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Academic literature on the topic 'Fossil species'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fossil species"

1

DOWELD, ALEXANDER B. "Styrax carranzae, a new name for extant Styrax lanceolatus P.W. Fritsch non Engelhardt (Styracaceae)." Phytotaxa 460, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.3.7.

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In revising fossil records of the genus Styrax Linnaeus (1753: 444) for the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI, 2014 onwards) with the aim of listing all fossil plant species (Doweld 2015, 2016a), it became apparent that a few fossil-species are later illegitimate homonyms of the extant species of Styrax, and their nomenclature was recently resolved by proposing new replacement names for them (Doweld 2016b). However, an additional case of the homonymy of an extant species by a preoccupied name in fossils remained unsettled.

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Puttick, Mark N. "Partially incorrect fossil data augment analyses of discrete trait evolution in living species." Biology Letters 12, no. 8 (August 2016): 20160392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0392.

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Ancestral state reconstruction of discrete character traits is often vital when attempting to understand the origins and homology of traits in living species. The addition of fossils has been shown to alter our understanding of trait evolution in extant taxa, but researchers may avoid using fossils alongside extant species if only few are known, or if the designation of the trait of interest is uncertain. Here, I investigate the impacts of fossils and incorrectly coded fossils in the ancestral state reconstruction of discrete morphological characters under a likelihood model. Under simulated phylogenies and data, likelihood-based models are generally accurate when estimating ancestral node values. Analyses with combined fossil and extant data always outperform analyses with extant species alone, even when around one quarter of the fossil information is incorrect. These results are especially pronounced when model assumptions are violated, such as when there is a trend away from the root value. Fossil data are of particular importance when attempting to estimate the root node character state. Attempts should be made to include fossils in analysis of discrete traits under likelihood, even if there is uncertainty in the fossil trait data.

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Donoghue, Philip C. J., and Ziheng Yang. "The evolution of methods for establishing evolutionary timescales." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (July 19, 2016): 20160020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0020.

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The fossil record is well known to be incomplete. Read literally, it provides a distorted view of the history of species divergence and extinction, because different species have different propensities to fossilize, the amount of rock fluctuates over geological timescales, as does the nature of the environments that it preserves. Even so, patterns in the fossil evidence allow us to assess the incompleteness of the fossil record. While the molecular clock can be used to extend the time estimates from fossil species to lineages not represented in the fossil record, fossils are the only source of information concerning absolute (geological) times in molecular dating analysis. We review different ways of incorporating fossil evidence in modern clock dating analyses, including node-calibrations where lineage divergence times are constrained using probability densities and tip-calibrations where fossil species at the tips of the tree are assigned dates from dated rock strata. While node-calibrations are often constructed by a crude assessment of the fossil evidence and thus involves arbitrariness, tip-calibrations may be too sensitive to the prior on divergence times or the branching process and influenced unduly affected by well-known problems of morphological character evolution, such as environmental influence on morphological phenotypes, correlation among traits, and convergent evolution in disparate species. We discuss the utility of time information from fossils in phylogeny estimation and the search for ancestors in the fossil record. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Dating species divergences using rocks and clocks’.

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NICOLI, LAURA. "The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs." Zootaxa 4658, no. 1 (August 21, 2019): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.2.

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Ceratophrys is the most diverse and widely distributed genus of Ceratophryidae, the clade of South American horned frogs. Numerous anuran fossil remains, including several fossil species, have been assigned to this genus. However, this seemingly extensive fossil record is problematic because several of the fossils are not properly identified and most of the taxonomic assignations are not justified. The present study traces all the fossil material attributed to Ceratophrys, clarifying, when possible, institutional allocations. Each of the remains was examined and its taxonomic assignation revisited, based on the morphology and possible synapomorphies of the genus, including its living species. Numerous fossils were properly identified and assigned with certainty to Ceratophrys. Only one fossil species, Ceratophrys ameghinorum, is considered valid. This information, along with recently reported evidence of fossil Ceratophrys, is briefly summarized to serve as a practical reference for the entire known fossil record of the genus. The fossil record is not especially informative about the evolution or distribution pattern of Ceratophrys, because most of the remains are relatively young (post-Miocene), collected within the present distribution of the genus, and morphologically consistent with that of the extant species. However, some useful information has emerged. The presence of Ceratophrys is well documented since the Neogene in the Pampean Region of South America. The single valid fossil species, Ceratophrys ameghinorum, possesses a unique combination of characters that reflects a mixture of characters observed in different clades of the genus; thus, resolution of its phylogentic position will inform our understanding of the evolution of the genus. The paleoenvironmental significance of some Ceratophrys fossils is also discussed, addressing the wide, but incompletely known current distribution and environmental tolerance of the genus.

