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1
Longo, José Luís. "A aprendizagem por projeto e a pesquisa psicanalítica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/53160.
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Este trabalho parte da afinidade que encontramos entre aspectos da pesquisa psicanalítica e da aprendizagem por projetos para lançar nossa questão: em que essas duas metodologias, concernentes a campos diferentes – psicanálise e educação –, convergem ou em que divergem? Seria uma relação de homologia? A fim de realizar essa análise, estamos posicionando-nos desde a pesquisa psicanalítica. Portanto, é nela que buscamos nosso método e nosso instrumento de análise, a saber, o matema dos quatro discursos. No que diz respeito à pesquisa psicanalítica, buscamos nossos fragmentos em textos de Lacan e Freud. Esses fragmentos são articulados às diretrizes teóricas da aprendizagem por projeto, e a uma situação prática de nossa pesquisa: uma oficina de programação de computadores ocorrida em uma escola pública de Porto Alegre. Com essa articulação, percorremos nossa análise, delimitando pontos que aproximam ou afastam essas duas metodologias.This work starts since the affinity that we found between features of the psychoanalytic research and the learning projects in order to launch our question: considering these two methodologies, concerning different fields – psychoanalysis and education –, at what points do they converge or diverge? It would be a homology? In order to realize this analysis, we are positioning ourselves since the psychoanalytic research. Thus, there we get our method and our analysis tool, that is, the matema of four discourses. As regards psychoanalytic research, we get our fragments in texts written by Lacan and Freud. These fragments are articulated on the theoretical guidelines of learning project, and on a practical situation of our research: a workshop of computer programming for children, which has occurred in a public school in Porto Alegre. After that, we go through our analysis, delimiting points that bring these methodologies closer or further each other.
2
Christie, Elizabeth, and elizabeth christie@unisa edu au. "Explosions in the Narrative: Action films with Lacan." Flinders University. Screen Studies, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20071121.092301.
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Since the late seventies, the violence, speed and spectacle associated with the genres of war films, Westerns and the spectacular melodramas of early cinema have developed into a distinct genre of its own the action film. With the development of the stylistic language at the core of this generic universe came derogatory generalisations and a tendency to categorise simplistically. To overcome these simplifications, this thesis explores the shifts in generic language to distinguish its subtleties and complexities of logic. Overwhelmingly the genre is considered masculine, but the purpose of this thesis is to explore the logic of this masculinity and analyse the effect of the feminine upon it.
Beginning with overviews of the theoretical attempts to grasp the concept of genre that focus primarily on the limitations of the view of their having distinct boundaries, the theory that genre theory has failed is investigated. Leaving this view of boundaries through an exploration of symbolic universes that have translucent boundaries, the filmic movement of genre passes back and forth through the theoretical frameworks. The intention is not to analyse the overall concept of genre, but to focus on the symbolic universe and the language intrinsic to action films. The rules of action cannot be simply transposed onto other generic categories but stand-alone. Genre theory does not fail if approached from a perspective of discourse analysis focusing on the development of symbolic universes. Using Jacques Lacans theory of the four discourses, and focusing primarily on the oppositions of the Masters and the Analysts discourse, the question moves from the listing of conventions as the markers of the boundaries of genre, to exploring why the combination of certain conventions and signifiers coming together created the genre.
Through Lacanian discourse analysis it becomes apparent that the generally acknowledged logic of masculine and feminine are limited. The masculine is the norm that appears to need no explanation, but the feminine has transgressed the norm and shown the construction of fantasy inherent in the genre. This has led to post-action films that are ambiguous both in their generic structure and symbolic language.
3
Lerner, Ana Beatriz Coutinho. "Consequências éticas da leitura psicanalítica dos quatro discursos para a educação inclusiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-20062013-142156/.
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Esta tese tem como objetivo central investigar as formas que o discurso sobre a Educação Inclusiva assume na contemporaneidade e os efeitos desse discurso para a subjetividade das crianças, pais e profissionais da escola. Para isso, realizamos inicialmente um levantamento bibliográfico acerca da inclusão escolar, apresentando as origens desse movimento, os principais marcos legais que organizam o campo e as perspectivas teórico-críticas atuais. Em seguida, analisamos a emergência da temática da diferença na educação e apresentamos a abordagem psicanalítica da diferença e sua função na constituição do sujeito a partir das obras de Freud e Lacan. A partir da psicanálise, propomos uma articulação entre ética e inclusão, destacando o alinhamento do discurso sobre a educação inclusiva com os fundamentos éticos e morais previamente apresentados. Nosso referencial teórico-metodológico é a psicanálise de orientação lacaniana, em especial o instrumento dos quatro discursos formalizado por Lacan no Seminário 17: O avesso da psicanálise. O corpus de nossa pesquisa é composto por fragmentos discursivos oriundos de duas fontes: do atendimento de um grupo de profissionais que trabalham com educação inclusiva, cuja escuta é realizada pela pesquisadora no Serviço de Psicologia Escolar do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo e do material veiculado pelo Fórum Permanente de Educação Inclusiva. Os resultados foram reunidos em torno dos seguintes temas: a deficiência como metonímia do sujeito, a dimensão da técnica e a lógica da especialização, o discurso do capitalista e seus efeitos para a inclusão escolar, a construção do ideal e a escola. Ao final, apresentamos as contribuições que a noção de ética em psicanálise pode trazer para a educação inclusiva.This research aims to investigate the central ways in which the discourse on Inclusive Education assumes in contemporary times and the effects of this discourse on the subjectivity of children, parents and school professionals. In order to accomplish this goal, we first review the literature concerning Inclusive Education, showing the origins of this movement, the main legal frameworks that organize this subject and the current theoretical perspectives. We then analyze the emergence of the theme of the difference in education, and present the psychoanalytic approach of difference and its role in the constitution of the subject based on the works of Freud and Lacan. Using psychoanalysis, we propose a link between ethics and inclusion, highlighting the alignment of the discourse on Inclusive Education with the ethical and moral foundations previously presented. Our theoretical and methodological framework is the Lacanian psychoanalysis, particularly the instrument of four discourses formalized by Lacan in Seminar, Book 17: the other side of psychoanalysis. The corpus of our research consists of discursive fragments from two sources: the care of a group of professionals working in Inclusive Education, whose listening were conducted by the researcher in the Department of Educational Psychology at the Institute of Psychology of the University of São Paulo, and material disseminated by the Permanent Forum on Inclusive Education. The results were gathered around the following themes: disability as metonymy of the subject, the extent of technical expertise and the logic of the specialization, the capitalist discourse and its effects on school enrollment, and the foundation of the ideal and the school. At the end, we present the contributions that the notion of ethics in psychoanalysis can bring to Inclusive Education.
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Botha, Elizabeth Katherine. "Discourses of language acquisition and identity in the life histories of four white South African men, fluent in isiXhosa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27735.
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A post-structuralist framework (Foucault, 1976; Weedon, 1997) is used to explore language acquisition and identity construction in the life histories of four multilingual white South African men, who became fluent in the African language of isiXhosa in the racially-divided world of Apartheid South Africa, at a time when law and policy made fluency in an African language unusual for whites. Theories used within the 'social turn' in Second Language Acquisition (Block, 2003; Norton, 2000), as well as the social learning theory of Lave and Wenger (1991), support an exploration of how the men acquired this language on the farms in the Eastern Cape where they spent their early years. The identity implications of the men's multilingualism are examined using post-colonial studies of race, 'whiteness' and hybridity (Bhabha, 1994; Frankenberg, 1993; Hall, 1992a). The study was undertaken using Life History methodology (Hatch & Wisniewsky, 1995) and biographic interviewing methods developed within the Social Sciences (Wengraf, 2001). Poststructuralist discourse analysis (Wetherell & Potter, 1992), together with aspects of narrative analysis (Brockmeier, 2000), were used to analyse the data. The study contributes to research into naturalistic language acquisition, using theories from the 'social turn', and analysing a bilingual context in which language, power, race and identity interact in unique ways. The findings endorse the importance of a post-structuralist framing for the Communities of Practice model (Wenger, 1998), and show that participation in target-language communities requires investment by learners in identities which ameliorate the inequities of power relations. The study shows that isiXhosa can become linguistic capital (Bourdieu, 1991) for white South Africans, depending on context and the isiXhosa register they use. It demonstrates that Apartheid discourse ascribes to the men an identity which is indisputably white, but that early experiences shared with isiXhosa-speakers shape their lives and form a potentially antihegemonic facet of their identities.
