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Academic literature on the topic 'Fouling organisms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fouling organisms"

1

Key, Marcus M., Gregory A. Schumacher, Loren E. Babcock, Robert C. Frey, William P. Heimbrock, Stephen H. Felton, Dan L. Cooper, Walter B. Gibson, Debbie G. Scheid, and Sylvester A. Schumacher. "Paleoecology of commensal epizoans fouling Flexicalymene (Trilobita) from the Upper Ordovician, Cincinnati Arch region, USA." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 6 (November 2010): 1121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10-018.1.

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Commensal epizoozoans and episkeletozoans are rarely preserved attached to the external exoskeleton of the Late Ordovician trilobite Flexicalymene. Of nearly 15,000 Flexicalymene specimens examined, 0.1% show epizoozoans or episkeletozoans. Factors limiting Flexicalymene fouling include a shallow burrowing life style, frequent molting of the host, larval preference for other substrates, observational bias caused by overlooking small fouling organisms, and the loss of the non-calcified, outermost cuticle prior to fossilization or as the trilobite weathers from the encasing sediment. Trepostome bryozoans, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods, cornulitids, and a tube-dwelling/boring nonbiomineralized organism represent the preserved members of the Late Ordovician marine hard substrate community fouling Flexicalymene. This assemblage of organisms is less diverse than the hard substrate community fouling Late Ordovician sessile epibenthic organisms. Fouling is not restricted to only large Flexicalymene specimens as observed in previous studies but occurs in medium to large individuals interpreted as early to late holaspid specimens.Epizoozoans fouling the carcasses or molt ensembles of 16 Flexicalymene specimens provide insight into the life habits of the host and these fouling organisms. Trepostome bryozoans, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods, and cornulitids preferentially attached to elevated portions of the dorsal exoskeleton, and preferentially aligned in either the direct line or lee side of currents generated by Flexicalymene walking on the sea floor or swimming through the water column.

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Nguyen, Xuan Thai, Phi Hung Dao, Thuy Chinh Nguyen, Anh Hiep Nguyen, Minh Quan Pham, Huu Nghi Do, Cong Thung Do, Van Quan Nguyen, and Hoang Thai. "Assessing the Antifouling Effectiveness of the Novel Organic Coating for Adherent Species in the Seawater of the coastal area of Ha Long City, Quang Ninh Province (Vietnam)." Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (May 21, 2024): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18436.

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This paper presents the results of a 12-month testing period in seawater at Vung Oan, Ha Long City marine area, Quang Ninh Province (Vietnam), assessing the fouling organism’s removal effectiveness of polysiloxane (PS)/Ag-Zn zeolite/Cu2O nanocomposite coatings. This experiment is a substantial base to evaluate impact of Ag-Zn/zeolite and Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) on growth of bacteria and macro-fouling organisms compared to a control coating without the above additives. The results indicated that the coating loaded with Ag-Zn/zeolite and Cu2O NPs exhibited a lower bacterial count than the coating without biocide additives. Specifically, the bacterial count was 9.6 × 105 for the coating with biocide and 2 × 107 for the coating without biocide. Regarding macro-fouling species, the analysis and identification of organisms attached to the coating samples revealed the presence of three fouling species: Perna viridis, Balanus amphitrite, and Haliclona cinerea. Modiolus barbatus, Nereis sp., and Xanthidae were only observed on surface of the control samples, suggesting that Ag-Zn/zeolite and Cu2O NPs can impede the development of Modiolus barbatus, Nereis sp., and Xanthidae on the coating surface. Furthermore, the average weight of macro-fouling organisms on the coating containing Ag-Zn/zeolite and Cu2O NPs was significantly lower (90 g/sample) than that of the macro-fouling organisms on the control coating (333 g/sample). Notably, one of the three samples with the Ag-Zn/zeolite and Cu2O NPs had the lowest weight of macro-fouling organisms, measuring only 35 g. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that polysiloxane/Ag-Zn/zeolite/Cu2O nanocomposite coatings show promise as antifouling paints for marine work applications.

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Fujibayashi, Megumu, Osamu Nishimura, and Takashi Sakamaki. "The Negative Relationship between Fouling Organisms and the Content of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Cultivated Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas." Marine Drugs 19, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19070369.

