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1
Lokovitis, Ilias. "Investigating Construction 4.0 Integration in the Greek AEC Industry : Perceptions and Societal Analysis of the AEC Industry." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297890.
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The Architecture, Engineering & Construction industry (AEC) is considered one of the largest sectors worldwide and complexed due to the complexity and uniqueness of construction projects. In contradiction to other industries, AEC illustrates high fragmentation, resistance to change, and significantly lower adoption rate of new technology solutions than other industries. The highly disruptive nature of the upcoming technological revolution of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in the AEC sector and the need for effective implementation of technological innovations is reified in the concept of Construction 4.0. The technological wave that is expected to arise with the 4IR may subsequently entail both opportunities and threats in technological, organizational, individual, societal and sustainability perspectives. This thesis focuses on two major steps. The first step is the assessment of the AEC industry towards the successful implementation of 4IR in the industry. The second step is dedicated to a horizontal and vertical integration of Construction 4.0 contemplating the social perspective of technology. Qualitative research methods such as literature review and interviews using the PESTELE framework have been applied to gather data that will be analyzed with TOE and Social Construction of Technology Theory (SCOT). This study has realized the necessity to develop a comprehensive approach of the AEC industry based on the societal structure and identified the need for horizontal and vertical assessment of the involved social and professional groups.<br>Arkitektur, teknik, och byggindustrin (AEC) anses vara en av de största sektorerna världen över och komplexa på grund av byggprojektens komplexitet och unikhet. I motsats till andra industrier illustrerar AEC hög fragmentering, motståndskraft mot förändringar och betydligt lägre antagande av nya teknologilösningar än andra industrier. Den mycket störande karaktären hos den kommande tekniska revolutionen i den fjärde industriella revolutionen (4IR) i AEC sektorn och behovet av ett effektivt genomförande av tekniska innovationer förnyas i begreppet Construction 4.0. Den tekniska vågen som förväntas uppstå med 4IR kan därefter innebära både möjligheter och hot i tekniska, organisatoriska, individuella, samhälleliga och hållbarhetsperspektiv. Denna avhandling fokuserar på två huvudsteg. Det första steget är bedömningen av AEC-industrin mot ett framgångsrikt genomförande av 4IR i branschen. Det andra steget är tillägnad en horisontell och vertikal integration av Construction 4.0 som överväger teknikens sociala perspektiv. Kvalitativa forskningsmetoder som litteraturgranskning och intervjuer med PESTELE ramverket har tillämpats för att samla in data som kommer att analyseras med TOE och Social Construction of Technology Theory (SCOT). Denna studie har insett behovet av att utveckla ett omfattande tillvägagångssätt för AEC-industrin baserat på samhällsstrukturen och identifierat behovet av horisontell och vertikal bedömning av de involverade sociala och yrkesgrupperna.
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Goldschmidt, Kyle. "The fourth industrial revolution and human capital development." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62483.
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The focus of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been on its implications on Human Capital and its need to develop “21st-Century Skills" through education to ensure future labour and capital complementarity. Human Capital combined with 21st-Century Skills, it is claimed, can together generate economic growth, jobs and propel an economy into the next Industrial Revolution. However, Schwab’s (2016) concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, make no distinction between the Average Worker and the Knowledge Elite and their relationship to each other and successful economic growth. The different nature of these skills is absent in the literature to date. A critical analysis of literature will be used to examine Schwab’s (2016) claim of a Fourth Industrial Revolution and assess how the Average Worker and the Knowledge Elite relate to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and 21st-Century Skills. The evidence is provided on how both the Average Worker and the Knowledge Elite are key contributors to economic growth and will be important in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
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PESSINA, GIANMARIA LUIGI. "INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS AND THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, RECENT CHANGES AND THE INDUSTRY 4.0 CHALLENGE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/901444.
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Industrial districts represent the past and the future of the Italian production landscape. Nowadays, they are one of the few examples of economic dynamism in extra-urban areas. In recent years, these socioeconomic agglomerations have been facing huge challenges, including international competition, financial crises and servitization of the manufacturing industry. However, it is the technological change of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that represents the greatest challenge and at the same time, the greatest opportunity for industrial districts. Thus, observing how these places are facing this technological revolution is of particular interest. This thesis is based on a mix-method approach and is organised into six main chapters. Chapter 1 is dedicated to describing the theoretical backgrounds at the base of local development studies, focusing particularly on endogenous factors. More precisely, this chapter is divided into three sections. Firstly, we discuss the notion of economic embeddedness. Secondly, we provide an outline of the so-called local development ‘Italian school’ centred on the industrial district concept. Finally, we present a more recent contribution to the field from the emerging approach of new evolutionary economic geography. Chapter 2 is based on descriptive analyses aiming to grasp the current role of industrial districts in the Italian economy and how they have changed in recent years. Chapter 3 introduces the theoretical notion of territorial manufacturing servitization and tests the hypothesis connected to it, alongside the ones that emerged in the first chapter, through a multilevel regression. Chapter 4 is more theoretical; it presents a detailed discussion of the Industry 4.0 concept and reflects on the relationship between technological changes, economic organisation and places. Chapter 5 empirically investigates the sectorial and territorial articulation of the Italian 4.0 policy by using an original dataset. It also performs a quantitative counterfactual analysis to understand if industrial district firms show a higher propensity in adopting 4.0 technologies. Lastly, Chapter 6 utilises qualitative methods to compare two metalworking industrial districts. These last empirical steps allow for investigating the hypothesis that emerged in the previous chapter and the role of local governances in fostering Industry 4.0 adoption.
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Lari, Michele <1993>. "The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Industry 4.0 and Made in China 2025." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14185.
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The thesis will focus on the development of the concept of Industry 4.0, especially in Germany, the first-mover country, and China, the most intriguing and peculiar example of how the definition of Industry 4.0 can be revised and modified.
The subject of this work is extremely important and critical, particularly due to the extreme growth that China and China manufacturing industry have had in the last years.
Understand what are the plans (mainly Made in China 2025, also called MIC 2025), what the perspectives (chinese investments, acquisitions of companies all over the world, efforts in the strengthen of laws and regulations..) and focus on the road and the path of adoption of these national plans can give us a better comprehension of the fast expansion of this oversized country called China.
The parallelism and the differences with Germany economy, and German “Industry 4.0 program” development plan, is the core of the thesis and will give us the chance to better understand what is the actual situation in both the countries, and if and why we must(or not) take care of this global phenomena.
In the first chapter a general view over historical facts (the previous industrial revolutions), the discussion over the main pillars, the globally most approved definitions of Industry 4.0, the enablers, the preconditions, the benefits and the challenges, and especially over the drivers of this transformation are given.
A quick analysis on the German “Industry 4.0 Program” and a deeper examination of the theorization and the application of the “same” concept in China, following the national plan called Made in China 2025, will take place in the second and in the third part of the research.
Analyze the differences, the common features, the different background and the different path of adoption will be the main focus of this research.
In conclusion the work will be completed with few concrete examples of the theories studied in this thesis, and a little room will also be given to the direct experience that the author has had in China during his academic stage for an Italian company.
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Gianolli, Francesca <1995>. "The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the future developments in the automotive industry." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17510.
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After a brief description of the concept of technological innovation, the types and patterns that these innovations follow over time, we will review the most important events that have been driven by the development of some breakthrough innovations: the industrial revolutions.
Subsequently, the main historical events of the first three industrial revolutions will be analysed, going then to focus on the concept of industrial revolution, which are the aspects that determine it and which are the characteristics of the innovations (products and processes) that have led to the development of these phenomena. For this reason, the concept of General Purpose Technology (GPT) will be introduced.
With this background, we will try to define whether the innovations that we are witnessing today can really represent the trigger of a new industrial revolution, already known as Industry 4.0, and the effects that could derive from it.
We will deepen the analysis of this new phenomenon focusing on an industry that heavily depend on technological innovation in every aspect from the production process to the final product: the automotive industry. We will concentrate on the current developments this sector is facing given the most recent technologies.
Finally, analysing a patent database of innovations that according to EPO’s directives can be classified as 4IR’s technologies, we will try to find out how the innovative landscape of the automotive industry is evolving, which are the potential new entrants in the market and which are the main trends of future innovation in this field.
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk, Ірина Борисівна Дегтярьова, Ирина Борисовна Дегтярева, and Iryna Borysivna Dehtiarova. "Innovation Vectors of Greening Economy in Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions." Thesis, Riga Technical University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66683.
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Абстрактний аналіз, що забезпечує елементи формування зеленої економіки, а також представляє роль третьої та четвертої промислових революцій у цьому процесі. Це відображає соціально-економічні перетворення, спрямовані на формування децентралізованого виробництва відновних джерел енергії. Вона також зосереджується на трансформації економічної системи для сталого розвитку, яка відбувається через дематеріалізацію використання енергії та матеріалів та потоків, озеленення економіки та, як наслідок, зменшення людського сліду в умовах третьої та четвертої промислової революції.<br>Абстрактные анализы, обеспечивающие элементы формирования зеленой экономики, а также представляют роль Третьей и Четвертой промышленных революций в этом процессе. Он отражает социально-экономические преобразования, направленные на формирование децентрализованного производства возобновляемой энергии. Он также фокусируется на преобразовании экономической системы для устойчивого развития, которое происходит за счет дематериализации использования энергии и материалов и потоков, озеленения экономики и, как следствие, сокращения человеческого следа в условиях третьей и четвертой промышленных революций.<br>The abstract analyses providing elements for forming green economy as well as presents the role of the Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions in this process. It reflects the socio-economic transformations targeted at the formation of decentralized renewable energy production. It also focuses on economic system transformation for sustainable development, which occur through dematerialization of energy and material usage and flows, greening the economy and as a result reduction of human footprint in conditions of Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions.
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Calabrese, Francesca <1992>. "Integrating Machine Learning Paradigms for Predictive Maintenance in the Fourth Industrial Revolution era." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10133/1/Tesi_CalabreseFrancesca.pdf.
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In the last decade, manufacturing companies have been facing two significant challenges. First, digitalization imposes adopting Industry 4.0 technologies and allows creating smart, connected, self-aware, and self-predictive factories. Second, the attention on sustainability imposes to evaluate and reduce the impact of the implemented solutions from economic and social points of view. In manufacturing companies, the maintenance of physical assets assumes a critical role. Increasing the reliability and the availability of production systems leads to the minimization of systems’ downtimes; In addition, the proper system functioning avoids production wastes and potentially catastrophic accidents. Digitalization and new ICT technologies have assumed a relevant role in maintenance strategies. They allow assessing the health condition of machinery at any point in time. Moreover, they allow predicting the future behavior of machinery so that maintenance interventions can be planned, and the useful life of components can be exploited until the time instant before their fault.
This dissertation provides insights on Predictive Maintenance goals and tools in Industry 4.0 and proposes a novel data acquisition, processing, sharing, and storage framework that addresses typical issues machine producers and users encounter. The research elaborates on two research questions that narrow down the potential approaches to data acquisition, processing, and analysis for fault diagnostics in evolving environments. The research activity is developed according to a research framework, where the research questions are addressed by research levers that are explored according to research topics. Each topic requires a specific set of methods and approaches; however, the overarching methodological approach presented in this dissertation includes three fundamental aspects: the maximization of the quality level of input data, the use of Machine Learning methods for data analysis, and the use of case studies deriving from both controlled environments (laboratory) and real-world instances.
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Perri, Liam <1991>. "Precariat and Free Labour: Work at the time of the Fourth Industrial Revolution." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11515.
