Academic literature on the topic 'Found Speech'
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Journal articles on the topic "Found Speech"
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Afiefah, Aisyah Nurul, Dedi Sofyan, and Ira Maisarah. "A Comparative of Deixis Found in the Speech of Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi." Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing 4, no. 1 (June 13, 2021): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v4i1.1158.
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In listening to speeches sometimes there is a misunderstanding in interpreting the meaning of the speech in question. Through deixis can help listeners to understand the intended meaning of utterances in speech. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the types of deixis in speeches delivered by Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi. This study used a qualitative method using descriptive analysis as a data analysis technique. Data collection techniques used documentation techniques sourced from speeches by Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi. The research data was collected from 6 speeches sourced from 3 speeches delivered by Mike Pompeo and 3 speeches delivered by Retno Marsudi. The data analysis technique is by identifying and interpreting all types of deixis in speeches, classifying the types of deixis found in ministerial speeches, and making conclusions. The results show that there are five types of deixis found in Mike Pompeo speech, namely: people deixis, time deixis, place deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. Meanwhile, in Retno Marsudi speech, only 4 types of deixis were found, namely; people deixis, time deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. Differences are shown in the use of place deixis. The most dominant deixis used is person deixis in both speeches. Thus, the dominant type of deixis in speech can reflect the relationship between language structure and context that is not separated and must be communicated contextually and pragmatically. When listening to a speech, listeners can identify several types of deixis and make it easier for listeners to know the types of deixis in the speech.
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Fitria, Tira Nur. "SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS FOUND IN INSTAGRAM CAPTIONS OF "WHO INDONESIA”." Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra 6, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/kls.v6i1.13723.
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Speech acts are utterances that contain action as a function of communication that considers aspects of the speech situation. The objective of this research is to analyze the type of speech act found in Instagram Captions of ‘WHO Indonesia”. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. There are 332 data which contains the speech act in Instagram Captions of ‘WHO Indonesia”. There are some types of speech acts found in Instagram captions in ‘WHO Indonesia”, they are directive, representative and expressive speech acts. 1) Directive speech act is a speech act that is performed so that the speaker does what the speaker says. In directive speech act shows 204 data or 61.45 % consist of positive forms, such as the use of base form or verb 1 and the use “let’s”, and the negative form such as the use verb “Don’t”. 2) Representative speech acts are speech acts that bind the speaker to the truth or fact. In representative speech act shows 120 data or 36.14 % which show opinion, assumption, stating, and informing. While Expressive speech acts are actions that are carried out to assess or evaluate what is mentioned in the speech. In an expressive speech, the act shows 8 data or 2.44 % which consists of the act of thanking, condolences, and congratulating.
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Giyatmi, Giyatmi, Purwani Indri Astuti, and Ratih Wijayava. "Speech Acts Found in English Tourism Slogans Used in Indonesia." Journal of Pragmatics Research 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v3i1.70-85.
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The research aims at describing the types and functions of speech acts in the tourism slogan in Indonesia. There has already been much research on tourism slogan, but only a few studies focusing on linguistics. To broaden the study of tourism slogans from a linguistics perspective, the research focuses on the speech acts in the tourism slogans. It belongs to descriptive qualitative research by focusing on the phenomena of tourism slogans in society. The data of the research are tourism slogans of some cities in Indonesia found on the internet. The technique of data collection used is content analysis. The technique of data analysis consists of data reduction, data display, and verification. There is no data reduction in this research. Data is displayed in the table and the last step data is analyzed based on the problem statements. The researchers found 31 data of tourism slogans. There are 4 types of speech acts in tourism slogans namely representative speech acts (13 data), directive speech acts (7 data), commissive speech acts (3 data), and expressive speech acts (8 data). The researchers find 3 functions of speech acts in the tourism slogan such as giving information about the history of the city, nickname of the city, hope or idea of the city (19 data), asking (7 data), and promising (5 data). The findings show that there is a tendency to be very simple in the slogans found. Besides, the slogans come with an exclusive appeal by emphasizing the effective component in the message.Keywords: tourism, slogans, speech acts.
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Suardana, I. Putu Eka. "Speech acts found in the novel “Snowing in Bali”." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 7, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v7n1.1106.
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The novel Snowing in Bali is an international bestseller novel telling the story of Bali’s hidden drug world. Some utterances in the novel contain kinds of speech acts. The text of the novel is analyzed to find out the kinds of speech acts. The research aims to analyze speech acts and their kinds. Speech acts is a subfield of pragmatics studying how words are used not only to present information but also to carry out actions. There are three kinds of speech acts, for instance, elocutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts. A locutionary act can be defined as performing an act of saying something, an illocutionary act is viewed as an act in saying something, and a perlocutionary act is an act by saying something. A large number of those are found in the novel. This research is aimed to find out and analyze the elocutionary acts, the illocutionary acts, and the perlocutionary acts. The theory used is of Austin (1962), considering that people do not only use the language to assert things but also to do things.
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Muliawan, Made Sani Damayanthi. "The Linguistic Phenomenon Found in the Instagram Caption Account of the @bahasa_bali." e-Journal of Linguistics 16, no. 1 (December 14, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/e-jl.2022.v16.i01.p09.
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This research is entitled "The Linguistic Phenomenon Found in the Instagram Caption Account of the @bahasa_Bali" which aims to find the code mixing and code switching for the linguistic phenomenon contained in the Instagram caption of the @bahasa_bali account. The data collected was analyzed descriptively using qualitative methods in the Instagram caption of the @bahasa_bali account. The data in the form of code switching and code mixing in the speech found on the caption are analyzed for the function of the speech act using Searle's version of speech act theory which divides speech acts into three namely locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the form of code switching and code mixing in the speech contained in the Instagram @bahasa_bali caption is in the form of words and phrases. The speech acts of code switching and code mixing are in the form of locutionary and illocutionary speech acts which have assertive, directive, and expressive functions. The factors in the use of code switching in speech are because Balinese language which is the main language has not been able to provide equivalent words that are in accordance with the intentions of the speaker and speech partner. The factors that influence the use of code mixing in everyday speech are both speakers and speech partners who both master Balinese, Bahasa and English so that there is contact between the three languages both national languages, regional, and foreign in a communication.