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Bivalves serve as an important aquaculture product, as they are the source of essential fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in our diet. However, their cultivation in the wild can be affected by fouling organisms that, in turn, affect their EPA and DHA content. The effects of fouling organisms on the EPA and DHA contents of cultivated bivalves have not been well documented. We examined the effects of fouling organisms on the EPA and DHA contents and condition index of cultured oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in an aquaculture system. We sampled two-year-old oysters from five sites in Shizugawa Bay, Japan, in August 2014. Most of the fouling organisms were sponges, macroalgae, and Mytilus galloprovincialis. A significant negative relationship existed between the DHA content in C. gigas and the presence of sponges and macroalgae. A lower C. gigas EPA content corresponded to a higher M. galloprovincialis fouling mass and a lower C. gigas condition index. This can be explained by dietary competition between C. gigas and M. galloprovincialis for diatoms, which were the main producer of EPA in our study sites. Our findings indicate that fouling organisms likely reduce the EPA and DHA content in cultivated oysters. Therefore, our results suggest that the current efforts to remove fouling organisms from oyster clusters is an effective strategy to enhance the content of EPA and DHA in oysters.

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Cao, Zhimin, and Pan Cao. "Research Progress on Low-Surface-Energy Antifouling Coatings for Ship Hulls: A Review." Biomimetics 8, no. 6 (October 21, 2023): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8060502.

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The adhesion of marine-fouling organisms to ships significantly increases the hull surface resistance and expedites hull material corrosion. This review delves into the marine biofouling mechanism on marine material surfaces, analyzing the fouling organism adhesion process on hull surfaces and common desorption methods. It highlights the crucial role played by surface energy in antifouling and drag reduction on hulls. The paper primarily concentrates on low-surface-energy antifouling coatings, such as organic silicon and organic fluorine, for ship hull antifouling and drag reduction. Furthermore, it explores the antifouling mechanisms of silicon-based and fluorine-based low-surface-energy antifouling coatings, elucidating their respective advantages and limitations in real-world applications. This review also investigates the antifouling effectiveness of bionic microstructures based on the self-cleaning abilities of natural organisms. It provides a thorough analysis of antifouling and drag reduction theories and preparation methods linked to marine organism surface microstructures, while also clarifying the relationship between microstructure surface antifouling and surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, it reviews the impact of antibacterial agents, especially antibacterial peptides, on fouling organisms’ adhesion to substrate surfaces and compares the differing effects of surface structure and substances on ship surface antifouling. The paper outlines the potential applications and future directions for low-surface-energy antifouling coating technology.

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Kim, MinGu, and George Nakhla. "Membrane fouling propensity of denitrifying organisms." Journal of Membrane Science 348, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.11.001.

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Sá, Fabrício S. de, Rosebel C. Nalesso, and Karla Paresque. "Fouling organisms on Perna perna mussels: is it worth removing them?" Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 55, no. 2 (June 2007): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592007000200008.

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Perna perna mussel spat were suspended from ropes on a long-line cultivation, at Coqueiro´s Beach, Anchieta, South-eastern Brazil, in order to quantify the fouling community structure and its effects on growth and biomass of mussels. Half of the ropes had the fouling removed monthly, half had the foulingleft until the end of the experiment. Monthly samples of thirty mussels from each group were measured and their biomass determined. The fouling organisms were identified, quantified and their biomass evaluated on a monthly basis. After ten months, mussels on the cleaned treatment were significantly larger and heavier (ANOVA; P < 0.05; Bonferroni: unfouled > fouled), showing that fouling reduced mussel development. The most abundant epibiont organisms in terms of biomass were the algae Polysiphonia subtilissima (29%) and Ulva rigida (10.3%), followed by the bryozoans Bugula neritina (13.6%) and Perna perna spat (10.6%). Over 97 taxa and 42,646 individuals were identified, crustaceans being the most abundant group, predominantly one amphipod Cheiriphotis megacheles (12,980 ind.). Species abundance was positively correlated with algal biomass, revealing the influence of algae on vagile fauna, which provide both food and shelter. The benefits of fouling removal are discussed because the majority of species are important feeding items to fishes and yet, the costs of its fouling control added to the associated mussel spat loss make this fouling removal of questionable value.

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Phuttapreecha, Ratchanee, Sumana Kajonwattanakul, Phatcharin Songkai, and Chaovadee Choamanee. "Survey of Fouling Organisms at Songkhla Port in Thailand." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 35, no. 1-2 (September 15, 2018): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.485.

