Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Foucault, Michel (1926-1984) – philosophe – Critique et interprétation'
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Coelho, de Souza Sandra. "L'éthique de Michel Foucault." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100118.
Full textMy thesis shout Michel Foucault is mostly concerned by Foucault’s thought between "madness and civilization" (1960) and "history of sexuality" (1984). If one considers the thesis bibliography, it's possible to understand that Foucault’s work considered by me as more important of his thought is not always proposed by Foucault’s books; many articles and interviews elucidate the aims and trajectory of Foucault. This is the reason why they play an important role in the thesis. During one of his stays in Berkeley (October 1980), Foucault explain the themes of his ethics: "I am a moralist, insofar as a believe that one of the tasks, one of the meanings of human existence - the source of human freedom - is never to accept anything as definitiven untouchable, obvious or immobile" (history of the present, spring 1980). In this interview conducted by m. Bess, Foucault exposes the three elements of his moral thought. They are: "(1) the refusal to accept as self-evident the things that are proposed to us" - it concerns the first chapter of my thesis(l'experience fondamentale); "(2)the need to analyses and to know, since we can accomplishe nothing without reflexion and understanding thus the principle of curiosity" - it concerns la problematisation
Goumaz, Christophe. "Visages et marges de la philosophie de Michel Foucault." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO31012.
Full textIn his work, michel foucault suggests that phenomena should be approched through what constitutes their limit (law through crime and prison, normaly through madness. . . ). We, in our turn, have applied this method to foucault's work, which we have revisited, starting our study from its collateral works. We offer a singular reading of his work, relying mamily on his dits et ecrits. We have enhanced the value of the notion of ascesis, and asked more globally the question of the subject and subjectivation in a work witch intends to do without reference to its author. "who is subject?" "what is the event?" foucault's ascesis is a specific form of ascesis, devoted to the double task of downgrading and the making of the self. According to us, it opens out, by the practices it involves, on to a space of its own, which has to be characterized (fiction, distance, awe. . . ). Through this approach, we get back to the question of archives and their relation to history, with its political implications
Shinkai, Yasuyuki. "L'invisible visible : études sur Michel Foucault." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0037.
Full textSardinha, Diogo. "Ordre et temps dans la philosophie de Michel Foucault." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100106.
Full textThe writings of Foucault are astonishing for the all but inexplicable way in which they invite us to suspend our beliefs regarding the history of either a problem or an institution – indeed, even the history of our own society. But how is this extraordinary feat accomplished ? Foucault develops his archaeology and genealogy along three main axes of the human experience: knowledge, power, and ethics. But do these all follow the same temporal restraints ? He claims that they are dominated by two distinct temporalities. One is superficial and continuous; the other is basic but discontinuous. Towards the end of his life, Foucault sketched a new research program, which he called "a historical and critical ontology of ourselves". This program requires a perspective that is at once epistemological, political, and ethical. For Foucault, it is no longer acceptable to use a single or dual axis, such as the power-knowledge axis, in order to pursue his research. Three are necessary. Foucault tells us that the interaction between knowledge, power, and ethics should be understood from a systematic point of view. But what exactly does this mean ? For we know that his work has always been in opposition to any idea of a system of thought ? Foucault was able to formulate the necessity of a "systematic" thought because his work already had an essential coherence to it. This coherence is inextricably linked to the three realms of experience: they all are divided in two strata ; the first one is immediately accessible, and the second one is mediated, and radical. In this scheme, the dimension of time necessarily overlaps with the dimension of order
Abe, Takashi. "La méthode archéologique de Michel Foucault : le statut du sujet." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100006.
Full textIn this study, the works of Foucault were chronologically examined. Analysis was made on the development of his philosophical method known as archaeology, and on its dominant topic : the subject. Foucault treated the concept of subject as an operational concept, through which his research was realized. Through the 1960s, in parallel with the development of archaeology, he criticized the epistemic function of the subject, which was the very basis of Human Sciences. At the end of the 1960s, through a radical reconstruction of the archaeological method, he discovered a new object of research the discourse. On the basis of such methodological change, the new research examined the status of the subject differently. The concept of "subjectification" was introduced in order to describe a dynamic process interrelated with the function of power, in which subjectivity is formed. This process of subjectification further introduced the dimension of ethics
Zengin, Ayse Nilüfer. "Corps et vérité chez Michel Foucault." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010536.
Full textHan, Béatrice. "Michel Foucault entre l'historique et le transcendantal." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120004.
Full textInvestigating the problem of the historical and the tanscendantal in michel foucault's works enabled me to reveal the author's most constant preoccupation, which was to give a transposition of the "critical" question of the conditions of possibility of knowledge that would allow it to escape from the deadends of the transcendantal theme (understood as anthropologized). Moreover, studying foucault's three main philosophical sources (kant, nietzsche, heidegger) led me to discover, for each stage of the author's intellectual development, the lack of a sound and consistant enough theoretical foundation. Henceforth, i tried to pinpoint and identify the recurrent guises of the transcendantal theme infoucault's work, mostly by analyzing the notions of "episteme", "historical a priori", "power knowledge" and "problematization"
Basso, Elisabetta. "Michel Foucault et la "Daseinanalyse" : une enquête méthodologique." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010530.
Full textLaarissa, Mohamed Mustapha. "Epistème, discours, pouvoir chez Michel Foucault." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010520.