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Volatile, incerto, complesso ed ambiguo è il mondo che ci circonda oggi, soprattutto a livello socioeconomico; l'innovazione tecnologica che a grandi passi sta introducendo il supporto della robotica in sempre più settori dell'operato umano non fa altro che corroborare la teoria che il "technological unemployment" ossia la disoccupazione causata dal progresso tecnologico sia il peggior nemico del lavoratore o neo-lavoratore di oggi. Questo scritto, col supporto di autori come Thomas Piketty, Joseph Stiglitz, Erik Brjniolfsson, Martin Ford, Guy Standing, Naomi Klein e molti altri si impegna a sfatare il mito della disoccupazione causata dal progresso. Evidenziando come a modellare l'universo lavorativo e di seguito anche le società di oggi siano presenti forze concomitanti al progresso tecnologico e altrettanto potenti, come la globalizzazione e la finanza rapace inserite nei sistemi economici mondiali, il testo suggerisce in chiusura una serie di iniziative utili e radicali per risolvere il problema della disoccupazione che opprime il mondo di oggi. Fa da intermezzo il caso studio del nascente settore della "Gig Economy", attività di lucro basata sul mondo delle "App", che sempre più segue le logiche nocive delle economie moderne.
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Wiese, Melandri. "An expository review of robot tax in the era of the fourth industrial revolution." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80426.
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Background: The looming Fourth Industrial revolution unveils advanced technology, such
as robots which will reshape the workforce completely, resulting in a depletion of tax
revenue, since they are currently not being taxed. Various scholars and tax-industry experts
have proposed taxing the robots, in order to curb this phenomenon.
Main purpose of study: The primary objective of this study is to determine whether the
notion of imposing tax on robots is feasible. In order to address this research objective, it
was imperative to determine what has previously been published on robot tax, as well as
the current understanding thereof.
Method: Academic articles, including industry reports and working papers on scholarly
databases such as Google Scholar, EbscoHost and ProQuest were utilised in performing a
systematic review on robot tax. A total of seventy publications were found on the scholarly
databases, after which the search criteria were applied, in order to screen the publications.
Of the seventy publications, only thirty-three publications were selected for the systematic
review. Results: After analysing the publications, it was evident that robot tax is a complex issue
with the majority of the authors proposing that some form of direct tax should be levied on
the robots.
Conclusions: It is evident that more research and debate are needed, in order to fully
comprehend the extent and complexity of this topic. Subsequently, experts should then be
able to suggest plausible solutions to curb revenue loss, without discouraging innovation
and automation.<br>Mini Dissertation (MCom (Taxation))--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Taxation<br>MCom (Taxation)<br>Unrestricted
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Selebogo, Remofilwe. "The impact of digitalisation on tax revenue in the fourth industrial revolution : a systematised review." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80514.
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Background: Digitalisation has evolved around the world, as such resulting in the use of computer-generated systems as opposed to making use of human capital. The fourth industrial revolution has introduced the use of artificial intelligence, robotics, and machine learning. It is established that, where the computerised systems, such as robots replace human workers, the government may lose large amounts of income as personal income tax is a high revenue contributor for governments. As a result of the many technological advancements being explored, it is crucial that the tax systems are updated to accommodate the changes which may be experienced in the market.
Main purpose of study: The main purpose of this study is to understand and explore the impact digitalisation has on tax revenue where the digitalised revolution is being explored. In this regard, the current study systematically analyses existing published literature relating to the impact of digitalisation on tax revenue in the fourth industrial revolution.
Method: The current study is based on the interpretation and analysis of existing literature gathered from credible academic journals. The research method followed in this study is a qualitative research method which follows a systematic review.
Results: After analysing the publications, it is noted that digitalisation and tax is a complex issue with the majority of the authors concluding that the fourth industrial revolution has
resulted in automation having a huge influence not only on the unemployment rate but also on the economy of countries.
Conclusions: The study indicates that technological advancements may result in high unemployment as human workers are replaced by computer-generated systems. As individuals are the main revenue contributors for the government, tax authorities might have to explore the introduction of a tax on the technological advancements to make up for the loss to the fiscus.<br>Mini Dissertation (MCom (Taxation))--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Taxation<br>MCom (Taxation)<br>Unrestricted
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Mhaka, Sikhanyiso. "Perceptions on the fourth Industrial revolution and agricultural economics - the case of the University of Pretoria alumni." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77850.
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Tertiary education is servicing a rapidly changing labour market which is driven by the digital revolution. Big data is prefigured as the raw material of the digital revolution and its resulting concepts such as automation and artificial intelligence, blockchain technology and robotics which are reshaping the nature of the workforce in every sector of the economy. The digital revolution concepts are increasingly assumed that it will augment human abilities by assisting human beings to reduce tedious and monotonous tasks, thereby allowing human beings to spend more time on creative endeavours. On the other hand, the same innovations will result in job losses. This set of circumstances warrants a tracer study into assessing if the programme supply is speaking to market demand so as to advise curriculum review. The impact that big data, automation and artificial intelligence, blockchain technology and robotics have on the agricultural economics profession is not yet known and more so how much of it are the graduates exposed to in their current jobs. This study, therefore, provided some insight into the impacts of some of the digital revolution concepts by capturing the perceptions of the University of Pretoria alumni. Out of a total of 165 graduates, from an undergraduate programme in Agricultural Economics at the University of Pretoria, 50 respondents completed the on-line questionnaire.
The results obtained indicated that a large proportion of the graduates, 82%, are gainfully employed with the majority employed in the agriculture and food sector. The graduates are proficient with most of the skills expected of agricultural economists but that they needed improvements in computer programming skills, advanced IT and analytical skills which are rendered as very essential skills for the digital revolution labour market. To determine the familiarity of the graduates with general concepts related to the digital revolution, their familiarity score was calculated. The scores ranged from 13 to 23, and the average score was 17.5 which was more skewed towards the low familiarity. Using familiarity as a proxy for the adoption of new technologies, the results suggested that the graduates are not adept at using new digital technologies hence negatively affecting their adoption. To identify the key determinants of propensity to adopt to new digital technologies, years of experience and undergraduate academic performance were considered. Neither academic performance nor years of professional experience were statistically significant in explaining the propensity to adopt new technologies. Having established that none of the variables of interest was statistically significant and could be used to determine the graduates’ aptitude to adopt new technologies, the graduates’ perceived impacts were considered. The graduates perceive an increased prevalence of automation, big data, artificial intelligence, robotics and blockchain technologies in their current jobs as years ensue. The popular impact perceived as a result of the application of robotics and artificial intelligence is employment loss. Big data and automation are commonly perceived to result in making work easier. Application of blockchain technology is perceived as having no impact on the nature of jobs by most of the graduates.<br>Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development<br>MSc (Agric)<br>Unrestricted
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Dalenogare, Lucas Santos. "A indústria 4.0 no Brasil : um estudo dos benefícios esperados e tecnologias habilitadoras." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185799.
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A Indústria 4.0 surge com o objetivo de desenvolver fábricas inteligentes, com alto grau de autonomia e flexibilidade, através da adoção de tecnologias digitais de forma integrada nas empresas e suas cadeias de valor. Ao mesmo tempo, a Indústria 4.0 promove benefícios que vão além da performance operacional, como o desenvolvimento de novas ofertas e novos modelos de negócios para as empresas. A Indústria 4.0 é originada na Alemanha, país com alta performance tecnológica, e rapidamente inspira outras iniciativas no mundo inteiro, inclusive em países emergentes como o Brasil. Estes países possuem maiores barreiras para a adoção das tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito, principalmente devido à atual situação tecnológica dos seus parques industriais. Embora a Indústria 4.0 seja um tema crescente na literatura, ainda existem grandes lacunas de estudo sobre a adoção de tecnologias relacionadas ao conceito no contexto de países emergentes, principalmente por se tratar de uma iniciativa recente. Logo, o objetivo desta dissertação é estudar o conceito da Indústria 4.0 no Brasil, de forma a entender quais são os benefícios do conceito para a performance industrial e as tecnologias habilitadoras. O trabalho tem uma abordagem quantitativa, com análises estatísticas aplicadas em dados de pesquisas surveys conduzidas em nível nacional. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: (i) identificação da relação entre as tecnologias e os benefícios esperados do conceito, (ii) identificação de disparidades entre a percepção industrial brasileira e a literatura sobre os benefícios da Indústria 4.0, (iii) identificação da abrangência do conceito da Indústria 4.0, compreendendo elementos que transcendem a manufatura avançada, e (iv) identificação de tecnologias habilitadoras para a implantação do conceito. Sob a perspectiva acadêmica, esta dissertação traz importantes contribuições para o entendimento do conceito e das tecnologias da Indústria 4.0, assim como o impacto destas na performance industrial. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados auxiliam na compreensão de um tema de alta relevância empresarial, contribuindo com perspectivas para a diretriz estratégica das empresas à Indústria 4.0.<br>Industry 4.0 arises with the goal to develop smart factories, with advanced autonomy and flexibility, through the adoption of digital technologies in an integrated manner in companies and in their value chains. The Industry 4.0enables benefits beyond operational performance, as the development of new offerings and new business models for companies. Industry 4.0 was developed in Germany, a country with high technological performance, and quickly inspires other initiatives in the whole world, in developed and emergent countries such as Brazil. These countries face major barriers for the adoption of technologies related to the concept, mainly due to the current technological level of their industrial sites. Even though Industry 4.0 is a growing field in literature, there are still considerable gaps of studies about the adoption of technologies related to the concept in the context of emergent countries, mostly due to its novelty. Therefore, this dissertation aims to study the concept of Industry 4.0 in Brazil, in order to understand its benefits for industrial performance and its enabling technologies. This study has a quantitative approach, with statistical analysis of data from national surveys. The main outcomes obtained were: (i) the identification of a relation between technologies and the expected benefits of the concept, (ii) the identification of disparities between Brazilian industrial perception and the literature about Industry 4.0 benefits, (iii) the identification of a wide scope of Industry 4.0 concept, comprising elements that transcends smart manufacturing, and (iv) the identification of enabling technologies for the implementation of the concept. Under academic perspective, this dissertation brings important contributions to understand the Industry 4.0 concept and technologies, and its impact on industrial performance. As practical contributions, the results contribute for the understandings of a high relevant theme for companies, contributing with perspectives for their strategical orientation towards Industry 4.0.
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Pienaar, Yandri. "Preparing for the fourth industrial revolution: Investigating the relationship between leadership 4.0, innovative management practices and organisational performance capabilities." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32921.
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Background It is believed that the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) will bring about unprecedented change to the world, ultimately having such a deep impact that some argue it may change human life at its core. It is believed that many organisations will not survive the radical disruption that will ensue. On the contrary, some authors have argued that the 4IR will bring about many benefits and opportunities for organisations, as with previous revolutions, provided it is managed effectively by business leaders. Rationale for the research study There is a growing consensus that existing leadership styles and management practices may not be suitable for organisational performance for the 4IR. It has, therefore, been suggested that different theories, models or approaches to leadership will be required if organisations are to remain competitive and sustainably successful in a business context that will look very different to what leaders have been accustomed to. It is argued here that Leadership 4.0 and innovative management practices, may have merit in this context. Aim of the study This present study was an exploratory attempt to investigate the relationship between Leadership 4.0, innovative management practices and organisational performance capabilities for the 4IR. For the purposes of this study, 1) a range of leadership theories/models/approaches/styles, including Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership and Leadership 4.0; 2) innovative management practices, including human resource management, organising and information sharing, risk management and stakeholder management as they compare to the old and new economy; and 3) organisational performance capabilities, including human capital, digital risk management and business model value creation were investigated. Research Design, Sampling and realised sample An exploratory research design was followed, utilising a mixed method approach. A crosssectional approach was taken to data collection, with a composite questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study utilised to collect data. A realised sample of n=61 respondents, mainly 4 from local, privately owned, knowledge-intensive organisations was obtained using a convenience sampling approach. Statistical analyses Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were utilised to estimate the relationships among the abovementioned constructs. Mediation analyses utilising the PROCESS macro was employed to test whether the relationship between Leadership 4.0 and organisational performance capabilities was mediated through innovative management practices. Results Statistically significant positive relationships were found between Leadership 4.0, Innovative Management Practices and Organisational Performance Capabilities. A regression model indicated that Leadership styles statistically significantly predicted the most variance in Organisational Performance Capabilities. Results further determined that Transactional Leadership explained a unique variance in risk management and digital risk management. Lastly, the test for mediation indicated that innovative management practices partially mediated the relationship between Leadership 4.0 and organisational performance capabilities. Findings: Findings from the results supported various discussions and studies in the literature and in practice that leadership, specifically Leadership 4.0, is an important element to navigating the uncertainties and challenges presented by the 4IR. Further evidence was also found in support of contingent leadership theories. Managerial Implications The findings of the present research study holds a practical implication for organisations in that the findings support the literature suggesting that leadership is a key element in organisational performance capabilities, specifically for survival and sustainability for the 4IR. The findings further contributes to a growing body of knowledge surrounding the 4IR, leadership, innovative management practices and organisational performance fields of research.
