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Tirkkonen, Sanna. "What Is Experience? Foucauldian Perspectives." Open Philosophy 2, no. 1 (October 16, 2019): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2019-0032.
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AbstractMichel Foucault’s (1926–1984) thought is widely used in the humanities and social sciences for investigating experiences of madness, illness, marginalization and social conflicts. However, the meaning of the word “experience” is not always clearly defined, and the French word expérience has a whole variety of meanings. In this article I explicate Foucault’s most relevant concepts of experience and their theoretical functions. He refers to experience throughout his career, especially in his early texts on existential psychiatry from the 1950s and 1960s and in his late work from the 1980s. Texts such as Mental Illness and Psychology and Dire vrai sur soi-même have received less attention than Foucault’s most famous books, but they show that references to experience form significant theoretical and thematic links between his earlier investigations of mental distress and his late work on ethics. When Foucault reorganizes his work in the 1980s, he looks back to his early work in his search for a new concept of experience. I argue that in these contexts, experience cannot be understood as an outcome of activity that organizes perceptions and leads to objective knowledge, but experiences are not defined as events produced by discourses, either. I demonstrate in this article how Foucault uses the concept of experience to structure his research on ethical subjectivity and cultural practices of care. At the same time the article questions some standard interpretations of his work.
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Kadhim Shimal, Kamal, and Mohsen Hanif. "FOUCAULDIAN INFLUENCE ON THE LITERARY MOVEMENTS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 6 (December 3, 2019): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7680.
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Purpose: This research paper is an attempt to investigate Foucault's concepts of power relations and knowledge and their impact on modern society. The study will explain Foucault's influence on the Historical movement and Cultural materialism. By Focusing on Foucauldian reading of Power and knowledge, Historical movement and Cultural materialism were able to conceive the historical events and their role to generate a mature society.
Methodology: Power relations and knowledge are prevalent concepts of Foucault vastly argued today. These two concepts have been examined by many critics from different views, but this paper tries to study power relations and knowledge from Foucault's view. These two concepts are closely related to Historical and Cultural materialism movements and they have a huge impact on them. In this context, data have been collected by using the library and documentary method.
Findings: Foucault's period exposed a lot of events. Foucault in a certain period his writings and researches were responses to Althusser's ideological ideas. Foucault's researches have a vast impact on other thinkers in which many types of theses researches in contemporary age deal with issues that Foucault involves in his works. He has dealt with social, political and economic issues. This study helps us to find solutions for many issues at present. Foucault has focused on the significance of the past and relate to the present. For him, without the past, we cannot understand the present. Therefore, the new historicists were admired and inspired by him because they have been focused on the importance of the past to create the present.
Implications: Foucault has criticized the dictatorship governments that tried to separate the past from the present. Individuals were oppressed and subjected to the dominant policies of the tyrant governments but Foucault as critic and theorist through his writings could relate the past to the present and how positively affect the society. He can affect and lead individuals to the safe side by resisting the tyrant apparatuses running by the governments.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study has explored the Foucauldian concepts of power and Knowledge and its influence on society. It will enable the reader to have ample knowledge of how Foucault was able to create an active society that can revolt against oppression and domination. This study will help grant the readers a wide variety of knowledge of such society and how they can demand their rights.
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Chittiphalangsri, Phrae. "The Author in Edward Said’s Orientalism: The Question of Agency." MANUSYA 12, no. 4 (2009): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01204001.
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Edward W. Said’s Orientalism has long been celebrated for its ground-breaking analysis of the encounters between Western Orientalists and the Orient as a form of ‘othering’ representation. The success, undeniably, owes much to the use of Foucauldian discourse as a core methodology in Said’s theorisation of Orientalism which allows Said to refer to the massive corpus of Orientalist writings as a form of Orientalist discourse and a representation of the East. However, the roles of Orientalist authors tend to be reduced to mere textual labels in a greater Orientalist discourse, in spite of the fact that Said attempts to give more attention to the Orientalists’ biographical backgrounds. In this article, I argue that there is a need to review the question of agency that comes with Foucauldian discourse. By probing Said’s methodology, I investigate the problems raised by concepts such as “strategic formation,” “strategic location,” and the writers’ imprint. Borrowing Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology, I critique Said’s notion of ‘author’ by applying the question of objectivity/subjectivity raised by Bourdieu’s concepts such as “habitus” and “strategy,” and assess the possibility of shifting the emphasis on “texts” suggested by the use of Foucauldian discourse, to “actions” which are the main unit of study in Bourdieu’s sociology.
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Rutar, Tibor. "Clarifying Power, Domination, and Exploitation: Between “Classical” and “Foucauldian” Concepts of Power." Revija za sociologiju 47, no. 2 (October 9, 2017): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5613/rzs.47.2.2.
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Dayle, Jutta B., and Lynn McIntyre. "Children's feeding programs in Atlantic Canada: some Foucauldian theoretical concepts in action." Social Science & Medicine 57, no. 2 (July 2003): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00360-x.
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Kumar, Anil. "Finding Concepts with Sexuality and Making Sense of Social Institutions in Foucauldian Perspective." Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5828.2021.00004.8.
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Ostrowicka, Helena. "Wyznania, Rousseau i dyskurs edukacyjny – zarys badań w perspektywie (post)foucaultowskiej." Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji 29, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0008.5659.
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The paper takes into consideration the Foucauldian concept of confession as an analytical category attractive for educational research. The article consists of three parts. Part one, based on Michel Foucault’s lectures at the Collége de France and “The History of Sexuality”, contains definitions of the key concepts: “the regime of truth” and “the regime of confession”. Part two provides an overview of selected studies in which the category of confession was used in the analyses of contemporary education. The last part refers to the Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s “Confessions” and presents selected aspects of research on educational discourse in the light of the concept of confession.
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Krips, Henry. "The Politics of the Gaze: Foucault, Lacan and Žižek." Culture Unbound 2, no. 1 (March 5, 2010): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.102691.
