Journal articles: 'Formative modelling'

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Duarte, Paulo, and Suzanne Amaro. "Methods for modelling reflective-formative second order constructs in PLS." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-09-2017-0092.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the estimation of PLS models with second-order formative constructs as existing research has mainly focused on second-order constructs with a reflective measurement. Design/methodology/approach Using a model grounded on Roger’s innovation diffusion theory applied to online travel shopping, an empirical application is used to assess and compare the different approaches used to estimate a formative second-order construct. The proposed model examines the innovations characteristics that have an impact on intentions to purchase travel online, using data from a convenience sample of 1,732 responses. Findings The findings show that all approaches produce similar results regarding the path coefficients, the predictive relevance of the model and the explained variance. The main differences between the approaches are related to the weights of the first-order constructs on the second-order construct and the significance of those weights. Several recommendations are made for researchers on which approach to use. Originality/value Since most research has focused on second-order constructs with a reflective measurement and there is limited research with formative second-order constructs, this paper provides a comparison of the different approaches typically used to estimate a formative second-order construct and present useful guidelines for researchers to decide the method to analyse a model with second-order constructs and how to assess formative second-order constructs.

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Deepa, M., and A. T. Resmi. "A formative approach to employee retention using structural equation modelling." International Journal of Enterprise Network Management 8, no. 2 (2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijenm.2017.085614.

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Resmi, A. T., and M. Deepa. "A formative approach to employee retention using structural equation modelling." International Journal of Enterprise Network Management 8, no. 2 (2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijenm.2017.10006498.

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Frank, Brian, Natalie Simper, and James Kaupp. "Formative feedback and scaffolding for developing complex problem solving and modelling outcomes." European Journal of Engineering Education 43, no. 4 (March 15, 2017): 552–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2017.1299692.

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Marković, V. Lj, S. N. Stamenković, S. R. Gocić, and S. M. Durić. "Determination and modelling of the formative and statistical time delay in neon." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 38, no. 1 (March 14, 2007): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap:2007051.

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Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek, Katarzyna. "Relational behaviours and organisational capabilities in public safety networks." Management Decision 58, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 1067–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2018-0486.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify correlations between relational behaviours and organisational capabilities in public safety networks and to investigate how do relational behaviours influence organisational capabilities in these networks. Design/methodology/approach The findings presented in this paper are based on data including: desk research and a survey questionnaire conducted in June 2016 with experts dealing with the issues of the public safety. The analysis of the results was based on a reflexive and formative approach, including the partial least squares path modelling method. Findings The relationships between relational behaviours and organisational capabilities in public safety networks are investigated and the path of building organisational capabilities in these networks is identified. As a result, it was found how to shape collaborative performance by using the impact of relational behaviours on the organisational capabilities in public safety networks. Originality/value The paper adds a new value to understanding of the impact of relationship behaviour on organisational capabilities in public safety networks, leading to collaborative performance. Its innovation results from using a reflective and formative approach, based on the modelling of structural equations, which allows identifying new issues or problems and examine the connections between them. The obtained results constitute a new insight on the formation of collaborative networks in public safety.

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Henseler, Jörg, Georg Fassott, Theo K. Dijkstra, and Bradley Wilson. "Analysing quadratic effects of formative constructs by means of variance-based structural equation modelling." European Journal of Information Systems 21, no. 1 (January 2012): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2011.36.

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Liu, Xiaoming, Yi Fu, Ren-Fang Chao, and Jun (Justin) Li. "A formative measurement approach for exploring how to form service quality in hot spring resorts." Tourism and Hospitality Research 19, no. 1 (December 13, 2016): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358416683767.

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In contrast to the reflective perspective of service quality measurement used in the existing literature, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional model for measuring service quality in hot spring resorts, based on a formative perspective. The formative measurement approach aims to explore how the service quality of hot spring resorts is formed. To achieve this purpose, an exploratory research study was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modelling method. A hot spring resort located in southern China was chosen as the research site to obtain the original data, by surveying customers with spa experience at the resort. Concurrently, service quality was investigated as a second-order construct using a reflective–formative model. Theoretically, this reflective–formative model provides a more comprehensive understanding of service quality in hot spring resort domains. Finally, this study confirmed the following six components of service quality for hot spring resorts: water quality, customer service, facilities, surroundings, alternative activities and convenience. The results show that these six components form service quality in hot spring resorts and may influence consumers’ attachment to such places.

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Maier, Valeriya Stanislavovna. "Word-Formative Modelling of Linguistic Markers of Modernity (by the Material of the German Language)." Filologičeskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, no. 6 (June 2020): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2020.6.36.

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Spielmann, Michael, Roland Scholz, Olaf Tietje, and Peter de Haan. "Scenario Modelling in Prospective LCA of Transport Systems. Application of Formative Scenario Analysis (11 pp)." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10, no. 5 (October 20, 2004): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/lca2004.10.188.

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Han, Chao. "Latent trait modelling of rater accuracy in formative peer assessment of English-Chinese consecutive interpreting." Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 43, no. 6 (January 9, 2018): 979–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1424799.

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Melesko, Jaroslav, and Vitalij Novickij. "Computer Adaptive Testing Using Upper-Confidence Bound Algorithm for Formative Assessment." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 4303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204303.

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There is strong support for formative assessment inclusion in learning processes, with the main emphasis on corrective feedback for students. However, traditional testing and Computer Adaptive Testing can be problematic to implement in the classroom. Paper based tests are logistically inconvenient and are hard to personalize, and thus must be longer to accurately assess every student in the classroom. Computer Adaptive Testing can mitigate these problems by making use of Multi-Dimensional Item Response Theory at cost of introducing several new problems, most problematic of which are the greater test creation complexity, because of the necessity of question pool calibration, and the debatable premise that different questions measure one common latent trait. In this paper a new approach of modelling formative assessment as a Multi-Armed bandit problem is proposed and solved using Upper-Confidence Bound algorithm. The method in combination with e-learning paradigm has the potential to mitigate such problems as question item calibration and lengthy tests, while providing accurate formative assessment feedback for students. A number of simulation and empirical data experiments (with 104 students) are carried out to explore and measure the potential of this application with positive results.