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk, et al. "The Use of Legislative and Socio-Economic Mechanisms for Business Development in the Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions: The EU Experience." Thesis, EBES Istanbul - Turkey, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75228.
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The EU experience shows the best legislative and socio-economic mechanisms to ensure the Third (T.i.r.) and Fourth Industrial Revolutions (F.i.r.). There are three major groups of instruments used to ensure the T.i.r. and F.i.r. goals in the EU countries: hard law - orders and directives, prohibitions, restrictions or licensing procedures; economic instruments (market-oriented laws) - green taxation, environmental payments, certificates (trade permits) or liability, green subsidies and promotion schemes, as well as disclosure of subsidies that are harmful to the environment (for example, subsidizing fossil fuel prices); soft law - information, management systems, exchanges of experience or binding agreements between government agencies and private business associations (“green" agreements or unions).
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Johnsson, Pucic Antonio, and Patrik Mott. "Artificiell intelligens påverkan : En omstrukturering av den digitala aspekten av byggbranschen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413014.
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Digitalization is taking place at a high rate and is being implemented to a large extent in society, however, the construction industry is showing a digital degree of development that cannot be compared with other technically dependent industries. The construction industry generates large amounts of money and produces a long construction process that also produces high costs and has an impact on the environment. Therefore, there is a need to analyze and investigate how the digital aids that come with an increased degree of digitalization can make the construction industry more efficient. The efficiency improvements are specified in, among other things, the advent of AI and its potential in the construction industry, as well as the opportunities and challenges that the construction industry faces when implementing a digital development. The study is based on a comparison between a literature study and an interview study that covers issues that deal with the digital implementation carried out by the various organizations and companies as well as the future potential that comes with their initiatives. It has emerged that there is a general benefit in conducting digitalization at an organizational level. Whether the newly developed digital funds can be implemented is questioned, considering that there is a complex relationship between the subcontractors and the clients. The services and the way of execution offered by the subcontractors require investments to implement digital means and thus increase the degree of digitalization. The larger parties have the power and economic potential to increase the degree of digitization within the organization or company where the smaller parties must relate to this development. The uneven digitalization degree is made visible today as the power for pricing the procurement lies with the subcontractors in the regionally priced services that have not undergone further digital development. To turn more money into the construction industry, the industry needs to achieve a global competitive procurement as well as the manufacturing industry. For the smaller parties to be able to distinguish their way of working, a unique implementation of digital means is needed and thus be able to relate to the larger parties. What is needed to be able to offer digital services that will be desired in the future.<br>Digitaliseringen pågår i hög takt och implementeras i samhället i stor grad, dock påvisar byggbranschen en digital utvecklingsgrad som inte kan jämställas med andra tekniskt beroende branscher. Byggbranschen omsätter stora mängder pengar och producerar en lång byggprocess som likaså producerar stora kostnader och har en inverkan på miljön. Det finns därför ett behov av att analysera och utreda hur de digitala hjälpmedlen som tillkommer vid en ökad digitaliseringsgrad kan effektivisera byggbranschen. Effektiviseringen preciseras i bland annat AI:s tillkomst och dess potential inom byggbranschen samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som byggbranschen ställs inför vid utförandet av en digital utveckling. Studien grundas i en jämförelse mellan en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie som omfattar frågor som behandlar den digitala implementering som de olika organisationerna och företagen har bedrivit samt den framtida potential som tillkommer med deras initiativ. Det har framkommit att det finns en allmän nytta i att bedriva en digitalisering på en organisationsnivå. Huruvida de nyligen framtagna digitala medlen kan implementeras ifrågasätts, menat att det finns en komplex relation mellan de upphandlande underentreprenörerna och beställarna. De erbjudna tjänsterna och utförandesättet som underentreprenörerna erbjuder kräver investeringar för att implementera digitala medel och därmed öka digitaliseringsgraden. De större aktörerna har makten och den ekonomiska potentialen för att öka digitaliseringsgraden inom organisationen eller företaget där de mindre aktörerna måste förhålla sig till denna utveckling. Den ojämna digitaliseringsgraden synliggörs idag då makten för prissättningen av upphandlingen ligger hos underentreprenörerna i de regionalt prissatta tjänsterna som inte undergått en vidare digital utveckling. För att omsätta mer pengar i byggbranschen behöver branschen uppnå en globalt konkurrensmässig upphandling liksom tillverkningsindustrin, vilket anses tillkomma med en mer produktbaserad upphandling. För att de mindre aktörerna ska kunna särskilja sitt arbetssätt krävs en unik implementering av digitala medel och på sätt kunna förhålla sig till de större aktörerna, vilket behövs för att kunna erbjuda digitala tjänster som kommer vara eftertraktade i framtiden.
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Mungai, Kinyanjui. "The economic impact of FinTech in the South African banking industry: A case of digital disruption." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6977.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>The Fourth Industrial Revolution has provided new opportunities to tackle problems in health, education, transport and many other sectors. In the financial sector, new financial technology (FinTech) is providing new ways of tackling the problem of financial exclusion. The uptake of cell phones has enabled financial service providers (FSPs) to expand into areas where the most vulnerable have hitherto been outside the reach of the banking agency model. This has ultimately allowed previously financially excluded individuals to have access to bank accounts. Through SMACT (Social Media, Mobile, Analytics, Cloud and the Internet of Things) technologies, FSPs are able to collect new types of data such as call detail record data and mobile app data which have been leveraged globally to enable the emergence of M-Pesa in Kenya, the WeChat payments module in China and KakaoBank, South Korea’s first online-only bank. The common thread in these innovations is that these are telecommunications company-led business models that have encroached into the area of finance. Such digital disruption has happened in South Africa but little is understood about how inclusive digital financial services are in the South African context. Moreover, what are the barriers to further financial inclusion, given that South Africa has significantly high bank account uptake rates? What role can the Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies have in breaking those barriers and reaching the lower-income population that has largely been mis-sold financial products that were created for the middle to upper-income population? This study sought to investigate how the diffusion of SMACT technology has contributed to financial inclusion in the South African financial services sector. The study made use of a mixed methods approach to answer this research question. Finscope data from 2012 to 2015 was used as the data source for the quantitative section and key informant interviews as the source of data for the qualitative section. The study found that roughly 80% of adults in South Africa are financially included through formal banks. Despite the near 100% uptake rates of cell phones across all income groups, proximity to an ATM or bank branch still significantly determined whether an individual accessed formal financial services. The study also found that ATM withdrawal, store withdrawal and internet banking were infrequently utilised by lower-income adults. In terms of internet banking and digital financial services in general, financial products, especially digital credit, do not appear to be well aligned with the needs of the lower-income consumer. The mismatch of financial products and the needs of lower-income consumers is further worsened by poor financial literacy levels in South Africa, especially among lower-income consumers. The study concludes that more needs to be done to increase economic inclusion, digital inclusion and financial inclusion for the lower-income population in South Africa. While consumer protection and transparency are well covered in the regulatory and legislative framework to which FSPs by and large adhere, a more inclusive and sustainable financial sector will only exist if product fit, affordability, financial literacy and convenience issues are addressed. This should happen in an enabling environment where ICT infrastructure benefits all, interoperability of digital financial services is reached and a regulatory framework more focused on financial inclusion is in place.<br>2021-08-01
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Wessels, Carina Helena. "To IOT or not IOT : a critical analysis of the key legal considerations applicable in internet of things of implementations in the mining industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60113.
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The research introduces the fourth industrial revolution philosophically, exploring the application of innovation and automation in broad terms and the Internet of Things (IoT) specifically within the mining industry. It explains the business and societal motivation for such interventions, highlighting some of the key benefits. It further explores the inadvertent risks, some of which have already manifested in mining applications and others which can be inferred from other industrial and social applications.
A critical analysis is conducted of the application of the South African Mine Health and Safety Act and Regulations on such applications in the mining environment, as well as considering key other pieces of South African legislation. A comparative analysis with Australian legislation confirms that Western Australia has recognised the need for regulation and have started regulating, primarily mining automation, at least. Through these analyses it is established that a legislative vacuum exists, despite the general application of many requirements in relation to safety considerations during the utilisation of IoT applications.
The paper concludes by recommending collaboration between the Department of Mineral Resources and the Chamber of Mines to seek ways to lead legislative and regulatory developments in this space in order to enable the sustainability of the South African mining industry. In particular, the research suggests the emphasis should be to legally encourage and permit the implementation of IoT solutions in the mining industry in as many instances as reasonably possible, whilst consecutively addressing the new and emerging risks created through such.<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Public Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk та ін. "Сестейновий розвиток урбанізованих територій в умовах третьої та четвертої промислових революцій: досвід ЄС". Thesis, Харківський національний університет міського господарства ім. О.М. Бекетова, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/74872.
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Сестейновий розвиток урбанізованих територій в контексті забезпечення цілей сестейнового розвитку (sustainable development goals) в умовах Третьої та Четвертої промислових революцій – це спроба усвідомлення природних кругообігів і узгодження своєї діяльності з природними циклами, що дозволяє прогнозувати і регулювати наслідки діяльності людини, створення сестейнових систем її проживання. Сучасні урбанізовані території – це, перш за все, території, на яких виробнича діяльність узгоджується з природними процесами і турботливим ставленням до природи.
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Jaskulski, Leandro. "Método de diagnóstico e implantação processual dos elementos da indústria 4.0 no setor metalmecânico brasileiro." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7148.
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-20<br>Nenhuma<br>Esta dissertação trata da aplicação dos elementos da Indústria 4.0, na realidade do setor industrial metalmecânico brasileiro de 2018. O conceito da Indústria 4.0 foi elaborado objetivando a melhoria de produtividade e da qualidade através da aplicação de recursos digitais, economicamente viáveis nos sistemas empresariais. O Brasil, que neste momento passa por um processo de desindustrialização, pode abordar esta nova realidade de duas formas: abrir mão desta nova tendência, de maneira passiva, devido a sua condição econômica e estrutural; ou, por outro lado, ativamente adaptar os recursos viáveis de maneira a coletar o melhor retorno sobre investimento da digitalização na indústria.
A metodologia utilizada para realização do trabalho foi a Design Science Reseach. Na busca do equacionamento do problema de pesquisa, criou-se um método para realizar um diagnóstico da situação atual da empresa estudada, e formatar um plano de implementação dos elementos da Indústria 4.0 viáveis, que priorize os melhores retornos sobre investimento na condição situacional, levando-se em conta o atual ambiente interno e externo da fábrica estudada. Para construção da proposta inicial do método, versão M0, foi feito um amplo levantamento bibliográfico. Uma vez sugerido, o M0 foi ajustado utilizando-se de especialistas em um grupo focal, gerando o método a ser aplicado em uma empresa pertencente à indústria metalmecânica brasileira. Ao final da aplicação M0, foi elaborado um plano de implementação processual dos elementos da Indústria 4.0 adaptado a realidade da empresa em questão. Realizou-se então uma avaliação crítica desta aplicação, para medir a validade do Modelo e seus pontos de melhoria, visando enriquecer e gerar uma versão final intitulada de M1.<br>This master thesis presents the application of Industry 4.0 elements into 2018 reality of Brazilian metalworking industry. Industry 4.0 concept was created targeting productivity and quality improvements, through digital resources, economically feasible in corporate systems. Brazil, that is under a deindustrialization process, can face this new reality in two ways: given up of new tendency, being passive due to its economic and structural condition; or, by the other hand, adapting in an active way its feasible resources, to collect the digital best return on investments in the industry. The methodology applied was the Design Science Research. To answer the research problem, a diagnosis and implementation plan method were arranged, to apply viable Industry 4.0 elements, prioritizing the best return of investments of factual internal and external ambient of situated factory. To build up the M0 version method, it was made a wide bibliographic study. Once suggested, M0 was adjusted by specialists into a focal group generating the method to be applied into a Brazilian metalworking industry company. By the end of M0 application, a processual action plan was raised, shaped to the studied company atmosphere. Then, an evaluation analysis of this application was made, to validate the model and its improvement points, to generate a final version termed M1.