Full textThis work intends to study three notions essential to Foucault : episteme, speech, power as referring at the same time to different phasis in the theoritical evolution of the author. So the question is to observe a thought in its moments of mutation, even of erisis. Consequently, we are concerned with an opened work, in a perpetual removal. That verifies the methodological importance of "l'archeologie du savoir". Meanwhile, if such a work reveals itsely very important for our study, it's not because it takes place in a reflexive form of a "theory of the method" but because it establishes a new object for history: the speech, regarded here with a differential point of view and no more with a totalising one, as it was with "les mots et les choses". Therefore, the two works stumble on the same obstacle : the reducing explanation of knowledge by knowledge. "surveiller et punir" and "la volonte de savoir" will outline admirably that dilemna in developing by the hypothesis of a necessary correlation between knowledge and power, what will be the elaboration of a new point of view on power : the relationnal point of view. But Foucault will paradoxically present power in its relation with resistance (which is opposed to it) : an omnipresent power, and a resistance which can only be then obliged to resort to a third dimension which is not reducible neither to knowledge nor to power : the dimension of the subjectivation, such as the Foucault's two last work, "l'usage des plaisirs "and" le souci de soi" present it to us. Foucault's thought will then finally take on the form of a triple historical ontology of knowledge, power and subjectivation (and not of subject)
Kozlowski, Michal. "Fonctions du discours et figures du sujet : Michel Foucault, théoricien de la liberté." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0073.
Full textMichel Foucault is often perceived as the one willing to deconstruct the very idea of the subject. In my analysis I attempt to show the contrary. Foucault's cautious work aims at the reconstruction of the concept of the subject in order to think it through both it its limitations and the possibilities to realiza its freedom. In that perspective I account for two key notions that Foucault works out : the one of the actuality abd the one of the genealogy. I introduce in Foucault theoretical structure the spinozian concept of conatus understood, as permanent will of the self-constitution of a subject by the subject. These three notions together let me account for political strategies of emancipation in the Foucaultian sense. The main argument developed in my dissertation leads to the conclusion that Michel Foucault far from being a new conservatism offers as a matter of the new visions of progressivism, a skeptical one perhaps but genuinely mature
Leonelli, Massimo R. "Foucault généalogiste, stratège et dialecticien : de l'histoire critique au diagnostic du présent." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100176.
Full textThe extension of the reflexive view of a genealogy of genealogy itself, which governs the problematisation of Foucault's own research, revolves around three differing pieces of historical writing: History as "the other side of reason" in The History of Madness. This is a work that attempts to escape Hegelism by means of a metamorphosis of Hegelian concepts (derived principally from The Phenomenology of the Spirit and from J. Hyppolite) through their reaction with certain aspects of Nietzschian genealogy. History as the principle of the intelligibility of the historiography of "war", which is the object and criterion of the course, Il faut défendre la société, in which Foucault examines the tools of his own research. The complex and decisive relationship between Foucault's analysis and the analysis of Marx and different forms of Marxism (Lukàcs, Plekhanov, Gramsci, Lefèvre, Althusser, Balibar. . . ) is revealed through their comparisons. From the re-establishment of exact references to Marx to the highlighting of the immense importance of Augustin Thierry, the reconstruction of sources proues the validity of Foucault's thesis. History as the repetition-transformation of the question: "Was ist Aufklarung?", which defines modernity and the very historicity of modernity. The reflexive nature of Foucault's reading of Kant's text allows us to clarify certain disputed points of interpretation (the best illustration being a comparison to Habermas) and to capture a kind of retrospective coherence which is characteristic of the reflected elaboration that follows the experimental process (G. Canguilhem)
Hwedi, Nafati. "La relation entre l'individu et le pouvoir dans la philosophie de Michel Foucault." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1005.
Full textFoucault suggests analysing a new shape of power by exceeding the former shape " to let live " or " make die ". These analyses take a determined point (history) to penetrate to the archipelagos of various powers. Foucault worries to distinguish, in these processes, the truth which belongs solely to the power
Aidara, Chérif Abdourahmane. "La notion de déviance dans la philosophie de Michel Foucault." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100124.
Full textInstead of to reduce itself to an area, the work of michel foucault proceeds to the cross-roads of various disciplines. In our perspective, we do not propose a new study of the history on the thought of foucault. We wish, concerning what we consider as a problematisation on the abnormality, to make rise a meditation that could be set out the next manner: in which measure a problematisation on the abnor, mality can be accompanied by the work of foucault, if we consider this constant link in its researches between the gap to the norm on the one hand, the society and the policies on the other hand. The true question remains to know if it can exist a society in which the power doesn't need abnormalities, illegalisms. Does not the penal machinery, as noted foucault, have for function, rather than to aim to the extinction of the abnormalities, to aim on the contrary to their control, to their maintenance in a certain balanced state which could economically be useful and politically fertile? To reply to this question we have envisaged the connection between the subject and the games of truth from either the coercive practices as in the case of the psychiatry and the penitentiary system, either through the practices of oneself that, according to foucault, represents an important phenome, non in our societies since the greek and roman period, even if it has not been sufficiently studied. Power, truth and abnormal subject, here are therefore the three axes from which we have ex, amined the work of foucault before determining it exact impact in the judicial and penal, epistemology
Marinho, Ernandes Reis. "La vision de l'homme chez Foucault." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010621.
