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Journal articles on the topic 'Formation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 September 2024

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1

Sprecher, Aaron. "Information, In-formation, n-formations." Architext 9 (2021): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26351/architext/9/2.

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The nature of information has experienced a significant mutation over the past century. The advent of the information sciences and their incorporation into every domain of research has led us to reconfigure our perception of nature and human production. This reconfiguration epitomizes the current convergence of knowledge exemplified in digital architectural research. The architectural environment is now thoroughly infused with digital tools that are the direct products of both information theory and scientific investigation. A study of the various aspects of information leads us to consider these tools as composites of both reductionism and emergencism. The former considers reality in terms of universal laws that regulate nature, while the latter claims that in complex systems, new and entirely unexpected laws may emerge. In this regard, the coupling of inductive and deductive propositions – best demonstrated by the concepts of algorithmic complexity and abstracted networks – represents an essential feature in the construction of comprehensive evolutionary models, where evolution represents a combinatorial set of intensive information.

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2

Cannon, Garland, and Guy Bailey. "Back-Formations in English Word-Formation." Meta: Journal des traducteurs 31, no. 4 (1986): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002197ar.

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3

Wang, Jiao. "Gudao Oilfield Fault Seal Ability Research and Development of Oil and Gas Application." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1435.

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In Gudao Oilfield Southwest margin area, fault seal ability to determined under Guantao formation study reservoirs distribution has a very important significance. Through the research fault two plates of lithology relation, mudstone daub analysis, fault zone fillings argillaceous content analysis of the gender influence factors of study area, main fault sealing ability analysis results show that upper Guantao formation and under Guantao formation7, 8 sand formation fault seal ability is good, beneficial to the forming reservoirs; Under Guantao formation8 sand formation the following fault seal ability is bad, and can be used for oil and gas migration channels.

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4

Denney, Dennis. "Formation-Tester Pulse Testing in Tight Formations." Journal of Petroleum Technology 65, no. 02 (February 1, 2013): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0213-0132-jpt.

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5

Jia, Xue-Shun, Liang Yin, and Zhao-Kun Li. "Recent Advances in Copper(II)-Mediated or -Catalyzed C–H Functionalization." Synthesis 50, no. 21 (September 20, 2018): 4165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609932.

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This review summarizes recent developments in the field of copper-mediated or -catalyzed C–H functionalization. The substrate scope has been expanded from the C–H activation of aryls to more challenging alkyls. Furthermore, catalytic amounts of copper salt are sufficient to promote the challenging C–H functionalization in some cases, which represents the focus of future research.1 Introduction2 C–C Bond Formation3 C–N Bond Formation4 C–O Bond Formation5 C–Halogen Bond Formation6 C–S Bond Formation7 Conclusions and Outlook

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6

Bonneau, Jacqueline. "Les formations au développement personnel dans la formation." Journal français de psychiatrie 12, no. 1 (2001): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jfp.012.0024.

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7

Kwon, Daniel W. "Propellantless formation flight applications using electromagnetic satellite formations." Acta Astronautica 67, no. 9-10 (November 2010): 1189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.06.042.

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8

Maltsev, P. P., A. A. Ganzha, V. Yu Pavlov, A. O. Mikhalev, and A. I. Kozlitin. "Formation of Polymer Threads with Nanoscale Aluminum Formations." Nanobiotechnology Reports 17, S1 (December 2022): S15—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s263516762207014x.

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9

Puerto Galvis, Carlos, and Vladimir Kouznetsov. "Recent Advances for the C–C and C–N Bond Formation in the Synthesis of 1-Phenethyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline, Aporphine, Homoaporphine, and β-Carboline Alkaloids." Synthesis 49, no. 20 (September 21, 2017): 4535–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589512.