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Njweipi-Kongor, Diana Benyuei. "Discursive features of health worker-patient discourses in four Western Cape HIV/AIDS clinics where English is the lingua franca." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71733.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This is a qualitative analytical study that investigates the use of English as lingua franca (ELF) between doctors and patients with different L1 at four different HIV/AIDS clinics in the Western Cape. The study addresses a gap in medical research, especially in the field of HIV/AIDS, namely, a lack of sufficient data-driven analytical investigation into the linguistic and conversational nature of doctor-patient communication in ELF in this setting in South Africa. A literature review contextualises ELF, discourse analysis (DA), conversation analysis (CA) and genre theory providing a theoretical framework for the study. The methodology involves audio-recording and transcription of HIV/AIDS consultations conducted in ELF. From the genre perspective, the study investigates the different genres in and determines if HIV/AIDS consultations are a sub-genre of medical discourses. DA investigates what contextual, socio-cultural linguistic features characterise medical interaction in this multilingual context and what ELF linguistic strategies participants use to signal and resolve misunderstanding. CA investigates the turn organisation and turn-taking patterns in the consultations to assess participants’ contributions and identify different types of sequences that characterise them, aiming to understand how they enable the interactants play their roles as doctors and patients. The results reveal that HIV/AIDS consultations exhibit formal features of doctor-patient consultations in general and intertextually revert to other oral genres leading to the conclusion that, considering their purpose, participants and context, HIV/AIDS consultations are like all medical consultations and are a sub-genre of medical discourse. The macro analysis reveals that the interactants’ socio-cultural and multi-linguistic backgrounds do positively influence the nature of the interaction in this context as it highlights characteristic linguistic features of ELF usage like borrowing, linguistic transference from L1, the use of analogy, code-switching and local metaphors all resulting from processes of indigenisation and hybridisation. The results reveal few instances of misunderstanding, concurring with earlier studies that problems of miscommunication may be minimal when two languages and/or cultural groups interact. The micro analysis reveals that the turns in the consultation follow the pre-selection and recurrent speakership patterns and that despite the advocacy for partnership between doctors and patients in their contribution and negotiation of outcomes, the doctor unavoidably remains the dominant partner. S/he determines the course of the consultation by initiating more turns, asking most of the questions and often unilaterally deciding on topic changes. S/he has longer talking time than the patient in the sequences and the physical examination and prescription phases of the consultation while the patient is mostly portrayed almost as a docile participant yielding to the doctor’s requests and taking very little if any initiative of his/her own to communicate his/her views and desires. The study reveals instances of both patient and doctor initiated repair to resolve any misunderstanding, which improves the quality of the interaction and its outcomes such as adherence and treatment follow-up. The study further highlights the challenges faced in the field which impacted on the data, the most crucial being the complicated but necessary ethical procedures required to get participants’ consent to participate in the study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie kwalitatiewe analitiese studie ondersoek die gebruik van Engels as lingua franca (ELF) tussen dokters en pasiënte met verskillende eerstetaal (T1) by vier verskillende MIV/vigs-klinieke in die Wes-Kaap. Die studie werp die soeklig op ʼn leemte in mediese navorsing, veral op MIV/vigs-gebied, en bring ʼn gebrek aan datagedrewe analitiese ondersoek na die taalkundige en gespreksaard van dokter-pasiënt-kommunikasie in ELF in hierdie omgewing in Suid-Afrika aan die lig. ʼn Literatuuroorsig van navorsing kontekstualiseer ELF, genre-teorie, diskoersanalise (DA) en gespreksanalise (GA), en bied ʼn teoretiese raamwerk vir die studie. Die navorsingsmetode behels oudio-opnames en transkripsie van MIV/vigs-konsultasies in ELF. Uit die genre-oogpunt bestudeer die navorsing die verskillende genres in MIV-konsultasies, en bepaal of dié konsultasies as ʼn subgenre van mediese diskoers beskou kan word. Met behulp van DA stel die studie vas watter kontekstuele, sosiokulturele taaleienskappe mediese interaksie in hierdie veeltalige konteks kenmerk, en watter ELF-taalstrategieë deelnemers gebruik om misverstande aan te dui en op te los. Daarna ondersoek GA die beurtorganisasie en beurtmaakpatrone in die konsultasies, om deelnemers se bydraes te beoordeel en verskillende soorte kenmerkende sekwensies uit te wys, en uiteindelik te begryp hoe dít die onderskeie partye in staat stel om hul rolle as dokters en pasiënte te vervul. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat MIV-konsultasies formele kenmerke van dokter-pasiënt-konsultasies in die algemeen toon en intertekstueel by ander mondelinge genres aansluit. Dít lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat, gedagtig aan die doel, deelnemers en konteks, MIV-konsultasies soos enige ander mediese konsultasie is en as ʼn subgenre van mediese diskoers beskou kan word. Die makro-analise (DA) toon dat die onderskeie gespreksdeelnemers se sosiokulturele en veeltalige agtergronde ʼn positiewe uitwerking het op die aard van die wisselwerking in hierdie konteks, aangesien dit kenmerkende taalkundige eienskappe van ELF-gebruik, soos leenwoorde, taaloordrag vanaf die L1, die gebruik van analogie, koderuiling en plaaslike metafore, beklemtoon. Al hierdie eienskappe spruit uit prosesse van verinheemsing en hibridisering. Die studie toon min gevalle van misverstand, wat met die resultate van vorige navorsing ooreenstem, naamlik dat probleme van wankommunikasie minimaal is wanneer twee tale en/of kultuurgroepe met mekaar omgaan. Die mikro-ontleding (GA) dui daarop dat die beurte in die konsultasie die preseleksie- en herhalende sprekerspatrone volg en dat, ondanks die voorspraak vir ʼn vennootskap tussen dokters en pasiënte in hul bydraes en bedinging van uitkomste, die dokter onvermydelik die dominante vennoot bly. Hy/sy bepaal die verloop van die konsultasie deur meer beurte aan te voer, die meeste vrae te stel en dikwels eensydig te besluit om die onderwerp te verander. Hy/sy het ook ʼn langer spreekbeurt as die pasiënt in die gespreksekwensies sowel as in die fisiese-ondersoek- en voorskriffases van die konsultasie. Daarenteen word die pasiënt merendeels as ʼn bykans gedweë deelnemer uitgebeeld wat aan die dokter se versoeke toegee en weinig of geen eie inisiatief aan die dag lê om sy/haar sienings en behoeftes oor te dra. Die studie toon ook gevalle van sowel pasiënt- as dokteraangevoerde herstel om enige misverstand uit die weg te ruim, wat die gehalte van die wisselwerking én die uitkomste daarvan, soos behandelingsgetrouheid en nasorg, verbeter. Die navorsing beklemtoon voorts die gebiedspesifieke uitdagings wat die data beïnvloed. Die belangrikste hiervan is die ingewikkelde dog nodige etiese prosedures wat vereis word om persone se toestemming tot studiedeelname te verkry.
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AraÃjo, Eveline MourÃo de. "TransmissÃo da PsicanÃlise e Universidade: A formulaÃÃo de um Saber mediante o Dispositivo do Ensinante de Lacan." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3847.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoEsta dissertaÃÃo constitui pesquisa de cunho bibliogrÃfico, cujo objetivo foi de uma discussÃo teÃrica em Freud e Lacan sobre o que caracteriza a transmissÃo da PsicanÃlise na universidade e, consequentemente, contextualizar como o psicanalista contribui com o ensino da teoria psicanalÃtica na academia brasileira, especificamente nos cursos de graduaÃÃo em Psicologia. Este trabalho trata das questÃes relacionadas à transmissÃo da PsicanÃlise nos cursos de Psicologia e na supervisÃo clÃnica. Nesta perspectiva de trabalho, acredita-se que possa haver a formulaÃÃo de um saber em que o psicanalista no manejo da transferÃncia, estabeleÃa uma subversÃo dos discursos presentes no Ãmbito da universidade (discurso do mestre, da histÃrica, do analista e do universitÃrio), advertido de seu lugar de semblante de quem âtudo sabeâ e da falta no outro / Outro. Para isso, aponta que a transmissÃo a ser realizada na supervisÃo clÃnica seja semelhante à transmissÃo de um saber ânÃo-todoâ mediante o dispositivo do ensinante proposto por Lacan no ensino na Ãcole Freudienne de Paris (EFP). Para isso, entÃo retoma alguns momentos importantes que refletem os impasses de Freud quanto à inserÃÃo da PsicanÃlise na universidade e os mal-entendidos surgidos sobre o lugar de formaÃÃo do psicanalista discutidos pelo grande mestre em determinados textos. Faz um percurso sobre as influÃncias teÃricas que influenciaram tanto Freud quanto Lacan e o que representou para cada um a possibilidade de transmissÃo psicanalÃtica dentro e fora das instituiÃÃes de PsicanÃlise, como na universidade. Descreve como Lacan avanÃou na teoria, no que diz respeito ao ensino, resultado de seu retorno à obra freudiana favorecendo a elaboraÃÃo da teoria dos quatro discursos e, posteriormente, o manejo do dispositivo do ensinante pelo psicanalista / supervisor na supervisÃo por intermÃdio do discurso da histÃrica.
This dissertation is a bibliography-based study, which aims at promoting a theoretical arguing between Freud and Lacan on how Psychoanalysis is taught at the University. As consequence, the study provides a context of Psychoanalytic theory teaching in Brazilian academy, specifically in Psychology graduation courses. The research approaches to issues on psychoanalysis teaching in Psychology courses and within clinical supervision. In such perspective, there can be the formulation of a knowledge based on which psychoanalyst can establish a subversion of University discourses (studentâs, professorâs, hystericsâ, analystâs), being aware of his/her semblance of someone who knows everything and conscientious of the Otherâs absence. For that, the research highlights that knowledge transmission carried out within clinical supervision should be similar to the transmission of a ânot allâ knowledge, by means of Lacanâs âteacherâ device for Ecole Freudienne de Paris (EFP). Nonetheless, the study retakes some important periods that reflect Freudâs irresoluteness in the concerning to Psychoanalysis insertion at academic environment, and to the misunderstandings raised on the right place to psychoanalystâs instruction, which Freud argued in some texts. It provides the thread of theoretical bases that influenced both Freud and Lacan, and what the possibility for psychoanalytic transmission inside and out Psychoanalysis institutions, as well as at the University, represented for each of them. It describes how Lacan advanced within theory in the related to teaching, as a result of his return to Freudian work, which triggered the Four Discourses Theory elaboration and, later, it made possible to handle âteacherâ device by psychoanalyst during teaching, using hystericsâ discourse.
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Lowther, John. "To Keep on Knowing More(?): Seminar XVILL, The Other Side of Psychoanalysis." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/65.
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This is an explication of Lacan’s Seminar XVII. The introduction situates the Seminar in its time and in relation to other theories of discourse. In part one I examine the changes which it brings to a variety of ideas already known in Lacan’s oeuvre such as Jouissance, Master Signifier(s) and Oedipus. Part two looks the four discourses in detail after considering the positions common to each. I provide accounts of each discourse as taking place internally to a subject and between subjects. The coda examines areas where further research is possible, reviews and critiques some scholarship on this seminar and inquires into the use value of the discourse theory, both generally and as a means of getting beyond Lacan.
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Strandberg, Maria. "Nyanlända invandrares etablering i Sverige : En kritisk diskursanalys av den nya lagen om etableringsinsatser för vissa nyanlända invandrare." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-53904.
