Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Foucault's notion of power'
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Roume, Stéphane. "La notion de progrès à travers une distinction entre éthique et morale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0389.
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Toute économie ainsi que toute science a pour mission d’atteindre un certain progrès dans son domaine. Or si nous pouvons tous être d’accord sur ce point, nous ne partageons pas forcément la même définition du progrès. Pour élucider cette divergence de compréhension, nous avons pris le parti d’adhérer à une distinction entre éthique et morale : là où tout ordre moral consiste à ordonner les éléments d’un cadre déterminé pour une fin donnée, une posture éthique consiste à adopter et à adapter un principe faisant autorité pour découvrir un environnement alors inconnu. Nous avançons alors que le domaine de l’économie ainsi que toute idée de progrès ne peuvent être rattachés qu’à un ordre moral et non à une posture éthique. Pour illustrer ces propos, nous menons une réflexion sur la question de l’identité, notion certes vide et idéologique mais qui permet tout de même, couplée avec la distinction entre éthique et morale, de nous concentrer notamment sur les notions d’Etat, de personne ou encore de pouvoir. Ces réflexions nous éclairent sur certains fondements de l’économie et sur la philosophie utilitariste, philosophie avant tout liée au langage et de ce fait à la notion d’identité une fois encore ; utilitarisme et économie seraient en un sens déterministes, nous permettant d’accéder à un bonheur identifiable et vers lequel nous pourrions progresser. Ainsi nous avançons que le progrès ne peut qu’être conçu à partir d’un ordre moral et qu’il faille plutôt rechercher un certain équilibre pour que la dimension éthique puisse être elle aussi cultivée, au même titre que la catallaxie puisse être encouragée au côté de l’économieEvery economics or science has to reach some progress in its field. But, if we can agree on this point, we do not necessarily share the same definition of progress. To clarify this divergence of understanding, we have chosen to distinguish between ethics and morals: if a moral order permits to order elements in a determined frame for a specific goal, an ethical posture means to adopt and to adapt an authoritative principle for the discovery of an unknown environment. We advance that the economic field and the idea of progress can only be associated with a moral order and not with an ethical posture. To illustrate that, we conduct a reflection about identity, which is an empty and ideological notion but which allows us, along the distinction between ethics and morals, to focus especially on notions like State, person or power. These reflections can enlighten us about some foundations of economics and utilitarianism which is a philosophy deeply related to language and then with the notion of identity once again; utilitarianism and economics are in a certain way playing a defining role, allowing us to reach a well-being which we can identify and to which we can progress. Thereby, we are advancing that the progress can only be conceived from a moral order and that we should search a kind of equilibrium to let the ethical dimension be cultivated, as well as to encourage catallaxy outre economics
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Tang, Ching Hay. "Rereading Michel Foucault's genealogy of power through Johnnie To's film." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/818.
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Hendricks, Christina. "Prophets in exile : a diagnosis of Michel Foucault's political intellectual /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992813.
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Beer, Daniel John. "Form and power: a critical analysis of Michel Foucault's 'La Volonté de savoir'." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.731951.
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Bradford, Simon. "Power and competence in professional education : a study of youth workers." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5128.
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This thesis explores shifting ideas of youth work, and the changing notions of professional competence that have shaped it since its emergence at the end of the last century. It begins by discussing Foucault's distinctive conception of power. This analysis is applied later in the thesis to youth work itself and to its forms of professional education and training. It is argued that modem professional practices illustrate the changing nature of disciplinary techniques in modem societies. These techniques are employed to discipline both professions themselves (by 'normalising' professional practices), and their client groups, and are also part of the contemporary problem of 'government'. Indeed, it is argued that models of professional education reflect the historically changing rationales on which British society has been organised and managed. The thesis identifies three phases of this: 'emergent welfarism', social government' or 'welfarism' and 'neo-liberalism. Drawing on a range of historical sources, a number of changing assumptions about young people in the context of youth work are identified, such as their characterisation as an inherently and naturally problematic social category. The 'discourse of adolescence' which draws on a range of knowledges about young people (from scientific to moral) is seen as providing a powerful justification for the expansion of youth work over the last hundred years or so. The youth worker's modem role in managing groups, offering counselling and acting as a 'broker' of social and moral knowledge is discussed. The progressive development of the professional education and training of youth workers since the 1930s is examined together with its curriculum content and the techniques and practices through which youth workers have been socialised into their occupational roles. After the initial tendency towards leadership training through apprenticeship, the professional model became organised on 'technical-rational' principles, with various 'techniques of the self' by which youth workers became disciplined into their professional identities (for example by 'surveillance' and 'confession'). Focus is given to the paradigmatic development and deployment of such techniques at the National College for the Training of Youth Leaders in the 1960s. The thesis concludes with an analysis of the intense criticism to which professional education and training in youth work has been subjected in the last decade, including the separation of theory and practice, unclear curricula, academic and professional elitism, and the marginalisation of learners' experience. The 'discourse of competency' is identified as being important in shaping current approaches to professional education and training in youth work. Finally, it is suggested that the emergent model of professional education is, ironically, characterised by an increasingly intense and invasive application of the techniques of disciplinary power identified earlier in the thesis. Competency practices we suggest facilitate the attempt to govern, professionals ahd professional practice. The thesis is broadly structured in four parts, and in the following way: Chapter 1 provides a broad introduction and context for the thesis. In Part One, Chapter 2 discusses Foucault's concept of power which informs the thesis. In Part Two, Chapter 3 discusses the managerial and disciplinary functions of the human service professions, providing a context for the subsequent analysis of youth work. Chapter 4 goes on to identify models of professional education in their political and social contexts and concludes with a discussion of the 'competency model'. In Part Three, Chapters 5 and 6 explore the distinctive contribution which youth work has made to the regulation and disciplining of young people. In these chapters links are made between broad political objectives and the evolving knowledge and practices of youth workers. In Part Four, Chapter 7 identifies the earliest attempts to identify and enhance competence through the training and education of youth workers. Chapter 8 explores youth work training in the 1960s and 1970s, identifying the essentially humanistic discourse which subsequently dominated youth work and the training of youth workers. In the context of political shifts beginning in the 1970s, Chapter 9 analyses the emergence of a 'discourse of competency' in youth work, and its challenge to the prevailing humanistic orthodoxy which characterised the professional education and training of youth workers. Finally, Chapter 11 draws general and particular conclusions to the thesis.