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Martinetto, Edoardo, Cesare Ravazzi, Guido Roghi, Giorgio Teruzzi, Raymond Van der Ham, and Roberto Zorzin. "Neotypification of the name Juglandites bergomensis, basionym of the fossil-species Juglans bergomensis (Juglans sect. Cardiocaryon, Juglandaceae)." Phytotaxa 234, no. 3 (November 18, 2015): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.3.9.

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Juglans bergomensis is the name of a fossil-species belonging to Juglans sect. Cardiocaryon that is based on the basionym Juglandites bergomensis, whose type material, represented by a single fruit, is missing. However, the type locality can be indicated with certainty in the Early Pleistocene brown coal bearing sediments of Leffe, in northern Italy, which yielded several other fossil fruits with characters corresponding to the missing holotype. In the same site fruits of Juglandaceae of different fossil-species occurred. We select a specimen from a collection stored in Padua, with dimensions and sculpture most closely approaching those of the missing holotype, as neotype for the name Juglandites bergomensis, in order to fix the application of the name Juglans bergomensis. Even if the nuts of this species show “seemingly quite minor” differences from those of J. cinerea (smaller seeds, more shallow seed lobes, and generally more elongate shape), it is not convenient to use for these fossils, occurring in Eurasia, the name of the extant North American species. The use of the fossil-species name J. bergomensis, taking priority over J. tephrodes, permits to establish a clear relationship among several hundreds of Eurasian fossils assignable to sect. Cardiocaryon, and to highlight the morphological distinction from a few other fossil-species.

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SOHN, JAE-CHEON, CONRAD LABANDEIRA, DONALD DAVIS, and CHARLES MITTER. "An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world." Zootaxa 3286, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3286.1.1.

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In this catalog, we attempt to assemble all fossil records of Lepidoptera described formally or informally in the worldliterature. A total of 667 records dealing with at least 4,568 specimens have been compiled. They include descriptions of131 fossil genera and 229 fossil species, as well as 72 extant genera and 21 extant species to which some of these fossilssupposedly belong or show superficial similarity. Replacement names of two fossil genera are proposed to avoidhomonymy: Baltopsyche Sohn, gen. nov. for Palaeopsyche Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009 and Netoxena Sohn, gen. nov. forXena Martins-Neto, 1999. New generic combinations are proposed for: Tortrix? destructus Cockerell, 1916, Tortrixflorissantanus Cockerell, 1907, and Tortrix sp. sensu Gravenhorst (1835), all three to Tortricites Kozlov, 1988;Pterophorus oligocenicus Bigot, Nel and Nel, 1986, to Merrifieldia Tutt, 1905; Aporia sp. sensu Branscheid (1969) toPierites Heer, 1849; Noctua spp. sensu Hope (1836) and Lomnicki (1894), both to Noctuites Heer, 1849. Eleven namesimproperly proposed for lepidopteran fossils are invalidated: Baltonides roeselliformis Skalski in Kosmowska-Ceranowicz and Popiolek, 1981; Baltodines Kupryjanowicz, 2001; Barbarothea Scudder, 1890; Lepidopterites Piton,1936; Palaeozygaena Reiss, 1936; Psamateia calipsa Martins-Neto, 2002; Saxibatinca meyi Skalski in Kristensen andSkalski, 1998; Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1976; Thanatites juvenalis Scudder, 1875; Tortricibaltia diakonoffiSkalski, 1976; and Zygaenites Reiss, 1936. An unnecessary subsequent type designation for Pierites Heer, 1849, isdiscussed. A total of 129 records include lepidopteran fossils which cannot be placed in any taxonomic rank. There alsoexist at least 25 fossil records which lack any evidence of the supposed lepidopteran association. Misidentified specimens,including 18 fossil genera, 29 fossil species and 12 unnamed fossils, are excluded from Lepidoptera. All the knownlepidopteran fossils are annotated by fossil type, specimen deposition, excavation locality, association with plants when present, and geological age. A bibliographic list of lepidopteran fossils is provided.