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This thesis is a qualitative study of a new law that was applied in December 2010. The law is called Lagen om etableringsinsatser för vissa nyanlända invandrare, and is meant to help newly arrived immigrants that come to Sweden to establish themselves in the Swedish society. The aim of the study is to see what discourses the Swedish government produces as a result of this new law. Interesting for the study is to see what happens in the implementation stage at a local level, in this case in the municipality of Örnsköldsvik. Theoretically and methodologically I emanate from critical discourse theory and institutional theory. Previous research about the production of knowledge and power that originate from a post colonial theory is central throughout the study. The key findings are that the discourses that are being produced as a result of this new law build much on previous discourses within the field of integration policy. The main discourses that are being produced and reproduced are a care providing discourse, a market discourse and a state controlling discourse. A momentous problem is however the presumption of “Us and Them” which is connected to institutional structures and leads to an unequal power relationship.Maria Strandberg
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ARAUJO, Eveline Mourão de. "Transmissão da psicanálise e universidade: a formulação de um saber mediante o dispositivo do ensinante de Lacan." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1538.
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ARAÚJO , Eveline Mourão de. Transmissão da psicanálise e universidade: a formulação de um saber mediante o dispositivo do ensinante de Lacan. 2009. 112f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-01-05T15:45:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_EMDAraújo.PDF: 831724 bytes, checksum: 67795fa6f3c7ac630c8ccd291a896a93 (MD5)
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This dissertation is a bibliography-based study, which aims at promoting a theoretical arguing between Freud and Lacan on how Psychoanalysis is taught at the University. As consequence, the study provides a context of Psychoanalytic theory teaching in Brazilian academy, specifically in Psychology graduation courses. The research approaches to issues on psychoanalysis teaching in Psychology courses and within clinical supervision. In such perspective, there can be the formulation of a knowledge based on which psychoanalyst can establish a subversion of University discourses (student’s, professor’s, hysterics’, analyst’s), being aware of his/her semblance of someone who knows everything and conscientious of the Other’s absence. For that, the research highlights that knowledge transmission carried out within clinical supervision should be similar to the transmission of a “not all” knowledge, by means of Lacan’s “teacher” device for Ecole Freudienne de Paris (EFP). Nonetheless, the study retakes some important periods that reflect Freud’s irresoluteness in the concerning to Psychoanalysis insertion at academic environment, and to the misunderstandings raised on the right place to psychoanalyst’s instruction, which Freud argued in some texts. It provides the thread of theoretical bases that influenced both Freud and Lacan, and what the possibility for psychoanalytic transmission inside and out Psychoanalysis institutions, as well as at the University, represented for each of them. It describes how Lacan advanced within theory in the related to teaching, as a result of his return to Freudian work, which triggered the Four Discourses Theory elaboration and, later, it made possible to handle “teacher” device by psychoanalyst during teaching, using hysterics’ discourse.
Esta dissertação constitui pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, cujo objetivo foi de uma discussão teórica em Freud e Lacan sobre o que caracteriza a transmissão da Psicanálise na universidade e, consequentemente, contextualizar como o psicanalista contribui com o ensino da teoria psicanalítica na academia brasileira, especificamente nos cursos de graduação em Psicologia. Este trabalho trata das questões relacionadas à transmissão da Psicanálise nos cursos de Psicologia e na supervisão clínica. Nesta perspectiva de trabalho, acredita-se que possa haver a formulação de um saber em que o psicanalista no manejo da transferência, estabeleça uma subversão dos discursos presentes no âmbito da universidade (discurso do mestre, da histérica, do analista e do universitário), advertido de seu lugar de semblante de quem “tudo sabe” e da falta no outro / Outro. Para isso, aponta que a transmissão a ser realizada na supervisão clínica seja semelhante à transmissão de um saber “não-todo” mediante o dispositivo do ensinante proposto por Lacan no ensino na École Freudienne de Paris (EFP). Para isso, então retoma alguns momentos importantes que refletem os impasses de Freud quanto à inserção da Psicanálise na universidade e os mal-entendidos surgidos sobre o lugar de formação do psicanalista discutidos pelo grande mestre em determinados textos. Faz um percurso sobre as influências teóricas que influenciaram tanto Freud quanto Lacan e o que representou para cada um a possibilidade de transmissão psicanalítica dentro e fora das instituições de Psicanálise, como na universidade. Descreve como Lacan avançou na teoria, no que diz respeito ao ensino, resultado de seu retorno à obra freudiana favorecendo a elaboração da teoria dos quatro discursos e, posteriormente, o manejo do dispositivo do ensinante pelo psicanalista / supervisor na supervisão por intermédio do discurso da histérica.
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Danne, Kristoffer. "Kritisk diskursanalys av Gy2011 med fokus på kulturkontexten : Politiska diskursers relation till svensk läroplansutveckling." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Samhällskunskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-20258.
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This research aims to relate the modern Swedish curriculum development to the political discourses liberalization and European integration through a critical discourse analysis of the Swedish curriculum Gy2011. These political discourses constitute the cultural context of Gy2011, which according to critical discourse theory is synonymous with the terms social sphere or praxis. The term cultural context includes the environment in which the text has been created as well as its intertextuality – in this case its relations to earlier curricula. The analysis of Gy2011 exhumes scientific research done in the field of curriculum studies, which enables future research. The Gy2011 analysis shows that the political discourses liberalization and European integration stands out within the texts cultural context, and have done so for more than 70 years, a fact that is illustrated by an overview of Swedish curricula history. This research also illuminates how the liberalization discourse accelerated during the 1980’s, by both social democrats and the political right, and that the European integration process has gained momentum in recent years.
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Amaral, Filho Wilson do. "Aprender a ser: uma leitura interdiscursiva entre o Sermão do Monte e os Quatro Pilares da Educação." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2010. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2326.
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-12The objective of this thesis is to search the interdiscursivity between the Sermon of the Mount, from the Gospel of Matthew, and the Four Pillars of the Education from the Report of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century presented to UNESCO. It is possible to identify immediately the ethical-religious nature of the Biblical text of the first century and the political-educational character of the report based on the contemporary education s worldview. At a first moment, the research sets the examination of the theoretical principles of the genders of discourse, the conditions of production, the ethos, and the interdiscursivity. After that, both discourses are examined under those principles so that, at last, it is possible to verify and confirm the interdiscursivity between these discourses about the question of learning to be.
Esta tese tem como objetivo principal pesquisar a interdiscursividade entre o Sermão do Monte, do Evangelho de Mateus, e os Quatro Pilares da Educação do Relatório da Comissão Internacional sobre a Educação para o Século XXI apresentado à UNESCO. De imediato se identifica o caráter ético-religioso do texto bíblico do primeiro século, enquanto que o texto do relatório revela-se político-educacional, alicerçado na cosmovisão de educação contemporânea. A pesquisa se detém num primeiro momento no exame do referencial teórico dos gêneros discursivos, das condições de produção, do ethos e da interdiscursividade, aplicados, em seguida, a cada um dos textos citados para, ao final, buscar-se e confirmar a concorrência da interdiscursividade entre esses discursos, quanto ao aprender a ser.
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Figueiredo, Filho Celso Ramos. "A tortura aos presos políticos durante a ditadura militar brasileira: uma abordagem psicanalítica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17349.
