Journal articles on the topic 'Formula concordae'
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1
KOÇHAN, Necla. "Estimation of LDL-C using machine learning models and its comparison with directly measured and calculated LDL-C in Turkish pediatric population." Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Abant Tip Dergisi 12, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47493/abantmedj.1217478.
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Objective: The assessment of lipid profiles in children is critical for the early detection of dyslipidemia. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the most often used measures in diagnosing and treating patients with dyslipidemia. Therefore, accurate determination of LDL-C levels is critical for managing lipid abnormalities. In this study, we aimed to compare various LDL-C estimating formulas with powerful machine-learning (ML) algorithms in a Turkish pediatric population. Materials and Methods: This study included 2,563 children under 18 who were treated at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital in Sivas, Turkey. LDL-C was measured directly using Roche direct assay and estimated using Friedewald's, Martin/Hopkins', Chen's, Anandaraja's, and Hattori's formulas, as well as ML predictive models (i.e., Ridge, Lasso, elastic net, support vector regression, random forest, gradient boosting and extreme gradient boosting). The concordances between the estimates and direct measurements were assessed overall and separately for the LDL-C and TG sublevels. Linear regression analyses were also carried out, and residual error plots were created between each LDL-C estimation and direct measurement method. Results: The concordance was approximately 0.92-0.93 percent for ML models, and around 0.85 percent for LDL-C estimating formulas. The SVR formula generated the most concordant results (concordance=0.938), while the Hattori and Martin-Hopkins formulas produced the least concordant results (concordance=0.851). Conclusion: Since ML models produced more concordant LDL-C estimates compared to LDL-C estimating formulas, ML models can be used in place of traditional LDL-C estimating formulas and direct assays.
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Langlois, Michel R., and Pieter-Jan Briers. "Concordance of apolipoprotein B concentration with the Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins, and Sampson formulas for calculating LDL cholesterol." Biochemia medica 32, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2022.010704.
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Two new formulas, the Martin-Hopkins and the Sampson formula, were recently developed to overcome shortcomings of the Friedewald formula for calculating LDL-cholesterol. We aimed to compare the concordance of the two formulas with apolipoprotein B (apoB), a surrogate marker of the number of LDL particles. In a study of serum lipid data of 1179 patients who consulted the AZ St-Jan Hospital Bruges for cardiovascular risk assessment, the correlation and concordance of the Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins and Sampson formulas with apoB concentration, measured by immunonephelometry, were determined and compared. The Martin-Hopkins formula showed significantly higher correlation coefficient than the Friedewald formula with apoB in the entire dataset and in patients with low LDL-cholesterol < 1.8 mmol/L. Both Martin-Hopkins and Sampson formulas yielded > 70% concordance of LDL-cholesterol with regard to treatment group classification based on population-equivalent thresholds of apoB in hypertriglyceridemic patients (2-4.5 mmol/L), with the highest concordance (75.6%) obtained using Martin-Hopkins formula vs. 60.5% with Friedewald formula. The Martin-Hopkins (and, to a lesser extent, Sampson) formula is more closely associated with the number of LDL particles than Friedewald formula. This, in combination with literature evidence of lesser accuracy of the Friedewald formula, is an argument to switch from Friedewald to a modified, improved formula.
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Bosman, Anthony M. "Shake slice and shake concordant links." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 29, no. 12 (October 2020): 2050087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021821652050087x.
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We can construct a [Formula: see text]-manifold by attaching [Formula: see text]-handles to a [Formula: see text]-ball with framing [Formula: see text] along the components of a link in the boundary of the [Formula: see text]-ball. We define a link as [Formula: see text]-shake slice if there exists embedded spheres that represent the generators of the second homology of the [Formula: see text]-manifold. This naturally extends [Formula: see text]-shake slice, a generalization of slice that has previously only been studied for knots, to links of more than one component. We also define a relative notion of shake[Formula: see text]-concordance for links and versions with stricter conditions on the embedded spheres that we call strongly[Formula: see text]-shake slice and strongly[Formula: see text]-shake concordance. We provide infinite families of links that distinguish concordance, shake concordance, and strong shake concordance. Moreover, for [Formula: see text] we completely characterize shake slice and shake concordant links in terms of concordance and string link infection. This characterization allows us to prove that the first non-vanishing Milnor [Formula: see text] invariants are invariants of shake concordance. We also argue that shake concordance does not imply link homotopy.
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Reumann, John. "Concordat + A Formula of Agreement = COCU?" Pro Ecclesia: A Journal of Catholic and Evangelical Theology 6, no. 3 (August 1997): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106385129700600306.
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Kim, Taehee. "Knots having the same Seifert form and primary decomposition of knot concordance." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 26, no. 14 (December 2017): 1750103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216517501036.
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We show that for each Seifert form of an algebraically slice knot with nontrivial Alexander polynomial, there exists an infinite family of knots having the Seifert form such that the knots are linearly independent in the knot concordance group and not concordant to any knot with coprime Alexander polynomial. Key ingredients for the proof are Cheeger–Gromov–von Neumann [Formula: see text]-invariants for amenable groups developed by Cha–Orr and polynomial splittings of metabelian [Formula: see text]-invariants.
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Zhao, Cao, and Yong Ji. "Recurrence in mean for group actions." Stochastics and Dynamics 20, no. 01 (June 17, 2019): 2050006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493720500069.
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In this paper, the mean values of the recurrence are computed for general group actions. Let [Formula: see text] be a metric space with a finite measure [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a countable group acting on [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a sequence of subsets of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and put [Formula: see text]. If the Hausdorff measure [Formula: see text] is finite on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-invariant. We assume that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are concordant. Then the function [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-integrable and for any [Formula: see text]-measurable set [Formula: see text] we have [Formula: see text] If moreover, [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text] without the concordance condition for the measure [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]
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Regina, Llamosas-Senties, Martinez Borja Livia, and Ayala San Pedro J Alejandro. "Concordance between body fat percentage stablished by bio impedance and estimation formulas based in anthropometric measurements." Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control 11, no. 5 (October 11, 2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2021.11.00351.
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Obesity is one of the most important health issues worldwide. According to the Mexican National Survey of Health and Nutrition 2018 “ENSANUT”, 76.8% of women and 73% of men who are 18 years or older are overweight or obese, and the majority are not well diagnosed. One of the greatest difficulties in order to diagnose this disease is the poor correlation between the BMI and the real fat percentage. There are different ways to estimate the fat percentage. Some of them are the formulas based on anthropometric measures. We conducted a retrolective, descriptive, transversal trial to analyze the correlation between the fat percentage measured by bioelectrical impedance with In Body 230 and the one calculated with the Deurenberg, Lean, and CUN BAE formulas in Mexican adults. We analyzed 319 people, 111 men, and 208 women. The average age was 43.8, and 44.13 years, respectively. The average BMI for each gender was 36.5 kg/m2 and 33.8 kg/m2, and the average fat percentage was 38.23 and 45.53 respectively. We calculated de Pearson correlation index between fat percentage mesure by bioelectrical impedance and the one calculated by the formulas enlisted before. We also calculated the W/H and the average between the three formulas. The Pearson correlation index for Deurenberg’s formula was 0.71, for men and 0.816 for women. For Lean’s formula was 0.622 for men and 0.701 for women, and for CUN BAE’s formula 0.77for men, and 0.856 for women. All of them with estatistical significance (p<0.001). For the W/H was 0.702 (p<0.001) for men and 0.681 (p<0.001) for women, and for the average of the three formulas was 0.73 (p<0.001) for men and 0.828 (p<0.001) for women. In conclusion CUN BAE´s and Deurenberg’s formulas have a higher correlation with the fat percentage in both genders, and CUN BAE’s formula is the one with more correlation in women.
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Lee, Kwang-No, Jong-Il Choi, Yun Gi Kim, Ki Yung Boo, Do Young Kim, Yun Young Choi, Ha Young Choi, et al. "Comparison of Renal Function Estimation Formulae for Dosing Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122034.