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Rukmana, Hardiyanti Fitria, Suryadi Suryadi, and Irma Diani. "TINDAK TUTUR GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI KELAS VII TUNAGRAHITA SMPLB DHARMA WANITA PERSATUAN PROVINSI BENGKULU." Jurnal Ilmiah KORPUS 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jik.v1i1.3269.
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The purpose of this research to describe the form of speech acts Ilocution used by teachers in learning Indonesian in class VII Mentally Disabled SMPLB Dharma Wanita Persatuan Bengkulu Province. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Sources of data in this study are teachers who teach Indonesian in grade VII Mentally Disabled. The data in this research is speech acts used by teachers. Data collection techniques in this research with methods refer, record and record. The data analysis technique in this research is done by the steps: (1) Listening and recording the learning process, (2) transcribing the recording, (3) coding the data, (4) classifying the data, (5) analyzing the data and (6) Concluded. Test the validity of the data using a credibility test that is by increasing perseverance and discussion with peers. The results of this research found several types of speech acts are assertiveness include acts declaring with variations of information (45 speech), states notices (20 speeches), states examples (4 speeches) and states justification (29 speeches) Then also found acts recognize (3 utterances ), Acts of appointment (37 speeches), act of defending (12 speeches), acts mention (3 speeches), acts of argument (7 speech) and acts of greeting (7 speech). Further directive includes questioning (184 speeches), command (83) speech, permits (38 speeches), prohibits (5 speeches), advises (6 speeches), and requests (7 speeches). Then found expressive include the act of praising (1 speech), criticizing (31 speech), complaining (1 speech), insinuating (7 speech), blaming (15 speech), thanking (1 speech) and declarative covering decision (5 speech). The speech acts used by the teacher differ from the speech acts used by teachers in the public schools, there are many repetitions of the act. In the repetition of such acts there is the use of two languages namely the Indonesian language and Bengkulu language, the use of match words and the use of fishing techniques. This is done by teachers so that students who have intellectual barriers are able to understand well every intention of the speech acts delivered by the teacher.
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Barnas, Adya. "Analyzing Speech Act Found in the EFL Class." Academic Journal Perspective : Education, Language, and Literature 3, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/perspective.v3i2.1672.
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In teaching learning, lecturers teach the students with a good sentence. But there is one of students may not understand what she said although in grammatically is correct, so it will happen miscommunication between lecturer and student. This research concerns in the classroom interaction in Class I,J as the main data of this research because there are many speech acts especially categories of speech act employed by lecturer and students in the interaction related to the context and situation. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research since it employs the analysis of descriptive and qualitative methods. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The participants of this classroom interaction are Mrs. Lutfhi as the lecturer and students from class I,J whereas the 6 men and 27 women. The topic is talking about social problem. In this case the writer analyzes the speech act found in the classroom interaction. The listener of this interaction ought to understand the meaning of the speaker.
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Syahri, Novia, and Emidar Emidar. "ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR LOKUSI DAN ILOKUSI DALAM PROGRAM INI TALK SHOW NET TV SEBAGAI KAJIAN PRAGMATIK." Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia 9, no. 2 (June 14, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/108991-019883.
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ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the forms of speech acts of locution and illocution associated with the program This Talk Show on Net TV, as well as describing the function of speech. The data in the study are speeches delivered by the emcee as well as invited guests. The technique of collecting data in this study was using a competent, free listening method and the note taking technique. Based on the results of the analysis can conclude the following points. First, this study found 16 locus speech acts. Second, the illocutionary speech acts found in this study were arrested 27. Each of the illocutionary speech acts is assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. Get as many as 12 speeches in the form of assertive illocution, 10 speeches in the form of directive illocution, 1 speech in the form of commissive illocution, 3 speeches in the form of expressive illocution, and 1 speech in the form of declarative illocution.Kata kunci: pragmatik, tindak tutur, lokusi, ilokusi
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Fitria, Tira Nur. "AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT FOUND IN “KOI MIL GAYA” MOVIE." Journal of Pragmatics Research 1, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v1i2.89-99.
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The aim of this research is to find out the type of directive speech acts and to find out which directive speech acts most frequently used in “Koi Mil Gaya” movie. The research is conducted by using a qualitative approach. This research describes the phenomenon, the data, the situation, as it is really found. The technique of data collection in this research is a documentary study. From the result of this study, the writer finds that there are 246 utterances of directive speech act produced by the characters in the movie as 196 data. The form of the directive act can be found in utterances which contain words, phrase, clause, and sentences. From the analysis shows that in “Koi Mil Gaya” movie shows a directive speech act which contains three aspects, they are command, request, and suggestion. First, in command, there are 165 data (utterances) or 84.18 %. Second, in suggestion, there are 20 data/utterances or 10.20 %. Third, in a request there are 11 data//utterances or 5.61 %. While the most dominant type of directive speech act is in command.Keywords: Speech Act, Directive, Movie
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Amelia, Firqo, and Ahmad Yusuf Firdaus. "Speech Act of Requests Found in Different Rating Films." Academic Journal Perspective : Education, Language, and Literature 6, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/perspective.v6i2.1196.
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This study aims to find the forms of strategies and functions of requests in English that are used in several films with different ratings. Another objective of this research is to find the relations between the uses of strategies and functions of requests in English. Film is a picture of everyday life and we can see the cultures of a society, one of which is the use of language. To view the request speech acts in English, then two films that use English as a communication tool with regard to the different ratings were selected. The selection of films with different ratings are intended to see differences in the use of language in movies watched by children and adolescents. Rating in the selected movie consists of G (general audiences) and PG (parental guide suggested). Rating G is a film that is for the public, which means that the film can be watched by all ages. Rating PG is a movie that can be watched by children under parental guidance. Having found the forms and strategies of request speech acts in different films with different ratings, the situations and conditions of the use and the functions of request strategies were identified. Forms of speech act strategies invoked were classified based on the theory advanced by Trosborg (1995), while to see the functions of request speech acts Tsui’s Theory (1994) was used. As for achieving the objectives of this study, the authors use several effective methods. In collecting the data, the techniques used were watching and listening to the films that have been selected. Then recorded phrases of request speech acts found in the films. Once collected, the data were analyzed by using analysis technique proposed by Spradley (1980), ie domain analysis, taxonomic, componential and cultural value. From the analysis, it was concluded that there was no difference in strategies and functions used in the two films. Both use four strategies, namely indirect request, the hearer-oriented condition, speaker-based condition, and direct request. In addition, they also illustrate the same five functions of request speech acts, request for action, request for permission, offer, invitation, and proposal. The most frequently used strategy and function are direct request and request for action respectively.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Found Speech"
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Nally, Cheryl E. "An Exploration of Theoretical Issues Related to Mediation Found in the Social Science Literature." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4936.