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Previous issue date: 2009-05-18Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Torture was widely used by military dictatorship (1964-1985) to repress opposition politicians, mainly in order to obtain, in a short time, information about political underground organizations. In this scene of horror, the figure of the torturer stands out. Who is this man? Why does he torture? Social sciences, in general, have much contributed to the understanding of such phenomenon, although, due to their epistemological limits, they do not approach the subjective scope of torture. Certainly we do not ignore that man is a social being. In fact we have started from the premise that human nature lies in its social "excentration" and so we refute the works that psychologize social events. The psychoanalysis used here starts from the same premise and attempts to understand the often conflicting relation between subject and collectivity. It does not ignore, then, neither social nor subject. The torturers identified themselves exactly as in Freud's description (1921): by making the same object took the place of an ideal "I". This object could be either a General Commander, or the idea of "saving the country", or the usual values of capitalism, such as "status" and material benefits. At the same time, the ideal of "I" could be the group itself, that is, the mere fact of belonging to a fraternity. A social arrangement in which neurotics shared the illusion of having a single "Other" was supported by that identification. In exchange for the alienation of that arrangement, that is, the submission to a supposed "Other", neurotics experienced a jouissance which they would not have by themselves in the banality of their symptoms. As each subject refers to his own "Other", each one provides his own jouissance with different discourse positions, all of them belonging to the same arrangement. So, according to Lacan's theory of "The Four Discourses", torturers wavered between the "Discourse of the Master", the one that "only wants things to work", that is, the commanding position, and the "Discourse of the University". In that position, the military officers' speech was based on the "National Security and Development Doctrine" (Doutrina de Segurança Nacional e Desenvolvimento - DSN), a position intended to stand above each subject's particularity, thus standing on a false "neutrality". DSN was the ideological sustentaion for the regime. Its outstanding elements were a Brazilian Army's particular concept of Positivism, that of national authoritarian thinkers and General Góes Monteiro's doctrinarism, as well as elements of cold war ideology. Psychoanalysis considers ideology as a "social fantasy", that works as a barrier to "Real", in this case, class struggles, while it signs as a promise of collective jouissance.Thus, a subject, driven by the fantasy of a"revolutionary war" and a "subversive enemy", joins the setting and gives himself permission to torture and to kill. So, the typical capitalism subject, with his controlled jouissance, subjected to the setting and identified with signifiers of bourgeois ideology fantasy, such as individualism and materialism, did not hesitate about turning the other into an object: the threatening "strange". This one, having a different jouissance, revealed a structural failure, a hole in the chain of signifiers. And, in face of the horror of truth, he projected that horror on to the other, and attributed to the other an evil that allowed him to torture and to kill the other. The sadic jouissance of torture is, paradoxically, the only trace of humanity that remains in the torturer after his total alienation
A tortura foi largamente utilizada pela ditadura militar (1964-1985) na repressão a seus opositores políticos, sobretudo para rápida obtenção de informações sobre as ações das organizações clandestinas. No cenário de horror em que ela se constitui, sobressai a figura do torturador. Quem é esse homem? Por que ele tortura? As Ciências Sociais em geral muito contribuíram para o entendimento desse fenômeno. Contudo, por suas próprias características epistemológicas, não abordam a dimensão subjetiva da tortura. Evidentemente, não ignoramos que o homem é um ser social. Aliás, partimos da premissa de que a natureza humana é a sua excentração social , refutando assim os trabalhos que psicologizam eventos sociais. A Psicanálise, que utilizamos, parte dessa mesma premissa e procura compreender a relação, muitas vezes, conflituosa entre o sujeito e a coletividade. Ela não ignora, pois, o social, nem tampouco o sujeito. Os torturadores identificavam-se entre si tal como a descrição de Freud (1921), colocando o mesmo objeto no lugar de ideal de eu . Esse objeto poderia ser o general comandante, a idéia de salvação da Pátria , os valores típicos do capitalismo, como status, e benefícios materiais. Ao mesmo tempo, o ideal de eu poderia ser o próprio grupo, o simples pertencimento à frátria. Essas identificações sustentavam uma montagem social, na qual os neuróticos compartilhavam a ilusão de possuírem um único Outro. Em troca dessa alienação à montagem, dessa submissão a esse suposto Outro, o neurótico obtinha um gozo que, sozinho, na banalidade dos seus sintomas, não obteria. Mas, como cada sujeito se remete ao seu próprio Outro, cada um aparelha seu gozo através de diferentes posições discursivas, todas pertencentes à mesma montagem Por isso, os torturadores oscilavam, conforme a teoria lacaniana dos Quatro Discursos (1969-1970), entre o Discurso do Mestre, aquele que apenas quer que as coisas funcionem , quer dizer, a posição de mandatário, e o Discurso Universitário. Nessa posição, os militares falavam a partir da Doutrina de Segurança Nacional e Desenvolvimento (DSN), ou seja, de uma posição que se pretendia acima das particularidades de cada sujeito, portanto, se arvorava numa falsa neutralidade . A DSN deu sustentação ideológica ao Regime. Nela ressaltavam os elementos de uma concepção de positivismo particular ao Exército Brasileiro, dos pensadores autoritários nacionais e do doutrinarismo do general Góes Monteiro, além dos elementos da ideologia da guerra fria. Para a Psicanálise, a ideologia pode ser entendida como uma fantasia social , que funciona como uma barreira ao Real, no caso, a lutas de classes, ao mesmo tempo em que acena com uma promessa de gozo coletivo. Assim, movido pela fantasia da guerra revolucionária e do inimigo subversivo , o sujeito vinculava-se à montagem e se permitia torturar e matar. Assim, o sujeito típico do capitalismo, com o seu gozo administrado, assujeitado à montagem, identificado com os significantes da fantasia ideológica burguesa, tais como o individualismo e o materialismo, não titubeava em objetificar o outro, o estranho ameaçador. Esse, por ter um gozo diferente, revelava a falha estrutural, o furo na cadeia significante. E, ante ao horror da verdade, projeta esse horror no outro, atribuindo-lhe uma maldade que permitiu torturá-lo, matá-lo. O gozo sádico da tortura é, paradoxalmente, o que lhe restou de humanidade no torturador, após a sua total alienação
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Omar, Yunus. "Discourses of professionalism and the production of teachers' professional identity in the South African Council for Educators (SACE) Act of 2000 : a discourse analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7410.
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Includes bibliography.This study seeks to identify discourses of professionalism and the production of Teachers' professional identity in the South African Council for Educators (SACE) Act of 2000. These identifies are located in the context of their social impact on, and in the actualisalion of the political roles of teachers in post-apartheid South Africa. Central to the study is the conceptualisation that discourses coiistruct identities. The research methodology is derived from Ian Parker's approach to discourse analysis, which is premised to an extent on post-structruralist thought. The author summarises Parker's 'steps' to effect a discourse analysis, and constructs a set of five analytic tools with which no analyse the SACE Act of2000. The study's main finding is that two discursive frames constitute the roles of the post-apartheid teacher in South Africa. The first is a bureaucratic discourse of marketisation that defines a role for teachers in preparing students for participation in a global market economy. A second discourse which is identified in the study is a democratic professional discourse, which delineates a critical, independent professional role for teachers. The study suggests that the two teacher identities are in tension. The two identities are complex and are simultaneously constructed and actualised.
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Seidlhofer, Barbara. "Discourse analysis for summarization." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018780/.
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Summarization is an activity which language students are frequently called upon to perform, often without any explicit guidance. In a wider sense, it might be said that all learning, whether of language or anything else, involves the ability to distinguish what is important from what is not, and to incorporate it into existing schematic knowledge. In this respect, summarization can be seen as central to education in general as well as language education in particular. This thesis is an attempt to gain insights into the essential criteria for summarization. After the first chapter has outlined the scope and methodology of the enquiry, chapters 2 to 5 review a number of models of text analysis and discourse processing which, on the face of it, promise to provide a systematic basis for the identification of "main ideas" in written texts. It reviews a number of models of text analysis and discourse processing which, on the face of it, promise to provide a systematic basis for the identification of "main ideas" in written texts. These include the analysis of thematic structure associated with the work of Halliday and the Prague School, the Macrostructures proposed by van Dijk and Kintsch, and Meyer's studies of rhetorical structure. A critical investigation of these models leads to a consideration of a very different approach which focuses not on the text itself as product but on the reader's reaction to it in the process of interpretation. This emerges from the empirical analysis of student summaries and accounts in chapter 6, and is further discussed in the last chapter. In general, the thesis considers the theoretical validity of these different approaches to text description and their practical utility as points of reference for summarization. It surveys applied work based on them, relates them empirically to the analysis of summaries and accounts elicited from advanced Austrian students of English at university level, and works its way towards a set of principles and procedures which might be made operational in language pedagogy.
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Sterling, Carolyn Dawn. "Accounting for child sexual abuse : male discourses." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13546.
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Bibliography: leaves 48-51.This study explores discourses which relate to child sexual abuse and which seek to excuse or justify it. It is hypothesized that these discourses are wide-spread and are not held simply by a small minority of offenders. Similar discourses emerged in two very different groups of male subjects. The first comprised 45 male second year University of Cape Town students in the Department of Psychology in 1986, who enrolled for a gender socialization course credit option. The second consists of 26 alleged child sexual abusers admitted to Valkenberg Hospital for psychiatric observation in 1988/9. A discourse analysis methodology is used to analyse essays written by the students and transcripts of audiotaped groups in which they participated, as well as accounts of the alleged offence contained in the clinical records of the observation cases. Ten discoqrse1;i, relating to excuses or justifications for child sexual abuse, were identified by their repeated occurrence in the research material. Identified justifications of child sexual abuse are victim blaming, the belief that men are unable to control their sexual drive, the assertion of power, perceived rights over women, and doubting the evidence of girls and women. Illustrations of these discourses, which are present in both students' essays and groups, as well as in the alleged offenders' accounts, are discussed. These five discourses appear to be pervasive and may be indicative of generally held beliefs which relate to the different positions in which men and women are placed in society.
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Perreault, Stéphane-D. "Intersecting discourses : deaf institutions and communities in Montreal, 1850-1920." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82944.
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Before 1920, the deaf of Montreal share with their counterparts elsewhere a common experience of residential schooling and training in manual trades, which introduced them to other deaf people and led to their socialising. In countries such as France and the United States in the latter half of the nineteenth century, the deaf were encouraged to be active members of political and social movements. There was no such activism evident in the deaf of Montreal. At the end of the nineteenth century, a deaf culture was visible in the U.S. and France, but despite the presence of three schools for the deaf in Montreal, no such culture seems to have existed at that time.Deaf education in Montreal was carried out according to recognised teaching methods, and its teachers were part of a network of educators of the deaf abroad. Local influences unique to Montreal, such as religion and budding national and linguistic pride, however, changed the experience of both educators and the deaf. The bilingual character of the city, as well as the existence of two main Christian religions gave deaf life a different flavour. Historical narratives of deaf oppression at the hands of hearing educators common in France and the United States do not apply to the Montreal experience.
In many ways, deaf associative life in Montreal depended on the involvement of hearing educators. Experiences were different for Catholics and for Protestants, as well as for men and for women. The most prominent deaf association was made up of Catholic men, who joined an alumni association, the Cercle Saint-Francois-de-Sales, and started a newspaper destined not only for deaf Catholic men and women, but also for a readership consisting of the hearing. Their association also developed support networks for those deaf who suffered from economic and social disadvantage.
This association took on much of the ideological character of French-Canadian society, and was supported by the Catholic clergy. Its national and religious character was paramount and welcomed all members of the deaf family, which extended beyond audiological deafness to anyone interested in the deaf. Rather than participating in the deaf discourse in the United States or France, this association took on characteristics of the greater French-Canadian Catholic cultural group of which it was a part.
This thesis examines the conditions that led to these differences in the Montreal deaf experience between 1880 and 1920. It is concerned with the emergence of deaf networks of sociability and solidarity connected with Montreal's schools for the deaf and how such networks were made possible by the involvement of their educators. By examining the intellectual, religious, and national elements that gave rise to these deaf networks, this work aims at understanding the social dynamics steering Quebec society at the turn of the twentieth century.
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Morrey, Christopher Calvin James H. "Bite the hands that feed you retrieving material discourse from industrial culture /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6665.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 10, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: James Calvin. Includes bibliographical references.
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Moros, Cañón Lina. "Payments for ecosystem services in Colombia: discourses, design and motivation crowding." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670175.
