Journal articles on the topic 'Foundational values'
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Bossman, David M. "Reassessing Foundational Values." Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture 18, no. 2 (May 1988): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014610798801800201.
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Little, Miles, Jill Gordon, Wendy Lipworth, Pippa Markham, and Ian Kerridge. "Values as ‘modest foundations’ for medicine." European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 2, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v2i2.702.
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Medicine and healthcare have been around for thousands of years, but we seldom ask why they are so important. It seems self-evident that we should seek relief of suffering from some institution in the society in which we live and equally self-evident that each society should provide healthcare for its people at some level. Yet when we inquire further, we are driven to seek foundational answers to iterative questions, seeking answers at deeper and deeper levels. Ultimately, it seems best to accept the Humean refuge [1] and finish with some such statement as “Humans are like that” or “Societies can’t function in any other way”.These Humean questions suggest that survival, security and flourishing are endpoints for such an inquiry and that medical (and many other) systems are built on these implicit foundations. The ways in which societies build relevant systems (such as medicine, welfare, law, transport, housing and so on) will differ strikingly, but common ground will still exist at the foundational level.Acknowledging a commonality of foundations does not commit one either to a conservative normativity, nor to a loose relativism. Increasing activity at the level of the International Court of Justice makes clear that there is a possibility of consensus for judging the validity of the interpretations and enactments of foundational values in any society. The ideals of the American Declaration of Independence – life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness – are principles very similar to the foundational values of survival, security and flourishing. Person-centered medicine is inescapably based on theories of the person and must therefore be able to offer an account of what personhood is. Values underpin the philosophy and practice of medicine, including person-centered medicine, because they are foundations of personhood, as well as foundations of the societies in which each person lives.
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Suchman, Anthony L. "Control and relation: two foundational values and their consequences." Journal of Interprofessional Care 20, no. 1 (January 2006): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13561820500497941.
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Haygood, Jacqui, Matt Baker, Jon Hogg, and Susie Bullock. "The Influence Of Foundational And Expressed Values On Personal Behaviors Of Teachers." Journal of Agricultural Education 45, no. 1 (March 2004): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2004.01054.
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Ormerod, Neil. "Church, Anti-Types and Ordained Ministry: Systematic Perspectives." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 10, no. 3 (October 1997): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x9701000307.
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The author develops a systematic approach to ecclesiology and the theology of ministry through a consideration of Lonergan's scale of values. This leads to the development of four anti-types to authentic Church, and a discussion of the role of ministry as corrective of the distortions evident in these anti-types. An intrinsic link is then made between ordained ministry and the eucharistic celebration. This paper is part of a larger project which seeks to develop, in outline at least, the elements of a systematic ecclesiology. As a systematic, it inevitably draws on a particular foundation, here the work of Lonergan and Doran, and remains hypothetical and tentative. The value of such a project lies in its testing of its foundations, not just in dialectic debate against other foundational possibilities, but through an examination of the systematics which can be built upon them.
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Asuquo, Gabriel. "African values and institutional reform for sustainable development in Africa." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v2i4.56.
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The way society patterned its institutions and framed its laws, is predicated on the prevalent values of the people, which is rooted in their culture, philosophies, and spirituality. The way such a society makes progress and promotes coexistence is linked to the values that they uphold. Similarly, African values are those axiological principles that form the foundation of social living and social ordering in traditional African society, which can still be relevant today. These social values of the African people are what were used to construct African inclusive institutions in the traditional setting before it was eroded by colonialism and imperialism. Thus, for Africans of today to rebuild inclusive institutions that will guarantee sustainable development across the continent, there is a need to revive and reintegrate the principles from the study of African values into the reform of contemporary African social institutions. Therefore, in this paper, the authors argue that for African institutions to deliver the good of sustainable development, they must be reformed along the lines of foundational principles of African cultural values. The paper employs the philosophical method of critical analysis in dissecting the issues within this discourse.
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Lyberger, Mark R. "Value-Centric Education: A Transcending Approach." Sport Management Education Journal 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/smej.2019-0037.
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Value-centric teaching is about creating a memorable learning environment that is attractive, meaningful, and relevant. A teaching philosophy that encompasses a strategic value-oriented approach integrates real-world and translatable experiences. The foundation is transferable. It strives to blend the passion for learning with foundational elements to motivate students to achieve and continue to grow. It is an emergent process that evolves over time and becomes stronger as it adapts to new challenges even as it remains true to its core principles. Educators have a vital role to play and must adhere to the principle of value orientation to further accentuate its educational and societal impact. Value-centric teaching enables a deeper exploration of life, enhancing knowledge, its values, its meaning, and responsibilities.
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Steffen, Tom A. "Foundational Roles of Symbol and Narrative in the (Re)construction of Reality and Relationships." Missiology: An International Review 26, no. 4 (October 1998): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182969802600407.
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What provides the foundation for deep-level presuppositions? Scholars have offered multiple possibilities: worldview universals, interests influenced by economics, social relationships, symbols, and narrative. This article attempts to answer this question by exploring the interrelationship between ideas, interests, economics, social relationships, narrative, and symbol. I argue that symbol-based narrative serves as the lifelong, foundational conceptualization agent that allows for the (re)construction of reality and relationships. Shared symbols and stories socialize the personality within the broader communal context; they construct and reconstruct social values and social relations.
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Proietti, Pamela Werrbach. "The Future of Family Values." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12, no. 1 (2000): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2000121/22.