Full textHortonéda, Jeanine. "Deux contemporains Michel Foucault et Gilles Deleuze : convergences, divergences, résurgences." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20115.
Full textFoucault and Deleuze: two philosophers, two contemporaries with an unusual career whose meeting and mutual acknoledgement throws a glimmering ligth on each other's thinking. By comparing Foucault's and Deleuze's texts, one can find out how concepts –even philosophical practices– pass and transform from one to the other. Their asymmetrical respective publications put into relief perspectives on topical questions theoretical and political common commitments, particulary on the issue of relationships between politics and subjectivization practices; How the subject came into being through desire, and how the body harnesses its pleasures –caught between subjection to and desubjection from – give rise to an array of questions about what a life that would be free from the concept of subject, êthopoiétique, alêthurgique, in a word, a philosophical life can be. Two philosophers concerned with the event – even though Deleuze's notion of transformation does not coincide with Foucault's genealogical and archeological approach – who share the same sharp sense of criticism in order to provide a new vision of thought and foster the resurgence of an ethical questioning after the “dead of man” and the “dead of God”
Kayano, Toshihito. "La production de l'obéissance : la formation de la société chez Spinoza et Foucault." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100032.
Full textThis thesis is intent on thinking the formation of society by means of a study of the philosophies of Spinoza and Foucault. In the first part, it defines society and builds the conceptual instruments of the proposed problematic. In the second part, it considers the logic of the existence of the world, whereby humans body, which are the actors and consitutent parts of society, are produced as finite modes existing and acting in a specific manner. In the third part, it discusses the dynamics which characterize human actions, or the operations that structure the field of action, each time in a determined configuration. In the last part, it develops a construction of the State from its genetic cause, namely the social function of violence. It is the combination of processes which taken together forms society
Favreau, Jean-François. "L' espace littéraire de / selon Michel Foucault." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070021.
Full textThis work follows the motive of literature in the whole work of Michel Foucault. Literature appears as a documentary material witnessing to modemity and its madness, a way to defy classical philosoph/s fundaments, a preserved space for a mysticism of language, as well as a challenging stimulation for the thinking. Then, discourse about literature represents a thinking laboratory, making visible the biggest impulses, changes and intuitions of Foucault. As an historian, critic and philosopher, he approached this exception zone where the specific rule challenges the automatisms of the law. Its space successively appears as a carnival, abyss, laboratory or battlefield. In its radical isolation, the very structured and mirroring literary space represents for Foucault a repeated occasion for a step aside, and a companion against/for philosophy. Here we can find the same questions Foucault asked in his major books (what he called "serious" discourse), but from a different point of view: what does it mean to be "against"? who speaks? how to change the angle of thinking? what is modernity ? What should appear after humanity? To manage this study, we had to go through Foucault's own references and readings: the decisive input of the generation of Bataille, Blanchot and Klossowski, the singular works of Roussel or Sade, the neighbourhood of Barthes, Derrida and Sollers. Fiction seemed to us a relevant criterion to think the work of Foucault as a whole. It's a way to take into consideration the geography and the dramaturgy of his thinking; it is both the place and the operating mode that Foucault uses to change and build his own trajectory. Fiction, in Foucault's work, finally appears as a pattern in which the writing and the building of a life affect each other
Schottmann, Franziska. "Visages du langage : Michel Foucault face à la littérature (1961-1969)." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070067.
Full textThere is a "being of language. " Based on this simple affirmation, Michel Foucault's writings on literature unfold a large and ramified network evolving by the subtle play of difference and repetition. By discussing Foucault's essays and articles dealing with literature, the question arises of how language contributes to the construction of thinking. How can a gesture of writing create a way of thinking and which are the specific forms and concepts of this thinking? Or, to speak with Foucault, what means "thinking and talking"? In our discussion of Foucault's notion of a "being of language", it becomes apparent that language has a strictly fictional dimension that subverts any reflexive and self-conscious speech. When the syntax of sentences prefigures the architecture of a thought, the gap opened up by the conjunction "and" in "thinking and talking" reveals the purely literai and material dimension of language. Foucault's notion of "being of language" that is neither a concept nor a pure phrase is not the basis for a stable ontology linked to a ontological founded poetic but the ironic reversal of any attempt of poetologicai formalization. Thus, the goal of this study is the patient deployment of the textual echoes and the maze of motifs that, far from asserting Foucault's books as defined units, dissolves them while creating new and very different links between them
Bellahcène, Driss. "Michel Foucault et le savoir pouvoir." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082375.
Full textThe topic of this thesis is to analyse the connexion between knowledge and power in Foucault's works. First the power is an exercice, a mecanism. It can't be possessed. Neither knowledge nor power can overwhelm one another or be confused. There is a mutual capture. Truth must be understood as a complex network between knowledge and power (as a conflictual force field). Also the link between subjectivity and truth can't be reduced the game for power. Knowledge points out strata, files as strata. . . It is then what power integrates himself and explains and is explained by it. As a mecanism, power is not limited to contain forms of knowledge-power but generates effects of power and products knowledge. Foucault presents two examples of this acting productivity : discipline (police of behaviour) and sexuality. The discipline as technology of taming, is a concentration of forms of knowledge-power controling the subject in order to turn to automatism the subject body's functions, to extract the more possible and economicaly usefull force and to prevent resistance. The connexion between subjectivity and truth can't be resumed only to the connexion with power and knowledge : it escapes the sexuality mecanism. Telling truths would be like playing the game for power with his domination stategies
Lemoine, Simon. "Contributions à une philosophie du dispositif, Usages de Foucault." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT5012.