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Els pagaments dels serveis ecosistèmics (PSE) han estat promoguts des de la dècada dels noranta per institucions globals, ONGs de conservació i governs nacionals i regionals per incentivar els propietaris a mantenir la biodiversitat i la cobertura forestal, així com per restaurar o millorar la prestació de serveis ecosistèmics. PES ha penetrat a l’agenda de polítiques globals mediambientals perquè promet un enfocament de conservació directa que aborda simultàniament la protecció del medi ambient i la reducció de la pobresa. Amèrica Llatina predomina l’implementació del PES, amb els programes nacionals de Costa Rica (1998) i Mexico (2003) sent dos dels sistemes més grans del món, seguits del programa de conversió de terres inclinades de la Xina. Malgrat la creixent popularitat del PES, segueix sent un concepte controvertit i dinàmic que planteja moltes preocupacions, incloent-hi la monetització de les funcions dels ecosistemes, els compromisos entre l’eficàcia ambiental i les consideracions d’equitat i els possibles riscos d’amuntegament de la motivació. disminuir les motivacions proambientals. Mitjançant un enfocament multidisciplinari i de mètodes mixts, aquesta tesi contribueix a aquests debats investigant com s’ha conceptualitzat i implementat el PES a Colòmbia, un dels que es troben més tard a l’agenda del PSE, que es distingeix globalment tant pel seu alt nivell de biodiversitat com per la seva taxes de deforestació. Aquesta tesi fa dues contribucions principals a la literatura del PSE: en primer lloc, teòricament es mostra la importància d’identificar els punts de convergència entre els discursos del PSE per facilitar l’implementació del SPO segons les necessitats i realitats locals. També destaca el paper important de les motivacions en l’eficàcia de les polítiques de conservació que tenen com a objectiu canvis de comportament. En segon lloc, metodològicament, avança la metodologia Q desenvolupant un protocol sistemàtic i replicable per capturar, definir i prioritzar les declaracions PES de les xarxes socials. També proposa que les motivacions i els comportaments s’analitzin per separat i no s’assumeixin com a intercanviables.Los Pagos por Servicios Ambientales (PSA) han sido promovidos desde la década de 1990 por instituciones globales, ONG conservacionistas y gobiernos nacionales y regionales para incentivar a los propietarios de tierras a conservar la biodiversidad y las coberturas forestales, así como a restaurar o mejorar la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. Los PSA han permeado la agenda de la política ambiental global porque prometen un enfoque de conservación directo que aborda simultáneamente la protección del medio ambiente y la reducción de la pobreza. América Latina domina la implementación de PSA, y los programas nacionales de Costa Rica (1998) y México (2003) son dos de los esquemas más grandes del mundo, seguidos por el programa de Sloping Land Conversion de China. A pesar de la creciente popularidad de los PSA, éste sigue siendo un concepto controvertido y dinámico que plantea muchas inquietudes, incluida la monetización de las funciones de los ecosistemas, las posibles tensiones entre la efectividad ambiental y las consideraciones de equidad, y los riesgos potenciales de que los PSA disminuyan las motivaciones pro-ambientales de quienes participan en los esquemas. Utilizando un enfoque multidisciplinario y de métodos mixtos, esta disertación contribuye a estos debates al investigar cómo se ha conceptualizado e implementado el PSA en Colombia, un país que acaba de entrar en la agenda de PSA mundial y que se destaca globalmente por su alto nivel de biodiversidad y tasas de deforestación. Esta tesis hace dos contribuciones principales a la literatura de PSA: en primer lugar, teóricamente muestra la importancia de identificar puntos de convergencia en los discursos de PSA para facilitar la implementación de PSA de acuerdo con las necesidades y realidades locales. También destaca el importante papel de las motivaciones pro-ambientales en la efectividad de las políticas de conservación dirigidas a buscar cambios de comportamiento. En segundo lugar, metodológicamente, avanza la metodología Q mediante el desarrollo de un protocolo sistemático y replicable para capturar, definir y priorizar los objetivos de los PSA mencionados en las redes sociales. También propone que las motivaciones y los comportamientos se deben analizar por separado y no deben ser asumidos como intercambiables.
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) have been promoted since the 1990s by global institutions, conservation NGOs, and both national and regional governments to incentivise landowners to maintain biodiversity and forest cover, as well as to restore or enhance the provision of ecosystem services. PES has permeated the environmental global policy agenda because it promises a direct conservation approach that simultaneously tackles environmental protection and poverty reduction. Latin America dominates PES implementation, with the Costa Rican (1998) and Mexican (2003) national programmes being two of the largest schemes in the world, followed by China’s Sloping Land Conversion programme. Despite the growing popularity of PES, it remains a contested and dynamic concept that raises many concerns including the monetisation of ecosystem functions, trade-offs between environmental effectiveness and equity considerations, and potential risks of motivation crowding, meaning that PES can, over time, diminish pro-environmental motivations. Using a multi-disciplinary and mixed methods approach, this dissertation contributes to these debates by investigating how PES has been conceptualised and implemented in Colombia, a late-comer in the PES agenda which stands-out globally for both its high level of biodiversity and its rates of deforestation. This thesis makes two main contributions to PES literature: first, theoretically it shows the importance of identifying points of convergence across PES discourses to facilitate PES implementation according to local needs and realities. It also highlights the important role of motivations in the effectiveness of conservation policies aiming at behavioural changes. Second, methodologically, it advances Q-methodology by developing a systematic and replicable protocol to capture, define and prioritise PES statements from social media. It also proposes that motivations and behaviours should be analysed separately and not assumed as interchangeable.
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Copeland, Ivory. "TANF reauthorization divergent discursive practices and welfare policy discourse /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.59Mb, 225 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3181872.
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Clear, Mike, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and of Health Humanities and Social Ecology Faculty. "Public discourse personal reality: disablement and a re-search for caring culture." THESIS_FHHS_xxx_Clear_M.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/34.
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This thesis explored the lives of carers of disabled people, and the research process itself within the collaborative framework of a support group. It used as its data sources an extensive review of the literature, interview transcripts and fieldnotes from carers, participants from the local service system, and the records of meetings and activities of the Group over 5 years. The study highlights the way public discourse on deinstitutionalisation has so captured our consciousness on care of disabled people that the personal reality of care in the family home has been effectively lost. It traces the disordering discourses of disablement and their link with constructions of caring. The personal reality of care and the isolating nature of this union of caring and disablement was the primary research focus. This may be characterised by social loss, and a lifestyle bound up with disablement which involves a search for a supportive or caring culture. The isolation and exclusion of carers occurs behind the screens of apparently caring institutions such as marriage, family, community and the service system. In the search for a caring cuture carers find their lives bound up with that of state and service systems which offer some hope of a supportive response. Instead they invariably find that the culture is an alien one. The research informed attempts of the Group to explore improved forms of caring culture, and more relevant public policy approaches. The study attempted to bridge the gap between the process of knowledge construction and discourse, and the material experience of carersDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Haig, Edward. "Media Representations of Political discourse : A critical discourse study of four reports of Prime Minister's Questions." 名古屋大学大学院国際言語文化研究科, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8158.
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Emontspool, Julie. "Consumption discourses as positioning strategies for international migrants." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209778.
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In today’s globalised world, everyday life becomes increasingly “liquid” - changing and fragile - as individuals continuously adapt their lifestyle and behaviour to global influences (Bauman 2000). To provide a general framework for understanding this world, Appadurai (1996) introduces five “dimensions” of global flows in his seminal work Modernity At Large: ethnoscapes, financescapes, mediascapes, ideoscapes, and technoscapes. One of them, the ethnoscapes, refers to the increased mobility of individuals and peoples, impacting their cultural affiliations and social networks. The focus of this thesis lies on international, cross-border migrants, the primary representatives of these uprooted individuals. Studying migrants’ consumption behaviour provides a better understanding of the issues faced by all members of liquid life in terms of consumption behaviour, whether they are migrants or not, by referring to its most extreme cases.
The present dissertation addresses migrant consumer research through an original angle. It suggests that international migrants position themselves in the global mediascapes of cosmopolitanism and transmigrant communities by activating different consumption discourses. This approach offers a solution to previous ambiguous categorisations of international migrants by relying on self-categorisation across national and cultural boundaries instead of outside-defined sociodemographic or geopolitical criteria. In addition to providing a typology based on the migrants’ strategies of positioning that explains global consumer acculturation, the results allow for a disambiguation of the notions of immigrants, globals and cosmopolitans.
The contribution of the dissertation lies in its contrast to existing research, and is therefore more adapted to the liquidity of our modern world. Indeed, the field of consumer research as much as political discourse or companies tend to categorise international migrants according to socioeconomic or geopolitical criteria, such as education, duration of stay or ethnic origin. While consumer research often views low-skilled immigrants in light of specific ethnic groups (Peñaloza 1994, Oswald 1999, Üçok 2007), cross-cultural samples represent the preferred approach to highly-skilled expatriates (Thompson and Tambyah 1999). Consumer research addresses and considers these categories of migrants differently, a questionable postulation in light of global flows which render movement across nations more complex and lead to mixed and multiple cultural affiliations.
The main research question to answer in the present thesis is: How do international migrants use consumption behaviour to make sense of their experience? Its broad character allows for new insights and approaches to emerge, both on the side of existing literature and on the empirical side.
The dissertation initiates the answer by a first review of the literature. The review highlights gaps and contradictions which can be found in the literature centred on international migrants and their consumption behaviour. The explanation of the context of this research encompasses the definition of consumer culture as well as of globalisation. Indeed, consumption as a discourse plays a role especially in terms of the subscription to a particular group; individuals use consumption to communicate, to express their affiliation with a family, or a place, to situate their identity in their universe (Douglas and Isherwood 1979). These issues change in the global context, and therefore need review. Migration research constitutes the second chapter of the literature review. It presents on the one hand the people endeavouring migration, and on the other, illustrates the various models explaining migration as a process.
Based on this review, the research question transforms, splitting it into three elements, each focusing on one element: cultural affiliations, migrant networks and consumer acculturation. The consequent empirical part aims at answering these three questions through three separate, though complementary, research phases, which rely on in-depth interviews, focus groups and observations. Each phase predominantly addressed one research question, though all three elements remain present in all phases.
Different types of consumption discourses emerge; in the case of a focus on products of home and/or host culture, three locality discourses develop. Seven globality discourses integrate global and other foreign products in the equation. International migrants seem to use these locality and globality discourses to position themselves in today’s liquid world. They can consequently be compared to the twelve worlds that are presented by Rosenau (2004) as positioning strategies resulting from global “fragmegration”, that is, the difficulty of integrating fragmented and contradictory elements of global societies.
