Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fossil hominids'
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Paulus, Faydre L. "Determining the relations between canine crown height and root basal diameters and root length implications for the hominin fossil record /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4291.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 20, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Drapeau, Michelle. "Functional analysis of the associated partial forelimb skeleton from Hadar, Ethiopia (A.L. 438-1) : implications for understanding patterns of variation and evolution in early hominin forearm and hand anatomy /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036822.
Full textRosenman, Burt A. "Triangulating the evolution of the vertebral column in the last common ancestor thoracolumbar transverse process homology in the hominoidea /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1209155043.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 8, 2009). Advisor: C. Owen Lovejoy. Keywords: lumbar transverse process; vertebral evolution Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-221).
Cooper, Robert D. "A knowledge-based system for hominid fossils." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004420.
Full textLee-Thorp, Julia Anne. "Stable carbon isotopes in deep time : the diets of fossil fauna and hominids." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21732.
Full textThis thesis describes the development, testing and application of a technique for extending carbon isotopic dietary tracing millions of years in time,. using the mineral phase of calcified tissues (apatite) as alternative sample material to collagen. The results reported here provide empirical evidence for the validity of the technique. Investigation of the isotopic relationships between diet, collagen and apatite, using a large sample of modem fauna with known diets, confirms that the isotopic relationship between collagen and apatite changes with trophic level.
Klinken, G. J. van. "Dating and dietary reconstruction by isotopic analysis of amino acids in fossil bone collagen-with special reference to the Caribbean." Amsterdam : Fondation for Scientific Research in the Caribbean Region, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26955816.html.
Full textHillenbrand, Heather A. "An Australopithecus afarensis Infant First Metatarsal from Hadar, Ethiopia." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1240266619.
Full textCarter, Brian D. "Paleoecological reconstructions of the South African Plio-Pleistocene based on low-magnification dental microwear of fossil primates." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11302006-174657/.
Full textTitle from title screen. Frank L. Williams, committee chair; Cassandra White, Susan C. McCombie, committee members. Description based on contents viewed June 25, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-99).
Putchinski, Mark. "Hominoid Ancestors of the Miocene." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/791.
Full textBachelors
Arts and Sciences
Anthropology
Macalusco, P. James. "Descriptions and comparative studies of the hominin dental remains from Dmanisi, Georgia 1991-2002 collections /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
Find full textTurner, James Harvey. "An investigation of violence-related trauma at two sites in the Pickwick Basin Dust Cave (1LU496) and the O'Neal site (1LU61) /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03312006-153916.
Full textLebreton, Vincent. "Paysages et climats des premiers hominidés en Italie /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39145102s.
Full textWarren, Kerryn Ashleigh. "Of mice and hominins: using the craniomandibular morphology of hybrid mice to better understand hybrid morphologies in the Hominin fossil record." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25527.
Full textMarchal, François. "L'os coxal des hominides fossiles." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22107.
Full textChamberlain, A. T. "A taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of Homo habilis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382041.
Full textWalker, Joanne. "Uranium-lead dating of hominid fossil sites in South Africa." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/746/.
Full textKorpinen, N. (Niina). "The use of craniofacial measurements in body size estimation:implications for fossil hominins." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201604141490.