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Among the existing methods for the synthesis of bioactive and/or complex small molecules, organic transformations such as C–C and C–N bond formation have been significantly developed and exploited for the synthesis of diverse synthetic and natural fused aza-polycycles. The abundance and biological and physical activities of 1-phenethyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines, aporphines, homoaporphines, and β-carbolines have inspired many organic chemists to seek sustainable and efficient protocols for their preparation. However, these methodologies involve multiple steps and in most cases the key reaction step is based on the formation of new C–C and/or C–N bonds, and this is usually the critical step that lowers the yields and selectivity. This review is focused on the advances made in recent years regarding the synthesis of these selected natural fused aza-polycycles, overviewing the substrate scope, limitations, regioselectivity, and chemoselectivity, as well as related control strategies of these reactions, concentrating on developments from 2010 to 2016.1 Introduction2 1-Phenethyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines; Dysoxylum Alkaloids3 Aporphines, Homoaporphines, and Semisynthetic Derivatives4 Harmala and Eudistomin Alkaloids and Their Biological Properties5 Metal-Catalyzed C–C Bond Formation6 Pd-Catalyzed C–C and C–N Bond Formation7 Metal-Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation8 [4+2] Cycloaddition in the Synthesis Of Aporphines9 Tandem C–N/C–C Bond Formation: The Pictet–Spengler Reaction10 Miscellaneous Methods11 Conclusions

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10

Lessard, Claude. "Formation initiale et formation continue." Administration & �ducation N�154, no. 2 (2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/admed.154.0151.

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11

RIVIERE, RAYMOND. "L'EAO: formation initiale-formation continue." European Journal of Engineering Education 11, no. 2 (January 1986): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03043798608939291.

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12

Larson, Richard B. "Galaxy Formation and Cluster Formation." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 126 (1988): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090004256x.

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A primary motivation for studying globular clusters is that, as the oldest known galactic fossils, they trace the earliest stages of galactic evolution; indeed, they may hold the key to understanding galaxy formation. Thus it is clearly of great importance to learn how to read the fossil record. To do this, we need to understand something about how the globular clusters themselves formed. Were they the first bound objects to form, or did they form in larger pre-existing systems of which they are just small surviving fragments? If the latter, what were the prehistoric cluster-forming systems like? And how did they manage to produce objects like globular clusters?

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13

Elmegreen, B. G. "Star Formation During Galaxy Formation." EAS Publications Series 51 (2011): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas/1151005.

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14

Nemák, Katalin, Mária Ács, D. Kozma, and E. Fogassy. "Racemic compound formation-conglomerate formation." Journal of Thermal Analysis 48, no. 3 (March 1997): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01979515.

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15

Bilal, Mohammad, and Adnan Khan. "Geotechnical Evaluation of Limestones from Cape Monze and Adjoining Areas, Karachi, Pakistan for Their Utilization as Road Aggregate." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss2.2019.255.

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Limestone samples (n = 19) were collected from outcrops of Nari and Gaj formations for the determinationof physicochemical and mechanical characteristics. Compressive strength of Nari and Gaj formations varied in therange of 29-63 and 94-32 MPA with mean of 44 and 58 MPA respectively. Density of Gaj Formation (range: 2364-3264; mean: 2893 Kg/m3) is relatively higher than Nari Formation (range: 2321-3284; mean: 2565 Kg/m3). Meanspecific gravity of both Nari and Gaj formations is 2.5. Absorption of Nari Formation (mean: 2.64) is higher than theGaj Formation (mean: 1.78). Mean Sulphate soundness of Nari Formation (8.7%) is slightly higher than Gaj Formation(8.5%). Abrasion values of both formations are within the AASHTO reference range (< 40%) where mean value ofLoss Angles for Nari Formation is 34% and Gaj Formation is 26%. Crushing values of both Nari (10-50%) and Gaj(10-25%) formations where mean of Nari (27%) is double the mean of Gaj (13%) Formation. Mean water-solublesulphate and chloride of both formations is same (0.1% and 0.04% respectively). Both formations have alkaline pH(8.1±). Mean TOC content of Nari and Gaj formations is 0.4%. Carbonate% of Nari and Gaj formations is < 46%. Claylumps and friable particles in both formations are highly variable but the mean values are within permissible range (<1%). Elongation Index of both formations is double (30) the standard EI value (15%) set by National HighwayAuthority, Pakistan. Mean Flakiness value of both formations is 20%.

