Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Foundation design'
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1
Wong, King Cheong. "Expert systems for foundation design." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1990. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26306.
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Expert system technology has been brought from Artificial Intelligence research laboratories to the real world over the last decade. However, to date, there are few expert systems that have been developed for foundation design work. The problems are due to technical and psychological factors and are similiar to those when computers were firstly introduced.
In this thesis, the difficulties of building expert systems for foundation engineering application are identified. The work in this thesis is an attempt to study the applicability of expert systems to foundation design and find solutions to existing difficulties. The thesis explores ways in which geotechnical engineers can be persuaded to accept the technology and develop their own systems, or to use developed systems to assist their work. Features of conventional expert systems are investigated, modified and improved such that the developed systems are more suitable for foundation design work and engineers may have more confidence in developing systems or using the developed systems. Three ways of building expert systems are studied and compared in terms of flexibility, user and developer-friendliness, user-confidence, and validation of the developed system. The three ways involve: i) using Turbo PROLOG to encode the system from ‘scratch’, ii) using a development tool (also termed a shell in this thesis), and iii) using a spreadsheet.
A new shell is specifically designed and developed to facilitate the second approach. Examples of systems for geotechnical application using each approach are described in detail in this thesis.
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Chavez, Jose O. "Notes on foundation engineering." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9827.
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Buwert, Peter. "Ethical design : a foundation for visual communication." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1577.
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The central original contribution to knowledge proposed by this thesis is the setting forth of a conceptualisation of ethical theory specifically in relation to design, with a focus on visual communication design. Building on earlier work by design theorist Clive Dilnot in the area of design ethics and on philosopher Giorgio Agamben’s formulation of the philosophical concept of potentiality, a way of thinking about the relationship between design and ethics is proposed which concludes that design is in fact always inherently ethical. However, this conception of ethical design purposefully leaves questions of the qualification of good and bad unresolved, stating only that the ethical is the prerequisite condition in which both good and bad become possibilities. Design’s significantly unethical capability to suppress and anaesthetise individuals’ ethical experience is highlighted through a proposal of a process of an/aesth/ethics. Observation of the relationship between design and ethics in the real world through a series of interviews demonstrates something of the complexity of design’s relationship with ethics and the diverse range of positions, beliefs, attitudes and paradoxes abounding within the design profession when it comes to addressing the question of “good” design practice. Six “sites” of ethics within contemporary design discourse are introduced and discussed. The ethicality of design practices in relation to these sites are then analysed through the lens of the proposed ethical framework: identifying strengths, weaknesses and potentials within these observed strategies. The way of thinking about ethical design proposed here demonstrates potential in contributing to designers’ ability to critically consider the ethicality of their own practices. From this foundation they may be better equipped to begin addressing the question of the qualification of the “goodness” of design. In conclusion, proposals are made for how this framework could be practically developed and used to support and encourage ethical design in the real world.
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Eslaamizaad, Soheil. "Site characterization and foundation design in sands." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22980.pdf.
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BORGA, PAULA CECILIA. "DESIGN PARAMETER FOR EVALUATION OF PILE FOUNDATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2037@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOROs projetos de capacidade de suporte de estacas estão baseados em dados de ensaio de campo de maneira direta ou indireta. Devido a sua praticidade, os métodos empíricos são amplamente utilizados. No Brasil os métodos de Decourt e Quaresma (1978, 1982) e de Aoki e Velloso (1975) se destacam. Este trabalho procura avaliar o uso de dados de SPT e CPT para estimativa de parâmetros geotécnicos necessários na previsão de capacidade de suporte de estacas através de métodos teóricos. São apresentadas e avaliadas formulações empíricas de estimativa de parâmetros para materiais granulares e materiais argilosos. Outro elemento importante na previsão da capacidade de suporte é o estado de tensões atuante em torno da estaca que é analisado através de considerações a respeito do coeficiente de empuxo. Finalmente, são mostrados alguns resultados de provas de carga para a análise da seleção de parâmetros e do estado de tensões, além de uma avaliação dos métodos empíricos de previsão de capacidade de suporte.
The main objective of this thesis is to discuss the applicability of in-situ tests like the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) to determine directly the design parameters to predict the bearing capacity of pile foundations. In case it will be considered the use of empirical correlation to indicate the mechanical properties of the soil in terms of shear resistance, and the application of these values directly in the classic formulation based on the theory of equilibrium limit to evaluate distinctly the shaft and the base resistance of piles. Adaptations of these values will be proceeded considering aspects related with the non-linear behavior of the soil; the mechanism of load transfer and the influence of the constructive aspects.The results obtained through this new methodology will be compared with experimental results, obtained from static and dynamic load tests and also with other empiric procedures that use the results obtained from in-situ tests to evaluate directly the bearing capacity of deep foundations.
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Thompson, Stephanie C. "Rational design theory: a decision-based foundation for studying design methods." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39490.
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While design theories provide a foundation for representing and reasoning about design methods, existing design theories do not explicitly include uncertainty considerations or recognize tradeoffs between the design artifact and the design process. These limitations prevent the existing theories from adequately describing and explaining observed or proposed design methods.
In this thesis, Rational Design Theory is introduced as a normative theoretical framework for evaluating prescriptive design methods. This new theory is based on a two-level perspective of design decisions in which the interactions between the artifact and the design process decisions are considered. Rational Design Theory consists of normative decision theory applied to design process decisions, and is complemented by a decision-theory-inspired conceptual model of design.
The application of decision analysis to design process decisions provides a structured framework for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of design methods. The qualitative evaluation capabilities are demonstrated in a review of the systematic design method of Pahl and Beitz. The quantitative evaluation capabilities are demonstrated in two example problems. In these two quantitative examples, Value of Information analysis is investigated as a strategy for deciding when to perform an analysis to gather additional information in support of a choice between two design concepts. Both quantitative examples demonstrate that Value of Information achieves very good results when compared to a more comprehensive decision analysis that allows for a sequence of analyses to be performed.
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Hammond, Alisha M. "Establishing a quantitative foundation for exactly constrained design /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd326.pdf.
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VELOZO, LILIANE TOJEIRA. "METHODIZATION OF TRANSMISSION LINE FOUNDATION - STUDY AND DESIGN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16178@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
As fundações dos elementos de apoio de uma linha aérea de transmissão de energia elétrica situam-se ao longo de extensos traçados, onde diferentes condições de apoio para as estruturas são encontradas em razão da variação natural dos horizontes. Tal configuração pode levar alternativamente a se programarem estudos e sondagens especiais em cada local de suporte, fazendo crescer os custos e prazos de projeto, ou ao contrário, reduzindo drasticamente a investigação, com prejuízos evidentes ao planejamento, execução e economia da obra de implantação da linha de transmissão. Dessa maneira, são organizados e propostos procedimentos para avaliação do terreno segundo as suas orografia, hidrografia, geologia e pedologia e do ambiente atmosférico local, cujas manifestações são capazes de impor severas solicitações às torres e, indiretamente, às fundações. É eleita a região da bacia do rio da Prata para constituir o grande cenário do estudo, quer pela abundância de dados e informações disponíveis sobre linhas de transmissão já em carga, ou ainda em construção, nessa região. Assim sendo, desenvolve-se uma metodização para orientar o estudo dessas fundações, considerando o conjunto torre x terreno x fundação e buscando soluções técnicas convenientes e economicamente aceitáveis, atendendo assim ao binário desempenho-custo. Para as torres são considerados os modelos auto-suportados e estaiados, o terreno é variado entre algumas categorias identificadas na região e as fundações são representadas pelas superficiais, em sapatas, e pelas profundas do tipo tubulão. Buscando, ainda, auxiliar no aprimoramento dos projetos de fundações para suportes de linhas de transmissão, é desenvolvido um estudo de confiabilidade estrutural tendo como modelo algumas das fundações pré-selecionadas para a metodização primariamente desenvolvida. São determinadas as probabilidades de falha dessas fundações através do programa FERUM e, a partir do levantamento dos prejuízos financeiros causados pela falha desses elementos, determina-se o risco de falha. Por último, é desenvolvido um estudo paramétrico para avaliar a influência do projeto de fundação, do tipo de solo e da velocidade de vento sobre a probabilidade de falha.
