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1
Clardy, Alan. "The ontological foundation for studying the future." foresight 22, no. 5/6 (July 29, 2020): 653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-02-2020-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an ontological foundation for future studies, based in part on integrating some prior albeit incomplete work in this area. Design/methodology/approach This manuscript is based on a literature review, as well as on conceptual and theoretical enhancements from this subject field. Findings As the future does not exist (it is always something yet to come), the ontological foundations for studying the future must be based on the current reality of the physical, biological and social-psychological worlds of experience and ideas. From this basis, 10 postulates are provided that are based on that current reality and are applied to studying the future. Thus, by characterizing the current reality and how it is understood by people, meaningful statements about the future are possible. Practical implications For each ontological postulate, one or more implications for the study of the future are provided as guidelines for practice. Originality/value This manuscript integrates and builds on prior offerings about ontological concerns into a comprehensive framework that legitimates and focuses the practices of studying the future.
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Renwick, J. "Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 378. Edited by Anthony Strugnell. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. 326 pp. Hb 55.00." French Studies 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/56.1.101.
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Grange, J. "Les Interpretations de Condorcet. By Jean-Pierre Schandeler. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2000. Pb 45.00; $70.00." French Studies 55, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.3.397.
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Leigh, J. "Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 358. Edited by Anthony Strugnell. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1997. 266 pp., 6 b[amp ]w plates." French Studies 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.1.95.
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Goodden, A. "Jean-Jacques Rousseau et la lecture. Edited by Tanguy L'Aminot. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. 360 pp." French Studies 55, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.2.248.
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Lurbe, P. "John Toland: Nazarenus. Edited by JustinChampion. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. x+334 pp. Pb 25; $40; 250 F." French Studies 54, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/54.4.512.
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Adams, D. J. "Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 371. Edited by Anthony Strugnell. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. viii+343 pp., 19 b[amp ]w plates. Hb 75.00." French Studies 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.1.96.
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Riviere, M. S. "La Bible dans la correspondance de Voltaire. By Francois Bessire. (Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 367). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. 346 pp. Hb 55.00." French Studies 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.1.98.
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Baker, F. "Circles of Learning: Narratology and the Eighteenth-Century French Novel. By Jenny Mander. (Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 366). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation. 1999. viii+232 pp." French Studies 54, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/54.2.219.
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Rapport, M. "The Darnton Debate: Books and Revolution in the Eighteenth Century. Edited by Haydn T. Mason. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. ix+305 pp." French Studies 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.1.97.
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McBride, R. "Voltaire: The Complete Works of Voltaire. Volume 9. 1732-1733. Edited by Haydn Mason. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. 531 pp. Hb 95.00." French Studies 55, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.3.392.
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Fowler, J. E. "Le Temps et l'espace dans les romans de Diderot. By Jean Terrasse. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. xii+180 pp. Hb 45.00; 450F." French Studies 55, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.3.395.
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Culpin, D. J. "Charles-Francois Pannard et l'esthetique du 'petit'. By Nathalie Rizzoni. (SVEC 2000:01). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2000. x+526 pp. Pb 65.00." French Studies 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/56.1.96.
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Doyle, W. "L'Annonce et la nouvelle: la presse d'information en France sous l'ancien regime (1630-1788). By Gilles Feyel. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation. 2000. vii+1387 pp. Hb 120.00." French Studies 55, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.3.383.
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Doyle, W. "A Political Academy in Paris, 1724-1731: The Entresol and its Members. By Nick Childs. (SVEC 2000:10). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2000. xi+289 pp. Pb 55.00." French Studies 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/56.1.95.
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Calder, M. "L'Antiquite et le christianisme dans la pensee de Jean'Jacques Rousseau. By Yves Touchefeu. (Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 372). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. 704 pp." French Studies 55, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.2.248-a.
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Williams, D. "Religions en transition dans la seconde moitie du XVIIIe siecle. Textes presentes par Louis Chatellier (SVEC, 2000: 02). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2000. 300 pp. 4 plates. Pb 40.00; $65.00." French Studies 55, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.4.547.
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Dubois, E. "De l'Humanisme aux Lumieres: Bayle et le protestantisme. Melanges en l'honneur d'Elisabeth Labrousse. Edited by Michelle Magdelaine, Maria-Cristina Pitassi, Ruth Whelan and Antony McKenna. Paris, Universitas--Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1996. 742 pp." French Studies 54, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/54.3.367.
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Sonenscher, M. "Naissance et developpement du vitalisme en France de la deuxieme moitie du 18e siecle a la fin du Premier Empire. By Roselyne Rey. (Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 381). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2000. xii+472 pp. Hb 80.00." French Studies 55, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.4.548.
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Thomson, A. "Cesar Chesneau Du Marsais: Examen de la religion ou Doutes sur la religion dont on cherche l'eclaircissement de bonne foi. Introduction et edition critique par Gianluca Mori. (Libre pensee et litterature clandestine, 7). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1998. 400 pp." French Studies 54, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/54.3.368.
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Goulbourne, R. "Voltaire: Anti-Machiavel. Edition critique par Werner Bahner et Helga Bergmann. (The Complete Works of Voltaire, 19. General Editor: Ulla Kolving). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1996. xxiii+523 pp." French Studies 54, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/54.3.370-a.
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Dunkley, J. "A propos des ecrits sur le theatre au dix-huitieme siecle. By Claude Jaeckle- Plunian. From Beaumarchais to Chenier: The Droits d'auteur and the Fall of the Comedie-Francaise, 1777-1791. By Sean McMeekin. (Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 373). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1999. 371 pp." French Studies 55, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/55.2.246.
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Astbury, K. "Femmes en toutes lettres: les epistolieres du XVIIIe siecle. Ed. by Marie-France Silver and Marie-Laure Girou Swiderski. (SVEC 2000:4). Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2000. xiii+277 pp. Pb 40.00; $65.00; 400 F." French Studies 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/56.1.94-a.
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Davies, S. "Madame de Graffigny: Correspondance. Tome vi. 25 octobre 1744-10 septembre 1745. Lettres 761-896. Prepare par Pierre Bouillaguet, Judith Curtis et J. A. Dainard avec la collaboration de M.-P. DuCretet-Powell, English Showalter et David Smith. Directeur de l'edition, J. A. Dainard. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 2000. xx+638 pp. Hb 95.00." French Studies 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/56.1.98.
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Davies, S. "Madame de Graffigny: Correspondance. Tome v. Le 3 janvier 1744-21 octobre 1744. Lettres 636-760. Prepare par Judith Curtis avec la collaboration de P. Bouillaguet, J.-A. Dainard, M.-P. Ducretet-Powell, English Showalter et D. W. Smith. Directeur de l'Edition, J. A. Dainard. Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 1997. xix+578 pp. Hb 80.00." French Studies 54, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/54.3.372.
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Wang, Mei, Liu, Li, Zhang, Wang, Geng, Dai, and Zhang. "Chemical Constituent Profiling of Paecilomyces cicadae Liquid Fermentation for Astragli Radix." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 14, 2019): 2948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162948.
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Astragli Radix (AR) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines with chemical constituents including flavonoids and saponins. As recently evidenced, some fungi or their fermentation liquid may have the potential to affect the bioactive constituents and different pharmacological effects of AR. Thus, the composition of fermented AR (FAR) produced by Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel) Samson in liquid-state fermentation was investigated using a UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer in both positive and negative ion modes. Firstly, the MSn data sets were obtained based on a data-dependent acquisition method and a full scan–parent ions list–dynamic exclusion (FS-PIL-DE) strategy. Then, diagnostic product ions (DPIs) and neutral loss fragments (NLFs) were proposed for better constituent detection and structural characterization. Consequently, 107 constituents in total, particularly microconstituents in FAR and AR, were characterized and compared in parallel on the same LTQ–Orbitrap instrument. Our results indicated that AR fermentation with Paecilomyces significantly influenced the production of saponins and flavonoids, especially increasing the content of astragaloside IV. In conclusion, this research was not only the first to show changes in the chemical components of unfermented AR and FAR, but it also provides a foundation for further studies on the chemical interaction between microbiota and AR.
