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Academic literature on the topic 'Fouline'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fouline"

1

Peiris, R. H., H. Budman, R. L. Legge, and C. Moresoli. "Assessing irreversible fouling behavior of membrane foulants in the ultrafiltration of natural water using principal component analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices." Water Supply 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.025.

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Natural river water is comprised of different foulant components such as natural organic matter and colloidal/particulate matter. Both individual and combined contributions of these foulant components results in different fouling behaviour. The ability to characterize these contributions that lead to reversible and irreversible membrane fouling would be beneficial for the implementation of fouling monitoring and control strategies for membrane-based drinking water treatment operations. A fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and principal component analysis-based approach was able to qualitatively estimate the accumulation of humic substances (HS)-, protein- and colloidal/particulate matter-like foulant components in membranes during the ultrafiltration (UF) of natural river water. A bench-scale flat sheet UF cross-flow set-up and successive permeation and membrane backwashing cycles were used. Analysis of the accumulation of these foulant components revealed that the increased levels of colloidal/particulate matter accumulation in the membranes appeared to have increased the extent of irreversible fouling by HS-like matter whereas lower irreversible fouling by protein-like matter was observed with increased colloidal/particulate matter accumulation. The results also indicate that the combined contributions by these foulants are important in the fouling of membranes during the UF of river water.
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Meng, Xianghao, Shujuan Meng, and Yu Liu. "The Limitations in Current Studies of Organic Fouling and Future Prospects." Membranes 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120922.

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Microfiltration and ultrafiltration for water/wastewater treatment have gained global attention due to their high separation efficiency, while membrane fouling still remains one of their bottlenecks. In such a situation, many researchers attempt to obtain a deep understanding of fouling mechanisms and to develop effective fouling controls. Therefore, this article intends to trigger discussions on the appropriate choice of foulant surrogates and the application of mathematic models to analyze fouling mechanisms in these filtration processes. It has been found that the commonly used foulant surrogate (sodium alginate) cannot ideally represent the organic foulants in practical feed water to explore the fouling mechanisms. More surrogate foulants or extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) extracted from practical source water may be more suitable for use in the studies of membrane fouling problems. On the other hand, the support vector machine (SVM) which focuses on the general trends of filtration data may work as a more powerful simulation tool than traditional empirical models to predict complex filtration behaviors. Careful selection of foulant surrogate substances and the application of accurate mathematical modeling for fouling mechanisms would provide deep insights into the fouling problems.
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Moyo, Welldone, Machawe M. Motsa, Nhamo Chaukura, Titus A. M. Msagati, Bhekie B. Mamba, Sebastiaan G. J. Heijman, and Thabo T. I. Nkambule. "Fundamental fouling mechanisms of dissolved organic matter fractions and their implications on the surface modifications of ceramic nanofiltration membranes: insights from a laboratory scale application." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (November 1, 2019): 1702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.419.

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Abstract This work reports on the fundamental factors influencing inter-foulant and foulant-membrane interactions during simulated dissolved organic matter removal using ceramic nanofiltration. Fouling tests were performed using sodium alginate (SAL), humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model foulants. Fouling potentials of each foulant and their mixtures were investigated using feed solutions containing fixed concentrations of K+, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ with a total ionic strength of 10 mM. The impact of modification by atomic layer deposition on fouling mitigation was also assessed. The flux decline in the first 100 min for single foulants was 4.16 × 10−2, 2.69 × 10−2 and 1.60 × 10−2 Lm−2 for SAL, HA and BSA, respectively. These results demonstrated that for the single foulants, deposition on the membrane surface in the early stages of filtration was primarily governed by membrane-foulant interactions. Interestingly, cake filtration was the least fouling mechanism in feed solutions composed of BSA and SAL (R2 = 0.519, 0.374 for BSA + SAL and BSA + SAL + HA, respectively) and the most favorable fouling mechanism of feed solution which included HA and SAL (R2 = 0.972). The water contact angle dropped from 58o to 35° after coating, thus improving its anti-fouling properties.
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Buchori, Luqman, Heru Susanto, and Budiyono Budiyono. "SINTESIS MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI NON FOULING UNTUK APLIKASI PEMPROSESAN BAHAN PANGAN." Reaktor 13, no. 1 (February 3, 2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.1.10-15.