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Kadak, Zeinab Suleman. "Os impactos da evolução demográfica e tecnológica sobre o emprego na Europa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16676.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas Públicas<br>A demografia é considerada um dos fatores preponderantes para o desenvolvimento económico. No entanto, ao longo dos anos, tem-se verificado uma tendência decrescente na evolução dos números da população nos países mais desenvolvidos. Os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos vêm tentar compensar esta quebra, na medida em que a automação pode fornecer o incremento de produtividade necessário para atender às projeções de crescimento económico que, de outra forma, dificilmente se conseguiriam alcançar. Todavia, surgem algumas dúvidas em relação ao impacto do progresso tecnológico no mercado de trabalho. Vários autores apresentam diferentes hipóteses e interpretações em relação ao futuro dos países da Europa. A redução tendencial da população em idade de trabalhar e o envelhecimento são realidades às quais temos a certeza de que estaremos subordinados. O estímulo ao progresso tecnológico torna-se assim relevante, nomeadamente no âmbito das tecnologias de substituição no trabalho. Mas não se sabe até que ponto este progresso pode colocar em causa o emprego da maioria da população. A maior formação e aprendizagem são entendidas como as caraterísticas mais requeridas nos empregos futuros e, como tal, menos propensos a serem automatizados. Os governos terão um importante contributo para que a transição seja feita da forma mais eficiente, e para garantir que os trabalhadores estejam preparados para enfrentar um ambiente em constante mudança e rico em tecnologia.<br>Demography is considered one of the most important factors for economic development. However, over the years, there has been a downward trend in the evolution of population numbers in more developed countries. Technological developments come to try to compensate for this decline insofar as automation can provide the productivity increase needed to meet projections of economic growth that otherwise could hardly be achieved. Nevertheless, some doubts arise regarding the impact of technological progress on the labor market. Several authors present different assumptions and interpretations regarding the economic future of the European countries. The expected reduction of the working-age population and aging are realities that will surely happen. The stimulation of technological progress thus becomes relevant, particularly in the context of technologies that will substitute work. But it is not known to what extent this progress can jeopardize the employment from the majority of the population. More training and learning are understood as the most required characteristics to the future jobs and less likely to be automated. Governments will also have an important contribution to do the transition more efficiently and to ensure that workers are prepared to face a changing and technologically rich environment.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Gandra, Nuno. "A inteligência artificial na 4ª revolução industrial e os desafios à global governance." Master's thesis, Academia da Força Aérea, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/39750.
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A Inteligência Artificial tornou-se no novo motor da quarta revolução industrial para o desenvolvimento económico e social, trazendo oportunidades relevantes em domínios como a medicina e saúde, educação, transporte, sustentabilidade ambiental, entre outros. Os riscos, no entanto, também se apresentam, como potencialmente perigosos por se tratar de uma tecnologia disruptiva capaz de afetar os governos, a segurança económica, a estabilidade social e até a global governance; podendo contribuir para gerar alterações na estrutura do emprego, condicionar a lei e a ética social, violar a privacidade pessoal, desafiar as relações internacionais, de entre outras influências possíveis.
A Inteligência Artificial promete contribuir para remodelar muito significativamente a ordem global, tal como a conhecemos, sobretudo desde o final da Guerra Fria. Considerando que a competição entre os sistemas político-sociais comunistas, fascistas e demo-liberais definiram grande parte do século XX, a grande questão que se coloca é saber como poderá a competição entre a democracia liberal digital e o autoritarismo digital definir e moldar o século XXI e em que termos.
No tempo presente, considera-se determinante deter um olhar crítico sobre os efeitos desta nova tecnologia - que já influencia atores e políticas internacionais –, assim como discutir os interesses estratégicos, políticos e económicos a ela associados. No mesmo sentido, e uma vez que o desenvolvimento da Inteligência Artificial está a ser considerado como o principal componente de estratégias estatais, que têm como objetivo central o aumento da competitividade e da segurança nacional, importa, igualmente, ponderar os meios e os instrumentos que melhor possam garantir o seu uso para fins genericamente considerados benéficos.<br>Artificial intelligence has become a new engine of the fourth industrial revolution for economic and social development, bringing relevant opportunities in the fields of medicine and health, education, transportation, environmental sustainability, etc. The risks, however, are also displayed, as potentially dangerous. Artificial intelligence is a disruptive technology that can affect government management, economic security, social stability, and even global governance, which may lead to changes in employment structure, impact law and social ethics, violating personal privacy and challenge international relations among others.
Artificial Intelligence promises to reshape the global order, as we know it, for the first time since the end of the Cold War. Considering that competition between communist, fascist and liberal democratic social systems defined much of the twentieth century, the main question now is how may the struggle between digital liberal democracy and digital authoritarianism define and shape the twenty-first.
At the present time, it is crucial to determine a critical look at the effects of this technology, which already influences many international actors and policies, as well as to discuss the strategic, political and economic interests associated with it. Therefore, and since the development of Artificial Intelligence is considered as the main component of state strategies, whose central objective is to increase competitiveness and national security, it is also important to consider the means and instruments that can best guarantee its use for purposes generally considered beneficial.<br>N/A
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Chatha, Karandeep Singh. "Impacts of Industry 4.0 on Swedish Manufacturing SMEs Context." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45975.
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Abstract Purpose- Industry 4.0 as a concept has created a wave of innovation in the manufacturing sector. In Sweden, the goal for the Swedish manufacturing SMEs is to be leaders in digitalization and stay competitive. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand the impacts of Industry 4.0 on Swedish manufacturing SMEs. Method- The method used in this research is a multiple case study consisting of three manufacturing SMEs in Sweden. A literature review was conducted in a systematic way to give a background of Industry 4.0 and its technologies. The literature review provided the theoretical base and knowledge about the phenomena which led to preparation of interview guide used for data collection. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. Thereafter, the findings were analyzed within case, cross-case and compared with literature. Findings- To analyze the impacts of Industry 4.0 on the manufacturing SMEs, the author developed a framework which included the ten main Industry 4.0 technologies, Porter ́s generic value chain model and industrial performance indicators. During the analysis, it was found that all the companies were users of Industry 4.0; however, they were using mostly robots as the main technologies besides one company using cloud-platform technology. All the companies had impacts on their value chains operation activity. All five performance indicators flexibility, costs, productivity, quality and lead times were found to impact on Swedish manufacturing SMEs. The findings support the same indicators as found in literature. Furthermore, all three case companies confirmed that they have higher profits which shows that the implementation of Industry 4.0 not only improves industrial performance indicators but also can lead to increase in financial performance. Implications- This thesis contributed to both theory and provides suggestions to managers with primary contribution being the framework which itself is a contribution to the theory. The framework can be used both by researchers and managers. Furthermore, the theory provided in the literature review of impacts of different technologies on the value chain can guide the managers to understand which of the technologies are useful in corresponding activities of value chain. The suggestions provided by industry peers are also a major advantage for the managers to prepare their companies for Industry 4.0. Limitations- The research focused only on manufacturing SMEs in Sweden and from industry perspective, only SMEs manufacturing goods were included and not services. Within the case companies, all ten identified Industry 4.0 technologies were not found to be implemented in SMEs, therefore; the analysis and answers to research questions were based on the technologies found. Moreover, there was a constraint of time and resources which led to a small sample of three manufacturing industries. Keywords: Industry 4.0, The fourth Industrial Revolution, Industrie 4.0, Digitization, Value chain, Supply Chain, Manufacturing, SME, Impacts, Barriers
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Andersson, Fabian, and David Stark. "The New Normal : a qualitative study of how Covid-19 influences the digitalization of Swedish SMEs within their international operations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105332.
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The Covid-19 pandemic is changing the international business environment. This global event has forced the world into an unbalance, which influences how Swedish SMEs interpret their international operations. Through the international fluctuations, the digitalization has come to partake as an important factor in order to enable the possibility of maintaining an international presence. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to explore how the Covid-19 pandemic influences the digitalization within Swedish SMEs international operations. In order to provide a sustainable foundation of the subject, this research have utilized the qualitative strategy. Collecting the data through semi-structured interviews enables a vast set of data, which have been comprehended in relation to chapter 2 Literature review. Through analyzing all gathered data, the outcome of the research illustrates how the pandemic influences the digitalization as well as firms’ international operations. Finally, the thesis conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic accelerates the digitalization within firms, which further influences how firms maintain an international presence. Conclusively, it is contemplated that the Covid-19 pandemic further creates what the authors call “The New Normal”.
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James, Evidence. "A critical analysis of the implications of the fourth industrial revolution on tax regulation: relevance of the robot tax debate in South Africa from a developing country perspective." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33724.
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The world is experiencing a paradigm shift exhibited by the unprecedented convergence of the biological, physical, and technological environments. This paradigm shift, occasioned by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), is transforming the way of life, work, business, the law, and government policy across the world. The introduction of 4IR technologies such as robotization and Artificial Intelligence is threatening massive labour displacements and resultant significant erosion of the tax base. With the full extent of the 4IR yet to obtain scholars, international organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), World Economic Forum (WEF) and governments have initiated policy inquiries and debates to respond to the looming threats and to maximise on opportunities presented by the 4IR. This research falls within the broader context and out of similar concerns to the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project (BEPs) and as expressed under Action 1 which deals with the taxation of the digital economy. Amongst the proposals to respond to robotization threats to the tax base is the imposition of a robot tax. Therefore, the robot tax debate is the foci of this research. So far, the robot tax debate has been restricted to developed countries and now slowly gaining momentum in developing countries. The South African president, Cyril Ramaphosa constituted the Commission on the Fourth Industrial Revolution in 2019 in response to the dawning realities of the 4IR. The commission is tasked with the mammoth task of deciphering the 4IR and diagnosing its impact across various sectors in South Africa and to report its findings and recommendations. The establishment of the commission on 4IR underscores the imperativeness of this study whose crux is to explore the relevance of the robot tax debate in the South African context representative of developing countries. This is in cognisance of the struggle against inequality, rising unemployment, a broadening budget deficit, stagnant economic growth, and declining revenue collections against a growing demand for free education and social security. Using a doctrinal approach, this research finds that the robot tax debate is not only relevant but imperative in developing countries and that the socioeconomic circumstances present in these countries aggravate the negative impact of 4IR.
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk та ін. "Конкурентні стратегії у підприємництві в умовах Третьої та Четвертої промислових революцій". Thesis, Національна металургійна академія України, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/74568.
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Розвиток сучасного підприємництва можливий в разі, якщо будуть сформовані, забезпечені та реалізовані відповідні конкурентні стратегії. Зростання ефективності та конкурентоспроможності лише використовуючи
стандартний набір рішень стратегічного управління в умовах Третьої та Четвертої промислових революцій неможливий. Для успіху на конкурентному ринку компанії повинні інвестувати у штучний інтелект та машинне навчання, вивчати досвід провідних компаній світу та реалізовувати сучасні досягнення Третьої та Четвертої промислових революцій.
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Ілляшенко, Сергій Миколайович, Сергей Николаевич Ильяшенко та Serhii Mykolaiovych Illiashenko. "Методологічні засади вибору стратегій інноваційного зростання в умовах IV промислової революції". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/44834.