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Joan Copjec accuses orthodox film theory of misrepresenting the Lacanian gaze by assimilating it to Foucauldian panopticon (Copjec 1994: 18–19). Although Copjec is correct that orthodox film theory misrepresents the Lacanian gaze, she, in turn, misrepresents Foucault by choosing to focus exclusively upon those aspects of his work on the panopticon that have been taken up by orthodox film theory (Copjec 1994: 4). In so doing, I argue, Copjec misses key parallels between the Lacanian and Foucauldian concepts of the gaze. More than a narrow academic dispute about how to read Foucault and Lacan, this debate has wider political significance. In particular, using Slavoj Žižek’s work, I show that a correct account of the panoptic gaze leads us to rethink the question of how to oppose modern techniques of surveillance.
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Welch, Michael, and Melissa Macuare. "Penal tourism in Argentina: Bridging Foucauldian and neo-Durkheimian perspectives." Theoretical Criminology 15, no. 4 (November 2011): 401–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480610391354.
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In theoretical criminology, scholars continue to debate the significance of power-based perspectives in the face of semiotics and vice versa. Among the problems created by ‘taking sides’ is the missed opportunity that would allow for the synthesis of instrumentalist and culturalist work. Recognizing the merits of both perspectives, this project explores penal tourism in Argentina in ways that reveal key forms of state power alongside important cultural signs, symbols, and messages. In particular, our case study of the Argentine Penitentiary Museum in Buenos Aires delivers a thick description of its collection so as to bridge Foucault’s insights on systematic penal regimes with Durkheim’s socio-religious concepts: pollution; the sacred; the mythological; and the cult of the individual.
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Beheshti, Robab, and Mahdi Shafieyan. "Foucauldian Docile Body in Dennis Lehane’s Shutter Island." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0610.23.
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This article presents a Foucauldian reading of Dennis Lehane’s Shutter Island. Depicting modern medical facilities, the book demonstrates disciplinary system and power manipulation on psychotic patients who are confined to cellular spaces, and are subjugated under medical gaze. Despite the patients’ resistance to the power, they are ultimately expected to be dominated and normalized. The ideas presented in the novel are in line with Foucault’s notion of “docile body”, discussed in his Discipline and Punish, which are considered as the key concepts of the research and are explored within the designated novels. Power as a penetrating force transforms the individual into a docile being which refers to a submissive and dynamic body; surveillance acts as physics of power and holds a constant gaze on the individual in a way that he is subjugated by the invisible observing power; confinement along with cellular distribution turns the individual to an analytical body. This research aims to explore the docilizing elements and achieved level of normalization within the novel of the study; it tries to investigate the extent to which the gaze held on the patients performs a positive result as discussed by Foucault. The study inspects the response of the body to disciplinary techniques and reveals that in Lehane’s novel, the effect of power manipulation is displayed as possibly counter-productive and repressive in docilizing the body which is contradictory to Foucault’s positive view of power.
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Haslanger, Sally. "What Are We Talking About? The Semantics and Politics of Social Kinds." Hypatia 20, no. 4 (2005): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2005.tb00533.x.
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Theorists analyzing the concepts of race and gender disagree over whether the terms refer to natural kinds, social kinds, or nothing at all. The question arises: what do we mean by the terms? It is usually assumed that ordinary intuitions of native speakers are definitive. However, I argue that contemporary semantic externalism can usefully combine with insights from Foucauldian genealogy to challenge mainstream methods of analysis and lend credibility to social constructionist projects.
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Eisler, Lauren D. "An Application of Foucauldian Concepts to Youth in the Criminal Justice System: A Case Study." Critical Criminology 15, no. 1 (November 9, 2006): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-006-9019-8.
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Downham, Lauren, and Christopher Cushion. "Reflection in a High-Performance Sport Coach Education Program: A Foucauldian Analysis of Coach Developers." International Sport Coaching Journal 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2018-0093.
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Reflection is a contested but taken for granted concept, whose meaning shifts to accommodate the interpretation and interests of those using the term. Subsequently, there is limited understanding of the concept. The purpose of this article was to consider critically the discursive complexities of reflection and their articulation through coach developers’ practice. Data were collected from a National High-Performance coach education program. Coach developers responsible for one-to-one support (n = 8) and on-program support (n = 3) participated in the research. Semistructured interviews were conducted with coach developers, and participant observations were undertaken of a coach developer forum and program workshops (n = 9). Foucault’s concepts: power, discourse, and discipline were used to examine data with critical depth. Analysis explored “Discourse of Reflection,” “Discipline, Power, and Reflection,” and “Coach Developers: Confession, ‘Empowerment,’ and Reflection.” Humanistic ideas constructed a discourse of reflection that was mobilized through coach confession. Coach developer efforts to be “critical” and “learner centered” were embroiled with intrinsic and subtle relations of power as “empowering” intent exacerbated rather than ameliorated its exercise. This article makes visible a different destabilized and problematized version of reflection, thus introducing an awkwardness into the fabric of our experiences of reflection.
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Ostrowicka, Helena. "Archaeological, Alethurgical, and Dispositif Analysis: Discourse Studies on Higher Education in Poland from a Post-Foucauldian Perspective." Qualitative Sociology Review 17, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 110–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.17.1.8.
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At the present stage of the reception of Foucault’s ideas, various theoretical and methodological trends coexist, within which the concepts of Michel Foucault are used fruitfully in empirical research. One of them is discourse studies understood as an inter- and transdisciplinary research area. This article distinguishes and describes three post-Foucauldian strategies of discourse analysis, the combined use of which in one research project is a proposal to integrate concepts scattered in Foucault’s various works. The strategies distinguished (archaeological, alethurgical, and dispositif) are characterized by the different analytical categories, understanding of discourse, and its relations with knowledge and power. The article presents selected results of the complementary use of concepts such as knowledge formation, alethurgy, confession, or the dispositif in the empirical research on the reform of higher education in Poland.
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Holligan, Chris. "Discipline and Normalisation in the Nursery: The Foucauldian Gaze." Scottish Educational Review 31, no. 2 (March 18, 1999): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-03102005.
