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1

Figueiredo, Vera Lúcia Marques de, Francisco Antonio Soto Vidal, and Elizabeth do Nascimento. "WAIS fourth edition." Revista Avaliação Psicológica 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2016): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15689/ap.2015.1403.14.

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2

Vistnes, Lars M. "Ptosis, Fourth Edition." Annals of Plastic Surgery 27, no. 6 (December 1991): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199112000-00016.

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3

Neutel, C. Ineke. "Pharmacoepidemiology (Fourth Edition)." Annals of Epidemiology 17, no. 2 (February 2007): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.09.001.

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4

Campbell, AD. "Photosynthesis (fourth edition)." Biochemical Education 21, no. 3 (July 1993): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(93)90161-r.

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5

Gomber, Sunil. "Malaria: Fourth Edition." Indian Pediatrics 57, no. 6 (June 2020): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-020-1883-x.

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6

Pottsa, Russell O., and Thomas S. Spencer. "Dermatoloxicology, fourth edition." Journal of Controlled Release 20, no. 1 (May 1992): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(92)90142-e.

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7

Brigham, Christopher R., James B. Talmage, and Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach. "Spinal Impairment Evaluation: Process Improvement." Guides Newsletter 18, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2013.novdec01.

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Abstract Impairment evaluation of the spine has evolved notably since the 1958 publication by the American Medical Association of an article titled A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back. Significant differences exist among the editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) currently in use, including the third edition, revised (1988), fourth (1993), fifth (2000), and sixth (2008) editions. This article reviews exemplary cases according to the instructions and methods of each edition, beginning with a table that summarizes spinal impairment criteria by edition of the AMA Guides. Another extensive table presents seven exemplar cases that demonstrate the differences in impairment ratings between the fourth, fifth, and sixth editions; each example is discussed in terms of different approaches taken in each of these editions. In the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the process of rating impairment was simplified by the elimination of the range of motion method. In the examples presented, the impairment values calculated using the sixth edition fall between those obtained using the fourth and fifth editions. Evaluating physicians must know the appropriate edition of the AMA Guides to use in each case and must understand the differences between them, particularly the changes included in the sixth edition.
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8

Brigham, Christopher R., Craig Uejo, Aimee McEntire, and Leslie Dilbeck. "Comparative Analysis of AMA Guides Ratings by the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Editions*." Guides Newsletter 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2010.janfeb01.

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Abstract In December 2007, the American Medical Association published the sixth edition of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), following previous editions published in 2000 (fifth edition) and 1993 (fourth edition). To assess the effects of changes in whole person impairment ratings across editions, the authors selected 200 cases of whole person impairment and reevaluated each according to criteria in the three editions. Interrater reliability was confirmed when an independent reviewer checked 15% of the cases and found agreement within 1% in all but one of the thirty cases checked. Tables and figures in the article compare average whole person impairment in terms of sixth edition chapters; by edition; and by category (nonsurgical vs surgical intervention) and edition. On the basis of the sample and their comparisons, the authors conclude that the effect for patients based on their diagnostic impairment is small, and greater difference is seen for results obtained using the fifth edition compared with the fourth edition. The observed changes were expected and result primarily from the following: surgery and therapy should improve function and thus should not routinely increase impairment; there are improved functional outcomes for carpal tunnel syndrome and total joint replacement; and certain common conditions that resulted in functional deficits but no ratable impairment in previous editions now should be ratable. The study showed excellent interrater reliability with sixth edition ratings, which was an important goal for the new edition.
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9

Eberhardie, Chris. "Introducing Palliative Care (Fourth edition) Introducing Palliative Care (Fourth edition)." Nursing Standard 17, no. 40 (June 18, 2003): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2003.06.17.40.29.b349.

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10

Melhorn, J. Mark. "Shoulder Impairment Rating: Sixth Edition Clarifications." Guides Newsletter 23, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2018.sepoct02.

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Abstract A request for an impairment rating using both the fourth and sixth editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) demonstrated two interesting facts: In the sixth edition, Table 15-34, Shoulder Range of Motion has two typographical errors. First, Grade Modifier 3 (column 6) and the Internal Rotation (IR) (row 12) lists ≤20° ER = 8% UEI; this should be ≥20° ER = 8% UEI; and Grade Modifier 4 (column 7) and IR (row 12) lists: 20° to 50° IR = 6% UEI, ≥60° IR or 10° IR to ER = 0% UEI; this should be ≥60° IR or 10° IR to ER = 10% UEI. Second, the impairment rating using the fourth and sixth editions resulted in the same total impairment. A case example presents a 54-year-old male who experienced a right shoulder strain that was determined to be a right shoulder rotator cuff tear of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The patient was evaluated for impairment based on the range-of-motion method in the fourth edition of the AMA Guides, and 13% upper extremity impairment was determined. Using the sixth edition produced similar results, demonstrating how similar impairment ratings can be based on the fourth and sixth editions.
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11

Karimassery, SundaramRamaiyer. "Medical biostatistics, fourth edition." Indian Journal of Medical Research 149, no. 3 (2019): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2157_18.