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Mediation is a problem-solving approach to conflict management that is used more and more in virtually every context in which conflicts arise. This paper explores the wide range of meaning for the term 'mediation' as found in the social science literature and examines the question of what processes can properly be called mediation. It surveys the literature related to numerous theories of mediation and examines the meaning of the term as established in its various contexts. The mediation literature can be divided into the following contexts: public sector or court connected mediation, divorce mediation, international mediation, environmental mediation, community mediation, small claims, and judicial mediation. This study delineates these contexts and differentiates them for the purpose of conducting an explication of the various meanings of the term mediation. The term mediation is found to be used throughout the literature without operational definition and only broad generic definitions can adequately describe the processes which are called mediation. The boundaries between mediation and other processes are blurred as a result of this expansive use of the term. This study describes mediation as differentiated from other processes such as litigation, arbitration, conciliation, and process consultation. Numerous concepts and issues are found in the literature related to mediation--caucus, goals, strategies and tactics, success, empowerment, ethics, mandatory mediation, neutrality, power and standards of practice. Many of these concepts are informed through contradictory debate within the literature. This paper describes these concepts and issues of mediation for the purpose of developing a further understand of the theory and practice of mediation. This study also reflects on the critical issues, debates and contradictory expectations of mediation that have been raised within the literature and finishes by drawing some conclusions about mediation. Mediation is described as both art and science. No one process is appropriate for handling all or even most mediation situations.
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Stunson, Da Fayne A. "Availability of speech-language programs serving students found ineligible for special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40222.
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Gibson, Kimberly Dawn. "Lines by Someone Else: the Pragmatics of Apprompted Poems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804948/.
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Over the last sixty years, overtly intertextual poems with titles such as “Poem Beginning with a Line by John Ashbery” and “Poem Ending with a Line by George W. Bush” have been appearing at an increasing rate in magazines and collections. These poems wed themselves to other texts and authors in distinct ways, inviting readers to engage with poems which are, themselves, in conversation with lines from elsewhere. These poems, which I refer to as “apprompted” poems, explicitly challenge readers to investigate the intertextual conversation, and in doing so, they adopt inherent risks. My thesis will chart the various effects these poems can have for readers and the consequences they may hold for the texts from which they borrow. Literary critics such as Harold Bloom and J. H. Miller have described the act of borrowing as competitive and parasitic—“agon” is Bloom’s term for what he sees as the oedipal anxiety of poets and poets’ texts to their antecedents, but an investigation of this emerging genre in terms of linguistic pragmatics shows that apprompted poems are performing a wider range of acts in relation to their predecessors. Unlike Bloom’s theory, which interprets the impulse of poetic creation through psychoanalysis, I employ linguistic terms from Brown and Levinson’s linguistic Politeness theory to analyze apprompted poems as conversational speech events. Politeness theory provides a useful analysis of these poems by documenting the weight of threats to the positive and negative “faces” of the participants in each poetic conversation. I have documented these “face-threatening-acts” and used them to divide apprompted poems into five major speech events: satire, revision, promotion, pastiche, and ecclesiastic. Ultimately, this paper serves at the intersection of literary criticism and linguistics, as I suggest a theoretical approach to the interpretation and criticism of apprompted poems by way of linguistic pragmatics.
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Cooper, Erica Lindsay. "Text-to-Speech Synthesis Using Found Data for Low-Resource Languages." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-vdzp-j870.
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Text-to-speech synthesis is a key component of interactive, speech-based systems. Typically, building a high-quality voice requires collecting dozens of hours of speech from a single professional speaker in an anechoic chamber with a high-quality microphone. There are about 7,000 languages spoken in the world, and most do not enjoy the speech research attention historically paid to such languages as English, Spanish, Mandarin, and Japanese. Speakers of these so-called "low-resource languages" therefore do not equally benefit from these technological advances. While it takes a great deal of time and resources to collect a traditional text-to-speech corpus for a given language, we may instead be able to make use of various sources of "found'' data which may be available. In particular, sources such as radio broadcast news and ASR corpora are available for many languages. While this kind of data does not exactly match what one would collect for a more standard TTS corpus, it may nevertheless contain parts which are usable for producing natural and intelligible parametric TTS voices.
In the first part of this thesis, we examine various types of found speech data in comparison with data collected for TTS, in terms of a variety of acoustic and prosodic features. We find that radio broadcast news in particular is a good match. Audiobooks may also be a good match despite their largely more expressive style, and certain speakers in conversational and read ASR corpora also resemble TTS speakers in their manner of speaking and thus their data may be usable for training TTS voices.
In the rest of the thesis, we conduct a variety of experiments in training voices on non-traditional sources of data, such as ASR data, radio broadcast news, and audiobooks. We aim to discover which methods produce the most intelligible and natural-sounding voices, focusing on three main approaches:
1) Training data subset selection. In noisy, heterogeneous data sources, we may wish to locate subsets of the data that are well-suited for building voices, based on acoustic and prosodic features that are known to correspond with TTS-style speech, while excluding utterances that introduce noise or other artifacts. We find that choosing subsets of speakers for training data can result in voices that are more intelligible.
2) Augmenting the frontend feature set with new features. In cleaner sources of found data, we may wish to train voices on all of the data, but we may get improvements in naturalness by including acoustic and prosodic features at the frontend and synthesizing in a manner that better matches the TTS style. We find that this approach is promising for creating more natural-sounding voices, regardless of the underlying acoustic model.
3) Adaptation. Another way to make use of high-quality data while also including informative acoustic and prosodic features is to adapt to subsets, rather than to select and train only on subsets. We also experiment with training on mixed high- and low-quality data, and adapting towards the high-quality set, which produces more intelligible voices than training on either type of data by itself.
We hope that our findings may serve as guidelines for anyone wishing to build their own TTS voice using non-traditional sources of found data.
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Ratliff, Jonathan. "The exploration of color theory in museum education using works found in the J. B. Speed Museum's collection /." 2009. http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/etd&CISOPTR=884&filename=885.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Found Speech"
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Novikov, Anatoliy, and Natal'ya Novikova. Mathematical methods in psychology (speech therapy). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018182.