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In this paper we provide a Foucauldian critical analysis of empirical data derived from interviews with nursery teachers. The aim of the interviews was to illuminate teachers’ perceptions of the teaching and learning of values in the pre-school. Foucault’s social theory is regarded by commentators (Smart, 1995) as being subversively oriented towards knowledge and its utilisation by the professions. Our study draws upon some of his main concepts such as power-knowledge, surveillance, normalisation and govemmentality and employs them to help explicate the interpretation of our data. At first blush a Foucauldian perspective would appear to be particularly inappropriate as applied to nursery education given the latter’s association with ideals of individual freedom and self-expression, but it is suggested that greater govemmentality at an official level may be eroding the orthodox discourse of educational child-centredness (Bruce,1987), It is principally maintained that, in line with Foucault’s ideas, professional practice in nurseries may be understood as laying the foundations for the production of governable subjects. Three case studies constitute the field work underpinning this study, two of which were undertaken in working-class urban areas and the other in an affluent middle-class suburb. Finally it is acknowledged that the integrity of his perspective might itself be regarded as suspect, there being no obviously independent stance by which to privilege Foucault’s critique over the teachers’ own paradigms of socialisation. However, we claim that the importance of Foucault’s ideas resides in their challenge to complacency and professional insularity.
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Lazreg, Marnia. "Poststructuralist theory and women in the Middle East: going in circles?" Contemporary Arab Affairs 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2012.757884.
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This article examines the effects of the uncritical use of the poststructuralist Foucauldian theoretical approach on studies of Middle Eastern women and gender. Focusing on the twin concepts of ‘empowerment’ and ‘resistance’ as they have been applied to account for the re-veiling trend among Muslim countries and communities, it explores the epistemic transformation of the explanation of this trend into its justification. It further provides an example of a historicized application of Michel Foucault's conception of power.
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Kuklick, Clayton R., and Brian T. Gearity. "New Movement Practices: A Foucauldian Learning Community to Disrupt Technologies of Discipline." Sociology of Sport Journal 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2018-0158.
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Sociologists of sport and coaching have repeatedly drawn upon the theoretical tools of Michel Foucault to map and critique the negative effects of coaches’ use of disciplinary practices. Three SCCs and two coach developers participated in multiple learning community meetings interrogating Foucault’s concepts to understand how power moves, create new, less disciplinary practices, and address the problems produced by too much discipline. The findings present new conceptual tools to train and move differently by disrupting disciplinary practices:spasmodic tempo training,atemporal training,variable geographic training,variable intra-geographic training,fluid and fragmented periodization,explorative coaching, andstrength coach as sage. We call for an appreciation of poststructural informed sport coaching and the development of a discursive sociology of sport coaching praxis.
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Knight, Linda. "Dreaming of other spaces: What do we think about when we draw?" Psychology of Education Review 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsper.2009.33.1.10.
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Parents, carers and educators of young children show a deep interest in the drawings that children produce. In the past, this interest was often directed toward emergent representational schema that young children were seen to utilise to process ideas and understandings of their world. The attention paid to these specific drawings was particularly prompted by the influence and broad application of stage development theories (Kellog, 1967; Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1964; Piaget, 1975) on early childhood teaching and learning.More recently, connections between young children and learning have been enhanced, to implement more socially inclusive teaching and learning strategies (MacNaughton, 2005; Dahlberg & Moss, 2005) and recognise diversity and plurality in early childhood contexts. With this in mind, there is a subsequent need to reconsider the ways adults engage with children as they draw, to rethink how such drawings are ‘viewed’ and ‘read’.This article examines how the drawings produced by young children might be informed. It explores, through Deleuzian and Guattarian (1972/1983) concepts of dreaming and becoming, a transforming, bodiless engagement, and the Foucauldian (1986) concept of heterotopic space, how a child might search for and access referents during the drawing process. Applying such concepts facilitate expansion on the analysis of drawing that has been, historically, firmly situated within stage development theories. Deleuzian and Guattarian, and Foucauldian readings also assist in beginning to theorise on developing more socially inclusive experiences in early childhood contexts.The theories presented in this article inform an inter-generational collaborative approach to drawing (Knight, 2008) that opens up lines of communication between adult and child that challenge dominant beliefs and discourses of early childhood teaching and learning. Two specific accounts form fieldwork undertaken in a pre-school and a long day-care centre during 2008 serve to provide samples and discussion points.
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Fróes Couto, Felipe, and Alexandre De Pádua Carrieri. "The other side of compliance systems and codes of ethics: A Foucauldian perspective on rule-based ethics and corruption control." Innovar 30, no. 78 (October 1, 2020): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v30n78.90299.
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The purpose of this reflection paper is to provide a Foucauldian view of the influence of the neoliberal ethos on the rational choices of agents in organizations and how this impacts the tendency to make decisions about deviant behavior. We propose that practices of codes of ethics have less substantive effects and more symbolic effects. The control of corruption occurs in three dimensions: egoism, utilitarianism and opportunism. Codes of ethics and compliance systems, in this sense, possess only the capacity to partially meet each of these requirements, not being enough measure for business integrity assurance. We believe it is essential to distinguish the arguments presented in this paper from the dominant thinking on theories about ethics in organizations. Our interest is to give a politicized response to the discussions raised in the field. The originality of the article resides in the transposition of Foucauldian concepts for practices of control of conducts in the contemporary management. The inadequacy of the normative measures is worked out. Besides, alternative perspectives are proposed to the practices of management for ethical behavior in organizations.
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Winkel, Georg. "Foucault in the forests—A review of the use of ‘Foucauldian’ concepts in forest policy analysis." Forest Policy and Economics 16 (March 2012): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2010.11.009.
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Conio, Andrew. "Deleuze, Bacon and the Challenge of the Contemporary." Deleuze Studies 3, no. 2 (December 2009): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750224109000610.
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This paper tests the aesthetic theory presented in Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation against the Foucauldian Turn in art in the 1980s and Damien Hirst's early artworks, in order to ask if the concepts taken from the more general aesthetics to be found in A Thousand Plateaus and What is Philosophy? are better suited to an understanding of contemporary art, before returning to the question of whether there is something truly significant at work in this folie à deux between painter and philosopher.