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The fouling organisms at Songkhla Port were investigated from November 2011 to December 2012. Samples were collected using PVC panels (10 cm x 20 cm) submerged for one-month and three-month periods. Analysis of fouling panels was carried out using PhotoGrid software. In addition to slime and silt, three types of fouling organisms, namely encrusting bryozoa, barnacles and calcareous polychaetes, were observed on the submerged PVC panels. Calcareous polychaetes and molluscs were the most diverse groups (ten species) on panels that were submerged for one-month and three-month periods. Barnacles (Balanus spp.) were most abundant on panels submerged for three-month periods, while calcareous polychaetes dominated one-month panels. The dominant species of mollusc was the mussel Brachidontes sp. The major polychaetes identified were Ficopomatus macrodon, F. enigmaticus and Hydroides norvegicus. A highlight of this study was the first record of the Caribbean tubeworm Hydroides sanctaecrucis in Thailand, which has previously invaded and established in Australian waters through hull fouling.

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RAMADAN, SH E., A. M. KHEIRALLAH, and KH M. ABDEL-SALAM. "Factors controlling marine fouling in some Alexandria Harbours, Egypt." Mediterranean Marine Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.168.

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The present work aims to relate the settlement of marine fouling organisms in three different harbours in Alexandria city which present a wide range of ecological/environmental variations. Theses are the Abu Qir, Eastern and El-Dekheila harbours. Monthly samples of marine fouling were collected from the three harbours by using white roughened polystyrene test panels (12.5x12.5 cm), as well as physicochemical, chemical and other biological data. Results were treated with multivariate statistical analysis (PCA). At the Abu Qir harbour, it was found that water temperature and salinity are the most important environmental factors controlling the temporal distribution of total fouling density, whereas water temperature and chlorophyll a are the most significant environmental factors controlling the total biomass. At the Eastern harbour it was demonstrated that ammonia and phosphate are the most significant environmental factors controlling the temporal distribution and total biomass of fouling organisms. Concerning El-Dekheila harbour, the total density and total biomass of fouling organisms were inversely correlated with the total zooplankton.

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Jolkifli, Hjh Zuliza Hj, and Ranimah H. A. Wahab. "Plate Settlement: Determination of Fouling Organisms in Brunei." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 35, no. 1-2 (September 15, 2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.467.

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Shipping is considered a primary vector of biological invasion. Hull fouling is recognized as one of the common vectors involved in the translocation of marine pests that may have deleterious impacts to ecology and economy. In an effort to understand the fouling communities within Brunei waters and as an early attempt to obtain baseline data, PVC plates were deployed at a depth of 1 meter, checked for taxa composition and replaced with new plates monthly and quarterly over a period of one year. The Caribbean bivalve Mytilopsis sallei was absent throughout the period of study, and plates were mainly colonized by native fouling species and silt. Nevertheless, further verification on the absence of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is still required. This study summarizes the improved methods of analysis for better control and management in order to impede the incursion or invasion of undesirable species.

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Sun, Yuqi, Runze Zhang, Chunyi Sun, Zhipeng Liu, Jian Zhang, Shuang Liang, and Xia Wang. "Quantitative Assessment of Interfacial Interactions Governing Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling by the Mixture of Silica Nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and Natural Organic Matter (NOM): Effects of Solution Chemistry." Membranes 13, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040449.

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Mixtures of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and natural organic matter (NOM) are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments and pose risks to organisms. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes can effectively remove SiO2 NP–NOM mixtures. However, the corresponding membrane fouling mechanisms, particularly under different solution conditions, have not yet been studied. In this work, the effect of solution chemistry on polyethersulfone (PES) UF membrane fouling caused by a SiO2 NP–NOM mixture was investigated at different pH levels, ionic strengths, and calcium concentrations. The corresponding membrane fouling mechanisms, i.e., Lifshitz–van der Waals (LW), electrostatic (EL), and acid–base (AB) interactions, were quantitatively evaluated using the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (xDLVO) theory. It was found that the extent of membrane fouling increased with decreasing pH, increasing ionic strength, and increasing calcium concentration. The attractive AB interaction between the clean/fouled membrane and foulant was the major fouling mechanism in both the initial adhesion and later cohesion stages, while the attractive LW and repulsive EL interactions were less important. The change of fouling potential with solution chemistry was negatively correlated with the calculated interaction energy, indicating that the UF membrane fouling behavior under different solution conditions can be effectively explained and predicted using the xDLVO theory.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fouling organisms"

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Nylund, Göran M. "Chemical mediation of fouling in seaweeds /." Göteborg : Göteborg University, Department of Marine Ecology, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0701/2006388585.html.