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The Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula is recommended to guide clinicians in the choice of the appropriate dosage for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). However, the performance of the CG formula varies depending on the patient’s age, weight, and degree of renal function. We aimed to compare the validity of the CG formula with that of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulae for dosing DOACs. A total of 6268 consecutive patients on anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation (AF) were retrospectively investigated. Among underweight and elderly patients, the CG formula underestimated renal function compared with the non-CG formulae. However, the concordant rate of drug indications between the CG and the non-CG formulae was approximately 94%. On-label uses under the three formulae were associated with a lower risk of major bleeding (but not thromboembolism) compared to warfarin. Although we found differences in estimating renal function and the proportions of drug indications between the CG and non-CG formulae, the risks of thromboembolism and major bleeding were similar to those with warfarin regardless of which formula was used.
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Martin, Taylor, and Carolyn Otto. "Splittings of link concordance groups." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 26, no. 02 (February 2017): 1740007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216517400077.
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We establish several results about two short exact sequences involving lower terms of the [Formula: see text]-solvable filtration, [Formula: see text] of the string link concordance group [Formula: see text]. We utilize the Thom–Pontryagin construction to show that the Sato–Levine invariants [Formula: see text] must vanish for 0.5-solvable links. Using this result, we show that the short exact sequence [Formula: see text] does not split for links of two or more components, in contrast to the fact that it splits for knots. Considering lower terms of the filtration [Formula: see text] in the short exact sequence [Formula: see text], we show that while the sequence does not split for [Formula: see text], it does indeed split for [Formula: see text]. This allows us to determine that the quotient [Formula: see text].
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Ren, Xueming, Yanhui Wang, and K. P. Shum. "U-Concordant Semigroups." Algebra Colloquium 25, no. 02 (May 22, 2018): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386718000214.
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We introduce the relations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with respect to a subset U of idempotents. Based on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we define a new class of semigroups which we name U-concordant semigroups. Our purpose is to describe U-concordant semigroups by generalized categories over a regular biordered set. We show that the category of U-concordant semigroups and admissible morphisms is isomorphic to the category of RBS generalized categories and pseudo functors. Our approach is inspired from Armstrong’s work on the connection between regular biordered sets and concordant semigroups. The significant difference in strategy is by using RBS generalized categories equipped with pre-orders, we have no need to discuss the quotient of a category factored by a congruence.
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Ertürk Zararsız, Gözde, Serkan Bolat, Ahu Cephe, Necla Kochan, Serra İlayda Yerlitaş, Halef Okan Doğan, and Gökmen Zararsız. "Validation of Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins and Sampson low-density lipoprotein cholesterol equations." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 13, 2022): e0263860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263860.
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Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an important biomarker for determining cardiovascular risk and regulating lipid lowering therapy. Therefore, the accurate estimation of LDL-C concentration is essential in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and prognosis. Sampson recently proposed a new formula for the estimation of LDL-C. However, little is known regarding the validation of this formula. Objectives This study aimed to validate this new formula with other well-known formulas in Turkish population, composed of adults. Methods A total of 88,943 participants above 18 years old at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital (Sivas, Turkey) were included to this study. LDL-C was directly measured by homogeneous assays, i.e., Roche, Beckman and Siemens and estimated by Friedewald’s, Martin-Hopkins’, extended Martin-Hopkins’ and Sampson’s formulas. The concordances between the estimations obtained by the formulas and the direct measurements were evaluated both in general and separately for the LDL-C, TG and non-HDL-C sublevels. Linear regression analysis was applied and residual error plots were generated between each estimation and direct measurement method. Coefficient of determination (R2) and mean absolute deviations were also calculated. Results The results showed that the extended Martin-Hopkins approach provided the most concordant results with the direct assays for LDL-C estimation. The results also showed that the highest concordances were obtained between the direct assays with the extended Martin-Hopkins formula calculated with the median statistics obtained from our own population. On the other hand, it was observed that the results of the methods may differ in different assays. The extended Martin-Hopkins approach, calculated from the median statistics of our population, gave the most concordant results in patients with “low LDL-C level (LDL-C levels < 70 mg/dL) or hypertriglyceridemia (TG levels ≥ 400 mg/dL)”. Conclusions Although the results of the formulas in different assays may vary, the extended Martin-Hopkins approach was the best one with the highest overall concordances. The validity of the Martin Hopkins’ and Sampson’s formulas has to be further investigated in different populations.
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Wróbel, Paweł, Rafał Januszek, and Władysław Sułowicz. "Comparison of the usefulness of selected formulas for GFR estimation in patients with diagnosed chronic kidney disease." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 72 (March 14, 2018): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.6387.
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Introduction: The diagnosis and classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are based on the glomerular filtration rate value. The simplest way to evaluate glomerular filtration rate is to estimate it based on serum creatinine concentration using one of many specific mathematical formulas. None of the formulas created for this purpose are perfect. Differences in eGFR values are frequently observed in specific stages of chronic kidney disease by KDIGO classification based on different formulas. Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the eGFR value in patients previously diagnosed with CKD treated in the Outpatient Nephrology Unit of the University Hospital in Krakow using the selected formulas. Material/Methods: The study was performed in a group of 882 patients (392 women, 490 men) aged 65.0 ± 14.8 years. GFR values were estimated using Bjornsson, the abbreviated MDRD, and CKD-EPI formulas. These values were then compared according to chronic kidney disease stage and age groups: above and below 60 years. Results: The mean eGFR value was for Bjornsson formula- 47.2 ± 21.1 ml/min/1.73m2, abbreviated MDRD formula- 38.8 ± 15.2 ml/min/1.73m2, and CKD-EPI formula- 37.7 ± 15.9 ml/min/1.73m2. There was a large concordance in eGFR values obtained using the CKD-EPI and abbreviated MDRD formulas in every stage of chronic kidney disease and in both age groups. The Bjornsson formula significantly increased the number of patients in early stages of CKD, G1 - 33 vs 2 (abbreviated MDRD) and 6 (CKD-EPI), G2- 186 vs 70 (abbreviated MDRD) and 69 (CKD-EPI). Conclusions: CKD-EPI and abbreviated MDRD formulas have a similar usefulness in GFR value estimation in patients with diagnosed chronic kidney disease. Lower eGFR values achieved using abbreviated MDRD formula and CKD-EPI equation in comparison with Bjornsson’s formula may result in an increased number of patients diagnosed with CKD.
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Graciano Vera, Noiver, Luis Pino Villarreal, and Jenny Ureña Vargas. "Carboplatin Dosing Accuracy by Estimation of Glomerular Filtration versus Creatinuria in Cancer Patients." Chemotherapy 63, no. 3 (2018): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488538.
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Background: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential for calculating the dose and the monitoring of carboplatin. Although GFR measurement (mGFR) by external markers is ideal, in most cases these are not employed; the most used method is GFR estimation (eGFR) by formulae, hence the need to identify the formula with the best performance. Methods: Patients admitted between 2011 and 2017 and diagnosed with ovarian, endometrial, lung, esophageal, or testicular cancer were assessed retrospectively. The accuracy of the carboplatin dose calculated by creatinine concordance and by the Cockroft-Gault (CG), CKD-EPI, MDRD, Wright, and Jelliffe formulae was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Fifty-six medical histories were analyzed. The best accuracy was observed between the Wright formula (i.e., 0.71) and the dose calculated based on the 24-h creatinine clearance. Stratification by CKD was made in depurations < 60 mL/min, where the Jelliffe value was excellent (i.e., 0.75). In depurations ≥60 mL/min, CKD-EPI was the best formula, with an accuracy of 0.65. CG was the formula with the worst performance in calculating the dose and glomerular filtration, losing its usefulness with very low filtrations. Conclusions: GFR formulae and calculation of the carboplatin dose have good accuracy with the GFR obtained based on the 24-h creatinine clearance, with the Wright formula being the one with best performance and CG the one with worst performance.