The contribution of this dissertation lies in the integration of more diversity in the concepts of cultural affiliations, migrant networks and consumer acculturation. Consequently, the locality and globality discourses provide indications as to the acculturation strategies possible for its members.
Doing so, this thesis integrates debates of the local and the global, immigrants versus expatriates, integration versus acculturation, a comparison of interest to both researchers and marketers. On a theoretical level, the thesis provides thus a more generalised view on international migrants, incorporating previous categories. It provides practical solutions, both on a political and on a managerial level. The provided typology enables policy-makers and managers to better understand the new tendencies and problematics inherent to international migration and to address migrants in a way taking into account their actual affiliations and networks.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Brian, Josephine. "Hungry for meaning : discourses of the anorexic body." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2137/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis takes a critical analytic approach to contemporary discourses of anorexia. Unlike much feminist literature on eating disorders, its emphasis is metatheoretical: rather than taking the anorexic body itself as object of enquiry, the thesis focuses on the effects of theory about anorexia. It investigates the underlying structure of dominant discourses about anorexia and, using a feminist genealogical methodology, contextualises those discourses within broader feminist theoretical debates and within historical trends in thinking 'feminine disorders'. In particular, the thesis seeks to account for the absence in contemporary theory of an engagement with how anorexia feels. It suggests that feminist cultural theorists' arguments about anorexia as a metaphor for the condition of Western women, and feminist corporeal theorists' readings of anorexia as a synecdoche for gender oppression, privilege the visual body at the expense of the affective and sentient aspects of embodiment. Moreover, the frequent feminist argument that anorexia demonstrates the harm done by thin-ideal media images indicates the extent to which much existing feminist theory reproduces, rather than surpasses, a notion of anorexics as pathological and suggestible. Building on this analysis of discursive effects, the thesis suggests some new ways of thinking existing knowledges about anorexia. It reconceptualises anorexia as a form of melancholia engendered by specific, often traumatic, forms of touch (in both physical and affective senses). Through a reflexive affective dialogic reading practice, it engages with a number of anorexic autobiographies, exploring the effects and limitations for anorexic subjects of the imperative to represent one's life truthfully, and the narrative strategies through which anorexic autobiographers have circumvented truth-judgements. By foregrounding the significance of touch to both anorexic body and narrative, the thesis reframes anorexia in intersubjective terms and recentralises family dynamics as key to many anorexics' conceptions of self.
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Marshall, Tatiana. "Boners and twats sexual discourse and political pedagogy in a sex education classroom /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/609.
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Hashmi, Muhammad Ali S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Said-Huntington Discourse Analyzer : a machine-learning tool for classifying and analyzing discourse." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98543.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-74).
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) aims to understand the link "between language and the social" (Mautner and Baker, 2009), and attempts to demystify social construction and power relations (Gramsci, 1999). On the other hand, corpus linguistics deals with principles and practice of understanding the language produced within large amounts of textual data (Oostdijk, 1991). In my thesis, I have aimed to combine, using machine learning, the CDA approach with corpus linguistics with the intention of deconstructing dominant discourses that create, maintain and deepen fault lines between social groups and classes. As an instance of this technological framework, I have developed a tool for understanding and defining the discourse on Islam in the global mainstream media sources. My hypothesis is that the media coverage in several mainstream news sources tends to contextualize Muslims largely as a group embroiled in conflict at a disproportionately large level. My hypothesis is based on the assumption that discourse on Islam in mainstream global media tends to lean toward the dangerous "clash of civilizations" frame. To test this hypothesis, I have developed a prototype tool "Said-Huntington Discourse Analyzer" that machine classifies news articles on a normative scale -- a scale that measures "clash of civilization" polarization in an article on the basis of conflict. The tool also extracts semantically meaningful conversations for a media source using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling, allowing the users to discover frames of conversations on the basis of Said-Huntington index classification. I evaluated the classifier on human-classified articles and found that the accuracy of the classifier was very high (99.03%). Generally, text analysis tools uncover patterns and trends in the data without delineating the 'ideology' that permeates the text. The machine learning tool presented here classifies media discourse on Islam in terms of conflict and non-conflict, and attempts to put light on the 'ideology' that permeates the text. In addition, the tool provides textual analysis of news articles based on the CDA methodologies.
by Muhammad Ali Hashmi.
S.M.
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Domenec, Fanny. "Contribution à l’analyse du milieu spécialisé des entreprises du risque technologique à travers leur discours : le cas du pétrole et des biotechnologies agricoles aux États-Unis." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040241/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur la caractérisation du milieu spécialisé des entreprises du risque technologique aux États-Unis. Dans le cadre de la recherche en anglais de spécialité, il s’agit de démontrer que les multinationales américaines du pétrole et des biotechnologies agricoles partagent un discours et une culture spécifiques, fondés sur une stratégie de légitimation de leurs activités. Cette stratégie de légitimation se manifeste à travers des choix structurels, lexicaux, syntaxiques et rhétoriques qui distinguent le discours spécialisé au sein du monde de l’entreprise. Dans la première partie, nous revenons sur les fondements théoriques et méthodologiques de ce travail : nous précisons la singularité du milieu formé par Monsanto, DuPont Pioneer, Dow AgroSciences, Chevron, ExxonMobil et Conoco Phillips et présentons la méthodologie en trois temps, qui reflète le caractère pluridisciplinaire de l’anglais de spécialité. La seconde partie porte sur les manifestations de la stratégie de légitimation dans les déclarations de mission, les rapports annuels et les communiqués de presse des multinationales étudiées. L’analyse souligne des modifications de certains critères prototypiques, qui reflètent une conception particulière de la RSE et de la culture d’entreprise. Une perspective civilisationnelle est proposée afin d’éclairer l’adaptation du discours de l’entreprise au contexte local. La dernière partie traite des genres émergents, de l’adaptation des outils du Web 2.0. et de la mise en place de stratégies de « légidivertissement » et de « promodivertissement » sur Internet, afin de répondre aux enjeux communicationnels propres au domaine du risque technologiqueThis dissertation focuses on the specialized milieu formed by technological risk companies in the United States. Within the framework of English for Specific Purposes, we aim to show that American multinationals specializing in oil and agricultural biotechnology share a specific discourse and culture based on legitimizing their activities. This legitimation strategy can be identified through structural, lexical, syntactic and rhetorical choices which set apart the specialized discourse of technological risk companies within the corporate world. Part 1 presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of our research: the specificity of the milieu formed by Monsanto, DuPont Pioneer, Dow AgroSciences, Chevron, ExxonMobil and Conoco Phillips is clarified and the methodology, which reflects the pluridisciplinary nature of English for Specific Purposes, is explained. Part 2 concentrates on the manifestations of the legitimation strategy in the mission statements, annual reports and press releases of technological risk companies. The analysis underscores some modifications in the traditional genres of company discourse which reflect a specific vision of CSR and corporate culture. A cultural perspective is suggested to cast light on the local adaptation of corporate discourse. Part 3 concentrates on emerging cybergenres, the adaptation of web 2.0 tools and the use of “promotainment” and “legitainment strategies” on the Internet as a response to the specific communicative needs of technological risk multinationals
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Wyma, Kathleen Lynne. "The discourse and practice of radicalism in contemporary Indian art 1960-1990." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2833.
Full textAbstract:
By the early 1980s the Department of Fine Arts and Aesthetics at the Maharaja
Sayajirao University in Baroda stood as the key institution for contemporary art in
India. Its reputation had been carefully cultivated over the last fifteen years by both K.
G. Subramanyan and Geeta Kapur. Under their careful artistic and theoretical tutelage,
the Facuhy of Fine Arts turned to narrative-figuration as a self-proclaimed polemical
stance against the materialist/determinist thrust of history. The narrative turn moved
beyond the regional locality of Baroda in 1981 with the exhibition Place for People.
Held in the cosmopolitan art centres of Delhi and Bombay the show included the work
of six artists variously affiliated with the school in Baroda: Bhupen Khakhar, Vivan
Sundaram, Gulammohammed Sheikh, Nalini Malani, Jogen Chowdhury, and Sudhir
Patwardhan.
The arrival of Place for People in the 1980s must be situated within the larger
frames of contemporary art in the post-colonial moment. In attending to the variegated
terrain spanning both theory and practice, my project has as its underlying concern the
interface between discursive formations, institutional structures, and sites of artistic
intervention. More specifically, I am interested the representational strategies that
emerged in the period between 1960 and 1990. In looking to the gaps in the discourse,
alongside the points of conflict or conciliation, I raise larger questions about the politics
of representation, and the productive or prohibitive possibilities of artistic intervention.
At the core of my argument is the rise of painterly narrative-figuration exemplified by Place for People and the challenge leveled against it by the Indian Radical Painters and
Sculptors Association. Both laid claim to radicalism as a polemical gesture; however,
the battle was waged across the historically contingent fields of artistic subjectivity,
regional difference and the capacity of art to function as an agent of social change.
Pivotal to my study is how certain approaches to both the theory and practice of
contemporary art in India have emerged as paradigmatic while others have gathered the
dust of disregard.
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Garagnani, Massimiliano. "Belief systems for persuasive discourse planning." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4302/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the problem of construction of the logical structure of a persuasive discourse. A persuasive discourse can be defined as a monodirectional form of communication, generated by a speaker in order to convince a hearer about the validity (or fallacy) of a specific belief The construction of the structure of a persuasive discourse is realized, in this work, through the adoption of two basic elements: a belief system and a planning system. The planning system is used as a tool for the automatic generation of the discourse structure (or plan), obtained through the decomposition of the assigned (communicative) goals of persuasion, aimed at producing specific effects on the hearer’s beliefs. The belief system is adopted in order to endow the planning process with a formal language of beliefs for the representation of such goals, and with the mechanisms which govern the propagation of their (expected) effects on the rest of the hearer's belief state. The main results presented consist of the formalization of a paradigm for specification of belief systems, and of a method — whose correctness is formally proved — for their integration with planning systems. The formalization of a belief system for discourse structure representation (defined in accordance with the theoretical paradigm) is also given, together with the description of its implementation and integration with a specific planner, which resulted in the actual completion of a system for the automatic generation of persuasive discourse plans.