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John Paul II's encyclical, Fides et Ratio, describes a profound and causal connection between the teaching of modem Western philosophy and contemporary spiritual dilemmas. The Pope argues persuasively that modem philosophy has led modern man to a loss of faith in the nobility of human reason and the possible existence of meaningful human truths. Modem political philosophers wanted to bring the divine law of revealed Scripture into service of modem philosophic principles of the autonomy of human reason and freedom. John Locke sought to reorganize family life in accordance with such modem principles. Locke clearly modified Biblical teaching to allow for more liberty for the autonomous individual in his imagined liberal democratic society of the future. John Paul II is among those who urge Christians in the West to examine our present social disintegration in light of the foundational ideas that have formed modem liberal societies. We must understand how these ideas have contributed to our present social problems, and determine how to chart the best course for liberal democracy in the new Millennium.
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Van Der Zee, Claar, Tatjana Poplazarova, and Veronique Delpire. "Foundational Elements of an Ethical Decision-Making Model Applied in the Biopharmaceutical Context." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (September 9, 2021): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.122.
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"We previously described an applied values-based decision-making model and reported on its use in biopharmaceutical research and development (R&D)*. The model, known by the acronym “TRIP &TIPP”, uses company values along with framing questions as part of a five-step process to guide decisions to complex questions. The employees are engaged as moral agents applying values and principles. Their moral intuition is guided by systematic use of explicit framing questions to increase the understanding and clarity of the values and contextual questions to facilitate the practical implementation of solutions. Sometimes these solutions lead to the creation of internal guidelines in the company. The ethical norms for biopharmaceutical R&D are shaped by the interaction between ethical reasoning and the context of the situation. Several levels of context are relevant here. First, that of the company within society, which is represented by the stakeholders in our model. This societal context is dynamic as societal expectations change over time. Second, the context of the employees within the company: how the company is organized, its mission, vision and values, as well as the capabilities, experiences and beliefs of the employees. Third, the specifics of the R&D question itself, which requires a pragmatic, solution-oriented, bioethical approach. Finally, ethical deliberation leads to evolving company practices addressing science, technology and society changes. "
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Vaidman, L. "Weak value controversy." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2106 (October 2, 2017): 20160395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0395.
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Recent controversy regarding the meaning and usefulness of weak values is reviewed. It is argued that in spite of recent statistical arguments by Ferrie and Combes, experiments with anomalous weak values provide useful amplification techniques for precision measurements of small effects in many realistic situations. The statistical nature of weak values is questioned. Although measuring weak values requires an ensemble, it is argued that the weak value, similarly to an eigenvalue, is a property of a single pre- and post-selected quantum system. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Second quantum revolution: foundational questions’.
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Stevens, Joyce West. "A Question of Values in Social Work Practice: Working with the Strengths of Black Adolescent Females." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 79, no. 3 (June 1998): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.996.
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The author examines the foundational values of social work in current social work practices with inner-city black adolescent females. Case illustrations are presented to demonstrate how social work values are actualized in direct practice and research. Issues regarding the congruence of social work practices and basic ethical values and principles are discussed. Strength and empowerment perspectives in clear accordance with social work values are presented as practice models.
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Monaghan, Thomas F., Syed N. Rahman, Christina W. Agudelo, Alan J. Wein, Jason M. Lazar, Karel Everaert, and Roger R. Dmochowski. "Foundational Statistical Principles in Medical Research: Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value." Medicina 57, no. 5 (May 16, 2021): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050503.
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Sensitivity, which denotes the proportion of subjects correctly given a positive assignment out of all subjects who are actually positive for the outcome, indicates how well a test can classify subjects who truly have the outcome of interest. Specificity, which denotes the proportion of subjects correctly given a negative assignment out of all subjects who are actually negative for the outcome, indicates how well a test can classify subjects who truly do not have the outcome of interest. Positive predictive value reflects the proportion of subjects with a positive test result who truly have the outcome of interest. Negative predictive value reflects the proportion of subjects with a negative test result who truly do not have the outcome of interest. Sensitivity and specificity are inversely related, wherein one increases as the other decreases, but are generally considered stable for a given test, whereas positive and negative predictive values do inherently vary with pre-test probability (e.g., changes in population disease prevalence). This article will further detail the concepts of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values using a recent real-world example from the medical literature.
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Gutiérrez, Nuria, Juan E. Jiménez, Sara C. de León, and Rocío C. Seoane. "Assessing Foundational Reading Skills in Kindergarten: A Curriculum-Based Measurement in Spanish." Journal of Learning Disabilities 53, no. 2 (December 21, 2019): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219419893649.
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Early identification of learning difficulties is a critical component of the Response to Intervention (RtI) model. In kindergarten, the screening of foundational reading skills can provide a data-based guideline for identifying students requiring a more intensive response-based intervention before starting elementary school. This study examines the classification accuracy and best predictors of a set of Spanish curriculum-based measures administered during kindergarten. The study’s sample included 189 students tested in the fall, winter, and spring. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted. The composite score of the curriculum-based measurement (CBM) revealed area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.83, 0.97, and 0.94 in the fall, winter, and spring, respectively. Phonemic awareness and letter-sound knowledge were the only isolated measures that demonstrated excellent AUC values throughout kindergarten. Logistic regression models showed that, when entered simultaneously, all measures were significant predictors of reading risk at some moment of the school year.
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Kendall Sanders, Jennifer. "Imitating the Divine Interruption of Deteriorating Human Conversations: Speaking the Gospel in a New Language." Theological Studies 81, no. 4 (December 2020): 849–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040563920984466.