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The tutorial discusses the necessary mathematical methods and approaches used for investigation and practical applications in psychology (speech therapy). In examples and assignments (with answers) are given found in the practical work of psychologists in various techniques that allow you to master the computational procedures of statistical processing of data.
In parallel with manual processing are the processing of data using MS Excel and SPSS. Shows a combination of Excel and SPSS packages.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Designed for students enrolled in the 37.03.01 direction of training "Psychology". Can also be useful to graduate students and professionals, focused on applied problems in psychology.
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Lost and found. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2005.
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Willems, Mo. El Conejito Knuffle. [Norwalk, CT]: Weston Woods Studios, 2007.
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Willems, Mo. Knuffle Bunny. S.l: Weston Woods Studios, 2008.
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Willems, Mo. El Conejito Knuffle. New York: Hyperion Books for Children, 2007.
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Willems, Mo. Knuffle Bunny: A cautionary tale. New York: Hyperion Books for Children, 2004.
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Willems, Mo. Knuffle Bunny: A cautionary tale. New York: Hyperion Books for Children, 2004.
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Owens, Jonathan. Dialects (speech communities), the apparent past, and grammaticalization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198701378.003.0008.
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Over a long-term time frame in a language with several discrete dialects, how far does grammaticalization theory elucidate the history of individual morphemes? This issue is addressed using the tense/mode prefix b-, found in Gulf/Najdi, Yemeni, Uzbekistan, Nigerian, and Egyptian/Levantine Arabic. It is argued that while standard grammaticalization theory correctly predicts its assumed origin, from a variant of the verb ‘want’ (yibġa, yiba, yibbi > *b-), it does little to predict its further development. This paper first examines the functions of the prefix *b-. Once integrated as a prefix, *b- takes odd twists and turns, sometimes a tense marker, sometimes a marker of deontic modality, sometimes a generalized modal/indicative marker. Grammaticalization theory says nothing about why *b- should have developed in one way in one dialect and in another way in another. As a step towards answering these questions, the idea of dialects as speech communities is introduced.
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Henry, Rosita. Veiled commands: anthropological perspectives on directives. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0015.
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The great diversity of command strategies that can be found cross-linguistically provides rich comparative material for consideration by speech act theorists and other linguistic philosophers. Speech act theory has generated productive debates on how illocutionary acts such as commands are situated in context, and the relationship between speech action, power relations, politics, and diplomacy. This chapter concerns the way culturally specific strategies for authority, politeness, and diplomacy are encoded in how people deliver directives to others. The focus is on veiled commands, especially in the context of public speeches in the Western Highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG), as they relate to egalitarian values and concepts of autonomy. While veiled commands are not able to be universally correlated with an egalitarian ethos, in any context the veiling of words is related to the human awareness of others and that the world we inhabit is always a social world.
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Payne, Elinor, Brechtje Post, Nina Gram Garmann, and Hanne Gram Simonsen. The acquisition of long consonants in Norwegian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0007.
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This study investigated the nature and acquisition of long consonants in Norwegian. By age 2;6 children already differentiate between [V:C] vs [VC:] structures in their own productions and, as with adults, do so most reliably through proportion of vowel duration in the rhyme (V/VC), the only systematic marker of the contrast. For both adults and children, the contrastiveness of vowel and consonant durations in themselves varies according to consonant manner: in sonorants both V and C duration are also contrastive, while in voiceless stops, consonant duration in itself is not contrastive. Evidence is also found for preaspiration as a possible secondary cue to long stops, and is present from the earliest stages of child speech investigated. By age 6, increasing speed and fluency in global intergestural coordination may undermine local temporal relationships already acquired at a slower speech rate, bringing about a transitional stage of apparent regression in development.
Book chapters on the topic "Found Speech"
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Rajan, Sai Sathiesh, Sakshi Udeshi, and Sudipta Chattopadhyay. "AequeVox: Automated Fairness Testing of Speech Recognition Systems." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 245–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99429-7_14.
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AbstractAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have become ubiquitous. They can be found in a variety of form factors and are increasingly important in our daily lives. As such, ensuring that these systems are equitable to different subgroups of the population is crucial. In this paper, we introduce, AequeVox, an automated testing framework for evaluating the fairness of ASR systems. AequeVox simulates different environments to assess the effectiveness of ASR systems for different populations. In addition, we investigate whether the chosen simulations are comprehensible to humans. We further propose a fault localization technique capable of identifying words that are not robust to these varying environments. Both components of AequeVox are able to operate in the absence of ground truth data.We evaluate AequeVox on speech from four different datasets using three different commercial ASRs. Our experiments reveal that non-native English, female and Nigerian English speakers generate 109%, 528.5% and 156.9% more errors, on average than native English, male and UK Midlands speakers, respectively. Our user study also reveals that 82.9% of the simulations (employed through speech transformations) had a comprehensibility rating above seven (out of ten), with the lowest rating being 6.78. This further validates the fairness violations discovered by AequeVox. Finally, we show that the non-robust words, as predicted by the fault localization technique embodied in AequeVox, show 223.8% more errors than the predicted robust words across all ASRs.
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Jaquet, Daniel. "Martial Arts Knowledge on and Beyond the Page: From Visual Mantras to Hyperrealism with Words and Brushes." In Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia, 283–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2037-0_9.
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AbstractMartial arts are cultural phenomena shaped by the societies in which they develop. They were—and still are—transmitted through interpersonal exchanges, from body to body. Martial arts experts use speech for devising these martial skills into complex systems of bodily knowledge. Once the systems are complex or vast enough to be verbalized, they are transmitted through bodies and speech with mnemotechnical texts such as poems, codified knowledge canons or a constellation of technical words associated with metaphors or images. Some of these mantras (mnemonic devices) found their way into writing or depiction. This process is a translation (transcription) from speech to the page, or to depiction. The written word or the depiction of bodies fighting on a wall, a painted canvas, or embedded into a sculpture, endures through time and survives the masters who created them. However, in most cases, those who wrote the words painted the images, or sculpted the stone were not the martial art experts themselves. The documents, depictions, and sculptures preserved for the study of martial arts culture of the past must be explored while taking into account the perspective of those who created them. Based on previous research about the circulation of knowledge based on the dissemination of European fight books, this contribution allows for a new approach to categorization of martial arts knowledge, on and beyond the page, with a focus on early modern fight books.