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Hill, RS, and SS Whang. "A new species of Fitzroya (Cupressaceae) from oligocene sediments in north-western Tasmania." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 6 (1996): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960867.

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Vegetative twigs from Oligocene sediments in north-western Tasmania are assigned to a new fossil species of Fitzroya, F. tasmanensis. These twigs differ from extant F. cupressoides in leaf shape and stomatal orientation and morphology. This is the first fossil record of Fitzroya from outside the current range of the genus (South America). Previous fossil records of Fitzroya from South America are almost certainly erroneous. These fossils occur in sediments with leaves and cupules of Nothofagus subgenus Nothofagus, which is also restricted to South America today. This suggests that some current plant associations in southern South America provide good analogues for vegetation in Oligocene Tasmania.

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Yudha, Donan Satria, Muhammad Ageng Prabowo, Rusyad Adi Suriyanto, and Didit Hadi Barianto. "The Diversity of Ray-finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) in Plio-Pleistocene Java." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (August 15, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.43694.

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Java has been known in the world of Paleontology as a contributor to the findings of Homo erectus fossils, but there are still other fossil findings that have not been identified until now, especially fossil fishes of the subclass Actinopterygii. This research was conducted to recognize the diversity of the actinopterygians fishes in Plio-Pleistocene of Java and to determine the diagnostic characters of each taxon group of fossils in the Plio-Pleistocene of Java. The study was carried out using comparative anatomical methods with present-day specimens and fossil findings collection of the Laboratory of Bioanthropology and Paleoanthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada; Bandung Geological Museum and Sangiran Early Man Site. The research found at least 8 species of fish fossils in Java which belong to three order, i.e., the order Siluriformes with 5 identified species: Bagarius gigas, Hemibragus nemurus, Clarias macrocephalus, family Ariidae with indeterminate genus or species, Plotosus canius, Clarias batrachus, and family Pangasiidae with indeterminate genus or species; the order Perciformes with two identified species: Anabas testudineus and Sphyraena crassidens; and the order Cypriniformes with one identified species: Osteochilus vittatus. Based on the fossil findings showed that the Java Island during the Plio-Pleistocene used to be a marine environment that gradually ascending into a lowland river which closes to mangrove swamps and estuaries while the ancient Bandung lake site was a lacustrine environment with calm currents and is overgrown with riparian vegetation.

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Schram, Frederick R., Cees H. J. Hof, Royal H. Mapes, and Polly Snowdon. "Paleozoic cumaceans (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Peracarida) from North America." Contributions to Zoology 72, no. 1 (2003): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07201001.

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Three new species of malacostracans are described from North America in the Upper Mississippian Into Formation of Arkansas, and the Pennsylvanian Eudora Shale of southeastern Kansas. These appear to be the oldest fossils attributed to the Cumacea and are only the third collection of fossil cumaceans anywhere to be described. Previously depicted forms occur in the Permian and Jurassic of Europe. We herein double the number of described fossil cumacean species and suggest some necessary adjustments to the higher taxonomy of the group to accommodate apomorphic features of the fossil and Recent forms.

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Gut, Carolin, Jasna Vukić, Radek Šanda, Timo Moritz, and Bettina Reichenbacher. "Identification of past and present gobies: distinguishing Gobius and Pomatoschistus (Teleostei: Gobioidei) species using characters of otoliths, meristics and body morphometry." Contributions to Zoology 89, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 282–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10002.