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Arvidsson, Niklas. "A study of turbulence in the Swedish payment system – is there a way forward?" Foresight 16, no. 5 (September 2, 2014): 462–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-06-2013-0024.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand turbulence in the field of payments in Europe and which future challenges this bring. The objective is to enable actors – industrial as well as policy-making agencies – to avoid becoming passive and reluctant to take needed steps that may realize a new playing field for payments. Design/methodology/approach – The article uses scenario analysis methodology to propose a way forward if the field of payments is to move away from turbulence and instead embrace renewal. It is based on a literature study, interviews and workshops. Findings – This article discusses and shows how the payment system is in a state of turbulence, which in itself, may become a self-reinforcing negative process. The seemingly rational competitive actions that firms take in this situation may make the situation worse. The article also outlines critical action that must be taken to avoid this negative process. Research limitations/implications – There is a need for research that integrates studies on innovation and renewal in the critical industries – banking, telecom and the system driving industries – to improve our understanding of possible synergies and/or obstacles to integrated, cross-industry innovation efforts. Such insights may also lay the foundation for the creation of a way to overcome turbulence. Practical implications – The article advocates the need that critical actors collaborate to develop a new understanding – or common ground – of a future payment system. This will serve as a tool to identify obstacles and challenges, develop action and formulate agendas for different actors in and around the system. Based on the new common ground, actors are then free to formulate their own strategic agendas in a new competitive landscape in the field of payments. Social implications – If the turbulence is to be avoided, national governments in the euro area and the European Union Commission must work hard to avoid national exemptions and adaptations (often caused by strong lobbying by companies from each country in question). Innovation agencies must work so as to stimulate renewal. Another task could be to educate consumers on the social and economic benefits of moving away from a cash-based payment system. Originality/value – The originality of this paper is to test the idea that turbulence and the consequential inertia in the payment system is a result of the institutional set-up of the industry. In addition, the article uses causal texture theory and scenario analysis to understand turbulence and inertia in the payment system. This has, to my knowledge, not been done before.
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Dolinska, Monika, Johannis Klang, Pingnan Xiao, Andranik Durgaryan, Lakshmi Sandhow, Anne-Sofie Johansson, Makoto Kondo, et al. "Phenotypic and Functional Alterations of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2398.2398.
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Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative stem cell neoplasm characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Although current treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has dramatically improved the prognosis of CML, these inhibitors do not eradicate leukemic stem cells (LSC) in most patients with the risk of recurrence of leukemia if TKI are stopped. In vitro studies have suggested that this might be attributable to protection of bone marrow (BM) stromal cells, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, how different BM stromal cells contribute to the persistence of LSC remains largely unknown. To investigate this issue we have compared freshly isolated BM stromal cell subsets including MSCs from newly diagnosed CML patients (n=10) with that from age-matched healthy donors (n=12). Distinct from the previous studies on culture-selected BM stromal cells, the naive stromal cells isolated by multi-color fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) were phenotypically, molecularly and functionally characterized in the present study. We observed: 1) Similar to the immunophenotype of normal MSCs (CD45-CD235a-CD31-CD44-, most of which were CD271+CD146+CD106+) (Qian et al., JBC, 2012), the CML MSCs, estimated by colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F), were also enriched in the CD45-CD235a-CD31-CD44- cell fraction. 2) The frequency of CFU-Fs was significantly increased in CML BM compared to that in the age-matched healthy controls (p=0.005). 3) A decreased osteogenic, but enhanced adipogenic differentiation potential of CML MSC was revealed in multilineage differentiation assay. This suggests a skewed differentiation potential of the CML MSCs towards adipocytes, possibly related to an altered stromal cell composition in the patients; 4) An increased proportion of CD31+ endothelial cells was seen in CML BM stroma compared to controls (p=0.023) by FACS. 5) An upregulation of the adhesion receptor integrin α4/CD49D was seen in the CD44- MSCs from CML patients (p=0.0087). Conversely, a downregulation of transcripts of Angiopoietin 1, CXCL12, KIT ligand and LAMA4 in the patient MSCs was detected by Quantitative-PCR, indicating an altered hematopoiesis-supportive function of CML MSCs. 6) Importantly, no BCR-ABL fusion were found in the freshly sorted MSCs and mature stromal cells using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization analysis, suggesting that these MSCs were not part of the leukemic clone. Taken together, our data provide evidence for phenotypic and functional alterations of BM mesenchymal cells in CML patients. The functional relationship between the stromal cell alterations and the growth of LSC as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently under investigation. Disclosures Mustjoki: Finnish Cancer Institute: Research Funding; Sigrid Juselius Foundation: Research Funding; Academy of Finland: Research Funding; the Finnish Cancer Societies: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation: Research Funding.
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RICKARD, P. "Review. Foundations of French Syntax. Jones, Michael Allan." French Studies 51, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/51.4.543.
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Cardinal, R. "Review: Poeticized Language: The Foundations of Contemporary French Poetry." French Studies 56, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/56.3.436.
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Szewc, Fernanda, Longzhen Song, Sean Rinella, Christopher Dubay, Emmanuel Akporiaye, William Redmond, and Christian Capitini. "560 Alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid induces apoptosis of murine rhabdomyosarcoma in vitro while modulating innate and adaptive immune responses in vivo." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0560.
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BackgroundRelapsed pediatric sarcomas have a poor prognosis with no available curative options. Alpha-Tocopheryloxyacetic acid (a-TEA) is a redox-silent analog of alpha-tocopherol that induces apoptotic and immunogenic cell death of tumor cells at doses that are not harmful to healthy normal cells. In a first-in-human clinical trial, a-TEA was well tolerated in adults with advanced solid tumors (NCT02192346), but has not yet been studied in pediatric sarcoma. We used a murine model of rhabdomyosarcoma (M3-9-M RMS) to assess the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of a-TEA.MethodsIn vitro studies were performed on the M3-9-M RMS cell line to measure a-TEA-mediated apoptosis using flow cytometry (Annexin V+/7AAD+ cells) and live cell imaging (Annexin V+ cells). In vivo studies involved orthotopic implantation of luciferase+ M3-9-M tumor cells into syngeneic C57BL/6 recipients. Once tumors were palpable, mice were randomized to a control diet or a-TEA-supplemented chow for 21 days and evaluated for bioluminescence, tumor growth and overall survival. Gene expression of tumor-infiltrating and splenic T cells were analyzed by bulk RNA-Seq and flow cytometry respectively.ResultsM3-9-M RMS treatment with 2.5–100 uM a-TEA induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner within 24 hours (p < 0.05) as measured by flow cytometry and live cell imaging. In-vivo studies with the M3-9-M RMS mouse model showed that recipients of a-TEA chow had 30–40% reduced tumor growth (p<0.01) and bioluminescence (p<0.05), leading to prolonged survival (> 4 weeks) compared to recipients of matched control chow (p<0.05). Spleen cells isolated from a-TEA-fed tumor-bearing mice demonstrated increased levels of IFN??+ cells, CD4+ T-cells, Ki-67 proliferation, and decrease in splenic CD11b+ arginase-1+ (p<0.01) and PD-L1+ cells (p<0.05) compared to their counterparts on the control diet. Gene set enrichment analyses of excised RMS tumors after a-TEA treatment revealed increased gene expression of CD24, EP300, CXCR4, and c-Jun as compared to tumors from mice fed control chow.ConclusionsThese data indicate that a-TEA mediates apoptosis of RMS in vitro and suppresses in vivo tumor growth, leading to prolonged survival likely via enhanced activation of adaptive immunity through CD4+ T cells and suppression of innate immunity through regulation of myeloid cell subsets. Furthermore, a-TEA may have direct effects on tumor cell proliferation through EP300 and c-Jun as well as indirect effects on tumor growth by regulation of immune cell recruitment through CD24 and CXCR4 gene expression. Administration of a-TEA as a potential salvage treatment for RMS is warranted.AcknowledgementsThe study was supported by NIH TL1 TR002375 (FS), St. Baldrick’s Stand up to Cancer (SU2C) Pediatric Dream Team Translational Research Grant SU2C-AACR-DT-27-17, NIH/NCI R01 CA215461, American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant RSG- 18-104-01-LIB, and the Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer (MACC) Fund (CMC). SU2C is a division of the Entertainment Industry Foundation. Research grants are administered by the American Association for Cancer Research, the scientific partner of SU2C. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US government.Ethics ApprovalThe University of Wisconsin-Madison Animal Care and Use Committee approved all protocols (M005915).
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Frey, Mattias. "The Recalcitrant Discipline." Film Studies 12, no. 1 (2015): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.12.0003.
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This article addresses the current state of film studies as a discipline, profession and institution, arguing that the hunt for cultural authority has been the defining feature, motivating force and tragic flaw of film studies. The current self-reflexive soul- searching reveals that the field – no longer a radical upstart – still lacks the gravitas of more established subjects. Departments have responded to identity crises and changing enrolment patterns by mummifying, killing off or burying foundational emphases. The nostalgia for film studies origins and the jeremiads about an unmanageable, unruly and recalcitrant discipline yield rose-tinted fantasies about community and mutual intelligibility that must be ultimately resisted.
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Fuica, Beatriz Tadeo. "The Foundational Manifesto of New Argentine Cinema? Israel Adrián Caetanos ‘Agustín Tosco Propaganda‘ (1995)." Film Studies 16, no. 1 (2017): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.16.0007.