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Krönig, Franz Kasper. "the politicization of the educable child through aethereal power." childhood & philosophy 18 (February 27, 2022): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2022.63214.
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The paper argues that a prevalent conception of power in the educational sciences is detrimental to pedagogy both as a field of practice and as a discipline and inept as a scientific concept from an epistemological standpoint. The designation of this power concept as ‘aethereal’ can provide the education theoretical discourses with a means to analyze and criticize positions and arguments that have undermined the autonomy of education since the establishment of Foucauldian thinking in the educational sciences. First, this article argues that the pedagogical notion of the educable child depends on the concepts of individuality, plasticity, and autonomy within the framework of a negative ontology. Second, it problematizes the effects of the substitution of these concepts in the postmodern power-critical educational sciences for pedagogy in general and the child as its key concept in particular. The politicized child is conceived of as subjugated, passive, vulnerable, and what is crucial: as a thing-like, i.e. pedagogically ineducable but only powerfully moldable identity. Third, it analyses the philosophical basis of this shift towards the politicization of the child by introducing the concept of ‘aethereal power’. The article concludes with a sociological reflection on the societal dimension of this fundamental transformation of education and hints at the emerging post-critical pedagogy as a possible remedy.
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Sylvia IV, J. J. "A Genealogical Analysis of Information and Technics." Information 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12030123.
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This paper explores how the concepts of information and technics have been leveraged differently by a variety of philosophical and epistemological frameworks over time. Using the Foucauldian methodology of genealogical historiography, it analyzes how the use of these concepts have impacted the way we understand the world and what we can know about that world. As these concepts are so ingrained in contemporary technologies of the information age, understanding how these concepts have changed over time can help make clearer how they continue to impact our processes of subjectivation. Analysis reveals that the predominant understanding of information and technics today is based on a cybernetic approach that conceptualizes information as a resource. However, this analysis also reveals that Michel Foucault’s conceptualization of technics resonates with that of the Sophists, offering an opportunity to rethink contemporary conceptualizations of information and technics in a way that connects to posthuman philosophic systems that afford new approaches to communication and media studies.
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Schaupp, Simon. "Digital Self-Evaluation and the Cybernetic Regime: A Sketch for a Materialist Apparatus Analysis." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 872–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v15i2.912.
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Using the example of self-tracking, this paper develops a materialist approach to the methodology of apparatus analysis. It builds on the Foucauldian concept of the apparatus, which it then subdivides into micro apparatus, as a concrete digital technology, and macro apparatus, as the superordinate regime to which the micro apparatus contributes. To bridge these two concepts, the term of the “urgent need” is used for asking to which broader social problems a given apparatus reacts. Contrary to approaches of “new materialism”, this paper insists on an analytical divide between discourse and matter on the one hand and action structure on the other hand, to be able to consider politico-economic power relations. Using this methodology, the relationship between the techno-practice of self-tracking and a broader cybernetic regime, is illustrated.
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Walshaw, Margaret. "Regulating Early Childhood Mathematical Provision: An Exploration Across the Sectors." LEARNing Landscapes 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v7i1.645.
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Effective mathematics provision is a central goal within Early Childhood Education. However, the choices that teachers make within Centers and new entrant classrooms are influenced by deeper understandings about the kinds of arrangements that allow young students to enhance their learning. This paper explores similarities and differences with respect to the practices and processes in Early Childhood Centers and in new entrant classrooms. Drawing on Foucauldian concepts, the analysis reports that practices and processes were at odds across the two sectors. The challenge is to offer young learners a more seamless mathematical experience.
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Hassan, Nik Rushdi, and Alexander Serenko. "Patterns of citations for the growth of knowledge: a Foucauldian perspective." Journal of Documentation 75, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 593–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-08-2018-0125.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to sensitize researchers to qualitative citation patterns that characterize original research, contribute toward the growth of knowledge and, ultimately, promote scientific progress. Design/methodology/approach This study describes how ideas are intertextually inserted into citing works to create new concepts and theories, thereby contributing to the growth of knowledge. By combining existing perspectives and dimensions of citations with Foucauldian theory, this study develops a typology of qualitative citation patterns for the growth of knowledge and uses examples from two classic works to illustrate how these citation patterns can be identified and applied. Findings A clearer understanding of the motivations behind citations becomes possible by focusing on the qualitative patterns of citations rather than on their quantitative features. The proposed typology includes the following patterns: original, conceptual, organic, juxtapositional, peripheral, persuasive, acknowledgment, perfunctory, inconsistent and plagiaristic. Originality/value In contrast to quantitative evaluations of the role and value of citations, this study focuses on the qualitative characteristics of citations, in the form of specific patterns of citations that engender original and novel research and those that may not. By integrating Foucauldian analysis of discourse with existing theories of citations, this study offers a more nuanced and refined typology of citations that can be used by researchers to gain a deeper semantic understanding of citations.
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Schwarz, Silke. "Resilience in psychology: A critical analysis of the concept." Theory & Psychology 28, no. 4 (June 29, 2018): 528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354318783584.
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Historically, psychiatry and clinical psychology focused on understanding how stressful life conditions led to psychiatric disorders. With the rise of positive psychology, the focus shifted to thriving through adversity and to concepts such as resilience. However, the number of mental disorders is still increasing. Due to a neoliberal Western decontextualizing stance in psychology, the concept of resilience is at risk of reproducing power imbalances and discrimination within our society. Resilience is analysed from a critical perspective, mostly with a Marxist point of view, including Foucauldian discursive approaches, as well as a biomedical critique of the current mental health system, to illustrate the shortcomings of Western psychologies. This article illustrates how a contextualized understanding of resilience that accounts for political, historical, and socioeconomic contexts at analytical levels besides the individual may overcome this ethnocentric and neoliberal bias.
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HOWELL, PHILIP. "Race, space and the regulation of prostitution in Colonial Hong Kong." Urban History 31, no. 2 (August 2004): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926804002123.