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16

Bilal, Mohammad, and Adnan Khan. "Geotechnical Evaluation of Limestones from Cape Monze and Adjoining Areas, Karachi, Pakistan for Their Utilization as Road Aggregate." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i2.255.

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Limestone samples (n = 19) were collected from outcrops of Nari and Gaj formations for the determinationof physicochemical and mechanical characteristics. Compressive strength of Nari and Gaj formations varied in therange of 29-63 and 94-32 MPA with mean of 44 and 58 MPA respectively. Density of Gaj Formation (range: 2364-3264; mean: 2893 Kg/m3) is relatively higher than Nari Formation (range: 2321-3284; mean: 2565 Kg/m3). Meanspecific gravity of both Nari and Gaj formations is 2.5. Absorption of Nari Formation (mean: 2.64) is higher than theGaj Formation (mean: 1.78). Mean Sulphate soundness of Nari Formation (8.7%) is slightly higher than Gaj Formation(8.5%). Abrasion values of both formations are within the AASHTO reference range (< 40%) where mean value ofLoss Angles for Nari Formation is 34% and Gaj Formation is 26%. Crushing values of both Nari (10-50%) and Gaj(10-25%) formations where mean of Nari (27%) is double the mean of Gaj (13%) Formation. Mean water-solublesulphate and chloride of both formations is same (0.1% and 0.04% respectively). Both formations have alkaline pH(8.1±). Mean TOC content of Nari and Gaj formations is 0.4%. Carbonate% of Nari and Gaj formations is < 46%. Claylumps and friable particles in both formations are highly variable but the mean values are within permissible range (<1%). Elongation Index of both formations is double (30) the standard EI value (15%) set by National HighwayAuthority, Pakistan. Mean Flakiness value of both formations is 20%.

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17

Pfretzschner, Hans-Ulrich. "Pyrite formation in Pleistocene bones - a case of very early mineral formation during diagenesis." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 217, no. 1 (July 21, 2000): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/217/2000/143.

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18

Abdullah, Wan Hasiah, and Say Gee Sia. "Geology, resource potential and organic petrography of the Neogene coals in the Miri area of Northwest Sarawak, Malaysia." Warta Geologi 48, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/wg482202202.

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There are three coal-bearing geological formations in the Miri area, viz. the Belait Formation, the Lambir Formation, and the Liang Formation. Of the three coal-bearing geological formations, only the sub-bituminous B Tutoh coals from the Belait Formation, with an estimated resource of 203 million tonnes, are believed to be of economic potential. The Tutoh coals are dominated by vitrinite group, especially desmocollinite. The sub-bituminous B from the Lambir Formation and the lignite from Liang Formation are of low economic potential due to the limited area of the hosting formations.

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19

Berezova, L. V. "Peculiarities of constructive thinking formation." Bìoresursi ì prirodokoristuvannâ 8, no. 3-4 (November 16, 2016): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bio2016.03.016.

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20

Mullaev, Dilshod Akhmatovich. "FORMATION OF TEACHER INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-12-08.

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The role of the educator and his responsibilities will determine the importance of the attention paid by society and the public to the work of educating the younger generation. In the process of implementing the "National Program of Personnel Training" in our country, the responsibility of teachers to society in educating and educating the younger generation will continue to grow.

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21

Allamova, Mahbuba Kudrat Qizi. "FORMATION TYPES OF KOREAN NEOLOGISMS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-19.

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This article analyzes the formation types of recent Korean neologisms used among youth. To this end, we use the data appearing in recent newspapers and online dictionaries showing the most recent usages. During the discussion, we categorize the data into several groups and show the types with examples. We also show that the types of acronyms were studied by Korean language professors. Finally, we conclude the article by claiming that the main characters in recent neologisms can be defined as a new bilingualism as the youngsters occasionally code-switch between standard usages and neologisms. This new trend is popular among teenagers and adult.