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Gobies (Gobiidae + Oxudercidae) are among the largest groups of extant marine fishes. Fossils of gobies are abundant since the Miocene, and many species have been reported so far. However, delimitation of fossil goby species is challenging because molecular markers and diagnostic traits such as the disposition of sensory head papillae are lost. This study provides, for the first time, an actualistic framework for the identification of fossil goby species. We focus on characters that can in principle be recognized in fossils, and evaluate their ability to discriminate between extant goby species based on statistical analyses. Using 14 extant species of Gobius and seven species of Pomatoschistus, we conducted otolith morphometry, elliptic Fourier shape analysis of otoliths using the package ‘Momocs’, conventional fish morphometry, and meristic counts. In addition, the otoliths of all species are depicted based on SEM images and briefly described. Otolith Fourier shape analysis proved to be most efficient in discrimination of species within both genera, Gobius and Pomatoschistus. Several characters used in the other approaches also worked well, but the results were variable, and the relative taxonomic significance of particular variables tended to change depending on the species under consideration. We propose otolith shape analysis as a powerful tool to explore ancient goby species diversity when samples with abundant fossil otoliths are present. Overall, the herein presented data will greatly facilitate delimitation of fossil goby species in future studies, and will consequently shed new light on the evolution of goby diversity and biogeography through time.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fossil species"

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Swisher, Robert E. "Paleobiogeographical and evolutionary analysis of Late Ordovician, C₅ sequence brachiopod species, with special reference to Rhynchonellid taxa." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1245445583.

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Vavrek, Matthew. "Palaeomacroecology: large scale patterns in species diversity through the fossil record." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96968.

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Palaeomacroecology is the study of large scale patterns of species diversity in the fossil record, encompassing a variety of subtopics. This thesis also addresses a variety of these subtopics, making it difficult to define under one heading.The first portion of the thesis deals with a new package of software tools for the analysis of large scale datasets, with a specific focus towards palaeoecology and palaeogeography. These software tools have been combined into a package called fossil that has been released on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN), and is already being used by other palaeoecologists. While the majority of these tools had a basis in previous statistical methods, I have also independently developed a clustering algorithm for use with biogeographic datasets. This clustering algorithm is relational, non-Euclidean and non-hierarchical and as such is called Non-Euclidean Relational Clustering (NERC). NERC eliminates several of the assumptions common to most other clustering methods that are often violated by biogeographic data.The next portion of my thesis describes a new Triassic aged flora from Axel Heiberg Island in Nunavut. Macroecological studies typically use large databases compiled from individual samples; therefore, these individual samples represent the foundation on which macroecological analyses rest, and collection and description of new fossil bearing sites is vital to the advancement of palaeomacroecology.Chapter 5 is an analysis of the provinciality and beta diversity of dinosaurs in the Late Cretaceous of North America. This analysis found that contrary to previous studies, dinosaur genera were widespread across the continent and not restricted to small geographic ranges. Chapter 6 is the final culmination of my thesis, and where I see palaeomacroecology headed in the future. It is an analysis of how latitudinal diversity gradients in plants have changed through time. The analysis assesses the impact of changing climate in creating and sustaining the latitudinal diversity gradient, and lends support to the idea that temperatures are important drivers of the gradient.The final chapter is a summary of where palaeomacroecology has been, and where its future work might be best focused. While the field of palaeontology is vital to our understanding of large scale, especially temporally, patterns of species diversity, the field of palaeontology has an opportunity to advance our understanding at an even more rapid pace provided we ask the appropriate questions of our data.
La palaeomacroecology est l'etude des modeles a grande echelle de la diversite des especes dans les archives fossiles, et inclue une variete de sous-themes. Cette these adresse aussi une variete de ces sous-themes, ce qui en fait diffucult de definir sous une seule rubrique. La premiere partie de la these discute d'un nouvel ensemble d'outils logiciels pour l'analyse des ensembles de donnees a grande echelle, avec une attention particuliere a la paleoecologie et la paleogeographie. Ces outils logiciels ont ete combines dans un paquet appele fossil qui a ete publie sur le reseau Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN), et est deja utilise par d'autres palaeoecologists. Bien que la majorite de ces outils avait une base en preious methodes statistiques, j'ai aussi developpe independamment un algorithm de regroupement pour une utilisation avec des bases de donnees biogeographiques. Cet algorithme de regroupement est relationnelle, non-euclidienne et non-hierarchique et en tant que telle est appele Non-Euclidean Relational Clustering (NERC). NERC elimine plusieurs des hypotheses communes a la plupart des autres methodes de classification, et qui sont souvent violees par des donnees biogeographiques.La partie suivante de ma these decrit une nouvelle flore du Trias a l'ile Axel Heiberg, au Nunavut. Les etudes macroecologiques utilisent generalement de grandes bases de donnees compilees a partir des echantillons individuels et, par consequent, ces echantillons individuels representent le fondement del'analyse macroecologique, et la collecte et la description des nouveaux sites fossiliferes est indispensable a l'avancement de la palaeomacroecologie.Le Chapitre 5 est une analyse du provincialisme et de la diversite beta des dinosaures aux Cretace superieur en Amerique du Nord. Contrairement aux etudes precedentes, cette analyse a revele que les genres de dinosaures ont ete beaucoup plus repondus a travers le continent et ne se limitement pas a de petites aires geographiques. Le Chapitre 6 est l'aboutissement final de ma these, ou je vois dans quelle direction se dirige a la palaeomacroecologie. Il s'agit d'une analyse de la facon dont les gradients de diversite des plantes ont change au fil du temps. L'analyse evalue le role des changements climatiques dans la creation et le maintien du gradient latitudinal de diversite, et soutient l'idee que les temperatures sont d'importants moteurs de ce gradient.Le dernier chapitre resume l'evolution palaeomacroecologie dans quelle direction les travaux futurs devraient etre orientes. Bien que le domaine de la paleontologie sait vital pour notre comprehension des modeles de la diversite des especes a grande echelle, en particulier celle temporelle, le domaine de la paleontologie a une occasion de faire progresser notre comprehension a un rythme encore plus rapide, a condition de poser les bonnes questions.