Full textPro gradu -tutkielmani aiheena on tutkia kallon mittojen käyttöä kokoarvioiden teossa hyödyntäen aineistona 74 yksilön Afrikkalaisen ihmisapinan otosta ja luoda uudet kokoarviointilaskukaavat, joita voisi sitten käyttää fossiili hominien kokoarvioinnissa. Aihe tarvitsee lisäselvityksiä, sillä kokoarviointi on yksi paleoantropologjen tärkeimmistä työkaluista tutkittaessa muinaisia hominineja. On myös ilmennyt monia seikkoja, jotka ovat heikentäneen postcranialisten luiden käyttöä koko-arvioinneissa. Tämä on luonnut tarpeen tutkia kallon mittasuhteiden hyödynnettävyyttä. Tarkoituksena oli ensinnäkin tutkia mitkä kallon yksittäiset mitat osoittavat vahvaa suhdetta luuston kehyskoon kanssa (SFS), joka kuvastaa tutkimuksessa ruumiin kokoa. Yksittäisiä mittoja tutkittiin Pearson korrelaatio analyysin avulla käsitellen lajien ja sukupuoliryhmien välisiä eroja. Tämän jälkeen tehtiin least square regressio analyysi niille mitoille, jotka osoittivat vahvaa korrelaatiota SFS:n kanssa. Tällä tavalla saatiin luotua kokoarviokaavat ja apinoille kokoarviot, joiden paikkansa pitävyyttä sitten tutkittiin. Seuraavaksi laskettiin uudet kokoarviot 15 fossiili kallovalokselle (edustivat 13 lajia), jotka olivat saatavilla Oulun Yliopiston Eläinmuseossa. Lopuksi fossiilien uusia kokoarvioita verrattiin jo olemassa oleviin lajien kokoarvioihin ja selvitettiin kaavojen toimivuutta sekä niiden hyödynnettävyyttä tulevissa tutkimuksissa. Kaikki analyysit tehtiin IBM SPSS Statistics tilasto-ohjelmalla. Korrelaatioiden tulokset osoittavat vahvaa suhdetta kallon mittojen ja SFS välillä. Korkeimmat korrelaatiot saatiin kasvojen koolle ja GIL:le (r=0.951). Kaiken kaikkiaan 8 mittaa valittiin käytettäväksi lineaarisessa regressiossa ja kokoarvioissa. Tämän lisäksi uroksille ja naaraille luotiin omat kokoarvio kaavat. Regressiot ja apinoiden kokoarviot tuottivat hyvin lupaavia tuloksia. Pienin MAPE (12–14 %) löytyi kaikissa otoksissa (kaikki, urokset ja naaraat) kasvojen koolta. Kaikissa otoksissa ainakin muutama laskukaava tuotti kokoarvioita, joista 70 % osui ±20% sisälle SFS koosta. Vaikka selvästi parhaimmat tulokset saatiin käyttäen kasvojen kokoa laskukaavioissa, kokonaisuudessaan suurin osa tuloksista oli samaa luokkaa aiempien tutkimusten tulosten kanssa. Sen sijaan, kun fossiilien kokoarvoit laskettiin, tuli selväksi ettei suurin osa kallon mitoista toimi luotettavina kokoarviojana. Tulokset osoittivat monia koon yli- ja aliarviointeja, mutta eri otoksilla luotujen kaavojen tulokset eivät juuri eronneet toisistaan. Ainoastaan kasvojen koko sai tuotettua suhteellisen tarkkoja arvioita ja sen ainoa ongelma vaikutti olevan pienikokoinen H. floresiensis. Syy tähän todennäköisesti liittyy aineiston yksilöiden kokoon, missä on paljon suurempia yksilöitä verrattaessa homineihin. Tämän tutkimus osoittaa että kasvojen koko vaikuttaa lupaavalta kokoarvioijalta. Tämä liittyy todennäköisesti siihen että mitta edustaa kasvojen kokonaiskokoa eikä vain yksittäistä mittaa. Tästä huolimatta kasvojen koon käyttäminen kokoarvioiden teossa vaatii vielä lisätutkimuksia. Varsin tärkeätä olisi käyttää aineistoa, johon kuuluisi pieniä yksilöitä, jotta saataisi luotua parempia laskukaaviota, joita voitaisiin hyödyntää myös pienempiä homineita tutkittaessa
Thompson, Jennifer Louise. "The significance of early hominid cranial variability." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5875/.
Full textHarmand, Sonia. "Matières premières lithiques et comportements techno-économiques des homininés plio-pléistocènes du Turkana occidental, Kenya." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100118.