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Результати дослідження розвивають теорію інноваційного менеджменту і маркетингу інновацій в частині формування передумов управління вибором стратегій випереджаючого інноваційного розвитку на різних рівнях узагальнення (державному, галузевому, окремого підприємства) в умовах IV промислової революції.<br>Результаты исследования развивают теорию инновационного менеджмента и маркетинга инноваций в части формирования предпосылок управления выбором стратегий опережающего инновационного развития на разных уровнях обобщения (государственном, отраслевом, отдельного предприятия) в условиях IV промышленной революции.<br>The results of the research to develop the theory of innovation management and marketing innovation in the formation of conditions managing selection strategies of advanced innovation at various levels of generalization (State branch, a separate company) in terms of the IV of the industrial revolution.
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Oliveira, Neto Célio Pereira. "Trabalho em ambiente virtual: causas, efeitos e conformação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20883.
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-26<br>The first industrial revolutions shifted the pace of life. Men were taken out of their homes and brought inside factory. Likewise, society revolved around opening hours, as everything was schedule by it. From class hours in working schools to the exact duration of every repetitive task, just as the Fordist model dictates. However, the third industrial revolution introduced technology, automation and robotics, giving rise to the information society. This new configuration requires a different industrial model – the Toyota production system, which is founded on a more collaborative labor structure. In addition to communication technology and informatics, workers are now allowed to a decentralized less hierarchical model. Consequently, whilst traditional contractual molds required the physical presence of workers inside the factory, it is now possible to admit remote working. The incipient fourth industrial revolution combines digital, physical and biological technology, increasing the stride of our livelihood. As a result, our society has become a full time connected network, from which is difficult to unplug. As well, the exposition on social network and other forms of virtual communication has generated conflicts on work relations, mostly when there is abuse of rights of one the parts. It is right that should serve humankind. Observing this premise, this work has scope to take advantage of the best of innovations for the benefit of man, aiming the setting of fundamental rights and extension of very personal rights, as the approach with the family nucleus, conforming rights when these are in collision<br>As primeiras revoluções industriais tiraram o homem de suas casas, e o levaram para dentro da fábrica, que passou a ditar o ritmo de vida. A sociedade girava em conformidade com o relógio da fábrica, e tudo funcionava de forma demarcada, desde os horários da escola que preparava mão de obra para a fábrica, até o tempo certo para realização de cada enfadonho e repetitivo movimento na produção sob a ótica Fordista. Ocorre que a Terceira Revolução Industrial introduziu a informática, a automação e a robótica dando origem à construção da sociedade da informação. Junto com ela, o fordismo perde espaço para o Toyotismo, tornando o trabalhador mais participativo. Ao final da Terceira Revolução Industrial, com as novas tecnologias, aperfeiçoa-se um novo modelo de trabalhador onde a hierarquia é mitigada, gerando maior autonomia na execução da atividade. Tal fato combinado com as tecnologias da comunicação e informática permitem a realização do trabalho descentralizado. Com efeito, enquanto os moldes contratuais tradicionais exigiam a presença física do empregado à sede da empresa, a tecnologia permite que o trabalho seja realizado à distância, trazendo benefícios aos empregados, empregadores e à sociedade. A incipente Quarta Revolução Industrial combina tecnologias digital, física e biológica, acelerando ainda mais a sociedade da informação, mudando o modo de viver, trabalhar e se relacionar. A sociedade funciona em rede, conectada full time, o que já impede o pleno desligamento do trabalho, prejudicando o direito ao lazer e descanso. Também as exposições nas redes sociais e outras formas de comunicação virtual têm gerado conflitos nas relações de trabalho, mormente quando há abuso de direito de uma das partes. É certo que a tecnologia deve servir ao homem. Observada tal premissa, este trabalho tem por escopo aproveitar o melhor das inovações em prol do homem, visando a concretização de direitos fundamentais e ampliação de direitos personalíssimos, como a aproximação com o núcleo familiar, conformando direitos quando em colisão
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Deskoska, Elena. "The role of technological change in income inequality in the United States." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205155.
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This thesis examines the impact of the technological change on the income inequality in the United States of America. This is done by integrating theoretical and analytical findings about the channels through which technological change affects income inequality.The research is based on century-long income inequality data sets. However, it prioritizes the study of the income inequality in the years between 1970s and 2010s, as this period marks the kick off of the IT technologies and the globalization in the USA. Furthermore it includes an analysis of the role of globalization on the income inequality in the USA. It also accounts for the rest of the inequality triggers that are resulting from the political and economic structure of the country. Lastly it gives a prediction about the future state of the U.S. labor market and wages given the impact of the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
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FREGNAN, EZIO. "CULTURA DEL LAVORO E ACADEMY AZIENDALI PER APPRENDERE NELLA QUARTA RIVOLUZIONE INDUSTRIALE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95711.
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La Quarta rivoluzione industriale e l’evoluzione tecnologica in atto stanno innescando significativi cambiamenti a livello culturale, sociale ed economico.
Le rapide trasformazioni del mondo del lavoro portano in luce l’esigenza di coinvolgere i principali soggetti responsabili di guidare il cambiamento organizzativo e professionale all’interno di un percorso di ricerca partecipata e collaborativa, capace di esplicitare e descrivere diversi modi di affrontare le esperienze connesse ai mutamenti in corso.
All’interno di questo contesto, il lavoro di tesi intende contribuire a delineare la nuova cultura del lavoro che sta emergendo da alcune pratiche innovative, presenti all’interno del nuovo ecosistema educativo e formativo.
La ricerca scientifica, iniziata nel settembre 2019 e conclusa nel settembre 2020, si articola in quattro domande:
Come sta cambiando il contesto nel quale viviamo e lavoriamo?
Come si sta trasformando la cultura del lavoro?
Quali Driver ne facilitano l’apprendimento?
Gli elementi della cultura del lavoro sono utili anche alla luce di una nuova trasformazione radicale e improvvisa?
Le risposte intendono fornire alcuni spunti di riflessione e un primo orientamento pratico per tutti coloro i quali sono coinvolti in prima persona nella costruzione di nuove soluzioni per l’apprendimento, volte a trasferire valore ai cittadini e ai lavoratori di domani.<br>The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the technological evolution in place are originating significant changes in culture, society and economy.
Rapid transformations in the world of work revealed the need of involving the main subjects in charge of driving both organizational and professional change toward an engaging and collaborative research path, able to make clear and describe different ways to face the experiences connected with the undergoing changes.
Within this context, the thesis aims at contributing in outlining the new work culture emerging from some innovative practices, present in the new educational and training ecosystem.
The scientific research, started in December 2019 and concluded in September 2020, is articulated in four questions:
How is the context in which we live and work changing?
How is the work culture undergoing transformations?
Which Drivers do facilitate its understanding?
Are the elements of the work culture useful also in the light of a new radical and unexpected transformation?
The answers intend to provide some points for reflection and a first practical guidance for all those who are directly involved in the creation of new learning solutions, aimed at transferring value to citizens and workers of tomorrow.
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FREGNAN, EZIO. "CULTURA DEL LAVORO E ACADEMY AZIENDALI PER APPRENDERE NELLA QUARTA RIVOLUZIONE INDUSTRIALE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95711.
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La Quarta rivoluzione industriale e l’evoluzione tecnologica in atto stanno innescando significativi cambiamenti a livello culturale, sociale ed economico.
Le rapide trasformazioni del mondo del lavoro portano in luce l’esigenza di coinvolgere i principali soggetti responsabili di guidare il cambiamento organizzativo e professionale all’interno di un percorso di ricerca partecipata e collaborativa, capace di esplicitare e descrivere diversi modi di affrontare le esperienze connesse ai mutamenti in corso.
All’interno di questo contesto, il lavoro di tesi intende contribuire a delineare la nuova cultura del lavoro che sta emergendo da alcune pratiche innovative, presenti all’interno del nuovo ecosistema educativo e formativo.
La ricerca scientifica, iniziata nel settembre 2019 e conclusa nel settembre 2020, si articola in quattro domande:
Come sta cambiando il contesto nel quale viviamo e lavoriamo?
Come si sta trasformando la cultura del lavoro?
Quali Driver ne facilitano l’apprendimento?
Gli elementi della cultura del lavoro sono utili anche alla luce di una nuova trasformazione radicale e improvvisa?
Le risposte intendono fornire alcuni spunti di riflessione e un primo orientamento pratico per tutti coloro i quali sono coinvolti in prima persona nella costruzione di nuove soluzioni per l’apprendimento, volte a trasferire valore ai cittadini e ai lavoratori di domani.<br>The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the technological evolution in place are originating significant changes in culture, society and economy.
Rapid transformations in the world of work revealed the need of involving the main subjects in charge of driving both organizational and professional change toward an engaging and collaborative research path, able to make clear and describe different ways to face the experiences connected with the undergoing changes.
Within this context, the thesis aims at contributing in outlining the new work culture emerging from some innovative practices, present in the new educational and training ecosystem.
The scientific research, started in December 2019 and concluded in September 2020, is articulated in four questions:
How is the context in which we live and work changing?
How is the work culture undergoing transformations?
Which Drivers do facilitate its understanding?
Are the elements of the work culture useful also in the light of a new radical and unexpected transformation?
The answers intend to provide some points for reflection and a first practical guidance for all those who are directly involved in the creation of new learning solutions, aimed at transferring value to citizens and workers of tomorrow.
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Zubkova, Alina Boleslavivna. "Business modeling in the digital economy." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37394.
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Fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence and digital communications entirely lead to the changes in the approaches to the business modeling. The ecosystems of the businesses more than ever before engage all kind of stakeholders to the process of value creation. The value is creating through the entire supply chain by the participation of business, its partners/providers and end consumer. The measure of participation of end consumer in the personalized value creation will depend on his/her engagement in this process. But the world of personal brands which we create by the use of different social media demands people uniqueness and attractiveness for the subscribers. The role of business will be to suggest this opportunity and do it as easier and transparent this can be. The biggest challenge by this kind of business modeling is to define the contribution in the final value of each participant of such collaboration.
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Bin, Nasir Muhammad Akash, and Abubakar Ismail Sada. "Stimulating Internationalization through digitalization : Digital competence in Swedish manufacturing SMEs." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387820.
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Digital competence used to be a confusing concept, until recently when some researchers coined a comprehensive definition of digital competence and formulated a conceptual framework in an SME context. However, the framework was only at a conceptual level and required to be tested with the empirics of a qualitative or quantitative study. By an abductive qualitative approach, this research explored existing theories on digital competence and formulated a new digital competence framework in Swedish manufacturing SME perspective. Moreover, with cross-sectional study design, this research explored the role of digital competence in the internationalization process of six Swedish manufacturing firms, which is unprecedented in academic literature. Our findings indicate that digital competence is an evolving concept which develops gradually with technological advancements and requires a combination of three integral components: i) Digital technologies (basic and advanced level digitalization), ii) Automation of organizational processes, iii) Human resources who have the latest digital skills and are duly motivated to use these skills. This research affirms that after attaining digital competence Swedish manufacturing SMEs can sustain a competitive advantage in their international markets and it successfully facilitates in the firm’s internationalization process.<br>Digital kompetens brukade vara ett förvirrande koncept fram till nyligen när vissa forskare utarbetade en omfattande definition av digital kompetens och formulerade en konceptuell ram i ett små och medelstora sammanhang. Ramverket var dock endast på en konceptuell nivå och krävdes att testas med empiriken i en kvalitativ eller kvantitativ studie. Genom ett abduktivt kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt undersökte denna forskning befintliga teorier om digital kompetens och formulerade en ny digital kompetensram inom svenskt tillverkningspolitiskt perspektiv. Vidare undersökte denna undersökning rollen som digital kompetens i internationaliseringsprocessen av sex svenska tillverkningsföretag, vilket är enastående i den akademiska litteraturen. Våra resultat tyder på att digital kompetens är ett utvecklande koncept som utvecklas gradvis med tekniska framsteg och kräver en kombination av tre integrerade komponenter: i) Digital teknik (grundläggande och avancerad digitalisering), ii) Automatisering av organisationsprocesser, iii) Personal som har de senaste digitala färdigheterna och är vederbörligen motiverade att använda dessa färdigheter. Den här forskningen bekräftar att svenska tillverkare små och medelstora företag efter att ha uppnått digital kompetens kan upprätthålla en konkurrensfördel på sina internationella marknader och framgångsrikt underlättar företagets internationaliseringsprocess.