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Short, Rachel A. "A New Species of Teleoceras from the Late Miocene Gray Fossil Site, with Comparisons to Other North American Hemphillian Species." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1143.

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A thorough morphological description of Teleoceras material from the Gray Fossil Site, Gray, Tennessee is provided. This is the only record of a browsing Teleoceras and, as a late Hemphillian locality, represents one of the youngest populations. Linear measurements of post-cranial elements indicate proportional differences between Teleoceras from the Gray Fossil Site and those from other Hemphillian localities. These differences are more pronounced in the elements of the forelimb than in those of the hind limb. Statistical analyses of post-cranial elements from 3 Hemphillian species of Teleoceras suggest that these differences should not be used to separate species. However, the elements do typically sort well by fossil locality, which suggests that post-cranial morphology is plastic enough to become modified within a population. Furthermore, dental morphology comparisons with the holotypes of these species indicate that the GFS rhino represents a previously undescribed species.

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Brassey, Charlotte. "Biomechanical modelling of long bones and body mass estimation in modern and fossil species." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biomechanical-modelling-of-long-bones-and-body-mass-estimation-in-modern-and-fossil-species(112da3ec-eb91-4d2e-bde1-64ed5d8b2299).html.

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The thesis presented herein utilizes a variety of methods to address the biomechanical function of vertebrate hind limb bones in both modern and fossil species. In an innovative application of beam theory, the maximum force a long bone is capable of withstanding before yield is calculated under a variety of simplified loading conditions for a phylogenetically diverse sample of modern birds and mammals. In doing so, new insights are gained into the combined role of limb bone geometry and load vector in achieving mass-invariant safety factors under static loading. In particular, the avian femur is found to scale with sufficient allometry such that no postural modification is required to maintain constant safety factors across several orders of magnitude in body mass. In a methodological study, two techniques for estimating stress (simple beam theory and finite element analysis, FEA) are compared across a sample of morphologically diverse long bones. The extent to which stress estimates derived from the two modelling techniques diverge is found to correlate to aspects of the underlying bone morphology such as shaft curvature and cross-sectional asymmetry, and important recommendations are made regarding the appropriate application of both methods to skeletal material. A novel ’convex hull’ volumetric mass prediction technique for fossil birds is applied to two species of extinct moa (Dinornithiformes) from New Zealand. The resulting mass estimates are incorporated into a FEA study of the femora and tibiotarsi of modern ratites and moa. The ’stout southern’ moa (Pachyornis australis) is confirmed as possessing extremely robust limbs, whilst the ’terrible robust’ moa (Dinornis robustus) is found to possess equally, if not less, robust limb bones than those of modern ratites. The results are subsequently interpreted in the context of moa habitat range and shared ancestry. Finally the convex hull mass estimation technique is extended to modern primates, and the scaling of body mass with convex hull volume is compared across birds, primates and non-primate mammals. The allometric scaling of convex hull volume in birds and primates is considered in light of interspecific variation in muscle volume, body fat and integumentary structures, and is particularly relevant to those reconstructing the soft-tissue architecture of fossil species.