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22

Popovych, Vasyl, and Yana Popovych. "A professional image’s formation philosophy." Humanities Bulletin of Zaporizhzhe State Engineering Academy, no. 76 (2019): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/2072-1692-2019-76-13.

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23

KOBILOVA, GULJAKHAN. "Formation of modern Korean culture." Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies 03, no. 03 (October 1, 2022): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/os/vol-01issue-03-11.

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This article is devoted to the history of the formation and development of modern Korean culture. The article, first of all, reveals the concept of the terms "culture", "mass culture" and "modern culture", and provides conclusions about the fact that culture is an indicator, the so-called measure of consciousness and values of a person and society as a whole. Mass culture, in turn, has become the leading cultural form and, under the influence of globalization processes, it has become a global phenomenon. Through cultural integration, the exchange of customs, traditions, art, and technologies with each other and their modification in accordance with modern views and values, modern culture is formed, which opens up new areas of research for scientists. The paper also discusses the relevance of this topic, the features of the formation of traditional Korean culture, and the factors that influenced its transformation and transformation into one of the areas of modern mass culture. Before considering the modern phenomenon, the study provides a brief history of the gradual development of culture from ancient times to the present day. The paper also cites a number of scholarly historians, culturologists-Korean studies, both Uzbek and foreign, and their scientific works in the field of Korean studies, and based on their analysis, this study was carried out. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the modern phenomenon of the cultural wave of South Korea - Hallyu, its economic content, state policy aimed at supporting and developing Korean culture, and territorial popularization, as a phenomenon that is a unique interweaving of opposite principles: traditional Eastern (Confucian) and Western cultural values, finding its connoisseurs all over the world, including in Uzbekistan, as a universal culture. The peculiarity and novelty of this phenomenon are also that, unlike neighboring Eastern cultures such as Chinese, Japanese or Indian, representing a person, first of all, a picture of the traditional classical era pops up before his eyes, in the case of Korea, more popular representation of the current modern post-industrial era. The people of South Korea managed to find a balance of traditions and innovations that best meets the requirements of the modern development of the country.

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24

Shao, Gang, Lei Wan, and Huixi Xu. "A Novel Method of Time-Varying Formation Control Based on a Directed Graph for Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles." Applied Sciences 14, no. 14 (July 22, 2024): 6377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146377.

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Currently, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are facing various challenges, rendering multiple-AUV (multi-AUV) formation control a pivotal research direction. The issues surrounding formation control for a multi-AUV system to establish time-varying formations must be investigated. This paper discusses the formation protocol of multi-AUV systems in order to establish the defined time-varying formations. First, when these systems establish formations, the speed of each AUV can be equivalent. After that, consensus-based methods are used to solve the time-varying formation-control problem. The necessary and sufficient process of multi-AUV in achieving time-varying formations is proved. Furthermore, the formula for the time-varying formation center function is provided. Further, we present a protocol law for multi-AUVs to establish time-varying formations. Finally, the theoretical results of a simulation are presented, which validate the formation protocol.

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25

Takhirjanovich, Razikov Odil. "Role of intrusive formations in the formation of minerality." ACADEMICIA: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL 11, no. 1 (2021): 1570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.00222.6.

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26

TAO, Guo, Ning GU, and Shu-Min LIU. "Response of Wireline Formation Tester in Permeability Anisotropic Formations." Chinese Journal of Geophysics 48, no. 1 (January 2005): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.647.

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27

Shokrollahi, Amin, Syeda Sara Mobasher, Kofi Ohemeng Kyei Prempeh, Parker William George, Abbas Zeinijahromi, Rouhi Farajzadeh, Nazliah Nazma Zulkifli, Mohammad Iqbal Mahammad Amir, and Pavel Bedrikovetsky. "CO2 Storage in Subsurface Formations: Impact of Formation Damage." Energies 17, no. 17 (August 23, 2024): 4214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17174214.