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DANG, THANH BINH MINH, and 鄧清平明. "The Impact of Fourth Industrial Revolution on the Jobs." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/anqxj4.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>企業管理系<br>105<br>This study presents the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, as well as providing a more in-depth understanding of the Resource Based View (RBV) to better explain the impact of that revolution on the jobs. The main data used in this study are the results of the World Economic Forum surveys, 20 web sites and 3 journals. The major findings can be summarized as follows. First, the skills and knowledge of the top seven technology trends in fourth industrial revolution collected will be helping a lot in improving the productivity and the production process for companies. Second, we found that technology-related work families are most affected and in the direction of positive growth. Those who work in these jobs family will need to improve the skills and knowledge of top seven technologies that we have collected. Third, the impacts of technological trends are not limited to work families but also specific industries. Finally, after compiling the data, we conclude that there are two job family computer and mathematical, and business and financial operations will be the most impacted by the fourth industrial revolution. Based on above conclusion, some useful suggestions are provided for education and training in practices.
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Gabauer, Bastian Friedrich. "The fourth industrial revolution – metamorphosis of the business environment." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/38695.
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This Work Project and survey were conducted to explore the opportunities, risks and challenges of the fourth industrial revolution. Further it should highlight key findings on how companies can prepare to guarantee a successful transition from a 3.0 to a 4.0 enterprise. The conducted survey explores the opinions of digital natives on increasing digitization. It gives an indication on how a blueprint for digital readiness can look like and how companies can successfully transform by acquiring and using digital capabilities.
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Henriques, Maria Manuel de Amaro Brito. "Assessing the Industry 4.0 divide across sectors - Evidence from European enterprises." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123483.
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Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Statistics and Information Management, specialization in Information Analysis and Management<br>Since the First Industrial Revolution, the world has seen the arrival of factories, massive assembly lines, and innovations that changed the way people lived. Since then, there has been a shift from analogue devices to digital ones. We are now in the digital era, in which people, processes, and technologies are more connected than ever. Information is everywhere, in everything. Enterprises are investing more in innovations to optimize their business models. Technologies such as the Internet of Things, Big Data Analytics, Cyber-Physical Systems, and Cloud Computing are revolutionizing the way enterprises, academia, and politicians think and act in the face of innovation. It is the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The proposed study makes use of factor and cluster analysis to evaluate what the dimensions are that characterize the implementation of Industry 4.0 in different economic sectors and European Union countries. The study also tackles how the diverse sectors and countries compare to one another and, consequently, which of the two groups – sectors or countries – influence more strongly the discrepancies in Industry 4.0 implementation levels.
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Mizerák, Michal. "Fourth industrial revolution and the transformation of capitalism into the post-scarcity society." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-429270.
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This diploma thesis aims to evaluate post-scarcity and utopian theories in response to the current economic changes in developed countries to identify, whenever a theory is able to explain the current trends and providing a realistic economic outcome on post-scarcity society. This thesis deals with the resource scarcity, labour scarcity and role of the medium of exchange in theories; together with unconditional income, polarization of labour and technological progress in the transposing developed economies to the 4th industrial revolution.
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Teixeira, Pedro Miguel Beleza. "The role of the fourth industrial revolution in accessible tourism: study and conceptualization of a web application." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/27178.
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The world is experiencing the beginning of the fourth Industrial Revolution, responsible for implementing a new digitalization era. This revolution originated in manufacturing, with industry 4.0 bringing a new reality to organizations. However, the scope of this new technological revolution is vast, and other sectors can benefit from the new digital era. In the Services Industry, tourism is an example of that, as Tourism 4.0 is the result of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution in this sector.
Tourism 4.0 is the result of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution in tourism. An interesting challenge that this technological era brings to tourism is the social inclusion of people with disabilities. The accessible tourism market reveals huge potential, but despite this, this market is still largely ignored. Several technologies that promoted the fourth industrial revolution present capabilities to promote accessible tourism by improving tourism’s access conditions to people with disabilities.
The present work developed a study in accessible tourism, understanding the main requirements for this market, and conceptualizing a Web application, for promoting accessibility in tourism. This Web application work as a mediator between the principal stakeholders. To gather requirements for the system, a triangulation matrix was elaborated using three methodological approaches: i) Literature Review; ii) website accessibility analysis of hotels located in the central region of Portugal; and iii) content analysis of some concurrent platforms. The requirements triangulation matrix allowed the identification of what requirements are crucial for the system success, which were used to conceptualize the solution with UML notation.
This work intends to demonstrate the technological impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on society, especially on the promotion of a more accessible tourism<br>O mundo encontra-se hoje no início da quarta revolução industrial, responsável pela promoção de uma nova era caracterizada pela digitalização. Apesar desta revolução ter surgido no setor industrial, com o conceito de Indústria 4.0, a sua aplicação é muito mais vasta, existindo outros sectores que podem igualmente beneficiar desta nova era tecnológica. O setor dos serviços, nomeadamente o Turismo, é um exemplo disso, e o conceito de Turismo 4.0 é o resultado do impacto da quarta revolução industrial nesse setor. Um desafio interessante que esta nova era tecnológica traz para o turismo é o da inclusão social, promovendo o turismo para todos. De facto, o mercado do turismo acessível, apesar de ter imenso potencial, tem sido relegado no contexto dos negócios. Por outro lado, o potencial tecnológico associado a esta nova revolução industrial sugere uma grande capacidade na promoção do turismo acessível, na medida em que podem facilitar as condições de acesso ao turismo, por parte de pessoas com algum tipo de incapacidade e ou necessidade especial.
O presente trabalho visa conduzir um estudo na área do turismo acessível, por forma compreender os principais requisitos deste tipo de mercado e, consequentemente, conceptualizar uma aplicação Web, com o propósito de promover a acessibilidade no turismo, funcionando como um mediador de informação entre os principais stakeholders. Para a obtenção dos requisitos do sistema foi feita: i) uma revisão da literatura; ii) um estudo que avalia a acessibilidade dos websites dos hotéis da zona centro de Portugal, e, ainda iii) um estudo com base em análise de conteúdo de algumas plataformas potencialmente concorrentes. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de uma matriz de triangulação, onde é possível identificar a fonte dos requisitos identificados, sendo posteriormente utilizados para conceptualizar a solução proposta com recurso à notação UML.
Pretende-se com este trabalho demonstrar o potencial e o efeito que as tecnologias existentes na era designada por quarta revolução industrial podem ter na sociedade, nomeadamente na promoção de um turismo para todos<br>Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial
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Neves, Joana Inês Amorim. "Portugal e a Quarta Revolução Industrial: educação, emprego e crescimento económico." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/84441.
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Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Economia apresentado à Faculdade de Economia<br>O presente trabalho de projeto tem como principal objetivo analisar a relação existente entre emprego, educação e crescimento económico em Portugal no contexto da Quarta Revolução Industrial. A análise de um conjunto de indicadores relativos ao desempenho de Portugal em termos de emprego setorial e educação nas últimas duas décadas permite constatar que o emprego nos setores da indústria e da construção decresceu consideravelmente, ao passo que o emprego nos diversos ramos de atividade relevantes no contexto da Quarta Revolução Industrial aumentou, encontrando-se assim a evolução do emprego em Portugal em linha com o presumido pela literatura relevante. Ao mesmo tempo, verifica-se uma melhoria significativa das qualificações da população, embora Portugal continue hoje a ser um país com uma elevada percentagem de população pouco qualificada. Os resultados da estimação de um modelo empírico para Portugal, construído com o intuito de identificar a relação existente entre indicadores de emprego e educação relevantes no contexto da Quarta Revolução Industrial e a taxa de crescimento anual do PIB real per capita, apontam para um impacto negativo ou inexistente do emprego nos ramos de atividade relevantes, para um impacto positivo do ensino secundário e para a inexistência de impacto do ensino superior e da despesa pública em educação em percentagem do PIB. Já os resultados da estimação do modelo com dados em painel para os países da UE15, construído com o mesmo objetivo, indicam que o emprego em dois dos quatro ramos de atividade relevantes apresenta um impacto positivo na taxa de crescimento anual do PIB real per capita (sendo eles, o emprego nas atividades profissionais, técnicas, científicas e atividades de serviços administrativos e o emprego nas atividades de saúde humana e apoio social), embora não se verifique qualquer impacto dos indicadores de educação. Assim, Portugal parece ter ainda um longo caminho a percorrer para poder beneficiar da Quarta Revolução Industrial, precisando para isso de apostar continuamente na qualificação dos atuais e futuros trabalhadores, para que estes encontrem emprego em setores de atividade económica novos e em expansão, abandonando os setores que se encontram em declínio devido aos progressos, por exemplo, na automação e na inteligência artificial.<br>The main goal of this master’s project is to analyse the relationship between employment, education and economic growth in Portugal in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The analysis of a set of indicators related to the performance of Portugal in terms of sectoral employment and education over the last two decades allows us to see that the employment in the manufacturing and construction sectors declined significantly, while the employment in the different sectors of activity relevant in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution increased, which means that the evolution of employment in Portugal followed the predictions of the relevant literature. At the same time, we verify that, although Portugal continues to have a large percentage of low-skilled population, there was a significant improvement in the qualifications of the population. The results of the estimation of an empirical model for Portugal, which was built to identify the relationship between some indicators of employment and education relevant in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the growth rate of real per capita GDP, point to: a negative or nonexistent impact of employment, a positive impact of secondary education, and a nonexistent impact of tertiary education and government expenditure on education in percentage of GDP. In addition, the results of the estimation of the model with panel data for the EU15, which was built with the same purpose as the previous one, indicate that the employment in two of the four sectors of activity presents a positive impact on the growth rate of real per capita GDP (the employment in professional, scientific, technical, administrative and support service activities and the employment in health and social work activities), even though the indicators of education do not present any significant impact. Overall, it appears that Portugal still has a long path to go to benefit from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and to do so Portugal needs to invest continually in more current and future skilled workers allowing them to find a job in new and expanding sectors of activity and leaving the sectors whose employment is declining due to, for instance, automation and artificial intelligence.
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Sousa, João Filipe Ribeiro de. "Quarta revolução industrial e os seus impactos na sociedade." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28411.
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A presente investigação tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da quarta revolução industrial na sociedade. Pelas caraterísticas tecnológicas inerentes a esta revolução, não há dúvida que a automatização do trabalho será aquela que maior impacto terá para as sociedades e para as pessoas em particular, dada a possibilidade do desemprego tecnológico. Nesse sentido, este trabalho adotou uma abordagem qualitativa para compreender estes fenómenos, abordando também os desafios éticos que o problema do desemprego levanta. Neste ponto considera-se importante o papel dos governos e das organizações na implementação correta de medidas de apoio aos desempregados e na criação de novos empregos.
Esta tese investigou também se Portugal se está a preparar para a quarta revolução industrial e, nesse sentido, foi feita uma análise qualitativa referente a este assunto e simultaneamente foram auscultados diferentes stakeholders, sobre os impactos que a revolução poderá a vir a ter nas suas empresas.
Analisando o impacto ambiental desta revolução e tendo em conta as tecnologias que mobiliza, a tese conclui ela poderá levar a um melhor uso das energias renováveis, e nesse sentido ser mais amiga do meio ambiente.