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Membran ultrafiltrasi (UF) telah terbukti sebagai proses yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi di bidang pemprosesan bahan pangan. Namun, peristiwa fouling dapat menurunkan kinerja membran secara signifikan. Meskipun banyak metode pengendalian fouling telah diusulkan, dalam banyak kasus kinerja proses sangat dipengaruhi oleh membran sebagai jantung dari proses. Dalam makalah ini pengendalian fouling dilakukan dengan memodifikasi permukaan membran dengan teknik kopolimerisasi foto-grafting. Acrylic acid (AA), acrylamido methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), dan N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-(3sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine sebagai senyawa zwitterion (ZI) digunakan sebagai monomer fungsional. Pengaruh waktu iradiasi terhadap efektifitas modifikasi telah diamati. Kinerja membran hasil modifikasi kemudian diuji dengan menggunakan berbagai model larutan foulant yang meliputi larutan protein, larutan polisakarida dan larutan polifenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat non fouling membran sangat jelas dapat ditingkatkan baik dengan PEGMA maupun dengan ZI. Secara umum, modifikasi menggunakan PEGMA menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik. Larutan polifenol menunjukkan karakter foulant yang paling kuat diantara model foulant.
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Xu, Tingting, Jie Song, and Guangli Xiu. "Study on the cross-flow ultrafiltration of mixtures of macromolecular organic and inorganic salts." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 6 (February 24, 2022): 1754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.066.

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Abstract Ultrafiltration (UF) has been widely applied to water treatment in the past few decades, but severe membrane fouling is one of the most significant obstacles for its further development. In reality, the constituents of feed water are complex, and the fouling behavior could be different from that induced by a single foulant. In this study, the membrane fouling induced by mixed organic foulant (sodium alginate, SA) and inorganic ions under various conditions were investigated. The effects of ion concentration and valence on the combined fouling as well as the rejection performance were examined. The results showed that compared to SA alone, the presence of inorganic ions could aggravate the organic fouling of UF membranes significantly. The fouling became more severe as the ion concentration increased. Also, ions with higher valence tended to exacerbate the fouling compared with monovalent ions. It was also found that the existence of inorganic ions had negligible effects on the rejection of organic molecules, however, the rejection of salts can be improved because of the organic matter. In addition, the analysis of the classic fouling models showed that the complete blocking model is the main fouling mechanism of the mixed SA and inorganic salts.
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Yan, Linlin, Ruixue Li, Yu Song, Yanping Jia, Zheng Li, Lianfa Song, and Haifeng Zhang. "Characterization of the Fouling Layer on the Membrane Surface in a Membrane Bioreactor: Evolution of the Foulants’ Composition and Aggregation Ability." Membranes 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070085.

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In this study, the characteristics of membrane foulants were analyzed with regard to morphology, composition, and aggregation ability during the three stages of transmembrane pressure (TMP) development (fast–slow–fast rise in TMP) in a steady operational membrane bioreactor (MBR). The results obtained show that the fouling layer at the slow TMP-increase stage possessed a higher average roughness (71.27 nm) and increased fractal dimension (2.33), which resulted in a low membrane fouling rate (0.87 kPa/d). A higher extracellular DNA (eDNA) proportion (26.12%) in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) resulted in both higher zeta potential (-23.3 mV) and higher hydrophobicity (82.3%) for initial foulants, which induced and increased the protein proportion in the subsequent fouling layer (74.11%). Furthermore, the main composition of the EPS shifted from protein toward polysaccharide dominance in the final fouling layer. The aggregation test confirmed that eDNA was essential for foulant aggregation in the initial fouling layer, whereas ion interaction significantly affected foulant aggregation in the final fouling layer.
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Nghiem, Long Duc, Christiane Espendiller, and Gerd Braun. "Influence of organic and colloidal fouling on the removal of sulphamethoxazole by nanofiltration membranes." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.647.