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The geography of the regulation of sex work in colonial Hong Kong is examined as a contribution to the historiography of the colonial city. Particular attention is paid to racial and sexual segregation and their relation to Foucauldian concepts of discipline and regulated sexuality. The introduction and revision of Venereal Disease Ordinances, and the landscape of regulated prostitution that resulted, are read as part of a mid-nineteenth-century crisis of government. Ultimately, the political and discursive construction of Chinese racial/cultural difference reveals the limits of ‘imperial governmentality’ as much as the ambition of colonial sexual discipline.
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Putranto, Teguh Dwi, Bagong Suyanto, Septi Ariadi, and Roberto Rudolf T. Santos. "The discourse of men's facial care products in Instagram from the Foucauldian perspective." Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies) 5, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v5i1.3159.
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Talking about body appearance, of course, cannot be separated from metrosexual men who tend to place great importance on appearance, from the way of dress to rituals in caring for their bodies. The men's body has been viewed and utilised as a commodity from the capitalist industry to rival the women's body. This study seeks to explore the discourse Erto's Men as one of facial care product for men built through posts on Instagram because Erto's Men is the face care product that appears the most in searches via #metrosexual on Instagram. The method used in this research is a critical discourse analysis on the @ertosmen Instagram post from June until August 2020. The results obtained in this study indicate that Erto's Men as a men facial skincare product builds a disciplining men's bodies by juxtaposing metrosexual representations through clean and bright skin, and with masculine representations through beard growth. So that through this representation, Erto's Men also helps build a health discourse for men through masculine concepts.
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Kenney, Lance. "First City, Anti-City: Cain, Heterotopia, and Study Abroad." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 20, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v20i1.286.
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A discussion of the city’s relation to study abroad provides an opportunity to insert a theoretical element into the pedagogy of the profession. This article presents an essay that first introduces the Foucauldian concepts of “genealogy” and “heterotopia” to the idea of the “city,” and in turn applies the same terms to the place of the city in the study abroad experience. Then, turning from Michel Foucault as “philosopher of space” to Paul Virilio, “philosopher of time,” the article demonstrates the interplay between Foucault’s heterotopia and Virilio’s “anti-city,” showing how study abroad in the contemporary, globalized city requires distinct programmatic changes to the (s)pace of education abroad.
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Mansour, Awad. "The Conflict over Jerusalem: A Settler-Colonial Perspective." Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies 17, no. 1 (May 2018): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2018.0176.
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In July 2017 — while preparing this article for publication — a two-week standoff occurred between Palestinian worshippers in Jerusalem and the Israeli government, which sought to impose new restrictions on Palestinian Muslim access to the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Thus, this article has two parts. The initial version, providing a settler-colonial reading of the conflict over Jerusalem utilising three concepts: the ‘frontier’, ‘othering’ in Orientalism, and a Foucauldian application of the creation of docile subjects through an intrusive surveillance structure. The second part, the epilogue, highlights the standoff and concludes that the Palestinian self-mobilisation in Jerusalem demonstrated an ability to break loose from the intense Israeli settler-colonial dynamics.
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Castrodale, Mark. "Review of Foucault, Power and Education by Ball." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 4, no. 3 (October 19, 2015): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v4i3.235.
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In Foucault, Power and Education, Ball engages in the practice of self to re-examine his own understandings and uses of Foucault. In discussing Foucauldian theory, analytic concepts, and related methods of inquiry, the author demonstrates their usefulness in launching critiques of educational processes, institutions, and policies. He considers how Foucault has shaped his thinking about the possibilities and limits of knowing. This book is a valuable resource for students, course instructors, and researchers in the fields of Disability Studies in Education (DSE), education policy, and Critical Disability Studies (CDS), among others. Ball asserts the need for critical, self-reflexive scholarship and suggests avenues of thought for undertaking this endeavour.
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Rail, Geneviève, and Jean Harvey. "Body at Work: Michel Foucault and the Sociology of Sport." Sociology of Sport Journal 12, no. 2 (June 1995): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.12.2.164.
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This paper is an introduction to the topic of Michel Foucault and the sociology of sport. First, we discuss the concepts used in the works of Foucault that have had the greatest impact in sociology of sport. Second, we present a brief review of the important articles in sociology of sport that have been inspired by Foucault’s approach. This exercise allows us to provide indices of the influence of the Foucauldian perspective on the sociology of sport: directly, by allowing us to situate the body at the center of research questions, or indirectly, in the context of the development and use of contemporary social theories.
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Scott, David. "Conversion and Demonism: Colonial Christian Discourse and Religion in Sri Lanka." Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, no. 2 (April 1992): 331–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500017710.
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Since the publication of Edward Said's Orientalism in 1978, it has been difficult for anthropology to avoid the fact that its own discourse is ever entangled in a whole Western archive. What became clear, of course, was that the categories through which anthropology constructs descriptions and analyses of the social discourses and practices of non-Western peoples are themselves participants in a network of relations of knowledge and power. Interestingly enough, however, whereas the general import of this Foucauldian thesis has now been quickly assimilated, its challenge has hardly been taken up in terms of tracing out the lines of formation of specific anthropological, or, let us say, anthropologized, concepts.
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Newman, Nadine, and Dunstan Newman. "Learning and knowledge: a dream or nightmare for employees." Learning Organization 22, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tlo-02-2013-0002.
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Purpose – The paper aims to focus on the issues relating to the concepts of knowledge management (KM) and the learning organization and discusses the relationship between these concepts and the issues of power and control. It looks at Coopey’s (1998) critical review of the “Foucauldian gloom” with regard to the learning organization and helps to assess whether the concept is a dream or a nightmare for the employees and the organizations as a whole. While both concepts have many positive attributes and have helped to transform many organizations, the issues of power, control, trust and empowerment have been overlooked and disregarded. This paper will attempt to answer some of these questions. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents an analysis of literature in the field of KM and learning organizations and its relationship with the concepts of power, control and trust. Findings – This paper shows that one of the main features of the management of organizational culture is to comprehend and effectively deal with the perceived connection involving knowledge, learning and power in organizations. It notes that while some writers are disproving of the learning perception in research on organizations, they also obscure issues of politics and power in organizations and do not focus on the more important question of whose interests are being provided. To spread democracy and liberation and create a democratic utopia in the learning organization requires more focus on the issue of power in the concepts of the learning organization and KM. Originality/value – This paper will bring together research which links learning, knowledge and power. It also builds on the literature in learning and KM and offers essential information to human resource practitioners.