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"3. Ears to Hear: The Sounds of Speech." In Found in Translation, 61–84. University of Hawaii Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824873585-008.
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Hiki, Shizuo. "Classification of Japanese Syllables Including Speech Sounds Found in Loanwords." In Recent Research Towards Advanced Man-Machine Interface Through Spoken Language, 471–78. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044481607-8/50084-0.
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Alves, Diego, Askars Salimbajevs, and Mārcis Pinnis. "Data Augmentation for Pipeline-Based Speech Translation." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200605.
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Pipeline-based speech translation methods may suffer from errors found in speech recognition system output. Therefore, it is crucial that machine translation systems are trained to be robust against such noise. In this paper, we propose two methods for parallel data augmentation for pipeline-based speech translation system development. The first method utilises a speech processing workflow to introduce errors and the second method generates commonly found suffix errors using a rule-based method. We show that the methods in combination allow significantly improving speech translation quality by 1.87 BLEU points over a baseline system.
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Altman, Andrew. "Pornography as Subordinating Speech." In Debating Pornography, 124–30. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199358700.003.0006.
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Some anti-pornography feminists contend that (a) pornography is speech, and (b) it is a form of speech that authoritatively subordinates women. This chapter challenges both contentions. Pornography does not say anything but rather shows something. And it lacks the authority that anti-pornography feminists ascribe to it. The sexually explicit images that have the most cogent to authority are not found in the material displayed by the website PornHub but rather in the celebrated works of art and sculpture that occupy the world’s greatest museums. Unlike those artistic works, pornography is not venerated but, instead, is widely regarded as impure and disreputable.
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Hürst, Wolfgang, and Tbias Lauer. "Interactive Speech Skimming via Time-Stretched Audio Replay." In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction, 355–61. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch055.
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Time stretching, sometimes also referred to as time scaling, is a term describing techniques for replaying speech signals faster (i.e., time compressed) or slower (i.e., time expanded) while preserving their characteristics, such as pitch and timbre. One example for such an approach is the SOLA (synchronous overlap and add) algorithm (Roucus & Wilgus, 1985), which is often used to avoid cartoon-character-like voices during faster replay. Many studies have been carried out in the past in order to evaluate the applicability and the usefulness of time stretching for different tasks in which users are dealing with recorded speech signals. One of the most obvious applications of time compression is speech skimming, which describes the actions involved in quickly going through a speech document in order to identify the overall topic or to locate some specific information. Since people can listen faster than they talk, time-compressed audio, within reasonable limits, can also make sense for normal listening, especially in view of He and Gupta (2001), who suggest that the future bottleneck for consuming multimedia contents will not be network bandwidth but people’s limited time. In their study, they found that an upper bound for sustainable speedup during continuous listening is at about 1.6 to 1.7 times the normal speed. This is consistent with other studies such as Galbraith, Ausman, Liu, and Kirby (2003) or Harrigan (2000), indicating preferred speedup ratios between 1.3 and 1.8. Amir, Ponceleon, Blanchard, Petkovic, Srinivasan, and Cohen (2000) found that, depending on the text and speaker, the best speed for comprehension can also be slower than normal, especially for unknown or difficult contents.
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Sandy, Geoffrey A. "Protection of Minors from Harmful Internet Content." In Information Security and Ethics, 3375–86. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch226.
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The Internet provides access to speech both conventional and unconventional. Some speech is considered harmful to minors. This chapter discusses the important social issue of how to best protect minors from such speech without violating the free speech rights of adults. It examines the Australian experience, one that has relevance to other relatively open societies like those found in North America and Europe. It concludes that the Australian regulatory framework has limited success in protecting minors from harmful Internet content and it risks compromising the free rights of adults.
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Hossain, Syed Akhter, M. Lutfar Rahman, Faruk Ahmed, and M. Abdus Sobhan. "Perception of Vowels and Dental Consonants in Bangla Speech Processing." In Technical Challenges and Design Issues in Bangla Language Processing, 246–72. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3970-6.ch011.
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The aim of this chapter is to clearly understand the salient features of Bangla vowels and the sources of acoustic variability in Bangla vowels, and to suggest classification of vowels based on normalized acoustic parameters. Possible applications in automatic speech recognition and speech enhancement have made the classification of vowels an important problem to study. However, Bangla vowels spoken by different native speakers show great variations in their respective formant values. This brings further complications in the acoustic comparison of vowels due to different dialect and language backgrounds of the speakers. This variation necessitates the use of normalization procedures to remove the effect of non-linguistic factors. Although several researchers found a number of acoustical and perceptual correlates of vowels, acoustic parameters that work well in a speaker-independent manner are yet to be found. Besides, study of acoustic features of Bangla dental consonants to identify the spectral differences between different consonants and to parameterize them for the synthesis of the segments is another problem area for study. The extracted features for both Bangla vowels and dental consonants are tested and found with good synthetic representations that demonstrate the quality of acoustic features.
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O'Meara, Jennifer. "Gendered Verbal Dynamics: Sensitive Men and Explicit Women." In Engaging Dialogue, 128–58. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474420624.003.0007.
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This chapter focuses on gendered verbal dynamics in selected American independent cinema. Male and female characters are found to resist internalised ideals of gendered speech, both in relation to cinema and society more generally. Their dialogue, including in voice-overs, offers more nuanced representations of what type of speech is ‘appropriate’ for males or females, revealing a refusal to divide characters’ verbal styles on the basis of gendered stereotypes. The language of male characters is found to advance a complex representation of vulnerable and expressive masculinity. They are allowed to remain silent, to voice their deepest feelings, or to verbally align themselves with homosexuality and alternate forms of masculinity. Through speech that is considered ‘unruly’ or ‘unladylike’, female characters are also found to have a verbal freedom that is at odds with more conservative estimations of female film dialogue. Partly through profane language and an unrepentant discussion of sexuality, women in American independent cinema can break away from the norms for how women tend to speak in more mainstream cinema. Case studies include women’s verbal victories in Whit Stillman’s Love & Friendship (2016).
Conference papers on the topic "Found Speech"
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Székely, Éva, Gustav Eje Henter, Jonas Beskow, and Joakim Gustafson. "Spontaneous Conversational Speech Synthesis from Found Data." In Interspeech 2019. ISCA: ISCA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-2836.
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Baljekar, Pallavi, and Alan W. Black. "Utterance Selection Techniques for TTS Systems Using Found Speech." In 9th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/ssw.2016-30.
