Relevant bibliographies by topics / Foundation scour

Academic literature on the topic 'Foundation scour'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Foundation scour"

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Stahlmann, Arne, and Torsten Schlurmann. "PHYSICAL MODELING OF SCOUR AROUND TRIPOD FOUNDATION STRUCTURES FOR OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY CONVERTERS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 27, 2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.67.

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As a step to further develop the share of renewable energies, the first German offshore test site alpha ventus has been installed in the North Sea in 2009 in water depths of 30 m, where experience shall be gained and made available for future offshore wind farms. Regarding converter foundations in deep water, it is well known that in most cases scour phenomena occur around the structures. Due to the complexity of the tripod foundations, significant knowledge gaps in scour progression in general and especially in detail as well as its probable effects on the stability and durability are given. Therefore, investigations on scouring phenomena around complex foundation structures like the tripod are carried out within the research project. The investigation method consists of a unique combination of local scour monitoring as well as physical and numerical modeling, whereas the physical modeling part was carried by means of 1:40 laboratory tests and 1:12 large-scale physical model tests in wave flumes. The results show that scours around the tripod foundation do not only occur directly around the foundation piles, but also in the near-field of the structure. Compared to first in-situ measured scours in the test site, at least a good qualitative agreement of the modeled scour depths and evolutions could be shown.
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Mara Jauane Nicholas, Ravindra Jayaratne, Takayuki Suzuki, and Tomoya Shibayama. "BUILDING FOUNDATION INSTABILITY INDUCED BY TSUNAMI SCOUR." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.currents.29.

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Understanding the role of tsunami-induced scour in building foundation instability can allow for the proper design of buildings located in areas prone to tsunami events. The process of tsunami scour around building foundations reduces the bearing capacity of the soil to support loading, lateral resistance and loss of soil- foundation friction (i.e. piles). Scour can cause loss of material around a foundation, due to increased pore pressure within the soil and removal of the soil during the tsunami, resulting in reduced bearing capacity of the soil (Macabuag et al., 2018). During the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, three similar failure modes of building foundations were experienced, namely overturning, sliding and bearing (scour) failure (Macabuag et al., 2018). According to Wright (2015), shallow foundations such as strip, slab or pad are vulnerable to erosion of surrounding soil causing scour during a tsunami. The present paper discusses the application of the scour depth predictive model of Nicholas et al. (2016) and the development of a Relative Risk Index for future design of building foundations accounting for tsunamis.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/u6QSmUe8YqA
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Yang, Ray-Yeng, Hsin-Hung Chen, Hwung-Hweng Hwung, Wen-Pin Jiang, and Nian-Tzu Wu. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE LOADING AND SCOUR OF THE JACKET TYPE OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE FOUNDATION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 21, 2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.25.

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A 1:36 scale model tests were carried out in the Medium Wave Flume (MWF) and Near-shore Wave Basin (NSWB) at the Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory (THL) with the jacket type offshore wind turbine foundation located in the test area. The loading of typhoon wave with current on the jacket type offshore wind turbine foundation was investigated in the MWF with fixed bed experiment. Meanwhile, the scour around the jacket type offshore wind turbine foundation exposed to wave and current was conducted in the NSWB with the moveable bed experiment. Two locations (water depth 12m and 16m) of the foundations are separately simulated in this study. Based on the analysis from the former NSWB experimental results, the suitable scour protection of a four-layer work around the foundation is also proposed to the impact of scour. Finally, a four-layer scour protection is tested and found to be effective in preventing scour around jacket type foundation of offshore wind turbines at water depth 12m and 16m.
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Kariyawasam, Kasun D., Campbell R. Middleton, Gopal Madabhushi, Stuart K. Haigh, and James P. Talbot. "Assessment of bridge natural frequency as an indicator of scour using centrifuge modelling." Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 10, no. 5 (July 18, 2020): 861–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13349-020-00420-5.

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Abstract One of the most prevalent causes of bridge failure around the world is “scour”—the gradual erosion of soil around a bridge foundation due to fast-flowing water. A reliable technique for monitoring scour would help bridge engineers take timely countermeasures to safeguard against failure. Although vibration-based techniques for monitoring structural damage have had limited success, primarily due to insufficient sensitivity, these have tended to focus on the detection of local damage. High natural frequency sensitivity has recently been reported for scour damage. Previous experiments to investigate this have been limited as a result of the cost of full-scale testing and the fact that scaled-down soil-structure models tested outside a centrifuge do not adequately simulate full-scale behaviour. This paper describes the development of what is believed to be the first-ever centrifuge-testing programme to establish the sensitivity of bridge natural frequency to scour. A 1/60 scale model of a two-span integral bridge with 15 m spans was tested at varying levels of scour. For the fundamental mode of vibration, these tests found up to a 40% variation in natural frequency for 30% loss of embedment. Models of three other types of foundation, which represent a shallow pad foundation, a deep pile bent and a deep monopile, were also tested in the centrifuge at different scour levels. The shallow foundation model showed lower frequency sensitivity to scour than the deep foundation models. Another important finding is that the frequency sensitivity to “global scour” is slightly higher than the sensitivity to “local scour”, for all foundation types. The level of frequency sensitivity (3.1–44% per scour depth equivalent to 30% of embedment of scour) detected in this experiment demonstrates the potential for using natural frequency as an indicator of both local and global scour of bridges, particularly those with deep foundations.
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Stahlmann, Arne, and Torsten Schlurmann. "INVESTIGATIONS ON SCOUR DEVELOPMENT AT TRIPOD FOUNDATIONS FOR OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES: MODELING AND APPLICATION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.90.