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The success of CO2 storage projects largely depends on addressing formation damage, such as salt precipitation, hydrate formation, and fines migration. While analytical models for reservoir behaviour during CO2 storage in aquifers and depleted gas fields are widely available, models addressing formation damage and injectivity decline are scarce. This work aims to develop an analytical model for CO2 injection in a layer-cake reservoir, considering permeability damage. We extend Dietz’s model for gravity-dominant flows by incorporating an abrupt permeability decrease upon the gas-water interface arrival in each layer. The exact Buckley-Leverett solution of the averaged quasi-2D (x, z) problem provides explicit formulae for sweep efficiency, well impedance, and skin factor of the injection well. Our findings reveal that despite the induced permeability decline and subsequent well impedance increase, reservoir sweep efficiency improves, enhancing storage capacity by involving a larger rock volume in CO2 sequestration. The formation damage factor d, representing the ratio between damaged and initial permeabilities, varies from 0.016 in highly damaged rock to 1 in undamaged rock, resulting in a sweep efficiency enhancement from 1–3% to 50–53%. The developed analytical model was applied to predict CO2 injection into a depleted gas field.

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28

Egger, Hans. "Lithostratigraphy of the Altlengbach formation and the Anthering formation in the Rhenodanubian Flysch (Eastern Alps, Penninic)." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 196, no. 1 (March 27, 1995): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/196/1995/69.

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29

Yao, Zheng, Sentang Wu, and Yongming Wen. "Formation Generation for Multiple Unmanned Vehicles Using Multi-Agent Hybrid Social Cognitive Optimization Based on the Internet of Things." Sensors 19, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071600.

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Multi-agent hybrid social cognitive optimization (MAHSCO) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) is suggested to solve the problem of the generation of formations of unmanned vehicles. Through the analysis of the unmanned vehicle formation problem, formation principles, formation scale, unmanned vehicle formation safety distance, and formation evaluation indicators are taken into consideration. The application of the IoT enables the optimization of distributed computing. To ensure the reliability of the formation algorithm, the convergence of MAHSCO has been proved. Finally, computer simulation and actual unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation generation flight generating four typical formations are carried out. The result of the actual UAV formation generation flight is consistent with the simulation experiment, and the algorithm performs well. The MAHSCO algorithm based on the IoT is proved to be able to generate formations that meet the mission requirements quickly and accurately.

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30

Barreto, José Fernando. "Formation." Revista Estomatología 21, no. 2 (September 29, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v21i2.5759.

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31

Rouard, Françoise. "Formation." Les Cahiers Dynamiques 41, no. 1 (2008): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lcd.041.0069.

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32

Vilès, Hector. "Formation." Les Cahiers Dynamiques Hors-série, HS (2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lcd.hs01.0055.

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33

Amortila, Muriel. "Formation." Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie 15, no. 1 (January 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfo.2022.02.001.

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34

Bidwell, Duane R., and Joretta L. Marshall. "Formation." American Journal of Pastoral Counseling 8, no. 3-4 (February 7, 2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j062v08n03_01.

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35

Maisonneuve, Catherine. "Formation." Kinésithérapie, la Revue 11, no. 119 (November 2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1779-0123(11)75199-3.

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36

Léon, Myriam, Mariette Kammerer, Isabelle Mangard-Beaulieu, and Laurent Terme. "Formation." Lien Social N° 1344, no. 15 (September 5, 2023): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/liso.1344.0022.

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37

Laot, Françoise F., and Gerard Malglaive. "Formation des adultes, formation des enseignants." Recherche & formation, no. 53 (December 1, 2006): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rechercheformation.993.

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38

Bouclier, Suzanne. "Entre formation choisie et formation imposée." Oxymag 25, no. 123 (March 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oxy.2012.03.001.

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39

Flinois, Thibault L. B., Daniel P. Scharf, Carl R. Seubert, Michael Bottom, and Stefan R. Martin. "Starshade formation flying II: formation control." Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 6, no. 02 (April 11, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.6.2.029001.