Analisam-se também as questões de cibersegurança e as ciber guerras, olhando para elas do ponto de vista ético, e embora a segurança seja um fator muito relevante para as sociedades, a tese considera ser importante assegurar a privacidade das pessoas, considerando igualmente que existem limites que não devem ser ultrapassados.<br>This research aims to analyze the impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on society. Due to the technological characteristics inherent to this revolution, the automation of work will undoubtedly be the biggest impact on societies and for people in particular, due to the likelihood of technological unemployment. In this sense, this work has taken a qualitative approach to these phenomena, while also tackling the ethical challenges that unemployment raises. Regarding this problem, the thesis emphasizes the role of governments and organizations in the correct implementation of measures to support the unemployed and creating new jobs.
This thesis also assessed whether Portugal is preparing for the 4th industrial revolution and in this sense a qualitative analysis was undertaken on this subject, while different stakeholders were also consulted on the impacts that this revolution may come to have in their companies. Analyzing the environmental impact of this revolution and taking into account the technologies it is mobilizing, this thesis concludes that this fourth revolution could make better use of renewable energies, and in that sense be more environmentally friendly.
Finally, the thesis also delves on the topics of cybersecurity and cyber wars, analyzing them from an ethical standpoint and although security is a very important factor for societies, the thesis considers it important to ensure the privacy of individuals, considering also that there are limits which must not be exceeded. Cybersecurity issues and cyber wars are also analyzed, looking at them from the ethical point of view, and although security is a very important factor for societies, the thesis considers it important to ensure the privacy of people, considering also that there are limits that should not be exceeded.
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El, Bournová Hana. "Rámcování Průmyslu 4.0 v českých médiích v letech 2013-2018." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415474.
Full textAbstract:
1 Annotation Industry 4.0, also known as "the fourth industrial revolution" consisting of the digitization and automation of industry, is a relatively new topic in the Czech media field. Not so new topic is digitization in general, which is a process of implementing digital technologies in various areas of production and society. Over time, the arguments of both academic sides, optimists and critics of digital progress were stabilized in two antagonistic paradigms, with both groups of arguments can be found in the media discourse. The work will also examine the neutral approach, which does not benefit from any of the extreme opposites. The thesis will examine the overall framing of the topic and the similarity between media presentation and academic literature. Participants in the academic debate on the digital age can be found, among others, among digital media theorists. They can in principle be divided into two main parties. Optimists (Negroponte, Jenkins, Mařík) in principle support the new possibilities that digitization brings, while critics (McChesney, Spitzer, Morozov) point out that digital progress is dangerous. On the one hand, digital progress and robotization is being showed as a benefit, but on the other hand, academics warn against the fall of society and the negative side of the digital age....
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Phaswana, Phetho. "The design and implementation of the routing algorithm optimised for spectrum mobility, routing path delay and node relay delay." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3388.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis(M.Sc. (Computer Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020<br>Spectrum scarcity is one of the major problems affecting the advancement of wireless
technology. The world is now entering into a new era called the “Fourth Industrial
Revolution” and technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain are surfacing
at a rapid pace. All these technologies and this new era need high speed network
(Internet) connectivity. Internet connectivity is reliant on the availability of spectrum
Channels. The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has emphatically alluded on
the urgency of finding quick and effective solutions to the problem of spectrum scarcity
because the available spectrum bands are getting depleted at an alarming rate.
Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs) have been introduced to solve the problem
of spectrum depletion. CRAHNs are mobile networks which allow for two groups of users:
Primary Users (PUs) and Secondary Users (SUs). PUs are the licensed users of the
spectrum and SUs are the unlicensed users. The SUs access spectrum bands
opportunistically by switching between unused spectrum bands. The current licensed
users do not fully utilize their spectrum bands. Some licensed users only use their
spectrum bands for short time periods and their bands are left idling for the greater part
of time. CRNs take advantage of the periods when spectrum bands are not fully utilized
by introducing secondary users to switch between the idle spectrum bands. The CRAHNs
technology can be implemented in different types of routing environments including
military networks. The military version of CRAHNs is called Military Cognitive Radio Ad
Hoc Networks (MCRAHNs). Military networks are more complex than ordinary networks
because they are subject to random attacks and possible destruction.
This research project investigates the delays experienced in routing packets for
MCRAHNs and proposes a new routing algorithm called Spectrum-Aware Transitive
Multicasting On Demand Distance Vector (SAT-MAODV) which has been optimized for
reducing delays in packet transmission and increasing throughput. In the data
transmission process, there are several levels where delays are experienced. Our
research project focuses on Routing Path (RP) delay, Spectrum Mobility (SM) delay and
Node Relay (NR) delay. This research project proposes techniques for spectrum
switching and routing called Time-Based Availability (TBA), Informed Centralized Multicasting (ICM), Node Roaming Area (NRA) and Energy Smart Transitivity (EST). All
these techniques have been integrated into SAT-MAODV. SAT-MAODV was simulated
and compared with the best performing algorithms in MCRHANs. The results show that
SAT-MAODV performs better than its counterparts
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Pavlovová, Adéla. "Flexibilní formy zaměstnávání." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405610.
Full textAbstract:
Flexible forms of employment Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to map the flexible forms of employment currently offered by the Czech legislation as well as those that might possibly become part of the legal system in the Czech Republic. Flexible forms of employment are currently on the rise, and it is therefore relevant to address the possibilities offered by the legislation. Part one focuses on defining the basic terms of the legal and theoretical framework of flexible forms of employment and in this context also the importance of flexicurity as a concept that has shaped the forms of flexible employment in the recent years. Second part of the thesis describes the specific forms of employment in terms of their legal regulation and what challenges are associated with the use of each individual form of flexible employment, furthermore this part explores aspects of flexibility that can be found within these types flexible employment. Examples of such flexible forms of employment mentioned include, but are not limited to, fixed-term employment, homeworking and, in terms of working hours, a condensed working week and flexible working hours. The next part discusses new emerging forms of flexible employment, namely job sharing, employee sharing, interim management, casual work, as well as new forms of...
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Moreira, Luís Maria Soares Borges Lima. "A quarta revolução industrial no setor metalomecânico português." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28532.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo medir a quarta revolução
industrial/transformação digital no setor metalomecânico português. Para o efeito,
tendo por base os indicadores desenvolvidos pelo Digital Transformation Scoreboard
2017 da Comissão Europeia e as propriedades do indicador compósito que constitui o
Multidimensional Poverty Index, criamos três indicadores compósitos para medir a
transformação digital do setor. Dois dos indicadores medem fatores facilitadores da
transformação digital da indústria - o Indicador sobre as Infraestruturas Digitais (IID)
e o Indicador sobre as Competências Digitais da Força Laboral (ICDFL) – e o terceiro
mede a integração da tecnologia digital na indústria - o Indicador sobre a Integração
da Tecnologia Digital (IITD). Os resultados do questionário conduzido às empresas do
setor clientes do CATIM mostram que estas empresas têm as infraestruturas digitais
necessárias para a implementação da quarta revolução industrial, estão menos bem no
que refere às competências digitais da sua força laboral e claramente pior no que refere
à integração da tecnologia digital. Para a amostra como um todo, [IID; ICDFL; IITD] =
[0,820; 0,580; 0,225]. Dos cinco grupos de empresas identificados como tendo uma
maior integração da tecnologia digital, dois destacam-se por cima nos três indicadores
considerados: o grupo de empresas com um volume de negócios igual ou superior a
50 milhões, [IID; ICFL; IITD] = [0,925; 0,700; 0,773] e o grupo de empresas da CAE 29
(fabrico de veículos automóveis, reboques, semirreboques e componentes para
veículos automóveis), [IID; ICFL; IITD] = [0,925; 0,650; 0.587].<br>This dissertation aims to measure the fourth industrial revolution/digital
transformation in the Portuguese metal-mechanic sector. To this end, based on the
indicators developed by the European Commission's Digital Transformation
Scoreboard 2017 and the properties of the composite indicator that constitutes the
Multidimensional Poverty Index, we have created three composite indicators to
measure the digital transformation of the sector. Two of the indicators measure factors
facilitating the digital transformation of industry - the Digital Infrastructure Indicator
(IID) and the Labor Force Digital Competency Indicator (ICDFL) - and the third
measures the integration of digital technology in industry - the Indicator on the
Integration of Digital Technology (IITD). The results of the questionnaire to CATIM's
client sector companies show that these companies have the digital infrastructures
necessary for the implementation of the fourth industrial revolution, are less well on
the digital competencies of their workforce and clearly worse on integration of digital
technology. For the sample as a whole, [IID; ICDFL; IITD] = [0.820; 0.580; 0.225]. Of the
five groups of companies identified as having a greater integration of digital
technology, two stand out in the three indicators considered: the group of companies
with a turnover of 50 million or more, [IID; ICFL; IITD] = [0.925; 0.700; 0,773] and the
group of companies of CAE 29 (manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers, semi-trailers
and components for motor vehicles), [IID; ICFL; IITD] = [0.925; 0.650; 0.587].
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Junqueira, Alexandre. "A Quarta Revolução Industrial e o potencial impacto da Indústria 4.0 sobre o emprego." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/68632.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação mestrado em Economia Social<br>Desde a primeira Revolução Industrial, a humanidade tem passado por
transformações profundas. Em aproximadamente 200 anos demos um salto do ponto de vista
tecnológico, econômico e social. Essas mudanças também foram marcadas por graves crises
e conflitos. O século XXI trouxe novas descobertas que prometem desencadear alterações
ainda mais significativas, pois além da mudança em si, teremos que lidar com a velocidade
com que elas acontecem. Nas próximas décadas, todo o sistema econômico e social, as
relações profissionais e pessoais serão redefinidas, com um enorme “potencial explosivo”,
Baldwin (2019, p. 5). Dentre os maiores impactos destas transformações estão as relações de
trabalho. Diante disso, faz-se necessário discutirmos os potenciais impactos das novas
tecnologias sobre o emprego. Se as ferramentas tecnológicas vierem a fazer grande parte das
atividades executadas hoje por humanos, poderá haver desemprego em massa e redução no
poder de consumo, diminuindo assim, a demanda dos bens produzidos na Indústria 4.0.
Neste trabalho, buscamos analisar historicamente, como a sociedade foi afetada
pelas mudanças no processo produtivo, além disso, tentamos verificar o quanto a sociedade
atual está consciente do potencial impacto das novas tecnologias, para tal, realizamos uma
pesquisa de campo quantitativa com indivíduos do Brasil e Portugal. Os resultados
comprovaram o que outros estudos já haviam revelado, que a Indústria 4.0 tem potencial de
substituir grande parte da mão de obra hoje existente, e poderá aumentar a desigualdade
social. Ademais, há um consenso entre os entrevistados de que os governos, as escolas, as
empresas e os indivíduos têm grande responsabilidade no enfrentamento desses desafios.<br>Since the first Industrial Revolution, humanity has been undergone profound
transformations. Approximately 200 years we have taken a leap from a technological,
economic and social point of view. These changes were also marked by serious crises and
conflicts. Twenty first century has brought new discoveries that promise to trigger even more
significant changes, because besides the change itself, we will have to deal with the speed
with which they happen. Next decades, every economic and social system, professional and
personal relationships will be redefined, with an enormous “explosive potential”, Baldwin
(2019, p. 5). Among the greatest impacts of these changes are labor relations. Given this, it is
necessary to discuss the potential impacts of new technologies on employment. If
technological tools come to do a large part of the activities performed today by humans, there
may be mass unemployment and a reduction in consumption power, decreasing, the demand
for goods produced in Industry 4.0.
In this work, we seek to analyze historically, how the society was affected by changes
in the production process, in addition, we try to verify how much the current society is aware
of the potential impact of new technologies, for this, we carry out a quantitative field research
with individuals from Brazil and Portugal. The results confirmed what other studies had
already revealed, that Industry 4.0 has the potential to replace much of the existing workforce
and may increase social inequality. Besides, there is a consensus among interviewers that
governments, schools, businesses and individuals have a great responsibility in facing those
challenges.
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Mendes, Maria Beatriz Grilo. "Industry 4.0: is Portugal ready to change?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/38855.