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Regarding offshore constructions, there is still a lack in knowledge of scour progression for complex structures like foundations for offshore wind energy converters at present, which is however necessary for its dimensioning. As an example of such complex structure types, tripod foundations are constructed in German offshore wind farms at present. In order to describe physical processes and influencing factors on scour progression from a scientific point of view, comprehensive investigations on the scouring phenomena for tripod foundations have been carried out and will be partly presented here. The overall investigation method consists of a combination of 1:40 small and 1:12 large scale physical model tests in wave flumes, numerical simulations using CFD methods and in-situ measured scour data. For the numerical modeling part, a sediment transport model formulation has been implemented into OpenFOAM software code. The results show a general variability of scour depending on the load boundary conditions and structural parameters. Scours occur both at the foundation piles and directly under the structure, which in this form could not be predicted using standard approaches, but which has to be taken into account when regarding the soil mechanical stability and the final dimensioning of the foundations.
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Ni, Xuan, and Leiping Xue. "Experimental Investigation of Scour Prediction Methods for Offshore Tripod and Hexapod Foundations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110856.

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Scour prediction is essential for the design of offshore foundations. Several methods have been proposed to predict the equilibrium scour depth for monopiles. By introducing an effective diameter, such methods could also be applied to predicting scour depth for pile groups. Yet, there are still difficulties in estimating the equilibrium scour depth of foundations in complex shapes, such as the tripod foundation. This study investigates the clear-water scour around the tripod and hexapod foundations through laboratory experiments, with uniform bed sediment and steady current. Here, the authors propose an approach to calculate the effective diameter for the tripod and hexapod models, which is similarly as for the pile groups. Three widely-used methods in predicting equilibrium scour depth have been evaluated, and the best method is recommended.
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Tu, Wenbo, Xiaoqiang Gu, Xianfeng Ma, and Dawei Huang. "Analysis of Lateral Dynamic Response of Caisson Foundation in Layered Clayey Soils considering Scour-Hole Dimensions." Shock and Vibration 2020 (October 16, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8827498.

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As a cross-sea or river deep-water foundation, it is clear that the caisson foundation will be subjected to significant lateral dynamic loads due to winds or waves and suffer from scouring under its long-term effect. In order to obtain the scour effect on the dynamic response of the foundation, an analytical model describing the scour-hole effect in terms of scour depth, scour width, and slope angle was constructed. Combined with the nonlinear Winkler theory, a method for the dynamic response of the caisson foundation considering the scour-hole dimensions was proposed. Comparisons against the results from the dynamic FEM demonstrate the reliability of this method. The effects of the scour width, slope angle, and scour depth on the dynamic response of the caisson were discussed. The results show that the scour depth affects the dynamic displacement and resonant frequency of the foundation most, whereas the scour width does less and the slope angle does the least; the dynamic response of caisson can be approximated as the case of the slope angle 5° and the scour width 5B when the slope angle is less than 5° and the scour width is greater than 5B, respectively; the effects of scour width and slope angle on the dynamic response of caisson have the similar change pattern in the displacement and resonant frequency when the scour depth is different. However, the effect of amplitude on dynamic response shows a nonlinear increase trend when the scour depth is relatively large.
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Wilms, Mayumi, Arne Stahlmann, and Torsten Schlurmann. "INVESTIGATIONS ON SCOUR DEVELOPMENT AROUND A GRAVITY FOUNDATION FOR OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.35.

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Due to insufficient insights about the scour development around the STRABAG gravity foundation, the Franzius-Institute conducted small- and large-scale physical model tests in wave flumes on a scale of 1:50 and 1:17 in order to investigate the wave-induced scouring phenomena around the foundation and to design a scour protection system. The tests on scour development without a scour protection system show that the main areas which are vulnerable to scour are the contact areas of the foundation. Furthermore, the experiments show that a scour protection system is necessary for the given and investigated wave boundary conditions; the performance of the selected protection system using geotextile sand containers is verified. Additional numerical simulations indicate an amplification of the resulting flow around the foundation under combined loads (waves and current), but without significant change of the flow pattern
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Harris, John M., Richard J. S. Whitehouse, Nicholas S. Tavouktsoglou, and Pedro M. Godinho. "Foundation Scour as a Geohazard." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 145, no. 6 (November 2019): 04019022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000523.

