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Journal articles on the topic "Fottler"

1

Rushinek, Avi, and Sara F. Rushinek. "Fottler-Smith." Health Marketing Quarterly 6, no. 4 (October 23, 1989): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j026v06n04_04.

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Gheis, M. A. M. "20. Does Saskatchewan health policy encourage specialization?" Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i4.2780.

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This study targets the period between 2001 and 2006. Physician’s pay statistics relating to all fee for service practitioners in Saskatchewan were collected. Data related to a number of independent variables commonly used in the design of pay policies were also obtained. These variables include physicians’ places of training, availability of local graduates from each specialty program in Saskatchewan, physicians percentage turnover, changes of physician to population ratio in most specialties, average number of physician patient contacts in most specialties and income distribution skewness per specialty. Statistical analysis was carried out using STATA package version 9. Correlations between a number of variables was established. These correlations include Percentage turnover and change in pay per year between 2001 and 2006, Percentage of provincial graduates to total work force per specialty on one hand and change in pay between 2001 and 2006 on the other hand. Change in pay on one hand and change in volume of clinical activities carried out on the other. This paper revealed three relevant findings. Firstly Saskatchewan Health seems to have responded to the shortage of local graduates in certain specialties by allocating these specialties higher pay rise over the last five years. However this increase was associated with increased recruitment of foreign graduates. Secondly there was a consistent, mostly above inflation rate increase in pay for all specialists except clinical pathologists and diagnostic radiologists (two specialties with a relatively high local graduate retention rates). Thirdly, the overall increase in pay negatively correlated with the turnover rates in the case of family physicians, and did not adequately correlate with the changes in work load of the specialists. The writer argues that Saskatchewan Health has to adjust pay modification practices to respond more effectively to graduates recruitment and retention variables. Blaufuss J, Maynard J, Schollars G. Methods of evaluating turnover costs. Nursing Management 1992 (May); 23(5):52-4,56,58-9. Hyde JC, Fottler MD. Determinants of physician vacancy rates in rural hospitals. Journal of Rural Health 1994; 10(1):38-48, 1994. Saskatchewan Health: Annual Financial Report 2006 and Annual Statistical Report 2006.
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Bartram, Timothy. "Human Resource Management Applications: Cases, Exercises, Incidents and Skill Builders 6th Edition20071Stella M. Nkomo, Myron D. Fottler and R. Bruce McAfee. Human Resource Management Applications: Cases, Exercises, Incidents and Skill Builders 6th Edition. Mason, OH: Thomas South Western 2008. xii + 308 pp. $65.95 (AS) (softback)." Management Research News 30, no. 11 (October 10, 2007): 872–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170710832287.

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R., Murphy. "R. Fotter (ed): Pediatric uroradiology. Diagnostic imaging. (Medical Radiology Series)." Pediatric Radiology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-002-0790-8.

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Müller-Wondorf, Rolf. "Deutscher Materialfluss-Kongress 2021." Logistik für Unternehmen 35, no. 01-02 (2021): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0930-7834-2021-01-02-44.

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Die Corona-Krise hat erneut Auswirkungen auf den jährlich stattfindenden Deutschen Materialfluss-Kongress (MFK). Es soll aber nicht völlig auf eine Veranstaltung verzichtet werden. Deshalb wird der Lehrstuhl für Fördertechnik Materialfluss Logistik (fml) an der TU München gemeinsam mit dem VDI Bezirksverein München, Ober- und Niederbayern am 18. März einen Online-Kongress unter dem Motto „Die Automatisierung auf dem Vormarsch! Der Mensch auf dem Rückzug?“ veranstalten. Im Vorfeld sprachen wir mit Prof. Johannes Fottner, Leiter des fml, über die Ausrichtung der Veranstaltung. Das Gespräch führte Rolf Müller-Wondorf.
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Новаковская, И. В., and Е. Н. Патова. "Новые и редкие виды водорослей (Chlorophyta, Streptophyta) для почв северо-востока европейской части России." Вестник Института биологии Коми НЦ УрО РАН, no. 2 (204) (May 18, 2018): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31140/j.vestnikib.2018.2(204).2.

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В статье опубликованы сведения о новых видах эукариотных водорослей для почв северо-востока европейской части России – Interfilum paradoxum, Leptosira cf. polychloris, Tetracystis cf. pampae, Ulothrix implexa и редких – Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides, Fottea pyrenoidosa. Для каждого вида приведено морфологическое описание и представлены микрофотографии, подробно описаны места сбора, а также дана эколого-географическая характеристика таксонов.
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Hörmann, Marcus. "Pediatric Uroradiology, Edited by R. Fotter, Springer, Berlin, 2001, ISBN 3-540-66511-0, US$ 199.00." European Journal of Radiology 43, no. 3 (September 2002): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0720-048x(01)00463-6.