Full textA significant part of human relations is unthought. Those invisible relations, are diffuse, heterogeneous, variegated, mediated, delayed, amplified, hybridized, beyond the thinking-understanding. In many places, those relations turn to the advantage of mechanisms. In other words, they lead the subject to do thousands of things that he would not have done on his own, and also gradually modeled the subject according to their goals (they have gradually modeled a subject ergonomic, persistent, oriented, etc. ). Those determined relations are taking place largely in the microphysical dimension, usually neglected. A careful study of mechanisms brings us to perceive the existence and importance of that largely unexplored continent
Shim, Jaiwon. "Michel Foucault : liberté, pouvoir et leur histoire : introduction thématique à son anthropologie nominaliste." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100086.
Full textThis thesis consists of four parts: I. Archaeology and genealogy, II. Micropower and government, III. Liberty and care of self, IV. Birth of nominalist anthropology. In part I, archaeology evolves toward a critical-rational method, while genealogy applies to the polemical position against the theoretical-speculative visions of the world. Part II deals with the micropower Foucault reveals with “discipline” as total individualising socio-control. Then the micropower reveals itself as physical-moral relations of power which enable this “discipline” to exist. Nevertheless, it integrates the nominalist conception of power as strategic relation between social agents. And it is in this context that we find the forerunner of the conception of “government”. As power consists in “government” (a conducting relation between free individuals), it is no longer opposed to individual liberty as practice of the self-subjectifying will. This conception of liberty treated in part III is drawn from the histories of the “care of self”. Foucault problematizes this care of self with the “techniques of self” which accompany it as practical matrix. In fact, he repositions them in the context of the care of self with “the greatness of mind”. Concerning nominalism (which is treated in part IV), Foucault asserts that history takes an interest in the factual truths of specific events. Thus nominalism joins Foucault's anthropology as his found-again ultimate horizon. This renewed tendency means there is a nominalist return to anthropology
Cremonesi, Laura. "Interpretazioni del mondo antico nell'opera di Michel Foucault : "technai tou biou, epimeleia heautou e parrhesia"." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002513170204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe present thesis is an attempt to the analysis of the ancient thought interpretations developed by Michel Foucault between the end of the Seventies and the beginning of the Eighties. The aim of this study is relating some main topics of the practices and ancient texts analysis by Foucault with the idea of criticism as well as the idea of philosophy as "critical diagnosis of the actuality", which he develops in his last works. In fact in the following chapters I intend to propose some hypotheses about how to link the idea of philosophy as critical diagnosis of the actuality with the greek and roman idea of "askesis" -- the oneself transformation process -- and with the idea of "parrhesia" -- the dangerous speech activity of truth-telling
Frackowiak, Mathieu. "Histoire et vérité chez Michel Foucault." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040235.
Full textWith this PhD, I propose a reading of Foucault – and particularly the « Cours au Collège de France » which deals with three questions. First, how to think through the historic work of Foucault, the operations which characterize that work and its fictional dimension? Second, what kind of importance do foucaldian “genealogies” carry for Truth in History and their way of practicing historical studies? And last, can we say that there is a foucaldian history? My work demonstrate that, in Michel Foucault’s thinking, Truth – and the way we write the history of Truth in Western Thought – organizes History, a role which has been described in the thesis as “eugenics” because of its consequences on the order of discourses, in science and, consequently, on real and possible ways of living for human beings. We try to think, therefore, against that eugenics and to characterize the way Foucault practiced history, and to understand the consequences of this practice on philosophy?
Revel, Judith. "Différence et discontinuité dans la pensée de Michel Foucault : langage, histoire, subjectivité." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0053.
Full textM. Foucault has been trying to found a new way to think discontinuity through the production of a concept of discontinuity which might be able to break both with "philosophies of the subject" and the linear, teleological models of history, and conceiving a new history of the systems of thought which would warrant the historicization of its own process or objectivation. Foucault's philosophy is discontinuous, non linear and obviously rooted in its own history. A new approach of his work was thus wanted in order to read Foucault with its own method of historicization. The paradoxal link between discontinuity and history has been approached through a second concept, "difference", which appears to be central in French thought after 1945, associated with a larger attempt to formulate the possible conditions of a non-dialectical thought. Foucault's neglected dialogue with Merleau-Ponty, Derrida and Deleuze's works, to whom such a topic has been central, suggests to formulate a new hypothesis : there has been among them a common problematization of difference, but the relation to history and discontinuity has underlined the singularity of each singl philosophical choice
Conry, Sébastien. "Spatialité des frontières : géophilosophie d'après Michel Foucault et Gilles Deleuze." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841647.
Full textBuhlmann, Pierre. "La liberté de soi : enquête croisée sur l'attitude critique chez Adorno et Foucault." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20009.