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12

Wali, Mohan K., and Stephen E. Watts. "Forest Ecology. Fourth Edition." Journal of Environmental Quality 28, no. 5 (September 1999): 1683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050039x.

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13

Leads, Joan. "Social Gerontology (fourth edition)." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 23, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-19970201-15.

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14

Wasylenko, Michael, Edwin S. Mills, and Bruce W. Hamilton. "Urban Economics, Fourth Edition." Land Economics 66, no. 2 (May 1990): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146371.

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15

Smith, James W. "Clinical Gastroenterology, Fourth Edition." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 40, no. 3 (May 1994): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(94)70103-2.

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16

Bonar, Fiona. "Orthopaedic Pathology: Fourth Edition." Pathology 36, no. 6 (December 2004): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)39694-5.

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17

Brown, Nicholas M. "Antimicrobial chemotherapy (fourth edition)." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 95, no. 1 (January 2001): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90359-1.

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18

Allison, Althea. "Nursing ethics (Fourth edition)." Nurse Education Today 23, no. 2 (February 2003): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-6917(02)00210-1.

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19

Frost, Elizabeth A. M. "Pediatric Anesthesia, Fourth Edition." Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 14, no. 4 (October 2002): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008506-200210000-00010.

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20

Wroe, S. "Antieplleptic Drugs, fourth edition." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 62, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.62.1.107.

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21

Hillman, Todd. "Pediatric Otolaryngology, Fourth Edition." Otology & Neurotology 25, no. 2 (March 2004): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129492-200403000-00028.

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22

Kayser, Steven R. "Antithrombotic Therapy, Fourth Edition,." Critical Care Medicine 35, no. 11 (November 2007): 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000288117.93755.98.

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23

Granshaw, Stuart I. "Photogrammetric terminology: fourth edition." Photogrammetric Record 35, no. 170 (June 2020): 143–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phor.12314.

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24

Gellasch, Christopher A. "Field Hydrogeology (Fourth Edition)." Groundwater 57, no. 3 (April 2019): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12878.

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25

London, Martin J. "Cardiac Anesthesia (fourth edition)." Annals of Vascular Surgery 13, no. 6 (November 1999): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-5096(06)61836-0.

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26

Cook, Edwin H. "Basic Neurochemistry, Fourth Edition." Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 1, no. 3 (August 1989): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/jnp.1.3.333.

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27

Bullock, Janet. "Touch Math Fourth Edition." Intervention in School and Clinic 28, no. 2 (November 1992): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105345129202800209.

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28

Sury, Mike. "Paediatric Anesthesia, Fourth edition." Pediatric Anesthesia 13, no. 8 (October 2003): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.00968.x.

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29

Thomson, G. H. "Optical Physics (Fourth Edition)." Photogrammetric Record 26, no. 134 (June 2011): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2011.00637_3.x.

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30

Milsom, J., and A. Eriksen. "Field Geophysics, Fourth Edition." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 19, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.19.2.205.

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31

Thonemann, Philip. "Advanced Physics (Fourth Edition)." Electronics Education 1995, no. 2 (1995): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ee.1995.0056.

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32

Walker, J. "Contact Lenses. Fourth edition." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 21, no. 4 (1998): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.clae.4300132.

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33

Anderson, Peter. "Human Physiology (Fourth edition)." Journal of Biological Education 49, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2014.973435.

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34

Heilman, K. M., and E. Valenstein. "Clinical Neuropsychology, Fourth Edition." European Journal of Neurology 10, no. 5 (August 27, 2003): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2003.00655.x.

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35

Earle, Richard. "Clinical Negligence, Fourth edition." Clinical Risk 15, no. 1 (January 2009): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/cr.2008.080072.

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36

Tingle, John. "Clinical Negligence, Fourth Edition." British Journal of Healthcare Management 14, no. 9 (September 2008): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2008.14.9.30836.

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37

Bulman, A. "Cancer Treatment: fourth edition." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.52.12.847.

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38

Rogerson, John. "Fourth Edition of RGG." Expository Times 111, no. 3 (December 1999): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469911100305.

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39

Freeman, Roger. "Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Fourth edition." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 47, no. 5 (May 2001): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/47.5.731.