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Recent scholarship uses the metaphor of language to articulate why, even with good intentions, we Christians can hand on meanings and values at odds with the Christian message. Our “native” languages foreground our worlds, readily conforming our minds to the very realm we are called to transform (Rom 12:2). Related to the problem of “languages” is the brokenness of our conversations, themselves. Conversation can become a tool of destruction rather than a means of transformation. We Christians need a “new foundational language” in which to communicate the kerygma. This language is capable not only of communicating meanings and values that are faithful to the Christian message, but it is also capable of healing the very conversations we have by healing “the conversation that we are.” This article suggests how we Christians can learn a new foundational language by unfolding the radical consequences of our Trinitarian belief.
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Blake, David. "Musicological Omnivory in the Neoliberal University." Journal of Musicology 34, no. 3 (2017): 319–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2017.34.3.319.
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This essay attributes the rise of inclusive values in recent musicological work to multicultural and neoliberal reforms in American universities. Musicological inclusivity is characterized through omnivore theory, a sociological theory of taste correlating educational attainment with a disposition for multicultural appreciation and a rejection of highbrow modes of exclusion. Analyzing discursive values using a corpus of 120 books published between 2010 and 2013, this essay elucidates three foundational values to musicology’s inclusiveness: an interest in studying diverse music; a predilection for inter- or transdisciplinary methodologies; and the rejection of musicology itself as outdated and hegemonic. The first two of these, derived from the multicultural turn in the humanities, offer fruitful ways for musicologists to interact with the diverse cultural and technological environs of contemporary academia. The third, however, reaffirms the neoliberal devaluation of organizations and specializations, casting musicology as a straw man that bears scant resemblance to the intellectual work currently undertaken within the discipline. In order to contest the neoliberal values that threaten the discipline’s institutional foundations, this essay contends that scholars should reframe musicology as an inclusive, democratic, and specialized intellectual community, a characterization that reflects recent scholarship more accurately than highbrow stereotypes.
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KATSAFANAS, PAUL. "Fugitive Pleasure and the Meaningful Life: Nietzsche on Nihilism and Higher Values." Journal of the American Philosophical Association 1, no. 3 (2015): 396–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2015.5.
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ABSTRACT:Nietzsche's discussions of nihilism are meant to bring into view an intriguing pathology of modern culture: that it is unable to sustain ‘higher values’. This paper attempts to make sense of the nature and import of higher values. Higher values are a subset of final values and are distinct from foundational values. Higher values are characterized by six features: demandingness, susceptibility toward creating tragic conflicts, recruitment of a characteristic set of powerful emotions, perceived import, exclusionary nature, and their tendency to instantiate a community. The paper considers Nietzsche's arguments for the claim that we are committed to instituting some set of higher values. The cost of not doing so is vitiating our deepest aim and precluding a central form of happiness.
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Abeywickrama, Ravini S., Joshua J. Rhee, Damien L. Crone, and Simon M. Laham. "Why moral advocacy leads to polarization and proselytization: The role of self-persuasion." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 8, no. 2 (September 2, 2020): 473–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v8i2.1346.
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This research is the first to examine the effects of moral versus practical pro-attitudinal advocacy in the context of self-persuasion. We validate a novel advocacy paradigm aimed at uncovering why moral advocacy leads to polarization and proselytization. We investigate four distinct possibilities: (1) expression of moral foundational values (harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, purity), (2) reliance on moral systems (deontology and consequentialism), (3) expression of moral outrage, (4) increased confidence in one’s advocacy attempt. In Study 1 (N = 255) we find differences between moral and practical advocacy on the five moral foundations, deontology, and moral outrage. In Study 2 (N = 218) we replicate these differences, but find that only the expression of moral foundations is consequential in predicting attitude polarization. In Study 3 (N = 115) we replicate the effect of moral foundations on proselytization. Our findings suggest that practical compared to moral advocacy may attenuate polarization and proselytization. This carries implications for how advocacy can be re-framed in ways which minimize social conflict.
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Wyndham, Marivic, and Peter Read. "When Cultures Divide." Public Historian 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2018.40.1.34.
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We two Australian public historians recently published a history of memorials in Santiago, Chile, to the victims of the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship, Narrow but Endlessly Deep: The Struggle for Memorialisation in Chile since the Transition to Democracy. Our different upbringings and experiences (one a migrant from Cuba, the other Anglo-Australian) produced disagreements as to how we should interpret the memorializations. In particular, the foundational narratives of Cuba and Australia in which we were raised affected our differing interpretations. The article explains these differing foundational narratives and then cites examples of textual disagreements and how we resolved them. We believe that this challenging interrogation of lifetime values improved the monograph and may offer insights for other cross-cultural collaborations.
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Venter, Francois. "Utilizing constitutional values in constitutional comparison." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 4, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2001/v4i1a2878.