Full textOur doctoral research undertakes a problematization of the way in which the moral constitution of the self is conceivable today. The universal demand formulated by the Kantian categorical imperative has never ceased to be valid. But history has shown that it is now necessary to reflect this moral requirement against itself. This is why the present work seeks to understand the possibilities available to any subject to constitute himself as a self capable of moral action. In an attempt to reflect on the question of moral action, we cross the negative critical thinking of Theodor W. Adorno with the genealogical analyzes of Michel Foucault. Our project aims to understand Adorno's moral reflections in the light of the practices in which Foucauldian thought allows them to be immersed, as well as to identify the philosophical-moral implications which underlie Foucault's last works, and which do not become apparent only in light of Adornian analyzes
Fontaine, Mathieu. "Michel Foucault, une pensée de la résistance." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH028/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on Michel Foucault’s thought of resistance. There is a dual idea: on the one hand, to offer a critical and systematic study of the Foucaldian use of resistance, in order to shed light on the important analyses, theses and concepts of his work; on the other hand, to understand how Foucault renews the thought of resistance in his contemporary context, and in an explicit or implicit discussion with Marxism, Sartre, Deleuze or the Frankfurt School. The challenge is to show that it is in virtue of some thought on resistance, and on some visible but decisive aporias, such as a normless or subject-deprived resistance, that Foucault redirects his methodological eye towards an analysis of power, government and subjectivity. At least three specific resistances can thereby be distinguished: a literary resistance against the anthropological illusion, a collective resistance against political norms - sovereign, disciplinary, bio-political powers -, and finally an ethical and subjective resistance to what, in itself, accepts, desires and reestablishes ways to govern oneself. Besides, Foucault’s relationship to Nietzsche is subject to a specific attention: it is about showing how Foucault frees his genealogical work, whose inspiration is of resistance, from a Nietzschean philosophy focused on the will to power, that is to say the overtaking of resistances. In that, it is possible to show that the Foucaldian resistance, which is played at the crossroad of thought, freedom, and truth, constitutes a privileged way to philosophically answer to the critics of historicism, relativism, or nihilism addressed to Foucault
Canavese, Mariana. "Les usages de Foucault en Argentine (1958-1989) : de l'homme nouveau à la fin du printemps démocratique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0030.
Full textMichel Foucault's work has been referenced by intellectuals of several disciplines and ideologies and has originated an intense and heterogeneous reception during the second half of the XX century in Argentina. This thesis offers the results of a research which central aim has been to explore and reconstruct the uses of Foucault's work by Argentina's intellectuals and social scientists. The research performed consisted in reviewing the ways those political- intellectual interventions have had impact in specific ways on the local culture and politics between 1958 and 1989. The research relied on critical reading of political-intellectual interventions and written documents, as well as files and secondary bibliography consulted. Sorne of the key participants of this movement were deeply interviewed to analyze the relationship between readers and readings. This research is placed in the field of intellectual history and, as case study, proposes a transdisciplinary approach which integrates tools and technique related to the intellectual and cultural history, the contemporary political theory and philosophy, and the cultural sociology. This work is based on the ideas' circulation and reception problems and the transcultural transfer
Jacquemond, Olivier. "Amitié pour l'inconnu sans ami : politique et écriture de l'amitié." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070023.
Full textAfter its Golden Age in Ancient Greece, the question of friendship has become a « lost philosophical problem ». During the 20th century, this question has been rather peculiarly taken over at a crossroads between philosophy and literature, first by Maurice Blanchot, and then by a whole generation of philosophers, such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes or Jacques Derrida. These theoreticians have reinstalled the philosophical dignity of the question of friendship, while reconsidering it completely. As it is, their friendship has not much in common with that of the Ancient Greeks, for it has been doubly affected: by "Auschwitz", a disaster after which it is impossible to look at a friend without defiance; and by May 1968, when any stranger was already a loved one, and thus became the "familiar-unknown". Through these two events, we have tried to elaborate a definition of friendship as friendship without a face. It corresponds to a friendship rid of the alienating, confiscating presence of the friend. In this new configuration, friendship is not at the heart of the city anymore, but it is newly radical, through a refusal of every kind of identification, fixation or assignation. To sum it up, friendship has become synonymous with the beginning of a resistance
Cohen, Jessica. "Subjekt und Autonomie nach Michel Foucault : neue Entwicklungen der politischen Theorie in Frankreich." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0066.
Full textThis dissertation examines the development of the concept of subjectivity in the context of French criticism of poststructuralism by drawing on the work of three authors : Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997), Marcel Gauchet (born 1946) and Alain Renaut (born 1948). The research focuses on their critiques towards Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and explores their respective definitions of the notion of subject. The core question concerns the link between subject and autonomy : Why do all three authors reproach Foucault for giving up individual and political autonomy with his understanding of the subject, and do they open up new prospects for rethinking the subject as an autonomous political agent ? The different approaches put forward by Castoriadis, Gauchet and Renaut display that the French critique of poststructuralism is heterogeneous : Renaut advocates a return of reason and thus joins the work of Jürgen Habermas in Germany. Castoriadis, for his part, draws on French phenomenology by proposing to discover the human capacity of creation. Gauchet combines structuralist as well as phenomenological presuppositions. From a German perspective, a better knowledge of these phenomenologically inspired critiques of poststructuralism would be beneficial in order to open up further prospects for revising the concepts of subject and autonomy after Foucault
Pellegrini, Mariangela. "L'ontologie critique de nous-mêmes : Michel Foucault et la constitution du sujet dans une trame historique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040093.