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Treiblmaier, Horst, Peter M. Bentler, and Patrick Mair. "Formative Constructs Implemented via Common Factors." Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 18, no. 1 (January 13, 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2011.532693.

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FENSTAD, JENS ERIK. "Changes of the Knowledge System and their Implication for the Formative Stage of Scholars: Experiences in the Natural Sciences." European Review 15, no. 2 (April 4, 2007): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798707000208.

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This paper reviews some recent trends in the natural and biomedical sciences related to issues of complexity and reductionism, mathematical modelling and simulations, with particular reference to system biology, and discusses the impact of these developments on future research training.

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Hauff, Sven, Dorothea Alewell, and Nina Katrin Hansen. "Further exploring the links between high-performance work practices and firm performance: A multiple-mediation model in the German context." German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung 32, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397002217728251.

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In order to improve our understanding of the relationships between high-performance work systems and firm performance, several studies have analysed the mediating effects of motivation-related or human capital-related variables. However, most of these have concentrated on single aspects and are US-focused. We extend previous human resource management research by simultaneously analysing the relevance of four general mediating mechanisms: human capital, employee attitudes, employee performance and operational performance. We apply structural equation modelling with formative constructs to data of 1099 German firms. While our findings support the assumption of positive relationships between high-performance work practices, the four mediating mechanisms and firm performance, they also reveal some peculiarities attributable to the German context. Using formative constructs, we were also able to show that single high-performance work practices have different effects on firm performance.

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Malakouti, Maryam, Sajad Rezaei, and Milad Kalantari Shahijan. "Agile supply chain management (ASCM): a management decision-making approach." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 29, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-02-2016-0031.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine agile supply chain management (ASCM) among SMEs in manufacturing-related services sector. The study propose that entrepreneurial orientation (EO), participative management style, supplier relations, resource management, just-in-time (JIT) methodology and technology utilization (TU) are several drivers of ASCM – an effective management decision-making approach. Design/methodology/approach A total of 197 questionnaires were collected among SMEs to empirically test the proposed model. Structural equation modelling was employed using partial least squares approach to assess measurement and structural model for reflective and formative constructs. Findings The results reveal that EO, supplier relations, resource management, JIT methodology and TU positively influence ASCM while participative management style is not a predictor towards an effective ASCM. Moreover, EO was found to be a second-order formative construct comprising of innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness, and ASCM is a first-order formative construct. Originality/value Prior literature regarding supply chain management (SCM) has focussed mainly on critical success factors of SCM and green SCM. Limited empirical studies have examined the influence of EO, participative management style, supplier relations, resource management, JIT methodology and TU on ASCM among SMEs in manufacturing-related services sector.

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Mazzorana, B., and S. Fuchs. "Fuzzy Formative Scenario Analysis for woody material transport related risks in mountain torrents." Environmental Modelling & Software 25, no. 10 (October 2010): 1208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.03.030.

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Ponomareva, Ekaterina Aleksandrovna. "FRAME-BASED MODELLING OF LEXICAL-WORD-FORMATIVE CLUSTERS WITH THE TOPS EYE, NOSE, MOUTH, EAR." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 12-3 (December 2018): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2018-12-3.33.

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Kusairi, Sentot, Siti Imtinan, and Purbo Swasono. "Increasing Students’ Understanding in the Concept of Projectile Motion with Modelling Instruction Accompanied by Embedded Formative E-Assessment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1387 (November 2019): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012081.

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Dieckmann, Peter, Eric Stricker, and Marcus Rall. "Methods for formative evaluations of debriefing as a tool for feedback and improvement." Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare 1, no. 3 (2006): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01266021-200600130-00057.

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Massiera, Philippe, Laura Trinchera, and Giorgio Russolillo. "Evaluating the presence of marketing capabilities: A multidimensional, hierarchical index." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 33, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570718759003.

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We propose a multidimensional instrument to assess the degree of presence of marketing capabilities a firm possesses, at three levels of abstraction. We first present the theoretical framework for marketing capabilities and discuss the main scales proposed by Vorhies et al. Then, we detail the steps required to develop and validate our third-order formative instrument. We assess the convergent and discriminant validity of the proposed instrument via partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) applied to a sample of 199 French small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Finally, we check the nomological validity of our instrument by testing the positive effect of marketing capabilities on organisational performance.

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Kastberg, Peter. "Modelling the reciprocal dynamics of dialogical communication: On the communication-philosophical undercurrent of radical constructivism and second-order cybernetics." Sign Systems Studies 48, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 32–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2020.48.1.03.

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Even though both Ernst von Glasersfeld, the founding father of radical constructivism, and his epistemological alter ego, Heinz von Foerster, one of the principal architects of second-order cybernetics, would both repeatedly stress the formative importance of communication, neither would ever model communication as a phenomenon per se. I will propose a first modelling of communication as seen through the stereoscopic lens of these two schools of thought. I will first present, discuss and evaluate how communication is traditionally modelled. This will serve as an informed backdrop when I proceed to integrate the common denominators pertaining to communication from relevant works of both scholars. In addition to the fact that both would willingly profess to the ‘Linguolaxis’ of Maturana and Varela, i.e., that humans exist suspended in communication, two basic assumptions have proven formative. Firstly, that communication is perceived as a flux, as an almost William-James-like ‘stream of communication’. Secondly, and this is more in the vein of Heraclitus, that both communicators and communication alike undergo transformations in the process of immersion. This implies favouring a view of communication in which communication is a perpetual oscillation between ongoing reciprocal perturbations (Glasersfeld), that occur over time, and the endeavours to re-establish (cognitive) homeostasis (Foerster). The latter must not be reduced to either mere compliance, as it were, i.e., that the ‘other’ does as s/he is told, or to the mutual understanding of a dominance-free communication of a Habermasian persuasion, but rather in the pragmatic notion of ‘compatibility’ (Glasersfeld). For illustrative purposes I will end this paper by translating these notions into a model depicting what I have labelled co-actional communication, in effect forging an exemplar.