Full textIn this study, a detailed comparative techno-economic analysis of sites from the Nachukui Formation (West Turkana, Kenya) documents the evolution and change in patterns of raw material procurement and management between 2. 34 to 0. 7 Myr within a well-circumscribed area. The implemented methodology reveals intersite diversity stemming from techno-economic patterns related to raw material properties as well as the manner of exploitation. Models of ranging patterns of Oldowan hominins are examined alongside these new insights of early technological and cognitive developments
Stoczkowski, Wiktor. "Origine de l'homme : entre l'anthropologie nai͏̈ve et savante." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0003.
Full textPrehistoric man was invented before being discovered, and the imaginary prehistory of olden times still permeates the scientific visions of the remote past. For more than two thousand years, european speculation about human origins activates the same cliches, which originate in a transformation of ancient mythical motifs. Our research trusto reconstruct the emergence of the naturalist reflection on the human origins. And to relate the survivals of this "naive anthropology" in modern conceptions of hominisation
King, Tania Christine. "Dental microwear and diet in Griphopithecus alpani." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265186.
Full textAliaga, Martínez Eugenio Andrés. "Alteraciones tafonómicas in vitro del microdesgaste dental, modelización de los patrones de microestriación del esmalte y caracterización de la variabilidad de la microtextura vestibular en Primates y Homininos fósiles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/295844.
Full textThe study of microscopic wear on dental enamel surfaces is an important source of information to interpret the diet of different groups of hominins and non-human Primates, both extant and extinct. The methodological standardization of buccal microwear analysis requires detailed information about the possible obstacles that could influence the robustness of the results and its subsequent interpretation. In this regard, one of the aims of this research was to study experimentally the abrasive and erosive effects of post-mortem processes on microwear patterns on buccal surfaces, simulating the action of different taphonomic agents (particles of sand and ash, and acids). Additionally, the application of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with the variables that explain the buccal microwear patterns was studied on a wide sample of several species of both non-human primates and fossil hominins using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the interspecific variability of buccal microwear texture patterns on extant non-human Primates (Cercopithecidae and Hominoidea) and African Plio-Pleistocene hominins (A. afarensis, A. africanus and P. robustus) was studied using a innovative 3D method of analysis that so far has been used fundamentally on occlusal surfaces. The results showed that the striations density decreases as the enamel was exposed to different taphonomic agents, showing variations in the changes of the microwear patterns according to the agent, depending on the acidity and the hardness and size of the particles, and revealing the influence of the first exposure. Our results indicate that for an optimal application of LDA is necessary to meet some a priori assumptions, especially recommendations related to the size and number of groups, the number of predictors, and homoscedasticity. It was observed that a large number of predictors lead to higher misclassification, although discrimination increases along also. The association between the collinearity of predictor variables and misclassification was demonstrated. The application of this statistical method without the variables of standard deviation of the lengths of striations is recommended and, if possible, avoiding to include the variables that summarize the density and length of striations. Buccal microwear texture analysis showed that it is possible to recognize interspecies variability among non-human Primates, and relate them to environmental and dietary factors that are associated with abrasiveness food, showing that Complexity (Asfc) was the most determinant parameter. The texture analysis indicated that probably the physical properties of diet among African hominins studied were similar, albeit distinguishing within the variability of extant non-human Primates species. Texture patterns of gracile australopithecines were similar to lowland gorillas, suggesting food and ecological behaviours based on tough items, but with flexibility towards greater abrasiveness and fracture hardness, although A. africanus would have a more frugivorous–granivorous diet. P. robustus patterns were similar to those observed in P. anubis and P. t. verus, suggesting a tough food diet, probably from more open habitats.
Henric, Marie-Claire. "Limites et difficultés de la paléontologie humaine appliquée à l'étude de la main préhistorique : cas particulier de la main des Néandertaliens : examen anatomique et comparatif des phalanges fossiles de la grotte de l'Hortus (Hérault, France)." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11058.