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Pilling, D. "Paediatric Uroradiology. Ed. by R Fotter, pp. x+434, 2001 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York), £147.00 ISBN 3-540-66511-0." British Journal of Radiology 75, no. 892 (April 2002): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.75.892.750396a.

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Leipold, Robert, Matthias Boese, and Leonhard Fottner. "The Influence of Technical Surface Roughness Caused by Precision Forging on the Flow Around a Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade." Journal of Turbomachinery 122, no. 3 (February 1, 1999): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1302286.

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A highly loaded compressor cascade, which features a chord length ten times larger than in real turbomachinery, is used to perform an investigation of the influence of technical surface roughness. The surface structure of a precision forged blade was engraved in two 0.3-mm-thick sheets of copper with the above-mentioned enlarging factor (Leipold and Fottner, 1996). To avoid additional effects due to thickening of the blade contour, the sheets of copper are applied as inlays to the pressure and suction side. At the high-speed cascade wind tunnel, the profile pressure distribution and the total pressure distribution at the exit measurement plane were measured for the rough and the smooth blade for a variation of inlet flow angle and inlet Reynolds number. For some interesting flow conditions, the boundary layer development was investigated with laser-two-focus anemometry and one-dimensional hot-wire anemometry. At low Reynolds numbers and small inlet angles, a separation bubble is only slightly reduced due to surface roughness. The positive effect of a reduced separation bubble is overcompensated by a negative influence of surface roughness on the turbulent boundary layer downstream of the separation bubble. At high Reynolds numbers, the flow over the rough blade shows a turbulent separation leading to high total pressure loss coefficients. The laser-two-focus measurements indicate a velocity deficit close to the trailing edge, even at flow conditions where positive effects due to a reduction of the suction side separation have been expected. The turbulence intensity is reduced close downstream of the separation bubble but increased further downstream due to surface roughness. Thus the rear part of the blade but not the front part reacts sensitively on surface roughness. [S0889-504X(00)01302-7]
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Raabová, Lenka, Josef Elster, and Ľubomír Kováčik. "Phototrophic microflora colonizing substrates of man-made origin in Billefjorden Region, Central Svalbard." Czech Polar Reports 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2016-1-3.

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Substrates created by human have a significant impact on Arctic terrestrial environment. These substrates are new potential niche for microbial biota, which may have several essential chemical agents supporting microbial growth. Wood, concrete, brick, ceramic and other different building materials, which have been introduced by human in this iso-lated environment, are colonized with terrestrial and aero-terrestrial microorganisms living in the natural niches near the substrates like soil, rocks, etc., but these materials newly-introduced to Svalbard terrestrial ecosystems can also work as vectors for invasion of new species into the environment. We have collected different types of artificial substrates mainly in the region of Petuniabukta bay and studied the species composition of microbial phototrophs living there. A total of 25 taxa of cyanobacteria and algae were documented on different types of substrates like brick walls, concrete, glass, iron, wood and plastic. A commonality in species diversity was observed with similar substrates in temperate climatic regions. Fottea stichococcoides, Sphaerococcomyxa olivacea, Polysphaera composita and Diplosphaera chodatii were first time recorded from Svalbard Archipelago.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fottler"

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Lieb, Christian [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Fottner, Thorsten [Gutachter] Schmidt, Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner, and Willibald [Gutachter] Günthner. "Dynamische Steuerungsstrategien für innerbetriebliche Routenzugsysteme / Christian Lieb ; Gutachter: Thorsten Schmidt, Johannes Fottner, Willibald Günthner ; Betreuer: Johannes Fottner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236343093/34.

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Eicher, Corinna [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Fottner, Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner, and Uwe [Gutachter] Dombrowski. "Steuerung zur flexiblen Konfiguration der Inbound-Logistik in der Automobilindustrie / Corinna Eicher ; Gutachter: Johannes Fottner, Uwe Dombrowski ; Betreuer: Johannes Fottner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211725170/34.

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Lienert, Thomas [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Fottner, Willibald A. [Gutachter] Günthner, Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner, and Jochen [Gutachter] Kreutzfeldt. "Methodik zur simulationsbasierten Durchsatzanalyse FTF-basierter Kommissioniersysteme / Thomas Lienert ; Gutachter: Willibald A. Günthner, Johannes Fottner, Jochen Kreutzfeldt ; Betreuer: Johannes Fottner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238781624/34.