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Denison, Jim. "What It Really Means To ‘Think Outside The Box’: Why Foucault Matters For Coach Development." International Sport Coaching Journal 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2018-0068.
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In this paper I discuss the relevance (and power) of teaching coaches how to question the ‘truth’ of their everyday coaching practices by beginning to ‘think with Foucault.’ My insights derive from my experiences teaching a graduate course called, “Coaching ‘Knowledges’: The Social Dimensions of Performance Sport”, that I designed in 2018 as part of the University of Alberta’s Masters of Coaching degree. More specifically, through my reflections on my past coaching, my present teaching, and the process of writing this paper, I consider how the act of problematizing, as informed by such Foucauldian concepts as docility, discipline, and power-knowledge, can serve to transform coach development and with that, of course, coaching and all that that entails.
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Doucet, Andrea. "Father Involvement, Care, and Breadwinning: Genealogies of Concepts and Revisioned Conceptual Narratives." Genealogy 4, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4010014.
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This paper addresses an enduring puzzle in fathering research: Why are care and breadwinning largely configured as binary oppositions rather than as relational and intra-acting concepts and practices, as is often the case in research on mothering? Guided by Margaret Somers’ historical sociology of concept formation, I conduct a Foucauldian-inspired genealogy of the concept of “father involvement” as a cultural and historical object embedded in specific histories, conceptual networks, and social and conceptual narratives. With the aim of un-thinking and re-thinking conceptual possibilities that might expand knowledges about fathering, care, and breadwinning, I look to researchers in other sites who have drawn attention to the relationalities of care and earning. Specifically, I explore two conceptual pathways: First the concept of “material indirect care”, from fatherhood research pioneer Joseph Pleck, which envisages breadwinning as connected to care, and, in some contexts, as a form of care; and second, the concept of “provisioning” from the work of feminist economists, which highlights broad, interwoven patterns of care work and paid work. I argue that an approach to concepts that connect or entangle caring and breadwinning recognizes that people are care providers, care receivers, financial providers, and financial receivers in varied and multiple ways across time. This move is underpinned by, and can shift, our understandings of human subjectivity as relational and intra-dependent, with inevitable periods of dependency and vulnerability across the life course. Such a view also acknowledges the critical role of resources, services, and policies for supporting and sustaining the provisioning and caring activities of all parents, including fathers. Finally, I note the theoretical and political risks of this conceptual exercise, and the need for caution when making an argument about fathers’ breadwinning and caregiving entanglements.
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Criss, Marika K. "Language, immigration, and identity." Journal of Language and Politics 19, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 270–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.19044.cri.
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Abstract Populism has been on the rise in Europe, especially in the last decade. Finland is no exception, and a populist party ‘The Finns Party’ has gained momentum since the 2011 parliamentary election. The purpose of this paper is to examine the discourses of the Finns Party in their official releases on immigration and language in the 2015 parliamentary election. The socio-politically situated examination draws from Foucauldian Discourse Analysis, especially the concepts of biopower, biopolitics, racism, governmentality and subject position. In addition, language identity, language ideologies, and populism are used to discuss how linguistic identity and ideology are perceived and constructed in the data, especially in terms of discourses of inclusion and exclusion of ethnically Finnish but linguistically non-dominant groups, and immigrants.
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HAMRE, BJØRN. "Disciplinary Power and the Role of the Subject at a Nineteenth-Century Danish Asylum." PhaenEx 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v5i2.3081.
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This article reports on the ways in which psychiatric practice and power were constituted in a Danish asylum at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The point of departure will be a complaint by a former patient questioning the practice at the asylum in 1829. In an analysis of this narrative the study draws upon Foucauldian concepts like disciplinary power, confession, pastoral power and subjectivation. I will argue that the critique of the patient provides us with an example of the way that disciplinary power works in the case of an informal indictment of the methods and practice at an asylum. A key issue is whether the critique is not itself a part of the self-legitimation of disciplinary power.
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Ettlinger, Nancy. "Algorithmic affordances for productive resistance." Big Data & Society 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 205395171877139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951718771399.
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Although overarching if not foundational conceptualizations of digital governance in the field of critical data studies aptly account for and explain subjection, calculated resistance is left conceptually unattended despite case studies that document instances of resistance. I ask at the outset why conceptualizations of digital governance are so bleak, and I argue that all are underscored implicitly by a Deleuzian theory of desire that overlooks agency, defined here in Foucauldian terms. I subsequently conceptualize digital governance as encompassing subjection as well as resistance, and I cast the two in relational perspective by making use of the concepts “affordance” and “assemblage” in conjunction with multiple subjectivities and Foucault's view of power as productive as well as his view of resistance as an “antagonism of strategies” in his late scholarship on resistance, ethics, and subjectivity. I offer examples of salient modes of what I call “productive” resistance (as opposed to resistance by way of avoidance, disruption or obfuscation), and from a Foucauldian perspective I explain how each mode targets and subverts technologies of repressive power to produce new elements of the digital environment and construct new truths. I conclude by recognizing the agency embodied in resistance as an end in itself, but I also consider that modes of productive resistance can have extrinsic value as they affect the fluid interaction among elements of the digital environment, potentially disrupting the presumed structure of dominance and dependence, and opening our conceptualization of algorithmic life to hopeful possibilities for change.
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Abdulzahra, Hasanain Riyadh, Zainor Izat Zainal, Mohamed Ewan Awang, and Hardev Kaur Jujar Singh. "Disciplinary Power, Surveillance, and the Docile Body in Mark Dunn’s Ella Minnow Pea." Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 29, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 2675–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.31.