Full textCondemi, Silvana. "Les hommes fossiles de Saccopastore (Italie) et leurs relations phylogénétiques." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10542.
Full textPina, Miguel Marta. "Unravelling the positional behaviour of fossil hominoids: Morphofunctional and structural analysis of the primate hindlimb." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392669.
Full textLiving hominoids (apes and humans) are orthograde primates that rely on specialized modes of locomotion such as below-branch suspension, vertical climbing, and bipedalism. Identifying the functionally meaningful adaptations that characterize each locomotor type is therefore essential to make sound functional inferences about fossil species. Moreover, the hindlimb elements play an important role in primate locomotion, since they participate in body weight transmission, support and propulsion. Thus, this thesis focuses on the study of the (non-pedal) hindlimb remains of the Miocene great apes cf. Dryopithecus fontani, Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, Hispanopithecus laietanus and Hispanopithecus crusafonti from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula), through morphometric and biomechanical analyses. These fossil apes are of utmost relevance to understand hominoid evolution because they constitute the largest currently available assemblage of fossil hominids (i.e., the great ape and human family) exhibiting the earliest unambiguous evidence of orthogrady. From an evolutionary viewpoint, these fossils represent a key moment for comprehending the origins of the orthograde behaviours. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to shed light on the positional behaviour of the Iberian fossil great apes and provide new insights on the evolutionary pathways of living hominoids locomotor modes. Results show that the hindlimb morphology of the Vallès-Penedès great apes is highly diverse. Each taxon combines a unique array of plesiomorphic (“monkey-like” or “stem hominoid-like”) and derived (modern ape-like) traits, associated with either quadrupedalism or orthograde-like behaviours, respectively. Overall, these results support previous works suggesting that the Vallès-Penedès taxa would combine different degrees of above-branch quadrupedalism and orthograde-like behaviours (vertical climbing and/or below-branch suspension). These results also highlight the mosaic nature of the hominoid postcranium evolution and provide new morphological evidence of the incipient orthograde-related modes of locomotion that currently characterize this group of primates (including human bipedalism).
Maxwell, Simon Joseph. "The quality of the early hominin fossil record : implications for evolutionary analyses." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/360/.
Full textWidianto, Harry. "Unite et diversite des hominides fossiles de java : presentation de restes humains fossiles inedits." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MNHN0023.
Full textSmith, Emma. "A functional analysis of molar morphometrics in living and fossil hominoids using 2-D digitized images." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ41315.pdf.
Full textHambucken, Anne. "Variabilité morphologique et métrique de l'humérus, du radius et de l'ulna des Néandertaliens : comparaison avec l'homme moderne." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10556.
Full textNeeser, Rudolph. "A Comparison of Statistical and Geometric Reconstruction Techniques: Guidelines for Correcting Fossil Hominin Crania." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000413/.
Full textVal, Aurore. "Une approche 3D pour comprendre la taphonomie des homininés du site plio-pléistocène de Malapa, Province du Gauteng, Afrique du Sud." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0144/document.
Full textThe cave deposits at Malapa have yielded the remains of two extremely well-preserved hominins (Australopithecus sediba) and associated fauna, dated to 1.977-1.8 Ma. The state of preservation of the hominins and some of the non-hominin material is remarkable in the context of Plio-Pleistocene fossil assemblages accumulated in caves, and indicates a unique combination of taphonomic processes, not yet observed in contemporaneous cave deposits in the region. A comprehensive approach, including palaeontological, physical, and spatial analyses of the hominins and associated fauna was undertaken to determine, describe and interpret the taphonomy of the faunal material, with particular reference to hominins. An innovative combination of Computed-Tomography (CT), micro-CT scanning and virtual reconstruction techniques was applied to create a 3D model of a selected area of the Malapa cave, with renderings of the two near-complete Au. sediba skeletons. The original burial position of the hominins was reconstructed. The results indicate that the majority of the faunal material recovered was most likely accumulated via a natural death trap. Their bodies came to rest in a deep area of the cave system with restricted access to scavengers. Results show that both individuals did probably not enter the cave system at the same time. They reached skeletonization and were slightly weathered before final burial, indicating several years of exposure before burial. Insects proved to be the primary modifiers of the hominin remains. Evidence of natural mummification before burial for MH1 and MH2 suggests the possible preservation of soft tissue
Bérillon, Gilles. "Analyse architecturale du pied de Homo, Pan et Gorilla : Application à l'étude des restes isolés d'hominoïdes miocènes et d'hominidés fossiles." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0007.