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40

Maltsev, P. P., A. A. Ganzha, V. Yu Pavlov, A. O. Mikhalev, and A. I. Kozlitin. "Threads Formation with Nanosized Aluminium Formation." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 24, no. 5 (October 24, 2022): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.24.219-222.

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41

P Hydrose Rasmi, Sona. "Biofilm Formation of Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia and the Effect of Antibiotics on Biofilm Formation in vitro." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2023): 1687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23328122209.

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42

Zhang, Qin, Feng Liang, Jingbo Zeng, Zhen Qiu, Shangwen Zhou, Wen Liu, and Weiliang Kong. "Paleoenvironment Comparison of the Longmaxi and Qiongzhusi Formations, Weiyuan Shale Gas Field, Sichuan Basin." Processes 11, no. 7 (July 19, 2023): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072153.

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The Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation are the two most important shale strata. Although differences between these two shales have become the focus of current research, a comparative study of the depositional environments has not been performed. Using cores of both Longmaxi and Qiongzhusi formations of well W201, the in situ comparison of the sedimentary environment was realized, and the interference of other factors was eliminated, which made the results more reliable. In this study, 72 samples from both formations were collected from well W201, Weiyuan shale gas field, Sichuan Basin. A systematic study, including total organic carbon (TOC) content, mineral composition, and major/trace elemental analyses, was conducted to elucidate the paleoenvironments of the Qiongzhusi and Longmaxi formations. The results show both formations were deposited in non-sulfidic environments. The depositional conditions of the Longmaxi formation varied from reducing to oxidizing from bottom to top. The detrital flow happened during the deposition of the Qiongzhusi formation, which resulted in three stages of the redox conditions, from anoxic to oxic and then to anoxic from bottom to top of the Qiongzhusi formation. The anoxic conditions of the Qiongzhusi formation were considerably stronger than those of the Longmaxi formation. Both formations were deposited in warm and humid climates. Ratios of Eu/Eu*, Y/Y*, LaN/YbN, light rare earth element (LREE) and heavy rare earth element (HREE) revealed that the Longmaxi formation was primarily controlled by seawater, whereas the Qiongzhusi formation was jointly influenced by seawater and hydrothermal fluid. The organic matter enrichment for the Longmaxi and Qiongzhusi formations was controlled by paleoproductivity and redox conditions. Due to the slightly lower paleoproductivity and influence of detrital input, the degree of organic matter enrichment in the Qiongzhusi formation was lower than that in the Longmaxi formation.

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43

Paul, Josef. "Zechstein – Portrait of an unusual Formation." Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereins 96 (March 20, 2014): 407–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/jmogv/96/0019.

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44

Ineson, J. R., J. S. Peel, and M. P. Smith. "The Sjælland Fjelde Formation: a new Ordovician formation from eastern North Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 132 (December 31, 1986): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v132.7961.

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The name Sjælland Fjelde Formation is introduced for a varied sequence of shallow-water platform dolomites and dolomitic limestones, about 105 m in thickness, in Kronprins Christian Land, eastern North Greenland. The new formation lies between the previously described Wandel Valley and Børglum River Formations. Conodont faunas indicate that the Sjælland Fjelde Formation is of Middle to earliest Late Whiterockian (early Middle Ordovician) age and that it can be eorrelated with the upper part of the Wandel Valley Formation of Peary Land to the north-west.

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Saxena, Anju, Kamal Jeet Singh, and Shreerup Goswami. "Advent and decline of the genus Glossopteris Brongniart in the Talcher Coalfield, Mahanadi Basin, Odisha, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 63, no. (1-2) (December 31, 2014): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2014.329.