The transmission line tower foundations are executed following extensive paths, where different structural foundation conditions are found, in reason of natural horizontal ground layer variations. Then, one may alternatively to schedule and to execute special and specific studies or, conversely, to substantially reduce the geothecnical investigation, with sensible economical loses in the transmission line design and behavior. In such way, a methodology is proposed to evaluate conveniently the site according to its geology, orography , hydrography and pedology as well to related atmospheric local manifestations, able to submit severe mechanical solicitations to the towers and their foundations. In this way, one proposes a methodology to govern the study of these foundations, considering the tower x site x foundation relations and searching for convenient technical and acceptable economical solutions. Guyed and self-supported models are considered for towers, and the foundations are represented by footings, as the superficial type, and piers, as the deep type. The rio do Prata basin is chosen to constitute the large scenery of the study, because its abundant available data concerned to already operational transmission lines, or still under design and construction ones. Moreover, seeking the improvement of the tower foundation design a study based on structural reliability is developed considering some foundation models selected as mentioned above. Foundation failure probabilities are determined by the FERUM computational program and the risk of failure is obtained from economical damages caused by foundation failures. In the last, a parametric study is developed to evaluate how does the failure probability behave according to variations in the foundation soil, wind velocity and footing dimensions and depth.
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Hammond, Alisha M. "Establishing A Quantitative Foundation for Exactly Constrained Design." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/115.
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Exactly constrained (EC) design is a robust design method which can be used for mechanical assemblies. It entails using the minimum number of constraints to eliminate all desired motion. While found by some engineers in industry to have many benefits (including robust assembly, no binding or play, ease of assembly, and the ability to tolerate the wear of parts), EC designs remain somewhat unrecognized by academia. One reason for this minimal exposure may be the lack of a quantitative foundation for such designs. This thesis describes the history and current background for EC designs, and it also begins to develop a quantitative foundation for EC design based on several mathematical methods. EC designs can be analyzed quite simply by understanding that they are statically determinate. Because of this, the equations of equilibrium can be used to validate the rules and the nesting force window that have been defined by Blanding [1999]. In addition, a generalized method using the equations of equilibrium has been developed in this thesis to analyze an EC design based on the locations of the constraints and to find the nesting force window. The direct linearization method (DLM) is another mathematical method used to quantify information in an EC design. While EC designs provide many advantages, some EC assemblies may be "better" than others. A quantitative measure of goodness is developed in this thesis using the DLM. The goodness value assigned to each design through this process can either be used to make a decision on an individual design, or it can be used to compare similar EC designs. Finally, the robust nature of EC design is examined using a Monte Carlo simulation. In general, the results show that EC designs have a higher rate of assembly than similar designs that are over-constrained. They are more robust. In addition, EC designs have lower assembly error than the similarly over-constrained assemblies.
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Edwards, Jonathan Paul. "Laboratory characterisation of pavement foundation materials." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/3067.
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Pavement foundations for major roads in the UK were historically designed on an empirical basis, related to a single design chart, restricting the incorporation of superior performing materials or materials for which the empirical data sets were not available. The adoption of performance based specifications was promoted as they are perceived to 'open up' the use of alternative materials (including 'local' sources of primary materials) or techniques, and allow for the incorporation of superior performance into the overall pavement design. Parallel developments to the performance based design of pavement foundations (allowing for superior performance) and in situ testing required the support of laboratory based performance tests. These laboratory based tests were required to determine material performance parameters (elastic modulus and resistance to permanent deformation) for both unbound and hydraulically bound pavement foundation materials. A review of the available laboratory apparatus indicated that they were either; unrealistic (and hence unable to provide the required material performance parameters), or overly complex and more suited to fundamental research. Therefore, the requirement for developmental research work was identified. The research reported herein details the development, manufacture and initial evaluation of simplified laboratory apparatus (the Springbox for unbound materials and static stiffness test for hydraulically bound mixtures) designed to produce the performance parameters of elastic modulus and relative resistance to permanent deformation for pavement foundation materials. The equipment and test procedure evaluation was undertaken across a range of materials, giving initial guidance on likely in situ performance. The innovative laboratory apparatus and materials guidance (including the potential to use recycled and secondary aggregates) was incorporated into key Highways Agency specification and guidance documents, which in turn influence construction practice outside of motorways and major trunk roads. This research concludes by outlining a number of recommendations for continued development and evaluation, including feeding back data sets from long term in situ performance testing for subsequent refinement of assumptions.
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Nicholson, John Corbett. "Design of wind turbine tower and foundation systems: optimization approach." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1042.
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A renewed commitment in the United States and abroad to electricity from renewable resources, such as wind, along with the recent deployment of very large turbines that rise to new heights, makes obtaining the most efficient and safe designs of the structures that support them ever more important. Towards this goal, the present research seeks to understand how optimization concepts and Microsoft Excel's optimization capabilities can be used in the design of wind turbine towers and foundations. Additionally, this research expands on the work of previous researchers to study how considering the tower and foundation as an integral system, where tower support conditions are not perfectly rigid, affects the optimal design. Specifically, optimization problems are formulated and solved with and without taking into account the effect of deflections, resulting from the foundation's rotational and horizontal stiffness, on natural frequency calculations. The general methodology used to transcribe the design of wind turbine towers and foundations into an optimization problem includes: 1) collecting information on design requirements and parameter values 2) deciding how to analyze the structure 3) formulating the optimization problem 4) implementation using Microsoft Excel. Key assumptions include: 1) use of an equivalent lumped mass method for estimating natural frequency 2) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-1 extreme loading condition controls design (i.e. fatigue loading condition is not considered) 3) extreme loads are obtained from manufacturer provided structural load document that satisfies loading cases outlined in IEC 61400-1 4) wind forces on the tower are calculated in accordance with IEC 61400-1 5) optimization variables are continuous. The sum of the tower material and fabrication cost and the total foundation cost is taken as the objective function. Important conclusions from this work include: 1) optimization concepts and Microsoft Excel's optimization capabilities can be used to obtain reasonable conceptual level designs and cost estimates 2) detailed designs and cost estimates could be achieved using a solver capable of handling discrete optimization problems 3) considering the tower and foundation as an integral system results in a more expensive, but safer, design 4) for the assumed parameter values, the constraint on the tower's natural frequency was found to control the tower design and the bearing capacity constraint was found to control the foundation design 5) relaxing or tightening the limit on the natural frequency will result in the greatest benefit or penalty, respectively, on the optimum solution.
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Yang, Haoran. "Pile foundation design for shear wall with coupling beams." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2768.
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The reinforced concrete shear wall is one of the most commonly used lateral load resisting structural components in reinforced concrete buildings. The purpose of this study is to analyze the two independent shear walls, which are connected with coupling beams in the presence of lateral loads. When a lateral load acts on one side of the shear walls, due to the highly rigid nature of adjacent shear walls, most of the stress concentrated on the foundation beam, coupling beams, and foundation piles. Different types of foundation beam design and different foundation pile arrangement could affect the strength of the overall structure. This study is focused on improving the design of the foundation mat and foundation pile arrangement to mitigate the design risks associated with the coupling wall structure.This thesis uses STAAD.Pro to establish 16 variety of computer models of different mat foundations and different foundation pile arrangement to analyze seismic loads. The results reveal that a continuous intense, rigid foundation beam is essential for the coupled shear wall structure, and the appropriate pile arrangement can also reduce the bending moment and shear force in the foundation beam and coupling beam.
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Myers, Toby. "The Foundation for a Scaleable Methodology for Systems Design." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366907.
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Abstract:Marketplace demand is driving the need to develop software systems of ever increasing scale.