Full textMaitrerobert, Alexandre. "L'origine du langage articulé. Le tractus vocal et ses relations avec la base du crâne et la mandibule." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MNHN0005.
Full textAli, Rania. "La variabilité morphologique et métrique de la symphyse et des structures mentonnières dans les populations actuelles et chez les hommes fossiles." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13018.
Full textEl-Badawi, Jackie. "Anatomie numérisée du crâne fossile par scanner Rx : intérêt de l'imagerie médicale moderne pour l'étude de la morphologie crâniofaciale en paléoanthropologie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0017.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to determine a standardized protocol for fossils’ scanning using multi-detector row Computed Tomography (CT). Two studies were conducted on some of the scanned fossils in an effort to understand the effect of the masticatory stress on the craniofacial morphology. In the first one, we analyzed the internal morphology of the supraorbital regions in a sample of anatomically Modern Humans of Afalou and Taforalt. In the second one, we analyzed the sagittal inclination of the first and second maxillary molars in European modern and fossil hominids (Teviec and Hoedic). A global characterization of the craniofacial form and its variability among Modern Humans were assessed by creating a 3D reference model with sutural landmarks
Roy, Cheryl Ann. "A data analysis of Near Eastern Middle Palaeolithic hominid fossil occurrences using evidence of disposal of the dead." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58546.pdf.
Full textChevalier, Tony Christian. "Evolution du fémur des homininés fossiles (Australopithecus, Homo) : locomotion, taxonomie et phylogénie." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0567.
Full textA relatively rich sample is available for Australopithecus afarensis, making it the most likely species to reveal behavioural aspects of fossil hominins. Compared with Paranthropes or Australopithecus africanus, its archaic character and the abundance of the material makes it an unavoidable reference for interpreting both locomotion and interspecific variation 3,2 Myr ago. The species provides an anatomic model similar to that of modern humans and yet very different from that of the Pan and Gorilla genera. Although no arboreal charateristics were identified, traits strongly associated with bipedalism are clearly recognizable. Exclusive bipedalism seems to apply to all australopithecines. However, only members of the genus Homo display features authorizing highly dynamic phases, such as racing. We observe a real adaptation in the knee articulation for better maintenance of the knee-cap. Taxonomic inferences lend themselves better to australopithecines species, which form a heterogeneous group than to the genus Homo, more homogeous in its form. Although Homo erectus, in the broad sense, shows a large variability, Homo neanderthalensis is easily distinguished from contemporary archaic Homo sapiens and modern humans. Defining phylogenetic relationships requires a representative sample. Analysis of two complete femurs dating to around 1,8 Myr, allows us to suggest the existence of such a relationship between the ER 1472 and the ER 1481 specimens, and the genus Australopithecus. The latter has been further confirmed by an Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Avalos, Toby R. "Discerning hominid taxonomic variation in the southern Chinese, peninsular Southeast Asian, and Sundaic Pleistocene dental record." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5705.
Full textBarnard, Abigail A. "The scientist, the collector, & the treasure hunter : a knowledge centre for the cradle of humankind." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60189.