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We are living in an era in which constitutional law has become a comparative science. A cogent, generally accepted methodology for constitutional comparison, however does not exist. There can, it is therefore submitted, be no such thing as a universal, monolithic science or discipline of comparative law, be it in the field of private or of public law. On the other hand, juridical comparison done unscientifically will not yield the fruits of useful knowledge. The law in general is replete with unspecific notions such as justice, reasonableness, public interest, boni mores, and many others. It should therefore not be disturbing to find that values are often foundational to the operation and application of constitutional law. The values underpinning different constitutional systems may be useful as a tertium comparationis in a comparative exercise. This however requires a penetrating consideration of the foundations of the systems being compared. In this contribution "a small comparative exercise" is undertaken by way of demonstration of the method. The South African constitutional provisions relating to equality and affirmative action are set against the background of the relevant norms and practices in the United States of America and Canada. This produces some useful insights:in the USA equality increasingly underpins a strict proscription of discrimination, thus shrinking the scope for justifiable affirmative action programmes;the South African law relating to discrimination and upliftment of the disadvantaged was clearly influenced by, and is therefore better understood against the background of, the equivalent arrangements inCanada, which was in its turn possibly conceived against the backdrop of early developments in this regard in the USA;the Canadian doctrine and law of the constitution deals with affirmative action as an exception to the prohibition of discrimination and does not favour private affirmative action programmes;the South African approach seeks on the one hand to promote equality as a near-absolute prohibition of discrimination, while on the other handaffirmative action is projected not as an exception to nondiscrimination, but as a means of achieving equality;whereas the identification of disadvantage in the USA and Canada tends to focus on discrete and insular minorities, the South African Constitution deals with an obvious reality of past disadvantage of a substantial majority, thus probably giving preferential programmes in South Africa a different character. It is concluded that "comparing with values" has, at the very least, the potential of revealing which foreign sources can justifiably be used locally as authoritative or pursuasive references, and which not.
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Kensler, Lisa A. W., and Cynthia L. Uline. "Educational restoration: a foundational model inspired by ecological restoration." International Journal of Educational Management 33, no. 6 (September 9, 2019): 1198–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-03-2018-0095.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to articulate, and advocate for, a deep shift in how the authors conceptualize and enact school leadership and reform. The authors challenge fundamental conceptions regarding educational systems and call for a dramatic shift from the factory model to a living systems model of schooling. The authors call is not a metaphorical call. The authors propose embracing assumptions grounded in the basic human nature as living systems. Green school leaders, practicing whole school sustainability, provide emerging examples of educational restoration. Design/methodology/approach School reform models have implicitly and even explicitly embraced industrialized assumptions about students and learning. Shifting from the factory model of education to a living systems model of whole school sustainability requires transformational strategies more associated with nature and life than machines. Ecological restoration provides the basis for the model of educational restoration. Findings Educational restoration, as proposed here, makes nature a central player in the conversations about ecologies of learning, both to improve the quality of learning for students and to better align educational practice with social, economic and environmental needs of the time. Educational leaders at all levels of the educational system have critical roles to play in deconstructing factory model schooling and reform. The proposed framework for educational restoration raises new questions and makes these opportunities visible. Discussion of this framework begins with ecological circumstances and then addresses, values, commitment and judgments. Practical implications Educational restoration will affect every aspect of teaching, learning and leading. It will demand new approaches to leadership preparation. This new landscape of educational practice is wide open for innovative approaches to research, preparation and practice across the field of educational leadership. Originality/value The model of educational restoration provides a conceptual foundation for future research and leadership practice.
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Denburg, Avram E., Mita Giacomini, Wendy J. Ungar, and Julia Abelson. "The Moral Foundations of Child Health and Social Policies: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis." Children 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010043.
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Background: Allusions to the uniqueness and value of childhood abound in academic, lay, and policy discourse. However, little clarity exists on the values that guide child health and social policy-making. We review extant academic literature on the normative dimensions of child health and social policy to provide foundations for the development of child-focused public policies. Methods: We conducted a critical interpretive synthesis of academic literature on the normative dimensions of child health and social policy-making. We employed a social constructivist lens to interpret emergent themes. Political theory on the social construction of target populations served as a bridge between sociologies of childhood and public policy analysis. Results: Our database searches returned 14,658 unique articles; full text review yielded 72 relevant articles. Purposive sampling of relevant literature complemented our electronic searches, adding 51 original articles, for a total of 123 articles. Our analysis of the literature reveals three central themes: potential, rights, and risk. These themes retain relevance in diverse policy domains. A core set of foundational concepts also cuts across disciplines: well-being, participation, and best interests of the child inform debate on the moral and legal dimensions of a gamut of child social policies. Finally, a meta-theme of embedding encompasses the pervasive issue of a child’s place, in the family and in society, which is at the heart of much social theory and applied analysis on children and childhood. Conclusions: Foundational understanding of the moral language and dominant policy frames applied to children can enrich analyses of social policies for children. Most societies paint children as potent, vulnerable, entitled, and embedded. It is the admixture of these elements in particular policy spheres, across distinct places and times, that often determines the form of a given policy and societal reactions to it. Subsequent work in this area will need to detail the degree and impact of variance in the values mix attached to children across sociocultural contexts and investigate tensions between what are and what ought to be the values that guide social policy development for children.
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Fang, Chou, Hoang, and Lee. "Automatic Management and Monitoring of Bridge Lifting: A Method of Changing Engineering in Real-Time." Sensors 19, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 5293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235293.
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In recent years, owing to the increase of extreme climate events due to global climate change, the foundational erosion of old bridges has become increasingly serious. When typhoons have approached, bridge foundations have been broken due to the insufficient bearing capacity of the bridge column. The bridge bottoming method involves rebuilding the lower structure while keeping the bridge surface open, and transferring the load of the bridge temporarily to the temporary support frame to remove the bridge base or damaged part with insufficient strength. This is followed by replacing the removed bridge base with a new bridge foundation that meets the requirements of flood and earthquake resistance. Meanwhile, monitoring plans should be coordinated during construction using the bottoming method to ensure the safety of the bridge. In the case of this study, the No. 3 line Wuxi Bridge had a maximum bridge age of 40 years, where the maximum exposed length of the foundation was up to 7.5 m, resulting in insufficient flood and earthquake resistance. Consequently, a reconstruction plan was carried out on this bridge. This study took the reconstruction of Wuxi Bridge as the object and established a finite element model using the SAP 2000 computer software based on the secondary reconstruction design of the Wuxi Bridge. The domestic bridge design specification was used as the basis for the static and dynamic analyses of the Wuxi Bridge model. As a result of the analysis, the management value of the monitoring instrument during construction was determined. The calculated management values were compared with the monitoring data during the construction period to determine the rationality of the management values and to explore changes in the behavior of the old bridges and temporary support bridges.