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Agustín Tosco Propaganda was published in the Argentine film journal El Amante Cine. It was written by Israel Adrián Caetano before his film Pizza, Beer and Cigarettes (Caetano and Stagnaro, 1998) triggered the concept of New Argentine Cinema. In this provocative text, Caetano criticised the way Argentine cinema had usually been made and, in a form of manifesto, he presented the principles that his own films – and those of many other young directors – have followed since then. Although New Argentine Cinema has been thoroughly studied in the English-speaking academia, only a few authors have made reference to this seminal text. Being aware of the principles set in this manifesto more than twenty years ago will help researchers and students understand some important features that tend to be overlooked when exploring not only Argentinean cinema, but also many other cinemas of the region.
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Gunawan, Tomy, Alfred Jonathan S, and Ali Iskandar. "ANALISIS PENURUNAN PADA TIMBUNAN DENGAN PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN (PVD) MENGGUNAKAN DATA HASIL UJI CPTu." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v3i1.7046.
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Investigation of soil is important to do in the planning of building construction such as foundations, piles, roads, etc. To find out the bearing capacity and parameters of the soil where a building will be built. Investigation of the soil can be done in various ways, one of which uses an electrical cone penetration test with pore water pressure. In the embankment project for the calculations on the soil so that it can be known about the settlement in soil and the length of time it reaches the hydrostatic level. Cone penetraton test is reqired and the results produce data in the form of cone resistance (qc), blanket friction (fs) and pore pressure (u) which will be processed in the CPET-IT program in order to produce soil parameters that will be used for soil settlement analysis. To find out the settlement of embankment soil, it will be supported by finite difference program. Results of studies on general is to find the effectiveness of embankment using prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) and without prefabricated vertical drain (PVD).AbstrakPenyelidikan terhadap tanah penting untuk dilakukan pada perencanaan konstruksi bangunan seperti pondasi, timbunan, jalan, dll. Untuk mengetahui daya dukung dan parameter-parameter tanah tempat akan dibangunnya sebuah bangunan Penyelidikan tanah dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai macam cara salah satunya adalah menggunakan uji sondir elektrik dengan tekanan air pori. Pada proyek timbunan memerlukan perhitungan pada tanahnya agar dapat diketahui besarnya penurunan pada tanah dan lama waktu tanah mencapai keadaan hidrostatis. Sehingga dilakukan uji sondir secara elektrik dan dari hasil uji sondir menghasilkan data berupa tahanan konus (qc), gesekan selimut (fs) dan pore pressure (u) yang akan diolah kedalam program CPET-IT agar menghasilkan parameter-parameter tanah yang akan digunakan untuk analisis penurunan pada tanah.Untuk mengetahui besarnya penurunan pada tanah timbunan maka akan dibantu program berbasis elemen higga. Hasil studi secara umum menunjukkan seberapa besar efektivitas pada timbunan dengan menggunakan prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) dan tanpa prefabricated vertical drain (PVD).
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Dorr, Adam. "Technology blindness and temporal imprecision: rethinking the long term in an era of accelerating technological change." Foresight 18, no. 4 (August 8, 2016): 391–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-11-2015-0049.
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Purpose Contemporary urban and regional planning practice and scholarship often fails to address the full implications of technological change (technology blindness), lacks a clear or consistent definition of the long term (temporal imprecision) and seldom uses formal foresight methodologies. Discussion in the literature of time horizons beyond 10 years is, therefore, based on profoundly unrealistic assumptions about the future. The paper aims to discuss why conventional reasoning about possible futures is problematic, how consideration of long-term timescales is informal and inconsistent and why accelerating technological change requires that planners rethink basic assumptions about the future from 2030s onward. Design/methodology/approach The author reviews 1,287 articles published between January 2010 and December 2014 in three emblematic urban and regional planning journals using directed content analysis of key phrases pertaining to long-term planning, futures studies and self-driving cars. Findings The author finds that there is no evidence of consistent usage of the phrase long term, that timeframes are defined in fewer than 10 per cent of articles and that self-driving cars and related phrases occur nowhere in the text, even though this technology is likely to radically transform urban transportation and form starting in the early 2020s. Despite its importance, discussion of disruptive technological change in the urban and regional planning literature is extremely limited. Practical implications To make more realistic projections of the future from the late 2020s onward, planning practitioners and scholars should: attend more closely to the academic and public technology discourses; specify explicit timeframes in any discussion or analysis of the future; and incorporate methods from futures studies such as foresight approaches into long-term planning. Originality/value This paper identifies accelerating technological change as a major conceptual gap in the urban and regional planning literature and calls for practitioners and scholars to rethink their foundational assumptions about the long-term and possible, probable and preferable futures accordingly.
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Klakurka, Jan, and Bill Irwin. "The nature and extent of foresight-infused strategy: a case study highlighting the liberal arts academy’s future move from traditional education." foresight 22, no. 5/6 (August 28, 2020): 671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-03-2020-0019.
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Purpose Over the past seven years within a small, liberal arts (LA) Canadian university, significant paradigm shifts in students’ programmatic choices have occurred reflecting student preference for business-related programs versus traditional LA offerings. Grounded in strategic foresight (SF) practices, this paper aims to investigate drivers of declining traditional LA enrolment that are currently a boon for management studies, positing implications for long-term futures of the LA Academy. Design/methodology/approach This paper lays out foundational research exploring phenomena in the academy, including disruptive forces, and explores how SF can clarify and shape long-term choices. Seeking to answer what paradigm-shifting forces really mean for the future of the academy, a case study approach is used to interpret disruptions to a Canadian institution facing present challenges and an uncertain future. Scenarios are developed for the broader academy using an environmental understanding to better inform predictive actions envisioned in academic institutional future planning. Findings The outcome of this research, including four scenarios, will be used to better understand student and stakeholder motivations informing future academic planning. As institutional paradigms appear resistant to change, these foresight-inspired findings are valuable considerations for institutional administrators, particularly those at stressed organizations facing unsettling realities. Originality/value The case study identifies that for the LA Academy, myriad future unknowns exist, including its continued existence in today’s form. Institutions are generally unresponsive to the precursors of future change and are not systematically exploring future options.
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Wildenboer, Johan. "JOSHUA 24: SOME LITERARY AND THEOLOGICAL REMARKS." Journal for Semitics 24, no. 2 (November 17, 2017): 484–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/3465.