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Siau, Keith, James Crossley, Paul Dunckley, Gavin Johnson, Adam Haycock, John T. Anderson, Marietta Iacucci, and Mark Feeney. "Training and Assessment in Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: using a Novel Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) Assessment Tool." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.281.nov.

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Background & Aims: Data supporting milestone development during flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) training are lacking. We aimed to present validity evidence for our formative direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) assessment in FS, and use DOPS to establish competency benchmarks and define learning curves for a national training cohort.Methods: This prospective UK-wide (211 centres) study included all FS formative DOPS assessments submitted to the national e-portfolio. Reliability was estimated from generalisability theory analysis. Item and global DOPS scores were correlated with lifetime procedure count to study learning curves, with competency benchmarks defined using contrasting groups analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performedto identify independent predictors of DOPS competence.Results: This analysis included 3,616 DOPS submitted for 468 trainees. From generalisability analysis, sources of overall competency score variance included: trainee ability (27%), assessor stringency (15%), assessor subjectivity attributable to the trainee (18%) and case-to-case variation (40%), which enabled the modelling of reliability estimates. The competency benchmark (mean DOPS score: 3.84) was achieved after 150-174 procedures. Across the cohort, competency development occurred in the order of: pre-procedural (50-74), non-technical (75-149), technical (125-174) and post-procedural (175-199) skills. Lifetime procedural count (p<0.001), case difficulty (p<0.001), and lifetime formative DOPS count (p=0.001) were independently associated with DOPS competence, but not trainee or assessor specialty.Conclusion: Sigmoidoscopy DOPS can provide valid and reliable assessments of competency during training and can be used to chart competency development. Contrary to earlier studies, based on destination-orientated endpoints, overall competency in sigmoidoscopy was attained after 150 lifetime procedures.

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Charbonneau, Paul. "Three Single Stars (See How They Spin)." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 215 (2004): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900195890.

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I describe three key moments in the rotational evolution of three single stars, chosen to illustrate the richness and complexity of the interaction between rotation and magnetic fields. I then piece together two general scenarii for the rotational evolution of early-type and late-type stars, in which the “fossil” magnetic field inherited by a star from its formative years basically sets its subsequent rotational fate. Since no one has yet offered a convincing scenario according to which a star could somehow get rid of its primordial fossil field, the inescapable conclusion is that magnetic fields cannot be neglected in modelling rotation, and that “rotational evolution” should really be thought of as “magnetorotational evolution”.

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Berkenstadt, Haim, Amitai Ziv, Tiberiu Ezri, Orit Rubin, and Avner Sidi. "Formative Role of Simulation-based Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) National Board Examination in Anesthesiology." Simulation In Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare 2, no. 1 (2007): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01266021-200700210-00031.

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Khiatani, Paul Vinod. "Not just another crapshoot development: the challenges and opportunities of modelling after Las Vegas and Macao as an economic development strategy in the 21st century." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 2, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-015-0024-8.

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Recent decades highlight an extraordinary growth of casino gambling all over the world. In the race to build casino-cities, particularly to reap economic and social benefits, most aspirers look to replicate the development models of the most famous casino-cities known to date, Las Vegas and Macao. Countries that have modelled after the aforementioned casino-cities have had mix results of success; e.g., Singapore, which followed Macao, yielded considerable success, while other states of the US which modelled Las Vegas, such as Atlantic City, did not have as much luck. In this respect, the countries adhere to the words of the wise; “Standing on the shoulders of the giants”. Yet, perhaps explaining why no country can really replicate the successful development experiences of Las Vegas and Macao, most countries fail to see beyond the glitz and glamor to recognize the key challenges and opportunities that helped make Las Vegas and Macao; e.g., with respect to the presence of domestic organized crime groups. This paper delves deep into identifying the key actors and circumstances that made the aforementioned cities what they are today, elucidating the integral development strategies used during their formative years. Utilizing a Marxian approach to understanding the state and state-civil society relations, the paper elucidates why no country can really replicate the development models of Las Vegas and Macao without appreciating its socio-political characteristics and the intricate ties between the upperworld and underworld during their formative years. In light of the findings, recommendations are provided for future research and pragmatic endeavours.

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Permana, Iman. "USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (SEM) TO CONSTRUCT THE MODEL FOR CULTIVATING EMPLOYEE EXCELLENCE THROUGH ENGAGEMENT, ENABLEMENT, AND EMPOWERMENT." FIRM Journal of Management Studies 6, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/firm.v6i1.1257.

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This study quantitatively assessed the model of Employee Excellence with predictor constructs of Employee Engagement, Enablement, and Empowerment. The analyses utilized Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with latent variables. The measurement model for the predictor variables used formative indicators, therefore, this study used Partial Least Square (PLS)-SEM. The research focused on eight manufacturing companies in Indonesia, with foremen as the unit of analysis, totaling as many as 257 respondents. Research findings revealed that each predictor construct has a key driver: Psychological Capital was found to be the key driver of Employee Engagement, Infrastructure for Data Sharing (which was later reconfirmed as Knowledge Management) was the key driver of Employee Enablement, and Transformational Leadership was the key driver of Employee Empowerment. The study also revealed that Employee Engagement, Enablement, and Empowerment altogether related positively and significantly with Employee Excellence. The research findings provide empirical basis for prioritizing strategic actions on the most important factors for affecting employee engagement, enablement, and empowerment, in order to foster employee excellence.