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Koltermann, Tamara. "An application of Foucault's analytic of power/knowledge to the Okanagan Water Basin Study Public Involvement Program." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/MQ32365.pdf.
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Sanders, Christopher Sun. "The North Korean Security State: Examining the North Korean Population through Michel Foucault's Theories of Discipline and Punishment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46320.
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This thesis uses ideas found in Michel Foucault's Discipline and Punish and related works as a theoretic framework for examining daily life in North Korea to understand what type of disciplinary techniques North Korean citizens are subjected to by the North Korean state. This paper will define several disciplinary strategies discussed by Foucault and then show how these strategies are deployed against the North Korean population through multiple examples. Analysis will demonstrate that these disciplinary strategies prevent political instability and suppress ideas dangerous to the North Korean regime, even while the North Korean regime fails to provide basic services for its population. As a result, the reader will have a better understanding of why the North Korean people seem so disciplined and do not rebel against the North Korean regime in the face of state-made disasters and hardships.Master of Arts
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Brain, Lesley C. "Homans' notion of investments as an explanation of gender based power inequities." Thesis, Brain, Lesley C. (1997) Homans' notion of investments as an explanation of gender based power inequities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1997. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/42393/.
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Originally this work was to be an examination of power relationships between man and women. While examining Social Exchange Theory and the idea that power resides in the ability to control rewards, it appeared that being one sex or the other was in itself rewarding. It was realised that this matched Homans' (1961) ideas of investments.
Homans suggested that an individual's background characteristics such as age, gender, race, etc., which he termed investments, operate in such a way as to entitle the holder to a reward. Each individual has a number of investments, referred to in this work as an investment portfolio. Within the portfolio each investment has a socially ascribed value, which allows individuals to rank themselves in comparison to others. This in turn determines the expectation of reward.
In spite of the age of Exchange Theory and its familiarity to social scientists, practically nothing has been done to investigate investments as Homans used the term. This research is a start in the direction of examining a potentially useful and important concept.
Investments are held to affect exchange because of the expectations and ideas people have about their entitlements; examining this assumption forms the basis of this thesis. The first study looked at the interaction of two participants in a set of situations in which one yielded priority to the other; the second study looked at the situation Homans discussed most - help seeking. The third study examined the issue of the emotional reaction when expectations were not meet. Studies four and five looked at the impact of investments on actual behaviour.
Throughout the research, agreement on the operation of investments was very strong: clearly investments work. However, contrary to Homans' assumptions, it was equally clear that these investments operated differently - often having different values - in different situations. This presents both difficulties and opportunities for Social Exchange Theory in the analysis of power.
The final study looked at how an individual's investment portfolio modifies their behaviour when attempting to influence an authority figure. Results once again indicated consistency within, and differences across, situations and investments. It was particularly noticeable that the investment with most variability in its effects in all studies was gender; this has important ramifications for any discussion of power exchange between the sexes.
The evidence presented here, while preliminary, suggests that Homans' notion of investments may be a necessary concept for an adequate understanding of inequality, power and gender.
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Calcerrada, Gwenaëlle. "Le paradoxe du soft power : de Joseph Nye aux néoconservateurs : itinéraire d'une notion caméléon." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0154.
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Le soft power fait son apparition, dans le champ disciplinaire et politique américain, au cours d’un débat national sur le déclin de la puissance américaine, à la fin des années 1980. Dans la décennie 2000, il est devenu l’un des concepts les plus usités et les plus incompris des Relations Internationales. C’est par la démystification du concept de soft power que nous expliquerons la circulation de cette notion scientifique au sein des champs académique et politique américainsSoft power appears in the academic and political fields at the end of the 1980s, as a response to the national debate on american power’s decline. In the 2000 decade, it became one of the most used and the most misunderstood concepts of Internatioanl Relations. It is through demystification that we will explain the circulation of this scientific notion among the american academic and political fields
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Persson, Elin. "TURBINE - FUELED BY COLLECTIVE POWER : - Notion(s) of Home(s) in Collective Housing in Hjorthagen." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35694.
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Turbine - investigates Notion(s) of Home(s) from three perspectives; the individual, the collective and in relation to a neighbourhood. This is done through the eyes of a fictional collective called The Turbine, situated in Hjorthagen, Stockholm. The fictional collective is based on an NGO called Kombo, currently working for a collective house for all ages to be built within the Stockholm area.
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Lecaudé, Peggy. "La notion de puissance : les équivalents latins du grec dynamis." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040210.