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Achenbach, R 2005. Pentateuch, Hexateuch und Enneateuch. Eine Verhältnisbestimmung, ZAR 11:122–154. Albertz, R 2007. Die kanonische Anpassung des Johuabuches. Ein Neubewertung seiner sog.”Priesterschriftelike Texte”, in Römer and Schmid 2007:199–217. Aurelius, E 2003. Zukunft jenseits des Gerichts: Eine redaktionsgeschichltliche Studie zumEnneateuch. BZAW 319. Berlin: de Gruyter. Barrick, W B & Spencer, J R (eds) 1984. In the shelter of Elyon: essays on ancient Palestinian life in honour of GW Ahlström. JSOTSup 31. Sheffield: JSOT Press. Becker U, 2006. Endredaktionelle Kontextvernetzungen des Josua-Buches, in Witte, Schmid, Prechel and Gertz 2006:139–161. Bieberstein, K 1995. Josua-Jordan-Jericho. Archäologie, Geschichte und Theologie der Landnahmeerzählungen Josua 1–6. OBO. Friborg: Universitätsverlag, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Blum, E 1990. Studien zur Komposition des Pentateuch. BZAW 189. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter. _______ 1997. Die Kompositionelle Knoten am Übergang von Josua zu Richter: Ein Entflechtungsvorschlag, in Lust and Vervenne 1997:181–212. _______ 2006. The literary connection between the books of Genesis and Exodus and the end of the book of Joshua, in Dozeman and Schmid 2006:80–106. _______ 2011. Pentateuch-Hexateuch-Enneateuch, in Dozeman , Römer and Schmid 2011:43–71. Carr, D M 1996. Reading the fractures of Genesis. Historical and literary approaches. Louisville: Westminster John Knox. _______ 2006. What is required to identify pre-Priestly narrative connections between Genesis and Exodus? in Dozeman and Schmid 2006:159–180. _______ 2012. The Moses story: literary and historical reflections, HeBAI 1–2:7–36. Dozeman, T B & Schmid, K (eds) 2006. Farewell to the Yahwist? The composition of the Pentateuch in recent European discussion. SBL Symposium Series 34. Atlanta: SBL. Dozeman, T B, Römer, T C & Schmid, K (eds) 2011. Pentateuch, Hexateuch, or Enneateuch. Identifying literary works in Genesis through Kings. SBL 8. Atlanta: SBL. Du Pury, A, Römer, T C & Macchi, J P (eds) 2000. Israel constructs its history. Deuteronomistic historiography in recent research. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. Edenburg, C & Pakkala, J (eds) 2013. Is Samuel amongst the Deuteronomists? Current views on the place of Samuel in a Deuteronomistic History. Atlanta: SBL. Eisffeldt, O 1964. Einleitung in das Alte Testament. Tübingen: Mohr. Frevel, C 2000. Mit Blick auf das Land die Schöpfung erinnern. Zum Ende der Priestergrundschrift. HBS 23. Freiburg/New York: Herder. _______ 2011. Die Wiederkehr der Hexateuchperspektive. Eine Herausforderung für die These vom Deuteronomistischen Geschictswerk, in Stipp 2011:13–53. Frey, J, Schattner-Rieser, U & Schmid, K (eds) 2012. Die Sameritaner und die Bibel: Historische und literarische Wechselwirkungen zwischen biblischen und Sameritanischen Traditionen. Studia Judaica/Studia Samaritana 7. Berlin/New York. Fritz, V 1994. Das Buch Josua. Hat 1/7. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Garciá-Martinez, F (ed.) 1998. Perspectives in the study of the Old Testament and early Judaism: a symposium in honour of Adam S. van der Woude on the occasion of his 70th Birthday. VTSup 73. Leiden: Brill. Gertz, J C 2000. Tradition und Redaktion in der Exoduserzählung. Untersuchungen zur Endredaktion des Pentateuch. FRLANT 186. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck& Ruprecht. Görg, M 1991. Josua. NEB 26. Würzburg: Echter Verlag. Gunkel, H 1910. Genesis. 3rd ed. GHK 1. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Hjelm, I 2000. The Samaritans and early Judaism: a literary analysis. JSOTSup 303. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. Keel, O 1973. Das Vergaben der “Fremder” Götter in Genesis xxxv 4b, VT 23:305–336. Knauf, E A 2000. Does Deuteronomsitic Historiography (DH) exist? in du Pury , Römer and Macchi 2000:388–398. _______ 2007. Buchschlüsse im Josuabuch, in Römer and Schmid 2007:217–224. _______ 2008. Josua. ZBKAT 6. Zurich: Theologisher Verlag. Knoppers, G N & McConville, J G (eds) 2000. Reconsidering Israel and Judah: recent studies on the Deuteronomistic History. SBTS 8. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. Köckert, M 1988. Vätergott und Väterverheisssungen. Eine Auseinandersetzung mit Albrecht Alt und seine Erben. FRLANT 142. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Konkel, M 2008. Sünde und Vergebung:Eine Rekontruktion der Redaktionsgeschichte der hinterein Sinaiperikope (Ex 32–34). Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Pentateuchmodelle. FAT 88. Tübingen: Mohr. Koopmans, W T 1990. Joshua 24 as poetic narrative. JSOTSup 93. Sheffield: JSOT Press. Kratz, R G 2000. Die Komposition der erzählender Bücher des Alten Testaments: Grundwissen der Bibelkritik. UTB 215.Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Levin, C 1993. Der Jahwist. FRLANT 157.Göttingen: Vandenhoeck& Ruprecht. Lipschits, O, Knoppers, G N & Albertz, R (eds) 2007. Judah and the Judeans in the fourth century B.C.E. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. Lust, J & Vervenne, M (eds) 1997. Deuteronomy and Deuteronomistic literature. BETL 133. Leuven: Peeters. Mckenzie, S L & Römer, T C (eds) 2000. Rethinking the foundations: historiography in the ancient world and the Bible. Essays in honour of John Van Seters. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter. Nelson, R D 1997. Joshua: a commentary. Louisville: Westminster John Knox. Nentel, J 2000. Trägerschaft und Intentionen des deuteronomistischen Geschichtswerks: Untersuchungen zu Refelexionreden: Jos1; 23; 24; 1 Sam12 und 1 Kön 8. BZAW 297. Berlin: de Gruyter. Nihan, C 2012. The literary relationship between Deuteronomy and Joshua: a reassessment, in Schmid and Person 2012:79–114. _______ 2013. 1 Sam 8 and 12 and the Deuteronomsitic edition of Samuel, in Edenburg and Pakkala 2013: 225–274. Na`man, N 2000. The law of the altar in Deuteronomy and the cultic site near Shechem, in Mckenzie and Römer 2000:141–161. Noll, K L and Schramm, B (eds) 2010. Raising a faithful exegete: essays in honour of Richard Nelson. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. Noort, E 1997. The traditions of Ebal and Gerizim: theological positions in the book of Joshua, in Vervenne and Lust 1997:161–180. _______ 1998. Zu Stand und Perspektiven: Der Glaube Israels zwischen Religionsgeschichte und Theologie, der Fall Josua 24, in Garciá-Martinez 1998:82–108. Noth, M 1943. Überlieferungsgeschichtliche Studien. Tübingen: Niemeyer. _______ 1953. Das Buch Josua. 2nd ed. HAT 7. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. O’Brien, M A 1989. The Deuteronomistic History hypothesis: a reassessment. OBO 92. Fribourg: Éditions. Universitaires/Göttingen: Vandenhoeck& Ruprecht. Otto, E 1999. Bruckensläge in der Pentateuchsforschung, TRU 64:84–99. _______ 2000. Das Deuteronomium im Pentateuch und Hexateuch. Studien zur Literaturgeschichte von Pentateuch und Hexateuch im Lichte des Deuteronomiumrahmens. FAT 30. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Otto, E & Achenbach, R (eds) 2004. Das Deuteronomium zwischen Pentateuch undDeuteronomistischem Geschictswerk. FRLANT 206. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Perlitt, L 1968. Bundestheologie im Altes Testament. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag. _______ 1994. Priesterschrift in Deuteronomium34? VT 59:475–494. Popovich, M 2009. Conquest of the land, loss of the land. Where does Joshua 24 belong?, in von Ruiten and de Vos 2009:87–98. Rofé, A 2000. Ephraimite versus Deuteronomistic History, in Knoppers & McConville 2000:462–474. Römer, T C 2010. Book-endings in Joshua and the question of the so-called Deuteronomistic History, in Noll and Schramm 2010:85–99. Römer, T C & Brettler, M Z 2000. Deuteronomy 34 and the case for a Persian Hexateuch, JBL 119/3:401–419. Römer, T C and Schmid, K (eds) 2007. Les dernières rédactions du Pentatueque, de l` Hexateuge,et de l` Henneatuege. BETL 203. Leuven: Peeters. Rösel, H N 1980. Die Überleitungen vom Josua-ins Richterbuch, VT 30:342–350. Schmid K, 1999. Erzväter und Exodus: Untersuchungen zur doppelten Begründing der Ursprünge Israels innerhalb der Geschichtsbücher des Alten Testaments. WMANT 81. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag. _______ 2007. The late Persian formation of the Torah: observations on Deuteronomy 34, in Lipschits, Knoppers & Albertz 2007:236–245. _______ 2012. Die Sameritaner und die Judaër. Die biblische Diskussion um ihr Verhältnis in Josua 24, in Frey, Schattner-Rieser & Schmid 2012:21–49. Schmid, K & Person, R (eds) 2012. Deuteronomy in the Pentateuch, Hexateuch, and the Deuteronomistic History. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Schmidt, L 2009. P in Deuteronomium 34, VT 59:475–494. Schmitt, G 1964. Der Landtag von Sichem. Stuttgart: Calwer Verlag. Schmitt, H C 2004. DTN 34 als Verbindingstuck zwischen Tetrateuch und Dtr. Geschictswerk, in Otto and Achenbach 2004:181–192. Smend, R 1970. Das Gesetz un die Völker, in Wolff 1970:494–504. Sperling, S D 1987. Joshua 24 re-examined. HUCA 58:119–136. Steuernage, l C 1923. Das Buch Josua. GHK 1,3 (2). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Stipp, H J (ed.) 2011. Das deuteronomistische Geschichtswerk. ÖBS 39. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Van Seters, J 1984. Joshua 24 and the problem of tradition in the Old Testament, in Barrick and Spencer 1984:139–158. _______ 2003. Deuteronomy between Pentateuch and Deuteronomistic History, HTS 59/3:947–956. Vervenne, M & Lust, J (eds) 1997. Deuteronomy and Deuteronomistic literature. FS C.H.W Brekelmans. BETL 133. Leuven: Peeters. Von Ruiten, J and de Vos, C (eds) 2009. The land of Israel in Bible, history and theology: studies in honour of Ed Noort. VTSup 124. Leiden: Brill. Weimar, P 2008. Studien zur Priesterschrift. FAT 56. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Westermann, C 1994. Die Geschictsbücher des Alten Testaments: Gab es ein deuteronomsitisches Geschichtswerk? TB Altes Testament 87. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlag. Witte, M 1998. Die biblische urgeschichte. Redaktions-und Theologiegeschichtliche Beobachtungen zu Genesis 1,1–11:26. BZAW 265. Berlin: de Gruyter. Witte M, Schmid K, Prechel, D & Gertz, J C (eds) 2006. Die deuteronomistischenGeschichtswerke: Redaktions- und religionsgeschichtliche Perspektiven zur “Deuteronomismus”-Diskussion in Tora und vorderen Propheten. BZAW 365. Berlin: de Gruyter. Wolff, H W (ed.) 1970. Probleme biblischer Theologie: Gerard von Rad zum 70. Geburtstag. Munich: Kaiser Verlag. Würthwein, E 1994a. Erwägungen zum sog. Deuteronomistischen Geschichtswerk: eine Skizze, in Würthwein 1994b:1–11. Würthwein, E 1994b. Studien zum deuteronomistischen Geschichtswerk BZAW227. Berlin: de Gruyter, Zakovitch, Y 1980. The object of the narrative of the burial of the foreign gods at Shechem, BeTM 25:300–337. Zenger, E 2004. Einleitung in das Alte Testament. 5th ed. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.