Managing the complexity created by this increasing scale is crucial. Failure to adequately
address the complexity that emerges with increasing scale can play havoc with even the most simple of tasks. Mainstream software & systems engineering approaches are struggling to
manage the complexity of building large-scale software-intensive systems which is resulting
in the widespread failure of projects. These failures are the result of two deciencies in
mainstream approaches. Firstly, these approaches utilise abstraction to manage complexity.
Abstraction is a temporary solution which just delays the re-emergence of complexity until
the approach is applied to larger systems. Secondly, these approaches do not provide a clear
path from the requirements of a system to a nal work product. It is common instead for
a miraculous leap of intuition to occur from the initial requirements to a specication, a
design or a deployed system. To ensure requirements are met, the resulting work product
then must be iteratively re-evaluated against the requirements and corrected until it achieves
acceptable quality. This construct-by-correction approach results in unnecessary rework, and
can be overwhelmed by the complexity of large-scale systems.
The objective of this dissertation is to address the issue of scaleability in software &
systems engineering by providing the foundations for a scaleable, widely applicable, end-toend methodology. To achieve this we have extended Behavior Engineering (BE), which is
an integrated approach to systems development that supports the engineering of large-scale
dependable sofware intensive systems at both the systems and software engineering level.
BE uses a bottom-up process that enables each requirement to be modeled independently Abstract
and integrated one at a time to form a complete view of the system specication that is
built out of the requirements. Current research involving BE focuses primarily on using BE
models as a formal specication, which can then be further analysed using techniques such
as model-checking. This dissertation extends BE by providing a new design stage developed
within a model driven engineering framework.
The resulting end-to-end methodology is demonstrated using three case studies intended
to show a wide cross-cutting of applications. In the first case study, the extended BE
approach is demonstrated by deploying a BE design on an embedded controller.
In the second case study, the BE approach is combined with Modelica, a mathematical
modeling language. Together, BE and Modelica are used to develop a new approach called
Co-Modeling, which involves the development of systems composed of integrated software
and hardware components. Co-modeling is demonstrated with a case study involving the
development of an automated train protection system which monitors a train driver and
takes control of the train if a dangerous situation is not responded to. The developed comodel
is used to investigate co-modeling scenarios and to determine the eect that various
combinations of sensors, actuators and hardware platforms have on the behavior of the
integrated system.
The third case study introduces a migration approach to dealing with legacy systems
which uses a BE model as an intermediary. The approach is demonstrated using a realworld
case study from industry. The outdated circuitry is captured in a BE model using
a domain-specic extension and used to generate VHDL, a hardware description language.
To demonstrate the benet of using BE as an intermediary, the BE model is also used to
perform failure mode and eects analysis, a procedure more commonly applied to BE models
developed from software requirements.
Together these case studies demonstrate the potential of using a scaleable methodology
to manage the complexity of designing the software-intensive systems of software & systems
engineering.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology.
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Winters, Danny. "Selected Topics in Foundation Design, Quality Assurance, and Remediation." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5153.
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There are over 602,000 bridges in the United States, of which 12.5% are classified as functionally obsolete and 11.2% are structurally deficient. The functionally obsolete bridges will require expansion or replacement to increase the service capacity of the bridge. The structurally deficient bridges will either need remediation of the load carrying elements which are damaged or deteriorated or will need to be replaced completely. Replacement of the bridges means new construction; new construction means better design and quality assurance to meet the 100+ year service life requirement in place now. Rehabilitation of bridges will require better design and quality assurance to increase the current service life of the structure. This dissertation presents new design, testing, and repair methods developed to extend the life of new and existing bridges through pressure grouting, thermal integrity testing of drilled shafts, and the bond enhancement of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) repair materials bonded to concrete with vacuum bagging and pressure bagging, respectively.
Pressure grouting of drilled shaft tips has been used for over five decades to improve the end bearing capacity, but no rational design procedure had ever been published until this study. The research outlined in this dissertation analyzed nine grouted shafts and compared them to standard design procedures to determine the improvement in end bearing. Improvements ranged from 60% to 709% increase in end bearing capacity. From these improvements, a design procedure was developed for pressure grouted drilled shafts.
Post construction inspection of drilled shafts relies largely on non-visual techniques dealing with measured concrete quantities, acoustic wave speed or frequency, gamma radiation attenuation and now the internal temperature of the curing concrete. Thermal Integrity Profiling (TIP), developed at USF, utilizes the heat of hydration of curing concrete to evaluate the concrete cover, foundation shape, cage alignment, and concrete mix design performance. This research developed standard test equipment and procedures for thermal integrity testing.
Comparing the results of the different types of integrity tests is difficult due to the varied nature of the different tests. The dissertation looked at various shafts constructed across the nation which were tested with thermal and at least one other integrity test method. When compared to acoustic and gamma radiation test results, TIP agreed with 4 of 6 cases for acoustic and 2 of 5 cases using gamma radiation. In the one case were both sonic caliper and inclination data were available, TIP showed good agreement.
Vacuum bagging and pressure bagging are techniques for improving the FRP-concrete bond in the repair of partially submerged piles. Prototype vacuum bagging and pressure bagging systems were developed and bond improvement assessed from results of pullout tests on full size piles repaired under simulated tidal exposures in the laboratory. Pressure bagging gave better bond and was found to be simpler because it did not require an airtight seal. A field demonstration project was conducted in which pressure bagging was used in combination with two different glass FRP systems to repair two corroding piles supporting the Friendship Trails Bridge across Tampa Bay. Inspection of the post-cured wrap showed no evidence of air voids.
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Okraska, Magdalena. "Foundation design of mutlistorey building for southern Sweden (Skåne) conditions." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1064.
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Foundation is one of the most important part of construction. Is it a connection between the a structure and a ground that support it. Even in ancient times it was known that most carefully designed structure will fail if the foundationi do not give sufficient support. Thus the proper design of foundation and selection of adequate kind of foundation allow to avoid later constructional problems. Early foundation design was based mostly in intuition and common sense. Builders developed rules for sizing and constructing foundation through trial-and-error method.
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Yeomans, Richard Robin. "The foundation course of Victor Pasmore and Richard Hamilton, 1954-1966." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007507/.
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This dissertation seeks to establish the context, and trace the development of the foundation course established by Victor Pasmore and Richard Hamilton at the University of Newcastle-on-Tyne between 1954 and 1966. The course at Newcastle was representative of certain aspects of the basic design movement which marked a radical change in art educational thinking in the post-war period. To some extent, basic design teaching represented a dissemination of Bauhaus thinking in post-war Britain, and Part 1 examines the pedagogy of Kandinsky, Klee and Itten, thus establishing a framework of ideas against which the subsequent pedagogy of Victor Pasmore and Richard Hamilton can be set. Part 2 begins with the impact of the Bauhaus on Britain during the thirties and the immediate post-war period when industrial reconstruction led to increased demand for design training, and basic courses, loosely formed on the Bauhaus model, were introduced by William Johnstone at the Central School of Arts and Crafts. From the Central School emerge Pasmore and Hamilton, two artists who represented polarities in their respective commitments to abstraction and figuration. Because the foundation course mirrors the issues in post-war abstraction and figuration, Part 2 seeks to establish the context of the work of Pasmore and Hamilton by examining the theoretical basis of Pasmore's abstraction, and the sources of Hamilton's ideas and imagery located in the natural and man-made world, and in his expression of contemporary society. Part 3 examines the evolution and philosophy of the foundation course with reference to other developments in basic design at Leeds College of Art and the Newcastle/Leeds collaboration on the Scarborough Summer Schools. The subsequent foundation course programme is analysed section by section, relating its various aspects to the interests, influences, and creative preoccupations of Pasmore and Hamilton. The conclusion presents a critical evaluation of the course and assesses its influence on, and relevance to current issues in art education.
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Duchateau, Kristin Anne. "Structural design and performance of composite wall-foundation connector elements." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/k%5Fduchateau%5F071405.pdf.