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This study investigated the effects of organic and colloidal fouling on the removal of a representative micropollutant sulphamethoxazole by two commercially available NF membranes. Alginate, bovine serum albumin and colloidal silica were selected as model foulants to simulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic fractions, and colloidal matter that are often found in treated effluent and surface water. Membrane fouling was related to the membrane and foulant characteristics and subsequently the separation behaviour of the micropollutant sulphamethoxazole under different solution pH. On the basis of these results, it was confirmed that membrane fouling is strongly dependent on both the foulant and membrane characteristics. The complex relationship among retention mechanisms, fouling mechanisms and the effects of fouling on retention was systematically delineated. Of the three model foulants selected for this study, colloidal fouling resulted in the most significant reduction in retention of sulphamethoxazole as well as inorganic salts, while flux decline as a result of colloidal fouling was quite moderate. Reduction in retention caused by fouling was attributed to a phenomenon known as cake-enhance concentration polarisation, which was a predominant mechanism of colloidal fouling. In addition, the reported results suggested that the effect of fouling on retention is also membrane pore size dependent.
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Azari, Sara, Linda Zou, Emile Cornelissen, and Yasushito Mukai. "Facile fouling resistant surface modification of microfiltration cellulose acetate membranes by using amino acid l-DOPA." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.292.

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A major obstacle in the widespread application of microfiltration membranes in the wet separation processes such as wastewater treatment is the decline of permeates flux as a result of fouling. This study reports on the surface modification of cellulose acetate (CA) microfiltration membrane with amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (l-DOPA) to improve fouling resistance of the membrane. The membrane surface was characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle and zeta potential measurement. Porosity measurement showed a slight decrease in membrane porosity due to coating. Static adsorption experiments revealed an improved resistance of the modified membranes towards the adhesion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model foulant. Dead end membrane filtration tests exhibited that the fouling resistance of the modified membranes was improved. However, the effect of the modification depended on the foulant solution concentration. It is concluded that l-DOPA modification is a convenient and non-destructive approach to enable low-BSA adhesion surface modification of CA microfiltration membranes. Nevertheless, the extent of fouling resistance improvement depends on the foulant concentration.
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Ouyang, Rulu, Bin Huang, Chun-Hai Wei, Hongwei Rong, Huarong Yu, Fangshu Qu, Kang Xiao, and Xia Huang. "Cake Layer Fouling Potential Characterization for Wastewater Reverse Osmosis via Gradient Filtration." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 21, 2022): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080810.

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It is of great importance to quantitatively characterize feed fouling potential for the effective and efficient prevention and control of reverse osmosis membrane fouling. A gradient filtration method with microfiltration (MF 0.45 μm) → ultrafiltration (UF 100 kDa) → nanofiltration (NF 300 Da) was proposed to extract the cake layer fouling index, I, of different feed foulants in this study. MF, UF, and NF showed high rejection of model suspended solids (kaolin), colloids (sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin), and dissolved organic matters (humic acid) during constant-pressure individual filtration tests, where the cake layer was the dominant fouling mechanism, with I showing a good linear positive correlation with the foulant concentration. MF → UF → NF gradient filtration tests of synthetic wastewater (i.e., model mixture) showed that combined models were more effective than single models to analyze membrane fouling mechanisms. For each membrane of gradient filtration, I showed a positive correlation with the targeted foulant concentration. Therefore, a quantitative assessment method based on MF → UF → NF gradient filtration, the correlation of combined fouling models, and the calculation of I would be useful for characterizing the fouling potentials of different foulants. This method was further successfully applied for characterizing the fouling potential of real wastewater (i.e., sludge supernatant from a membrane bioreactor treating dyeing and finishing wastewater).
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Ling, Bowen, Peng Xie, David Ladner, and Ilenia Battiato. "Dynamic Modeling of Fouling in Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050349.

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During reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration, performance is dramatically affected by fouling, which concurrently decreases the permeate flux while increasing the energy required to operate the system. Comprehensive design and optimization of RO systems are best served by an understanding of the coupling between membrane shape, local flow field, and fouling; however, current studies focus exclusively on simplified steady-state models that ignore the dynamic coupling between fluid flow, solute transport, and foulant accumulation. We developed a customized solver (SUMs: Stanford University Membrane Solver) under the open source finite volume simulator OpenFOAM to solve transient Navier–Stokes, advection–diffusion, and adsorption–desorption equations for foulant accumulation. We implemented two permeate flux reduction models at the membrane boundary: the resistance-in-series (RIS) model and the effective-pressure-drop (EPD) model. The two models were validated against filtration experiments by comparing the equilibrium flux, pressure drop, and fouling pattern on the membrane. Both models not only predict macroscopic quantities (e.g., permeate flux and pressure drop) but also the fouling pattern developed on the membrane, with a good match with experimental results. Furthermore, the models capture the temporal evolution of foulant accumulation and its coupling with flux reduction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fouline"

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Borea, Laura. "Advanced MBR processes for wastewater treatment and energy production." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2491.