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Thangthai, Ausdang, Sumonmas Thatphithakkul, Kwanchiva Thangthai, and Arnon Namsanit. "TSynC-3miti: Audiovisual Speech Synthesis Database from Found Data." In 2020 23rd Conference of the Oriental COCOSDA International Committee for the Co-ordination and Standardisation of Speech Databases and Assessment Techniques (O-COCOSDA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/o-cocosda50338.2020.9295001.
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Lickley, R. J., R. C. Shillcock, and E. G. Bard. "Processing disfluent speech: how and when are disfluencies found?" In 2nd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1991). ISCA: ISCA, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1991-333.
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Cooper, Erica, and Julia Hirschberg. "Adaptation and Frontend Features to Improve Naturalness in Found-Data Synthesis." In 9th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2018. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2018-160.
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Morris, Andrew C., and José M. Pardo. "Phoneme transition detection and broad classification using a simple model based on the function of onset detector cells found in the cochlear nucleus." In 4th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1995). ISCA: ISCA, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1995-32.
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Themistocleous, Charalambos, Marie Eckerström, and Dimitrios Kokkinakis. "Automated speech analysis enables MCI diagnosis." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0050/000465.
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Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition characterized by cognitive decline greater than expected for an individual's age and education level. In this study, we are investigating whether acoustic properties of speech production can improve the classification of individuals with MCI from healthy controls augmenting the Mini Mental State Examination, a traditional screening tool, with automatically extracted acoustic information. We found that just one acoustic feature, can improve the AUC score (measuring a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity) from 0.77 to 0.89 in a boosting classification task. These preliminary results suggest that computerized language analysis can improve the accuracy of traditional screening tools.
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Shahidi, Parham, Steve C. Southward, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Estimating Crew Alertness From Speech." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36261.
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With the latest initiative of the government to develop a high speed passenger rail system in the United States the first and most important strategic transportation goal is to “Ensure safe and efficient transportation choices. A key element of safe railroad operation is to address the issue of fatigue among railroad operating employees and how to fight it. In this paper, we are presenting a novel approach to estimating fatigue levels of train conductors by analyzing the speech signal in the communication between the conductor and dispatch. We extract vocal indicators of fatigue from the speech signal and use Fuzzy Logic to generate an estimate of the mental state of the train conductor. Previous research has shown that sleeping disorders, reduced hours of rest and disrupted circadian rhythms lead to significantly increased fatigue levels which manifest themselves in alterations of speech patterns as compared to alert states of mind. To make a decision about the level of fatigue, we are proposing a Fuzzy Logic algorithm which combines inputs such as word production rate and speech intensity to generate a Fatigue Quotient at any moment in time when speech is present. The computation of the Fatigue Quotient relies on a rule base which draws from existing knowledge about fatigue indicators and their relation to the level of fatigue of the subject. For this project, the rule base and the membership functions associated with it were derived from real time testing and the subsequent tuning of parameters to refine the detection of changes in patterns. It was successfully shown that Fuzzy Logic can be implemented to estimate alertness levels from speech metrics in real-time and that the membership functions for this purpose can be found empirically through iterative testing. Furthermore, this study has proven that the framework to run such an analysis continuously as a monitoring function in locomotive cabins is feasible and can be realized with relatively inexpensive hardware.
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Hațegan, Carolina Bodea, Dorina Talaș, and Raluca Trifu. "ONLINE SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY. FOCUS-GROUP BASED STUDY." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end088.
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In March 2020, due to the pandemic situation from our country, the National lockdown was imposed for almost two months. Speech and language therapy field was very affected in this period of time and harsh decisions were to be taken. Children who strongly needed therapy were in the situation to either go on with the rehabilitation process in an online setting or to wait and postpone therapy sessions. The aim of this research is to present the situation in a SLT (speech and language therapy) private specialized center and to underline the advantages and the disadvantages of SLT online therapy after one year (from March 2020, till March 2021). In the beginning of March 2020, 37 children attended SLT sessions in this private center, 2 of them were recently assessed and they were supposed to begin therapy exactly on the first lockdown day. From all of them, 20 children (54 %) switch to online therapy sessions progressively. Starting with April 2020, after a three weeks break, 9 children diagnosed with mild to moderate speech and language disorders, switch from face to face to on-line. In May, 6 more children and in June another 5 children were brought back to therapy, even if we remained in an online setting. The other children, 17 (46%), either stopped all therapy sessions or began therapy in other centers that organized onsite therapeutic sessions after the lockdown period of time. At this present moment, in March 2021, at one year distance, the SLT center offers SLT services exclusively online, both assessment and therapy and the number of cases asking directly for online therapy is increasing daily (in March 2021, N=31). Results of this study, organized as focus-groups with 3 parents, 3 children and 3 therapists underlined that online SLT is very efficient as long as parents` involvement is high. The main advantages listed by all persons in the research, even by children are: easier to be more consistent; the attendance in the SLT sessions is definitely higher, parents can participate directly in these activities, resources are easily to be found. Among disadvantages, the fact that parents have to be very involved in this therapeutic process seems to be the most frequently listed. In discussions and conclusions of this study a profile of the online SLT users is about to be depicted, a profile related to the one found in specialized literature from the field.
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Dai, L., Y. Ma, and D. J. Caswell. "Experimental Assessment of Speech Privacy and Intelligibility in Multi-Language Environments." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39228.
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In the current literature, most assessments for speech privacy and speech intelligibility are relying on the subjective measurements utilized with the test materials of English and other Western languages. Effects of different languages and accents in speech privacy and speech intelligibility are usually overseen. This study aims at the speech privacy assessment of closed offices in multicultural environments. Subjective measurements are conducted in this study for closed offices by using English and a tonal language. The evaluation differences in speech privacy between the two languages are evident and significant. It is also found in this study that the existing single word tests used in research and industrial practice for subjectively evaluating speech privacy should be modified when closed spaces are considered. The subjective measurement results of this study are also compared with the objective measurement indices AI.
Reports on the topic "Found Speech"
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Iffat, Idris. Use of Online Space in Pakistan Targeting Women, Religious Minorities, Activists and Voices of Dissent. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.071.