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Ivarsson, Kristoffer. "Pile foundation, calculation method and design tables according to Eurocode." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94549.
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Because of the transition to a common standard for building regulations in Europe called Eurocodes, there is a need to update old reports that was written when old national standards were in use. A pile foundation is needed if the ground beneath a building does not have enough loadbearing capacity. The function of the pile cap is to distribute the load from the above construction on to the piles in the ground. The goal of this thesis is to create design tables with a number of type caps that can be use to quickly get a grip of the size, quantity of reinforcement steel and loadbearing capacity of the cap without the need to do any calculations. To create the values for the design tables the cantilever truss model was used. The truss is made up of the strut between the pile head-compression zone under the wall/pillar and the tie that is the reinforcement steel. The choice of this model makes it relatively simple to calculate the height and loadbearing capacity for the cap.The model from the theory part of the thesis is further explained by a calculation example that shows how the model has been implemented to create the design tables. The work with this thesis has been carried out at WSP and has it’s grounds in an handbook that they have there.
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Rogers, Mary C. M. "Control aspects of integrated design of wind turbines : a foundation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21367.
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The configuration of a wind turbine and its control system dictate the dynamics of the machine. Since the dynamics of each part of the wind turbine affect those of the others, the machine should be considered as an integrated unit. The objective of the research reported here is to lay the foundations for the control aspects of integrated design by determining the dependence of the power controller performance of medium- and largescale, actively regulated, up-wind, horizontal-axis, grid-connected wind turbines on their configuration, that is, the dependence of the magnitude of the loads experienced by the drive train on the machine characteristics. There is a tendency amongst manufacturers to move from conventional, heavy and stiff machines to ones with lighter and more flexible components which makes machines more dynamically active and hence makes the power control task more difficult. Simple thoroughly derived linear and non-linear models of the significant wind turbine dynamics for power control are used to obtain a greater understanding of how machine parameters effect the overall behaviour of the power train. The dependence of the power controller performance of different full-span and tip-regulated machines is discussed. Finally, explanation of the results is illustrated with regard to the design of a 1 MW wind turbine.
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Dallyn, Paul A. "Advances in foundation design and assessment for strategic renewable energy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24100.
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In order to meet EU legislation on emissions, significant effort is being invested into the development of cost-effective renewable power generation technologies. The two leading technologies are solar and wind power because of their potential for the lowest levelised cost of energy and for showing a growth in installed capacity and technological development. Various research findings have suggested that significant cost savings in the capital expenditure of renewable energy projects can be made through the optimisation of their support foundations, the understanding of which has formed the main goal of the research.
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Doyle, Matthew Edward. "The Foundation for CADSPAM: Computer Aided Design of SPAtial Mechanisms." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35730.
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This thesis presents the foundation of a computer program for the unified design of spatial mechanisms. The program will be capable of synthesizing any mechanism that can be described using an equivalent chain containing only revolute and prismatic joints. The supporting analysis routine will be general and will be able to analyze any lower pair mechanism using the iterative approach developed by Sheth and Uicker [1972].
Unlike precision point synthesis methods that allow only a limited number of positions to be specified, optimization will be employed to synthesize a wide variety of mechanisms. This approach will allow the user to interactively monitor and control objectives and constraints, which will yield practical solutions to realistic mechanism design problems.
The creation of this program will provide practicing engineers with the capacity to design many previously intractable spatial mechanisms.Master of Science
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Gario, Marco. "A Formal Foundation of FDI Design via Temporal Epistemic Logic." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368759.
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Autonomous systems must be able to detect and promptly react to faults. Fault Detection and Identification components (FDI) are in charge of detecting the occurrence of faults.
The FDI depends on the concrete design of the system, needs to take into account how faults might interact, and can only have a partial view of the run-time state through sensors. For these reasons, the development of the FDI and certification of its correctness and quality are difficult tasks. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that current approaches for verification of the FDI rely on manual inspection and testing. Motivated by industrial case-studies from the European Space Agency, this thesis proposes a formal foundation for FDI design that covers specification, validation, verification, and synthesis.
The Alarm Specification Language (ASLk) is introduced in order to formally capture a set of interesting and desirable properties of the FDI components. ASLk is equipped with a semantics based on Temporal Epistemic Logic, thus enabling reasoning about partially observable systems. Automated reasoning techniques can then be applied to perform validation, verification, and synthesis of the FDI. This formal process guarantees that the generated FDI satisfies the designer expectations. The problems deriving from this process were out of reach for existing model-checking techniques. Therefore, we develop novel and efficient techniques for model-checking temporal epistemic logic over infinite state systems.
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Gario, Marco. "A Formal Foundation of FDI Design via Temporal Epistemic Logic." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1676/1/gario_phd.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Autonomous systems must be able to detect and promptly react to faults. Fault Detection and Identification components (FDI) are in charge of detecting the occurrence of faults.
The FDI depends on the concrete design of the system, needs to take into account how faults might interact, and can only have a partial view of the run-time state through sensors. For these reasons, the development of the FDI and certification of its correctness and quality are difficult tasks. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that current approaches for verification of the FDI rely on manual inspection and testing. Motivated by industrial case-studies from the European Space Agency, this thesis proposes a formal foundation for FDI design that covers specification, validation, verification, and synthesis.
The Alarm Specification Language (ASLk) is introduced in order to formally capture a set of interesting and desirable properties of the FDI components. ASLk is equipped with a semantics based on Temporal Epistemic Logic, thus enabling reasoning about partially observable systems. Automated reasoning techniques can then be applied to perform validation, verification, and synthesis of the FDI. This formal process guarantees that the generated FDI satisfies the designer expectations. The problems deriving from this process were out of reach for existing model-checking techniques. Therefore, we develop novel and efficient techniques for model-checking temporal epistemic logic over infinite state systems.
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Steyn, Diane. "Conceptualising design knowledge and its recontextualisation in the studiowork component of a design foundation curriculum." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12015.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Universities of Technology have traditionally prepared students for the world of work and their close ties with industry directly impact on vocational curriculum, which has to impart subject knowledge and specialized knowledge valued by industry, whilst simultaneously encouraging the acquisition of vocational identity. This study of a Design Foundation Course’s curriculum is located at a University of Technology which is currently undergoing a process of re-curriculation, which has initiated a process of examining subject knowledge and its structuring in various course’s curricula. In the light of these developments, an examination of the nature of design knowledge and the role of the foundation curriculum in the transfer of core disciplinary knowledge to underprepared students appeared both timely and necessary.
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Shi, Hehuan. "Scheduling Batching Computing and Communication Tasks : Theoretical Foundation and Algorithm Design." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG025.