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CHA, JAE CHOON. "THE EFFECT OF MUTATION ON LINK CONCORDANCE, 3-MANIFOLDS, AND THE MILNOR INVARIANTS." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 15, no. 02 (February 2006): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216506004415.
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We study the effect of mutation on link concordance and 3-manifolds. We show that the set of links concordant to sublinks of homology boundary links is not closed under positive mutation. We also show that mutation does not preserve homology cobordism classes of 3-manifolds. A significant consequence is that there exist 3-manifolds which have the same quantum SU(2) -invariants but are not homology cobordant. These results are obtained by investigating the effect of mutation on the Milnor [Formula: see text]-invariants, or equivalently the Massey products.
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RASHID, I., MSN KHAN, A. RAZA, S. AHSAN, and UB TARIQ. "COMPARISON STUDY OF CYSTATIN C & CREATININE-BASED GFR FORMULAS WITH 51CR-EDTA CLEARANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 2023, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.367.
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This study aimed to compare cystatin C and Creatinine based GFR equations with 51Cr-EDTA clearance as the gold standard in cirrhotic patients. A prospective study was conducted in the Hepatology & Medicine Departments of Tertiary Care Hospitals. A total of 140 patients were included in the study. 66 cirrhotic patients correlated with cystatin C with creatinine and 74 patients correlating 51Cr-EDTA glomerular filtration rate to adjustments of diet in renal disease and Larsson and Hoek formulas for Cystatin C were selected for the study. Bland-Altman plots and concordance correlation coefficients were used to evaluate agreements. The correlation between cystatin C and bilirubin was poor, and the correlation between bilirubin and creatinine was strong. The medium values of creatinine and cystatin C were greater in a group with a GFR of more than 70 ml (27 patients), and their difference was significant (p <0.0001). The new GFR obtained by the creatinine formula was more accurate than GFR obtained by the cystatin C formula. With a 50% change in GFR, the creatinine formula provided a 90% GFR estimate. CysC formulas are not better for estimating glomerular filtration rate than creatinine formulas.
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Sant’Anna, Bruna Calixto, Gisella Meireles de Castro Lage, Silvia Maria Custódio das Dores, Luis Guillermo Coca Velarde, Sérgio Girão Barroso, and Gabrielle de Souza Rocha. "Agreement among methods for study estimation of elderly height at the nutrition ambulatory." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 21, no. 6 (December 2018): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562018021.180114.
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Abstract Objective: to evaluate methods of elderly height estimation attended at the Nutrition ambulatory. Method: a total of 43 elderly individuals of both genders were evaluated during nutrition consultations. Sociodemographic data were collected from charts and height, knee height, arms wingspan and semi-span were measured. Statistical analysis were made through Bland-Altman test to evaluate concordance among statures estimated by predictive formulas and the height measured. Results: the values found were: height measured in meters 1.53 (±0.08), height estimated by the wingspan 1.60 (±0.10), by the semi-span 1.61 (±0.11) and by the knee height 1.56 (±0.10). According to the Bland-Altman graph, the height estimated by knee height showed a better agreement with the measured height. Conclusion: according to this study results, poor predictive formulas concordance in height estimation in elderly, using the measures: arms wingspan and semi-span with real stature measured were observed. Knee height, using Chumlea formula, presented the best concordance with measured stature and seems to be a good way for stature estimation at the studied population.
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Djite, Moustapha, Philomène Lopez Sall, Ambroise Wonkam, Aynina Cisse, Ibrahima Diagne, Saliou Diop, Papa Madièye Gueye, et al. "Détermination du débit de filtration glomérulaire au cours de la drépanocytose au Sénégal: Schwartz, Cockcroft et Gault, MDRD, CKD-EPI ou JSCCS ?" International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 6 (February 22, 2022): 2283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i6.4.
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La détermination du Débit de Filtration Glomérulaire (DFG) est importante chez les drépanocytaires du fait qu’ils constituent un groupe de patients chez lesquels des atteintes rénales sont fréquemment décrites notamment l’hyperfiltration glomérulaire. Dès lors, à une époque où les calculateurs en ligne proposent simultanément différentes formules de détermination du DFG, il serait important d’évaluer au sein d’une population noire africaine drépanocytaire l’équivalence entre ces formules qui ont été développées et validées sur des populations caucasiennes et afro-américaines à DFG normal ou diminué. Ainsi cette étude avait pour but d’évaluer l’interchangeabilité des différentes formules de détermination du DFG en les appliquant à des drépanocytaires. Des enfants et adultes sénégalais drépanocytaires homozygotes ont été alors recrutés et leur DFG calculé. La fréquence de l’hyperfiltration glomérulaire et celle de l’insuffisance rénale ont été calculées à partir des résultats obtenus avec les formules de Schwartz et du CKD-EPI. La concordance des différentes formules a été évaluée avec la méthode Bland-Altman. Au total 56 adultes et 62 enfants ont été inclus dans l’étude. L’insuffisance rénale a été notée chez 1,78% des adultes et 9,68% des enfants ; l’hyperfiltration glomérulaire chez 66,10% des adultes et 25,8% des enfants. Par rapport aux formules de référence (CKD-EPI, Schwartz), tous les biais relevés étaient significativement différents de zéro à l’exception de celui de Cockcroftet Gault qui était statistiquement nul. Les limites de concordance étaient toutes inacceptablement larges par rapport aux limites attendues à l’exception de celles du CKD-EPI sans ajustement sur la race. Ainsi, la formule de Schwartz n’était pas interchangeable avec celle du JSCCS chez les enfants, tout comme celle du CKD-EPI ne l’était pas non plus avec celles du JSCCS, de Cockcroft, du MDRD ou du CKD-EPI sans ajustement sur la race chez les adultes drépanocytaires.
English title: Determination of glomerular filtration rate in sickle cell disease in Senegal: Schwartz, Cockcroft and Gault, MDRD, CKD-EPI or JSCCS?
Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is important in patients living with sickle cell disease (SCD) because they constitute a group of patients where kidney dysfunction is frequently described, in particular glomerular hyperfiltration. Therefore, at a time when online calculators simultaneously propose different formulas to estimate GFR, it would be important to evaluate in a black African population living with SCD the equivalence between these formulas which have been developed and validated on Caucasian and African American populations with normal or decreased GFR. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate interchangeability of different GFR formulas in a group of patients living with SCD. Homozygous Senegalese sickle cell children and adults were then recruited and their GFR computed using Schwartz and JSCCS in children, Cockcroft and Gault, CKD-EPI with and without adjustment for ethnicity, MDRD and JSCCS formulas in adults. The frequency of glomerular hyperfiltration and renal failure was computed based on the results generated using Schwartz and CKD-EPI formulas. The agreement between formulas was assessed with Bland-Altman method. A total of 56 adults and 62 children were included in this study. Renal failure was observed in 1.78% of adults and 9.68% of children; glomerular hyperfiltration in 66.10% of adults and 25.8% of children. Compared with reference formulas (CKD-EPI, Schwartz), all biases found were significantly different from zero except for Cockcroft and Gault formula bias, which was statistically zero. The limits of agreement were all unacceptably wide compared with the expected limits with the exception of CKD-EPI without adjustment for ethnicity. Thus, Schwartz formula would not be interchangeable with JSCCS formula in children, nor was the CKD-EPI formula interchangeable with the JSCCS, Cockcroft and Gault, MDRD or CKD-EPI without adjustment for ethnicity formulas in adults living with sickle cell anemia.
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Chrisman, Micah. "Band-passes and long virtual knot concordance." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 26, no. 10 (September 2017): 1750057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216517500572.