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Mapleson, Daniel Lee. "Post-grammatical processing for discourse segmentation." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426689.
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Larimore, Carmen Bonita. "Memory for discourse in mild aphasia /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025633.
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Larimore, Carmen B. "Memory for discourse in mild aphasia." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025633.
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Chen, Erdong S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Discourse models for collaboratively edited corpora." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44374.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-81).
This thesis focuses on computational discourse models for collaboratively edited corpora. Due to the exponential growth rate and significant stylistic and content variations of collaboratively edited corpora, models based on professionally edited texts are incapable of processing the new data effectively. For these methods to succeed, one challenge is to preserve the local coherence as well as global consistence. We explore two corpus-based methods for processing collaboratively edited corpora, which effectively model and optimize the consistence of user generated text. The first method addresses the task of inserting new information into existing texts. In particular, we wish to determine the best location in a text for a given piece of new information. We present an online ranking model which exploits this hierarchical structure - representationally in its features and algorithmically in its learning procedure. When tested on a corpus of Wikipedia articles, our hierarchically informed model predicts the correct insertion paragraph more accurately than baseline methods. The second method concerns inducing a common structure across multiple articles in similar domains to aid cross document collaborative editing. A graphical model is designed to induce section topics and to learn topic clusters. Some preliminary experiments showed that the proposed method is comparable to baseline methods.
by Erdong Chen.
S.M.
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Wu, Hui-Yin. "Cinematic discourse for interactive 3D storytelling." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S097/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur les propriétés du discours de la caméra virtuelle autour de trois axes: le temps, l'histoire, et la présentation visuelle. Nous nous répondrons principalement à la question sur la façon d'analyser, d'exploiter des données, et de générer automatiquement des arrangements temporels de l'histoire et des contenus visuels. Nos techniques proposées peuvent être appliquées aux problèmes de planification automatique de la caméra dans des environnements 3D, et ouvrent des perspectives pour l'analyse cognitive du cinéma et de la narration visuelleThis thesis concerns the discourse properties of cinematographic storytelling around three axes: time, story, and visual presentation. We address the question of how to analyse and gain knowledge from data, and automatically generate temporal arrangements of story and their visual content. We work with actual film data to understand the good practices of visual storytelling. The techniques in this thesis target applications to automatic camera planning problems in 3D environments, and also open perspectives for cognitive analysis of film and visual storytelling
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Sheriff, Constance, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. ""I wanna be toned I don't want to be muscular" : dominant discourses and women's exercise choices." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2582.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores how women who exercise regularly frame their involvement in
exercise with regard to discourses of femininity, fitness, consumerism, and healthism,
and how these contemporary discourses impact women’s exercise choices. Sixteen semistructured
interviews were conducted with women who exercise regularly. The objective
was to elicit detailed information about the types of exercise these women were involved
in, how they came to exercise in particular ways, and with what rationales. A Foucaultian
discourse analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken to uncover commonalities
and differences in how the sometimes competing discourses of femininity, fitness,
consumerism, and healthism affect the types of exercise engaged in. By examining the
interplay between discourse, power/knowledge, surveillance, discipline, subjectivity, and
the resultant construction of normative feminine and health ideals, this thesis attempts to
determine how women are constructed, and construct themselves, as regular exercisers
and how this construction impacts the ways in which the women chose to exercise.vii, 149 leaves ; 29 cm
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Zanabria, Shirkhani Sandra. "Ett exkluderande integrationsprojekt : En kritisk diskursanalys av språk- och samhällskunskapskrav för svenskt medborgarskap." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444029.
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The issue of civic integration and requirements for citizenship has been a far-reaching debate that has taken place in the Swedish political context for several years. From the Liberals’ pioneering proposal for a language test for immigrants in 2002, the issue has 19 years later moved towards an increasing consensus that today finds majority support in the Swedish parliament. Although the proposal seems to contribute to greater integration, there are many critical approaches to analyse. The question that arises is whether these types of proposals, through their discursive design, create conditions that actually support integration or instead induce discrimination and exclusion of certain groups. The purpose of this thesis is twofold. One aim is to critically examine and analyse the political proposal on language- and civic knowledge for Swedish citizenship by looking at government documents and motions from Sweden's opposition parties. The thesis examines whether racist discourses are reproduced or maintained by analysing the proposal to review further how it is legitimised. The secondary purpose will be to problematise how such a proposal can affect the right to citizenship based on the risks of discrimination and exclusion. This is done by guidance from Fairclough's three- dimensional model, whose method allows to examine the textual structure, the discursive and social practice of the given material. The theoretical framework evolved from theories that sufficiently understand how civic requirements can be understood based on different exclusion mechanisms. The essay concludes that the proposal raises issues of human rights, that the state legitimises the proposal through discursive means and that there are tendencies that reproduce racist discourses.
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Wise, Michael. "Mad science: discourses of 'schizophrenia'and 'therapy' for hearing voices." Wise, Michael (2004) Mad science: discourses of 'schizophrenia'and 'therapy' for hearing voices. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/411/.
Full textAbstract:
People who are diagnosed with 'severe mental illness' experience some of the most extreme and pervasive prejudice of all groups in Western society. How can this still be so? Although the term 'mental illness' is typically reserved for the most 'serious' of 'cases', psychiatry's medical model is expanding into increasingly everyday realms. Thus, in concert with efforts to reduce social stigma, 'mental illness' is becoming 'normal'. Nevertheless, 'abnormality' is a requirement of biopsychiatry and its offshoots; professionals require some 'thing' to remedy. How do 'clinical' professionals manage these tensions? And what alternatives are there to the pathologizing of such phenomena?
Such concerns are considered in relation to my main thesis question: How do professionals represent 'schizophrenia' and hearing voices in theoretical texts, and how is that played out in the minutiae of therapy practices? Drawing on discourse analysis and conversation analysis, I critique professional categorizations of what are typically known as 'schizophrenia', 'mental illness', 'patients', 'clients', and 'therapists'. My case in point is the experience of hearing voices - pathologically known as 'auditory hallucinations'. 'Delusional' beliefs are also considered.
In Part 1, accounts of voices as supernatural or ordinary phenomena, or as a 'symptom' of 'severe mental illness', are considered. Mainstream psychiatric and psychological texts are analyzed and critical alternatives are summarized.
In Part 2, a selection of studies of interactions involving 'severe mental illness' are reviewed and ongoing analytic/methodological debates are discussed. A cognitivebehavioural therapy group for hearing distressing voices then provides data from 'clinical' talk-in-interaction for analysis. I focus on negotiations of 'reality' (the ordinary versus the psychiatric) and on what I take to be sanist prejudice-in-action.
Part 3 relates findings from Part 2 to the context and findings of Part 1. There is also discussion of the positive implications of a more social and dialogical approach to understanding and otherwise dealing with the phenomena in question; for voice hearers, 'schizophrenics', and society at large.
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Hart, Michelle. "Interrogating Discourses of Gun Culture in Bowling for Columbine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HartM2004.pdf.
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Wise, Michael John d1969. "Mad science : discourses of 'schizophrenia'and 'therapy' for hearing voices /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20041221.95451.
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Thomas, Guillaume. "Les commentaires sportifs télévisés en anglais : caractérisation d'un genre de discours spécialisé." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20085/document.
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Les commentaires sportifs télévisés en anglais n’ont jamais été envisagés selon les principes de l’analyse du discours, c’est-à-dire en mettant en rapport leurs propriétés formelles avec les conditions dans lesquelles ils sont produits et avec les enjeux sociaux, économiques et culturels qu’ils portent. En nous appuyant sur un corpus transcrit par nos soins, composé de cinq retransmissions sportives de forme et de contenu variés (rugby, football, athlétisme et catch), nous tentons de répondre à la question suivante : les commentaires sportifs télévisés en anglais constituent-ils un genre de discours spécialisé ? Leur nature spontanée, de même que la tension entre information et divertissement qui les traverse, semblent incompatibles avec la conception dominante de la spécialisation, qui fait la part belle à la terminologie et à la transmission de connaissances. L’examen du corpus témoigne pourtant d’une réflexion sur les besoins des téléspectateurs et sur la manière d’y répondre. Ainsi, les commentateurs s’appuient sur les images pour réduire la syntaxe à l’essentiel et mettre en relief la dimension cognitive des procès ; par ailleurs, ils cherchent à refléter au mieux les valeurs du sport commenté et à s’accommoder des contraintes qui pèsent sur eux. En définitive, l’étude des commentaires sportifs télévisés démontre le bien-fondé d’une approche graduée de la notion de spécialité qui, en reposant principalement sur la recherche d’efficacité, présente l’avantage de valoir autant pour les discours « manifestement spécialisés » (Petit : 2010) que pour les sciences humainesLive sports commentary in English has never been studied following the principles of discourse analysis, which consist in linking its formal properties with its context of production and social, cultural and economic implications. Using the corpus that I transcribed, composed of five sports broadcasts of diverse forms and contents (rugby, football, athletics and wrestling), I attempt to answer the following question: is live sports commentary a specialised genre? Its spontaneous nature and its constant tension between information and entertainment seem hard to reconcile with the prevailing conception of specialisation, which is based upon such notions as terminology and knowledge transfer. Yet, the corpus study shows evidence of a reflection on the viewers’ needs and on how to address them. Commentators tend to rely on the images to reduce syntax to the essence and to emphasise the cognitive dimension of the situations they describe. They also strive to reflect the values of the sports they commentate and to put up with the constraints they face.The study of live sports commentary substantiates a graded approach of specialisation which, by resting mainly upon the speaker’s search for efficiency, has the benefit of applying to discourses that are “evidently specialised” (Petit 2010) as well as to social sciences
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McGrath, Lisa. "Writing for publication in four disciplines : Insights into text and context." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116674.