Full textIn 1983 Foucault pronounces for the first time, during a lesson at the Collège de France, the syntagma “Critial Ontology of Ourselves”. Other similar denominations are used by Foucault in a retrospective way to define his philosophical researches, indeed throughout 1980 he uses at the same time: “Historical Ontology of ourselves”, “Ontology of the Actuality”, “Ontology of the present”, “Ontology of modernity”, et finally “Ontology of ourselves”. This list of synonyms concerns the principal aim of my dissertation: understand what is the Critical Ontology of Ourselves. The crucial point of this work consist from one hand in interrogating and understanding the syntagma above mentioned, from the other in verifying the possibility of the construction of a genesis of this idea
Squverer, Amos. "La résistance à la psychanalyse : enjeux épistémologiques et cliniques." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070055.
Full textFrom a very early stage, the resistance to psychoanalysis has been a necessary indication of its pertinence. How can psychoanalysis deal with this résistance in the epistemological field? This study will return to Freud to try and assess his attitude towards this résistance - the place of the impossible - in order to establish the role that dissident theories play in his own texts, and outline their intertextual dynamic. In order to understand the very essence of the résistance, one would need to reflect on the articulation - pointed out by Freud - between the resistance to psychoanalysis and Judaism. What is conveyed by these two discourses that makes them the target of resentment? This thesis seeks to show how different theories, that have dissented from Freudianism, try in different ways to re-incorporate elements of pre-monotheistic and idolatrous theology in order to avoid castration. The "individual" resistance during treatment and the "collective" one in the epistemological field will be treated as the components of a clinical field of idolatry that would summon a particular modality for its disarmament
Katsogianni, Anastasia. "L'anthropologie psychanalytique de la société bio-politique : un dialogue entre la psychanalyse lacanienne et la théorie politique foucaldienne sur le corps comme lieu d'inscription du malaise dans la civilisation." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070099.
Full textThe aim of this Ph. D. Is to show the present relevance of Freud's socio-clinical project by clarifying thecche aut malaise in contemporary society. Based upon the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan and the political philosophy of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, the present work proposes a psychoanalytic anthropology of bio-political society, in other words it draws a parallel between the pathogenesis that characterises modem society (clinique du social) and the pathology of the subject as expressed nowadays through the body and its vicissitudes (clinique du cas). One of the main issues of this work has been that of a critical approach of the explanation of bodily phenomena (primarily psychosomatic ones) by means of the post-modem theory of symbolic collapse. Indeed, the interest of this research into psychosomatic-dermatological phenomena consists in the exploration of this type of phenomena in relation to the processes of desymbolization (homo sacer, to be a body, formless) and bio-symbolisation (bio-political subject, to have a body, forms-of-life) which are characteristic of the apparatus (dispositifs) of subjectivization in late modernity
Vuillerod, Jean-Baptiste. "L’anti-hégélianisme de la philosophie française des années 1960 : constitution et limites d’un renversement philosophique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100105.
Full textThis thesis is about anti-Hegalianism of French philosophy during the 1960s. Focusing on Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, its aim is to understand why a lot of philosophers, at that time, criticized Hegel even though his philosophy had been very successful in France from 1930s to 1950s. The comprehension of this phenomenon aspires also to show its limits, in order to go beyond the false opposition between anti-Hegelianism and Hegelianism and to think about the relevancy of Hegel’s philosophy today. In a first part, the text analyzes Althusser’s work from the master’s thesis on Hegel (1947) to the very anti-Hegelian books For Marx and Reading Capital (1965) ; then it studies Foucault’s thought to understand why he defended Hegel in 1949 and after became an anti-Hegelian philosopher during the 1950s and the 1960s ; finally, it searches why Deleuze evolved until developping a violent anti-Hegelianism in Nietzsche and Philosophy (1962) and in Difference and Repetition (1968). The conclusion tries to seize this collective phenomenon as an intellectual constellation, but also to problematize it
Teillet, Arnaud. "Une fabrique du sujet contemporain : normes éducatives et dispositifs néolibéraux." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100155.
Full textThe neoliberal project, as developed theoretically in the inter-war years, and as applied politically from the late 1970s, identified as one of the conditions for its success and perpetuation the production of an original subject, capable of constantly adapting to new competitive economic and social configurations. In this context, education, insofar as it allows early action on subjectivations, is a major issue. New educational standards, espousing the economic logic of neoliberal rationality, have imposed, since the 1980s, reforms to school systems as well as reconfigurations to parental experiences. The common objective of all education becomes to transform the young individual, assimilated to an (economic) potential to be developed, into a productive, flexible, efficient and creative subject. Taken over by the self-help practices of a "culture of positivity" in constant expansion since the 1980s, and by the technological knowledge of neuroscience, contemporary childhoods have been disrupted. This work aims to report on the emergence of these new educational standards, and the childhoods they help to qualify and produce
Lodeserto, Arianna. "L’image et l’archive. Archéologie du présent dans l’œuvre de Walter Benjamin et Michel Foucault." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040081.