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Pizarro, Alonso, Salvatore Manfreda, and Enrico Tubaldi. "The Science behind Scour at Bridge Foundations: A Review." Water 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020374.

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Foundation scour is among the main causes of bridge collapse worldwide, resulting in significant direct and indirect losses. A vast amount of research has been carried out during the last decades on the physics and modelling of this phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to provide an up-to-date, comprehensive, and holistic literature review of the problem of scour at bridge foundations, with a focus on the following topics: (i) sediment particle motion; (ii) physical modelling and controlling dimensionless scour parameters; (iii) scour estimates encompassing empirical models, numerical frameworks, data-driven methods, and non-deterministic approaches; (iv) bridge scour monitoring including successful examples of case studies; (v) current approach for assessment and design of bridges against scour; and, (vi) research needs and future avenues.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Foundation scour"

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Kermani, Behnoud. "Application of P-wave Reflection Imaging to Unknown Bridge Foundations and Comparison with Other Non-Destructive Test Methods." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/234113.

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Civil Engineering
M.S.C.E.
Proper design of bridge structures requires an appreciation for the possible failure mechanisms that can develop over the lifetime of the bridge, many of which are related to natural hazards. For example, scour is one of the most common causes of bridge failures. Scour occurs due to the erosion of soil and sediment within a channel with flowing water. During a flood event, the extent of scour can be so great that it can destabilize an existing bridge structure. In order to evaluate the scour potential of a bridge, it is necessary to have information regarding the substructure, particularly the bridge foundations. However, as of 2011 there are more than 40,000 bridges across United States with unknown foundations. Generally for these bridges there are no design or as-built plans available to show the type, depth, geometry, or materials incorporated into the foundations. Several non-destructive testing (NDT) methods have been developed to evaluate these unknown foundations. The primary objective of this research is to identify the most current and widely used NDT methods for determining the embedment depth of unknown bridge foundations and to compare these methods to an ultrasonic P-wave reflection imaging system. The ultrasonic P-wave reflection system has tremendous potential to provide more information and address several short-comings of other NDT methods. A laboratory study was initiated to explore various aspects related to the P-wave system performance, in order to characterize the limitations of the system in evaluation of unknown foundations prior to deployment in field studies. Moreover, field testing was performed using the P-wave system and a number of the current NDT methods at two selected bridge foundations to allow comparison between the results.
Temple University--Theses
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Tavouktsoglou, N. S. "Scour and scour protection around offshore gravity based foundations." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044922/.

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The prediction of seabed scour around offshore gravity based foundations with complex geometries is currently a significant barrier to optimising and providing cost effective foundation designs. A significant aspect that has the potential to reduce the uncertainty and costs related to the design of these foundations is the understanding of the effect the structural geometry of the foundation has on scour. This thesis focuses on an experimental investigation of the scour and scour protection around complex structure geometries. The first part of this research considers scour under clear water conditions. During this study different foundation geometries were subjected to a range of different hydrodynamic forcings which enabled a better understanding of the scour process for these foundations. The second part of the research encompasses the design and execution of a series of experiments which investigated stability of the scour protection around such structures. The structures were tested against different combinations of wave and current conditions to determine the bed shear stress required to initiate sediment motion around each structure. This research has led to a number of novel results. The experimental investigation on scour around complex geometries showed that the scour depth around cylindrical structures (with both uniform and complex cross-sections) is linked to the depth averaged pressure gradient. Following a dimensional analysis, the controlling parameters were found to be the depth averaged Euler number, pile Reynolds number, Froude number, sediment mobility number and the non-dimensional flow depth. Based on this finding a new scour prediction equation was developed which shows good agreement with experimental and prototype scour measurements. The scour protection tests indicated that under wave dominated conditions the amplification of the bed shear stress around these structures does not exceed the value of 2. In the case of current dominated flow conditions the amplification of the bed shear stress is a function of the structure type and the Keulegan–Carpenter number. The results of these experiments were used to develop a “Shields type” diagram that can guide designers to select the appropriate rock armour size that will be stable for a certain set of flow conditions. The study also revealed that the long term persistence of flow conditions that just lead to incipient motion of the scour protection material can eventually lead to complete failure of the scour protection. The study provides a set of new design techniques that can allow designers to predict the scour depth around cylindrical and complex foundation geometries and also select the appropriate stone size for their scour protection system. Together, these techniques may allow for the reduction of costs associated with the scour protection of offshore and coastal structures.
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Hobson, Paul Myron. "Rheologic and flume erosion characteristics of georgia sediments from bridge foundations." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26660.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Sturm, Terry; Committee Member: Burns, Susan; Committee Member: Webster, Donald. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Pacheco, Gómez Rodolfo 1956. "CONTROLLING BRIDGE PIER SCOUR BY RIP-RAPPING." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276478.