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Scholars globally are under increasing pressure to publish in international, highly-ranked, and usually English-language journals. This has created a need for insights into the evolving discourses, genres, and publication practices of disciplinary discourse communities. This thesis reports an exploration of textual and contextual facets of writing for publication in the academy. More specifically, the overarching aim was to investigate the relationship between discipline, and the rhetorical features, genres, languages and dissemination outlets used by scholars. The thesis comprises four qualitative studies, and employs a variety of methods to explore this relationship across four disciplines: anthropology, history, linguistics and pure mathematics. The results reveal some connections between epistemological characteristics of the disciplines investigated and scholars’ rhetorical choices. The structure of the research article in pure mathematics is shown to reflect the process of knowledge construction in the discipline, and patterns of self-mentions in anthropology and history articles are attributed to disciplinary methodology. Furthermore, insights into the relationship between discipline, and genre use, language selection, and access to publication outlets are obtained. The results reveal disciplinary differences in terms of scholars’ opportunities to publish in the local language and in English. Based on my findings, I argue that while discipline is a significant factor in understanding how scholars construct and disseminate their research-based writing, these practices are also subject to local, international and digital developments. As such, the relationship between discipline, genre, language and publication should be understood as dynamic.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: In press. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted.
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Schweitzer, Donald Dale. "Runaway and Homeless Youth: Changing the Discourse by Legitimizing Youth Voice." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/292.
Full textAbstract:
Undoubtedly, runaway and homeless youth (RHY) are one of the most vulnerable, yet underserved groups in our country. Well-meaning advocates have developed programs and services in an attempt to remedy this, yet there is little evidence of their effectiveness. Moreover, according to the research literature, a low utilization rate of current services by youth is a major concern. From a constructivist theoretical position, this study posits that the missing element is youth voice and the researcher hired formerly homeless youth to conduct the analysis of focus group data gathered from RHY who were participating in a range of services funded by the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act. By employing participatory action research (PAR) methods, this study privileges youth voice and asks two research questions; 1) what are current program models doing right with regards to RHY services, and 2) what can be learned by employing youth analysts in research. Findings indicate that how services are offered is as important as what services are offered. Additionally, by privileging youth and providing meaningful participation, youth are exceptionally capable to develop and evaluate services, programs and policy. Youth workers must continue to privilege youth voice if they hope to effect change in the lives of young people. If not, services will continue to play a key role in keeping RHY as one of the most marginalized groups in our society.
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au, mwise@westnet com, and Michael Wise. "Mad Science: Discourses of Schizophrenia and Therapy for Hearing Voices." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20041221.95451.
Full textAbstract:
People who are diagnosed with severe mental illness experience some of the most extreme and pervasive prejudice of all groups in Western society. How can this still be so? Although the term mental illness is typically reserved for the most serious of cases, psychiatrys medical model is expanding into increasingly everyday realms. Thus, in concert with efforts to reduce social stigma, mental illness is becoming normal. Nevertheless, abnormality is a requirement of biopsychiatry and its offshoots; professionals require some thing to remedy. How do clinical professionals manage these tensions? And what alternatives are there to the pathologizing of such phenomena?
Such concerns are considered in relation to my main thesis question: How do professionals represent schizophrenia and hearing voices in theoretical texts, and how is that played out in the minutiae of therapy practices? Drawing on discourse analysis and conversation analysis, I critique professional categorizations of what are typically known as schizophrenia, mental illness, patients, clients, and therapists. My case in point is the experience of hearing voices - pathologically known as auditory hallucinations. Delusional beliefs are also considered.
In Part 1, accounts of voices as supernatural or ordinary phenomena, or as a symptom of severe mental illness, are considered. Mainstream psychiatric and psychological texts are analyzed and critical alternatives are summarized.
In Part 2, a selection of studies of interactions involving severe mental illness are reviewed and ongoing analytic/methodological debates are discussed. A cognitivebehavioural therapy group for hearing distressing voices then provides data from clinical talk-in-interaction for analysis. I focus on negotiations of reality (the ordinary versus the psychiatric) and on what I take to be sanist prejudice-in-action.
Part 3 relates findings from Part 2 to the context and findings of Part 1. There is also discussion of the positive implications of a more social and dialogical approach to understanding and otherwise dealing with the phenomena in question; for voice hearers, schizophrenics, and society at large.
43
Whitney, Brian T. "Searching for patterns of discourse in a sea of professional development : professional learning and teacher discourse /." Boise State University: Complete ScholarWorks record including accompanying resources if available, 2009. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/20/.
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Manley, Anita Odell. "Unlocking Communicative Competence in Classrooms For Students With Hearing Impairment:|bTraditional Discourse Versus Process Drama Discourse /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487868114112915.
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Mehrstam, Christian. "Textteori för läsforskare /." Göteborg : Institutionen för litteratur, idéhistoria och religion, Göteborgs universitet, 2009. http://booksondemand.e-butik.se/Booksondemand/images/shop/1499_150.jpg.
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Niehaus, James Michael. "Cognitive Models of Discourse Comprehension for Narrative Generation." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-134916/.
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Recent work in the area of narrative generation has sought to develop systems that automatically produce experiences for a user that are understood as stories. Much of this prior work, however, has focused on the structural aspects of narrative rather than the process of narrative comprehension undertaken by readers. Cognitive theories of narrative discourse comprehension define explicit models of a reader's mental state during reading. These cognitive models are created to test hypotheses and explain empirical results about the comprehension processes of readers. They do not often contain sufficient precision for implementation on a computer, and thus, they are not yet suitable for computational generation purposes. This dissertation employs cognitive models of narrative discourse comprehension to define an explicit computational model of a reader's comprehension process during reading, predicting aspects of narrative focus and inferencing with precision. This computational model is employed in a narrative discourse generation system to select content from an event log, creating discourses that satisfy comprehension criteria. The results of three experiments are presented and discussed, exhibiting empirical support for the computational reader model and the results of generation. This dissertation makes a number of contributions that advance the state-of-the-art in narrative discourse generation: a formal model of narrative focus, a formal model of online inferencing in narrative, a method of selecting narrative discourse content to satisfy comprehension criteria, and implementation and evaluation of these models.
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Barker, Marjorie. "Effects of divided attention on memory for discourse /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136402.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 363-370). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Kallio, Emmi-Maria. "Responsibility for sustainability within tourism – an emerging discourse." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353160.
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The tourism industry is at a pivotal point in time, where the potential and threats associated with the industry have gained global attention. While the field provides numerous development opportunities by being one of the largest global industries, the tourism industry’s contribution to universal threats such as global warming and climate change has been acknowledged. As a response, the industry and academia have experienced a shift towards discourses of sustainable tourism, or more recently responsible tourism, where stakeholders aim to embark on a path of holistic sustainability. The global significance of tourism’s potential to foster sustainable development has further been recognized by the assignment of 2017 as the International year of Sustainable Tourism for Development. At the core of the sustainable tourism debate lies the notion of responsibility, particularly the notion of various stakeholders’ responsibility for sustainability within tourism. Within this paradigm, consumers play a central role, as consumers can guide industry action with their travel related choices. Yet, there is a notable discrepancy between consumer attitudes about sustainability and their travel related behaviour and the disparity begs the question of how consumers perceive their own responsibility for sustainability in a tourism context. This study set out to explore the emerging discourse of responsibility for sustainability within tourism by examining how the notion has been addressed, constructed and framed within academia and the industry, with a particular interest in the framing of consumer responsibility for sustainability. Seven themes with additional subthemes of notions about responsibility for sustainability were identified through a literature review consisting of 132 peer-reviewed journal articles and two book chapters. Furthermore, an interpretive content analysis of the recently launched UNWTO Responsible Traveller campaign was carried out. The findings suggest that responsibility for sustainability within tourism has emerged as its own, distinct discourse characterized by an ambiguous and complex nature where the notion of responsibility is influenced by the surrounding context, prevailing social norms and individual identity. While responsibility for sustainability is recognized as the responsibility of all tourism stakeholders, the results suggest that consumers in particular abrogate themselves from a responsibility for sustainability in a tourism context and consequently, the industry is seen to lie in a state of lock-in. The findings indicate that there is a need to re-establish how and by whom responsibility for sustainability is constructed and framed within tourism, while notions of sustainable lifestyles and global citizenship should be fostered together with new social norms that challenge the prevailing status quo.
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Capon, Hannah Rachel. "Therapist discourse in manualised therapy for alcohol addictions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6359/.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of the rising agenda of evidence based practice, the use of treatment manuals is now common in psychotherapeutic treatments for addiction and other mental health issues. There is debate amongst clinicians and researchers regarding the trade-off between the costs and benefits of manuals; and differing opinions regarding the importance of treatment fidelity. One concern that clinicians often raise is the effect that manuals have on clinical judgement and responsivity, and one benefit that researchers raise is the standardisation of treatment. The purpose of this study was to consider how therapists enact the delivery of manualised through analysing the discourses used. Particular attention was given to how therapists attempted to facilitate behaviour change using both adherent and non-adherent techniques, and how therapists addressed the expression of client emotions. Two types of manualised alcohol addiction therapy sessions were investigated in this study; Motivational Enhancement Therapy, and Social Behaviour and Network Therapy, both taken from the large scale UK Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT research team, 2005). A discursive psychology informed analysis was conducted, spanning nineteen therapy sessions with six therapist-client dyads. The interpretative repertoires that therapists used to promote behaviour change were: therapist actions are responsible for enabling change, clients are responsible for changing their own behaviour, and therapeutic alliance is required for change. These were enacted through the following discursive practices: being paternalistic, being critical, persuading, lecturing, using humour, being collaborative, acting as benevolent expert and constructing oneself as a powerful expert. Therapists managed adherence to the manuals and responsivity to the clients in differing ways; at times prioritising one over the other, at other times attending to both, and at other times attending to neither. Therapists responded to clients’ expression of emotions in a variety of ways categorised under two themes of acknowledging and avoiding. The analysis highlighted the variability of therapist responses within both manualised therapies, which is discussed in further detail. The clinical implications, opportunities for further research, and limitations of the study are discussed.
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Cetnar, Ashley. "Valued Discourse in Oral Examinations for Medical Physicists." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1606920639129938.
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