Full textDie Wiegvan die Mensdom is bekend vir die oorvloed hominied-fossiele wat daar voorkom, en is dwarsdeur die moderne era as 'n ongerepte landskap bewaar, danksy die die feit dat dit in 1994 as 'n natuurlike en kulturele Werelderfenisgebied verklaar is (Maropeng 2016). Hierdie skripsie ondersoek die kompleksiteite wat so 'n hominied-werelderfenisgebied omring. Kromdraai-grot, een van die vyf oorspronklike grotte wat ingesluit is toe Werelderfenisstatus a an die Wieg van die Mensdom toegeken is, word as aansluitingspunt tussen teenstrydige waardes binne 'n werelderfeniskonteks ondersoek. Deur die voorgestelde ingryping word dit moontlik dat die terrein nie aileen 'n verband skep tussen die onderskeie waardes wat 'n werelderfenisgebied verteenwoordig nie, maar dat daar oak 'n beter begrip van die landskap as 'n geheel verskaf word. Die terrein word as 'n kennissentrum beskou, wat sy waarde direk met die konteks in verband bring. Die verspreiding van kennis sal die erfenis toeganklik maak vir nie net wetenskaplikes nie, maar ook vir die gemeenskap.
Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted
Mercier, Norbert. "Apport des méthodes radionucléaires de datation à l'étude du peuplement de l'Europe et du Proche-Orient au cours du Pleistocène moyen et supérieur." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10645.
Full textVolpato, Virginie. "Morphogenèse des propriétés texturales du tissu osseux et environnement biomécanique : caractérisation non invasive du réseau trabéculaire et de l'os cortical du squelette appendiculaire de mammifères actuels et fossiles, hominidés inclus." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2251.
Full textThe understanding of the relative influence of the genetic and environmental/biomechanical factors involved in the morphogenesis and structural adaptation of the cortical and trabecular bone is critical for the study of the morpho-functional evolution of the postcranial skeleton. Nonetheless, the dynamic relationships between load models and site-specific textural characterization of the trabecular network and cortical shell are still poorly known in a quantitative perspective. The goals of the present research, of special methodological value, were i) the qualitative and quantitative modelling of the morphogenetic patterns of the human iliac bone textural properties; ii) the understanding of the intimate relationships between cortical shell – the "container" – and structural architecture – the "content"; iii) the nonivasive, high resolution extraction and biomechanical interpretation of the endostructural signature recorded at various sites of the appendicular skeleton in extant and fossil Mammalian taxa. Based on a representative comparative sample of 2-3D numerical images, the application of our analytical protocol to a number of fossil specimens representing highly differenciated taxa in terms of body mass and life style-environmental constraints-locomotor behaviour, selected from a variety of geo-chronological contexts, confirms the potential informative value of such investigative approach in a paleobiomechanical perspective
Vialet, Amélie. "LA FACE SUPÉRIEURE ET MOYENNE DES HOMINIDÉS FOSSILES DEPUIS LE PLÉISTOCÈNE INFÉRIEUR RÉCENT." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412331.
Full textLa majorité des hominidés fossiles d'Europe mais aussi d'Afrique et d'Asie documentant le dernier million d'années d'évolution humaine, dont certains ont été mis au jour récemment tel ATD6 69 (Gran Dolina, Espagne) et Yunxian II (Hubei, Chine), a été considérée dans cette recherche. Ce dernier spécimen, datant du début du Pléistocène moyen, est particulièrement complet mais très déformé. C'est pourquoi, nous avons argumenté une proposition de reconstitution crânienne qui a été mise en forme virtuellement et produit un prototype.