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There is ample evidence that online hate speech in Pakistan is directed against women, religious minorities, journalists, voices of dissent and activists. The targeting of many of these groups is an expansion online of the traditional hostility and abuse they face offline. However, the internet has made such abuse easier and online hate speech is growing as internet use rises in the country. Those responsible vary somewhat: women and religious minorities are typically targeted by religio-political parties and their followers, while journalists and activists are often targeted by government/the military. In all cases, online hate speech can have a serious offline impact, including physical violence, and restrictions on people’s freedom/ability to work/post online. This review, looking at online hate speech in Pakistan in relation to particular groups, draws largely on reports by think-tanks/NGOs as well as media articles and blogs. Relatively little academic literature was found on the subject, but grey literature was quite extensive, especially on certain religious minorities (Ahmadis) and women.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.
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Downing, W. Logan, Howell Li, William T. Morgan, Cassandra McKee, and Darcy M. Bullock. Using Probe Data Analytics for Assessing Freeway Speed Reductions during Rain Events. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317350.
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Rain impacts roadways such as wet pavement, standing water, decreased visibility, and wind gusts and can lead to hazardous driving conditions. This study investigates the use of high fidelity Doppler data at 1 km spatial and 2-minute temporal resolution in combination with commercial probe speed data on freeways. Segment-based space-mean speeds were used and drops in speeds during rainfall events of 5.5 mm/hour or greater over a one-month period on a section of four to six-lane interstate were assessed. Speed reductions were evaluated as a time series over a 1-hour window with the rain data. Three interpolation methods for estimating rainfall rates were tested and seven metrics were developed for the analysis. The study found sharp drops in speed of more than 40 mph occurred at estimated rainfall rates of 30 mm/hour or greater, but the drops did not become more severe beyond this threshold. The average time of first detected rainfall to impacting speeds was 17 minutes. The bilinear method detected the greatest number of events during the 1-month period, with the most conservative rate of predicted rainfall. The range of rainfall intensities were estimated between 7.5 to 106 mm/hour for the 39 events. This range was much greater than the heavy rainfall categorization at 16 mm/hour in previous studies reported in the literature. The bilinear interpolation method for Doppler data is recommended because it detected the greatest number of events and had the longest rain duration and lowest estimated maximum rainfall out of three methods tested, suggesting the method balanced awareness of the weather conditions around the roadway with isolated, localized rain intensities.
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Dmytrovskyi, Zenon. THE TEXTBOOK, THAT TEACHES AND BRINGS UP. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11414.
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The review is about textbook on television and radio communication for students, teachers of faculties and departments of journalism, as well as journalists-practitioners, prepared by the author’s team edited by Vasyl Lyzanchuk. Textbok absorbed some considerations and conclusions from previous theoretical developments, which found a new meaning here, deeper argumentation, supplemented by many interesting observations that correspond to the spirit of the time, the innovations that have appeared in recent years in the media space of Ukraine. The textbook has ten sections, each of which is designed to enrich the student with knowledge of television and radio communications, teach him or her all that a media professional should know and be able to apply it in practice. The titles of the sections indicate their practical orientation: «Basic methodical measures of functioning of information radio and television genres», «How we analyze, interpret, explain facts, events, phenomena», «Features of the creation of artistic programs on radio and television» and others. All sections of the textbook are meaningfully connected and constructed in such a way as to provide students with the opportunity to gradually, step by step to deepen their theoretical and practical knowledge of television and radio communications. This is undoubtedly the merit of the authors of the edition. The student will benefit from the numerous examples of television and radio materials prepared by the students themselves. Their creative work should convince that this work can serve as a stimulus for creative work for future journalists during their years of study. In addition to professional competence, as rightly emphasized in the textbook by Professor Vasyl Lyzanchuk, “It is very important to form in students, future journalists, socio-national competence, deep understanding of the essence of freedom of speech and responsibility for the content of the spoken word and image, to develop the belief that they are active participants in the Ukrainian state-building processes, and not intermediaries or repeaters of information”. It should be noted that the educational element is present throughout the textbook starting with the first chapter, historical (author Professor Ivan Krupskyi). While studying this textbook, students should realize that from the honor of journalists, their dignity, patriotism depends on the honor, authority, bright name of Ukraine, its future; that their assertion of Ukrainian national identity is the key to further prosperity of our state.
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Fall, Kelsey, David Perkey, Zachary Tyler, and Timothy Welp. Field measurement and monitoring of hydrodynamic and suspended sediment within the Seven Mile Island Innovation Laboratory, New Jersey. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40980.
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The Seven Mile Island Innovation Laboratory (SMIIL) was launched in 2019 to evaluate beneficial use of dredge material management practices in coastal New Jersey. As part of that effort, the Philadelphia District requested that the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, collect data to characterize the hydrodynamics and turbidity within the central portions of the SMIIL prior to and during dredge material placement. Pre-dredge monitoring found that apart from punctuated wind events, the study area waters were generally calm and clear with small waves, <0.25 m, slow current speeds (~0.1 m/s), low turbidity (~10 ntus), and low suspended sediment concentrations (~10–20 mg/L). In March 2020, 2,475 m³ of dredged sediment was placed on the northern portion of Sturgeon Island within the SMIIL. Turbidity in the waters surrounding the island was monitored to quantify extent of the sediment plume resulting from the placement. Observations found little to no turbidity plume associated with the dredging operations beyond 20 m from the island and that the plume was largely limited to areas near a tidal creek draining the placement area. Additionally, turbidity levels quickly returned to background conditions at times when the dredge was not in operation.
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Gallagher, Alex, Sandra LeGrand, Taylor Hodgdon, and Theodore Letcher. Simulating environmental conditions for Southwest United States convective dust storms using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model v4.1. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44963.
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Dust aerosols can pose a significant detriment to public health, transportation, and tactical operations through reductions in air quality and visibility. Thus, accurate model forecasts of dust emission and transport are essential to decision makers. While a large number of studies have advanced the understanding and predictability of dust storms, the majority of existing literature considers dust production and forcing conditions of the underlying meteorology independently of each other. Our study works to-wards filling this research gap by inventorying dust-event case studies forced by convective activity in the Desert Southwest United States, simulating select representative case studies using several configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, testing the sensitivity of forecasts to essential model parameters, and assessing overall forecast skill using variables essential to dust production and transport. We found our control configuration captured the initiation, evolution, and storm structure of a variety of convective features admirably well. Peak wind speeds were well represented, but we found that simulated events arrived up to 2 hours earlier or later than observed. Our results show that convective storms are highly sensitive to initialization time and initial conditions that can preemptively dry the atmosphere and suppress the growth of convective storms.