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Rimoni, Fuapepe, Robyn Averill, and Ali Glasgow. "Service: A deeply meaningful value vital for Pacific learners." Set: Research Information for Teachers, no. 1 (June 4, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/set.0192.
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Service is a fundamental value for the teaching of Pacific-heritage learners. This article describes educators’ perspectives of the value of service, one of the values foundational to Tapasā. Findings from interviews, talanoa, and teaching observations show that service is demonstrated and nurtured differently by Pacific and non-Pacific educators, and therefore is experienced differently by Pacific-heritage learners, depending on who is teaching them. Ensuring service is strongly embedded in teaching involves demonstrating deep care for learners and holding high expectations while providing strong support.
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Whyle, Eleanor, and Jill Olivier. "Social values and health systems in health policy and systems research: a mixed-method systematic review and evidence map." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 6 (May 6, 2020): 735–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa038.
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Abstract Because health systems are conceptualized as social systems, embedded in social contexts and shaped by human agency, values are a key factor in health system change. As such, health systems software—including values, norms, ideas and relationships—is considered a foundational focus of the field of health policy and systems research (HPSR). A substantive evidence-base exploring the influence of software factors on system functioning has developed but remains fragmented, with a lack of conceptual clarity and theoretical coherence. This is especially true for work on ‘social values’ within health systems—for which there is currently no substantive review available. This study reports on a systematic mixed-methods evidence mapping review on social values within HPSR. The study reaffirms the centrality of social values within HPSR and highlights significant evidence gaps. Research on social values in low- and middle-income country contexts is exceedingly rare (and mostly produced by authors in high-income countries), particularly within the limited body of empirical studies on the subject. In addition, few HPS researchers are drawing on available social science methodologies that would enable more in-depth empirical work on social values. This combination (over-representation of high-income country perspectives and little empirical work) suggests that the field of HPSR is at risk of developing theoretical foundations that are not supported by empirical evidence nor broadly generalizable. Strategies for future work on social values in HPSR are suggested, including: countering pervasive ideas about research hierarchies that prize positivist paradigms and systems hardware-focused studies as more rigorous and relevant to policy-makers; utilizing available social science theories and methodologies; conceptual development to build common framings of key concepts to guide future research, founded on quality empirical research from diverse contexts; and using empirical evidence to inform the development of operationalizable frameworks that will support rigorous future research on social values in health systems.
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LAHEY, TIMOTHY, and WILLIAM NELSON. "A Dashboard to Improve the Alignment of Healthcare Organization Decisionmaking to Core Values and Mission Statement." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 29, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180119000884.
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Abstract:The mission and value statements of healthcare organizations serve as the foundational philosophy that informs all aspects of the organization. The ultimate goal is seamless alignment of values to mission in a way that colors the overall life and culture of the organization. However, full alignment between healthcare organizational values and mission in a fashion that influences the daily life and culture of healthcare organizations does not always occur. Grounded in the belief that a lack of organizational alignment to explicit organizational mission and value statements often stems from the failure to develop processes that enable realization of the leadership’s good intentions, the authors propose an organizational ethics dashboard to empower leaders of healthcare organizations to assess the adequacy of systems in place to support alignment with the stated ethical mission.
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Ikiua, Jay Hikuleo. "Pasifika pedagogies in an indigenous tertiary environment." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 30, no. 4 (June 17, 2019): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol30iss4id609.
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INTRODUCTION: This article examines how culturally appropriate teaching contributes to a positive learning experience for Pasifika students on the Bachelor of Bicultural Social Work degree programme at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa (TWoA), an indigenous tertiary institution in New Zealand dedicated to promoting access to education for Māori and others and delivering an educational experience based on indigenous principles and practice.APPROACH: Teaching in a social work programme is explored through the lens of the Kaupapa Wānanga framework and Ngā Ūara (values) that form the foundational ideology of TWoA. It draws on the personal experiences of a social services educator using culturally responsive pedagogies that embrace the unique links of Polynesia–Pasifika peoples. CONCLUSIONS:Culturally responsive pedagogy is vital for Pasifika students to feel valued and culturally connected.
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Kang, Sungwon, and David Garlan. "Architecture-Based Planning of Software Evolution." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 24, no. 02 (March 2014): 211–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194014500090.
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Software architecture allows us to make many decisions about a software system and analyze it even before it has been implemented, so as to make planned development possible. Similarly, architecture-based software evolution planning makes planned evolution possible by allowing us to make many decisions about the evolution of a software system and to analyze its evolution at the level of architecture design before software evolution is realized. In this paper, we develop a framework for architecture-based software evolution planning. It is done by defining various foundational terms and concepts, providing a taxonomy of software evolution plans, and then showing how to calculate values for various types of plans. By identifying and defining constituent foundational concepts, this conceptual framework makes precise the notion of "architecture-based software planning". By developing a value-calculation framework for software evolution plans, it also provides a basis for concrete methods for designing and evaluating evolution plans.
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Eise, Jessica. "428 Values and perception: communicating controversial issues in animal agriculture." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.144.