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Power in contemporary society is a prominent feature in literary works, especially in postmodernist literary works. Mark Dunn is an American novelist who deals with the subject of power prominently in his works, especially his first novel Ella Minnow Pea (2001). While previous studies on Dunn’s Ella Minnow Pea focused on aspects of violence, sexuality, and psychological aspects of power, this study concentrates on disciplinary aspects of power, such as surveillance, which is used to subjugate subjects without the use of violence to transform them into productive, docile bodies. The study explores Ella Minnow Pea through Foucault’s concept of disciplinary power, surveillance, and docile body. In Foucault’s view, disciplinary power is used as a conversion method to force individuals into submission to authority characterised by conformity and obedience, or docility. The study examines power manipulation, disciplinary practices, and the effectiveness of surveillance as methods for converting people into productive docile bodies and how the novel achieved this result. In addition, it delves into the characters’ responses in the novel to these machinations, which ultimately reveal that the negative impacts of repressive disciplinary power contrast with the benefits anticipated by the authoritarian state. This study provides a valuable insight on the use of Foucauldian concepts in literary criticism as the concepts chosen for this analysis have not previously been applied to this text.
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Nielsen, Mathias Herup, and Niklas Andreas Andersen. "Når styringens ambitioner udfordres af praksis. Om at analysere rummet imellem styringens intentioner og situationel praksis." Dansk Sociologi 27, no. 1 (February 19, 2016): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v27i1.5127.
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Studier, der analyserer det sociale med inspiration fra Foucaults tanker om governmentality, kritiseres i stigende omfang for at afskære sig fra at analysere de praktiske relationer, som politisk styring konkret indlejres i. I artiklen tager vi afsæt i denne kritik og viser, med et studie af forholdet mellem et kommunalt jobcenter og et lokalt beskæftigelsesråd, hvordan governmental magtanalyse kan indfange styringens uforudsigelige, mangefacetterede og immanente karakter ved at fokusere på styringsintentionernes møde med den praktiske virkelighed, der søges styret. Formelt er rådet nedsat til at overvåge og kontrollere jobcentret, men i den praktiske relation er det snarere jobcentret, som overvåger og kontrollerer rådet. Artiklen viser, hvordan dette er muligt ved at analysere jobcentrets arbejde med rådet ved hjælp af en række centrale begreber fra Foucaults forfatterskab. Empirisk trækker studiet foruden formelle myndighedsdokumenter, der beskriver rådets tiltænkte rolle, på praksisinformerende empiri i form af kvalitative interviews og mødereferater over en fire-årig periode.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Mathias Herup Nielsen and Niklas Andreas Andersen: When Praxis Challenges the Ambitions of Governing. Analyzing the Space between the Intentions of Governing and Situational Praxis
Studies working with the Foucauldian concept of ”governmentality” are frequently criticized for their apparent disregard of empirical reality. This article takes this critique as its point of departure and demonstrates the application of the concept of governmentality in a concrete empirical case study in order to grasp the unpredictable and multifaceted nature of modern day power. The case investigated here is the relationship between a Danish Jobcentre and a so-called local employment council (LBR). The latter was created to ”control” and ”monitor” the former organization. However, in practice, it is rather the other way around – the Jobcentre is controlling and monitoring the members of the LBR. This article draws on a number of well-known Foucauldian concepts to show how this relation of power is practically structured. Empirically the article draws on documents from central authorities as well as on a number of qualitative interviews with the actors involved – hence, the article attempts to meet with the dominant overall critique of the governmentality perspective for disregarding empirical reality.
Keywords: governmentality, Michel Foucault, unemployment policy, jobcentre.
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Cavanagh, Connor J. "Political ecologies of biopower: diversity, debates, and new frontiers of inquiry." Journal of Political Ecology 25, no. 1 (September 16, 2018): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.23047.
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This article reviews recent literature on the political ecologies of conservation and environmental change mitigation, highlighting the biopolitical stakes of many writings in this field. Although a large and apparently growing number of political ecologists engage the concept of biopower directly – in its Foucauldian, Agambenian, and various other formulations – recent writings across the humanities and social sciences by scholars utilizing an explicitly biopolitical lens provide us with an array of concepts and research questions that may further enrich writings within political ecology. Seeking to extend dialogue between scholars of biopolitics, of political ecology, and of both, then, this article surveys both new and shifting contours of the various ways in which contemporary political ecologies increasingly compel us to bring the very lives of various human and nonhuman populations, as Foucault once put it, "into the realm of explicit calculations." In doing so, 'new frontiers' of biopolitical inquiry are examined related to: i) species, varieties, or 'multiple modes' of governmentality and biopower; ii) critical (ecosystem) infrastructure, risk, and 'reflexive' biopolitics; iii) environmental history, colonialism, and the genealogies of biopower, and iv) the proliferation of related neologisms, such as ontopower and geontopower.
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Delaune, Andrea. "‘Investing’ in early childhood education and care in Aotearoa New Zealand: Noddings’ ethics of care and the politics of care within the Social Investment approach to governance." Global Studies of Childhood 7, no. 4 (December 2017): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043610617747980.
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This article draws from Nel Noddings’ ethics of care as a basis for analysing the political effects of the burgeoning Social Investment approach to governance in Aotearoa New Zealand. To assess the effects of the Social Investment paradigm of governance in relation to early childhood care and education, this article commences with an historical analysis of the relationships between the concepts of ‘care’ and ‘education’ through the history of Aotearoa New Zealand in relation to early childhood education and care. Following this, the burgeoning Social Investment paradigm will be charted. Then, the major principles of Noddings’ ethics of care are outlined and utilised to scrutinise current and potential effects the Social Investment paradigm will have on early childhood education and care and the discourses of ‘care’ and ‘education’. Foucauldian theories augment Noddings’ theories to highlight the bio-politics of care.
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Henward, Allison Sterling. "Examining discursive formations in early childhood media research: A genealogical analysis." Global Studies of Childhood 8, no. 3 (September 2018): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043610618797512.