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Ya’acob, Fatin F., Mohd Shahwahid Haji Othman, Rabiatul Munirah Alpandi, Siti Mariam Mellisa Abdullah, and Mohd Hafiz Ghazali. "FACTORS INFLUENCING INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING IN SWIFTLET RANCHING INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF GUA MUSANG AND JOHOR BAHRU." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 4, no. 16 (September 11, 2019): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.416003.

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The edible bird nest industry is an entry point project under the Malaysian Transformation Plan. The number of swiftlet houses has increased three and a half folds from 2011 to 2016 but with this trend swiftlet houses, failure ranged from 70 to 80 percent. This study focuses on understanding the investors’ behavior in this industry and on determining factors that are influencing their investment decision. The basic framework of analysis is the investor behavior theory by applying for the formative first order Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling model. The data collected from 180 ranchers randomly interviewed from two districts namely Johor Bahru and Gua Musang. The result revealed that heuristic is a first decision construct that has the highest impact on investment decision making followed by market, herding and prospect decision construct.

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Zare, Fateme, Joseph H. A. Guillaume, Sondoss ElSawah, Barry Croke, Baihua Fu, Takuya Iwanaga, Wendy Merritt, Daniel Partington, Jenifer Ticehurst, and Anthony J. Jakeman. "A formative and self-reflective approach to monitoring and evaluation of interdisciplinary team research: An integrated water resource modelling application in Australia." Journal of Hydrology 596 (May 2021): 126070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126070.

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Arkhanhelska, Alla M. "Transformational Potential of the Biblical Idiom “A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing” in Modern Russian Speech." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 462 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/462/1.

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The article deals with the defamiliarization of the biblical idiom “a wolf in sheep’s clothing” in the modern Russian media reality and speech, and with the transformational potential of this unit. Based on the transformational paradigm of the idiom “a wolf in sheep’s clothing” in the horizontal analytical dimension, the article aims to identify the incentives of its transformation (internal phraseological modelling) and formation according to the model (external phraseological modelling), to track its temporal and sociocultural markedness inscribing it into the cultural and ideological context of the newest era, and to reveal the complex of linguistic and non-linguistic factors “provoking” the author of the media text to make the transformational updates which make the contextual (semantic and formal) reinterpretation of the idiom possible. Within the boundaries of the transformational paradigm at the level of its inner and outer vectors, the symbolic meanings of the components and the role of “metaphor of dressing up” in deceitful garments, semantic and structural-semantic transformations (amplification, substitution, implication, double actualization of certain components of the phraseological unit, morphological transformations, deformation of the syntax model, and role inversion), the role of phraseological configuration as an incentive for updating the biblical idiom as well as the facts of phraseological modelling are considered. The article focuses on the heteromorphism of phraseological transformations (semantic, structuralsemantic, including morphological ones) with one of the types dominating. Particular attention is paid to both the systemic and nonsystemic nature of phraseological transformations and the influence of semantics and pragmatics of the original biblical prototext on the transformative potential of the idiom “a wolf in sheep’s clothing”. Following the investigation, it has been found out that the transformative impulses emanating from the semantic and cultural meaning of the original biblical prototext are in demand to a much lesser extent than the linguistic ones (potential of the structural-semantic model of the idiom, symbolic value of its components as well as their systemic connections at the lexical-semantic and grammatical level), which confirms the secularization of the biblical expression and its transition to the category of functional textual units. The study is performed on the material of fiction, Russian printed and electronic media as well as Internet forums and blogs of the beginning of the 21st century. Using the methods of the textual identification of transformations, phraseological modelling, as well as component variable, historical-etymological and linguocultural analysis, the biblical idiom is considered a text-formative element.

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Pindado-Pindado, Julián. "Archetype and reality on TV: Quality, formats and representation." Comunicar 13, no. 25 (October 1, 2005): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c25-2005-014.

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This article arises from some conclusions of the «Wise´s Report » and examines the difficulties to obtain a quality TV at the moment. Data demonstrate that the audiences consume a lot of popular entertainment This fact proves that the way towards a quality TV is very difficult, after years of television channels modelling the audience´s tastes. It is necessary to start from the TV current reality to obtain a formative and cultural TV that includes the experience of «telephiles» generations. If these generations prefer entertainment formats, these formats must be used for an education in values. El «Informe de los sabios» constituye el punto de partida de este artículo en el que se examina la dificultad que entraña conseguir una televisión de calidad en el momento presente. Los datos demuestran que la audiencia es una gran consumidora de entretenimiento popular, lo que dificulta el camino hacia una televisión de calidad tras años de modelación de gustos por parte de los operadores televisivos. Ello plantea la necesidad de partir de la realidad televisiva actual para conseguir unos mínimos de televisión formativa y cultural que tengan en cuenta la experiencia de las generaciones «teléfilas». Si estas generaciones prefieren formatos de entretenimiento, éstos deben aprovecharse para una educación en valores referidos a la representación del otro.

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Thetsane, Regina. "The Validity and Reliability of Student Evaluation of Teaching at the National University of Lesotho." International Journal of African Higher Education 8, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ijahe.v8i1.13367.