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Le mot dynamis est un terme fondamental dans la pensée grecque, non seulement en philosophie, où il prend une importance singulière à partir d’Aristote, mais aussi en médecine, en sciences de la nature ou en mathématiques. La présente étude s’attache à mettre en évidence les équivalents de traduction que lui ont assignés les traducteurs et les auteurs latins, à l’époque classique et en latin tardif ou médiéval, selon une double approche. En premier lieu, il s’agit, dans une perspective onomasiologique d’identifier les modes d’apparition de dynamis et des mots de sa famille dans un choix de textes latins, des comédies de Plaute jusqu’aux traductions boéciennes de l’Organon d’Aristote : l’emprunt de signifiant, le néologisme formel, la transposition ou, le cas le plus fréquent, la traduction proprement dite. Puis, dans une approche sémasiologique, il s’agit de mesurer l’impact de la traduction du grec sur un ensemble lexical latin constitué des noms employés le plus fréquemment pour traduire dynamis, à savoir potestas « possibilité, pouvoir », potentia « puissance », uis « force, violence » et uirtus « valeur, qualité, vertu ». Les emplois de ces mots sont étudiés dans un corpus constitué de textes littéraires et de textes spécialisés dans les domaines de la connaissance susdits, où l’on cherche à savoir s’ils ont fait l’objet d’un calque sémantique à partir du grec dynamis. L’étude a ainsi pour but de reconstruire un moment de l’histoire de la notion grecque, celui de sa « conversion » en latin, moment déterminant pour son expression dans les langues modernes par fr. puissance, potentialité, vertu, virtualité, angl. potency, potentiality, virtue, virtuality, etcDynamis is a key word in the Greek thought, not only in philosophy, in which it has assumed a particular significance since Aristotle, but also in medicine, the natural sciences and mathematics. The present work aims to present the translation equivalents adopted by the Latin authors and translators in classical antiquity and in late or medieval Latin, according to a twofold approach. First, from an onomasiological perspective, we try to identify and analyse the different ways dynamis (as well as the words semantically connected to it) appears in a corpus of Latin texts, from Plautus’ comedies to Boethius’ translation of Aristotle’s Organon : as a loan word, a formal neologism, a transposition or, as in most cases, a translation. Second, from a semasiological perspective, we focus on the impact of the translation from Greek on a lexical group made of Latin words frequently used to translate dynamis, namely potestas (“possibility, power”), potentia (“potentiality, potency”), uis (“strength, violence”) and uirtus (“value, quality, virtue”). The uses of these words in a corpus of literary and scientific texts are examined, and the question is raised of how far they may be considered as semantic calques from the Greek term dynamis. The work thus aims to reconstruct a moment in the history of the Greek notion : that of its “conversion” into Latin, which was decisive for its expression in modern languages, in French as puissance, potentialité, vertu, virtualité, etc., in English as potency, potentiality, virtue, virtuality, etc
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Braun, Arthur. "Le pouvoir régulateur du régime politique : étude d’une notion de droit constitutionnel institutionnel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2019_0139_BRAUN.pdf.
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Héritage de la Révolution française, l’expression « pouvoir régulateur » désigne l’idée, récurrente en droit constitutionnel, d’une tierce instance spécifiquement chargée d’assurer le fonctionnement régulier des institutions politiques. D’abord confié à un organe ad hoc spécialement créé à cette fin, le pouvoir régulateur devient au XIXe siècle l’apanage d’un monarque constitutionnel idéalisé. Strictement cantonné dans la sphère institutionnelle et ainsi éloigné du gouvernement comme des querelles partisanes, le roi serait uniquement chargé de maintenir l’équilibre entre les pouvoirs actifs. Le « pouvoir neutre » esquissé par Benjamin Constant entre 1800 et 1815 représente assurément la traduction théorique la plus célèbre de cette doctrine.Dans le droit constitutionnel contemporain, la notion de pouvoir régulateur permet de qualifier une fonction juridique spécifique dont la finalité est le fonctionnement correct et sans à-coup du régime politique, compris comme un système complexe composé de divers organes en interaction. Si ce dernier exerce une fonction sociale significative, le gouvernement, la régulation poursuivie par le pouvoir régulateur doit au contraire être appréhendée comme une activité interne à un système institutionnel distinct de la société. De nombreuses constitutions contemporaines font le choix de confier une telle mission à une autorité spécifique, indépendante et du gouvernement, et des partis politiques : le régulateur. Dans les faits, deux instances, l’une politique et l’autre juridictionnelle, peuvent prétendre à ce rôle : le chef de l’État et la Cour constitutionnelle.Notre recherche a donc pour objet d’étudier et de systématiser ce rôle particulier parfois dévolu par le droit constitutionnel au chef de l’État ou à la Cour constitutionnelle. Dans les régimes démocratiques contemporains, le déséquilibre institutionnel en faveur de l’Exécutif apparaît souvent flagrant. En France, le présidentialisme majoritaire que nous connaissons sans interruptions depuis 2002 repose sur des bases pour le moins incertaines, tant et si bien qu’une crise institutionnelle de grande ampleur pourrait surgir à tout moment ; l’étude historique et comparée de la structure et du fonctionnement du pouvoir politique n’en devient que plus urgenteThe expression "regulatory power" is inherited from the French Revolution. As recurrent in constitutional law, it is a third body specifically responsible for ensuring the regular functioning of political institutions. First entrusted to an ad hoc body specially created for this purpose, regulatory power became the prerogative of an idealized constitutional monarch in the 19th century. Strictly confined to the institutional sphere and thus far from the government and partisan quarrels, the king would only be responsible for maintaining the active powers balance. The "neutral power" outlined by Benjamin Constant between 1800 and 1815 is undoubtedly the most famous theoretical translation of this doctrine.In contemporary constitutional law, the notion of regulatory power allows to qualify a specific legal function whose purpose is the correct and smooth functioning of the political system, understood as a complex system composed of various interacting bodies. If this system has a significant social function, which is the government, the regulation pursued by the regulatory power must be seen as an internal activity of an institutional system distinct from society. Many contemporary constitutions have chosen to entrust this mission to a specific authority: the regulator, which is independent of both the government and the political parties. In practice, two bodies, one political and the other jurisdictional, are entitled to this role: the Head of State and the Constitutional Court.The purpose of our research is therefore to study and systematize this particular role sometimes assigned by constitutional law to the Head of State or to the Constitutional Court. In contemporary democratic systems, the institutional imbalance in favor of the Executive often appears blatant. In France, the majority presidentialism that we have known without interruption since 2002 is based on uncertain foundations, to say the least, so much so that a major institutional crisis could arise at any time; the historical and comparative study of the structure and functioning of political power becomes all the more urgent
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Lecoeur, Chrystelle. "La notion d'intérêt de l'entreprise en droit du travail." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1059.