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This thesis is a contribution to the existing knowledge of the nature of the scour hole around bridge piers. The analysis is based on the fictitious, long contraction concept developed by Dr. Emmett M. Laursen. This concept and its equation has been used herein to determine the size of rip-rap particles which will reduce the local scour at bridge piers. Evaluation of the parameters involved in it is required for sizing the rocks in a prototype. Values such as approach velocity, water depth, average diameter of the rip-rap particles in the scour, and geometry of the pier are among the values to be known. Both a graphic and an analytical procedure are proposed as a means to find the size of particles to be used as protection. The discussion and conclusions derived from this investigation will be of great help to civil engineers working in the field of river engineering.
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Florkowski, Ronald W. "Evaluation of Unknown Foundations." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3812.

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In recent years, bridge foundations have been in the spotlight throughout the nation. Bridges built over running water are susceptible to erosion or scour around their foundations. The reduction in load capacity to piers and abutments pose a safety risk to highway motorists. It has become necessary for engineers to examine and monitor these "scour critical" bridges. The difficulty arises with subsurface foundations of which very little is known about their construction. Hence, the methods applied to analyzing "Unknown Foundations" have become a necessary topic of research. This thesis explores a method to determine foundation lengths. Similar to Sonic Echo / Impulse Response, this procedure measures reflected shock waves sent through concrete pilings. The technique is non-destructive in nature and is performed near the surface of the foundation. The test is performed on the side of the exposed piling. Current methods are limited by the fact that the tops of most pilings are inaccessible due to pilecaps or beams. Often times, pilings are embedded in stiff soils, which have a dampening effect on the stress waves. This thesis employs a method of analysis that will overcome such limitations and provide engineers with another tool to determine subsurface foundation lengths.
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Collins, Carl. "Development and application of a computational model for scour around offshore wind turbine foundations." Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16530.

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There is a constant requirement to understand scour especially regarding its prevention, due to the potential impact and disastrous consequences. The installation of offshore wind turbines is haunted by scour mitigation and at the start of the offshore wind turbine boom in the early 2000’s this was achieved using overzealous amounts of rock armour. However, as investment and cost efficiency has increased, protection methods have been refined, but, there remains significant room for improvement. Research into offshore sediment dynamics has benefited greatly by computational advancements providing a greater understanding of processes and the driving mechanisms; leading to protection method improvements and reductions in environmental impact. The premise of this study is to push this knowledge further, by developing and validating a novel scour model within CFD software that can be used to simulate and analyse offshore scour; specifically, the scour around complex, new offshore wind turbine foundation geometries.
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Marei, Khaled Mohammed Said. "The stability of riprap for bridge abutments or embankments." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276676.

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The main objective of this research is to estimate the sizes of riprap (loose rock) on highway or railroad embankments approaching bridges, that would be stable in major floods. Two assumptions about the flow direction were made: one horizontal to the bridge abutment and the other normal to the projection of the bridge abutment. Three dynamic conditions of stability of riprap were observed and classified as shaking, some movement, and large movement (washing out). Shaking is the most conservative criteria for design because it indicates more stability than is necessary, requires larger rock, and is less cost efficient. Some movement suggests a conservative design criteria and is the most desirable because it requires smaller riprap and is therefore less expensive. Large movement or washing out means the least stable condition; it may leave the structure as well as human lives exposed to danger.
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Navarro, Hernan Ricardo. "Flume Measurements of Erosion Characterstics of Soil at Bridge Foundations in Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7267.