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The paper deals with the distribution of the genus Glossopteris and its fructifications in different Lower Gondwana formations of Talcher Coalfield of Odisha State. We demonstrate how this taxon appeared in this basin in the earliest Permian Talchir Formation and evolved and diversified through the Karharbari, Barakar, Barren Measures and lower part of Kamthi formations and ultimately vanished in the early Triassic in the upper part of Kamthi Formation. Amongst fifty-one species of the genus Glossopteris recorded in all, one species each has been found in the Talchir and upper part of Kamthi formations and two, sixteen and forty-seven species respectively are represented in Karharbari, Barakar and the lower part of Kamthi formations. Barren Measures Formation is devoid of any megaplant fossil. Similarly, out of twenty-seven taxa of fertile organs belonging to the Glossopteris, two each are found in the Talchir and Barakar formations respectively, whereas twenty-four are recorded from the lower part of Kamthi Formation. It is observed that Glossopteris is less diversified in Early Permian Karharbari Formation. However, it diversified and proliferated during Barakar and Late Permian lower part of Kamthi formations. Further, it shows declination in the Early Triassic upper part of Kamthi Formation. The study shows that the lower part of Kamthi Formation of Talcher Coalfield has the maximum diversity of Glossopteris (forty-seven species) among all the known localities of this formation exposed in Indian Gondwana. The existence of meagre Glossopteris species against many Gangamopteris species in the needle shale confirms its association with the lower floral zone of Talchir Formation instead of the upper floral zone established by previous workers in this basin. Very low diversity of Glossopteris in the upper part of Kamthi Formation of Talcher Basin demonstrates that this palaeogeographic area would have experienced more arid conditions in early–middle Triassic period as compared to the mellowing climatic conditions prevailing during the same time period in the Panchet Formation (=Upper Kamthi Formation) of other areas of Son–Mahanadi Basin and the Damodar Basin.

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Karim, Kamal H., Hiyam Daoud, Rzger A. Abdula, and Arkan O. Sharezwri. "Occurrence And Relationship Of The Aqra, Bekhme And Govanda Formations In The Soran (Rawanduz) Area, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 73, no. 1 (May 23, 2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm73202206.

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The present study focuses on the presentation of field and laboratory evidences for the first record of the Aqra Formation (Maastrichtian) outcrop at the top of the Tanjero Formation in the Soran area, Erbil Governorate. The previous studies indicated its outcrops as Middle Miocene Govanda Formation between Merga Red Bed Series and Tanjero Formation. The present study discusses relations of this outcrop with Govanda and Bekhme formations in the Sulaimani and Duhok governorates in terms of environment and tectonics. In the Soran area, the formation has variable thickness ranging between 2-160 m and underlies either Red Bed Series or Govanda Formation (Middle Miocene). The study documented many stratigraphic and paleontological evidences to prove occurrence of the Aqra Formation in the area. Additionally, we discussed the significance of its occurrence in detail by which many tectonic and stratigraphic issues of the area are unlocked. One of the issues is occurrence of Tanjero Formation between the Aqra and Bekhme formations and it separates the two formations in two different age ranges and tectonic episodes. Another issue is the documentation of the occurrence of the Aqra Formation inside the Thrust Zone by which the distribution of the formation is extendable beyond Main Zagros Thrust Fault. The study includes a detailed stratigraphic column and tectonic model of the formation to show the coastal area, patchy reef, and shelf environment of the Aqra Formation.

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Alwan, Dr Kareem A. Alwan, Ahmed K. H. Alhusseini Alhusseini, and Dr Faleh H. M. Almahdawi Almahdawi. "Distribution of Pore Pressure Gradient for Some Deep Formations in Iraqi Oil Fields." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i5.207.

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Pore pressures are the fluid pressures in the pore spaces in the porous formations.Interactive Petrophysic (IP) software is used to determine the pore pressure gradient from logdata. These data are (GR log, Bulk Density and Sonic log).Surfer software is used to create the formation pressure distribution maps. These mapsshow the pore pressure gradient (PPG) for sex formations in contour forms. The formations arechosen depending upon the availability of formation in 11wells/11 fields. These maps areprovided the pore pressure distribution in middle and south of Iraq and eventually, give a clearimagination for high and low pressure regions for each formation separately.Six formation are considered in this research, these formations which existed in earlyCretaceous and late Jurassic (deep formations) are Shuaiba, Zubair, Ratawi, Yammama, Sulaiyand Gotnia.Finally, the outputs of these software helps to explain the abnormal pressure location andtheir distribution for the formation under study, this assists to expected the drilling mud programfor these formation.