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James, Helen Frances. "Historical perspectives on the evolution and ecology of Hawaiian birds : part I: phylogeny of the Hawaiian finches (Fringillidae: Drepanidini); part II: palaeoecology of terrestrial communities." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325927.

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Jansky, Kyle J. "Identifying Myotis Species Using Geometric Morphometrics and its Implications for the Fossil Record and Conservation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1145.

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Dentaries of the 6 species of Myotis that occur in the eastern United States were analyzed using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. The species could be distinguished with a high degree of accuracy. Evidence was found of a phylogenetic signal in the morphology of the Neotropical and Nearctic Myotis sub-clades. There is also evidence of convergence in the morphology of the dentary among Myotis species that feed primarily by gleaning. When analyzed together there was no evidence of sexual dimorphism among the 6 eastern U.S. Myotis, but when analyzed individually some dimorphism may be present. A sample of fossil Myotis of unknown species from Bat Cave, Kentucky, was analyzed in an attempt to identify the specimens to species. Results indicate that Myotis austroriparius and M. sodalis predominate the sample, possibly with smaller numbers of M. grisescens and M. leibii. This study demonstrates the ability to differentiate Myotis taxa from historic and prehistoric sites and provides a tool for researchers to better understand and potentially conserve these species.

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Moore, Jason Richard. "Quantifying isotaphonomy and assessing the preservation of species evenness in the terrestrial vertebrate fossil record." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614182.

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Emery, Meaghan. "Assessment of Character Variation in the Crania and Teeth of Modern Artiodactyls for Better Species Diagnosis in the Fossil Record." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20726.

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Accurately distinguishing species in the fossil record is difficult when the extent of osteological variation in many modern animals is unknown. Research into intraspecific variation has been conducted in a number of groups, but has not been conducted for systematics use in most modern artiodactyls. In this dissertation I quantify intraspecific variation of teeth in 14 species of modern artiodactyl, then test how accurately cranial characters diagnose modern, sympatric species of duikers, and use this information to reassess the artiodactyl diversity of a fossil group: the superfamily Merycoidodontoidea in the John Day Fossil Beds. Ultimately, variation is not constant between orders or different size classes, is influenced by morphology, size, and dimorphism, and this variation should be incorporated into fossil diagnoses to avoid both overconfidence of diagnosis and under-recognition of possible intraspecific variation.

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Peart, Daniel Chad. "CONTINUOUS OR PULSE? SIMULATING SPECIATION AND EXTINCTION FROM EAST AND SOUTH AFRICAN FAUNA AT PLIO-PLEISTOCENE FOSSIL SITES." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429298292.

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Lagomarcino, Anne J. "The relationship between genus richness and geographic area in Late Cretaceous marine biotas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1298394640.

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Books on the topic "Fossil species"

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Systematic list of fossil decapod crustacean species. Leiden: Brill, 2010.

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Lentin, J. K. Fossil dinoflagellates: Index to genera and species. [Houston, TX]: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, 1989.

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Penhallow, D. P. Two species of trees from the post-glacial of Illinois. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Lentin, J. K. Alphabetical index of fossil, organic walled dinoflagellate species. [Houston, TX]: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundatio, 1989.

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Dall, William Healey. New species of shells: Collected by Mr. John Macoun of Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Ottawa: Govt. Print. Bureau, 1997.

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Hodgkinson, R. L. Placopsilina' cenomana d'Orbigny from France and England and the type species of Placopsilina d'Orbigny, 1850 (Foraminiferida). London: British Museum (Natural History), 1992.

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Whiteaves, Joseph Frederick. Notes on the gasteropoda of the Trenton limestone of Manitoba, with a description of one new species. [S.l: s.n., 1987.

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Whiteaves, Joseph Frederick. On some fossil cephalopoda in the museum of the Geological Survey of Canada, with descriptions of eight species that appear to be new. [S.l: s.n., 1987.