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Dans cette thèse, nous formulons et analysons une classe de problèmes fondamentaux d'ordonnancement de tâches découlant d'une variété de systèmes informatiques et de communication émergents: les tâches sont divisées en groupes; ceux d'un groupe peuvent être regroupés et exécutés simultanément; le but de l'ordonnanceur est de concevoir des algorithmes d'ordonnancement maximisant l'utilité globale du système. Sous le parapluie générique ci-dessus, nous étudions différentes classes de problèmes de planification de tâches de traitement par lots, établissant le cadre théorique correspondant, concevant des algorithmes de planification à la fois hors ligne et en ligne et illustrant leur application dans la planification des tâches de communication et de calcul. Nous commençons par le scénario de base de la planification des tâches de traitement par lots. Il existe un ensemble de tâches à exécuter sur un certain nombre de machines. Certaines tâches peuvent être exécutées simultanément sur une seule machine, tandis que d'autres nécessitent l'utilisation exclusive d'une machine entière. Nous recherchons une politique de planification optimale pour maximiser l'utilité globale du système. Nous développons un cadre algorithmique pour le problème d'ordonnancement ci-dessus sous la forme générique qui peut atteindre 1/2-optimalité, surpassant le meilleur résultat connu. Le cœur technique de notre conception est un mécanisme de relaxation LP adapté et une approche d'arrondi et de coloration qui transforme la solution de la relaxation LP en une politique d'ordonnancement réalisable 1/2-optimale. Nous démontrons ensuite l'application de notre cadre algorithmique pour résoudre le problème généralisé de diffusion proportionnelle en développant un algorithme d'approximation déterministe produisant une politique d'ordonnancement optimale l_min / (2 (l_min + 1)), alors qu'il n'existe que des algorithmes aléatoires dans la littérature. Nous formulons et analysons ensuite un problème fondamental d'ordonnancement de transmission en liaison descendante dans les systèmes de communication sans fil, composés d'une station de base et d'un ensemble d'utilisateurs, chacun demandant qu'un paquet soit servi dans une fenêtre temporelle. Certains paquets sont demandés par plusieurs utilisateurs et peuvent être servis simultanément en raison de la nature de diffusion du support sans fil. Par rapport au modèle de base, il existe deux particularités. Premièrement, chaque demande peut être servie par un sous-ensemble de stratégies de transmission. Deuxièmement, les demandes doivent être servies selon la méthode FIFO. Nous recherchons un algorithme de planification de transmission de liaison descendante maximisant l'utilité globale du système. Nous développons un cadre algorithmique du problème de planification de transmission de données de liaison descendante formulé dans les paramètres hors ligne et en ligne. Nous établissons d'abord sa dureté, puis développons des algorithmes d'approximation avec une garantie de performance mathématiquement prouvée en termes d'approximation et de ratios compétitifs pour les paramètres hors ligne et en ligne, respectivement. La troisième contribution de cette thèse concerne l'ordonnancement des tâches de batching de ressources contiguës. Un ensemble de tâches doit être exécuté sur un pool de ressources continues, chacune nécessitant un certain temps et une ressource contiguë; certaines tâches peuvent être exécutées simultanément par lots en partageant la ressource, tandis que d'autres nécessitent une utilisation exclusive de la ressource; les tâches sont servies à la manière FIFO. Nous recherchons une allocation optimale des ressources et la politique de planification associée maximisant l'utilité globale du système. Nous fournissons une analyse algorithmique complète du problème en établissant sa dureté et en développant des algorithmes de planification d'approximation pour les paramètres hors ligne et en ligneIn this thesis we formulate and analyze a class of fundamental task scheduling problems arising from a variety of emerging computing and communication systems: tasks are partitioned into groups; those in a group can be batched and executed simultaneously; the goal faced by the scheduler is to design scheduling algorithms maximizing the overall system utility. Under the above generic umbrella, we investigate different classes of batching task scheduling problems, establishing the corresponding theoretical framework, designing both offline and online scheduling algorithms, and illustrating their application in scheduling communication and computing tasks. We start by the baseline scenario of batching task scheduling. There is a set of tasks to be executed on a number of machines. Some tasks can be executed simultaneously on a single machine, while others require exclusive use of an entire machine. We seek an optimal scheduling policy to maximize the overall system utility. We develop an algorithmic framework for the above scheduling problem in the generic form that can achieve 1/2-optimality, outperforming the best known result. The core technicality in our design is an adapted LP relaxation mechanism and a rounding and coloring approach that turns the solution of the LP relaxation to a 1/2-optimal feasible scheduling policy. We then demonstrate the application of our algorithmic framework to solve the generalized proportional broadcast problem by developing a deterministic approximation algorithm outputting an l_min/(2(l_min+1))-optimal scheduling policy, while there exist only randomized algorithms in the literature. We then formulate and analyze a fundamental downlink transmission scheduling problem in wireless communication systems, composed of a base station and a set of users, each requesting a packet to be served within a time window. Some packets are requested by several users and can be served simultaneously due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. Compared to the baseline model, there are two particularities. First, each request can be served by a subset of transmission strategies. Second, requests need to be served in the FIFO manner. We seek a downlink transmission scheduling algorithm maximizing the overall system utility. We develop an algorithmic framework of the formulated downlink data transmission scheduling problem in both offline and online settings. We first establish its hardness, and then develop approximation algorithms with mathematically proven performance guarantee in terms of approximation and competitive ratios for the offline and online settings, respectively. The third contribution of this thesis concerns the contiguous-resource batching task scheduling. A set of tasks need to be executed on a pool of continuous resource, each requiring a certain amount of time and contiguous resource; some tasks can be executed simultaneously in batch by sharing the resource, while others requiring exclusive use of the resource; tasks are served in the FIFO manner. We seek an optimal resource allocation and the related scheduling policy maximizing the overall system utility. We deliver a comprehensive algorithmic analysis on the problem by establishing its hardness and developing approximation scheduling algorithms for both offline and online settings
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Yang, Zixuan. "Build an Active Foundation for Heavy Metal Subculture Community Success in Contemporary Society." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554212593057542.
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Davies, Hugh E. H. "Design and construction of Roman roads in Britain." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343169.
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Boughoufalah, Mohamed. "Earthquake input mechanisms for dam-foundation interaction." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63932.
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Vimalaraj, Panchalingam. "A simple equation for bearing capacity of a shallow foundation." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1438933.
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Ayfan, Emad. "Design method for axially loaded piled raft foundation with fully mobilised friction piles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209604.
Full textAbstract:
In the present work, a settlement-based method is proposed to design piled raft foundation. The proposed design method is found to be very efficient, economical and requires less calculation time. Simple software can be used to execute all the interactions and loop calculations.Unlike methods with numerical techniques, there are practically no limitations for the number of individual piles under the raft, size of the group and the group shape or layout. It can also be applied to piles with different length or piles that are located within multi-layered soils.
The raft is designed first according to the allowable settlement that is pre-defined by the structural requirements and with the necessary factor of safety. When raft suffers excessive settlement, then the load that causes excess raft settlement beyond the required limit is to be transferred to the fully mobilised frictional piles.
The fully mobilised shaft (with no end bearing) piles are designed with factor of safety close to unity since their function is only to reduce raft settlement and since the raft has an adequate bearing capacity.
Geometry of these piles is chosen to fully mobilise their shafts capacity with low settlement level in order to comply with load/settlement requirement and reduce raft settlement to the pre-defined level.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Karbe, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Context and Context Management : Epsilon-Theoretic Foundation and Operational Design / Thomas Karbe." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053904738/34.
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Anjum, Najam A. "Verification of knowledge shared across design and manufacture using a foundation ontology." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8818.
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Seamless computer-based knowledge sharing between departments of a manufacturing enterprise is useful in preventing unnecessary design revisions. A lack of interoperability between independently developed knowledge bases, however, is a major impediment in the development of a seamless knowledge sharing system. Interoperability, being an ability to overcome semantic and syntactic differences during computer-based knowledge sharing can be enhanced through the use of ontologies. Ontologies in computer science terms are hierarchical structures of knowledge stored in a computer-based knowledge base. Ontologies have been accepted by all as an interoperable medium to provide a non-subjective way of storing and sharing knowledge across diverse domains. Some semantic and syntactic differences, however, still crop up when these ontological knowledge bases are developed independently. A case study in an aerospace components manufacturing company suggests that shape features of a component are perceived differently by the designing and manufacturing departments. These differences cause further misunderstanding and misinterpretation when computer-based knowledge sharing systems are used across the two domains. Foundation or core ontologies can be used to overcome these differences and to ensure a seamless sharing of knowledge. This is because these ontologies provide a common grounding for domain ontologies to be used by individual domains or department. This common grounding can be used by the mediation and knowledge verification systems to authenticate the meaning of knowledge understood across different domains. For this reason, this research proposes a knowledge verification framework for developing a system capable of verifying knowledge between those domain ontologies which are developed out of a common core or foundation ontology. This framework makes use of ontology logic to standardize the way concepts from a foundation and core-concepts ontology are used in domain ontologies and then by using the same principles the knowledge being shared is verified. The Knowledge Frame Language which is based on Common Logic is used for formalizing example ontologies. The ontology editor used for browsing and querying ontologies is the Integrated Ontology Development Environment (IODE) by Highfleet Inc. An ontological product modelling technique is also developed in this research, to test the proposed framework in the scenario of manufacturability analysis. The proposed framework is then validated through a Java API specially developed for this purpose. Real industrial examples experienced during the case study are used for validation.