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Selkin, Vadim M. "On Minimal τ-Closed ω-Local Non-ℌ-formations." Algebra Colloquium 19, no. 04 (October 15, 2012): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386712000600.

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Let Θ be a collection of formations. A formation 𝔉 ∈ Θ is called an ℌΘ-critical formation or a minimal non-ℌ Θ-formation if 𝔉 ⊈ ℌ but the class ℌ of groups contains each proper Θ-subformation of 𝔉. In this paper we study ℌΘ-critical formations, where Θ is the class of all τ-closed ω-local formations.

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Ali, S., and K. Mosto-Onuoha. "Assessment of the interval heat flow and thermal resistance at the Faltu-1 well, Borno basin, NE Nigeria." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 27, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i2.8.

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The heat flowing through horizons in the Faltu-1 well, Borno Basin, NE Nigeria was calculated from their thermal conductivities and geothermal gradients with the aim of determining whether or not it is uniform, and if not, the depths where it is diverted, and the possible heat diversion process. The interval heat flow was assessed to be non-uniform. While fluid convection is adjudged to be the major heat diversion mechanism within the Chad Formation with minor heat refraction, the reversed is adjudged to be the situation for the underlying Kerri Kerri Formaton within which increasing sand content with depth is also predicted, with the lower interval predicted to be the Gombe Formation. Patterns of disruptions to the vertical heat flow within the Fika Formation were inferred to suggest rhythmic bedding of shale and sand beds that could serve as both source and reservoir rocks. Magmatic intrusions that impacted the maturation of organic matter into oil and gas also provided necessary entrapment structures and possible migration pathways. The Gongila and Bima Formations each has single disruption of the heat flows that are attributed to refraction. In the case of the Gongila Formation, the disruption is between the early-deposited more sandy and laterdeposited more shaley lithologies in the marine transgression of the area, while in the case of the Bima, it is between the more shaley Upper and more sandy Middle Bima Formations. Analysis of the Bullard plots also revealed disruptions to the vertical heat flow that are attributed either to convecting fluids or to heat refraction and diffraction. Two such disrupting heat advections were identified within the Chad Formation with the first being attributed to convection, while the other is attributed to a combination of both. Two similar disruptions for the Kerri Kerri Formation were attributed largely to lithological variations with minor contributions from convection of fluids. While unable to discern the rhythmic bedding, the five disruptions of the Bullard plot for the Fika Formation and one each for the Gongila and Bima Formations were interpreted to indicate similar features inferred from interval heat flow plots. Keywords: Interval heat flow, heat convection, heat diffraction, thermal resistivity, shaliness

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Tanoli, Saifullah K., and Ron K. Pickerill. "Lithostratigraphy of the Cambrian – Lower Ordovician Saint John Group, southern New Brunswick." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 669–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-064.

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The Cambrian – Lower Ordovician Saint John Group of the Saint John area, southern New Brunswick, has historically been subdivided into 11 formations. The existing scheme is inappropriate, however, as many of the supposed formations, particularly those of Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician age, were distinguished on a biostratigraphic rather than lithostratigraphic basis. We suggest the sequence can be more appropriately subdivided into seven formations, each of which can be clearly and easily identified by the field geologist. Lower Cambrian formations comprise, from base to top, the Ratcliffe Brook, Glen Falls, and Hanford Brook formations, all of which are retained from the previous nomenclature. Middle Cambrian strata comprise the Forest Hills Formation (to replace the Fossil Brook and Porter Road formations) and Upper Cambrian strata the King Square Formation (to replace the Hastings Cove and Agnostus Cove formations) and Silver Falls Formation (to replace the Black Shale Brook and Narrows formations). Lower Ordovician strata are referred to as the Reversing Falls Formation (to replace the Navy Island and Suspension Bridge formations). Descriptions of each formation are given, major sections of each are included, and stratigraphic correlation of the sequence in different geographic areas is demonstrated.

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