Full textIn this dissertation I will plot out two heterogeneous paths used in conducting the search for an “archeological method” which would be able to place the present “in a critical position” and therefore question the modality in which history is written and its object constructed. My aim is to compare the conception of history exposed by Walter Benjamin in the Arcades Projects, in the theses On the Concept of History, and in other preparatory materials, with Michel Foucault’s archeo-genealogy, which I will explore making reference to Foucault’s shorter texts, interviews, and the Lectures at the Collège de France from the first phase of his carrier. While aware of the inevitable differences separating Benjamin’s and Foucault’s works, I suggest a possible convergence by limiting my comparison to some essential vectors of their conceptual frameworks, such as: the critique of the concept of origin, the role of discontinuity, the perspective of the “anonymous,” the fragmentation of history into singular images, and, eventually, the defense of the use of history as both fertile soil for philosophy as well as political strategy. History becomes the urgency of thought
Rojas, Maria Andrea. "Michel Foucault : la "parrêsia", une éthique de la vérité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856801.
Full textHong, Jing-Li. "Le jeu de Foucault : le problème épistémologique et éthique de la "fiction"." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30012/document.
Full textA book for Foucault has its value as an experience. Through a book, the author and his reader are transformed. As regards Foucault, each of his works would cause a typical transformation: we can observe these phenomena of transformation in his three works: the History of madness, Surveillance and punish, the History of sexuality. Nevertheless, the work of The order of things is not an experience as that of madness, prison or sex. It is rather about an exercise than an experience. Hence, the movement of thinking appears. We want to point out here in The order of things where a paradox exists. This paradox is about the existence of Foucault’s thinking. In this work, Foucault’s thinking appears in the juxtaposition between the picture and the archeology of human science. However, out of this book and its disposition, where can we recognize Foucault’s thinking? This difficulty brings us towards the "Introduction" of the History of sexuality II. The "modification" in "Introduction" is implicitly ambiguous. Firstly, if this modification marks precisely the character of Foucault’s thinking, it is like a foreseeable point in the sequence of his thinking, this modification couldn’t consequently be a real modification. Secondly, if this modification points out a break in his thinking, it is undoubtedly a typical modification of Foucault, but it would not be a true break. In other words, if I state that I am no more myself, how do we understand this subject who is speaking. Here, it is similar to the paradox in the sentence « I lie ». It is the same way what we can acknowledge in Velázquez’s picture where the painter stands. The difficulty of auto-reference drives us to question our philosopher. The development of this thesis is therefore based on this paradox of auto-reference by the following question: What is Foucault’s thinking? This question does not aim to identify Foucault’s thinking, but to situate our experience in it. And this is already a philosophical step in the method which Foucault drives himself. Since we ask this question, we are thrown into Foucault’s works; however, his thinking could exist only in the head of the reader. It is a permanent movement between Foucault’s works and the reader’s reading
Mauer, Manuel. "Le concept de vie dans les travaux de Michel Foucault." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874607.
Full textTang, Mingjie. "Cogito, sujet, subjectivité chez Foucault." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010543/document.
Full textThe foucauldian research on the question of the subject, the subject of knowledge and the subjectivity arise from his early studies of madness in the classical age, to the archeology of the human sciences in the classical period and modern, until his last research unfinished of the parrhesia from antiquity to Christianity. What Foucault discovered in the historical dispositions of the subject is not used to destroy the subjectivity, the will or the freedom individual, but to re-elaborate the traditional question of universal subject by placing it in the history of which the subject is not an alternative element of domination or obedience but a reciprocal element of operation. Thus the foucauldian problematizations of subject can be found in its relation to the truth as a veridiction relationship, in its relation to the power as a governmentality relationship (of self and of others), in its relation to oneself as a spiritual relationship. These three variables relationships for each period and for each individual establish a genealogy of the subject. In these multiple modalities of the subject, in this historical ontology of ourselves, we could find a kind of freedom, a place of the subject, the integrity of subjectivity which can only be applied individually and vigilant manner. That is to say, the only way by which we could get out of the subject's dilemma, by which we could refuse to be neither objective subject nor the subject object in the history or in the language, is to take its own individual relationships to the truth, to others and to oneself
Goloborodko, Denis. "Le pouvoir entre négativité et productivité : le thème de l'exclusion dans la pensée foucaldienne." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S082/document.
Full textThe issue of power is absolutely central in the work of Michel Foucault, and it has been widely studied. Nevertheless, it was necessary to further show the overall movement and intention of Foucault on this matter: less of a criticism to power than a rethinking of the nature of power that detaches it from any identifiable object. In this context, among the general outlines of Foucault's thinking of power, the description of power in terms of inclusion and exclusion seems to be the most promising from a philosophical perspective. These are the two functions of power, but despite of being terminologically conflicting, they do not oppose each other. Within what Foucault describes as the “relations of power”, these two functions act simultaneous, each hiding when the other shows. The analysis of the functions of power allows to understand the three forms of power of Foucault (sovereign power, disciplinary power, and biopower) and to identify – in the evolutions that lead from one to another – a ''productivity'' of power, in opposition to the idea of the “negativity” of power
Fontaine, Victor. "Réguler et conduire : de la critique de la prison à la pénalité néolibérale." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0029/document.