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Abstract Animal agriculture is an important component of global food security, with animal products serving as a foundational component of many American diets as well as playing a crucial role the sustainability of food production and environmental well-being. Yet animal welfare is one of the most contentious issues in the United States, producing heated, polarizing public debates. Meanwhile, national trends across all major issues demonstrate an increasing loss of common ground between political parties, with no indication of an imminent turnaround. The contentious nature of animal welfare and animal science public debates, as well as indications of increasing polarization across the nation, presents a worrisome dilemma in the face of a growing need to make meaningful societal progress around food security. Research has long demonstrated that contentious arguments, disdainful debates or reiteration of facts often backfire and cause people to double down on their beliefs, with extensive literature in psychology showing that humans are goal-directed information processors who tend to evaluate information with a directional bias toward reinforcing pre-existing views. In this article, I demonstrate how research on the role of values in risk perception can provide a helpful frame for building understanding between competing groups around contentious animal agriculture issues, inform more effective communication efforts and build potential for progress-oriented collaboration.
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Ben-Dror, Elad. ""We Were Getting Close to God, Not Deportees": The Expulsion to Marj al-Zuhur in 1992 as a Milestone in the Rise of Hamas." Middle East Journal 74, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/74.3.13.
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In December 1992, Israel deported hundreds of Hamas activists to Lebanon. The deportees ensconced themselves at a camp near the village of Marj al-Zuhur, close to the Israeli border. Their sojourn there bolstered Hamas and became a milestone in its development. This article shows how the deportees' success in running the camp as an exemplary Islamic society turned the deportation into a foundational myth for the movement, one centered on nonviolent resistance in the spirit of Islamic values.
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Mead, Jenna. "Reading By Said's Lantern: Orientalism and Chaucer's Treatise On the Astrolabe." Medieval Encounters 5, no. 3 (1999): 350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006799x00123.
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AbstractThis paper takes Edward Said's foundational critique of western discourses of knowledge about the orient as a way of intervening in the tradition of reading Chaucer's only scientific text, The Treatise on the Astrolabe. I argue for recognizing the "color" of Chaucer's originary text of "Messahala, an Arabian astronomer, by religion a Jew", and against naturalizing the Treatise as an "unmarked white" text. My argument is that there are cultural and political values at stake in Chaucer's pedagogical text.
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Leung, Timothy L. Y., and William J. Knottenbelt. "Comparative Evaluation of Independent Private Values Distributions on Internet Auction Performance." International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeei.2012010105.
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The Independent Private Values (IPV) model is foundational for the analysis of Internet auction performance and is widely used in the study of auction behaviour. The characteristics of this model include the assumptions of privacy and independence where the value of the commodity in question is private to the individual buyers, and that different buyers do not know the values other buyers attached to the commodity. In addition, these values are drawn from a common distribution which is known to the buyers. In probabilistic terms, this essentially amounts to a series of values which are independent and identically distributed. The features and characteristics of the IPV distribution will have a significant impact on auction behaviour, and since a general stochastic analysis of their impact is analytically intractable, here auction performance is studied using an auction process simulator. Both hard close and soft close Internet auctions are studied. In addition, Vickrey auctions and auction mechanisms with multiple bid acceptance are compared and evaluated. From experimental findings, the paper establishes quantitative relationships between the different auction process parameters, deploy suitable IPV distributions to model the characteristics of different communities of bidders, provide suggestions for optimising auction performance, and recommend strategies for efficient auction design.
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Wen, Shuangge, and Jingchen Zhao. "The Commons, the Common Good and Extraterritoriality: Seeking Sustainable Global Justice through Corporate Responsibility." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 14, 2020): 9475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229475.
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Despite their laudable intent, extraterritorial legal initiatives to promote corporate sustainability development have not been well received in practice, and are often seen as a window-dressing exercise. This article aims to conduct a conceptual and doctrinal analysis, offering a theoretical foundation that interprets corporate extraterritorial legislative attempts as legitimate in the context of globalisation, using the lens of “the commons” and “the common good”. We try to link the values and dimensions of “the commons” to the goals of corporate extraterritorial legislation, so that lawmaking attempts with extraterritorial reach will gain additional foundational support and achieve more effective and better controlled compliance. In particular, the article makes an original attempt to justify and develop a new notion, namely “the extraterritorial commons”. This notion is in harmony with, rather than contradicting, progressive legal attempts to address the mismatching and conflicting nature of the relationship between the traditional voluntarism of corporate extraterritorial responsibilities, particularly in relation to sustainability issues, and global trends towards more regulation in this area.
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Rajan-Brown, Nicole, and Allison Mitchell. "The NMC Code and its application to the role of the midwife in antenatal care: a student perspective." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.12.844.
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The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code provides the foundational ‘values and principles’ a midwife should follow throughout their practice. This article discusses the application of the four pillars of the Code – prioritise people, practice effectively, preserve safety, and promote leadership and trust – to the role of the midwife in antenatal care. In providing holistic care facilitated through communication, a midwife can demonstrate advocacy, accountability, competency and leadership to provide quality, safe care to women. However, following the Code is not always straightforward; organisational demands are often in opposition with NMC values. This article discusses the midwife's duty to reconcile these juxtapositions, fulfilling the needs of their employer whilst upholding the requirements of the professional body.
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Braun, Barry, Nancy I. Williams, Carol Ewing Garber, and Matthew Hickey. "“Core Stability”: Should There Be a Bigger Focus on Foundational Skills in the Kinesiology Curriculum?" Kinesiology Review 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2018-0033.