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L'intérêt de l’entreprise est une notion incontournable suscitant de vifs débats doctrinaux. Qu’est-ce que l’intérêt de l’entreprise ? Comment est-il appréhendé par les acteurs du droit ? Quel est son périmètre d’application ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles tente de répondre l’étude. Riche d’enseignements, l’approche doctrinale ne permet pas d’aboutir à un consensus. Pure création de la jurisprudence, la notion est employée afin de contrôler les décisions et les comportements des parties à la relation de travail. Bien que la référence à l’intérêt de l’entreprise soit explicite en ce qui concerne le fondement ou les conditions d’exercice du pouvoir patronal, elle permet aussi d’encadrer le comportement et les décisions prises par le salarié. L’ensemble des acteurs concourant au fonctionnement de l’entreprise doit ainsi agir dans le sens de cet intérêt. À cet égard, l’appréhension de la notion se veut plurielle et fonctionnelle. L’adhésion des salariés, ainsi que des représentants du personnel au projet entrepreneurial suppose leur participation à la prise de décision. Malgré les réformes successives, il faut reconnaître que la participation des salariés à la gestion de l’entreprise demeure très limitée. Cela devrait sans doute évoluer avec l’émergence du concept RSE qui, au-delà d’apparaître comme un nouveau mode de régulation des rapports de travail, tend à promouvoir une responsabilisation des acteurs. L’évolution des rapports sociaux, induit par l’internationalisation des échanges, nécessite des réajustements. L'objectif est alors de parvenir à maintenir un équilibre entre la protection des salariés et de leur emploi et la pérennisation des entreprisesThe company’s interest is an important concept sparking lively doctrinal debate. What is the company’s interest ? Plenty of lessons, doctrinal approach do not lead to a consensus of un unified definition. Pure creation from the case law, the concept is used to control the decisions and behavior of the parties concerning to the employment relationship. Though the reference to the interest of the company is explicit regarding to the foundation or the conditions of exercise of the employer’s power, it helps neverthelessly to regulate behavior and decisions made by the employee. All actors contributing to the operation of the company must act in consistency with the "company’s interest". In this regard, the apprehension of this concept goes to be plural and functional. Membership of employees, as well as staff representatives entrepreneurial project implemented in the interest of the business require their participation in decision making. Despite of the successive reforms in this direction, we must recognize that the participation of employees in the management of the company remains very limited. This should probably change with the emergence of the concept of social corporate responsibility which is a new way of regulating of labor relations, tending to promote stakeholder accountability through enhanced participation. The evolution of social relations, induced by the world trade globalization having an impact on the structure of the company, requires necessary adjustments in the labor law. The aim is to achieve a balance between the protection of employees and their jobs and the sustainability of the company’s development
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Ajjoub, Muhannad. "La notion de liberté contractuelle en droit administratif français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020016.
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Conclure sur le sujet de la liberté contractuelle en droit administratif français n’est pas chose aisée. Cela dépend, essentiellement, de la façon de poser la problématique. Ainsi, si la question est de savoir si les personnes publiques disposent, à l’instar des particuliers, d’une liberté contractuelle, la réponse, dans le meilleur des cas, est qu’il s’agit d’une liberté à caractère particulier. En effet, en pratique, cette liberté est très restreinte, ses manifestations sont marginales, ce qui empêche véritablement de parler de « liberté heureuse ». Mais si la question est de savoir si le droit administratif français, à partir de ses particularités, de son originalité ainsi que de ses règles normatives, permet de reconnaître une telle liberté en faveur des personnes publiques, alors la réponse est négative. L’intérêt général, les prérogatives de la puissance publique, la compétence, la souveraineté, l’efficacité de la commande publique, la bonne utilisation des deniers publics et les principes fondamentaux de la commande publique,etc., constituent des obstacles fondamentaux non seulement à la reconnaissance de la liberté contractuelle aux personnes publiques mais également à son exercice effectif par ces dernières. Ainsi, certains auteurs ont pu conclure au sujet de la liberté contractuelle des personnes publiques qu’« en théorie elle existe mais, dans la pratique, personne ne l'a jamais vraiment rencontrée"Concluding on the subject of freedom of contract in French administrative law is not easy. It depends essentially on how to raise the issue. So if the question is whether public persons have, as individuals, contractual freedom, the answer, in the best case is that this is a special character to freedom. Indeed, in practice, this freedom is very limited, its manifestations are marginal, which prevents us from truly speaking of a "happy freedom." But if the question is whether the French administrative law, from its peculiarities, its originality and its normative rules can recognize such freedom in favor of public entities, then the answer is negative. The public interest, the prerogatives of public power, competence, sovereignty, efficiency of public procurement, proper use of public money and the fundamental principles of public procurement, etc., are fundamental obstacles not only to the recognition of freedom of contract to public persons but also to the effective exercise by them. Some authors have concluded on the contractual freedom of public persons that "in theory it exists but in practice, nobody really ever met it"
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Atwood, Nan T. "Rembrandt van Rijn's Jewish Bride: Depicting Female Power in the Dutch Republic Through the Notion of Nation Building." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3236.
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Many art historians have debated the identity of the couple in Rembrandt's the Jewish Bride (1667). The painting is most often identified as an Old Testament theme. This is due to the seventeenth-century Dutch practice of using biblical "types" as ideal models for the structuring of the new republic founded on the Israelite ideology of nation building. Three of these biblical female types that have been separately associated with the female figure in the Jewish Bride are, Rebecca, Ruth, and Esther. As these biblical women represented different notions of power through their respective narratives, this thesis argues that Rembrandt deliberately left the identity of the female figure ambiguous so that all three types could be referenced by viewers. Consequently, these powerful female prototypes provided significant role models for the women of the Dutch Republic as they strived to carve out similarly strong positions for themselves in this new society.
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Evliyaoglu, Selçuk Abdullah. "La notion d'État unitaire en France et en Turquie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D076.