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Every classical knot is band-pass equivalent to the unknot or the trefoil. The band-pass class of a knot is a concordance invariant. Every ribbon knot, for example, is band-pass equivalent to the unknot. Here we introduce the long virtual knot concordance group [Formula: see text]. It is shown that for every concordance class [Formula: see text], there is a [Formula: see text] that is not band-pass equivalent to [Formula: see text] and an [Formula: see text] that is not band-pass equivalent to either the long unknot or any long trefoil. This is accomplished by proving that [Formula: see text] is a band-pass invariant but not a concordance invariant of long virtual knots, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] generate the degree two Polyak group for long virtual knots.
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Park, Kyungbae. "On independence of iterated Whitehead doubles in the knot concordance group." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 27, no. 01 (January 2018): 1850003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216518500037.
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Let [Formula: see text] be the positively clasped untwisted Whitehead double of a knot [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] be the [Formula: see text] torus knot. We show that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are linearly independent in the smooth knot concordance group [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text]. Further, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] generate a [Formula: see text] summand in the subgroup of [Formula: see text] generated by topologically slice knots. We use the concordance invariant [Formula: see text] of Manolescu and Owens, using Heegaard Floer correction term. Interestingly, these results are not easily shown using other concordance invariants such as the [Formula: see text]-invariant of knot Floer theory and the [Formula: see text]-invariant of Khovanov homology. We also determine the infinity version of the knot Floer complex of [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text] generalizing a result for [Formula: see text] of Hedden, Kim and Livingston.
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Boden, Hans U., and Micah Chrisman. "Virtual concordance and the generalized Alexander polynomial." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 30, no. 05 (April 2021): 2150030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216521500309.
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We use the Bar-Natan Ж-correspondence to identify the generalized Alexander polynomial of a virtual knot with the Alexander polynomial of a two component welded link. We show that the Ж-map is functorial under concordance, and also that Satoh’s Tube map (from welded links to ribbon knotted tori in [Formula: see text]) is functorial under concordance. In addition, we extend classical results of Chen, Milnor and Hillman on the lower central series of link groups to links in thickened surfaces. Our main result is that the generalized Alexander polynomial vanishes on any knot in a thickened surface which is virtually concordant to a homologically trivial knot. In particular, this shows that it vanishes on virtually slice knots. We apply it to complete the calculation of the slice genus for virtual knots with four crossings and to determine non-sliceness for a number of 5-crossing and 6-crossing virtual knots.
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Dey, Subhankar, and Hakan Doğa. "A combinatorial description of the knot concordance invariant epsilon." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 30, no. 06 (May 2021): 2150036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021821652150036x.
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In this paper, we give a combinatorial description of the concordance invariant [Formula: see text] defined by Hom, prove some properties of this invariant using grid homology techniques. We compute the value of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] torus knots and prove that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is a grid diagram for a positive braid. Furthermore, we show how [Formula: see text] behaves under [Formula: see text]-cabling of negative torus knots.
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Tang, Yen-An, I.-Ning Huang, Shiow-Jan Lee, H. Sunny Sun, and Hsien-An Pan. "#165 : Application of a Highly Reliable Protocol of Non-Invasive Preimplantation Genetic Testing for IVF Cycles and Its Clinical Outcome." Fertility & Reproduction 05, no. 04 (December 2023): 603–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223743394.
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Background and Aims: The non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (niPGT-A) using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from the spent culture medium (SCM) has been reported. Nevertheless, the recommendation of niPGT-A in routine IVF clinics has been controversial due to diverse study conditions. To establish a reliable clinical protocol, the critical factors affecting accuracy of niPGT-A assay and clinical outcomes were investigated. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-two blastocysts from 94 patients undergoing IVF between January 2021 and August 2022 were analyzed. In a frozen embryo arm (n=100), the accuracy of niPGT-A and PGT-A using SCM and corresponding trophectoderm (TE) biopsy, respectively, was examined when compared with whole blastocysts as gold standard. In a fresh embryo arm (n=262), the concordance between niPGT-A and PGT-A were analyzed. Results: Comparing different commercial kits, the PicoPLEX Gold showed the highest sequencing quality and accuracy. Through applying an optimized threshold for mosaicism, the overall PPV, NPV, specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of niPGT-A reached to 92.1%, 88.2%, 75.0%, 96.7%, and 91.3%, respectively. Regarding the fresh embryos, niPGT-A and PGT-A had reached a ploidy concordant rate of 76.5% and sex concordant rate of 90.7%. Applying assisted-hatching effectively elevated the amplification rate ( [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.001), and the accuracy of niPGT-A (91.3%) was significantly better than PGT-A (79.2%, [Formula: see text] =0.033). The longer culture duration improved the ploidy concordance (1-day: 63.6%, 2-day: 73.5%, 3-day: 83.6%). Finally, 21 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles were performed and guided by euploid results of the TE biopsy. Live-birth rate was higher in euploid-TE/euploid-SCM (54.4%) than in euploid-TE/aneuploid-SCM (30.0%), and no miscarriages were observed in euploid-TE/euploid-SCM. Conclusions: Our current niPGT-A workflow adopts from the most common clinical setting of embryo culture and shows superior accuracy. Given the nature of niPGT-A that reflects the ploid state of the whole blastocyst, larger scale studies are warranted to support niPGT-A in routine clinical practice.
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Miller, Allison N. "Distinguishing mutant pretzel knots in concordance." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 26, no. 07 (March 31, 2017): 1750041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216517500419.
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We prove that many four-strand pretzel knots of the form [Formula: see text] are not topologically slice, even though their positive mutants [Formula: see text] are ribbon. We use the sliceness obstruction of Kirk and Livingston [Twisted Alexander invariants, Reidemeister torsion, and Casson–Gordon invariants, Topology 38 (1999) 635–661], related to the twisted Alexander polynomials associated to prime power cyclic covers of knots.
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Dolgodrova, Tatiana A. "German Editions of the “Formula of Concord” of the 16th century in the Collection of the Russian State Library." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 68, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-4-375-382.
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The author considers the publications of the “Formula of Concord” (lat. Formula Concordiae), one of the principal symbolic books of Lutheranism. For the first time the article reveals part of the collections of the Russian State Library (RSL), containing within the displaced cultural values ten editions of the “Formula of Concord” in German, the first of them (Dresden, 1580, Shtekel and Berg Printers) is presented in four copies. The article traces the entire history of the monument, which is equal by dogmatic significance to the “Augsburg Confession” — the earliest exposition of the doctrinal statements of Lutheranism. “Book of Concord” was supposed to stop the strife between Orthodox Gnesiolutherans and Pro-Calvinist Melanchthonists that arose after Luther’s death, when his friend and associate Philip Melanchthon, inclined to Calvinism, became the head of Lutherans. In matters of faith, he showed pliability, which provoked conflicts. Jacob Andreae became the author of the concise version of Concordia. Martin Chemnitz took over the editorship of the article “On Free Will”, and David Khitreus, who was involved in the issues of Communion, joined the work. The first version of the “Formula of Concord” was completed in the summer of 1576 in the city of Torgau, where Elector Augustus of Saxony convened the theological Convention. After receiving comments and minor amendments, the document was solemnly signed in Berg on May 29, 1577.The author analyses the composition of the book. The original version in 12 articles was written in German, and then translated into Latin by Lucas Osiander. However, the desire to unite all Lutheran churches under the auspices of the new symbol did not succeed — the “Formula of Concord” received Church’s recognition only in the electorates of Saxony and some other areas.The study of all ten copies of “Concordia” from the RSL leads to the conclusion that this almost complete collection of all published editions of “Formula of Concord” gives a largely comprehensive view of them: demonstrates borrowings, imitations of the first edition (Dresden, 1580), as well as features and innovations of individual publications. Some of them are unique, for example, the personal copy of the Saxon elector Augustus or the illuminated copy belonged to the Dukes of Saxony. The article may be of interest to art historians, book historians, source researchers and museum workers.