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As the discipline of kinesiology ponders what should compose a kinesiology curriculum, it is worth considering the broad context. What is our responsibility to imbue students with values, viewpoint, and a vocabulary that facilitates their success in a context greater than our discipline? How do we decide what those things are (e.g., professional integrity, analytical thinking, cultural understanding, social responsibility, problem solving, leadership and engaged citizenship, effective communication, working collaboratively, preparation for lifelong learning)? How do we create a curriculum that provides sufficient understanding of disciplinary knowledge and critically important foundational skills? The purpose of this paper is to provide a jumping-off point for deeper discussion of what our students need most and how we can deliver it.
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Panksepp, Jaak. "On the animalian values of the human spirit: the foundational role of affect in psychotherapy and the evolution of consciousness." European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling 5, no. 3 (September 2002): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1364253031000091408.
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Jull, Janet E. G., and Audrey R. Giles. "Health Equity, Aboriginal Peoples and Occupational Therapy." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 79, no. 2 (April 2012): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2012.79.2.2.
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Background. In Canada, Aboriginal peoples are affected by colonial relations of power that result in poor health outcomes. Despite occupational therapists' efforts to work in a safe and competent manner with people experiencing challenges to participating in daily life, Western healthcare models reflect values that often undermine Aboriginal peoples' health and well-being. Purpose. Meaningful, effective, and culturally appropriate healthcare practices cannot be fully implemented by occupational therapists without an ongoing and critical examination of occupational therapy's foundational belief systems. Only a critical examination of these foundational belief systems will enable occupational therapists to take action towards addressing these inequities, which is an important step in moving towards culturally safe care. Key Issues. Canadian health professions, including occupational therapy, have the potential to create positive change at a systems level through the critical exploration of underlying professional assumptions. Implications. To advance dialogue about Aboriginal peoples' health, occupational therapists must engage in exploration of their profession's underlying theoretical concepts or risk participating in the perpetuation of health inequities for already at-risk populations.
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Ellis, Robert R. "The hope of a biblical imagination: A sermonic reflection on Genesis 1:1–3, 26–31 and Colossians 1:15–20, 25–27." Review & Expositor 114, no. 2 (May 2017): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637317705105.
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Imagination is a powerful shaper of our values and of the way we interact within our contexts. We instinctively form an imagination about the nature of the world, of God, of other people, and of our own selves. A variety of influences offer to shape the foundational imagination out of which we engage the world. In Scripture, we find generative images for creating a worldview that bends Godward. This sermonic reflection explores three overarching images for shaping a biblical imagination: Generous Creation, Redemptive Incarnation, and Compassionate Reconciliation.
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Casper, Jonathan M., and Michael E. Pfahl. "Environmental Behavior Frameworks of Sport and Recreation Undergraduate Students." Sport Management Education Journal 6, no. 1 (October 2012): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/smej.6.1.8.
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This study examined the values, beliefs, and norms of undergraduate sport management and recreation administration student’s related to environmental awareness and personal actions utilizing Stern’s (2000) value-belief-norm (VBN) framework. Students (N = 341) in sport-related programs at two universities completed the survey. Structural equation modeling found the VBN framework explained both personal and organizational environmental behavior. Values were a significant predictor of environmental beliefs. Beliefs significantly explained personal norms, but not behavior. Personal norms were the strongest indicator for proenvironmental action and predicted personal and organizational conservation behavior equally. This study extends research related to environmental behavior and provides a departure point to improve understandings of the current foundational environmental perspectives held by future sport and recreation managers.
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Machaj, Łukasz. "Doktrynalna legitymizacja idei wolności słowa." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 109 (November 8, 2017): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.109.16.
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DOCTRINAL JUSTIFICATIONS OF THE FREEDOM OF SPEECHFreedom of speech is one of the foundational values of contemporary liberal and democratic systems. The article analyzes four most important doctrinal justifications for extending afar-reaching protection for expression. First, respect for free speech is alogical corollary and consequence of respecting individual dignity and liberty. Second, free market of ideas is the best way of attaining truth and fostering healthy public debate. Third, freedom of speech is an indispensable condition of democratic political system. Fourth, respecting free speech helps create tolerant and open-minded society.
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Malleson, Tom. "Should Democracy Work through Elections or Sortition?" Politics & Society 46, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329218789891.
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Are democratic ideals better served by elections or sortition? Is the ideal national legislature one that is elected, chosen by lot, or some combination thereof? To answer these questions properly, it is necessary to perform a careful, balanced, and systematic comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of each. To do so, this article uses foundational democratic values—political equality, popular control, deliberative nature, and competency—as measuring sticks. On the basis of these values a purely elected legislature is compared with a purely sortition one, on the assumption that each has the full decision-making powers normally possessed by national legislatures. This big picture will provide a clearer view of the strengths and weaknesses of the respective systems and their trade-offs, as well as the open questions that remain.
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Carleo III, Robert Anthony. "Confucian Post-Liberalism." Asian Studies 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2020.8.1.147-165.
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This paper reviews parallel attacks on the ethical basis of liberal principles from within and without that tradition, one the Confucian-Kantian perspective of contemporary philosopher Li Zehou 李澤厚 and the other the un-Kantian “post-liberalism” of John Gray. Both reject foundational claims regarding the universality of liberal values and principles while still affirming the universal value of those principles via their practical function in fostering for human flourishing. I point out that Gray’s anti-foundationalist liberalism not only aligns with the Confucian elements of Li Zehou’s theory, but may even be enriched by them.
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Erlingsson, Gissur Ó., and Jörgen Ödalen. "A Normative Theory of Local Government: Connecting Individual Autonomy and Local Self-Determination with Democracy." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/15.2.329-342(2017).