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Many Higher Education Institutions use the Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET) scale to evaluate the quality of instructors’ teaching. It includes students’ evaluation of the teacher, the teaching process, teaching approaches and the learning outcomes. Due to its reported dubious reliability and validity, and inherent bias in measuring the quality of teaching, SET remains a hotly debated and controversial instrument. This study evaluated thereliability and validity of the SET scale adopted by the National University of Lesotho. Self-administered SET questionnaires were distributed to 104 third- and fourth-year Bachelor of Commerce students to evaluate ten lecturers, resulting in 751 assessment records. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). While the findings suggest that the SET instrument used at the university is reasonably reliable and valid, minor concerns were raised with regard to discriminant validity, and serious concerns in relation to content validity. Based on the existing literature and the psychometric properties of this SET instrument, it is recommended that university management exercise caution in using its results to make evaluative personnel decisions such as promotions, confirmations, and dismissals. It is also recommended that the SET instrument should be revised and validated and be primarily used for formative purposes such as obtaining feedback for the development of individual instructors. Key words: formative assessment, reliability, student evaluation of teaching, summative assessment, validity

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Nadkarni, Lindsay D., Cindy G. Roskind, Marc A. Auerbach, Aaron W. Calhoun, Mark D. Adler, and David O. Kessler. "The Development and Validation of a Concise Instrument for Formative Assessment of Team Leader Performance During Simulated Pediatric Resuscitations." Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare 13, no. 2 (April 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sih.0000000000000267.

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Ghecham, Mahieddine Adnan, and Nuha Hamada. "The role of informal institutions in explaining student’s academic engagement." Journal of International Education in Business 11, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jieb-06-2017-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the role of students’ cultural background in explaining their academic performance. Design/methodology/approach The paper aims at achieving the research objective with the use of questionnaires and structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings This paper shows that students’ code of conduct, which is grounded in their cultural background, affects their level of engagement in learning process. The paper supports, on one hand, the idea of extensive use of formative assessment techniques as a way of improving students’ engagement; it argues, on the other hand, that their effectiveness could be limited because of the bad impact of the students’ norms. Originality/value The paper aims at achieving the objective of the research using an interdisciplinary approach borrowing from the field of economics while discussing a research gap that covers a region that require more attention in the field of education.

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Henderson, John. "Horace, Odes 3.22, and the Life of Meaning: Stumbling and Stampeding Out of the Woods, Blinking and Screaming into the Light, Snorting and Gorging at the Trough, Slashing and Gouging at the Death." Ramus 24, no. 2 (1995): 103–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00002241.

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Now scientists in Cambridge are developing pigs with human genes which could provide a limitless supply of organs for transplant.(Radio Times, 1st March 1995)Latin scholarship through the years did not exactly splash out on this pig's whisper of acarmen, 3.22. Stunted notices regularly saw it off as ‘a traditional invocation’—just a coda and confirmation for 3.21—and it is securely penned into the Hellenistic dedicatory ‘Epigrammstypus’. Yet the poet has indeed set t/his tree off against the poetic wood that lines thecontinui montesofOdes I-III. In that company, the poem primes a cultural reading by framing theinterpretivityof its performance against all the other scenarios. As arecurrent eventin Roman pedagogy and classical reading-culture to this very moment (these very moments), it pushes us to enactreligioas a modality of agent self, mobilised within the social imaginary of formative environment and temporality, and modelling a contribution to the formation of that sociality. The challenge to Horace, as to other ancient magi and musers such as Cicero, Varro and Augustine, is notnotthe same that faces modern gurus and pundits writing Roman religion: butpoetryconscripts its readers for its project, animating the Roman religion it re-invents and activates, obliges the doing and the showing and the telling to fuse in the enthusing, three-in-one.

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Green, Paul B., and D. Ray Baxter. "Phyllotactic patterns: Characterization by geometrical activity at the formative region." Journal of Theoretical Biology 128, no. 3 (October 1987): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(87)80080-2.

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Rosli, Nadzirah, Norbani Che Ha, and Ezlika M. Ghazali. "Bridging the gap between branding and sustainability by fostering brand credibility and brand attachment in travellers’ hotel choice." Bottom Line 32, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 308–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-03-2019-0078.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effects of hotels’ brand attributes on consumers’ (patrons’ and guests’) by fostering brand credibility and brand attachment towards the propensity of word-of-mouth. The study uses the signaling theory to assess the relationships among the constructs. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach to validate the research model and the research hypotheses. To test the hypotheses, 474 travellers in Malaysia were recruited. Findings The empirical results reveal that hotel attributes have direct influence on brand credibility and brand attachment. Similarly, brand credibility has direct influence on brand attachment, while brand attachment also has direct influence on word-of-mouth. Consumers’ brand credibility partially mediates the relationship between hotel attributes and brand attachment. Likewise, consumer’s brand attachment also partially mediates the relationship between hotel attributes and word-of-mouth. Last but not least, brand credibility and brand attachment sequentially mediate the relationship between hotel attributes and word-of-mouth. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed together with its limitation and future research direction. Originality/value First, in terms of measures, brand attachment construct is operationalised as a formative second-order construct, with three reflective variables (brand passion, self-brand connection and brand affection) as the first-order constructs. In addition, brand credibility is also operationalised as a formative second-order construct, with three reflective variables (expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness) as the first-order constructs. On the other hand, hotel attributes construct is operationalised formatively as a higher-order abstraction of three categories of hotel facilities, which were also operationalised formatively (essential, culture compliant and in-room facilities). Second, this paper offers new insight into how brand credibility and brand attachment influence the relationship between hotel attributes and word-of-mouth. In a sustainability era, dissemination of complete and correct information is vital, to ensure consumers’ acceptance (e.g. likelihood to recommend to others). Thus, it is suggested that hotel managers to pay close attention to the role of brand credibility and brand attachment in tourists’ hotel choice, to secure sustainable brand.

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Halpenny, Elizabeth, Shintaro Kono, and Farhad Moghimehfar. "Predicting World Heritage site visitation intentions of North American park visitors." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-10-2017-0109.