Nous nous sommes concentrés sur les parties supérieure et moyenne de la face de ces hominidés. Pour la première fois, l'intégralité de la cavité orbitaire a été appréhendée tandis que la région zygomatico-maxillaire, particulièrement mise à profit dans une perspective taxinomique, a fait l'objet d'un nouvel examen. Dans le but de conserver l'ensemble des données de ce système osseux, nous avons utilisé de manière complémentaire la morphométrie traditionnelle et la morphométrie géométrique tridimensionnelle. Celle-ci, basée sur des superpositions Procruste et des analyses en composantes principales, permet le traitement global de l'information après une étape d'extraction du paramètre de la taille des individus de l'échantillon qui devient alors une variable indépendante. Dans le cas des fossiles de Yunxian, l'acquisition tomographique a permis, en visualisant l'intérieur des crânes, de préciser l'histoire de leur déformation et de générer une reconstitution de Yunxian II. Ce nouveau support d'étude, plus complet et plus précis, ainsi que la méthodologie mise en oeuvre, ont apporté une contribution certaine aux questions des premiers peuplements de l'Eurasie.
Nos résultats mettent en évidence que les hominidés fossiles considérés présentent deux types de face qui les distinguent à l'échelle spécifique. C'est le développement relatif des os maxillaire et zygomatique et leurs relations topographiques qui diffèrent entre, d'une part, les spécimens de Gran Dolina, Arago 21 et les Néandertaliens du Pléistocène supérieur et, d'autre part, Yunxian II reconstitué, Bodo, Kabwe 1, Atapuerca 405 et Pétralona. Chez ces derniers, une tendance à la conformation faciale de type homme actuel est notable tandis que chez les premiers, l'ensemble du complexe zygomatico-maxillaire est en extension. Nous avons argumenté que l'utilisation des termes Homo heidelbergensis et Homo rhodesiensis est la plus appropriée pour les qualifier respectivement, sachant que le premier induit l'idée d'une ancestralité vis-à-vis des Néandertaliens et le second vis-à-vis de l'homme moderne. Il faut donc envisager, sur la base des données morphométriques de la face, qu'il n'y ait pas en Europe uniquement des hominidés engagés dans le processus de la néandertalisation et que les fossiles tant africains qu'asiatiques et européens aient contribué à l'émergence de l'homme moderne.
Jeusel, Elise. "Evolution et modélisation tridimensionnelle du palais osseux des hominidés fossiles dans la perspective de l’acquisition du langage articulé." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30035.
Full textThe modern articulated language rests on anatomical basis not preserved during fossilization. Only the bony palate is preserved. This work has consisted to study this complex structure anatomically, metrically and three-dimensionally. The studied material is composed of modern Homo sapiens, great apes and fossil hominids skulls. This functional cavity was studied with silicone and a digitizer. Twelve nonmetric palatine traits have been studied. Some show a diachronic evolution from first to more recent hominids. The palate tends to be more complex with a spatial restructuration, and to modernize before the posterior part of the basicranium. That way, a modern-like bony palate exists since Europeans Homo erectus whereas the basicranium has not attained his modern flexion. A palate suited to the production of modern articulated language is set up among these hominids. However, many parameters and physiological functions like cerebral one contribute to the language production ; therefore it is impossible starting from the bony palate to know the moment of the emergence of an articulated language in the fossil hominids
Powell, Vance C. R. "Patterns of Variance and Covariance in Anthropoid Limb Proportions| Implications for Interpreting the Hominin Fossil Record." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10930144.
Full textInterpreting the taxonomic and behavioral implications of variation in the inferred limb proportions of fossil hominin taxa is contingent upon assessing how much variation exists in extant primate taxa and, by extension, how much of that variation is associated differences in their locomotor behaviors. However, the majority of evidence linking limb proportions to behavior in extant primates is based on taxonomically-restricted samples, or on species means as opposed to individual values, or does not account for field observations that capture the complexity of locomotor behavior in a primate taxon (see Napier & Napier, 1967; Fleagle, 1988; see also Preuschoft, 2002). With regards to extinct taxa, the problem is compounded by a necessary reliance on relatively few associated skeletons, most of which are incomplete, or fragmented or both.