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Ertürk Zararsız, Gözde, Serkan Bolat, Ahu Cephe, Necla Kochan, Serra Ilayda Yerlitaş, Halef Okan Doğan, and Gökmen Zararsız. "Validation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol equations in pediatric population." PeerJ 11 (January 5, 2023): e14544. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14544.
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Several studies have shown a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in children. Since childhood lipid concentrations continue into adulthood, recognition of lipid abnormalities in the early period is crucial to prevent the development of future coronary heart disease (CHD). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the most used parameters in the initiation and follow-up of treatment in patients with dyslipidemia. It is a well known fact that LDL-C lowering therapy reduces the risk of future CHD. Therefore, accurate determination of the LDL-C levels is so important for the management of lipid abnormalities. This study aimed to validate different LDL-C estimating equations in the Turkish population, composed of children and adolescents. A total of 3,908 children below 18 years old at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital (Sivas, Turkey) were included in this study. LDL-C was directly measured by direct homogeneous assays, i.e., Roche, Beckman, Siemens and estimated by Friedewald’s, Martin/Hopkins’, extended Martin-Hopkins’ and Sampson’s formulas. The concordances between the estimations obtained by the formulas and the direct measurements were evaluated both overall and separately for the LDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) sublevels. Linear regression analysis was performed and residual error plots were generated between each estimation and direct measurement method. Coefficient of determination (R2) and mean absolute deviations were also evaluated. The overall concordance of Friedewald, Sampson, Martin-Hopkins and the extended Martin-Hopkins formula were 64.6%, 69.9%, 69.4%, and 84.3% for the Roche direct assay, 69.8%, 71.6%, 73.6% and 80.4% for the Siemens direct assay, 66.5%, 68.8%, 68.9% and 82.1% for the Beckman direct assay, respectively. The extended Martin-Hopkins formula had the highest concordance coefficient in both overall and all sublevels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG. When estimating the LDL-C categories, the highest underestimation degrees were obtained with the Friedewald formula. Our analysis, conducted in a large pediatric population, showed that the extended Martin-Hopkins equation gives more reliable results in estimation of LDL-C compared to other equations.
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Kreinbihl, James. "A Fox–Milnor theorem for knots in a thickened surface." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 28, no. 12 (October 2019): 1950073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216519500731.
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A knot in a thickened surface [Formula: see text] is a smooth embedding [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a closed, connected, orientable surface. There is a bijective correspondence between knots in [Formula: see text] and knots in [Formula: see text], so one can view the study of knots in thickened surfaces as an extension of classical knot theory. An immediate question is if other classical definitions, concepts, and results extend or generalize to the study of knots in a thickened surface. One such famous result is the Fox–Milnor Theorem, which relates the Alexander polynomials of concordant knots. We prove a Fox–Milnor Theorem for concordant knots in a thickened surface by using Milnor torsion.
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Vance, Katherine. "Tau invariants for balanced spatial graphs." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 29, no. 09 (August 2020): 2050066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216520500662.
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In 2003, Ozsváth and Szabó defined the concordance invariant [Formula: see text] for knots in oriented 3-manifolds as part of the Heegaard Floer homology package. In 2011, Sarkar gave a combinatorial definition of [Formula: see text] for knots in [Formula: see text] and a combinatorial proof that [Formula: see text] gives a lower bound for the slice genus of a knot. Recently, Harvey and O’Donnol defined a relatively bigraded combinatorial Heegaard Floer homology theory for transverse spatial graphs in [Formula: see text], extending HFK for knots. We define a [Formula: see text]-filtered chain complex for balanced spatial graphs whose associated graded chain complex has homology determined by Harvey and O’Donnol’s graph Floer homology. We use this to show that there is a well-defined [Formula: see text] invariant for balanced spatial graphs generalizing the [Formula: see text] knot concordance invariant. In particular, this defines a [Formula: see text] invariant for links in [Formula: see text]. Using techniques similar to those of Sarkar, we show that our [Formula: see text] invariant is an obstruction to a link being slice.
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Meilhan, Jean-Baptiste, and Sakie Suzuki. "The universal sl2 invariant and Milnor invariants." International Journal of Mathematics 27, no. 11 (October 2016): 1650090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x16500907.
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The universal [Formula: see text] invariant of string links has a universality property for the colored Jones polynomial of links, and takes values in the [Formula: see text]-adic completed tensor powers of the quantized enveloping algebra of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we exhibit explicit relationships between the universal [Formula: see text] invariant and Milnor invariants, which are classical invariants generalizing the linking number, providing some new topological insight into quantum invariants. More precisely, we define a reduction of the universal [Formula: see text] invariant, and show how it is captured by Milnor concordance invariants. We also show how a stronger reduction corresponds to Milnor link-homotopy invariants. As a byproduct, we give explicit criterions for invariance under concordance and link-homotopy of the universal [Formula: see text] invariant, and in particular for sliceness. Our results also provide partial constructions for the still-unknown weight system of the universal [Formula: see text] invariant.
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Jammerthal, Tobias. "The Transformation of the Wittenberg Concord in Philip Melanchthon's Correspondence from Statement to Formula for Concord." Lutheran Quarterly 37, no. 2 (June 2023): 136–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lut.2023.0061.
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Warnick, G. R., R. H. Knopp, V. Fitzpatrick, and L. Branson. "Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.1.15.
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Abstract We compared low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) values obtained by the Friedewald formula--i.e., total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol minus very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (estimated as triglyceride divided by 5)--with those obtained by lipoprotein fractionation, using 4736 specimens. When triglycerides were less than 2.0 g/L, greater than 90% of estimated LDL cholesterol values were acceptable, within +/- 10% of measured values. At triglyceride concentrations of 2.0-4.0 g/L and 4.0-6.0 g/L, only 72% and 39%, respectively, of the estimates were acceptable. LDL values derived from an alternative formula, estimating VLDL as triglycerides divided by 6, were even less accurate. Nevertheless, the use of estimated LDL for risk classification based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel cutpoints of 1.30 and 1.60 g/L was considered acceptable. At triglyceride concentrations less than or equal to 5.0 g/L, 88% of classifications based on estimated LDL (using triglycerides divided by 5) were concordant with those by measured LDL. Eleven percent of classifications were shifted across one cutpoint, evenly distributed between high and low. Fewer than 1% of classifications, all with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, were misclassified two cutpoints high. Refinements in the estimation model did not substantially improve LDL estimation or concordance of risk classification.
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Kim, Hyun-Ki, and Tae-Dong Jeong. "Clinical Relevance of a Vancomycin 24 h Area under the Concentration—Time Curve Values Using Different Renal Function Equations in Bayesian Dosing Software." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13010120.
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With the updated 2020 vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) guidelines suggesting a ratio of area under the curve over 24 h to a minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC24/MIC) as a target from the Infectious Diseases Society of America, an accurate estimation of AUC24 has become more critical. We aim to compare the AUC24 using Bayesian dosing software according to various estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations in order to analyze the clinical impact of eGFR in vancomycin TDM. We reviewed the TDM dataset of 214 adult patients and analyzed the AUC24 values from various renal function equations, including the Cockcroft-Gault (C-G), the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI), and the revised Lund–Malmö. The AUC24/MIC results (assuming a MIC of 1 mg/L) were divided into three groups as follows: <400, 400–600, and >600. Additionally, we compared the group agreement between the C-G and the three eGFR formulas. Although there was a statistically significant difference in the AUC24 of the MDRD and the CKD-EPI formulas compared to the C-G, the group concordance rate of the eGFR formula was 95.2–100%, which indicates no clinical significance. The clinical impact of the eGFR formula type on drug dosing recommendations in vancomycin TDM using Bayesian software was insignificant in clinical practice.
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Cavallo, Alberto. "On the slice genus and some concordance invariants of links." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 24, no. 04 (April 2015): 1550021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216515500212.