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Purpose World Heritage sites (WHS) can play an important role in promoting visitation to emerging and remote destinations. Guided by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study aims to investigate factors that predict intentions to visit WHS. Design/methodology/approach Survey questionnaires were used to collect data from visitors (n = 519) to four Western North American WHS. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to identify three reflective models (attitude toward visiting World Heritage, perceived behavioural control and intention to visit WHS in the future), three formative models (attitude toward World Heritage designation, social influence (subjective norms) to visit World Heritage and World Heritage tourism brand equity) and a structural model. Findings World Heritage tourism brand equity and social influence were strong positive predictors of intentions to visit WHS in the future. Attitudes towards World Heritage designation, followed by World Heritage travel attitudes and perceived behavioural control, were progressively weaker, yet positive predictors. However, the latter two concepts’ impact was negligible. Originality/value This study addresses four deficiencies in tourism studies: TPB studies have failed to find consistent predictors of intentions to visit destinations; very few studies have attempted to verify the factors that predict visitation to WHS, despite the opportunities and costs that can arise from WHS-related tourism; few studies of tourists’ perceptions of World Heritage and related WHS travel intentions have been conducted in North America; and PLS-SEM was used to perform statistical methods not commonly used in tourism studies including formative models, importance-performance mapping and confirmatory tetrad analysis.

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Mostafa, Rania, Cristiana R. Lages, and Maria Sääksjärvi. "The CURE scale: a multidimensional measure of service recovery strategy." Journal of Services Marketing 28, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-09-2012-0166.

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Purpose – This paper aims to address the gaps in service recovery strategy assessment. An effective service recovery strategy that prevents customer defection after a service failure is a powerful managerial instrument. The literature to date does not present a comprehensive assessment of service recovery strategy. It also lacks a clear picture of the service recovery actions at managers’ disposal in case of failure and the effectiveness of individual strategies on customer outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – Based on service recovery theory, this paper proposes a formative index of service recovery strategy and empirically validates this measure using partial least-squares path modelling with survey data from 437 complainants in the telecommunications industry in Egypt. Findings – The CURE scale (CUstomer REcovery scale) presents evidence of reliability as well as convergent, discriminant and nomological validity. Findings also reveal that problem-solving, speed of response, effort, facilitation and apology are the actions that have an impact on the customer’s satisfaction with service recovery. Practical implications – This new formative index is of potential value in investigating links between strategy and customer evaluations of service by helping managers identify which actions contribute most to changes in the overall service recovery strategy as well as satisfaction with service recovery. Ultimately, the CURE scale facilitates the long-term planning of effective complaint management. Originality/value – This is the first study in the service marketing literature to propose a comprehensive assessment of service recovery strategy and clearly identify the service recovery actions that contribute most to changes in the overall service recovery strategy.

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Odoom, Raphael, John Paul Kosiba, Christian Tetteh Djamgbah, and Linda Narh. "Brand avoidance: underlying protocols and a practical scale." Journal of Product & Brand Management 28, no. 5 (August 19, 2019): 586–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-03-2018-1777.

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Purpose The increased practitioner and academic interest in negative brand phenomena highlight the need for the development of practical scales to be used for empirical investigations. Therefore, this paper aims to draw on existing conceptualisations to provide a theoretically grounded yet practically oriented scale for examining brand avoidance and its protocols. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a sample of 575 consumers from two developing countries to create a parsimonious brand avoidance scale. Partial least squares structural equation modelling is used to analyse the data through a systematic formative measurement approach Findings This paper finds brand avoidance to be a multidimensional, second-order construct with five first-order dimensions: moral avoidance, identity avoidance, deficit–value avoidance, experiential avoidance and advertising-related avoidance. The paper further validates this scale by testing with non-purchase intention and identifies its positive relationship with brand avoidance. Originality/value This study fulfils the calls in the literature to provide a measurable scale for studying negative brand phenomena in consumer–brand relationship research.

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Khalil, Syed Haider, Syed Mohsin Ali Shah, and Syed Majid Khalil. "Sustaining work outcomes through human capital sustainability leadership: knowledge sharing behaviour as an underlining mechanism." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 42, no. 7 (August 4, 2021): 1119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-02-2021-0051.

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PurposeThe current study aimed to investigate how perceived human capital sustainability leadership (HCSL) affects work outcomes (i.e. work engagement and job satisfaction), specifically through the mediating role of knowledge sharing behaviour in the hospitality industry. Building on social exchange theory and conservation of resources theory, the authors propose that knowledge sharing behaviour is an attempt to share and expand an individual's resources, which in return motivates employees during work. Furthermore, through the mediating effect of knowledge sharing behaviour, the authors attempt to provide empirical evidence for organisational actions and employees’ reciprocating actions, therefore, triggering positive contribution.Design/methodology/approachThe authors methodologically employed structure equation modelling for the analysis which includes reflective–formative higher-order construct (HOC) (i.e. HCSL). The authors tested the hypotheses with partial least square structure equation modelling (PLS-SEM) from a sample of 382 hotel employees who were selected through purposive sampling.FindingsThis study’s findings suggest that the employee engagement and job satisfaction regresses on HCSL and knowledge sharing behaviour. The study’s analysis also suggests that the relationships between the HCSL and work outcomes are mediated by knowledge sharing behaviour.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the sustainability leadership literature by looking into the integrated model of sustainable leadership from its four dimensions (i.e. sustainability leadership, ethical leadership, mindful leadership and servant leadership) and its consequences for work outcomes. Furthermore, the authors examined how knowledge sharing behaviour, being an underlining mechanism, affects these relationships, thus having implications for academia and practitioners.

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Green, R. N., R. L. Trowbridge, and K. Klinka. "Towards a Taxonomic Classification of Humus Forms." Forest Science 39, suppl_1 (February 1, 1993): a0001—z0002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/39.s1.a0001.