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The study of popular culture and children has a long and intimate relationship in many fields within the humanities and social sciences, yet in the applied field of Early Childhood Education and Care, the relationship is rather fraught. Employing a Foucauldian genealogical approach, I trace the ways in which intellectual traditions and discourses (i.e. history, politics, and sacrosanct values of European aesthetics and childhood innocence) have shaped contemporary understandings and debates in the field. With attention to Foucault’s concepts of power/knowledge couplet, and discursive archives, my focus in on how these axiomatic “myths” have assembled as “regimes of truth.” I thus argue for the need for the field of Early Childhood Education and Care to engage in and consider more contextualized, nuanced, and empirically oriented studies of young children and their engagement with consumer culture.
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Adamiak, Marzena. "Being otherwise: On the possibility of a non-dualistic approach in feminist phenomenology." Technoetic Arts 20, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00078_1.
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This article reflects on the current philosophical tendency to construct non-dualistic subjectivity models in response to the criticism of the traditional authoritarian human subject. Following thinkers such as Emmanuel Lévinas, Michel Foucault or Jacques Derrida, the literature has largely identified traditional metaphysics based on dualistic hierarchies as the major source of violence. Perceiving phenomenology as a method that focuses on the concepts of the lived experience and situatedness, I combine this approach with the feminist calls for dismantling the hierarchical relationship of subjectivity to the world. I draw on the concepts of Sonia Kruks, Linda Martin Alcoff, Sara Heinämaa, Judith Butler, Bonnie Mann and Johanna Oksala to inquire how dualism-overcoming phenomenology can be applied to feminist thought. I focus in particular on the approach that Oksala outlines in her book, Feminist Experiences: Foucauldian and Phenomenological Investigations, where she proposes a transcendental view on feminist experience. Intriguingly, she understands transcendental as situated ‐ historically, culturally and politically. Consequently, my final question concerns the possibility of combining the two usually conflicted approaches: transcendental and historical regarding the fundamental phenomenological distinction between the empirical and the transcendental.
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Simpson, Diane, and Sarah Amsler. "The carceral existence of social work academics: a Foucauldian analysis of social work education in English universities." Foucault Studies 1, no. 28 (September 27, 2020): 36–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/fs.v1i28.6073.
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Applying Foucault’s concepts of disciplinary power and technologies of the self to the ex-periences of social work academics in English universities, this articles reveals their carceral existences, arguing that social work academics and their students exist within a “carceral network” which controls and normalises behaviour by simultaneously trapping them with-in and excluding them from succeeding in academic practices. While social work academics become “docile bodies” as they are shaped and trained by competing norms of neoliberal higher education and professional social practice, their position as insiders and outsiders to both can also enable them to resist certain disciplinary expectations. The findings of the qualitative study discussed in this article support Foucault’s analysis of powerful institu-tions but problematise binary positions of docility or resistance to disciplinary power with-in them. Lived experiences of ‘becoming academic’ in English social work education reveal how normalising judgements and hierarchical observation intersect with neoliberal forms of responsibilisation to create a carcerality rooted in “incompetence”; how “technologies of relationships” are used to mediate individual forms of responsibilisation, and how having to negotiate multiple disciplinary regimes can create opportunities for resistance to each.
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Ryu, Yihyun. "Limiting Multiculturalism Discourse by Legislating Support for Multicultural Families in Korea." Asian International Studies Review 23, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-bja10013.
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Abstract Drawing on the Foucauldian theoretical concepts of governmentality and genealogy as a method for grasping the unconventional reality of multiculturalism discourse in South Korea, this paper aims to go beyond ahistorical accounts of multicultural policy. The article offers an analysis of policy discourses relating to multicultural families in South Korea, and it examines the strategies utilized by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family to maintain and expand its ministerial jurisdiction. Such analyses reveal how policy discourse has shifted away from Korean blood-based ethnicity and the “mixed-blood” category of people in favor of focusing on female marriage migrants and their families. Furthermore, the examination highlights how legislation that supports these families conceptualizes female migrants as apolitical, family-oriented, and maternal beings. This conceptualization is legitimized by the ministerial strategies adopted by “femocrats,” government officials affiliated with the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family.
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Varea, Valeria, Gustavo González-Calvo, and David Hortigüela Alcalá. "The influence of consumerism on Spanish physical education teachers." European Physical Education Review 25, no. 4 (July 18, 2018): 949–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x18789196.
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Consumer culture and neoliberalism have significantly influenced contemporary globalised, Western(ised) and highly visual societies. These influences have also infiltrated physical education settings, contributing to market-driven surveillance of physical education teachers’ physical appearance. This paper examines the reflections of a group of physical education teachers working at the primary and secondary levels in Spain concerning subjectivities of bodies and professional practices. It draws on semi-structured interview data and the Foucauldian concepts of Panopticon and surveillance to explore the ways in which the participants were influenced by the market and neoliberalism. The results of the study invite us to reflect on how images and messages from media may promote certain expectations for physical education teachers concerning physical appearance, dress and sports supplements consumption. The findings have implications for teacher education and the preparation of physical education teachers to resist dominant discourses promoted by the media.
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Nye, Robert A. "The History of Sexuality in Context: National Sexological Traditions." Science in Context 4, no. 2 (1991): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001022.
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The ArgumentI argue here that in its historical development, sexology developed differently in France than elsewhere in Europe. Though I concur that the modern notion of “sexuality” arose some time in the last half of the nineteenth century, the older notion of ”sex” persisted in French science and medicine for a far longer time than elsewhere because of a fear that nonreproductive sexual behavior would deepen the country's population crisis. I argue that the scientific and medical concepts of the sexual perversions, particularly homosexuality, were considered by French sexologists to be abnormal deviations from heterosexuality, whereas some English, German, and Austrian sexologists — including Freud — viewed the perversions more tolerantly as natural variations of the norm. I also address here the inadequacies of historical accounts of these developments that favor discursive ruptures in the Foucauldian manner, and stress the advantages of social history and causal historical explanation.