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Shelby tube sediment samples collected from the foundations of ten (10) bridges located in the state of Georgia were tested in the laboratory to find their erosional behavior and the correlation of erosion parameters with sediment properties in order to improve the prediction of scour around bridge foundations. These sites were spatially distributed in order to fall into different major river basins and in different physiographic regions. A description of the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain physiographic regions of Georgia is included, and the erosion parameters found from flume measurements are associated with their respective regions. Flume measurements were performed using a rectangular, tilting, recirculating flume located in the hydraulics lab in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Tech. Velocities up to 1.7 m/s and bed shear stresses up to 21 Pa can be achieved in the flume. Regression analysis was performed on erosion rates as a function of applied shear stress to determine the parameters of the erosion function. The resulting parameters, the critical shear stress and the erosion rate constant, were correlated with soil properties and physiographic regions. Experimental methodology was chosen to approach this problem because the involvement of interparticle forces for fine-grained materials makes it difficult to deal with the erosion phenomenon through other means. Nevertheless, analytical description of the erosion phenomenon was included in order to provide a better understanding of it. Linear, exponential and power regression mathematical models for erosion rate were compared, and the two best-fit regression models of erosion rate as a function of shear stress are proposed to formulate a methodology intended to characterize the behavior of a soil exposed to erosive flow conditions. One of them is a linear model to calculate critical shear stresses and low erosion rates. The second model, which is exponential, has the advantage of describing the erosion rate response for a wider range of shear stress values. It is shown that one of the most relevant predictors for the critical shear stress and erosion rate constant in the regression models is the fine material content present in the sample, which is an indirect indicator of the contribution of interparticle forces to the erosion process. Applying the described methodology, a more case-specific calculation of the erosion at bridge foundations can be performed taking into account the actual material in situ.
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Michalis, Panagiotis A. "Real-time monitoring of scour and sediment deposition evolution at bridges and offshore wind turbine foundations based on soil electromagnetic properties." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25704.

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Hesten, Peder. "Scour around wind turbine foundations, marine pipelines and short cylinders due to long-crested and short-crested nonlinear random waves plus currents." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15740.

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This report presents a stochastic method for predicting scour depth around vertical circular slender piles, including various cross sections and group arrangements, marine pipelines and the burial and scour hole geometry around short cylinders due to long-crested (3D) and shortcrested (2D) nonlinear random waves plus current. The waves are assumed to be stationary narrowbanded and the Forristall (2000) distribution of wave crest heights representing 2D and 3D random waves is employed including both sum-frequency and difference-frequency effects. The wave crests are assumed to be responsible for the scour response. The results for scour and burial around the various structure types are presented graphically versus a measure of the wave action evaluated at the seabed relative to the characteristic diameter of the structure and versus a measure of the current velocity relative to the maximum horizontal fluid particle velocity at the seabed. The ratios between the scour depth predicted by 3D, 2D and linear waves are also investigated. Examples of calculation based on typical field conditions are provided. Due to the distinctive character of the Forristall distribution, all the results are specifically given by the seastate and the characteristic structure diameter. There are several similarities in the ratios of the scour depth for the various structures. Overall, 3D and 2D waves will produce more scour and burial than linear waves. This is due to higher fluid particla velocity under the wave crests for 3D and 2D waves compared to linear waves. In deep water, the scour depth from 2D waves is largest and in finite water depth the scour depth from 3D waves is largest. This is due to larger sum-frequency effects for 2D waves compared to 3D waves in deep water and smaller difference-frequency effects for 3D waves compared to 2D waves in finite water depth.
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Books on the topic "Foundation scour"

1

Annandale, G. W. Rock scour of dam foundations. Denver, CO: U.S. Society on Dams, 2008.

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Lauchlan, Christine S. Pier scour countermeasures. Auckland, N.Z: Dept. of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Auckland, 1999.

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Keaton, Jeffrey R., Su K. Mishra, and Paul E. Clopper. Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22779.

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Kumar, Mishra Subhendu, Clopper Paul E, National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and United States. Federal Highway Administration, eds. Scour at bridge foundations on rock. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2012.

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Holtschlag, David J. Streambed stability and scour potential at selected bridge sites in Michigan. Lansing, Mich: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Johnson, Peggy A. Assessing stream channel stability at bridges in physiographic regions. McLean, VA: Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, Research, Development, and Technology, 2006.

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Sheppard, D. M. Scour at wide piers and long skewed piers. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2011.

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Gorin, S. R. Use of surface-geophysical methods to assess riverbed scour at bridge piers. Hartford, Conn: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Gorin, S. R. Use of surface-geophysical methods to assess riverbed scour at bridge piers. Hartford, Conn: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Gorin, S. R. Use of surface-geophysical methods to assess riverbed scour at bridge piers. Hartford, Conn: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Foundation scour"

1

Jia, Junbo. "Scour for Pile Foundations." In Soil Dynamics and Foundation Modeling, 589–600. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40358-8_20.

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Shang, Qianqian, Hui Xu, and Jian Zhang. "Study on Prediction Method for Compression Scour Depth of River-Crossing Bridge." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 219–31. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_20.