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Yang, Lai Hung. "Antifouling compounds from the marine sponge acanthella cavernosa and its associated microbes /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202006%20YANG.

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Wieczorek, Sabine Katharina. "Effects of marine microfouling on the establishment of subtidal hard substratum communities." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13820.

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Sessile marine invertebrate larvae can recognize suitable settlement substrata by using various environmental cues, including organic/microbial "biofilms". In laboratory assays the effect of biofilm age on the settlement of a range of fouling species was assessed: the species included barnacle, bryozoan, spirorbin and ascidian larvae. The larvae of most species responded differentially to films of varying ages. A general trend of reversal of the effect of filming on the settlement response of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite amphitrite- from inhibitory to facilitatory - was noted with increasing film age. The settlement of the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis clearly was facilitated on filmed substrata of all ages. The larvae of the arborescent bryozoan Bugula flabellata generally were inhibited by biofilming (irrespective of film age), and the settlement of the polychaete Spirorbis spirorbis was found to be enhanced on "older" (12d) films only. In a series of manipulative panel experiments in a tidal rapid on the west coast of Scotland the effects of biofilming on subsequent larval settlement in the field were quantified. Inhibitory and facilitatory responses to biofilming were noted and these varied markedly between species and between two local habitats of contrasting flow regimes. The larvae of certain year-round settling species were found to vary in their response to biofilmed substrata depending on the season. Quantitative data were obtained for biofilms on artificial substrata by enumerating bacteria, diatoms, protozoans, fungi and the percent cover of microbial exopolymeric substances. These permitted comparisons of biofilms both in field and laboratory experiments. The results of the present study emphasize the importance of microbial surface film cues in explaining recruitment patterns of macrofouling assemblages during the first stages of substratum colonization.

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Scott, Caroline Daphne. "The role of blue-green algae as marine fouling organisms." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282555.

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Larsson, Ann. "Flow effects on settlement and recruitment in the barnacle : balanus improvisus with applications for biogouling control /." Göteborg : Dept. of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0706/2006411323.html.

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Larsson, Ann. "Flow effects on settlement and recruitment in the barnacle Balanus improvisus with application for biofouling control /." Göteborg : Göteborg University, Department of Marine Ecology, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0706/2006411323.html.

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Afsar, Anisul Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Settlement of marine fouling organisms in response to novel antifouling coatings." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40927.

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Surfaces submerged in marine environments rapidly get colonized by marine organisms, a process known as biofouling. Fouling costs maritime industries billions of dollars annually. The most common methods of combating marine biofouling are toxin containing antifouling coatings which often have detrimental non-target environmental effects. These effects and proposed bans on harmful substances in antifouling coatings, mandates development of more environmentally friendly antifouling technologies. Of these, foul-release coatings, which minimize attachment and adhesion of fouling organisms (rather than killing them) are promising alternatives. Here I explored the utility of petroleum waxes as novel antifouling/foul-release coatings. I first investigated the responses of propagules (larvae or spores) of six common fouling organisms to wax coatings in the laboratory. A wide variation in the response of these different organisms, and in the different types of response (settlement, adhesion, etc.) by the same organism, was observed, but the most inhibitory coatings were those made from microcrystalline wax and silicone oil. However, in field trials in Sydney Harbour, paraffin waxes had the strongest antifouling performance, with activity up to one year (the trial duration). These waxes also had strong foul-release effects, with fouling that did attach mostly removed by a low pressure water jet. Composition of fouling communities on paraffin waxes differed significantly from other waxes or controls, with little or no hard fouling organisms (barnacles, bivalves) on paraffin. The mechanisms of antifouling and foul-release actions of paraffin waxes appear to be due to changes in surface properties. The surfaces of the paraffin waxes changed noticeably after 4 - 8 weeks immersion in the sea or in seawater aquaria. Antibiotic treatments showed that this change in surface appearance was due to biological (microbial) activity. Bacteria appear to remove the amorphous phase from the surface of the paraffin waxes, revealing an underlying crystalline phase, which is less affected by bacterial action. I suggest that these crystals form a microstructured ?bed of nails? of crystals of varying shapes and sizes which inhibit settlement and reduce adhesion strength of those organisms which do settle.

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Huang, Yi-Li. "Potential roles of bacterial quorum sensing and biofilm formation in the biofouling process /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202007%20HUANG.

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Mai-Prochnow, Anne Gerda Erna Biotechnology &amp Bio-molecular Sciences UNSW. "Autolysis in the development and dispersal of biofilms formed by the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology and Bio-molecular Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25537.