Full textAbstract:
The world stands on the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. Having started in Germany, it rapidly gained a lot of attention and, although there is still no agreed definition, it is expected to radically transform businesses by merging virtual and physical worlds. This thesis uses a grounded theory methodology to analyze the data obtained in 9 interviews with experts, with the aim of identifying the adoption rate of Industry 4.0 in Portugal and understanding what are the factors influencing it. Five recommendations are proposed to increase the adoption and lead Portugal into the fourth revolution direction.
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Souza, Marcelo Anderson de. "4.ª revolução industrial: ameaças ou oportunidades?: como o impacto da utilização do Waze e Uber na Cidade de São Paulo - Brasil explica o fenómeno da quarta revolução industrial." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18786.
Full textAbstract:
Nos últimos 300 anos presenciamos mudanças profundas em nossas sociedades, economias
e sistemas políticos, essas mudanças foram marcadas por revoluções que ocorrem quando novas
maneiras de perceber o mundo, carregadas de tecnologia que sozinhas ou em conjunto de outras,
novas ou já existentes na época, geram as inovações que desencadeiam alteração profunda e que
impulsionam disrupções nos modelos até então conhecidos.
Essas dirupções são a consequência, por exemplo, de novas formas de produção que
costumam reduzir custos, melhorar a padronização, qualidade e eficiência, refletindo na redução
dos preços finais e consecutivamente na disseminação no mercado, trazendo benefícios para a
sociedade.
Estamos passando por uma nova revolução que implica nada mais, nada menos que em toda
a humanidade, pelo fato de impactar profundamente nos modelos que estamos habituados; pedir um
táxi, comprar um voo ou produto, realizar um pagamento, adquirir conhecimento, ouvir ou comprar
músicas e assistir filmes, são alguns dos exemplos de tarefas comuns do dia a dia que sofreram
grandes disrupções, podendo hoje serem feitas remotamente por meio de um "smartphone". ou seja,
como trabalhamos, adquirimos, vivemos ou até mesmo nos relacionando, tudo está vivendo uma
fase de transição. Bem-vindo a quarta revolução industrial!
Essas mudanças impactaram profundamente em praticamente todas as áreas e mercados,
nessa premissa, o trânsito caótico da cidade de São Paulo – Brasil, se tornou palco de nossa
pesquisa onde, buscou-se observar quais foram os impactos causados pela impulsionadora Waze e a
disruptível Uber, quais semelhanças existem e podem ser traçadas com a história das revoluções.<br>In the last 300 years we have witnessed profound changes in our societies, economies and
political systems. These changes were marked by revolutions that occurred when new ways of
perceiving the world, advanced by technology that alone, or in combination with of other – new or
existing technology – generated innovations that triggered profound changes and that propelled
disruptions in the models known until then.
These disruptions are the consequence, for example, of new forms of production that tend to
reduce costs, improve standardization, quality and efficiency, reflected in the reduction of final
prices and, consecutively, in the dissemination throughout the market, bringing benefits to society.
We are going through a new revolution that has impacts on nothing less than all humanity,
by the fact of deeply impacting the models we are used to. Calling a cab, booking a flight, buying a
product, making a payment, acquiring knowledge, hearing or buying music, or attending films, are
just some of the examples of common daily tasks that are affected by great disruption, namely being
able to be accomplished remotely by a smartphone. Whether it is how we work, buy, live or even
relate to each other, everything is going through a transition phase. Welcome the fourth industrial
revolution!
These changes will have a profound impact on practically all sectors and markets. This
thesis makes the chaotic transit of the city of São Paulo, Brazil the object of our research where we
aimed at observing the impacts caused by the driving force of Waze and disruptiveness of Uber and
where we sought to identify which similarities may exist and be drawn when compared to the
history of revolutions.
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Sampaio, João de Aguiar Bernardo e. Melo. "O futuro do trabalho e o rendimento básico incondicional." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/64186.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Filosofia Política<br>Esta dissertação pretende ser um contributo para a discussão filosófica do assunto da automação, o
impacto e as consequências que o seu desenvolvimento poderá provocar no mercado de trabalho. A
configuração que essas consequências assumem atingem a realidade do trabalho remunerado e
consequentemente a vida das pessoas, podendo gerar dinâmicas invisíveis de precarização do emprego
e provocando sérias desigualdades económicas e sociais.
A própria noção de trabalho tem vindo a modificar-se de forma substantiva devido às alterações iniciadas
pelos processos de automação. Estas mudanças obrigam o mercado a criar novas formas de organização
do trabalho, assim como, sujeitam os indivíduos a gerir de forma diferente as suas competências.
Por estas razões, no segundo capítulo desta dissertação é apresentada a proposta de um Rendimento
Básico Incondicional (RBI), baseado no trabalho de Philippe Van Parijs e Yannick Vanderborght (2017),
para justificar a pertinência de se pensar a implementação de um RBI tendo em vista as ameaças da
automação laboral expostas no capítulo primeiro.
No terceiro capítulo abrimos a discussão para outras teorias preocupadas com as desigualdades
económicas na tentativa de as conciliar com um RBI. É principalmente na ideia de Pleno Emprego
defendida por Alan Thomas (2019) que nos debruçamos para entender de que forma a implementação
destas politicas poderiam gerar novas propostas de organização laboral com o objetivo de criar valor
económico e social nas comunidades. A possibilidade de pensar dinâmicas de trabalho mais
cooperativistas e locais é um desafio que pretendemos alinhar na tentativa de idealizar novas formas de
ultrapassar o determinismo laboral criado por uma economia cada vez mais automatizada e globalista
que está voltada principalmente para a maximização de criação de capital.<br>This dissertation aims to contribute to the philosophical discussion on the impact of automation and the
consequences that the development of new technologies may have on the private labor market. The
configuration of how these consequences affect the reality of paid work and people's lives can invisibly
create dynamics of precariousness in the workplace, causing serious economic disturbance and social
inequalities.
The very notion of work has been substantially altered due to changes initiated by automation processes.
These changes force the market to create new forms of work organization, as well as subjecting individuals
to differently manage their skills.
For these reasons, the second chapter of this dissertation presents the proposal of an Unconditional Basic
Income (UBI), based on the work of Philippe Van Parijs and Yannick Vanderborght (2017), to justify the
relevance of considering the implementation of an UBI with a view to overcome the threats of automation
outlined in the previous chapter.
In the third chapter we open the discussion to other theories concerned with economic inequalities in an
attempt to reconcile them with an UBI. We base our discussion mainly in the idea of a Full Employment
advocated by Alan Thomas (2019). We try to understand how the implementation of these policies could
create new proposals for labor organization aiming at creating economic and social value in communities.
The possibility of thinking more cooperatively in a local way, with new work dynamics, is a challenge that
we intend to align in an attempt to devise new ways of overcoming the labor determinism created by an
increasingly automated and globalist economy that is mainly focused on maximizing capital creation.
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Beaulieu, Michel S. "A Proletarian Prometheus: Socialism, Ethnicity, and Revolution at the Lakehead, 1900-1935." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1715.
Full textAbstract:
“The Proletarian Prometheus: Socialism, Ethnicity, and Revolution at the Lakehead, 1900-1935” is an analysis of the various socialist organizations operating at the Canadian Lakehead (comprised of the twin cities of Port Arthur and Fort William, Ontario, now the present-day City of Thunder Bay, and their vicinity) during the first 35 years of the twentieth century. It contends that the circumstances and actions of Lakehead labour, especially those related to ideology, ethnicity, and personality, worked simultaneously to empower and to fetter workers in their struggles against the shackles of capitalism. The twentieth-century Lakehead never lacked for a population of enthusiastic, energetic and talented left-wingers. Yet, throughout this period the movement never truly solidified and took hold. Socialist organizations, organizers and organs came and went, leaving behind them an enduring legacy, yet paradoxically the sum of their efforts was cumulatively less than the immense sacrifices and energies they had poured into them. Between 1900 and 1935, the region's working-class politics was shaped by the interaction of ideas drawn from the much larger North Atlantic socialist world with the particularities of Lakehead society and culture. International frameworks of analysis and activism were of necessity reshaped and revised in a local context in which ethnic divisions complicated and even undermined the class identities upon which so many radical dreams and ambitions rested.<br>Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2007-12-14 20:26:40.652
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Martins, Rui Manuel Alves. "Rendimento básico em Portugal : incondicional ou adequado? : estudo sobre os custos de implementação." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28196.
Full textAbstract:
Esta investigação pretende ser um contributo para o debate sobre o rendimento básico nas suas várias formas. Na pesquisa adoptou-se uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa, com recurso a dados quantitativos. Partindo da identificação dos desafios que se perspectivam advir da Quarta Revolução Industrial procura-se identificar alternativas de redistribuição de rendimentos e sobretudo mecanismos que permitam assegurar a todos os indivíduos um rendimento básico. Partindo da literatura existente, estudou-se o conceito de Rendimento Básico Incondicional (RBI), os argumentos que o suportam e exemplos de implementação em projectos-piloto. Estudaram-se também outras formas de redistribuição de rendimento, como o imposto negativo, ou o rendimento adequado. E procurou-se responder à questão de investigação: Que tipo de rendimento básico seria exequível em Portugal? São apresentados três modelos. Um modelo de Rendimento Básico Incondicional, um modelo de Rendimento Básico mas com perda da incondicionalidade (RB) e um terceiro modelo que associa ao rendimento básico um complemento salarial para aproximar as pessoas de um rendimento adequado (RA). Para os três modelos calcularam-se os custos de implementação tendo-se obtido resultados demonstram que a implementação de um rendimento básico de 450 Euros custaria entre os 5 (modelo II) e os 27 Mil Milhões de Euros (modelo I). No terceiro modelo apurou-se um custo de aproximadamente 8 Mil Milhões de Euros. Este modelo, apesar de não apresentar as características de um RBI, traduz-se numa solução potencialmente exequível. Esta solução garantiria a eliminação da pobreza extrema, mitigando as desigualdades sociais e providenciando a todos o acesso a um nível de vida digno.<br>This research intends to be a contribution to the debate on Basic Income. The research adopted a qualitative methodology using quantitative data. Based on the identification of the challenges that are expected to arise from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the aim is to identify alternative income redistribution mechanisms that would allow all individuals to have a basic income. The concept of Basic Income, the arguments that support it and the examples of implementation in pilot projects were studied based on existing literature. Other forms of income redistribution such as the Negative Tax and Adequate Income were also studied. The research question is thus the following: Which type of basic income would be feasible in Portugal? Three models are presented. An Unconditional Basic Income model (UBI), a Basic Income model with conditions (BI) and a third model that associates the Basic Income with a wage complement, tending towards an Adequate Income (AI). The cost of implementation for each of the three models was calculated and the results prove that the implementation of a Basic Income of 450 Euros would cost between 5 and 27 Thousand Million Euros. The third model would cost approximately 8 Thousand Million Euros. Although this model does not have the characteristics of a UBI, it is a solution that guarantees a basic income for all citizens and promotes professional activity. This solution would guarantee the elimination of extreme poverty, mitigate social inequalities and provide everyone with access to it a decent standard of living.
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Kebzová, Kateřina. "Anticipace změn forem práce a očekávání pracovníků spojených s procesy digitalizace a komputerizace v organizacích." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388809.
Full textAbstract:
Forms of work and working conditions are constantly changing within organizations, due to inter alia the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the boom of digitization and computerization. Labour market in developed countries is characterized by a higher representation of Generation Y and Generation Z employees whose job preferences differ from the previous generations' ones. These factors then result in transformation of forms and ways of work, working conditions, employee expectations and HR activities. The aim of this Master's thesis is to analyse the development and transformation of Work from a historical perspective, based on analysis and comparison of political documents, current scientific research and theoretically oriented scientific sources; and more importantly, to determine the main future trends in the world of work in connection with the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its impacts on the field of work. Based on these trends, changes in selected HR activities and working conditions are outlined in this Master's thesis. A deeper examination of the subject is provided by a conducted empirical qualitative survey which is reflecting the theoretical basis and mapping the above- mentioned trends that are changing the concept of work and personnel activities in selected organizations. Key words:...