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AbstractRiverbed deformation caused by river-crossing bridge construction can be divided into compression scour and local scour. Compared with local scour, fewer studies have been made on the compression scour caused by bridge piers. It is noteworthy that, the compression scour can lead to riverbed scour of the whole cross section along a bridge site, which is obviously detrimental to the bridge foundation safety. Based on a summary of existing research findings, a prediction model for the compression scour of bridge piers is constructed, and the model is applied in predicting the compression scour depth of Shiyezhou River Bridge in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Firstly, the pier boundary treatment methods at different spatial scales are discussed. Subsequently, the selection method of flow and sediment processes is proposed from the engineering safety point of view, according to the flow and sediment characteristics on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Finally, the depth of compression scour around the upstream and downstream of Shiyezhou Bridge piers are predicted, and comparisons were made between the prediction depth of Shiyezhou Bridge and other existing bridges in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Comparisons show that the compression scour depth of Shiyezhou Bridge was basically equivalent to that of other bridges downstream the Yangtze River. The results indicate that the method for predicting the compression scour depth of bridge piers is reasonable and feasible, and the prediction of compression scour depth can provide technical basis for determining the embedment depth of the bridge pier foundation.
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Abd El Samee, Wael Nashaat, and Mohamed Kassem Elsamny. "Effect of Scour Depth on Ultimate Capacity and Settlement of Piled Foundation." In Sustainability Issues for the Deep Foundations, 258–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01902-0_21.

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Zhang, Qi, Xiang-Lian Zhou, and Jian-Hua Wang. "Numerical Analysis of Current-Induced Local Scour Under a Vibrating Pipeline." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Advances in Soil Dynamics and Foundation Engineering, 766–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0131-5_83.

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Liang, Fayun, Chen Wang, and Xiong Yu. "Numerical Study on the Performance of Bio-inspired Bridge Attachments as Local Scour Countermeasures with Attack Angles." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Advances in Soil Dynamics and Foundation Engineering, 729–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0131-5_79.

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Prendergast, Luke J., and Kenneth Gavin. "Monitoring of Scour Critical Bridges using Changes in the Natural Frequency of Vibration of Foundation Piles: A Preliminary Investigation." In Materials and Infrastructures 1, 199–209. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119318583.ch15.

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Bolle, Annelies, Piet Haerens, Koen Trouw, and Jos Smits. "Scour around gravity-based wind turbine foundations - prototype measurements." In Coasts, marine structures and breakwaters: Adapting to change, 2: 103–114. London: Thomas Telford Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cmsb.41318.0010.

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Chambel, J., T. Fazeres-Ferradosa, A. M. Bento, F. Taveira-Pinto, and P. Lomónaco. "Experimental study of long-term scour damage for protected offshore wind foundations." In Advances in the Analysis and Design of Marine Structures, 235–44. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003399759-26.

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Wang, Jinquan, Zhiyong Zhang, Zuisen Li, Yuanping Yang, and Xiaoliang Xia. "Scour characteristics of middle approach bridge foundations in Hangzhou Bay sea-crossing bridge." In Frontiers of Civil Engineering and Disaster Prevention and Control Volume 1, 497–506. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003308577-67.

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Takizawa, A. "Physical modelling of backward erosion piping in layered levee foundation." In Scour and Erosion IX, 33–38. Taylor & Francis, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429020940-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Foundation scour"

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Stroescu, I., and P. Frigaard. "Scour properties of mono bucket foundation." In The 8th International Conference on Scour and Erosion. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375045-40.

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Kariyawasam, Kasun, Campbell Middleton, James Talbot, Paul Fidler, Stuart Haigh, Jenny Roberts, and Gopal Madabhushi. "On the potential for using bridge natural frequencies to detect scour: an experimental study." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0293.

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<p>Monitoring bridges for precursors of failure has the potential to improve their safety and resilience. However, the most prominent cause of bridge failure, scour, is difficult to monitor as it occurs underwater. The potential to identify scour by monitoring changes in the natural frequencies of a bridge is studied experimentally in this research. A field study was carried out on a bridge with pre- existing scour confined to a section of a piled pier foundation, which was monitored throughout a repair process involving controlled backfilling of the scoured region, i.e. scour in reverse. The changes in natural frequency due to backfilling of the scour hole were unable to be captured experimentally as the estimated magnitudes (9% and 6 % for the first and second modes respectively) were of the same order as the variability of the natural frequency estimates. In order to study the relationship between natural frequency and scour in a more controlled environment, a geotechnical centrifuge experiment was conducted to simulate scour in a small-scale integral bridge model in dense sand. The model showed a significant (up to 40 %) change in natural frequency as a result of a scour depth equivalent to 30 % of the piled foundation depth. These experimental findings suggest that natural frequencies can potentially aid in detecting extensive bridge scour for piled foundations, but it may be challenging to detect localised scour limited to only a small portion of a foundation.</p>
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Ma, Shuaibin, Wenpeng Wu, Sisi Liu, and Shiguo Long. "Experimental Study on Scour Depth Monitoring of Bridge Foundation Based on Ultrasonic Wave." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1815.