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Liu, Liqin, Weichen Jin, and Ying Guo. "Dynamic Analysis of a Truss Spar-Type Floating Foundation for 5 MW Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 139, no. 6 (August 16, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4037292.
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This paper studies the dynamic characteristic of the truss Spar-type floating foundation used to support the offshore vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT). The effects of changes in foundation structural parameters on its motions were evaluated. The results show that radius of the buoyancy tank, radius of the upper mechanical tank, interval of the center of gravity and center of buoyancy, and height of the upper mechanical tank have important effects on the heave and pitch motions of the foundation. Two sets of foundation parameters (FS-1 and FS-2) were selected to support the 5 MW Darrieus wind turbine. The motion performances of the two floating VAWTs, S-1 (the VAWT supported by FS-1) and S-2 (the VAWT supported by FS-2), were analyzed and compared. It was observed that the amplitudes of the heave and pitch motions of the floating VAWT depend on the wave loads; the mean values of the heave and pitch motions depend on the aerodynamic loads. The floating VAWT S-2 had better motion performance; its heave and pitch motions were all small. The heave frequencies of the floating VAWT were equal to the wave frequencies. For the pitch frequencies, there is a component of the rotor rotational frequency (0.175 Hz) for cases LC1 to LC4, while the amplitudes of the twice-per-revolution (2P) response are far smaller than the amplitudes of the wave response.
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Clardy, Alan. "What can we know about the future? Epistemology and the credibility of claims about the world ahead." foresight ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-01-2021-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the results of futures studies are knowledge or if not, what it is that futures studies actually produce. Five types of representations of the future are the result of these studies. As the value of futures studies depends on no small measure of their credibility, the standards for carrying out and reporting these studies are identified along with a description of how Toulmin’s model of informal logic can be used to best improve their credibility. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a multi-disciplinary literature review and integrative analysis. Findings Using epistemological criteria for knowledge as truth, belief and rationale, the results of futures studies are not and cannot be knowledge. Instead, futures studies produce five kinds of “representations of the future”: predictions, projections and forecasts, scenarios, visions and structures for action. Six standards for conducting and reporting the results of futures studies are provided which will increase the credibility of these studies. Toulmin’s informal logic format will provide the foundation for the most persuasive basis of such studies. Practical implications Futurists will understand that the products of their studies are not knowledge and why this is the case. They will also understand that the type of futures studies they are conducting are either conditional, contingent propositions or normative prescriptions in nature. There are six guidelines for carrying out and reporting futures studies which can also be used to assess the quality of published studies. They will see how the use of a certain kind of informal logic can establish the most credible foundations for their studies. Originality/value As an integrative literature review, it incorporates and simplifies widely disparate existing contributions to the topic of the nature of knowledge regarding futures studies and the criteria for making such studies as credible as possible.
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Coppola, Carmela, Giovanna Piscopo, Francesca Galletta, Carlo Maurea, Domenica Rea, Claudio Arra, and Nicola Maurea. "Abstract 18766: Trastuzumab Cardiomyopathy is Prevented by the Administration of Ranolazine at the End of Antineoplastic Treatment in Model Mouse." Circulation 130, suppl_2 (November 25, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.18766.
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Introduction: Trastuzumab (TRAS), an anti-ErbB2 inhibitor, is the foundation of care for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Cardiovascular complications due to TRAS are a growing problem in clinical practice that may frustrate modern oncological outcome of therapy (asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure). The mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of TRAS have not been fully elucidated and can include changes in Ca2+ regulation related to blockade of ErbB2 and PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways. Hypothesis: Here, we aim at assessing whether Ranolazine (RAN), administered after TRAS treatment, blunts TRAS cardiotoxicity in vivo. Methods: To evaluate cardiac function in vivo, fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were measured by M/B mode echocardiography and radial and longitudinal strain (RS and LS) were measured using 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography, in C57/BL6 mice, 2-4 mo old, at day 0, and after 2 and 7 days of daily administration of TRAS (2.25 mg/kg/day, ip). These measurements were repeated after 5 days of RAN treatment (305 mg/Kg/day, gavage, dose comparable with that used in humans of 750 mg twice) initiated at the end of TRAS treatment. Results: In our in vivo studies, after 7 days with TRAS, FS decreased to 48.7±4.1%, p<0.01 vs 62.3±0.8% (sham), EF to 81.8±3.5%, p<0.01 vs 91.7±0.5% (sham), RS to 21±8.1%, p<0.01 vs 43.2±4% (sham), and LS to -11±3.7%, p<0.01 vs -38.8±6% (sham). In mice treated with RAN for 5 days after TRAS treatment, the indices of cardiac function recovered: FS was 61±1.2%, EF was 91±0.7%, p<0.01; RS was 21±8.1%, p<0.05 vs TRAS+RAN. However the alteration of LS persists after treatment with RAN (-15.4±5.1%, p=0.3 vs TRAS+RAN). Conclusions: RAN post-treatment blunts cardiotoxic effects due to TRAS, as demonstrated by the normalization of the values of FS, EF and RS. The explanation for the persistent abnormalities of LS could be that the subendocardial fibers, responsible for the alteration of LS, are the first to impair and may be the last to recover.
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Raisi-Estabragh, Z., C. Mccracken, P. Gkontra, A. Jaggi, M. Ardissino, J. Cooper, L. Biasiolli, et al. "Higher consumption of red and processed meat is associated with adverse cardiovascular magnetic resonance morpho-functional phenotypes: A study of 19,408 UK Biobank participants." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 28, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.454.
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Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation Clinical Research Training Fellowship No. FS/17/81/33318 European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 825903 (euCanSHare project). Background Multiple epidemiological studies link greater red and processed meat consumption with poorer cardiovascular outcomes. However, the impact of these exposures on directly measured cardiovascular phenotypes has not been examined in large cohorts. Limited existing studies suggest that the observed associations may be mediated by cardiometabolic diseases and/or novel mechanisms acting via the heart-gut axes. However, few studies systematically examine potential confounding and mediating mechanisms. Purpose We assessed, in the UK Biobank, the association between meat intake and cardiovascular structure and function incorporating a comprehensive range of confounders and mediators. Methods We studied 19,408 participants with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data. We determined average daily red and processed meat intake using food frequency questionnaires. We used oily fish as a comparator linked to favourable cardiac health. We considered conventional CMR measures (ventricular volumes, left ventricular mass, ejection fraction, stroke volume), novel CMR radiomics features (shape, texture), and arterial stiffness metrics (arterial stiffness index, aortic distensibility). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate associations between meat/fish intake and cardiovascular phenotypes, adjusting for age, sex, deprivation, educational level, smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise. In separate models, we investigated the mediating role of cardiometabolic morbidities. Results Higher intake of red and processed meat was associated with an adverse overall pattern of right and left ventricular remodelling, poorer cardiac function, and higher arterial stiffness. Conversely, higher oily fish intake was associated with a healthy cardiovascular phenotype (better ventricular function, greater arterial compliance). Radiomics analysis showed association of the different dietary habits with unique overall geometry of the ventricles and myocardial texture. These associations were partially mediated by cardiometabolic morbidities. Conclusions Higher red and processed meat consumption is associated with adverse cardiovascular phenotypes. These relationships are not fully explained by mediation through cardiometabolic morbidities suggesting importance of alternative disease pathways. Understanding these potential novel disease mechanisms is important for optimising cardiovascular disease prevention strategies.
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Borresen, M. F., E. M. Blixenkrone-Moeller, M. Tindholdt, R. O. B. Vogg, C. Pihl, A. Sillesen, J. B. Norsk, et al. "P6458The prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction in newborns." European Heart Journal 40, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.1050.