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The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata produces target-specific inhibitory compounds against bacteria, algae, fungi and invertebrate larvae and is frequently found in association with living surfaces in the marine environment. This study examined the ability of P. tunicata to form biofilms under continuous culture conditions within the laboratory. P. tunicata biofilms exhibited a characteristic architecture consisting of differentiated microcolonies surrounded by water-channels. Interestingly, a repeatable pattern of cell death in the centre of microcolonies was observed. The antibacterial and autolytic protein, AlpP, produced by P. tunicata was found to be involved in this biofilm killing and a

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Stec, Lara Zoe. "Microfiltration of micro-organisms : the effect of the extracellular matrix on fouling." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343776.

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Books on the topic "Fouling organisms"

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Simone, Dürr, and Thomason Jeremy, eds. Biofouling. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2010.

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Dürr, Simone. Biofouling. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2010.

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V, Bocharov B., and Institut problem ėkologii i ėvoli͡u︡t͡s︡ii im. A.N. Severt͡s︡ova., eds. Biopovrezhdenii͡a︡, obrastanie i zashchita ot nego: Klimaticheskie, biokhimicheskie i ėkotoksikologicheskie faktory. Moskva: "Nauka", 1996.

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Partaly, E. M. Obrastanie v Azovskom more =: Fouling in the Sea of Azov. Mariupolʹ: Renata, 2003.

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Zvi︠a︡gint︠s︡ev, A. I︠U︡. Morskoe obrastanie v severo-zapadnoĭ chasti Tikhogo okeana. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 2005.

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Kovalʹchuk, I︠U︡ L. Diatomovye obrastanii︠a︡ tverdykh substratov. Moskva: T-vo nauch. izd. KMK, 2008.

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(1998), Puget Sound Expedition. A rapid assessment survey of non-indigenous species in the shallow waters of Puget Sound: Report of the Puget Sound Expedition, September 8-16, 1998. Olympia, WA: Nearshore Habitat Program, Aquatic Resources Division, Washington State Dept. of Natural Resource, 1998.

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Braĭko, V. D. Obrastanie v Chernom more. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1985.

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(Australia), Materials Research Laboratories, ed. Fouling settlement at HMAS Stirling (Cockburn Sound, Western Australia): A review. Ascot Vale, Vic: Materials Research Laboratories, 1986.

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Nylund, Göran M. Chemical mediation of fouling in seaweeds. Sweden: Göteborg University, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fouling organisms"

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Zong-guo, Huang, and Yan Song-kai. "Biofouling and Fouling Organisms of China Seas." In Oceanology of China Seas, 291–302. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0862-1_29.

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Low, Koh Lip, Hong Woo Khoo, and Lip Lin Koh. "Ecology of Marine Fouling Organisms at Eastern Johore Strait." In Fourth Symposium on our Environment, 319–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2664-9_30.

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de la Court, F. H. "The Minimum Leaching Rate of some Toxins from Antifouling Paints Required to Prevent Settlement of Fouling Organisms." In Biodeterioration 7, 305–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9_40.

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Chong, Roger Sie-Maen. "Shrimp fouling organisms." In Aquaculture Pathophysiology, 231–33. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95434-1.00033-4.

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Wahl, Martin. "Living Attached: Aufwuchs, Fouling, Epibiosis." In Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean, 31–83. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077992-2.

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"Bacterial Interactions with Marine Fouling Organisms." In Biofilms, 119–35. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482284157-13.

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Nagabhushanarn, R., and R. Sarojini. "An Overview of Indian Research Efforts on Marine Wood-boring and Fouling Organisms." In Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean, 1–30. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077992-1.

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Mary, Avelin, and R. Sarojini. "Hydroids." In Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean, 307–17. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077992-10.

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Mary, Avelin, and R. Sarojini. "Sea Anemones." In Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean, 319–37. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077992-11.

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Mohan, P. Chandra, N. Sreenivas, and Ch Aruna. "Serpulids." In Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean, 339–62. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077992-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fouling organisms"

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Izadi, M., D. K. Aidun, P. Marzocca, and H. Lee. "Experimental Investigation of Seawater Fouling Effect on the 90/10 Cu/Ni Tube." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27155.