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2014 - 2015
More stringent standards on water quality along with the shortage of vater resources have led to the development of advanced wastewater treatment processes, in order to ensure the respect of discharge limits and the reuse of trated water... [edited by author]
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Alharthi, Majed. "Fouling and cleaning studies of protein fouling at pasteurisation temperatures." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4892/.

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Fouling and cleaning processes impact industrial production, in terms of economics, product quality, product safety, and plant efficiency. Therefore, optimisation of fouling and cleaning processes is a significant issue, and needs a good understanding of fouling and cleaning kinetics. Ideal monitors should determine the right time when a process run should stop and when a plant will be clean in order to improve the process efficiency. This thesis investigated the fouling and cleaning behaviour of dairy fluids in a plate heat exchanger (PHE) and bench scale fouling rig, using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and WPC-/m (with added minerals) as fluid models. Fouling and cleaning monitoring methods were also investigated as new ways to operate and control the processes. Experiments displayed that fouling increased with increasing protein concentration up to a limit of approx. β-Lg 0.3 wt. %. Increasing the flow rate from 100 to 150 l/h decreased the Δ(ΔP) fouling rate for β-Lg concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5wt.% by 34, 70 and 72.7%, respectively, due to the increasing of shear stresses at the heat transfer surface. Adding minerals to WPC has lowered the temperature at which β-Lg begins to denature. The differences in fouling behaviour of WPC and WPCm had an effect on cleaning behaviour. Increasing the mineral content in WPC deposits leads to cleaning behaviour which differs completely from that of proteinaceous deposit as no pressure peak is observed.
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Aryal, Ashok. "Investigation of pre-treatment used for organic foulant removal from wastewater effluent on fouling of membranes used for wastewater treatment and reuse." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1891.

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The volume of global water is very large. However, the source of water on the globe is finite and also distributed in quite uneven manner. In addition to this, freshwater source is dwindling and becoming scarce from human intervention including anthropogenic input, reduced rainfall due to climate change and increased water demand for drinking, hydropower, irrigation and industrial use combine with increasing pollution load from urban, industrial and agricultural discharges. This results many part of the world with only limited or no fresh water source to meet the increasing water demand. So, development of alternative water resource such as wastewater recycling is highly essential to face the degradation of and shortage of water. In this context, the use of membranes in wastewater reuse process is likely to play an important role to combat the potential degradation and shortage of the water resources as well as to meet increasingly stringent standards in terms of potable and industrial use. It has been used for the treatment of wastewater effluent at Beenyup and Kwinana wastewater treatment plant by Water Corporation. While Beenyup will recycle water to recharge the aquifer for future use, Kwinana plant recycles it for industrial use. Despite various promises of membrane, the wide application is still limited as both plants experienced membrane fouling particularly organic and biofouling leading to increase in operation cost.Organic foulants could cause both reversible and irreversible fouling. While reversible fouling can be overcome by backwashing, irreversible fouling tenders expensive membranes useless. So, this research aimed to investigate the in-depth assessment of organic matter removal particularly focusing on pretreatment side to reduce the fouling rate by minimizing the organic material prior to the membrane filtration. Two fundamental mechanism particularly physicochemical and biological processes were investigated both separately and in combination in this research. They were analysed in terms of organic matter removal (DOC, UV254, SUVA, Turbidity,… etc) during the study of these process. Enhanced coagulation by Ferric Chloride and MIEX® were studied as physico chemical process while BAC was studied as biological treatment process for various experimental configurations. The laboratory results showed that physio chemical process can achieve around 60 percent removal of organic carbon present in the wastewater. Similarly, biological process was also found to be effective and achieved up to 45 percent removal of organic carbon. The combined performance of pre-treatment particularly BAC followed by the coagulation was also investigated and found to be more effective as BAC converted nonsorbable organic carbon to sorbable organic carbon by increasing the efficiency of coagulant significantly.This combination achieved the removal of organic carbon even up to 90 percent. This means, fouling of membrane can be reduced significantly by applying fore mentioned treatment individually or in combination. However, to understand the fouling mechanism further, more detail laboratory works need to be done. So, various pre-treated secondary wastewater needs to be brought into membrane fouling experiments in the next stage of research in order to understand the insight of membrane fouling and its minimization to make the membrane technology economical for the reuse of wastewater.
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Fryer, P. J. "Modelling heat exchanger fouling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377221.