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Abstract Background Pronounced trabeculation of the left ventricular myocardium, or non-compaction, may be accompanied by systolic dysfunction in ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC). It is unclear whether non-compaction represents a fetal development defect or may develop later in life. Previous studies have estimated the prevalence of non-compaction to 0.01–0.31% in adults referred for echocardiography. The prevalences in unselected populations of adults or children are unknown. Purpose To determine the prevalence of non-compaction of the left ventricle in a large population-based cohort of newborns and to assess the relation to left ventricular systolic function. Methods Transthoracic echocardiography was performed according to a standardized protocol in all newborns included in a regional population-based cohort study in 2016–2018. For the present study, the extent of trabeculations were assessed by one of three primary reviewers in apical long-axis views (4-chamber, 5-chamber, and sinus coronarius views), parasternal short (SAX), and long axis (PLAX) views. Based on the presence of pronounced trabeculations, deep intertrabecular recesses and/or an impression of a ratio of >1 of non-compact:compact myocardium (NC:C), the exam was regarded as either possible or not possible non-compaction: In examinations classified as possible non-compaction, an expert reviewer would determine if diagnostic criteria were fulfilled. A ratio of NC:C myocardium ≥2 was considered as non-compaction in accordance with previously suggested criteria. Results As of January 11, 2019, 6,880 neonate echocardiograms (median age 10 days [IQR 5,14], 48.8% females) had been analyzed. In total, 127 (1.8%) were considered as possible non-compaction. Six newborns (median age 14 days [IQR 8,18], 33.3% females) had a ratio of NC:C myocardium ≥2 corresponding to a prevalence of non-compaction of 8.7 per 10,000 newborns (95% CI 0.04–0.19%) (Figure). One of six neonates had a ratio of NC:C myocardium≥2 in more than one segment. Median fractional shortening (FS %), left ventricular end-diastolic (LVIDd) and end-systolic diameter (LVIDs) were 29.5% (IQR 27.0, 31.0), 1.9 cm (IQR 1.8, 2.1) and 1.3 cm (IQR 1.3, 1.5) respectively in the six newborns with non-compaction. The corresponding mean z-scores (standard deviations away from the age-matched reference mean) according to The Boston Children's Hospital z-score Calculator were FS: r=−3.0 (IQR r=−3.8, r=−2.5), LVIDd: r=−1.3 (IQR r=−2.7, r=−0.2), LVIDs: 0.2 (IQR r=−0.1, 1.6). 10-days-old boy with LVNC (FS 22%) Conclusion Echocardiography of an unselected population-based cohort of 6,880 newborns revealed a prevalence of non-compaction of 8.7 per 10,000 newborns. The prevalence is in accordance with previously described prevalences in adults referred for echocardiography and corroborate the view that non-compaction may be a fetal developmental defect. Non-compaction was not associated with left ventricular dilatation but with systolic dysfunction. Acknowledgement/Funding Danish Heart Association, Danish Children's Heart Foundation, Candy's Found., Toyota Found., Herlev-Gentofte Hospital Research Found., Gangsted Found.
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Demirkiran, A., M. ECJ Hassell, P. Garg, M. SM Elbaz, R. Delewi, JP Greenwood, JJ Piek, S. Plein, RJ Van Der Geest, and R. Nijveldt. "Left ventricular four-dimensional blood flow energetics and vorticity in chronic myocardial infarction patients with/without left ventricular thrombus." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 22, Supplement_2 (June 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeab090.091.
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Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The British Heart Foundation [FS/10/62/28409] and Dutch ZonMw [104003001]. Background Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation is a frequent and serious complication of myocardial infarction (MI). How global LV flow characteristics are related to this phenomenon is yet uncertain. In this study, we investigated LV flow differences using 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) between chronic MI patients with LVT [MI-LVT(+)] and without LVT [MI-LVT(-)], and healthy controls. Methods In this prospective cohort study, the 4D flow CMR data were acquired in 19 chronic MI patients (MI-LVT(+), n= 9 and MI-LVT(-), n= 10) and 9 age-matched controls. All included subjects were in sinus rhythm. The following LV flow parameters were obtained: LV flow components (direct, retained, delayed, residual), mean and peak KE values (indexed to instantaneous LV volume), mean and peak vorticity values, and diastolic vortex ring properties (position, orientation, shape). Results The MI patients demonstrated a significantly larger amount of delayed and residual flow, and a smaller amount of direct flow compared to controls (p = 0.02, p = 0.03, and p < 0.001, respectively). The MI-LVT(+) patients demonstrated numerically increased residual flow and reduced retained and direct flow in comparison to MI-LVT(-) patients. Systolic mean and peak LV blood flow KE values were significantly lower in MI patients compared to controls (p = 0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). Overall, the mean and peak LV vorticity values were significantly lower in MI patients compared to controls. The mean vorticity at the basal level was significantly higher in MI-LVT(+) than in MI-LVT(-) patients (p < 0.01). The vortex ring core during E-wave in MI-LVT(-) group was located closer to the mitral annulus and in a less tilted orientation to the LV compared to MI-LVT(+) group (p = 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion Chronic MI patients with LVT express a different distribution of LV flow components, irregular vorticity vector fields, and altered diastolic vortex ring geometric properties as assessed by 4D flow CMR. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate these initial observations.
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Miller, Riel, and Roberto Poli. "Anticipatory systems and the philosophical foundations of futures studies." Foresight 12, no. 3 (June 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs.2010.27312caa.001.
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Obergassel, J., M. O'Reilly, C. O'Shea, S. N. Kabir, L. C. Sommerfeld, L. Eckardt, L. Fabritz, and P. Kirchhof. "Genetic background, sex, age and pacing cycle length affect left atrial electrophysiology in Langendorff-perfused isolated murine hearts." European Heart Journal 41, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3766.
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Abstract Background Studying cardiac electrophysiology in isolated perfused beating murine hearts is a well-established method. The ranges of normal values for left atrial (LA) action potential durations (LA-APD), activation times (LA-AT) and effective refractory periods (atrial ERP) in murine wildtype (WT) are not well known. Purpose This study aimed to establish reference values for LA-APD, LA-AT and atrial ERP and to identify the influence of genetic background, sex and age on these electrophysiological parameters in WT mice. Method We combined results from isolated beating heart Langendorff experiments carried out in WT mice between 2005 and 2019 using an octopolar catheter inserted into the right atrium and a monophasic action potential electrode recording from the LA epicardium. Electrophysiological parameters (LA-APD at 50%, 70%, 90% repolarization (APD50, APD70, APD90), LA-AT and atrial ERP) at different pacing cycle lengths (PCL) were summarized. We analysed effects of PCL, genetic background, age, gender, heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW), LA weight to body weight ratio (LAW/BW) as well as coronary flow and temperature as experimental conditions. Results Electrophysiological parameters from 222 isolated hearts (114 female, mean age 6.6±0.25 months, range 2.47–17.7 months) of different backgrounds (77 C57BL/6, 23 FVB/N, 33 MF1, 69 129/Sv and 20 Swiss agouti) were combined. Coronary flow rate, flow temperature and start of isolation to cannulation time were constant experimental conditions over the timespan of experiments. LA-APD was longer while LA-AT decreased with longer PCL throughout all genetic backgrounds (Figure 1A). Genetic background showed strong effects on all electrophysiological parameters. LA-APD70 and atrial ERP were significantly shorter in Swiss agouti background compared to others. LA-APD70 was also significantly prolonged in 129/Sv background compared to MF1 (Figure 1B). LA activation was delayed in 129/Sv compared to other backgrounds (Figure 1C). Atrial ERP was longer in FVB/N compared to other backgrounds. Atrial ERP was also significantly prolonged (+ 3.4 ms, + 13.5%) in female mice compared to males (Figure 1D). Age effects were compared in groups. Atrial ERP was significantly longer in mice younger than 3 months compared to older mice (Figure 1E). Conclusion This dataset summarises left atrial electrophysiological parameters in the beating mouse heart and can serve as a reference for design and interpretation of electrophysiological experiments in murine models of commonly used genetic backgrounds. We demonstrate that PCL, genetic background, age and gender affect atrial electrophysiological parameters. Awareness of these will support successful experimental design. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): This work was partially supported by the European Commission (grant agreements no. 633196 [CATCH ME]) to LF and PK, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG FA413, British Heart Foundation (FS/13/43/30324 to LF and PK; AA/18/2/34218 to LF and PK).The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences has received the British Heart Foundation (BHF) Accelerator Award (AA/18/2/34218). JO has received financial support for abroad studies within his scholarship of the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes (German Academic Scholarship Foundation).