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The fouling effect of seawater on a 90/10 Cu/Ni commercial heat exchanger tube is investigated. A fouling monitoring device, designed on the basis of fouling thermal resistance, is used for the current experimental study. First, the seawater samples collected in different times from Hampton, Rye, and Wallis beaches in New Hampshire, USA are vacuum-filtered down to a 10 μm filter paper to remove suspended solids, micro-organisms, and the majority of biological spores. Then, the filtered seawater samples are circulated through the closed loop experimental setup for two weeks and the fouling thermal resistance is measured continuously. The results show different fouling behavior for the seawater samples confirmed by the different composition of the samples. Analytical microscopy is performed on the tube surface before and after the experiments to see the effect of seawater fouling on the tube surface. The results of fouling monitoring experiments reveal a higher fouling thermal resistance for one of the seawater samples, Hampton seawater, contrary to the results of SEM\EDS analysis which show lower crystallization for Hampton sample. Water decomposition analysis shows the lowest sodium content for Hampton seawater compared to the other samples. Accordingly, accelerated corrosion of the tube surface occurs for Hampton seawater due to the presence of chlorine ions and low concentration of sodium. The high fouling resistance of Hampton seawater can be explained by participation of several fouling mechanisms simultaneously which makes a composite fouling behavior for Hampton seawater sample. The results of the current study are critical for the industries which use seawater as the cooling water source.

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Hunsucker, J. Travis, Harrison Gardner, and Geoffrey Swain. "Using Hydrodynamic Testing to Assess the Performance of Five Fouling Control Coatings Immersed at Two Field Sites along the East Coast of Florida." In SNAME 30th American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-2017-0008.

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Static immersion studies are commonly used to assess the performance of fouling control coatings. While these tests provide valuable data, it is also of importance to understand the drag forces associated with the accrued fouling communities and the velocities required for fouling removal. Combining the measurements of hydrodynamic testing with those from static immersion testing can help in predicting the performance of coatings prior to their consideration for use on Navy vessels. Replicates of five commercially available coatings (three fouling release coatings and two biocide based coatings) were deployed at two static immersion test sites located along the east coast of Florida (Port Canaveral and Sebastian Inlet). After four months of immersion, the panels were removed, photographed, subjected to known water velocities in a high-speed boat modified for hydrodynamic testing. Each panel was run at 5 m/s for 10 minutes, photographed, and then run at 10 m/s for 10 minutes. The drag forces were measured at speeds of 3, 6, 8.8 and 10 m/s for 1 minute each. Photographs taken before, during, and after hydrodynamic testing were also visually analyzed. After testing adhesion measurements were taken to determine the attachment strength of any hard fouling organisms which remained on the panels. The data collected from this series of tests, enabled the fouling control and fouling release properties of each coating to be characterized.

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Langhamer, Olivia, Dan Wilhelmsson, and Jens Engstro¨m. "Development of Invertebrate Assemblages and Fish on Offshore Wave Power." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79239.

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A significant development of offshore wave power is planned in the future, and its impact on the marine environment is unclear. Solid structures placed on the seabed create new habitats and function as artificial reefs for marine organisms. In this study we investigated the artificial reef effect and fouling impacts on offshore wave power devices deployed at the Swedish west coast. Here, buoys acting as point absorbers on the surface are connected to generators anchored on concrete foundations on the seabed. We studied the influence of surface orientation of the wave power foundations on epibiotic colonisation, and made in situ observations of micro-habitat use by fish and crustaceans over four years of submergence. We also examined fouling assemblages on buoys and calculated the effects of biofouling on the energy absorption of the wave power buoys.

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Gansel, Lars C., Per Christian Endresen, Kristine Braaten Steinhovden, Stine Wiborg Dahle, Eirik Svendsen, Silje Forbord, and Østen Jensen. "Drag on Nets Fouled With Blue Mussel (Mytilus Edulis) and Sugar Kelp (Saccharina Latissima) and Parameterization of Fouling." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62030.