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Le contexte de la notion d’État unitaire est en pleine mutation. La République française en témoigne notamment depuis les réformes de la décentralisation de 1982. En effet, l’on constate une transition de l’État unitaire « typique » ou « classique » à l’État unitaire « atypique » ou « moderne ». Ainsi, une comparaison entre l’État unitaire français et la République turque qui est strictement fidèle à la structure étatique unitaire permet de démontrer cette transition. Par ailleurs, force est de constater que les structures unitaires de certains États se sont transformées en une autre forme distincte, et ce en raison du dépassement des limites de la mutation admissible de l’État unitaire puisque ces États consacrent une décentralisation « politique » ou « législative » en attribuant un pouvoir législatif à des entités infra-étatiques. L’unité du pouvoir législatif apparaît, sur ce point, comme une condition sine qua non et une limite infranchissable dans le cadre de la mutation de cette forme d’État. Néanmoins, la situation est un peu complexe pour l’État unitaire français face à la position exceptionnelle de certaines collectivités auxquelles l’on a attribué des compétences législatives. Cette situation nécessite d’admettre que l’unité de pouvoir législatif est une règle générale et essentielle dans les États unitaires et que l’existence de certaines dérogations ne porte pas atteinte à la structure étatique unitaire. Toutefois, si l’attribution du pouvoir législatif est une règle générale, il sera possible de parler de la transformation de l’État unitaire vers une autre forme d’ÉtatThe context of the notion of unitary state is changing. The French Republic testifies it since the reforms of the decentralization of 1982. Indeed, there is a transition from the unitary state "typical" or "classic" to the unitary state "atypical" or "modern". Thus, a comparison between the French unitary state and the Turkish Republic which is strictly faithful to the unitary state structure makes it possible to demonstrate this transition. On the other hand, there are some States whose unitary structures have been transformed into another distinct form because of the exceeding of the limits of the permissible mutation of the unitary State, since these States devote a "political" or "legislative" decentralization within their organizations by assigning a legislative power to their local entities. The unity of the legislative power appears, on this point, as a condition "sine qua non" and an impassable limit in terms of the mutation of this form of State. But, the situation is a bit complex for the French unitary state in view of the exceptional position of certain communities to which legislative powers are attributed. This situation makes it necessary to admit that the unity of the legislative power is a general and essential rule in unitary States and that the existence of certain derogations does not affect the unitary state structure. However, if the attribution of the legislative power is a general rule, it will be possible to speak of the transformation of the unitary state towards another form of state
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André, Paul. "La notion d'État dans la pensée politique chinoise et ses conséquences sur la scène internationale." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511284.
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La relance du processus de réformes en République populaire de chine en 1992 a conduit à une profonde évolution et redéfinition de l'Etat. Loin de chercher à satisfaire les exigences d'un modèle communiste, l'Etat chinois semble davantage être pensé dans une optique nationaliste, celle du fuguo bingqiang [???? : un Etat riche et une armée forte]. Les réformes sont donc pensées afin de réaliser cet objectif. Mais les réformes économiques impliquent aussi une dynamique propre qui conduit à une évolution du mode de gouvernance. Cet objectif du fuguo bingqiang cherche à relever le défi du développement. Mais, au-delà de la problématique interne, l'Etat est pensé comme un moyen de donner à la Chine la place qu'elle estime être la sienne sur la scène internationale, celle de grande puissance
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Conker, Ahmet. "An enhanced notion of power for inter-state and transnational hydropolitics : an analysis of Turkish-Syrian water relations and the Ilısu Dam conflict between the opponents and proponents of the Dam." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48763/.
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This study analyses Turkey’s relations with states and non-state actors on transboundary water issues by examining hydropolitics at the inter-state and transnational layers from 1923 to 2011. The cases investigated are Turkish – Syrian relations primarily over the Euphrates and Tigris basin, and relations between opponents and proponents over the construction of the Ilısu Dam, which is currently underway. Turkey is fully engaged in its ‘hydraulic mission’, very extensively and rapidly ‘developing’ water resources throughout its territory. Some of these flows cross international borders, specifically the very heavily contested Euphrates and Tigris basin. This large basin has attracted considerable academic attention, notably in regards to Turkey’s relations with downstream neighbours Syria, Iraq. Yet, the great bulk of the existing analysis falls prey to two broader weaknesses: a) it has narrowly applied the recently developed literature regarding the role of power in transboundary water politics, and b) it has also neglected or under-emphasised how non-state actors enrol in hydropolitical processes. Informed by deep investigation of the cases, the study develops and applies the distinct theoretical framework referred to as “An Enhanced Analytical Framework of Power in Hydropolitics”. The theoretical framework includes the conceptual frameworks that critically look at the role of power in transboundary water basins in terms of material and discursive power capabilities of actors. It also enhances the existing conceptual frameworks by demonstrating the following key elements of power: a) scalar dynamics (where actors are located and they interact with one another) and its linkage with power and b) the role of values and norms in terms of conflictual/cooperative hydropolitical relations and their linkage with power. Thus, the broader notion of power employed and elaborated upon here enables the analyst to understand how power influences the outcome of interactions, conflictual and cooperative relations between the actors in question. Constructivist approaches in the theories of international relations and its application to hydropolitics and other critical conceptual approaches to transboundary water politics have been used in making the analysis. The theoretical framework makes an original contribution to existing conceptual frameworks, as it widens understanding and role of power in hydropolitics. The application of the theoretical framework to Turkish-Syrian hydropolitical relations and relations between the III opponents and proponents over the construction of the Ilısu dam provides an empirical contribution to knowledge. The analysis shows how power dynamics as well as conflictual and cooperative relations dramatically change in different hydropolitical eras. By highlighting the influence the transnational anti-dam activist networks, the study shows the relevance of including non-state actors into the analysis. One of the several conclusions drawn is that such actors lack material power but are able to use discursive (ideational and bargaining) power very effectively to meet their interests.
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Signat, Carine. "Le pouvoir discrétionnaire du juge et l'inexécution du contrat : étude de droit comparé franco-allemande." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020050.