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Teschemacher, Ulrich Stephan [Verfasser], Gunther [Akademischer Betreuer] Reinhart, Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner, and Gunther [Gutachter] Reinhart. "Dynamische Routenzugoptimierung bei kurzfristigen Materialabrufen / Ulrich Stephan Teschemacher ; Gutachter: Johannes Fottner, Gunther Reinhart ; Betreuer: Gunther Reinhart." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191369544/34.

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Bansemir, Sabrina [Verfasser], Karsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Stahl, Karsten [Gutachter] Stahl, and Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner. "Bewertung von Berechnungstiefe und Aussagegüte bei der Stirnradgetriebeberechnung / Sabrina Bansemir ; Gutachter: Karsten Stahl, Johannes Fottner ; Betreuer: Karsten Stahl." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220322350/34.

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Merkel, Lukas Andreas [Verfasser], Gunther [Akademischer Betreuer] Reinhart, Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner, and Gunther [Gutachter] Reinhart. "Einführung kognitiver Assistenzsysteme in der manuellen Montage / Lukas Andreas Merkel ; Gutachter: Johannes Fottner, Gunther Reinhart ; Betreuer: Gunther Reinhart." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123837395X/34.

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Teubner, Severin [Verfasser], Gunther [Akademischer Betreuer] Reinhart, Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner, and Gunther [Gutachter] Reinhart. "Dynamisches und individuelles Werkerinformationssystem für die manuelle Serienmontage / Severin Teubner ; Gutachter: Johannes Fottner, Gunther Reinhart ; Betreuer: Gunther Reinhart." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241246858/34.

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Jung, Matthias [Verfasser], Willibald A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Günthner, Willibald A. [Gutachter] Günthner, Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner, and Michael [Gutachter] Freitag. "Entwicklung und Evaluierung einer kamerabasierten Lokalisierungsmethode für Flurförderzeuge / Matthias Jung ; Gutachter: Willibald A. Günthner, Johannes Fottner, Michael Freitag ; Betreuer: Willibald A. Günthner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162621176/34.

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Latka, Jennifer [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Bengler, Klaus [Gutachter] Bengler, and Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner. "Nutzerzentrierte Entwicklung von Ein- und Ausstiegskonzepten im Nutzfahrzeugbereich unter der Betrachtung von Bewegungsstrategien / Jennifer Latka ; Gutachter: Klaus Bengler, Johannes Fottner ; Betreuer: Klaus Bengler." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215837704/34.

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Wilberg, Julian Malte Maximilian [Verfasser], Udo [Akademischer Betreuer] Lindemann, Udo [Gutachter] Lindemann, Albert [Gutachter] Albers, and Johannes [Gutachter] Fottner. "From data to value: facilitating strategy development for connected products / Julian Malte Maximilian Wilberg ; Gutachter: Udo Lindemann, Albert Albers, Johannes Fottner ; Betreuer: Udo Lindemann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211086976/34.

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Books on the topic "Fottler"

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L'uomo che riuscì a fottere un'intera nazione. Milano: Il saggiatore, 2012.

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Donau, Germany) Städtische Galerie im Rathausfletz (Neuburg an der. Vom zarten Strich zum dicken Ende: [Satiren und Karikaturen aus der "Sammlung Ludwig Fotter"]. Hannover: Wilhelm-Busch-Museum, 2000.

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Blissett, Luther. Mind invaders: Come fottere i media : manuale di guerriglia e sabotaggio culturale. 3rd ed. Roma: Castelvecchi, 1996.

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Jag Har Mina Rotter Dar Jag Har Mina Fotter. Wahlstrom & Widstrand, 1997.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fottler"

1

Ardey, Sabine, Stefan Wolff, and Leonhard Fottner. "Turbulence Structures of Leading Edge Film Cooling Jets." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0255.

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For a better understanding of the turbulence structures attached to film cooling jets, mean flow velocities and turbulent fluctuations were measured by means of 3D hot wire anemometry in the injection zone of a linear, large scale, high pressure turbine cascade with leading edge film cooling. Near the stagnation point, the blades are equipped with one row of film cooling holes each on the suction and pressure side. Two basically different coolant jet situations are compared: On the suction side the jet features the ordinary kidney vortex. On the pressure side, the jet separates completely from the blade surface since it is located above a large recirculation zone created by a locally adverse pressure gradient and a flow separation near the pressure side injection. The measured Reynolds stresses were analyzed with regard to turbulence production and diffusion. The Bousinesque Hypothesis was tested and could not be confirmed. It was found that the turbulence is highly anisotropic. In addition to the brief description of the experimental set up and the acquired data, given in this paper, the complete information are published as a test case (Ardey and Fottner, 1998) that is directly accessible via internet at: http://www.unibw-muenchen.de/campus/LRT12/welcome.html
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Peters, Thomas, and Leonhard Fottner. "Effects of Co- and Counter-Rotating Inlet Distortions on a 5-Stage HP-Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30395.