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We introduce a new class of links for which we give a lower bound for the slice genus g*, using the generalized Rasmussen invariant. We show that this bound, in some cases, allows one to compute g* exactly; in particular, we compute g* for torus links. We also study another link invariant: the strong slice genus [Formula: see text]. Studying the behavior of a specific type of cobordisms in Lee homology, a lower bound for [Formula: see text] is also given.
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Muntean, Paul, Monica Neagu, Elena Amaricai, Horia G. Haragus, Roxana Ramona Onofrei, and Adrian Neagu. "Using A-Mode Ultrasound to Assess the Body Composition of Soccer Players: A Comparative Study of Prediction Formulas." Diagnostics 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2023): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040690.
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For elite athletes, monitoring body composition is important for maximizing performance without health risks. Amplitude (A)-mode ultrasound (AUS) has attracted increasing attention as an alternative to skinfold thickness measurements commonly used for assessing the amount of body fat in athletes. AUS accuracy and precision, however, depend on the formula used to predict body fat percentage (%BF) from subcutaneous fat layer thicknesses. Therefore, this study evaluates the accuracy of the 1-point biceps (B1), 9-sites Parrillo, 3-sites Jackson and Pollock (JP3), and 7-sites Jackson and Pollock (JP7) formulas. Relying on the previous validation of the JP3 formula in college-aged male athletes, we took AUS measurements in 54 professional soccer players (aged 22.9 ± 3.83 y, mean ± SD) and compared the results given by different formulas. The Kruskal–Wallis test indicated significant differences (p < 10−6), and Conover’s post hoc test revealed that the JP3 and JP7 data come from the same distribution, whereas the data given by B1 and P9 differ from all the others. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients for B1 vs. JP7, P9 vs. JP7, and JP3 vs. JP7 were 0.464, 0.341, and 0.909, respectively. The Bland–Altman analysis indicated mean differences of −0.5 %BF between JP3 and JP7, 4.7 %BF between P9 and JP7, and 3.1 %BF between B1 and JP7. This study suggests that JP7 and JP3 are equally valid, whereas P9 and B1 overestimate %BF in athletes.
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Jang, Hye Jin. "Two-torsion in the grope and solvable filtrations of knots." International Journal of Mathematics 28, no. 04 (April 2017): 1750023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x17500239.
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We study knots of order [Formula: see text] in the grope filtration [Formula: see text] and the solvable filtration [Formula: see text] of the knot concordance group. We show that, for any integer [Formula: see text], there are knots generating a [Formula: see text] subgroup of [Formula: see text]. Considering the solvable filtration, our knots generate a [Formula: see text] subgroup of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] distinct from the subgroup generated by the previously known [Formula: see text]-torsion knots of Cochran, Harvey, and Leidy. We also present a result on the [Formula: see text]-torsion part in the Cochran, Harvey, and Leidy’s primary decomposition of the solvable filtration.
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Miller, Maggie. "Concordances from the standard surface in S2 × S2." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 28, no. 09 (August 2019): 1950057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216519500573.
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In this paper, we combine the recent four-dimensional light bulb theorem of David Gabai and a construction of concordances for knots in [Formula: see text] due to Eylem Zeliha Yildiz to construct an explicit concordance between the standard surface of genus [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] and any homologous surface using elementary methods.
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Liu, Hsien-Kuan, Yung-Ning Yang, Shu-Leei Tey, Pei-Ling Wu, San-Nan Yang, and Chien-Yi Wu. "Weight Is More Accurate than Gestational Age When Estimating the Optimal Endotracheal Tube Depth in Neonates." Children 8, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8050324.
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Determining the optimal endotracheal tube (ETT) depth in neonates remains challenging for neonatologists. The guideline for optimal ETT depth is based on the patients’ weight or gestational age. However, there is a discrepancy in the suggested ETT depth between these two parameters. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the recommended weight-based and age-based formulas for optimal ETT depth and obtain the optimal reference before intubation. Participants were assigned to group 1 if the recommended ETT insertion depth based on weight was concordant with the recommended depth based on gestational age, and to group 2 if the weight and age-based depth recommendations were discordant. After exclusion, 180 patients were included in the analysis. Results indicated that the predicted ETT depth suggested by age required more adjustment than by weight (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the required adjustment in the weight-based formula was smaller than the age-based formula (p < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that weight was the key factor affecting the optimal depth (p < 0.001). These results imply that when there is a discrepancy in ETT depth between the weight-based and age-based recommendation, the weight-based one will be more accurate than the age-based one.
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Leuschner, Renata G. K., Jan Bew, F. Alfonsina, C. Blanco, J. Bräunig, F. Brookes, E. Friedl, et al. "A Medium for the Presumptive Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in Infant Formula: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.3.604.
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Abstract A standard method for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae was modified for the presumptive detection of Enterobacter sakazakii, and the modified method was validated in an interlaboratory trial with 16 laboratories from 8 European countries. The modification included a differential-elective medium for the isolation of E. sakazakii, consisting of nutrient agar (NA) supplemented with 4-methyl-umbelliferyl α-D-glucoside (α-MUG). A 25 g sample was added to 225 mL buffered peptone water. After incubation at 35° or 37°C for 16 or 20 h, 10 mL nonselective enrichment was transferred into 90 mL selective enrichment. The selective enrichment was streaked on violet-red bile glucose agar (VRBGA) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. It was streaked in parallel on NA plates supplemented with α-MUG at 50 mg/L and incubated at 25°C for 16 h, and afterwards for an additional 24 h at room temperature in the dark. E. sakazakii appeared as vivid yellow colonies under normal light and showed blue/violet fluorescence under UV light on NA + α-MUG plates. Validation samples represented powdered infant formula without E. sakazakii (blanks) and with low (1–10 colony-forming units [CFU]/25 g) and medium (1–10 CFU/g) contamination levels. All samples contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactobacillus spp. as background flora. The specificity for blank samples was 100%. The sensitivity of the low contamination level was similar for VRBGA and NA + α-MUG, i.e., 66.7% (66.7% accordance, 53.9% concordance). For the medium level the sensitivities were 96.7% (93.3% accordance, 93.5% concordance) for VRBGA and 98.3% (96.9% accordance, 96.9% concordance) for NA + α-MUG.
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Raj, Ganesh V., Alexia Iasonos, Harry Herr, and Sherri Machele Donat. "Formulas Calculating Creatinine Clearance Are Inadequate for Determining Eligibility for Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 19 (July 1, 2006): 3095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.04.3091.
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Purpose Efficacy of formulas calculating creatinine clearance (CrCl) to determine renal function eligibility (CrCl > 60 mL/min) for cisplatin-based chemotherapy has not been examined adequately in the bladder cancer population. We hypothesize these formulas may underestimate measured CrCl, and therefore the eligibility for cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients and Methods A database of 208 patients with unresectable or metastatic bladder cancer treated on protocol at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) with cisplatin-based chemotherapy between 1983 and 1994 was examined retrospectively. The association between measured and calculated CrCl and the ability to complete three cycles (minimum therapeutic) of chemotherapy was examined. Results Baseline measured CrCl was less than 60 mL/min in 16% compared with 12% to 44% using various formulas. Concordance between calculated and measured CrCl less than 60 mL/min was poor (range of κ, 0.14 to 0.38). In patients older than age 65, 22% had a measured CrCl less than 60 mL/min, compared with 10% to 63% calculated using various formulas. Overall, 80% completed at least three cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The ability to complete at least three cycles was statistically significantly related with a measured CrCl more than 60 mL/min (P = .02), but not with calculated CrCl more than 60 mL/min. Conclusion Current formulas estimating CrCl tend to underestimate measured CrCl, especially in those older than 65 years. Depending on the formula used, up to 44% who actually received cisplatin-based chemotherapy based on measured CrCl would be deemed ineligible at present, potentially affecting survival outcomes. Methodology for determining CrCl and/or renal eligibility for cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with bladder cancer should be re-examined.