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La question de la mesure du pouvoir du juge s’impose lorsqu’on souhaite comparer l’étendue des pouvoirs du juge dans différents ordres juridiques donnés. Or force est de constater que les pouvoirs du juge sont appréhendés sous diverses notions dans les systèmes juridiques nationaux : il est fait tour à tour référence au pouvoir souverain d’appréciation du juge du fond, au pouvoir facultatif du juge, à son pouvoir modérateur, discrétionnaire, arbitraire. Toute la difficulté de la comparaison réside dans l’absence d’un instrument de mesure uniforme. A l’échelle supranationale, le terme anglais « Judicial discretion » constitue souvent le point de départ de discussions et d’analyses comparatives sur les pouvoirs du juge. Cette notion à forte coloration doctrinale sert de critère de mesure de l’ampleur des pouvoirs du juge dans les systèmes juridiques respectifs. On entend par pouvoir discrétionnaire le pouvoir donné au juge de choisir entre deux ou plusieurs décisions également conformes à la légalité. Le critère du libre choix est au cœur de la notion du pouvoir discrétionnaire du juge. Le pouvoir discrétionnaire constitue ainsi la forme la plus libre du pouvoir exercé par le juge. Bien qu’elle fasse office de dénominateur commun, la notion de pouvoir discrétionnaire est diversement entendue en droits français et allemand. Il en va ainsi en particulier à propos des notions-cadre et standards : ces derniers confèrent-ils au juge un pouvoir discrétionnaire ? Les réponses divergent d’un système à l’autre, ce qui a un impact sur l’image qu’on se fait des pouvoirs du juge. Une fois ces malentendus dissipés, reste à déterminer la part faite à ce pouvoir dans les suites de l’inexécution du contrat : exécution forcée en nature, délai d’exécution et révision, résolutionHow to measure a judge’s power? This question is necessary, when it comes to comparing the extent of the powers of a judge in various given jurisdictions. It has tobe noted, that the powers of a judge are gathered under diverse notions in national legal systems: successively, references are made to the sovereign judicial authority of the judge, the unfettered discretion of the lower courts, the authority to modify the legal situation, the discretionary power, the arbitrary power. The challenge in the comparison lies in the absence of a uniform measuring tool. On a supranational level,the English term“Judicial discretion”is very frequently the starting point for discussions and comparative analyses regarding the judge’s power. This notion serves as criteria to measure the extent of the judge’s powers in the respective legal systems. Discretionary power means the power given to the judge to choose between different decisions that are all conformable to law. The criterion of freedom of choice is in the center of the judge’s discretionary power. The discretionary power is the most powerful authority of the judge. It is common sense that the judge has a discretionarypower but the meaning of this term is differently interpretated by the national law,especially by the German and French law systems. This applies especially to the standards provisions or“open-textured”provisions : do they grant the judge a discretionary power? The answers vary from one system to the other, which has an impact on the image one has on the judge’s powers. Once these misunderstandings are dispelled, it remains to determine the proportion this power has in the consequences of the non-performance of contract: specific performance, delay inexecution, revision and termination
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(14030764), Patricia K. L. Goon. "Subjectivity and its discontents: Theories of subjectivity and contemporary cultural contexts." Thesis, 1999. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Subjectivity_and_its_discontents_Theories_of_subjectivity_and_contemporary_cultural_contexts/21433626.
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This thesis aims to examine the notion of subjectivity in terms of the theories posed by specific schools of thought, particularly with regard to the notion of resistance within the contexts of contemporary culture. It will be concerned primarily with the theories of Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, Donna Haraway, Pierre Bourdieu and Michel de Certeau, as well as the contributions made by Theodor Adorno and Walter Benjamin.
The thesis begins with a discussion of theories which consider subjectivity as a narrative of commoditisation that sets up the potential for both violence and resistance. These theories include Lacanian psychoanalysis, Foucault's notion of power as production and prohibition, Bourdieu's theory of habitus and Butler's notion of performativity, all of which highlight the central issues of commoditisation and contingency as subjectivity's inherent anxiety or 'discontents'. The notion of the cyborg, a primary symptom of this anxiety in postcolonial times, is central to the project's argument of a recursive subjectivising process which must necessarily involve violence, if it is to provide any possibility for emancipation. The thesis goes on to examine the processes of contemporary cultural commoditisation in relation to the hegemonies cultivated by technology and the culture industry, using specific texts from the popular culture genres of science-fiction film and manga.
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Lin, Lv-Hong, and 林綠紅. "On Foucault's Power ,Knowledge and the Body." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65026785172446397139.
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Wong, Kit Mui Day. "Power and critique : Foucault's challenge to Habermas." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145683.
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Lin, Yi-jung, and 林依蓉. "Knowledge and Power: A Comparison between Althusser's and Foucault's Theories of Knowledge." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36087038175951029554.
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碩士國立中興大學
外國語文學系
89
Althusser’s theory of knowledge differs from traditional epistemology in that he begins to see knowledge as production. This view on knowledge is inspired by Marxism’s concept of production. Althusser believes that theories such as Hegelianism and empiricism fail to consider knowledge as production due to a confusion of ideality with materiality. When thought is confused with the real in an essence-phenomenon relation, their specificity is often passed over. Moreover, when thought is mistaken as an unchangeable essence, its historicity is bracketed. By investigating knowledge in terms of production, Althusser means to incorporate the often left-out theoretical practice into the social ensemble and account for the complex determinations among social practices. Althusser thinks Marxism as a science because its concept of production is a scientific one that grasps the truth of social formation. This belief presupposes a distinction between science and ideology. If dialectical materialism is universalized for providing a general principle, so is the category of scientificity, because Marxism is generalized for being a science. In this case, a distinction between science and ideology in terms of universal validity contradicts and invalidates the concept of knowledge as production. Foucault advances beyond Althusser in seeing scientific knowledge as production because he problematizes the concept of ideology and attempts to explore how truth is distinguished from falsehood. For Foucault, knowledge is a form of power in that it produces truth and normalizes the subject with its truth claim. The power exercised through knowledge is no longer a negative one, which represses with violence. Rather, the positive power associated with knowledge is more effective because it is non-violent and thus more acceptable. Besides, the productive power penetrates every level of the social whole through the channel of discourse that extends to the everyday life of each individual. However, Foucault stresses the effectiveness of power in the form of knowledge to the extent that knowledge becomes the only form of power. Such a total identification is a serious reduction that plays down the negative aspect of power. In this case, Foucault’s proposal for resistance is exclusively a discursive one, whose influences are limited when it comes to transformation of the status quo. After all, discourse is only one level of the social formation.