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The HP-compressor of a twin-spool aero-engine experiences a rotating inlet distortion if a rotating stall in the upstream LP-compressor occurs. This may lead to HP-compressor instability like rotating stall or surge and has even more serious effects on the performance and behavior of the engine than rotating stall in the LP-compressor alone. Studies on compressor flow instabilities are carried out at the 5-stage HP-compressor Rig212, developed in the TurboUnion RB199 jet engine programme. In order to investigate rotating inlet distortions, the axial compressor test facility is equipped with a distortion generator rotating at high speeds in the compressor inlet duct. A disk with a sectorial total pressure loss screen simulates an upstream rotating stall. It produces a rotating inlet distortion with up to 65% of the compressor’s design speed in co- or counter-rotation direction. This paper extends the presentation of first results by Peters et al. [1] and covers both, co- and counter-rotating inlet distortions and their influence on the compressor surge margin. Hot-wire sensor data are analysed to investigate the stall inception process and the response of the compressor flow field to the excitation by the rotating inlet distortion. The experimental detection of aerodynamic eigenfrequencies of the compressor is compared with numerical results from a compressor model developed by Hu and Fottner [2].
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Cardamone, Pasquale, Peter Stadtmu¨ller, and Leonhard Fottner. "Numerical Investigation of the Wake-Boundary Layer Interaction on a Highly Loaded LP Turbine Cascade Blade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30367.

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The effects of wake passing on the development of the profile boundary layer of a highly loaded low-pressure turbine cascade are studied using the RANS code TRACE-U. The numerical results are compared with available experimental data to verify the accuracy of the code in predicting the periodic-unsteady transition and separation mechanisms at low Reynolds number conditions. The experimental investigations have been carried out on a turbine cascade called T106D-EIZ subjected to wakes generated by an up-stream moving bar-type generator. The cascade pitch was increased by about 30% with respect to design conditions without modifying the blade geometry in order to obtain a large separation bubble on the suction surface. The extensive database containing time-averaged as well as time-resolved results was presented in a separate paper by Stadtmu¨ller and Fottner (2001) and is discussed only briefly. The time-accurate multistage Navier-Stokes solver TRACE-U developed by the DLR Cologne used for the numerical simulations employs a modified version of the one-equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model coupled with a transition correlation based on the work of Abu-Ghannam and Shaw in the formulation of Drela. The objective of this paper is to provide further insight into the aerodynamics of the wake-induced transition process and to rate the application limits of the numerical approach for exit Reynolds numbers as low as 60.000. The CFD predictions for two different flow conditions are compared with the measurements. Plots of wall-shear stress, blade loading, shape factor and loss behaviour are used to verify the reliability of the code. The periodic-unsteady development of the boundary layer as well as the loss behaviour is well reproduced for higher Reynolds numbers. For the case with massive separation, large discrepancies between numerical and experimental results are observed.
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Leipold, Robert, Matthias Boese, and Leonhard Fottner. "The Influence of Technical Surface Roughness on the Flow Around a Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-366.

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A highly loaded compressor cascade which features a chord length that is ten times larger than in real turbomachinary is used to perform an investigation of the influence of technical surface roughness. The surface structure of a precision forged blade was engraved in two 0.3mm thick sheets of copper with the above mentioned enlarging factor (Leipold and Fottner, 1998). To avoid additional effects due to thickening of the blade contour the sheets of copper are applied as inlay’s to the pressure and suction side. At the high speed cascade wind tunnel the profile pressure distribution and the total pressure distribution at the exit measurement plane were measured for the rough and the smooth blade for a variation of inlet flow angle and inlet Reynolds number. For some interesting flow conditions the boundary layer development was investigated with the laser-two-focus anemometry and the one-dimensional hot-wire anemometry. At low Reynolds numbers and small inlet angles a separation bubble is only slightly reduced due to surface roughness. The positive effect of a reduced separation bubble is overcompensated by a negative influence of surface roughness on the turbulent boundary layer downstream of the separation bubble. At high Reynolds numbers the flow over the rough blade shows a turbulent separation leading to high total pressure loss coefficients. The laser-two-focus measurements indicate a velocity deficit close to the trailing edge even at flow conditions where positive effects due to a reduction of the suction side separation have been expected. The turbulence intensity is reduced close downstream of the separation bubble but increased further downstream due to surface roughness. Thus not the front part but the rear part of the blade reacts sensitively on surface roughness.
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5