This thesis addresses the aforementioned issues using a) multivariate methods to quantify the relationships between limb proportions and behavioral repertoires in extant anthropoids; b) machine-learning methods to select relevant extant models with which to interpret the limb proportions of extinct taxa; and c) resampling methods to evaluate hypotheses regarding major adaptive shifts in inferred locomotor behavior.
Bulygina, E. "A comparative study of frontal bone morphology of Late Pleistocene fossil hominins from the territory of the former Soviet Union." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444562/.
Full textGarcia, Tristan. "Cadres stratigraphique, magnétostratigraphique et géochronologique des hominidés fossiles du site de Dmanissi en Géorgie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0017.
Full textThe site of Dmanisi, Georgia, is a key site for the comprehension of the first settlements in Eurasia. Indeed, several hominid fossils, the oldest known outside of Africa, have been discovered associated with archaic tools and a Villafranchian fauna. These hominids, whose morphological characteristics place them between Homo habilis and Homo erectus, have been named a new species: Homo georgicus. This thesis aims to establish the geochronological and paleoenvironmental framework of the site of Dmanisi. Sedimentological and stratigraphic studies revealed complex and varied deposits, highlighting volcanic levels but also the presence of intrusive tunnels, whose are filled with fluviatile sediments in the stratigraphic sequence. In certain cases, post-depositional transformations which were at times intense due to biological and meteoric actions, were observed there. Several methods of dating were used and compared: The volcanic minerals and glass present in the layer which contains the human mandible (layer VI) gave an average age of 1,81 ± 0,03 Ma according to the 40Ar/39Ar method. The paleomagnetic data show a positive polarity for layer VI and confirms its contemporaneity with the Olduvai episode. Electronic spin resonance (ESR) and U/Th dating on the teeth of large herbivores was carried out with careful to the determination of the paleodose. The results obtained make it possible to show that the application of this method to such old sites is possible and thus to confirm the importance of its potential. This thesis, centred on the geochronological study of the site of Dmanisi, attests to the early presence, at the end of Pliocene, of the genus Homo in Eurasia
Frieß, Martin. "Taille et conformation crânienne chez les Hominidés de la fin du Pléistocène : contributions de la morphométrie géométrique au débat sur l'origine de l'Homme moderne /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37119994j.
Full textLAUDET, CLAUDE GUY. "Evolution biomecanique du cotyle et du bassin chez les hominides fossiles. Une approche theorique et experimentale." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066213.
Full textLizzo, Giulia. "Towards comparative epigenomics in hominids : a study of DNA methylation detection in ancient human and chimp bones." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC180.
Full textEpigenetic modifications are important modulators of gene expression that can be associated to phenotypic changes and used to track the evolution of cis-regulatory elements. Among the different types of epigenetic marker, DNA methylation is conserved over time and can be measured in ancient samples. We aim at performing an in-depth comparative study of the evolution of DNA methylation patterns in mineralized tissues of the hominine lineage. We are thus establishing reference evolutionary methylation maps using post-mortem samples of human and chimpanzee bones up to 110 years old, to ensure that they have experienced sufficient diagenetic transformations to mimic the taphonomic situation encountered in ancient bones. Furthermore, this study includes different types of bones in order to reduce noise due to inter-bone variability. Different methylation mapping approaches were used to identify those best suited to such samples. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (BS) or reduced representation BS (RRBS) are not suitable for ancient samples due to the frequent presence of a vast excess of environmental DNA. We thus explored both high-throughput targeted BS using Bisulfite Patch-PCR, and a methylation-based enrichment method (MBD-seq). Both techniques require adaptations to ancient sample characteristics, including low quantity of endogenous DNA, high environmental DNA contamination and DNA fragmentation. The results obtained illustrate strengths and drawbacks of the chosen strategies for ancient samples
Hosfield, Robert. "The Palaeolithic of the Hampshire basin : a regional model of hominid behaviour during the Middle Pleistocene /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37677231b.
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