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Bondy, Harry Joseph. "Outside the Wire: Foucault's Ethics and the Canadian Military." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F0A9-2.
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Lee, Hua-Chun, and 李華峻. "The Transit of Media Management Patterns in Nantou County ─ a Perspective of Foucault's “Knowledeg╱Power” Model." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27703643514125220759.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
95
The journalism of Taiwan, no matter before and after remove the martial law and remove the restriction on newspaper licensing opening, pose as national newspaper issued in the whole country, no matter how large the volume of capital is, organize scale, regard issuing in the whole country as goal too, so in the whole Taiwan all counties and cities in order to people work as and accredit a reporter in ground nearly all, and then obtain resources of local politics through such a way. This thesis use a perspective of Foucault's “Knowledeg╱Power” Model to find out the transit of media management patterns in Nantou County is this thesis research purport. This thesis before being newspaper ben with after regard as by different time of two pieces not ordering, grasp and let the news media in Nantou County manage the slight factor that the shape changes through “knowledge／power” way, it is and restriction on newspaper licensing with after development form it compare, and then to expand is clear to happen there aren't Nantou County the news medias.
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Chang, Ya-Han, and 張雅涵. "Foucault's Theory of Power and the Technology of the Self as Shown in Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25502198894110419922.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
英語學系
102
This thesis aims to interpret Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go in terms of Michel Foucault’s notions. Two particular aspects of Foucault’s theoretical conceptions would be examined: the power relation and the technology of the self. The first chapter consists of a general introduction of Kazuo Ishiguro, the reviews of Never Let Me Go and the research question. In Chapter Two, Foucault’s power theory of discipline and surveillance are expounded in detail. Chapter Three discusses how the power techniques are applied to form omnipresent and automatic power networks, which result in the clones’ docility. Chapter Four introduces Foucault’s theory of art of existence and the technology of the self. In addition, how clones utilize technology of friendship to make sense of their lives is explored in this chapter. The last section sums up the main ideas of the thesis and relate them to the existential question that Kazuo Ishiguro wants to explore in the novel. By placing the clones in the face of mandatory death, Ishiguro intends to invite the readers to reconsider the question that how we can make sense of our lives in the omnipresent power networks. By taking care of others and practicing ethical values, we can transcend the boundaries set by the power relations and access certain degree of freedom. Never Let Me Go certainly reveals Kazuo Ishiguro’s expectation of a world of virtues of equality.
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Chen, Yu-wen, and 陳郁雯. "Michel Foucault's Theory of Power as Expressed in Alice Walker's The Color Purple and The Third Life of Grange Copeland." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95020784348937932091.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
英語教育研究所
86
This thesis adopts Foucault's theory of power to discuss the miserablesituation of black women who are victims of both the white racism and black male sexism in Alice Walker's two novels--The Third Life of Grange Copeland and The Color Purple. According to Foucault, power is the production of society and is exercised through the use of body, sexuality, discipline and knowledge. Moreover, power is also closely related to the idea of domination. The white males, the power holders, exercise power over the dominated class--the black people. On the one hand, the black males are controlled by the whites and forced to be the dominated group. On the other hand, those black males exert their limited power at home and turn their wives and sons into the victims of sexism. Being controlled by both the white racism and black sexism black women have no power to fight against their men and society. What they can do is to accept and endure the mistreatments on them silently. As a black woman, Alice Walker clearly knows the pitiful situation of black women. Thus, she describes it in her novels. This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one is a review of previous critiques of The Third Life of Grange Copeland and The Color Purple, and provides the purpose of this thesis. Chapter two provides a detailed explanation of Foucauldian theories. Chapterthree makes use of Foucault's concepts of power- knowledge, the functions of body, dicipline, social norms and sexuality to shed light on Grange and Brownfield Copelands' situation under the domination of whtes and Margaret, Memand Josie's miserable and inhuman treatments under the white racism and black male sexism. Chapter four employs Foucauldian conceptions of power-body,power- knowledge and sexuality to detect the pitiful situations of several female characters under the oppressions of both the white racism and the blackmale sexism. Chapter five is a concluding chapter which assesses the suitability of Foucauldian theory as a method to examine Alice Walker's The Third Life of Grange Copeland and The Color Purple.
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Hu, Kai-Peng, and 胡鎧鵬. "Examine Japanese Manga and Anime from Nye's notion of "Soft Power"." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79019798103839594324.
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Huang-Chih-Hsiang and 黃致翔. "The Exploration of Social Work Professional Relationship in the Perspective of Foucault's Disciplinary Power: The Example of Army Ming-Te disciplining Center." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52669502782038486152.
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碩士政治作戰學校
軍事社會行為科學研究所
93
This research employed the disciplinary power of Foucault to explore the professional relationship in the social work of military organizations. The purpose of this study was to present the experiences of being counseled and treated in the Army Ming-Te Disciplining Center. The way of power exercise was examined when the professional relationship was built and developed between workers and clients. Further, prudent and proper interventions were suggested for workers confronted by such power relations. This study was a qualitative research, and mainly applied in-depth interviews to gather data. The research subjects included six disciplined students and one counseling officer in the Army Ming-Te Disciplining Center, and six counseling officers from the students’ original units. It was argued that disciplinary power is behind counseling tasks in military organizations. Two types of the professional relationship of military organizations were divided: counselor-oriented and mutual professional relationship. The former involved a process of “individualizing the client’s problem and collectivizing treatment”. However, the later involved a process of mutual trust building and the substantial transformation from disciplinary power. Finally, three conclusions were proposed: (1) Equal concern and respect would contribute the construction of professional friendship. (2) Power-sharing could re-shape the professional relationship in military organizations. (3) Discourse participation would help clients empower themselves. It was expected that the mental health (counseling) personnel in the national army could combine treatment projects with an attitude of sincere care and respect. Their understanding and initiative assistance in solving clients’ problems could further minimize the power gap between counselors and clients. Therefore, the value of social work and empowerment of clients could be realized.