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Biofouling is a serious problem in marine finfish aquaculture with a number of negative impacts. Marine growth obstructs net openings, thereby reducing water exchange through the net and affecting fish welfare and health, as well as the spreading of dissolved nutrients, particles and pathogens. Furthermore, additional water blockage leads to increased hydrodynamic forces on fish cages, which potentially threaten the structural integrity of the fish farm. However, detailed knowledge about the effects of biofouling on the flow past, and the resulting forces on fish cages, is limited and systematic investigations of the effects of different types of fouling have been called for. This study investigates the effects of different amounts and sizes of two important fouling organisms in Norwegian aquaculture, blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and kelp (Saccharina latissima) on the drag on net panels. Drag forces on a number of clean and fouled nets were measured in a flume tank at a flow speed of 0.1 m/s. Net solidity was calculated from images acquired of all nets in the current. The relationship between net solidity and drag was then found for clean nets and for each type of fouling, and biofouling was parameterized by comparing clean and fouled net results: for a given fouled net, a clean net can be found that experiences the same drag. The latter can then be used in numerical models to estimate the effect of fouling on net drag. That means existing models can be used to model the drag effect of fouling. This study found a solidity increase due to mussel and kelp fouling to affect drag roughly at the same rate as an increase in clean net solidity at a flow speed of 0.1 ms−1 and within the tested fouling size range for two net types. Therefore, existing models, describing the relationship between net solidity and drag, can be used directly or with minor alterations (especially at high solidities) to estimate effects of additional mussel and kelp fouling on drag. In contrast, wet weight seems to be unsuitable as a measure to estimate drag on nets fouled with seaweed or mussels. It should be noted that these findings are only valid under similar conditions, and that other fouling types and sizes, as well as test parameters and tank size can affect the relationship between solidity and drag.

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Maduka, Maduka, Katherine Coughlan, Franck Schoefs, Krish Thiagarajan, Sanjay Arwade, and Alison Bates. "Hydrodynamic Effects of Surface Roughness on Cylinders: Literature Review and Research Gaps." In ASME 2022 4th International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2022-98886.

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Abstract In recent years, several studies have been performed to assess the damages caused by marine biofouling. Marine biofouling (or marine growth) generally refers to the settlement and growth of unwanted aquatic organisms on human-made structures situated in marine and estuarine environments. Regarding the continued demonstration of energy resource potential and a promising area of research by offshore wind turbines (OWTs), this paper provides a review of biofouling phenomena in the context of underwater cylindrical components of offshore/marine structures. Most floating wind turbine installations are located in moderate water depths between 50 m to 100 m. At these depths, biofouling can be seen on a large section of cylindrical structures, including mooring lines or power cables, with considerable roughness. The proposed review will specifically highlight various marine fouling parameters and laboratory approaches employed by researchers in modelling biofouling, and its effects on hydrodynamic loading due to wave and current excitation. Most previous experimental research assumed that biofouling effects are a function of surface roughness that is either uniform or nearly uniform and that the stationary roughened cylinder is fully covered. Some other studies, however, have proven that the surface roughness alone cannot precisely characterize marine growth; other marine fouling parameters such as roughness geometry, surface coverage ratio, facility testing set-up, biofouling species, and colonization pattern can all have a significant impact on the hydrodynamic force coefficients. To highlight knowledge gaps and research trends on collective influential aspects of biofouling to date. This report went on to explore the challenges in modelling biofouling due to its intrinsic randomness and uncertainty, as well as suggestions for many studies on marine fouling that are currently absent.

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Kosyan, Alisa, Alisa Kosyan, Vladimir Gulbin, and Vladimir Gulbin. "FIRST CASE OF IMPOSEX IN NEPTUNEA CONVEXA (GASTROPODA: BUCCINIDAE) FROM BATHYAL DEPTHS (SEA OF OKHOTSK, >1400 M)." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93d3467d09.11646865.

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Owing to its worldwide use as an anti-fouling agent, tributyltin (TBT) is a common contaminant of marine ecosystems. Its wide distribution, high hydrophobicity and persistence have raised concern about bioaccumulation, potential biomagnifications in food webs, and adverse effects on the environment and human health. The most frequent and acute effect of TBT is found in gastropods, usually living in shallow waters, rarely at depths more than 100 m. This study reports about the first case of imposex in a deep water buccinid whelk Neptunea convexa collected at 1437 m in the Sea of Okhotsk. Among five collected specimens, the two were imposex females at the 1st stage of imposex development, while the rest three were males with normally developed penises. Most probably, TBT entered the whelk’s body by eaten benthic organisms, which feed on detritus with traces of TBT, but other reasons, such as heavy metal pollution, are also discussed.

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Kosyan, Alisa, Alisa Kosyan, Vladimir Gulbin, and Vladimir Gulbin. "FIRST CASE OF IMPOSEX IN NEPTUNEA CONVEXA (GASTROPODA: BUCCINIDAE) FROM BATHYAL DEPTHS (SEA OF OKHOTSK, >1400 M)." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315a4e465.