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<p>Foundation scour phenomenon is the result of the water current erosion, which could lead to the removal of streambed materials around the foundation of bridge pier or abutment. The structural damage caused by foundation scour usually has no obvious foreboding. It will easily lead to bridge collapse without early warning. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the real-time monitoring of the foundation scour for bridges. This paper proposed an ultrasonic-based scour monitoring method for the bridge foundation. The local scour test model based on ultrasonic wave method is established by using the glass box in the laboratory. In the test, the possible scour pit is simulated by shaping the fine gravel in the glass box. An acoustic detector made by our research group was used for signal transmitter and receiver in the test. In addition, the influence of different inclination angles of the scour pit on monitoring result is also investigated in this study.</p>
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Stuyts, Bruno, David Cathie, and Yi Xie. "Scour Assessment and Measurements for Pile-Supported Wind Turbine Foundations." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10660.

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With the rapid development of offshore wind energy in Europe, a large number of piled structures are being installed. In areas with sandy seabed conditions, erosion of sediment by the actions of wave and current can negatively influence foundation capacity. An accurate prediction model of scour around the piles is therefore required. Well-accepted scour prediction methods exist; both for the equilibrium scour depth and the time scale of scour [1] around single piles. These standard formulas have been combined with metocean data and a hindcasting model to calculate the expected scour depth around piles of wind turbine tripod foundations. Other causes of scour, such as pile-pile interaction, effect of proximity of structural members to the seabed, and seabed mobility were also assessed in order to determine the amount of global scour to be considered. The scour predictions were compared to measurements taken at an offshore wind turbine foundation at Park Alpha Ventus (PAV) in the German North Sea [2]. The data showed very good agreement with the measured scour around the piles. Both the equilibrium scour depth and time scale of scour were well predicted using the hindcasting model. The measured scour below the central column of the tripod structure exceeded expectations; this is believed to be due to a pumping effect during storm episodes. Finally, the effect of scour on the vertical effective stress around the tripod piles was assessed with a finite element model. Local scour had an important effect while scour below the centre of the structure had a much more limited effect. Considering the combined effects of multiple pile interaction, scour below the central column, and making an allowance for seabed mobility, an equivalent global scour depth for pile capacity calculations was established.
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Plenker, Désirée, Evelyn Heins, and Jürgen Grabe. "Shape Optimisation of Model Scale Geotextile Sand Containers (GSC) Regarding Sinking Behaviour: First Results of Physical Model Tests." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54873.

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Energy transition towards sustainable power generation affects the offshore wind energy sector greatly. Due to extensive research work and technological developments, the number of foundation types for offshore wind energy plants has increased significantly. Independent of foundation type, each structure influences the ecological and hydrodynamic regime surrounding the structure. As a consequence, local flow turbulences may cause scours at the seabed and can lead to a reduction of structure stability. Geotextile sand containers (GSC) are an approved method for scour protection. During installation of scour protection systems, the sinking behaviour of GSC is affected by translational and rotational movement, which impedes an accurate positioning of GSC. Physical model tests have been conducted to analyse the influence of container shape and material properties of GSC. This paper presents the results of these model tests.
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de Sonneville, Ben, Greta van Velzen, and Jan Wigaard. "Design and Optimization of Scour Protection for Offshore Wind Platform DolWin Beta." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23154.

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DolWin Beta is a large offshore power converter platform, which will be used to connect multiple offshore wind farms off the German coast to the main land. It will be located in a water depth of 29m, where tidal currents and harsh wave conditions may cause soil erosion (scour) and possibly undermining of the foundation if not protected properly. Laboratory experiments were conducted in order to investigate the scouring around the foundation and provide an optimized layout for scour protection. This paper summarizes the initial scour assessment, the design approach for scour protection, the experimental set-up, test program, monitoring techniques and results of the experiments. The test results revealed which zones of the scour protection around the foundation were most sensitive to shear failure and edge scour. In steps, the scour protection was strengthened in these zones and reduced in the more sheltered areas. The tests showed that the magnitude of rock displacement, apart from wave height and direction, was significantly influenced by the superimposed current velocity. Based on a test without scour protection, the sequence of installation was adjusted to minimize risks of scour during installation. Finally, a stable scour protection layout was obtained that was fully verified under extreme storms and long-term effects of edge scour.
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Sheppard, D. Max, and Tom Glasser. "Local Scour at Bridge Piers with Complex Geometries." In International Foundation Congress and Equipment Expo 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41022(336)65.

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Li, Ya, Xingnian Chen, Shejun Fan, Jean-Louis Briaud, and Hamn-Ching Chen. "Is Scour Important for Pile Foundation Design in Deepwater?" In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/19906-ms.

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Harris, John M., Richard J. S. Whitehouse, and James Sutherland. "Marine Scour and Offshore Wind: Lessons Learnt and Future Challenges." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50117.