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40

Chhangani, Sanjeev. "Clinical Anesthesia, Fourth Edition." Clinical Journal of Pain 17, no. 4 (December 2001): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200112000-00016.

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41

Vogel, Walther. "Human Chromosomes, fourth edition." Human Genetics 111, no. 1 (June 7, 2002): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-002-0760-0.

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42

Moneta, Gregory L. "Vascular diagnosis, Fourth edition." Journal of Vascular Surgery 20, no. 1 (July 1994): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(94)90216-x.

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43

Kapur, Narinder. "Neuropsychological Assessment, Fourth Edition." Journal of Neurology 252, no. 10 (October 2005): 1290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-005-0003-0.

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44

Stuart, Julia. "Herbal Medicines. Fourth edition." Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA 102, no. 3 (July 2014): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.102.3.019.

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45

Brigham, Christopher R., and Leon H. Ensalada. "Impairment Tutorial: Recurrent Radioculpathy: Recurrent Radioculpathy and Apportionment." Guides Newsletter 7, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.julaug03.

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Abstract Recurrent radiculopathy is evaluated by a different approach in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, compared to that in the Fourth Edition. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, specifies several occasions on which the range-of-motion (ROM), not the Diagnosis-related estimates (DRE) method, is used to rate spinal impairments. For example, the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, clarifies that ROM is used only for radiculopathy caused by a recurrent injury, including when there is new (recurrent) disk herniation or a recurrent injury in the same spinal region. In the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, radiculopathy was rated using the Injury Model, which is termed the DRE method in the Fifth Edition. Also, in the Fourth Edition, for the lumbar spine all radiculopathies resulted in the same impairment (10% whole person permanent impairment), based on that edition's philosophy that radiculopathy is not quantifiable and, once present, is permanent. A rating of recurrent radiculopathy suggests the presence of a previous impairment rating and may require apportionment, which is the process of allocating causation among two or more factors that caused or significantly contributed to an injury and resulting impairment. A case example shows the divergent results following evaluation using the Injury Model (Fourth Edition) and the ROM Method (Fifth Edition) and concludes that revisions to the latter for rating permanent impairments of the spine often will lead to different results compared to using the Fourth Edition.
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46

Brigham, Christopher R. "Case Studies: Spinal Impairment Evaluation: Comparison of the Third Edition Revised, Fourth, and Fifth Editions." Guides Newsletter 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2001.janfeb03.

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Abstract Significant differences exist regarding spinal impairment rating among the Third Edition Revised, and the Fourth and Fifth Editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). Table 1 summarizes the rating criteria used in these three editions. The AMA Guides, Third Edition Revised used only the method that was subsequently labeled the Range of Motion (ROM) Model or Method to assess impairment. The AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, introduced the Injury or Diagnosis-related estimates (DRE) Method, but it had a limited role, primarily as a differentiator, when a patient's final category of disability was in doubt. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition retains both ROM and DRE, but they are termed methods rather than models. The DRE Method remains the principal means to evaluate an individual who has an injury, but changes were made regarding when and how it is used. In specified cases, the ROM Method is used to assess impairment not caused by an injury (eg, multilevel involvement, recurrent radiculopathy, or multiple pathologic episodes that produce alteration of motion segment integrity or radiculopathy). Table 2 presents seven exemplar cases that demonstrate the differences in impairment ratings among the three editions, and the text discusses the ratings and differences among the outcomes according to edition used.
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47

Hertenstein, Libby. "Marilyn E. Phelan. Museum Law: A Guide for Officers, Directors, and Counsel. 4th edition. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2014. 514 p. ISBN 978-0759124349. $95." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.16.1.439.

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Museum Law: A Guide for Officers, Directors, and Counsel, 4th edition, by Marilyn E. Phelan, provides relevant and useful information for professionals in museum administration. The fourth edition is structured into three parts, a change in organization from past editions, which had topics grouped into chapters. The three parts in the current edition are “Operations,” “Museum Collections,” and “Heritage.” Within each part are multiple sections with which readers of past editions would be familiar; however, some topics have been rearranged, allowing for better organization. This edition is also improved by placing all citations and notes at the end of chapters . . .
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48

Cherrey, Kelly D. "Soil Science Simplified, Fourth Edition." Vadose Zone Journal 1, no. 1 (August 2002): 201—a—202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2002.201a.

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49

Kreeger, Terry. "Exotic Animal Formulary, Fourth Edition." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49, no. 1 (January 2013): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-49.1.213.

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50

Nisbet, Ian C. T. "Waterbird Population Estimates—Fourth Edition." Waterbirds 31, no. 1 (March 2008): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[152:wpee]2.0.co;2.

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