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Helalizadeh, Abbas. "Mixed salt crystallisation fouling." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844179/.

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The main purpose of this investigation was to study the mechanisms of mixed salt crystallisation fouling on heat transfer surfaces during convective heat transfer and sub-cooled flow boiling conditions. To-date no investigations on the effects of operating parameters on the deposition of mixtures of calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate, which are the most common constituents of scales formed on heat transfer surfaces, have been reported. As part of this research project, a substantial number of experiments were performed to determine the mechanisms controlling deposition. Fluid velocity, heat flux, surface and bulk temperatures, concentration of the solution, ionic strength, pressure and heat transfer surface material were varied systematically. After clarification of the effect of these parameters on the deposition process, the results of these experiments were used to develop a mechanistic model for prediction of fouling resistances, caused by crystallisation of mixed salts, under convective heat transfer and subcooled flow boiling conditions. It was assumed that the deposition process of calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate takes place in two successive events. These events are the combined effects related to transport phenomena and chemical kinetics. The effect of the extra deposition created on the heat transfer surface due to sub-cooled flow boiling was considered by inclusion of an enhancement factor. The newly developed model takes into account the effects of all important parameters on scaling phenomena and also considers the simultaneous precipitation and competition of various minerals in the scale formation process. Model predictions were compared with the measured experimental data when calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate form and deposit on the heat transfer surface simultaneously. While deviations ranging from 6% to 25% between model predictions and measured experimental data can be considered good in the context of such a complex process, fouling morphology is clearly a factor to be considered in more detail. This is particularly problematic in the context of more complex fouling solutions encountered in industry. Furthermore, the crystalline samples were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, X- Ray Diffraction and Ion Chromatography techniques. Fractal analysis performed on Scanning Electron Microscopy photographs of the deposits was used to quantify deposit characteristics by introducing a new quantity called the fractal dimension.
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Lewis, William J. T. "Advanced studies of membrane fouling : investigation of cake fouling using fluid dynamic gauging." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646145.

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Membrane filtrations are widely used in process industries but are almost always limited by fouling, a highly studied and significant problem. This is defined as unwanted material deposited on a membrane surface or within its pores, which can significantly impair performance and/or reduce operating life. The strategies to mitigate fouling include cleaning in place, modified membranes, and optimisation of operating conditions. In order to correctly select or target improvements to any such measures a detailed mechanistic understanding of the fouling process is important, which requires more than just performance data from unit operations. One key mechanism is that of cake fouling, which describes the build-up of particle layers on the surface of the membrane. Its growth and physical properties are difficult to assess. In this project the technique of fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) has been explored as a means to study cake fouling. This simple, yet robust method allows for estimation of thickness and strength of cake fouling at high concentrations and opacity, without any prerequisite knowledge of feed properties. Studies described herein focused on microfiltrations through cellulosic membranes. FDG was used to track cake growth during filtrations of polydisperse yeast suspensions (which contained large agglomerates), demonstrating its capability to work with non-ideal, food-like substances. Later studies used more predictable suspensions of hollow glass spheres, which were used to assess various filtration models. The most effective was found to be an interpretation of the critical flux laws, which were used to successfully identify pore fouling during filtrations of Kraft lignin, an observation supported by FDG measurements. Another novel achievement of this project was the development of an automated apparatus for performing FDG in cross-flow membrane filtration. This allowed for much faster acquisition of results, and demonstrated the potential for its development into an autonomous system capable of making thickness measurements on the fly during filtrations. The most reliable protocol for determining cake growth rates was by repeated filtrations in which destructive thickness testing was performed at selected time points. This was because continuous or even repeated thickness measurements during a single filtration were found to cause too much disturbance to the fouling layer. Computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate shear stress profiles on the fouling layer, while also providing a more accurate means to calibrate the automated apparatus. Erosion caused by FDG readings, when viewed under a microscope, was found to conform to the shear stress profiles predicted by simulations.
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Shi, Xinlong. "Membrane fouling of activated sludge." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30731884.

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Sandberg, Jan. "Fouling in biomass fired boilers." Licentiate thesis, Västerås : Department of Public Technology, Mälardalen University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-219.

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Sandberg, Jan. "Fouling in biomass fired boilers." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13204.