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Rica, Shilton [Verfasser]. "Improved Design Methods for the Bearing Capacity of Foundation Piles / Shilton Rica." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/120221875X/34.
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Oakley, Glenn W. "Fragment to foundation: photographic observation and tonal drawing as a point of beginning for architectural design." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53380.
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The medium of photography provides a first vehicle for the study of architectural and visual form. Through its employment, initially in a spontaneous and instinctive manner but with increasing understanding and awareness over time, a groundwork is laid for visual design in other media.
Continuous tone pencil drawing becomes the means to realizing the lessons learned through these photographic exercises. Through this instrument, subsequent studies reveal the need for architectural design to evolve as discoveries of place rooted in a visual seed anchor point and evaluated by the same visual judgment developed in the earlier photographic work. Beginning with fragmentary images, the range of inquiry in the drawings broadens over time to encompass ever larger concerns in the design of architectural places.
Reaching fruition in the design of a small retreat house, this process of study initially undertaken in photographic observation, following by drawn fragments and finally entire places, represents a paradigmatic approach to developing a working method of architectural design. The discovery of this design approach through the execution of the thesis itself constitutes the underlying theme.Master of Architecture
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Damla, Ozer. "Origins, Aims And Methods Of Basic Design Courses In Industrial Design Programs In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605712/index.pdf.
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This study examines basic design courses in industrial design programs in Turkey, in terms of origins, aims and methods. The aim of the study is to inquire the differences and similarities, and to understand factors affecting the characteristics of basic design courses. A field study was conducted about the subject, which comprised of interviews with instructors of basic design courses and chairpersons in six departments offering undergraduate program in industrial design in Turkey.
The field study indicated that the aims of the course in different institutions were similar, whereas the origins, methods and the content varied. Of the factors affecting basic design education, student admission procedure, background of students and the faculty that the industrial design department belonged to were found to be important. The differences among course instructors were also found to be as much significant as the institutional differences.
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Kling, Oliver, and Nils Dahlman. "Parametric Optimization of Foundation Improvements with RC Slabs on Piles." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254168.
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Parametric design has proven to be a powerful tool for structural engineers to find innovativesolutions to complex problems more effectively compared to conventional methods. Theflexibility off parametric design is immense since all types of structures depend on a range ofparameters that can be isolated, controlled and altered.In this thesis a parametric model was built with the software Grasshopper to manage thedesign process of a common type of foundation improvement. The technique has beensuccessfully used by Tyréns AB on several 19th century buildings in Stockholm in the pastdecade. The buildings were settling due to decay of the original wooden piles. To stop furthersettlements steel piles are drilled from under the building down to the bedrock. In thebasement of the buildings new and thick reinforced concrete slabs are cast which are connectedto the ground walls with concrete corbels.The available area for the installation of these corbels, the minimum distances between thecorbels and the dimensions of each corbel are all contributing factors that limit the number ofpossible design configurations. The dimensions of the concrete corbels affect the maximumload capacity which will determine their quantity and position. The corbels have to carry thevarying line loads and point loads acting on the ground walls from the structure above.With the plug-in finite element software Karamba, reaction forces in each pile were calculatedwhich also affected the possible designs.A well-functioning and adaptable parametric model presented logical results where decreasingheight of the concrete slab was affecting the capacity of each corbel which in turn generated alarger number of corbels. The model offered both manual control and automatic optimizationwhere real time variations of loads and reactions were shown depending on the changingdesign.In the optimization process which was based on genetic algorithm a cost function to deal withthe numerous contributing parameters was designed.Verification of important results increased the confidence in the model in most cases but thelack of trust in the calculated moments of each shell element created limitations. The thesisdoes not include a complete finite element analysis of the structures generated by theparametric model. However, it presents a simple export process to the third party softwareFEM-Design for verification.The role of the model was therefore not to work as a complete solution but as a powerful andeasy-to-use design tool for the structural designer to get instant feedback of chosen corbelplacements. The model offered a simplified way of achieving more slender and economicstructures both financially as well as environmentally.Parametric design was shown to be successful for solving structural problems if the model wasbased on appropriate engineering judgements.
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Robertson, Jason Liu Tsai Lu. "A scalable approach for deciphering core rationales as the foundation of new product development." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1642.
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Danielsson, Anton, and Niklas Kling. "Presentation av projektstatus samt design av automatiska tester." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13620.
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Denna rapport beskriver det arbete vi gjorde hos Ninetech i Karlstad. Målet med vårtarbete var att skapa en applikation som hämtar information rörande resultat av automatiskabyggen i pågående projekt. Sammanställningen av olika projekt skulle visas löpande. Vårtarbete kan beskrivas som två delar, en praktisk och en teoretisk del. Den praktiska delenbestod av att skapa en applikation som visar status på de olika projekt som Ninetech förtillfället arbetar med. Denna applikation är tänkt att köras dagligen på en skärm synlig förpersonalen. Skärmen är också tänkt att visa gästande kunder statusen på deras projekt.Applikationen visar bl.a. information om tester som körs på de olika projekten.I den teoretiska delen skapades ett dokument som Ninetech kan använda för att introducerasin personal till att arbeta med automatiska tester.This report describes the work we did at Ninetech in Karlstad. The purpose of our workwas to create an application that collects information about the results of automated builds inongoing projects. The combined information of projects should be presented continuously.Our work can be described as two parts, one practical and one theoretical part. Thepractical part consisted of creating an application that shows the status of Ninetechs currentprojects. This application is supposed to run daily on a screen viewable for the employees.The screen will also show visiting customers the status of their project. The application showsinformation about tests in the different projects among other information.In the theoretical section a document was created. This document can later be used byNinetech to introduce their personnel on how to work with automated tests.
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Zhong, Hai. "Dynamic Interaction of Vehicle and Bridge Subjected to Prestress Force Loss and Foundation Settlement." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25662.
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Plenty of bridges in U.S. are suffering from prestress force loss and foundation settlements. The loss of prestress force in bridge load-carrying members such as girders may lead to the malfunction and even failure of the prestressed bridges that comprises more than 55% of all new and replaced bridges built in US between the year 2000 and 2012. Settlement of foundations supporting the bridge piers and abutments impairs the superstructure integrity and serviceability of the bridge, or even collapses the bridge if the settlement is over a certain limit. In present study, the dynamic interaction between vehicles and the bridges subjected to prestress force loss and foundation settlement has been investigated. Based on modal superposition technique and principal of virtual works, new bridge-vehicle interaction models have been created to take the effects of prestress and foundation settlement on dynamic bridge and vehicle responses into account. With the developed models, numerical simulations have been performed to show that the prestress force makes the distribution of impact factors along the bridge unbalanced and the existence of foundation settlement may couple with road surface roughness of the bridge deck to possess an aggregated overall effect amplifying the bridge responses. In general, the vehicle responses are vulnerable to the prestress force loss and foundation settlement, which harms the riding comfort of passengers. The existed direct and indirect methods used for prestress loss identification are all based on the measurement collected from sensors deployed on the outside or inside of the bridge, which is not only costly but also inconvenient. The current study proposes to detect the prestress force loss of the bridge through the analysis of vehicle responses. Through simulations, it is found that light, low-frequency vehicles moving at low speeds have a better performance in detecting the bridge prestress loss than the heavy, high-frequency vehicles with high speeds. The advantage of the proposed method is that it only needs a few sensors installed on the vehicle, and works without interrupting the ongoing traffic, which is efficient and cost-effective.
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KURZ, ELISA. "Analysis on fashion design entrepreneurship : Challenges and supporting models." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20115.