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Li, Jia-Qi, PWH Kwong, YW Sun, WS So, and A. Sidarta. A comprehensive appraisal of meta-analyses in exercise-based stroke rehabilitation with trial sequential analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0006.
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Review question / Objective: This study aims to use the trial sequential analysis (TSA) method to examine if the published meta-analyses concerning stroke rehabilitation reached the required information size and if the overall effect size is robust as well. Condition being studied: Stroke rehabilitation. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included if they 1) were meta-analyses of random control trials (RCTs) on people with stroke, 2) included meta-analyses results in gait speed (or 6MWT) or bal-ance performance. Studies were excluded if they 1) were conference abstracts, letters to the editor 2) lack the statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviations (SD), and number value in the articles and raw data from the cited studies cannot be found.
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Desai, Jairaj, Jijo K. Mathew, Howell Li, Rahul Sakhare, Deborah Horton, and Darcy M. Bullock. National Mobility Analysis for All Interstate Routes in the United States. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317585.
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In November 2022, Wejo Data Services Inc. provided Purdue with a national data set comprised of approximately 470 billion connected vehicle records covering all 50 states for the month of August 2022. The goal of the evaluation data set was to create a series of summary graphics to evaluate the scalability of work zone analytics graphics and electric/hybrid vehicle counts at a national level. This report illustrates several performance measures developed using this dataset for all interstate routes, both state wise and cross-country. State wise graphics are organized with 50 subdirectories containing graphics for each interstate in the 50 states. There are also a series of multi-state graphics for I-5, I-10, I-15, I-35, I-55, I-65, I-75, I-80, I-90, and I-95. Performance measures include absolute and normalized trip counts classified by type of trip (electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle or internal combustion engine vehicle), weekly heatmaps based on vehicle speed overlaid with hard-braking events and finally, speed profiles by interstate mile markers. Additional details on the directories and how to interpret these performance measures can found inside the document (after extracting the .zip file) titled “National_Mobility_Analysis_README.pdf”.
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Thompson, Marshall, and David Lippert. Flexible Pavement Design (Full-depth Asphalt and Rubblization): A Summary of Activities. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-021.
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This report summarizes activities undertaken to support and ensure that the Illinois Department of Transportation utilizes the best demonstrated available technology for design and construction of full-depth hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements and HMA pavements on rubblized Portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP). To achieve this goal, the researchers reviewed pavement design and special provisions for full-depth asphalt and rubblization projects as well as full-depth asphalt and rubblization project performance via condition surveys and deflection measurements. They also modified design inputs as needed from the review of literature and responded to specific issues related to full-depth asphalt and rubblization design and construction. The researchers studied 32 rubblization projects on the interstate system and found this rehabilitation technique is providing good to excellent performance that exceeds design expectations. They provided input on proposed changes to full-depth hot-mix asphalt pavement on rubblized PCCP specifications as well as provided input on the RoadTec 1105e material transfer device. Analysis of traffic speed deflectometer data obtained on several hot-mix asphalt and rubblized pavements resulted in the development of analysis algorithms.
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. Role of GRAS Transcription Factors in Tomato Disease Resistance and Basal Defense. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696520.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The research problem: Bacterial spot and bacterial speck diseases of tomato are causedby strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) and Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato (Pst), respectively. These bacteria colonize aerial parts of the plant and causesignificant losses in tomato production worldwide. Protection against Xcv and Pst bycultural practices or chemical control has been unsuccessful and there are only limitedsources of genetic resistance to these pathogens. In previous research supported in part byBARD IS-3237-01, we extensively characterized changes in tomato gene expression uponthe onset of spot and speck disease resistance. A remarkable finding of these studies wasthe inducibility in tomato leaves by both Xcv and Pst strains of genes encodingtranscriptional activator of the GRAS family, which has not been previously linked todisease resistance. Goals: Central goals of this research were to investigate the role of GRAS genes in tomatoinnate immunity and to assess their potential use for disease control.Specific objectives were to: 1. Identify GRAS genes that are induced in tomato during thedefense response and analyze their role in disease resistance by loss-of-function experiments.2. Overexpress GRAS genes in tomato and characterize plants for possible broad-spectrumresistance. 3. Identify genes whose transcription is regulated by GRAS family. Our main achievements during this research program are in three major areas:1. Identification of tomato GRAS family members induced in defense responses andanalysis of their role in disease resistance. Genes encoding tomato GRAS family memberswere retrieved from databases and analyzed for their inducibility by Pst avirulent bacteria.Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that six SlGRAS transcripts are induced during theonset of disease resistance to Pst. Further expression analysis of two selected GRAS genesshowed that they accumulate in tomato plants in response to different avirulent bacteria orto the fungal elicitor EIX. In addition, eight SlGRAS genes, including the Pst-induciblefamily members, were induced by mechanical stress in part in a jasmonic acid-dependentmanner. Remarkably, SlGRAS6 gene was found to be required for tomato resistance to Pstin virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments.2. Molecular analysis of pathogen-induced GRAS transcriptional activators. In aheterologous yeast system, Pst-inducible GRAS genes were shown to have the ability toactivate transcription in agreement with their putative function of transcription factors. Inaddition, deletion analysis demonstrated that short sequences at the amino-terminus ofSlGRAS2, SlGRAS4 and SlGRAS6 are sufficient for transcriptional activation. Finally,defense-related SlGRAS proteins were found to localize to the cell nucleus. 3. Disease resistance and expression profiles of transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRASgenes. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRAS3 or SlGRAS6 were generated. Diseasesusceptibility tests revealed that these plants are not more resistant to Pst than wild-typeplants. Gene expression profiles of the overexpressing plants identified putative direct orindirect target genes regulated by SlGRAS3 and SlGRAS6. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities established a novel linkbetween the GRAS family of transcription factors, plant disease resistance and mechanicalstress response. SlGRAS6 was found to be required for disease resistance to Pstsuggesting that this and possibly other GRAS family members are involved in thetranscriptional reprogramming that takes place during the onset of disease resistance.Their nuclear localization and transcriptional activation ability support their proposed roleas transcription factors or co-activators. However, the potential of utilizing GRAS familymembers for the improvement of plant disease resistance in agriculture has yet to bedemonstrated.