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Whiteaves, Joseph Frederick. On some fossil cephalopoda in the museum of the Geological Survey of Canada, with descriptions of eight species that appear to be new. [S.l: s.n., 1987.

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Akers, Rosemary E. Texas Cretaceous bivalves 2: Descriptions and illustrations of all named Texas genera and species. Houston, Tex: Paleontological Section, Houston Gem and Mineral Society, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fossil species"

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Carr, John, and Tema Milstein. "Manatees and fossil-fuel power plants." In Communicating Endangered Species, 218–32. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003041955-18.

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Plavcan, J. Michael. "Catarrhine Dental Variability and Species Recognition in the Fossil Record." In Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution, 239–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3745-2_10.

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Solé-Cava, A. M., J. P. Thorpe, and R. Manconi. "A New Mediterranean Species of Axinella Detected by Biochemical Genetic Methods." In Fossil and Recent Sponges, 313–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75656-6_25.

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Vacelet, J., and M. J. Uriz. "Deficient Spiculation in a New Species of Merlia (Merliida, Demospongiae) from the Balearic Islands." In Fossil and Recent Sponges, 170–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75656-6_14.

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Hooper, J. N. A., R. J. Capon, C. P. Keenan, and D. L. Parry. "Morphometric and Biochemical Differences Between Sympatric Populations of the Clathria “Spicata” Species Complex (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae) from Northern Australia." In Fossil and Recent Sponges, 271–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75656-6_21.

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Bellanca, Nicolò, and Luca Pardi. "Risorse e popolazione umana." In Studi e saggi, 21–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-195-2.06.

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The history of the genus Homo, and of the sapiens species in particular, is different from that of other species due to the extreme importance of cultural evolution compared to biological evolution. But from the discovery of how to use fire and generate it, up to the invention of the steam engine, man essentially lives, like the other organisms of the biosphere, on the energy flow guaranteed by solar radiation. With the encounter between machines and fossil fuels and the entry into the era of engines, the rules of the game change radically, and the activities of Homo sapiens change in extent and intensity, in such a way as to progressively reduce the living space of all other animal and plant species, except for the allied and commensal ones. The global industrialized society arising from the meeting between machines and fossil sources is presently facing two fundamental difficulties: the gradual saturation of terrestrial ecosystems with the waste of social and economic metabolism, and the finiteness of fossil energy sources, which are not easy replacement due to their special chemical-physical properties.

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Oonincx, Dennis G. A. B. "Environmental impact of insect rearing." In Insects as animal feed: novel ingredients for use in pet, aquaculture and livestock diets, 53–59. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245929.0007.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the environmental impact of insect rearing. Direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from insects used as feed or food are discussed and data from life cycle assessments (LCAs) on commercially farmed insects are discussed per species. The relevance of the utilized feed on the environmental impact of insects and their derived products, including suggestions to lower this impact are also discussed. It is concluded that land use associated with insect production generally seems low, compared to conventional feed and food products. The EU (expressed as fossil fuel depletion) of insect production is often high compared to conventional products. To a large extent this is because several LCAs have been conducted for systems in temperate climates, which require extensive climate control.

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Kostomarova, A. A. "The Loach Misgurnus fossilis." In Animal Species for Developmental Studies, 125–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3654-3_5.

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Green, Owen R. "Mechanical Methods of Preparing Fossil Specimens." In A Manual of Practical Laboratory and Field Techniques in Palaeobiology, 110–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0581-3_12.

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Green, Owen R. "Preparation of Amber Specimens Containing Fossils." In A Manual of Practical Laboratory and Field Techniques in Palaeobiology, 234–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0581-3_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fossil species"

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Hunt, Gene, Maria João Fernandes Martins, T. Markham Puckett, Jack O. Shaw, Rowan Lockwood, and John P. Swaddle. "SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IS GENERALLY STABLE OVER THE LIFETIME OF FOSSIL OSTRACODE SPECIES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-306412.

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Wright, David F., Selina R. Cole, and William I. Ausich. "FOSSIL PHYLOGENIES REVEAL SPECIES-LEVEL DIVERSIFICATION DYNAMICS DURING THE ORDOVICIAN RADIATION OF MARINE LIFE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319244.

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Calede, Jonathan J., and Andrew C. Brown. "CRANIAL DISPARITY IN EXTANT GEOMYOID RODENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIES BOUNDARIES IN THE FOSSIL RECORD." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323803.