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Entrepreneurship in the fashion industry is a substantial issue since the fashionbusiness landscape consists of many small actors that compete on the fashion market.On their way to a distinct position in the textile and fashion world, many fashion designentrepreneurs, who start up an own label, are confronted with personal challenges anda multitude of external obstacles. These companies need a structured venture launchand strong business foundations to survive the always troublesome first years of a newentrepreneurial venture. To run a sustained venture within the apparel industry may bemore complex and demanding than one would believe. In the fashion sector severalconcepts exist in order to support entrepreneurial companies’ growth. Three selectedsupportive concepts received by fashion entrepreneurs at early stage have beenexamined and analysed. The supportive models are business incubators for creativeentrepreneurs, the partnership of a designer and business partner and the concept ofan external professional management.Program: Magisterutbildning i fashion management med inriktning modemarknadsföring
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Mondrago, Quevedo Monica. "Probabilistic modelling of geotechnical conditions for offshore wind turbine support structures." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9205.
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The geotechnical conditions of the soil can fluctuate greatly across the wind
farm. This is an issue since geotechnical modelling is the base of the structural
design of an offshore wind farm, and the efficient installation of the wind
turbines depends on its accuracy. This paper deals with the characterization of
the seabed, predicting the soil properties over the total affected area by a wind
farm, with the challenge to reduce the required data samples in the site
investigation under the number of installed wind turbines, to reduce its cost.
It is compared the prediction outcome from two different interpolation methods,
kriging and radial basis function, assessing their accuracy by the Mean-Squared
Error and the Goodness-of-Prediction Estimate, as well as with a visual
examination of their mapping; obtaining higher accuracy for radial basis function
and reducing to half the required sample points, from the initial value of installed
wind turbines.
In a second stage it is studied the soil effect over the foundation, analyzing the
results from a FEA, where different geometries of the structure are compared
submitted to different load cases to check its limit states. Those results show
that the foundation cost can increase four times due to the soil conditions,
taking into account only the steel volume, and demonstrating how important is
the soil characterization in the foundation design, as it gives the chance to
relocate those wind turbines that require more expensive foundations.
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Hinson, Kenneth Paul. "A foundation for translating user interaction designs into OSF/Motif-based software." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40635.
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The user interface development process occurs in a behavioral domain and in a
constructional domain. The development process in the behavioral domain focuses on
the "look and feel" of the user interface and its behavior in response to user actions. The
development process in the constructional domain focuses on developing software to
implement the user interface. Although one may attempt to design a user interface from a
constructional view, it is important to concentrate design efforts in the behavioral domain
to improve software usability.
User Action Notation (UAN) is a useful technique for representing user interaction designs in the behavioral domain. Primary abstractions in UAN-expressed designs are user tasks. Information about interface objects is encapsulated in user task descriptions and scenarios. Primary abstractions in a GUI such as Motifâ ¢ are interface objects. Motif implements objects' behavior and appearance using system functions that are encapsulated within pre-defined object classes. Therefore, user interaction developers and software developers must communicate well to translate UAN-expressed interaction designs into Motif-based software designs. Translation is not trivial since it is a translation between two significantly different domains.
This thesis contributes to understanding of the user interface development process
by developing a foundation to assist translation of user interaction designs into Motif-based
software designs. This thesis develops the foundation as follows:
1. Adapt UAN for use with Motif.
2. Summarize Motif concepts about objects and object relationships.
3. Develop new approaches for discussing objects and object relationships.
4. Develop a partial translation guide containing VAN descriptions of selected
Motif abstractions.
Master of Science
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Charlton, Zachary. "Innovative Design Concepts for Insulated Joints." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35509.
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The main goal of this research is to develop new and innovative designs for insulated rail joints for improved life cycle and higher cost effectiveness. The research focuses on using electrically insulating materials that replace the epoxy used in current bonded insulated joints. Insulated joints (commonly known as â IJsâ ) are widely used on railways to electrically insulate rail segments from each other, while mechanically connecting them together. The electrical insulation is necessary for accommodating track signals. The mechanical strength is needed to ensure the rail and IJs are able to withstand the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral forces that commonly occur on track.
Insulating materials that can replace the epoxy used in bonded insulated joints are researched. The electrical insulation properties and mechanical strength of different materials are examined to determine the suitability of different materials for use in insulated joint. The most promising materials for use are determined to be fiber reinforced polymers and ceramics. Insulated joint designs are developed to accentuate the strengths of these two materials. The Insulating Metal Composite (IMC) insulated joint design that uses ceramics is determined to be the most promising of the new designs and is pursued through prototype fabrication.
This particular joint design is analyzed structurally using both closed form analysis and FEA analysis using the software package ABAQUS. Electrical analysis using PSPICE is carried out on the joint. Prototypes of several design iterations of the insulating metal composites are built and tested. A proof of concept static bending test of the insulating metal composites used to build the IMC insulated joint is performed using a Tinius Olsen compressive tester. A rolling-wheel load test is performed on a prototype IMC component installed in rail. Finally, a prototype of a complete IMC insulated joint is fabricated and installed on the FAST test track at TTCI facility in Pueblo, Colorado for field evaluation. Electrical testing using a megohmmeter is performed on a complete prototype joint.
Structural analysis shows that the components used to construct the IMC insulated joint can withstand the vertical and longitudinal loads applied to them. Electrical analysis shows that the joint can provide adequate electrical insulation and provides the required dielectric strength in the AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering. The proof of concept test shows that an IMC component can withstand 100 kips of static load without damage. The rolling-wheel load test shows that the ceramic in the IMC components can withstand a large shock load and that the rail used in the IMC insulated joints can survive repeated and shock loads. The testing of the prototype joint on the FAST track, which is ongoing at this time has shown that the new joint concept is fully capable of providing adequate electrical insulation and mechanical strength throughout the expected life of IJs.Master of Science
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KURZ, ELISA. "Challenges for fashion design entrepreneurship : a study of supporting models." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20138.
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Entrepreneurship in the fashion industry is a substantial issue since the fashion business landscape consists of many small actors that compete on the fashion market. On their way to a distinct position in the textile and fashion world, many fashion design entrepreneurs, who start up an own label, are confronted with personal challenges and a multitude of external obstacles. These companies need a structured venture launch and strong business foundations to survive the always troublesome first years of a new entrepreneurial venture. To run a sustained venture within the apparel industry may be more complex and demanding than one would believe. In the fashion sector several concepts exist in order to support entrepreneurial companies’ growth. Three selected supportive concepts received by fashion entrepreneurs at early stage have been examined and analysed. The supportive models are business incubators for creative entrepreneurs, the partnership of a designer and business partner and the concept of an external professional management.Program: Magisterutbildning i fashion management med inriktning modemarknadsföring
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Lusvardi, Cameron Mark. "Blast-Induced Liquefaction and Downdrag Development on a Micropile Foundation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8747.
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Frequently, deep foundations extend through potentially liquefiable soils. When liquefaction occurs in cohesionless soils surrounding a deep foundation, the skin-friction in the liquefied layer is compromised. After cyclical forces suspend and pore pressures dissipate, effective stress rebuilds and the liquefied soil consolidates. When the settlement of the soil exceeds the downward movement of the foundation, downdrag develops. To investigate the loss and redevelopment of skin-friction, strain was measured on an instrumented micropile during a blast-induced liquefaction test in Mirabello, Italy. The soil profile where the micropile was installed consisted of clay to a depth of 6m underlain by a medium to dense sand. The 25cm diameter steel reinforced concrete micropile was bored to a depth of 17m. Pore pressure transducers were placed around the pile at various depths to observe excess pore pressure generation and dissipation. Soil strain was monitored with profilometers in a linear arrangement from the center of the 10m diameter ring of buried explosives out to a 12m radius. Immediately following the blast, liquefaction developed between 6m and 12m below ground. The liquefied layer settled 14cm (~2.4% volumetric strain) while the pile toe settled 1.24cm under elastic displacement. The static neutral plane in the pile occurred at a depth of 12m. From 6m to 12m below ground, the incremental skin-friction was 50% compared to pre-liquefaction measurements. The decrease in residual skin-friction is consistent with measurements observed by Dr. Kyle Rollins from previous full-scale tests in Vancouver, BC, Canada, Christchurch, New Zealand, and Turrel, Arkansas.