Full textThis research deals with the contemporary mutations of punishment, from the perspective of the Foucauldian hypothesis of an emerging neoliberal governmentality. Neoliberalism seems to be resting upon the decline of disciplinary power techniques, such as described in particular by Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish. Neoliberalism breaks with monopolistic authority, direct power on bodies, and the institutional detention of individuals. Yet, disciplinary power had, according to Foucault, a privileged link with the prison institution: the prison is the archetype of discipline. It is so to the extent that the calling into question of the disciplinary model of power by the emergence of neoliberal governmentality implies a deeper questioning of the penal system, through the constitution of the prison as a problem. If the prison institution has become problematic, if the penal system is reforming itself through the critique of prison, it is because it has become an obvious archaism, an obsolete art of governing human behaviors, in spite of the permanency and even the increase of the number of incarcerations. The prison thus constitutes a strategic object for the study of the transition between forms of government: neoliberalism can be analyzed through its specific activity both against prison walls and beyond them. It enlightens contemporary phenomena, from internal penal critiques to factual transformations of the general functions of punishment: penal regulation and post-custodial, open and outdoor punishments aiming at rehabilitation (reinsertion). Through the study of these penal mutations, a contemporary, specific apparatus of power can be comprehended
Huang, Hai Rong. "Du "piège" de la rhétorique à la critique de la critique : la pensée occidentale de la rhétorique de Friedrich Nietzsche à Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Paul de Man et Roland Barthes." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030091.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the contemporary Western critical approach to the problem of rhetoric pioneered by Nietzsche, in which rhetoric presents itself as a profound and radical questioning as well as a re-vision of the nature of language itself, and consequently of all aspects of social and cultural life. This study mainly addresses the rhetorical thinking of four critics — Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Paul de Man and Roland Barthes — who, in their common inheritance from and critique of Nietzsche’s own critical approach, have revealed a dual-nature of rhetoric which not only characterizes the mechanism of metaphysics, but also inevitably enmeshes all human thinking — including critical thinking — in a trap of deconstruction. This double-edged character of rhetoric sets a dual-task for critical thinking: an endless criticism [demystification] and self-criticism. Critical thinking thus turns out to be a “critique of criticism” as a reflection on the limit of critical thinking itself, that is, a critique — in the Kantian sense of the word — of the [im]possibility of rational thinking. Accordingly, this study focuses on two points: firstly, the dual-nature of rhetoric as expounded by each one of the critics from his specific intellectual perspective; secondly, the strategy for critical thinking proposed and employed by each of them
Su, Hsiao-Chun. "Cogito et raison : l’épreuve de la folie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100047/document.
Full textThis phD takes its beginning from the interpretations of Descartes’ Meditations on FirstPhilosophy. According to Madness and Civilization of Foucault, in the Western history,madness was excluded in order to legitimate the cogito and the reason, and mad peoplewere excluded by the social forces from the end of the 18th century on. A seriousdisagreement raised between two great French philosophers, Foucault and Derrida. On theother hand, the psychiatrists attack Foucault’s abstract theory and defend their practicalknowledge. How to think about the relationship between raison and madness? Kant, as aphilosopher of modernity, offers a solution to these problems, by his vision, not yetdisconnected from the views of the antique world, where philosophy and medicine shared acommon field. From the ancient wisdom to the contemporary, this phD aims at clarifyingthe complicated relationship between the cogito and the reason, confronted as they are tothe existence of madness
Shim, Se-Kwan. "Histoire, discours, littérature chez Michel Foucault." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100014.
Full textBocquet, Karine. "La notion de pratique chez Foucault." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982348.
Full textBilba, Corneliu. "La fin de la modernité et la critique de la représentation Michel Foucault." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30010.
Full textYu, Qizhi. "Epistémè chez M. Foucault ou : la mort de l'homme." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10025.
Full textOulc'hen, Hervé. "L'intelligibilité de la pratique : entre Foucault et Sartre." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995333.
Full textGripay, Emmanuel. "Folie en langage : une lecture de l'"Histoire de la folie" de M. Foucault dans l'écho de M. Blanchot." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30022/document.
Full textThis work is a reading of Michel Foucault’s History of Madness, which aims at casting a light on its global meaning while focusing on the movement of its writing, i.e. the motion that the language he invents creates itself. This movement cannot be fully understood without being put in relation to several of Maurice Blanchot’s writings. That « reading in echo » highlights a structure that has been transmitted from Blanchot to Foucault - the structure of ambiguity. Such a structure is explored through language itself, producing a paradoxical set of movements, that is the one of a certain madness of the language, or madness within the language. As regards the latter, Foucault’s own specificity lies in his way of writing history, entirely animated by the structure of ambiguity. 1. Reading of four Blanchot’s papers. For each one, I will endeavour to extricate the structure of ambiguity that lies within it. 2. Reading of the central text of The History of Madness, where Foucault points at the structure of the classical experience of madness - oscillating between blindness and dazzlement - which culminates with the text on Orestes’s madness. The « reading in echo » starts with Blanchot’s approach of the Grecian night and its ambiguities. 3. Mapping the horizon of The History of Madness. Addressing the existence of a contemporary language of unreason leads to Foucault to analyse what mad writers say and to what level. The « reading in echo » highlights in Foucault’s text a language of ambiguity centred on a silent sign. 4. Global reading of The History of Madness. Building on previous works by Barthes and Blanchot, we will focus on the process of history writing as built on a discrepancy between a “degree zero” of both language and history on the one hand, and the myths which surround it in the past and future on the other hand