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Ciccariello, A. R., Ted Daeschler, and Ted Daeschler. "EXPLORING A NEW SPECIES OF ONYCHODONTID FOSSIL FISH FROM THE LATE DEVONIAN (382-360 MILLION YEARS AGO)." In 53rd Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018ne-310123.

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Lopez-Carranza, Natalia, Holly A. Schreiber, Peter Roopnarine, and Sandra J. Carlson. "QUANTIFYING LONG LOOP VARIABILITY IN RECENT TEREBRATULIDE BRACHIOPODS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIES DELIMITATION IN THE FOSSIL RECORD." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284535.

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Sivakumar, Ashwin, and Alexis Mychajliw. "FOSSIL-AUGMENTED SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS REVEAL SHIFTING BASELINES FROM THE PLEISTOCENE TO THE PRESENT FOR THE CALIFORNIA CONDOR." In 116th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020cd-347041.

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Barord, Gregory Jeff, Job Lukas Veloso, and Peter Ward. "THE FOSSIL AND EXTANT SPECIES OF NAUTILUS AND ALLONAUTILUS: SYSTEMATICS, BIOGEOGRAPHY AND A NEW PHYLOGENY OF THE POST TRIASSIC NAUTILOID CEPHALOPODS USING CHARACTER WEIGHTING DICTATED BY NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE EXTANT SPECIES." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358188.

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Bulimaga, Constantin, Aureliu Burghelea, Corina Certan, Maria Rusu, and Nicolae Bodrug. "Procesul de evoluare a regosolului pe suprafața haldei de steril în cariera de calcar lafarge ciment (Moldova) s.a. din Rezina." In Provocări şi tendinţe actuale în cercetarea componentelor naturale şi socio-economice ale ecosistemelor urbane şi rurale. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975891608.13.

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Soil profiles made on the platform with recent deposits under multiannual plants and under trees have shown that they represent regosols (in fact, conventional, because they were recently deposited and flattened (a. 2017) and are composed of fossil soils and unconsolidated rocks) luto-clay with ocher horizont. Layer I (0-2 cm) - the litter is well pronounced, dark brown, resinous, clay-clay, dusty, the structure of the fossil soil was preserved, on the basis of which it formed, loosened, porous, the passage between the underlying clear horizon after compactness. Layer II (2-10 cm) - represents recent deposits, formed on the basis of the fossil soil, reavane, luto-clay, prismatic structure slightly pronounced, more compact than the overlying layer. Layer III (10-38 cm) - recent deposits, formed on the basis of the fossil soil, differs from the overlying layer with a high degree of settling. The fourth layer (38-60 cm) - recent deposits, formed on the basis of the fossil soil, differs from the overlying layer with a high degree of settling. The humus content in the beds under multi-annual plants and under the trees indicated that the humus content in the litter under the perennial plants is 5 times higher than in the litter under the trees, which is explained by the amount of high organic matter which is generated by species of perennial plants rather than trees, which ensures the generation of higher humus content (organic matter).

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Westgaard, John, H. Douglas Hanks, and Sarah Z. Gibson. "A RE-EXAMINATION OF THE FOSSIL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF FISH SPECIES WITHIN THE LATE CRETACEOUS COLERAINE FORMATION OF MINNESOTA’S MESABI IRON RANGE." In 54th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020nc-348239.

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Miklasevskaja, Margarita. "Towards a more accurate time-calibrated phylogeny of Colletidae: Phylogeny ofChilicola(Hylaeosoma) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) based on morphological and morphometric data of extant and fossil species." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113609.

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Reports on the topic "Fossil species"

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Althaus, Stacey. Application of solid state NMR for the study of surface bound species and fossil fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342572.

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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman, and Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.

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Grattan, D. W. The conservation of specimens from the Geodetic Hills Fossil Forest site, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131958.

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Bolton, T. E. Catalogue of types and figured specimens of fossil plants in the Geological Survey of Canada collections, Volume II. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194039.

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Jensen, G. F., and J. D. Miller. Selective flotation of fossil resin from western coal. A special report comprising: Monthly report for December 1991--April 1992 and Quarterly reports for December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163358.

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