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This thesis describes a detailed investigation into fouling in biomass fired boilers according to fuel mixture, combustion conditions, transportation of particles by the flue gas and the probability of particles impinging and sticking onto heat transfer tubes. The effects of fouling on overall boiler performance and the efficacy of soot blowing are also investigated. Both theoretical simulations and practical experiments on a 157 MW circulating fluidized bed boiler are presented. The deposit thickness on and around a heat exchanger tube is shown to be mainly dependent on the ash particle size, as particles larger than 10 µm (Stokes number larger than 0.1) mainly impinge on the windward side of tubes. The study also shows that fuel containing small amounts of chlorine and zinc – common elements in recycled wood – may cause both higher deposit growth rates and rapid increases in corrosion rates. These elements (chlorine and zinc), together with alkali metals from the biomass have the potential to form sticky compounds that increase the deposit growth rate. Reducing deposits by soot blowing is very effective at removing loose deposits but the hard sintered part of the deposits is almost unaffected. The use of recycled wood has a larger impact on the deposit growth rate than the soot blowing interval. Numerical simulations show that deposits on the superheater tubes redistribute the heat transfer rate from the superheaters to reheater 1 and partially redistribute turbine power from the high pressure turbine to the intermediate pressure turbine
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Bradley, Stuart Edward. "Fouling resistant heat exchanger design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239799.

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Books on the topic "Fouline"

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Huuhilo, Tiina. Fouling, prevention of fouling, and cleaning in filtration. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2005.

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Simone, Dürr, and Thomason Jeremy, eds. Biofouling. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2010.

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Dürr, Simone. Biofouling. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2010.

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Tsados, Andrew. Gas-side fouling studies. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Melo, L. F., T. R. Bott, and C. A. Bernardo, eds. Fouling Science and Technology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2813-8.

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Bott, T. R. Fouling of heat exchangers. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Advances in Fouling Science and Technology (1987 Alvor, Portugal). Fouling science and technology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Partaly, E. M. Obrastanie v Azovskom more =: Fouling in the Sea of Azov. Mariupolʹ: Renata, 2003.

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Zvi︠a︡gint︠s︡ev, A. I︠U︡. Morskoe obrastanie v severo-zapadnoĭ chasti Tikhogo okeana. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 2005.

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Kovalʹchuk, I︠U︡ L. Diatomovye obrastanii︠a︡ tverdykh substratov. Moskva: T-vo nauch. izd. KMK, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fouline"

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Giorno, Lidietta, and Napoleone D’Agostino. "Fouling." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 807–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_366.

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Giorno, Lidietta, and Napoleone D’Agostino. "Fouling." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_366-1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Fouling." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 323. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5254.

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Somerscales, Euan F. C. "Fouling." In Two-Phase Flow Heat Exchangers, 407–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2790-2_12.

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Howell, J. A., and M. Nyström. "Fouling Phenomena." In Membranes in Bioprocessing: Theory and Applications, 203–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2156-9_6.

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Jiang, Zhongyi, Xueting Zhao, Jinming Peng, Yanlei Su, and Hong Wu. "Fouling Release." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 815–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1282.

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Le-Clech, Pierre. "Reversible Fouling." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1736. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1709.

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D’Agostino, Napoleone, and Lidietta Giorno. "Fouling Index." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 812–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_239.

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Fane, Tony. "Irreversible Fouling." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1070–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_328.

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Jiang, Zhongyi, Xueting Zhao, Jinming Peng, Yanlei Su, and Hong Wu. "Fouling Release." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1282-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fouline"

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Sharma, Arjun, Tariq S. Khan, Ebrahim Al Hajri, and Md Islam. "Morphological Characterization of Fouling on Air Cooled Fin Fan Heat Exchangers." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66972.