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Dakouri, Bénédicte Yékayo Kone, Amidou Toure, Marie Laure Attoungbre Hauhouot, Adele Kacou-N'douba, and Ismael Namory Karamoko. "Concordance between low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration measurement by enzymatic method and calculation by Friedewald formula in cardiovascular risk classification." International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research 10, no. 3 (October 15, 2023): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2023.038.
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Accurate estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is important for cardiovascular risk assessment and guiding cholesterol-lowering therapy. Due to the high cost of β-quantification (Gold standard) and time-consuming, direct measurement of LDL-C is an alternative method. However, unlike the calculation of LDL-C by Friedewald formula, there is an additional cost in terms of reagents for performing a direct LDL-C test. The current study aimed to compare direct LDL-C concentration determination to data calculated by Friedewald formula. 752 lipid profiles of 710 people with LDL-C estimated by direct LDL assay, in the Biochemistry laboratory of university hospital center of Angré, were included in the study. In the same group, LDL-C was calculated using Friedewald formula. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (ccc) and Passing-Bablok regression analysis using, MedCal software, were performed to assess the strength of concordance between the 2 methods, and identify any possible bias. The concordance between the two methods was moderate (ρc = 0.9466). Passing-Bablok regression analysis revealed a systematic bias between the two methods. The total error observed (TEobs) between the two methods was higher than allowable total error recommended by the NCEP-ATPIII when LDL-C values was less than 159 mg/dL (4.112 mmol/L). The Friedewald formula resulted in lower LDL-C concentration values. Despite its cost-effectiveness in the estimation of LDL-C, an underestimation of LDL-C levels could result in inaccurate cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk assessments and potentially significant future societal costs due to inadequate prevention and treatment of CVD.
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Zhao, Biao, Wan-bing Jia, Li-ying Zhang, and Ting-zhong Wang. "1/2SH." Stroke 51, no. 1 (January 2020): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.119.026951.
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Background and Purpose— 1/2ABC has been used widely for assessing the volume of intracerebral hematoma. However, it is only suitable for calculating regular and small volume hematomas. Therefore, we re-explored the formula of hematoma volume to find a method that can calculate hematoma volumes accurately, reliably, and quickly. Methods— Computed tomography imaging data of 257 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were collected. Hematoma volumes were estimated using 3-dimensional Slicer and 7 formulas (π/6ABC, 1/2ABC, 1/3ABC, 2/3SH, 1/2SH, π/6SH, and 2.5/6ABC). Taking the hematoma volumes measured by 3-dimensional Slicer as the reference standard, the accuracy and reliability of the 7 formulas were evaluated. Furthermore, the time needed to calculate hematoma volumes by the 1/2SH method was noted for further analysis. Results— (1) The accuracy of the 7 formulas based on the error analysis from the highest to the lowest was: π/6SH, 1/2SH, 2.5/6ABC, 1/3ABC, 1/2ABC, and π/6ABC or 2/3SH. According to concordance analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the results from the highest to lowest were as follows: 1/2SH, π/6SH, 2.5/6ABC, 1/3ABC, 1/2ABC, 2/3SH, and π/6ABC. After categorizing cases according to size, shape, and location of hematoma, the results were almost the same as the results for overall accuracy evaluation in any subgroup. (2) Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 1/2SH in intra and inter-researcher were 0.998 and 0.989, respectively. For the formula π/6SH, intraclass correlation coefficient was the same as that of 1/2ABC. Kappa values of 1/2SH for intra- and inter-observer were 0.992 and 0.913, respectively. For π/6SH, kappa values of within- and between-reader were 0.984 and 0.904, respectively. (3) The average time taken to calculate hematoma volumes by 1/2SH was 74 seconds. Conclusions— The 1/2SH and π/6SH are accurate, reliable, and rapid methods for calculating hematoma volumes. The accuracy and reliability of 1/2SH were slightly higher than those of π/6SH.
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El-Mongy, Sayed A. "Sayed`s Theory of Dark Energy and Dark Matter Forces Nature." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 22 (April 12, 2024): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v22i.9605.
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Allah (God) is the Creator of the wonderful accelerated expansion of universe. The nature of Dark energy (DE) and matter (DM) is enigmatic mystery of the modern astrophysics. This article is a theory establishes the nature and laws of DE and DM forces. They are among the forces controlling the universe harmony and homogeneity. The derived equations were based on the published Sayed quantum gravity force formula. The Sayed`s Dark energy force (SDEF) formulas indicate that they are function in quantum gravity force (FQG), energy density(ρ), cosmological (Ʌ), Hubble (H), and Planck (h) constants. The formulas were verified and validated. For Planck and cosmos scales, the Dark energy force, energy density, and Ʌ were calculated and found to be 2.538x1084 N, 10-26 Kg/m3, and 10-52 m-2 respectively. These values are in high concordance with the declared values. The results obtained show that the DE force represents more than ¾ of the universe forces as the observations. The disputed Hubble constant was also calculated and found to be in the range; ~2.2 x10-18 s-1. It can also be stated and emphasized that the light speed violation (E≠mc2) is a must to solve the DE nature and many other universe mysteries.
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Chenguayen Rospigliosi, Juan Antonio. "Modelo de gerencia para optimizar la administración y gestión de recursos de los gobiernos regionales concordante con la ley marco de modernización de la gestión del estado." REVISTA VERITAS ET SCIENTIA - UPT 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47796/ves.v6i2.180.
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El objetivo fue formular un modelo de gerencia para optimizar la gestión y administración de recursos en los gobiernos regionales. El diseño fue no experimental. La muestra de estudio estuvo constituida por 30 funcionarios de los gobiernos regionales. Se utilizó un cuestionario y una ficha de recolección de datos, construidos y validados para los fines del estudio. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que la percepción del rol gerencial desplegado en los gobiernos regionales está desfasado y no contribuye a la gobernanza (53,3%) y que es prioritaria como parte del diseño organizacional (46,7%); y las principales razones que no permitirían una adecuada ejecución de los recursos es a que prevalecen intereses políticos (33,3%) y personal desmotivado (26,7%). Conclusión: Se formula un modelo de gerencia para optimizar la gestión y administración de recursos en los gobiernos regionales, con un nuevo enfoque organizacional.
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Chrisman, Micah. "Virtual Seifert surfaces." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 28, no. 06 (May 2019): 1950039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216519500391.
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A virtual knot that has a homologically trivial representative [Formula: see text] in a thickened surface [Formula: see text] is said to be an almost classical (AC) knot. [Formula: see text] then bounds a Seifert surface [Formula: see text]. Seifert surfaces of AC knots are useful for computing concordance invariants and slice obstructions. However, Seifert surfaces in [Formula: see text] are difficult to construct. Here, we introduce virtual Seifert surfaces of AC knots. These are planar figures representing [Formula: see text]. An algorithm for constructing a virtual Seifert surface from a Gauss diagram is given. This is applied to computing signatures and Alexander polynomials of AC knots. A canonical genus of AC knots is also studied. It is shown to be distinct from the virtual canonical genus of Stoimenow–Tchernov–Vdovina.
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Maioli, Claudio, Michela Mangano, and Luca Tagliabue. "Comparison of GFR measurement with [99mTc]-DTPA and clinical methods based on creatinine measurement, in patients over 80 years old." Journal of Clinical Nephrology 6, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 086–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jcn.1001096.