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The drive for developing marine offshore renewables has led to specific requirements for scour hazard assessment relating to the associated foundation structures and the cabling necessary for in-field transmission and power export. To date within the United Kingdom (UK) a number of demonstrator projects have been constructed covering wind, wave and tidal generation. However, only offshore wind has been developed at large-scale at present as part of two rounds of commercial development of offshore wind farms (OWFs). In June 2008, The Crown Estate, responsible for licensing seabed use, announced proposals for a third round of offshore wind farms to develop an additional 25 GW of energy to the 8 GW already planned for under Rounds 1 and 2. The size of these Round 3 developments will vary, but the largest of these zones will involve the construction of around 2500 seabed foundation structures. Under Round 1 and 2 developments monopile and jacket type foundations have been used, although several other European (non UK) wind farms have been built using gravity base foundations. For a wind turbine the foundations may account for up to 35% of the installed cost. Therefore, one of the future challenges for large volume installation of offshore wind is the control and minimization of these costs. For tidal energy devices one of the principal requirements for many of the devices proposed is their placement in areas of strong tidal energy, and this has implications not only for the stability of the foundation option, but also for the construction methodology. Similarly wave energy devices are designed to be located in shallow, coastal environments as either floating or bottom mounted systems. These devices, by design, are intended to be located in environments with strong wave action. This may be substantial during storm events, which has implications for the integrity of the anchoring system keeping the wave device on station or the design of the device if it is seabed mounted. This paper will explore the lessons learnt from existing offshore wind farm developments as this represents the principal body of collected monitoring data. Using these data the paper will outline some of the challenges facing the offshore renewable industry in respect of the foundation designs and specifically the requirements for scour hazard assessment using the combined experience from those developments currently operational or under construction.
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Koito, N., K. Horikoshi, and A. Takahashi. "Physical modelling of backward erosion piping in foundation beneath levee." In The 8th International Conference on Scour and Erosion. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375045-55.

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Reports on the topic "Foundation scour"

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Breland, Benjamin, Janet Simms, William Doll, Jason Greenwood, and Ronald Kaufman. Waterborne geophysical investigation to assess condition of grouted foundation : Old River Control Complex – Low Sill Structure, Concordia Parish, Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44183.

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The Old River Low Sill Structure (ORLSS) at the Old River Control Complex (ORCC) in Concordia Parish, LA, is a steel pile-founded, gated reinforced-concrete structure that regulates the flow of water into the Atchafalaya River to prevent an avulsion between the Mississippi River and the Atchafalaya River. A scour hole that formed on the southeast wall of ORLSS during the Mississippi River flood of 1973 was remediated with riprap placement and varied mixtures of self-leveling, highly pumpable grout. Non-invasive waterborne geophysical surveys were used to evaluate the distribution and condition of the grout within the remediated scour area. Highly conductive areas were identified from the surveys that were interpreted to consist mostly of grout. Resistive responses, likely representing mostly riprap and/or sediment, were encountered near the remediated scour area periphery. A complex mixture of materials in the remediated scour area is interpreted by the more gradual transitions in the geophysical response. Survey measurements immediately beneath ORLSS were impeded by the abundance of steel along with the structure itself. The survey results and interpretation provide a better understanding of the subsurface properties of ORLSS.
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Walshire, Lucas, Joseph Dunbar, and Benjamin Breland. Stability analysis of Old River Low Sill Structure. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45349.

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An updated stability analysis was performed on the Old River Low Sill Structure due to a change in the operating conditions from historic river sedimentation. Sedimentation of the Mississippi River channel since the 1973 spring flood has caused higher river stages at lower discharges. Numerical methods used included nonlinear analysis of pile group stability, seepage analyses, and limit equilibrium methods. The structure’s foundation was compromised during the 1973 flood, and emergency repairs were conducted to prevent scouring and undermining of the foundation by the flood scour. Rehabilitation included the reconstruction of a failed wing wall on the left abutment, rock and riprap fill in the forebay channel, and emergency grouting to fill the scour hole beneath the structure. An operating restriction was emplaced to limit the differential head across the structure due to flood damage. Taking these conditions into account, results from an updated analysis showed that full headwater uplift caused increased tension in the piles, while the increased body load caused increased compressive loads in the piles. Review of piezometric monitoring and the seepage analyses showed that full headwater uplift is unlikely, indicating the foundation grouting adequately sealed the scour hole beneath the structure. Analysis results exhibited lower magnitude compression and tension loads in the piles with design load cases compared to previous analyses. Recommendations from these analyses indicate that increased monitoring and additional investigation may support increasing the differential head limitation.
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Sherrod, Curt. Development of an Agent-Based Supply Chain Management Simulation Tool Using the SCOR Model as the Foundation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada510452.

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