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Angumuthoo, Maryanne. "An examination of the university as a disciplinary institution in terms of Michel Foucault's postmodernist concept of disciplinary power, with specific reference to the nature of power relations between students and faculty." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5174.
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Esdaille, Elroy Alister. "The Notion of Song, Identities, Discourses, and Power: Bridging Songs with Literary Texts to Enhance Students’ Interpretative Skills." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-39kn-9s34.
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Sometimes students struggle to interpret literary texts because some of these texts do not lend themselves to the deduction of the interpretative processes with which they are familiar, but the same is not true when students pull interpretations from songs. Is it possible that students’ familiarity with songs might enable them to connect a song with a book and aid interpretation that way? This study attempted to explore the possibility of bridging songs to literary texts in my Community College English classroom, to ascertain if or how the use of song can support or extend students’ interpretive strategies across different types of texts. I investigated how songs might work as a bridge to other texts, like novels, and, if the students use songs as texts, to what extent do the students develop and hone their interpretative skills? Because of this, how might including songs as texts in English writing or English Literature curriculum contribute to the enhancement of students’ writing? The students’ responses disclosed that the songs appealed to their cognition and memories and helped them to interpret and write about the novels they read. Moreover, the students’ responses revealed that pairing or matching songs with novels strengthened interpretation of the book in a plethora of ways, such as meta-message deduction, applying contexts, applying comparisons, and examining thematic correlations. When a novel is bridged or paired with a song, interpretation can also be derived by examining different perspectives, characterizations, personal connections, and life experiences. Exploring emotional connections as well as signs and symbolism can also enable interpretation. Another way to deduce interpretation, according to the students, is to locate a reoccurring issue or thread in a song and transfer the analysis from the song to the novel. However, although a few students might not use songs to interpret literary texts, they might still be able to recognize that the possibility exists to grasp meaning that way.
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(12691885), Shaikhul Md Islam. "Governmentality and corruption in Bangladesh: An analysis of strategic power." Thesis, 2003. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Governmentality_and_corruption_in_Bangladesh_An_analysis_of_strategic_power/19930274.
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Until now corruption studies have been dominated by structuralism and Marxism, which define corruption as the 'abuse of public power' for private gain. This form of analysis is primarily concerned with the causal factors, that is, how public officials abuse law and public power to achieve a private gain in the form of bribery or kickbacks. While an analysis of abuse of public power is crucial in understanding how corruption is produced, the conventional analysis of corruption overlooks two important points. First, it does not view power as a contested concept and that there is no single version of power. Second, production of corruption is seen as proportional to the abuse of public power or breaking of law. In contrast, this thesis argues that corruption could crop up through the legitimate means of power. This form of power, which is conceptualised as a strategic form of power in Foucauldian literature is implicated in governmentality. The term corruption is used here in a broader sense than the conventional studies. It refers to activities that grossly violate the public gain objective of the government.
Foucault's concept of governmentality, which provides the theoretical framework of this study, signifies governance that is the ways a government govern things. It involves a combination of various institutions, authorities, knowledge, and expertise to problematise and address a situation of governance by constructing policies, plans and laws. Drawing on Foucault's concept of strategic power that identifies power as productive, ascending, intentional and non -subjective in relation to governmentality, this study shows that it is possible for a government to provide protection, security, financial benefits to some privileged private citizens by ignoring the public gain objective of the government.
Accordingly two cases of governmentality with reference to two particular legislations in Bangladesh known as the Indemnity Ordinance/ Act of 1975/1979 and the Father of Nation's Family Members Security Act of 2001 provide the empirical and discursive evidence of corruption for this study. Two Foucauldian methodologies, archaeology and genealogy, are used while genealogical analysis plays the prominent role.An analysis of governmentality demonstrates how strategic power has been used to construct laws for governing purpose in Bangladesh at least twice over the last twenty six years (1975-2001) implicating private gains for some citizens. From the evidences of the above two laws, this thesis shows that laws as governmentality in Bangladesh can also be seen as possible breeding grounds of corruption.
The study concludes that although the Indemnity Ordinance/Act 1975/1979 and the Father of Nation's Family Members Security Act 2001 do not show any bribery or kickbacks type of private gain, they do exhibit a subtle form of corruption within the legal boundaries of societies. That is, these two laws were constructed to achieve private gain for some private citizens of Bangladesh by undermining the vision of the Constitution of Bangladesh, which underscores and guarantees equity and social justice for all citizens of Bangladesh.
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Kubica, František. "Vůle u Arthura Schopenhauera." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435115.
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This Ph.D. thesis aims to clarify the notion of will of Arthur Schopenhauer in a historical context. The understanding of will in Schopenhauer's predecessors - Descartes, Leibniz, Kant and Hegel - will also be covered. The paper will try to discover what impact their notion of will had on Schopenhauer's philosophy, which is the topic of the second, most important part of the thesis. It will present Schopenhauer's understanding of the world as will and idea. According to Schopenhauer, everything in the world is subordinate to causal laws, which the thesis also presents. There are even more topics to be covered - the partition of the world to subject and objects, which exist only for the subject, examples of manifestation of the will in nature and different branches of science, the impossibility of freedom and so on. Our attention will also be focused on what impact Schopenhauer's notion of will had on his aethetics and ethics. The last part deals with the voluntarism of Friedrich Nietzsche, who transforms Schopenhauer's pessimistic notion of a cruel will to life to an optimistic will to power. In relation to this, several topics will be covered - ressentiment as a consequence of the massive spread of slave morality, the cruitique of Christianity and Nietzsche's expectation of the overman's arrival.