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Mullen, W. Grigg. "An evaluation of the utility of four in-situ test methods for transmission line foundation design /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112007-092850/.
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Mullen, W. G. "An evaluation of the utility of four in-situ test methods for transmission line foundation design." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38760.
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Schmitt, Daniel A. "The effects foundation options have on the design of load-bearing tilt-up concrete wall panels." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1429.
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Bohn, Cécilia. "Serviceability and safety in the design of rigid inclusions and combined pile-raft foundations." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1096/document.
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Les inclusions rigides sont un concept récent développé dans le prolongement des fondations mixtes, avec un matelas de transfert de charges entre les colonnes et la structure. Des méthodes de calculs et des concepts de sécurité existent pour ces systèmes combinés, notamment en France où le module pressiométrique mesuré et les recommandations ASIRI (IREX 2012) pour les inclusions rigides sont utilisés. Le dimensionnement classique des pieux basé sur une simple vérification de la portance des colonnes isolées ne peut pas être appliqué à ces systèmes combinés. Les tassements peuvent être plus importants du fait de la part significative de charge reprise par le sol. Le présent travail est une contribution au développement des méthodes de calcul et de dimensionnement en déplacement (préconisé par l'Eurocode 7, EN 1997-1 2004) pour les systèmes combinés sous charge verticale, en particulier au niveau international où des mesures in situ de module de sol ne sont généralement pas disponibles. Les éventuelles particularités de ces systèmes, notamment la sensibilité de colonnes non renforcées de petit diamètre, devaient également être examinées. La méthode de transfert de charge (“load transfer method”, LTM) est identifiée comme un outil d'ingénieur particulièrement adapté au calcul des systèmes combinés présentant une géométrie relativement simple. L'interaction sol-colonne en frottement et en pointe est définie par des courbes de transfert de charge (ou courbes “t-z” et “q-z”). Les méthodes en milieu continu comme la méthode des éléments finis sont à réserver en général aux cas complexes. Le comportement non-linéaire des semelles est examiné sur la base de mesures obtenues dans la littérature. Cette étude aboutit à la proposition d'une courbe charge-tassement hyperbolique pour les semelles. Cette courbe de mobilisation est définie de sorte qu'il y ait concordance avec la méthode linéaire habituelle pour un tiers de la charge ultime de la semelle. Le comportement de pieux isolés est étudié avec de nombreux essais de chargement instrumentés et non-instrumentés pour différents types de pieux et de sol. Une alternative aux courbes de transfert de charge selon Frank et Zhao (1982), basées sur le module pressiométrique, est recherchée. Des courbes de transfert de charge de type racine cubique et hyperbolique sont proposées pour tous types de pieux et de sol. La raideur des courbes proposées dépend d'une bonne estimation des valeurs ultimes de frottement et de résistance de pointe. Au contraire, la raideur initiale des courbes de Frank et Zhao est entièrement définie par le module pressiométrique, ce qui permet d'éviter des erreurs en termes de raideur. Les courbes de mobilisation proposées pour les fondations superficielles et pour les pieux sont combinées et étendues au cas des systèmes combinés. Cette méthode est implémentée comme option LTM dans le programme KID (Keller company 2015). Les prévisions avec le modèle proposé sont en très bonne adéquation avec les mesures effectuées sur 3 sites documentés dans la littérature. Une étude paramétrique montre une transition continue entre la fondation mixte et les inclusions rigides et une possibilité d'optimisation avec une diminution significative des efforts dans les colonnes et dans la fondation superficielle si un matelas est utilisé. En complément, une comparaison avec des calculs en éléments finis en 3D dans un cas théorique de semelle sur colonnes confirme que la méthode de transfert de charge développée est très performante pour des géométries simples. Une analyse de sensibilité est effectuée avec des modèles éléments finis axisymmétriques et 3D avec Plaxis (2013, 2014). Les imperfections géométriques ont principalement une incidence sur l'intégrité structurelle des colonnes non-armées de faible diamètre. Cependant, ces effets sont atténués dans les systèmes combinés en comparaison avec la colonne isolée du fait des possibilités de redistribution des charges dans le systèmeRigid inclusions represent a further development of combined pile-raft foundations, comprising a load transfer platform between the columns and the structure. Calculation methods and design concepts are available for such combined systems in particular in France, based on measured pressuremeter modulus values and on the French recommendations ASIRI for rigid inclusions (IREX 2012). The conventional pile design consisting only of a bearing capacity check for the individual column cannot be applied to such combined systems. The expected settlements may be larger due to a significant load proportion supported by the soil. The present work contributes to the development of displacement-based calculation methods (advocated by the Eurocode 7, EN 1997-1 2004) and design methods for combined systems under vertical loads, in particular on an international level where in general no in situ soil modulus values are measured. Possible particularities of such systems, like the sensitivity of unreinforced small-diameter columns, also had to be investigated. The load transfer method (LTM) is identified as a straightforward engineering tool for the calculation of combined systems with relatively simple geometries. The soil-column interaction in terms of skin friction and tip resistance is described by deformation-dependent load transfer curves (or “t-z” and “q-z” curves). Continuum methods like the finite element method should be preferred only for complex cases in general. The non-linear load-settlement behaviour of single footings up to failure is analysed based on measurements given in the literature. This yields the proposal of a hyperbolic load-settlement curve for footings. This mobilization curve is defined in a way to match the linear usual method for one third of the footing ultimate load. The behaviour of single piles is investigated based on numerous available instrumented and non-instrumented pile load tests with different pile and soil types. A reliable alternative to the load transfer curves after Frank and Zhao (1982), which are based on the pressuremeter modulus, is sought. Cubic root and hyperbolic axial load transfer curves are proposed for all pile and ground types. The stiffness accuracy of the proposed curves depends on an accurate estimation of the ultimate skin friction and tip resistance values. On the contrary, the initial stiffness of the Frank and Zhao curves is fully described by the pressuremeter modulus, avoiding thus errors in the stiffness. The proposed mobilization curves for the shallow and pile foundation behaviours are combined and extended for all combined systems. The proposed method is implemented as the LTM option into the software KID (Keller company 2015). The prediction with the developed model matches very well the measurements made for 3 different cases from the literature. A parametric study shows a smooth transition between the combined pile-raft foundation case and the rigid inclusion case and a potential for optimisation with a significant reduction of the internal forces in the columns and in the rigid slab when a load transfer platform is used. In addition, a comparison with 3D finite element calculations for a theoretical footing case with columns confirms that the developed load transfer method is very reliable for simple geometries. Sensitivity investigations using the axisymmetric and 3D finite element method with Plaxis (2013, 2014) are performed. Geometrical imperfections impact mainly the structural integrity of small-diameter unreinforced columns. However, these effects are reduced in combined systems compared to the single column case due to the possibility of redistribution of the loads within the system
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Manke, Jonathan Peter. "ASSESSMENT OF SUPERPOSITION AS A DESIGN FRAMEWORK FOR THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT AND FOUNDATION REMEDIATION." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10162004-174736/.
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The problem of pile foundation reuse provides an ideal opportunity to evaluate the validity of superposition as a design paradigm for ground intervention and ground reinforcement (GIGR) techniques when used in combination with in situ foundations. Grouted, helical piers, a relatively new technology, are proposed as a capacity improvement option for existing pile foundations. The relationship between these geotechnical elements was evaluated through the axial and lateral testing of small-scale, cast-in-place foundations in uniform, dry sand. These tests showed that the implementation of ground modification techniques caused an increase in the axial and lateral load-deflection performance of the foundation, with superposition as the most probable design methodology.