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Abstract A two-category taxonomic classification and a methodology for field description are proposed to aid in consistent identification and interpretation of humus forms for ecosystem research, surveys, and management. The classification uses the nomenclature principles of the U.S. soil taxonomy and the master organic horizon designations of the Canadian system of soil classification. It includes humus form taxa that have been recognized in Europe and North America. Recognized taxa are defined on the basis of observable and easily measurable morphological properties. Three taxa, Mor, Moder, and Mull, are recognized at the order level and are differentiated according to the type of F horizon and the relative prominence of organic-enriched A horizons. These reflect principal differences in the nature and rate of decomposition processes. Names of the 16 taxa at the lower, group level are created by adding formative elements to the name of the order. For example, groups of the Mor order are differentiated according to the relative thickness of F and H horizons (Hemimors and Humimors); degree of humification in the H horizon (Resimors); content of decaying wood (Lignomors); and moisture regime (Hydromors, Fibrimors, and Mesimors). Phases can be formed for any taxon to recognize important morphological properties that deviate from the taxonomic differentiae. Keys to the recognized taxa and descriptions of representative humus form profiles for each group are provided to assist in identification. Methods for describing, sampling, and surveying humus forms are presented to facilitate field examinations and subsequent studies.

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Kim, Myung Kyo, Ram Narasimhan, and Tobias Schoenherr. "Leveraging Logistics Competence in New Product Sourcing: The Role of Strategic Intent and Impact on Performance." Logistics 4, no. 4 (October 7, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics4040024.

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The purpose of the present research is to examine and compare product and logistics competencies in supplier selection decisions, which can serve as a crucial building block for competitive differentiation, in the context of the unique private label (PL) supply chain. This study also hypothesizes about the impact of product and logistics competence on the retailer’s financial performance. Lastly, the moderating role of the product type in the proposed research model is explored. Partial least squares path modelling is used to analyze the dataset drawn from major South Korean retailers, due to the exploratory nature of the research and the use of both reflective and formative construct measurement items. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that relationships between the desire for a particular strategic intent and performance are more complex than previous studies have implied. The findings of this research offer possible explanations on an important but understudied aspect of PL success: why not all PLs (even of the same retailer) are thriving even in a rapidly growing PL industry. We further elicit strategic recommendations for retailers in selecting PL suppliers and for PL manufacturers to differentiate themselves and achieve a superior performance.

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Povidaichyk, Oksana, Serhii Khomenko, Kateryna Volkova, Vira Korniat, Svitlana Cherneta, and Lesia Martirosian. "Professional Training of Future Social Workers for R&D Activities." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 13, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.2/413.

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The article describes the conditions, forms, and methods of optimizing research activities of future social workers in the Ukrainian society in unstable times. It aimsto offer a methodical model to develop research skills in future social workers and experimentally verify the system of training them for research activities. The research hypothesis is that one can discover more effective forms and methods of research activities due to the reasonable changes in educational conditions and the consideration of current trends in social work, which will lead to qualitative and quantitative results. Research methods are theoretical (generalization, comparison, pedagogical modelling) and practical (diagnostics, formation). The formative stage of the research provided a logical sequence of three stages: initial (1-2 courses); basic (3-4 courses); professional (1-2 courses of master's level). Experimental diagnostics involved the use of standardized methods, questionnaires, tests, expert evaluation. The total number of EG students was 118 people, the total number of CG students -121. The analysis of the results shows that at the end of the experiment the level of readiness of future social workers for R&D in the experimental sample is much higher than in the control. The number of students with a high level of readiness for R&D in the experimental sample increased by 16.9% and is 24.6% (in the control sample this figure is 13.2%). The effectiveness of the developed system of professional training of future social workers for R&D is ensured by the implementation of certain pedagogical conditions: the formation of motivation for R&D involvement of first-year students; providing research content of disciplines of fundamental, professional and practical training of social workers; use of differentiated learning technology in the process of research training of masters of social work; use of ICT (information and communication technologies).

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Kalantari Shahijan, Milad, Sajad Rezaei, Christopher Nigel Preece, and Wan Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail. "Examining retailers’ behaviour in managing critical points in Halal meat handling: a PLS analysis." Journal of Islamic Marketing 5, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 446–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-10-2013-0070.

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Purpose – This research aims to examine the casual relationship between normative belief (NB), subjective norms (SN), retailer’s behavioural belief (RBB), retailer’s attitude (RATT), retailer’s behaviour intention (RBI), retailer’s actual behaviour (RAB) and retail performance (RetailP). Managing Halal meat becomes an issue for retailers due to consumers’ concerns for their religious belief. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 230 questionnaires were distributed among Malaysian meat retailers of which 178 useful questionnaires were collected to empirically test the proposed seven critical points in Halal meat handling. Partial least squares, a structural equation modelling approach was used to examine simultaneously the structural components of both the measurement and causal model for reflective and formative constructs. Findings – RBI and RAB are positively related to NB, SN, RBB and RATT in which motivate retailers for high RetailP and critical points in Halal meat handling. The empirical assessment supports the proposed hypotheses and supports RetailP as a formative construct measured by sales revenue, market share and customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – Empirically it was found that theory of reasoned actions (TRA) can be used to predict RetailP in addition to RAB. This study has significant policy implications alongside research implications despite some limitations. Practical implications – The current literature and stated policies are focussing solely on consumers to understand the issues in Halal market which may not reach the strategic standpoint for firms and the state in general. The Malaysian Government should appreciate the importance of the Halal business markets in which NB, SN, RBB and RATT are influenced by certain elements discussed in this study. Originality/value – This study is among the first few attempts towards “Islamic Retailing”. Prior literature applied TRA in a customer market verses this study examine the attitude and behaviour of businesses market (retailers) in Malaysia. This study explores retailers’ behaviour towards Halal value chain by integrating TRA and critical points in Halal meat handling.

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Maksymchuk, Borys, Roman Gurevych, Tetiana Matviichuk, Oleksii Surovov, Nataliya Stepanchenko, Nadiia Opushko, Andrii Sitovskyi, et al. "Training Future Teachers to Organize School Sport." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 12, no. 4 (2020): 310–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/12.4/347.