Marconcini, Michele, Roberto Pacciani, Andrea Arnone, Vittorio Michelassi, Richard Pichler, Yaomin Zhao, and Richard Sandberg. "LES and RANS Analysis of the End-Wall Flow in a Linear LPT Cascade With Variable Inlet Conditions: Part II — Loss Generation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76450.

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In low-pressure-turbines (LPT) at design point around 60–70% of losses are generated in the blade boundary layers far from end-walls, while the remaining 30%–40% is controlled by the interaction of the blade profile with the end-wall boundary layer. Increasing attention is devoted to these flow regions in industrial design processes. Experimental techniques have shed light on the mechanism that controls the growth of the secondary vortices, and scale-resolving CFD have provided a detailed insight into the vorticity generation. Along these lines, this paper discusses the end-wall flow characteristics of the T106 profile with parallel end-walls at realistic LPT conditions, as described in the experimental setup of Duden and Fottner (1997) “Influence of Taper, Reynolds Number and Mach Number on the Secondary Flow Field of a Highly Loaded Turbine Cascade”, P. I. Mech. Eng. A-J. Pow., 211 (4), pp.309–320. The simulations target first the same inlet conditions as documented in the experiments, and determines the impact of the incoming boundary layer thickness by running additional cases with modified incoming boundary layers. Calculations are carried out by both RANS, due to its continuing role as the design verification workhorse, and highly-resolved LES. Part II of the paper focuses on the loss generation associated with the secondary end-wall vortices. Entropy generation and the consequent stagnation pressure losses are analyzed following the aerodynamic investigation carried out in the companion paper. The ability of classical turbulence models generally used in RANS to discern the loss contributions of the different vortical structures is discussed in detail and the attainable degree of accuracy is scrutinized with the help of LES and the available test data. The purpose is to identify the flow features that require further modelling efforts in order to improve RANS/URANS approaches and make them able to support the design of the next generation of LPTs.
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Hildebrandt, Thomas, Wolfgang Ganzert, and Leonhard Fottner. "Systematic Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Aerothermodynamics of a Film Cooled Turbine Cascade With Variation of the Cooling Hole Shape: Part II — Numerical Approach." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0298.

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An extensive numerical study was accomplished in order to accompany an experimental research program. The present work is focussed on the influence of the shape and the inclination of film cooling holes on the aerodynamic of the turbine cooling flow. Four different cooling hole geometries located on the suction side of a large scale turbine cascade were modelled and numerically simulated over the entire range of practically applicable blowing ratios. The thermodynamic conditions chosen, were in order to simulate comparable engine conditions. Having computer limitations in mind, former simulations had to cope with either of two limitations. Meshing the entire domain led to an insufficient grid resolution in the vicinity of the ejection area, omitting valuable detailed flow information. In contrast, the so-called local approach (Vogel, 1996) overcame this problem by isolating an area close to the ejection zone, hence leading to a proper numerical resolution. A major drawback of this method is the required assumption for a limiting streamsurface, which often led to an inaccurate pressure distribution on the blade surface. Therefore, a new numerical technique in applying a 3D Navier-Stokes code on cooling flow problems — the global approach — was used, overcoming the restrictions of the above mentioned approaches. In the frame of these numerical investigations the commercially available CFD-package FINE™/Turbo by NUMECA was used. The CFD-package incorporates a modern flow solver and the capability to perform multi-species computations, which was utilised herein. A second species (tracer gas) with the properties of air, was introduced, ejecting from the cooling plenum, hence strongly facilitating the visual detection of the emerging and dispersing cooling flow. The numerical resolution reached well over one million grid points. The distributions of the tracer concentration and the oil and dye visualisations clearly reveal a strong dependency between the cooling hole shape and the efficiency of the film cooling. A considerable increase in the latter could be achieved, if non-cylindrical cooling hole geometries were used. The CFD simulations are in a very good agreement with the measurements (Ganzert, Hildebrandt and Fottner, 2000), clearly uncoveringvery detailed flow phenomena, which could also be detected in the experimental results. It was found out that the shape and the inclination angle of the cooling holes are of paramount importance to the distributing pattern of the cooling air and hence to the cooling efficiency.
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