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The issue of local government reform is high on the agenda in many developed democracies. The discussion is often framed in narrow terms, focusing on functional efficiency. In this article, we construct a normative argument for local government that values local government because it fulfills morally desirable purposes in itself, regardless of its functional efficiency. The argument is that the same foundational value – individual autonomy – constitutes the normative underpinning of both democracy and the right to local self-government. The implication is that if we value democracy, we must defend a strong and constitutionally protected local government.
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Stumpf, Steven H., and Simon J. Shapiro. "Bilateral Integrative Medicine, Obviously." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 3, no. 2 (2006): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nel027.
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Unstated and unacknowledged bias has a profound impact on the nature and implementation of integrative education models. Integrative education is the process of training conventional biomedical and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in each tradition such that patient care may be effectively coordinated. A bilateral education model ensures that students in each tradition are cross-taught by experts from the ‘other’ tradition, imparting knowledge and values in unison. Acculturation is foundational to bilateral integrative medical education and practice. Principles are discussed for an open-minded bilateral educational model that can result in a new generation of integrative medicine teachers.
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García, Alexandra A., Julie A. Zuñiga, and Czarina Lagon. "A Personal Touch: The Most Important Strategy for Recruiting Latino Research Participants." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 28, no. 4 (April 25, 2016): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659616644958.
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People from non-White racial groups and other underserved populations, including Latinos, are frequently reluctant to participate in research. Yet their participation into research is foundational to producing information that researchers and health care providers need to address health disparities. The purpose of this article is to describe challenges we have encountered along with culturally relevant strategies we used in five research studies to recruit Mexican American participants from community settings, some of whom were also of low socioeconomic status. We found that the most effective recruitment strategies reflect the common cultural values of personalismo, simpátia, confianza, respeto, and familismo.
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Monaghan, Thomas F., Syed N. Rahman, Christina W. Agudelo, Alan J. Wein, Jason M. Lazar, Karel Everaert, and Roger R. Dmochowski. "Foundational Statistical Principles in Medical Research: A Tutorial on Odds Ratios, Relative Risk, Absolute Risk, and Number Needed to Treat." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 5669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115669.
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Evidence-based medicine is predicated on the integration of best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to inform care. In medical research, several distinct measures are commonly used to describe the associations between variables, and a sound understanding of these pervasive measures is foundational in the clinician’s ability to interpret, synthesize, and apply available evidence from the medical literature. Accordingly, this article aims to provide an educational tutorial/topic primer on some of the most ubiquitous measures of association and risk quantification in medical research, including odds ratios, relative risk, absolute risk, and number needed to treat, using several real-world examples from the medical literature.
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Baba, Unaisi Nabobo. "Dei! Me da dei ena noda yavu ni bula (Strong! Let us be firm on our foundational values and philosophies of life)." Waikato Journal of Education 26 (July 5, 2021): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/wje.v26i1.839.
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Tenen, Levi. "No Intrinsic Value? No Problem." Environmental Ethics 42, no. 2 (2020): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics2020111312.
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Heirlooms and memorabilia are sometimes thought to be valuable for their own sakes even if they lack intrinsic value. They can have extrinsic final value, meaning that they can be valuable for their own sakes on account of their relation to other things. Yet if heirlooms and memorabilia can have this sort of value, then perhaps so can natural entities. If correct, this idea secures the claim that nature is valuable for its own sake without requiring that it have a normative property just in itself. Additionally, it does not commit one to the contentious view that natural entities have a more foundational value than that of persons or sentient beings. Yet it remains to be shown how, precisely, natural entities can have this sort of value. As argued here, one such way is if the given natural entity is related to something else that people are justified in valuing in a partly passive manner. This account then sheds light on the values present in a world increasingly affected by humans.
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Wiley, Lindsay F. "Deregulation, Distrust, and Democracy: State and Local Action to Ensure Equitable Access to Healthy, Sustainably Produced Food." American Journal of Law & Medicine 41, no. 2-3 (May 2015): 284–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858815591519.
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Environmental, public health, alternative food, and food justice advocates are working together to achieve incremental agricultural subsidy and nutrition assistance reforms that increase access to fresh fruits and vegetables. When it comes to targeting food and beverage products for increased regulation and decreased consumption, however, the priorities of various food reform movements diverge. This article argues that foundational legal issues, including preemption of state and local authority to protect the public's health and welfare, increasing First Amendment protection for commercial speech, and eroding judicial deference to legislative policy judgments, present a more promising avenue for collaboration across movements than discrete food reform priorities around issues like sugary drinks, genetic modification, or organics. Using the Vermont Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Labeling Act litigation, the Kauai GMO Cultivation Ordinance litigation, the New York City Sugary Drinks Portion Rule litigation, and the Cleveland Trans Fat Ban litigation as case studies, I discuss the foundational legal challenges faced by diverse food reformers, even when their discrete reform priorities diverge. I also explore the broader implications of cooperation among groups that respond differently to the “irrationalities” (from the public health perspective) or “values” (from the environmental and alternative food perspective) that permeate public risk perception for democratic governance in the face of scientific uncertainty.
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Donohue-Porter, Patricia. "Creating a Culture of Shared Governance Begins With Developing the Nurse as Scholar." Creative Nursing 18, no. 4 (2012): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.18.4.160.
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The relationship between shared governance and nursing scholarship is investigated with an emphasis on the connection between stages of scholarly development and nursing action in the evolution of professional practice models. The scholarly image of nursing is described and four critical stages of scholarship (scholarly inquiry, conscious reflection, persistent critique, and intellectual creation) are presented. The development of nursing scholars is described with emphasis on intellectual virtues as described by philosophers and values as described by nursing theorists that are foundational to this process. Shared governance is viewed holistically as a true scholarly process when these elements are in place and are used by nurses.