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Denham, N., C. M. Pearman, G. W. P. Madders, C. E. R. Smith, A. W. Trafford, and K. M. Dibb. "P935Can we predict the occurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation in large animal models to improve study efficiency?" EP Europace 22, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa162.077.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Funding Acknowledgements British Heart Foundation Project Grant FS/17/54/33126 Background A key consideration when using animals in research is maximising experimental efficiency to minimise the number of animals required. Large animal models have proven an invaluable tool for establishing pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning atrial fibrillation (AF) and testing novel therapeutics, however animals may be resistant to developing the arrhythmias required. While the relationships between atrial refractory periods, conduction velocity, surface area, and vulnerability to fibrillation have been established in clinical practice, these parameters are not regularly used to design animal studies of persistent AF (PsAF). Purpose We investigated whether routinely collected baseline parameters could be used to improve experimental efficiency in an ovine model, by predicting the development of PsAF as opposed to arrhythmia resistance. The aims were to: reduce the number of animals used in future studies, and avoid prolonged experiments in animals likely to be resistant to AF. Methods All procedures were conducted with respect to the Animals [Scientific Procedures] Act, UK, 1986; and were approved by the local ethical review board. The ovine model consisted of healthy adult Welsh mountain sheep that underwent implantation of a neurostimulator connected via an endocardial pacing lead to the right atrial appendage. The device was programmed to deliver intermittent 30 second bursts of 50Hz and sheep were monitored over an eight week period for PsAF. Eight variables were collected at time of implant including weight (kg), left atrial diameter (LAD; cm), P wave duration (msec), PR interval (msec), atrial effective refractory period (ERP; msec), atrial conduction velocity (CV; m/s), AF inducibility with 50Hz bursts (secs), and rate threshold of atrial action potential alternans (msec). Analysis of the data was performed using multiple logistic regression and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Regression coefficients are presented as natural logarithm of odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Seventeen sheep were included in this study. Five (29%) developed PsAF whereas twelve (71%) were resistant (non-sustained or no AF). Univariate analysis found none of the parameters alone could predict PsAF, however ERP (OR -0.05, CI -.01 to 0.01, p = 0.089) and LAD (OR 8.1, CI -1.6 to 17.5, p = 0.095) suggested a combination may be predictive. A multivariate analysis using Fibrillation number (calculated as LAD / [ERP X CV]) was predictive (OR 26.9, CI 1.1 to 52.7; p = 0.04], with an area under ROC curve of 0.85 (p = 0.027). Conclusions Fibrillation number can predict the development of PsAF in healthy sheep. Practically speaking, this means animals with: a larger LAD, shorter ERP and slower CV are more likely to develop PsAF. These findings can be used to optimise the design of future studies, particularly by reducing the number of animals required.
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Miyazawa, AA, D. Keene, M. Johal, AD Arnold, NS Peters, P. Kanagaratnam, NWF Linton, et al. "A method for accurately and dynamically optimising pacemaker atrio-ventricular delay timing using implantable physiological biomarkers." EP Europace 23, Supplement_3 (May 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euab116.464.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): BRAVO trial: BHF SP/10/002/28189, FS/10/038, FS/11/92/29122, FS/13/44/30291) National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre. HOPE-HF trial: British Heart Foundation (CS/15/3/31405, FS/13/44/30291, FS/15/53/31615, FS/14/27/30752, FS/10/038). Introduction The optimal atrioventricular (AV) delay for implantable cardiac devices can be derived by echocardiography or beat-by-beat blood pressure measurements. However, both of these approaches are labour intensive and neither could be incorporated into an implantable cardiac device for frequent repeated optimisations. Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) measures blood flow through tissue. LDPM has been miniaturised ready to be incorporated into future implantable cardiac devices. Purpose We studied if LDPM is a clinically reliable alternative method to blood-pressure measurements to determine optimal AV delay. Methods Data from 58 patients undergoing 94 clinical AVD optimisations using LDPM and simultaneous non-invasive beat-by-beat blood pressure was obtained. The optimal AV delay for each method and for each optimisation was determined using a curve of haemodynamic response to switching from AAI (reference state) to DDD (test state) at a series of AV delays (40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 ms). We then compared the derived optimal AV delays between the two measurement approaches. We also assessed the impact of the paced heart-rate on agreement between laser Doppler and Blood-Pressure derived optimal AV delays. Results The AV delay derived using LDPM was not clinically significant different from that derived by blood pressure changes. The median difference was -9ms (IQR -26 to 7, p = 0.05). Variability between the two methods was low (median absolute deviation 17ms). Optimisations performed at higher heart-rates resulted in a non-significant smaller difference between the LDPM and blood-pressure derived AV delays (median absolute deviation 12 vs 22 ms, p = 0.11). Conclusions Optimal AVDs derived from non-invasive blood-pressure or laser Doppler perfusion methods are clinically equivalent. The addition of laser Doppler to future implantable cardiac devices may enable devices to dynamically and reliably optimise AV delays. Abstract Figure 1
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Pitoulis, F., F. Perbellini, S. E. Harding, P. De Tombe, and C. M. Terracciano. "P5373Mechanical heterogeneity across the left ventricular wall - a study using intact multicellular preparations." European Heart Journal 40, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0336.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction The importance of transmural heterogeneity for left ventricular (LV) function is well recognised. Mid-wall systolic shortening is a better predictor of cardiovascular morbidity than ejection fraction. While variation in electrical properties is well-documented, transmural mechanical differences remain poorly characterised. Most studies are based on isolated cells or permeabilised preparations, with limited data acquired in living multicellular myocardial preparations. Purpose Here, we test the hypothesis that heterogeneity in intrinsic mechanical properties exists across the LV wall. We use a novel intact organotypic preparation, myocardial slices, from different layers of the ventricular wall. Methods 300μm-thick living tangential myocardial slices with preserved structure and function were sequentially obtained from LVs of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats using a high precision vibrating microtome. Each slice corresponded to a different layer of the LV wall. Slices from endo-, mid- and epicardium were used (Fig 1C). To rule out transmural differences in Ca2+ -response, force-Ca2+ experiments were first performed on slices at 2.1μm sarcomere length (SL) with a half-log [Ca2+] (10–3.5 to 10–2.0 M) in the supernatant. SL-tension experiments were then conducted by measuring steady state force of isometrically twitching slices at 2.00-, 2.10-, 2.20-, 2.25-, 2.35-, & 2.40μm SL in Tyrode solution containing the EC50 [Ca2+], determined from the force-Ca2+ experiments. Analysis of co-variance and two-way ANOVA with Turkey post-hoc were used for statistical comparisons. Results Force-Ca2+ data were fit with a variable hill-slope. As no differences in the EC50 of endo-, mid-, and epi- slices (n=6, 5, 4) were found, length-tension experiments were performed at a common EC50 [Ca2+] (10–2.54 M). Increasing SL increased developed tension in all slices. However, mid- generated significantly greater tension than endo- at 2.25-, 2.35-, & 2.40μm SL but not epi- slices (p=0.006, 0.045, 0.048 respectively) (Fig 1A). A linear regression was fit to the SL-active tension data of the different layers. Epi- had significantly steeper slope than endo- (p=0.0137) suggesting greater ability to respond to stretch (n=6, 5, 6) (Fig 1B). Increasing SL increased passive tension in all slices. Epi- was significantly stiffer than endo- at 2.35- & 2.40μm SL (p=0.023, 0.0002 respectively). Mid- was also significantly stiffer than endo- at 2.40μm SL (p=0.0007) (n=6, 5, 6) (Fig 1A). Figure 1. A: SL-Tension; B: Slopes; C: Schematic Conclusions Here, we demonstrate for the first time the use of myocardial slices for investigation of transmural mechanics in intact adult cardiac tissue. We show that both active and passive mechanical properties differ across the LV wall. Coupled with transmural electrical differences, mechanical heterogeneity may act to orchestrate the normal operation of the whole heart. In disease, loss of heterogeneity may contribute to impaired LV function and accelerate clinical deterioration. Acknowledgement/Funding British Heart Foundation (MBBS PhD Studentship FS/18/37/33642)