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In today’s fast growing world where availability of energy has become a major concern, the cost of performance demands optimum heat exchange performance over extended periods of operational times. Fouling is one major factor that drastically affects heat exchanger performance. Most of the oil & gas processing plants in the Middle East are located in deserts. Due to scarcity of water most of the installed heat exchangers are air-cooled. These heat exchangers are at high risk of low performance due to dusty/sticky particulate fouling. In order to identify possible active/passive methods to control or ideally eliminate particulate fouling, as a first step, it is desirable to know exact morphology of such particulate fouling. This study presents morphological characterization of selected fouling samples from eight different installed fin fan heat exchangers. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests are carried out to determine standard characteristics and size of sample foulant powder. Variability in sizes and shapes is found between samples perhaps due to different working temperature ranges of the selected heat exchangers. The semi quantitative sample composition measured by energy dispersion x-ray micro analysis was as following: 26.50% Si, 26.12% Ca, 10.07% C and 9% Al with traces of Fe, Na, Mg, Cl, and some other salts. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed presence of quartz, calcite and alumina with traces of halite and hematite. The diversity of these fouling samples reflects complexity with respect to their potential removal and effects on heat transfer.
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Li, Wei. "A Theoretical Analysis of Fouling: Oscillatory Asymptotic Fouling Model." In 8th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3320.

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Laney, Scot. "Considerations for the Evaluation of Fouling Resistant Coatings for Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59099.

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Abstract For over forty years, coatings have been used as a means to prevent the build-up of foulants on the flow passages of centrifugal compressors. In general, this has been a “One Size Fits All” solution, with most OEMs and applicators offering nearly identical coating systems, despite the fact that there are distinct differences in the types of foulant that occurs in different services. To develop new coatings, there are two options, test “on the job” or test in a laboratory setting. This paper looks at various test methods to evaluate coatings by isolating the important aspects that a good fouling resistant coating should possess, namely fouling, erosion, and corrosion resistance. Each of these will be investigated separately in a battery of easy to perform tests. To the extent possible, the tests for each aspect attempt to replicate the complex conditions that occur in a centrifugal compressor that impact that specific aspect. The fouling and corrosion tests were performed with considerations for two different types of service. To illustrate the ability of the test to evaluate various coatings, the results from three different coatings will be discussed. These test methods will also be compared to other test methods used in literature.
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Bott, T. Reg. "Fouling Control and Energy Conservation." In 2007 International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies: Theory and Application. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/theta.2007.363440.

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Birmingham, Joseph G., and Donald J. Hammerstrom. "Fouling Prevention Using Plasma Catalysis." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3641.

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Perry, Jeffrey L., and Satish G. Kandlikar. "Investigation of Fouling in Microchannels." In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96248.

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Particulate fouling in microchannels is a subject that is largely unexplored. It does, however, have significant implications for all microchannel flows since the hydraulic diameters are very small and consequently are susceptible to excessively large pressure drops. The significant forces for dilute solutions of silica particles ranging from 3 to 10 μm are studied in rectangular microchannels made in silicon with a hydraulic diameter of 106 μm. The effects of zeta potential which is pH driven, lift force on the particulates and their fouling characteristics are evaluated by measuring the pressure drop across the microchannel test section.
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Kurz, Rainer, and Klaus Brun. "Fouling Mechanisms in Axial Compressors." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45012.

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Fouling of compressor blades is an important mechanism leading to performance deterioration in gas turbines over time. Fouling is caused by the adherence of particles to airfoils and annulus surfaces. Particles that cause fouling are typically smaller than 2 to 10 microns. Smoke, oil mists, carbon, and sea salts are common examples. Fouling can be controlled by appropriate air filtration systems, and can often be reversed to some degree by detergent washing of components. The adherence of particles is impacted by oil or water mists. The result is a build-up of material that causes increased surface roughness and to some degree changes the shape of the airfoil (if the material build up forms thicker layers of deposits). Fouling mechanisms are evaluated based on observed data, and a discussion on fouling susceptibility is provided. A particular emphasis will be on the capabilities of modern air filtration systems.
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Glumac, Daniel, Koji Kadowaki, Roy Cho, Gregory Peterson, Ryan Hunter, Leslie Kent, Robroy MacIver, Vidhu Pandey, and Kazuhiro Tanahashi. "An Anti-Fouling Airway Stent." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1031.

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Abstract Airway stents are used to keep airways open for those patients symptomatic from tracheobronchial disease. Tracheobronchial disease or central airway obstruction (CAO) can occur with benign or malignant disease, or complications from lung transplantation. Although stents can offer symptomatic relief for CAO, complications such as granulation tissue formation, stent fracture, and infection commonly occur after stent placement. Currently, all airway stents promote mucus buildup which can lead to stent failure and airway complications. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of special anti-fouling coatings to prevent mucus buildup. The coatings have been tested: 1) for wettability, 2) using XPS and TOF-SIMS to characterize surface properties, and 3) in the laboratory (in vitro) to study effects of mucin incubation. Findings include significant improvement in limiting mucus adhesion in a lab model.
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Wait, Isaac W., and Ernest R. Blatchley, III. "Fouling of Quartz Surfaces in a Low-Pressure High-Output (LPHO) Ultraviolet Disinfection Reactor Treating a Groundwater Source: Foulant Characterization, Distribution, and Phosphate Effects." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)124.