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Introduction and aim: The most accurate way of measuring kidney function in GFR. Clinical formulas based on creatinine measurement may be inaccurate mainly in elderly patients (over 80 years of age). In this study we evaluated the accuracy of commonly used clinical formulas by comparing them with a direct measurement with [99mTc]-DTPA ([99mTc]-diethylene-triamine-peracetic acid) in a population of patients aged eighty and older. Material and methods: 47 patients (27 males and 20 females) with an average age of 81.9 ± 1.7 years, 80% already diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), were investigated. Two plasma samples were collected between 60-90 and 165-190 minutes after the injection of [99mTc]-DTPA and GFR were calculated. Results: When comparing the GFR values obtained from the various formulae by creatinine levels with the GFR value obtained by measuring [99mTc]-DTPA residue, the following concordance values emerged: (1) MDRD: 55.3%, (2) Cockroft-Gault 55.3% (3) CKD-EPI 57.5% (4) BIS-1 51.1%. Conclusion: Our data show a poor correlation between all clinical methods and [99mTc]-DTPA, which remains a gold standard for the direct measurement of GFR.
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Ramirez López, Erik, Debbie Puente Hernández, Nohemí Liliana Negrete López, Araceli Serna-Gutiérrez, Zuli Calderón Ramos, Arianna Omaña-Covarrubias, Elena Flores-Guillen, and Alexandra Tijerina-Sáenz. "COMPARISON OF PERCEIVED WEIGHT AS IDEAL AGAINST IDEAL BODY WEIGHT FORMULAS AND BODY MASS INDEX OF 22 KG/M2 IN YOUNG ADULT WOMEN." RESPYN Revista Salud Pública y Nutrición 17, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29105/respyn17.1-2.
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SUMMARYIntroduction: Formulas of ideal body weight (IBW) including the body mass index (BMI) of 22 kg/m2 are used under the assumption to provide a healthy weight. Objective: We compare the perceived ideal body weight (PIBW) with the calculated IBW by formulas and the BMI of 22. Methods: We recruited 705 women (20-25 y). Six common formulas and 2 published equations by our team were used. Results: Group regression analysis determined that including the frame size improves the agreement of formulas of Robinson et al, Hammond and Hamwi with the PIBW (p>0.05). Individually, the concordance analysis (higher % of differences <2 kg: PIBW - IBW by formula), determined that for a measured BMI <20, only the Faspyn 1 formula needs to be adjusted by frame size; while Robinson et al, Hammond, Tokunaga (BMI of 22), Faspyn 2 (BMI of 22) and Broca, are equivalent with the PIBW in different intervals of BMI. Conclusions: According to the BMI perceived as overweight (23.8 kg/m2) and perceived as ideal (21.1 kg/m2), caution is suggested when using the IBW formulas for BMI of 22 as a diagnosis. The IBW formulas and BMI of 22 does not necessarily represent a desirable or aesthetic weight. Comparación del peso percibido como ideal con fórmulas de peso ideal y el IMC de 22 kg/m2 en mujeres jóvenes.RESUMEN Introducción: El peso ideal calculado con fórmulas (PIF) y con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 22 kg/m2 se emplea bajo el supuesto de proporcionar un peso saludable o estético. Objetivo: Comparar el peso percibido como ideal (PPI) contra el PIF y del IMC de 22. Métodos: Se reclutaron 705 mujeres (20-25 años). Empleamos seis fórmulas comunes y 2 publicadas previamente. Resultados: El análisis de regresión grupal determinó que incluir la complexión corporal mejora la concordancia de las fórmulas de Robinson et al, Hammond y Hamwi con el PPI (p>0.05). Individualmente, el análisis de concordancia (porcentaje mayor de diferencias <2 kg: PPI-PIF), determinó que para un IMC <20 kg/m2 solo la fórmula de Faspyn 1 debe ajustarse por la complexión corporal, mientras que las fórmulas de Robinson et al, Hammond, Tokunaga (IMC de 22), Faspyn 2 (IMC de 22) y Broca, son equivalentes con el PPI en diferentes intervalos de IMC. Conclusiones: de acuerdo con el IMC percibido como sobrepeso (23.8 kg/m2) y percibido como ideal (21.1 kg/m2), las fórmulas de peso ideal y el IMC de 22 deben ser usados con precaución en el diagnóstico de peso ideal ya que no necesariamente representan un peso deseable o estético.
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Solà, Joan, Adrià Gómez-Valent, and Javier de Cruz Pérez. "Dynamical dark energy: Scalar fields and running vacuum." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 09 (March 20, 2017): 1750054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500547.
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Recent analyses in the literature suggest that the concordance [Formula: see text]CDM model with rigid cosmological term, [Formula: see text] may not be the best description of the cosmic acceleration. The class of “running vacuum models”, in which [Formula: see text] evolves with the Hubble rate, has been shown to fit the string of SNIa + BAO + H(z) + LSS + CMB data significantly better than the [Formula: see text]CDM. Here, we provide further evidence on the time-evolving nature of the dark energy (DE) by fitting the same cosmological data in terms of scalar fields. As a representative model, we use the original Peebles and Ratra potential, [Formula: see text]. We find clear signs of dynamical DE at [Formula: see text] c.l., thus reconfirming through a nontrivial scalar field approach the strong hints formerly found with other models and parametrizations.
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Wang, Rui. "Derivation and Revision of the Theoretical Formula of Friction Stress between Pile and Soil on Space Axisymmetric Condition Considering Relative Slip." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.237.
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In this paper,vertical displacement of pile and pile-surrounding soil was assumed as incompatible.Derivation and revision of the formula of relative slip-caused friction force between pile and soil were made.According to the formula in this paper, side friction of pile reduces as as depth increases,until side friction almost reaches zero at pile bottom,which are concordant with site observations.This calculating method reliably reflects the variation law of side friction of pile.
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Al Mamon, Abdulla. "Constraints on kinematic model from Pantheon SNIa, OHD and CMB shift parameter measurements." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 08 (February 1, 2021): 2150049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321500498.
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In this paper, we reconstruct the late-time cosmological dynamics using a purely kinematic approach. In particular, considering a divergence-free parametrization for deceleration parameter [Formula: see text], we first derive the jerk parameter [Formula: see text] and then confront it with combination of various cosmological datasets. We use the most recent observational datasets consisting of the 1048 Pantheon Supernovae Ia data points in the redshift range [Formula: see text], the 51 data points of observational Hubble parameter (OHD) measurements in the redshift range [Formula: see text], the Hubble constant [Formula: see text] (R19) and the CMB shift parameter measurements. We study the evolution of different cosmological quantities for the present model and compare it with the concordance [Formula: see text]CDM model. We find that only the combined Pantheon+OHD+R19 data shows good agreement with the [Formula: see text]CDM [Formula: see text] model within [Formula: see text] confidence region. We also find that our model successfully generates late time cosmic acceleration along with a decelerated expansion in the past.
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Chen, Yizhi, Bo Yang, and Aiping Gan. "Structure of Strict Abundant Semigroups." Algebra Colloquium 26, no. 03 (August 12, 2019): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386719000282.
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We introduce a new class of semigroups called strict abundant semigroups, which are concordant semigroups and subdirect products of completely [Formula: see text]-simple abundant semigroups and completely 0-[Formula: see text]-simple primitive abundant semigroups. A general construction and a tree structure of such semigroups are established. Consequently, the corresponding structure theorems for strict regular semigroups given by Auinger in 1992 and by Grillet in 1995 are generalized and extended. Finally, an example of strict abundant semigroups is also given.
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AGUR, Z., L. COJOCARU, B. SCHECHTER, G. TAGLIABUE, and P. UBEZIO. "AZT EFFECT ON THE BONE MARROW — A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THE CONCORDE TRIAL." Journal of Biological Systems 03, no. 01 (March 1995): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021833909500023x.
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The Concorde trial shows an increase in CD4 + lymphocytes, but not a higher survival, in AZT treated asymptomatic patients. Our murine bone-marrow experiments show that in chronic AZT treatments a large increase in the lymphoids/erythroids compartment is due to host cytotoxicity. We put forward a mathematical formula for predicting cytotoxicity of given drug protocols, which can be used for modulating the schedule so as to increase its efficacy while maintaining its toxicity low. Our study suggests that in chronic treatments a large, single, daily dose will be less toxic than the same dose divided into several daily dosings.