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Owing to its worldwide use as an anti-fouling agent, tributyltin (TBT) is a common contaminant of marine ecosystems. Its wide distribution, high hydrophobicity and persistence have raised concern about bioaccumulation, potential biomagnifications in food webs, and adverse effects on the environment and human health. The most frequent and acute effect of TBT is found in gastropods, usually living in shallow waters, rarely at depths more than 100 m. This study reports about the first case of imposex in a deep water buccinid whelk Neptunea convexa collected at 1437 m in the Sea of Okhotsk. Among five collected specimens, the two were imposex females at the 1st stage of imposex development, while the rest three were males with normally developed penises. Most probably, TBT entered the whelk’s body by eaten benthic organisms, which feed on detritus with traces of TBT, but other reasons, such as heavy metal pollution, are also discussed.

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8

Bulysheva, N. I. "SETTLING OF THE FOULING ORGANISMS AT THE METALS IN THE DELTA OF THE DON RIVER AND IN THE ESTUARINE ZONE OF THE SEA OF AZOV IN WINTER." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/3.1/s12.067.

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Jin, Yujie, and Frank Huang. "Construction of a Lab-Scale Reverse Osmosis (RO) System for Organic/Biological Fouling Research." In 1st Water Quality, Drought, Human Health and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/water2006-20010.

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New Mexico ranks 2nd in natural gas production of all producing states and the Gulf Coast region. A significant amount of produced water can be generated during gas production. In 2002, around 3.8 million barrels of produced water were generated during gas production in the San Juan Basin. While obviously not drinkable at the wellhead due to the presence of salts, trace organics, and heavy metals, produced water may be treated for agricultural and industrial purposes. Reclaiming produced water for industrial processes would then free up freshwater resources for other beneficial uses. Membrane separation is a viable option for produced water desalinization; however, its large-scale implementation has been plagued by the recurring fouling of the membranes and the associated high operating costs. The paper describes the components and layout of a bench-scale reverse osmosis (RO) system used to study membrane fouling from the desalination of produced water.

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Punase, Abhishek, Rashod Smith, Will Burnett, and Kevin Mutch. "Impact of Waxphaltenes on Overall Stability of Asphaltenes, Paraffins, and Emulsion." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216472-ms.

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Abstract Recent studies revealed that field deposits collected from production tubing of offshore wells often exhibit compositional variation pointing to more complex fouling process than original predictions based purely on asphaltene or paraffin instability. This deposit mixture generally comprises of 50-60% asphaltenes, 30-35% paraffin and remaining highly polar organics. The objective of this work is to understand the impact of Waxphaltenes co-precipitation on the overall performance efficiency of asphaltene inhibitors, paraffin Inhibitors, and Demulsifiers. Routine screenings and initial chemical treatments were found unsuccessful for both asphaltene and paraffin application. Firstly, the oil sample was fully characterized though Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy and High Temperature Gas Chromatography (HTGC). A series of dispersion and deposition tests were then conducted in order to identify potential chemistries for treatment. For asphaltene application, dispersion testing was mainly carried out using Asphaltene Differential Aggregation Probe Test (ADAPT) technique, whereas deposition tests were conducted on a customized Asphaltene Dynamic Deposition Loop (ADDL) test. Crude oil characterization indicated presence of unstable asphaltene fraction within the analyzed crude oil sample. Dispersion efficiency with different asphaltene inhibitors revealed possible co-precipitation issue of other crude oil solubility fractions. Further characterization analyses highlighted heavier paraffinic components to have very high affinity towards the asphaltene clusters and creating waxphaltene precipitation issue. Efficiency of traditional asphaltene inhibitor chemistries were observed to not perform well for waxphaltene deposition. Similarly, paraffin application was tested using optical transmittance method and cold finger deposition setup. Moreover, rheological studies also highlighted issue of highly stable emulsion formation leading to complex fluid flow challenge. Improvement in the chemical treatment program and product development based on the knowledge obtained through this holistic work resulted in superior performing formulations. The deposition test results using the improved inhibitor chemistry was tested on ADDL and showed better performance than the traditional asphaltene inhibitor. Cold finger results also yielded softer deposit with overall lower mass on the fingers. Furthermore, considerable reduction in the emulsion stability was as obtained with addition of the combinatorial product. The new approach presents a unique opportunity to revisit the way we do product development allowing chemical treatment strategy to be adopted and aligned based on actual deposit characteristics. Findings from this work allows more objective and reliable strategy to be adopted for offshore production with flow assurance management challenges caused by waxphaltenes deposition.

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Reports on the topic "Fouling organisms"

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Yentsch, Charles S., and David A. Phinney. The Fouling of Mine Casing Surfaces by Fluorescent Organisms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628856.

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