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Nowadays, sport gives more consistent results than in the past. Therefore, it is important to use sports achievements in physical education of pupils and students in order to increase physical potential of the mankind. The research aims to theoretically justify and experimentally verify a pedagogical technology of training future teachers to organize school sport. Physical training can be considered effective if a relevant technology has been introduced. This technology should consist of the following pedagogical conditions: applying sports and physical education; conducting workshops (practice-oriented training); strengthening joint efforts of subject lecturers; organizing active forms of research activities; conducting systematic monitoring and evaluation; providing lecturers and students with educational and methodological literature. Methods: pedagogical observation, modelling, interviewing, diagnostic interviews, questionnaires, expert evaluation; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Three experimental groups (56, 30, 27 respondents) and three control groups (55, 30, 29 respondents) were formed. The overall results obtained from control and experimental groups during the formative experiment show positive dynamics of changes in experimental groups. The formulated conclusions verify the research hypothesis that the proposed technology can significantly increase readiness of future teachers to organize school sport provided it has been introduced into practical activities of higher education institutions.

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Kornienko, Yaroslav, Vasyl Raida, Roman Sachok, and Oleksiy Tsepkalo. "Mathematical Modelling of Continuous Formation of Multilayer Humic-Mineral Solid Components." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2009): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.04.335.

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A mathematical model of continuous granulation process of solid multilayer humic-mineral composites in the fluidized bed unit intended for liquid industrial wastes utilization with obtaining of complex granular fertilizers for environmentally safe agriculture was developed and the stabilization terms of the dispersion composition were defined.

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Valaei, Naser. "Organizational structure, sense making activities and SMEs’ competitiveness." VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems 47, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 16–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/vjikms-04-2016-0015.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a model of competitiveness for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by investigating the structural relationship between organizational structure, knowledge quality (KQ) dimensions, improvisational creativity, compositional creativity and innovation in an emerging market – Malaysia – grounding in sense-making and organizational improvisational theories. Design/methodology/approach A total of 358 valid questionnaires administered among SMEs’ top management were used in examining the measurement model and structural relationship between latent constructs using partial least squares (PLS) path-modelling approach. Findings The findings indicate that a flat organizational structure influences business entities’ sense-making activities in the way they realize the intrinsic value of knowledge (intrinsic KQ) and take action to apply the organizational knowledge (actionable KQ). These sense-making activities are also conducive to SMEs’ improvisational creativity, compositional creativity and innovative capabilities. All KQ dimensions are positively interrelated, thus supporting sense-making theory. Originality/value A sustainable competitive advantage for SMEs requires a setting that is based on a lean, decentralized and cooperative organizational structure that shapes organizational KQ. As a contribution to the literature, accessibility KQ is introduced as a KQ dimension. Even though previous research was unclear on the reflectiveness/formativeness of KQ, by applying confirmatory tetrad analysis-PLS, this study empirically supports that KQ is a formative construct.

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Akther, Taslima, and Fengju Xu. "An investigation of the credibility of and confidence in audit value: evidence from a developing country." Accounting Research Journal 34, no. 5 (May 27, 2021): 488–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-11-2019-0220.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the factors that enhance the credibility of and confidence in audit value. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 254 institutional investors through a questionnaire survey and were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings The findings reveal that the two influential predictors of enhanced credibility and confidence are perceived auditor independence and improved auditor communication. Factors related to auditor–client affiliation, such as restrictions on providing non-audit services, mandatory auditor rotation and the presence of effective audit committees, are identified as creating the perceived independence. Improved auditor communication is linked with improving the audit report and ensuring audit education, thus creating more sophisticated users who better understand the scope and purpose of an audit. Furthermore, independent audit oversight acts as a moderator in the relationship between perceived auditor independence, improved auditor communication and enhanced credibility. Enhanced credibility can lead to greater confidence in audit value. Originality/value In the wake of the global financial crisis and loss of confidence in the role of auditors, this study investigates the factors that can enhance the credibility of and confidence in audit value, especially in a non-Anglo-American setting. This study is unique in terms of methodological development, as it uses a higher-order Type II reflective–formative model using PLS-SEM.

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Adewuya, Abiodun O., Tomilola Adewumi, Olufisayo Momodu, Olushola Olibamoyo, Olabanji Adesoji, Adedayo Adegbokun, Suraju Adeyemo, Olufikunayo Manuwa, and Dapo Adegbaju. "Development and feasibility assessment of a collaborative stepped care intervention for management of depression in the mental health in primary care (MeHPriC) project, Lagos, Nigeria." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 13 (October 17, 2018): 2149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718002970.

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AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a primary care worker-led psychological intervention as the main feature of a collaborative stepped care for depression that is effective, affordable, culturally acceptable, tailored to patients’ clinical condition and easily integrate-able into the primary care schedule in Nigeria.MethodsUsing the Medical Research Council framework, in the first stage (modelling/theoretical development), experts reviewed and distilled evidence from literature to form the intervention components. In the second (formative) stage, local stakeholders were consulted on the practical application and feasibility of the proposed intervention. The third (piloting) stage involved testing for the clinical efficacy and acceptability of the components of the draft interventionResultsThe final intervention components included a 2-stage screening (red-flagging and further evaluation), psychoeducation, low-intensity psychological therapy (problem-solving therapy for primary care), antidepressant prescription, proactive mobile telephony adherence support and referral to the mental health specialist if needed. At 3 months, 71.6% of depressed patients on the intervention improved. The intervention was perceived to be acceptable and useful by over 70% of health workers and clients and had high ratings (>70% score) by expert panels on intervention simplicity, facilitation strategies, and quality of delivery.ConclusionsThe development and feasibility testing of our integrated intervention encompassed review of current literature, expert opinions and consultation with local stakeholders and end users. Our intervention package was largely deemed acceptable, relevant, useful, and feasible. Important lessons learnt with this process will help in future intervention developments.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Formative modelling'

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