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Xu, Ping, Yajun Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, and Ting Liu. "Fouling in Circulating Cooling Water System." In 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (iCBEB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbeb.2012.228.

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Reports on the topic "Fouline"

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Xu, Xuewei. Development of Low Fouling and High Fouling-release Zwitterionic Marine Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627839.

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Malik, Aslam A. Fluoroelastomer Fouling Release Coating. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351696.

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Kuru, W. C., and C. B. Panchal. High-temperature organic-fluid fouling unit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510329.

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Husson, Scott M., Viatcheslav Freger, and Moshe Herzberg. Antimicrobial and fouling-resistant membranes for treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598151.bard.

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This research project introduced a novel membrane coating strategy to combat biofouling, which is a major problem for the membrane-based treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewaters. The novelty of the strategy is that the membrane coatings have the unique ability to switch reversibly between passive (antifouling) and active (antimicrobial) fouling control mechanisms. This dual-mode approach differs fundamentally from other coating strategies that rely solely on one mode of fouling control. The research project had two complementary objectives: (1) preparation, characterization, and testing of dual-mode polymer nanolayers on planar surfaces and (2) evaluation of these nanolayers as membrane modifiers. The first objective was designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how polymer nanolayer chemistry and structure affect bacterial deposition and to demonstrate the reversibility of chemical switching. The second objective, which focused on membrane development, characterization, and testing, was designed to demonstrate methods for the production of water treatment membranes that couple passive and active biofouling control mechanisms. Both objectives were attained through synergistic collaboration among the three research groups. Using planar silicon and glass surfaces, we demonstrated using infrared spectroscopy that this new polymer coating can switch reversibly between the anti-fouling, zwitterion mode and an anti-microbial, quaternary amine mode. We showed that switching could be done more than 50 times without loss of activity and that the kinetics for switching from a low fouling zwitterion surface to an antimicrobial quaternary amine surface is practical for use. While a low pH was required for switching in the original polymer, we illustrated that by slightly altering the chemistry, it is possible to adjust the pH at which the switching occurs. A method was developed for applying the new zwitterionic surface chemistry onto polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. Bacteria deposition studies showed that the new chemistry performed better than other common anti-fouling chemistries. Biofilm studies showed that PESultrafiltration membranes coated with the new chemistry accumulated half the biomass volume as unmodified membranes. Biofilm studies also showed that PES membranes coated with the new chemistry in the anti-microbial mode attained higher biofilm mortality than PES membranes coated with a common, non-switchablezwitterionic polymer. Results from our research are expected to improve membrane performance for the purification of wastewaters prior to use in irrigation. Since reduction in flux due to biofouling is one of the largest costs associated with membrane processes in water treatment, using dual-mode nanolayer coatings that switch between passive and active control of biofouling and enable detachment of attached biofoulants would have significant economic and societal impacts. Specifically, this research program developed and tested advanced ultrafiltration membranes for the treatment of wastewaters. Such membranes could find use in membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater, a slightly upgraded version of what presently is used in Israel for irrigation. They also may find use for pretreatment of agricultural wastewaters, e.g., rendering facility wastewater, prior to reverse osmosis for desalination. The need to desalinate such impaired waters water for unlimited agricultural use is likely in the near future.
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Stein, Judith, Christina D. Wood, Kathryn Truby, Owen Harblin, and James Resue. Nontoxic, Self-Cleaning Silicone Fouling Release Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399920.

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Bockelie, Michael J. Mitigation of Syngas Cooler Plugging and Fouling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234451.

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Cella, James. Advanced Non-Toxic Silicone Fouling-Release Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607451.

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Daniel Molloy. Environmentally Safe Control of Zebra Mussel Fouling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/935261.

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Chatwani, A. Predictive modelling of boiler fouling. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/233295.

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Sedath, R. H., S. F. Yates, and N. N. Li. Reduced fouling of ultrafiltration membranes via surface fluorination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6695060.

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