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Jones, A., J. Hauser, A. Karunakaran, K. Drechsler, A. Taylor, V. Muthurangu, and R. Batterham. "P3419Independent effects of visceral, subcutaneous and liver fat, and fat-free mass on cardiometabolic risk factors in teenagers." European Heart Journal 40, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0293.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cardiometabolic (CM) disorders begin earlier than previously thought. Better understanding of drivers of CM risk in the young is needed to address this. Adiposity is an established concern but studies largely rely on indirect markers eg. body mass index (BMI) to assess it. BMI is known to reflect both skeletal size & adiposity. This study aimed to compare effects of BMI with independent effects of liver fat percentage (LFP), fat-free mass (FFM), & subcutaneous (SAT) & visceral (SAT) adipose tissue on CM risk in teenagers. Healthy teens [N=82; Age 13–19y; 39 overwt/obese; 46F/36M] had volumetric magnetic resonance (MR) tissue mapping (neck-to-knee T2*-IDEAL). BMI z-score (WHO age/sex reference; zBMI), systolic BP (SBP), fasting blood (TRIGlyceride; CHOLesterol; HDL; IL6; CRP; white blood cells [WBC]; LEPTIN), & insulin & glucose response [0, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 & 240 min] to a mixed meal (75g glucose + cream) were assessed. Indices of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and sensitivity (MATSUDA-IS) were derived from fasting measures & integrated meal responses, respectively. Independent effects of LFP, FFM, SAT & VAT were tested by conditional regression in a 4 compartment model (4CM). Higher zBMI was positively correlated with TRIG, IL6, CRP, WBC, HOMA-IR, LEPTIN & SBP, & inversely with HDL & MATSUDA-IS (Table). The 4CM showed that SAT was responsible for most of these links but VAT contributed to lower MATSUDA-IS, SAT was positively correlated with CHOL (zBMI was not), & FFM was a significant predictor of HDL, CRP & LEPTIN. It was solely responsible for the association of zBMI with SBP. There were no independent effects of LFP. zBMI was strongly driven by both FFM & SAT, limiting its ability to differentiate effects of skeletal size from those of adiposity. Correlation coefficients BMI TRIG (mmol/L) CHOL (mmol/L) HDL (mmol/L) IL6 (pg/mL) CRP (mg/L) WBC (x109/L) HOMA-IR MATSUDA-IS LEPTIN (ng/mL) SBP (mmHg) Median (IQR) 23.4 (20.3, 29.6) 0.64 (0.52, 1.00) 3.5 (3.2, 4.0) 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) 4.0 (2.6, 6.7) 0.67 (0.22, 1.80) 5.6 (4.7, 7.1) 1.5 (0.8, 2.2) 9.3 (5.5, 12.6) 11.1 (2.1, 24.6) 114 (108, 120) zBMI 0.33§ 0.16 −0.43‡ 0.27¶ 0.69‡ 0.51‡ 0.54‡ −0.48‡ 0.77‡ 0.27¶ LFP 0.18 −0.06 0.18 0.19 0.00 −0.06 0.11 0.23 −0.21 −0.00 0.13 VAT 0.07 0.18 0.08 −0.22 0.09 −0.00 0.12 0.19 −0.35§ −0.08 0.09 SAT 0.89‡ 0.37§ 0.33§ −0.25¶ 0.37§ 0.57‡ 0.45† 0.61‡ −0.44† 0.85‡ −0.10 FFM 0.86‡ 0.04 −0.16 −0.34§ −0.02 0.31¶ −0.01 0.25 −0.25 0.39§ 0.34§ ¶P<0.05; §P<0.01; †P<0.001; ‡P<0.0001. We found associations of zBMI with CM risk in teens that are usually interpreted as due to adiposity. Although SAT was largely responsible, FFM & VAT were important too & the link between BMI & SBP was due solely to FFM. Associations of CM risk factors with BMI may reflect non-adipose tissue effects & should be interpreted cautiously in the young. Acknowledgement/Funding Alexander Jones is funded by a British Heart Foundation Intermediate Clinical Research Fellowship (FS/18/22/33479)
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Castro Herrero, Laia, Theresa Gessler, and Silvia Majo-Vazquez. "Correlational linkage analysis (Frequently Applied Designs)." DOCA - Database of Variables for Content Analysis, June 21, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34778/1i.
Full textAbstract:
Correlational or second-order linkage analyses (Schulz, 2008) correlate content data points and survey data at the aggregate level. They are generally used to infer the impact of public opinion climate, the media context or media use on individual attitudes, cognitions and behaviors. Correlational linkage analyses make use of data collected at different points in time to be able to describe patterns of change and stability over time and to compensate for the reduced number of observations resulting from aggregating individual-level data. They often employ manual and automated content analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, and time series analysis.
Field of application/theoretical foundation:
Linkage analyses have extensively been used in the fields of political communication (Soroka, 2002), EU studies (Brosius et al., 2019a), and more recently, social media and social movements. Studies that employed second-order linkage analyses are related to theories of agenda setting (McCombs & Shaw, 1972), framing (Vliegenthart et al., 2008), or media bias and tone (Brosius et al., 2019b) (see chapter Content Analysis in Mixed Method approaches for a detailed account of applications and advantages of using linkage analyses).
Example studies:
In this data entry we describe two studies that regress survey data on media content data with additional weighs to better model news media effects. The first study (Boomgaarden & Vliegenthart, 2007) weigh media coverage of a particular topic (immigration) by issue prominence and circulation of the newspapers considered in the study. The second one (Vliegenthart et al., 2008) further introduces a publication recency moderator to account for how close in time a given news story was published from when survey data was collected and individuals may have been exposed to such piece of information.
References
Boomgaarden, H. G., & Vliegenthart, R. (2007). Explaining the rise of anti-immigrant parties: The role of news media content. Electoral Studies, 26(2), 404–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2006.10.018
Brosius, A., van Elsas, E. J., & de Vreese, C. H. (2019a). Trust in the European Union: Effects of the information environment. European Journal of Communication, 34(1), 57–73.
Brosius, A., van Elsas, E. J., & de Vreese, C. H. (2019b). How media shape political trust: News coverage of immigration and its effects on trust in the European Union. European Union Politics, 20(3), 447–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116519841706
McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176–187.
Schulz, W. (2008). Content analyses and public opinion research. The SAGE Handbook of Public Opinion Research, 348–357.
Soroka, S. N. (2002). Issue attributes and agenda-setting by media, the public, and policymakers in Canada. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14(3), 264–285.
Vliegenthart, R., Schuck, A. R., Boomgaarden, H. G., & De Vreese, C. H. (2008). News coverage and support for European integration, 1990–2006. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 20(4), 415–439.
Table 1. Data matching in correlational linkage analyses
Author(s)
Relationship of theoretical interest
Sample
Time frame
Content-analytical constructs
Linkage strategy
Boomgarden & Vliegenthart (2007)
News media reporting about immigration-related topics on aggregate share of vote intention for anti-immigrant parties
(a) 157,968 articles collected through computer-assisted analysis, dealing with immigration and
published in the five most-read Dutch national newspapers
(b) Monthly self-reports on vote intention toward anti-immigrant parties from surveyed representative samples of the Dutch population
(c) Monthly number of
people that moved to the Netherlands and unemployment
rates available from the Dutch governmental statistical institute
1990-2002
Visibility of immigration-related topics in news
(1) The authors calculate a visibility score per article by computing:
(1.1.) an average person’s log probability that
s/he is exposed to news about immigration through a given article. This is done by using the frequency with which this article mentions immigration-related topics (f(t,a), both in the headline (fh(t,a)), in which case the frequency is weighed by 8, and in the body of the text (fb(t,a)), in which case the frequency is multiplied by 2.
(1.2.) 1.1. is weighed by circulation of the newspaper where the article is published (c(a)).
(1.3.) 1.1. is weighed by whether the article is placed in the front page or other to account for how prominently the topic is featured (fp(a)).
Notationally, the equation can be written as follows:
(…)
(2) In a second step, V(a) are aggregated for all articles in all outlets by month (the time unit to link content and survey data)
(3) Final immigration visibility scores (independent variable) are linked to monthly percentage of people that reported intending to vote for an anti-immigration party (dependent variable) through time series analysis. The authors run ARIMA models, successively adding controls for extreme right leadership peaks (Fortuyn’s entrance in the political arena and assassination), immigration levels, unemployment rates, the interaction between the both and finally, the media visibility variables.
Vliegenthart, Schuck, Boomgaarden, De Vreese (2008)
How framing of EU news in terms of benefit and conflict explains public support for the EU
(a) 329,746 articles that contained at least one reference to the European institutions in main newspapers of 7 EU countries (Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United
Kingdom) were computer-assisted content analysed to obtain data on EU media visibility.
(b) 9,649 hand-coded articles that mentioned the EU at least twice (at least one of these references in
the headline or in the lead of the article) were then analysed to investigate the framing of the EU. Approximately 50 articles per country were coded for each 6-month period.
(c) Self-reports on EU support from the bi-annual standard Eurobarometer.
1990–2006
(a) News media attention/visibility of the EU
(b) Presence of a benefit frame or a disadavantage frame in EU news coverage
© Presence of a conflict framing in EU news coverage
(1) Articles dealing with the EU (at least one reference) are weighed by prominence and publication recency as follows: Articles on the first page of a newspaper are counted twice as heavily as articles in the remainder of the newspaper; articles appearing in the month before a Eurobarometer survey was conducted are weighed six times, they are counted five times if appeared 2 months before, etc. The weighted EU visibility score is aggregated for each time period t in each country c.
(2) Framing scores are then assigned to each article (benefit and disadvantage frames 0-2, conflict framing ranged from 0 to 3)
(3) Mean framing scores per time period–country combination (fs(t,c)) are multiplied by visibility scores (vs(t,c)) to capture the overall salience of the frames (beyond its presence) as follows:
(…)
(4) OLS regressions with panel corrected standard errors are run with benefit, disadvantage and conflict framing as main independent variables, and aggregated-level support for the EU as dependent variable