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Journal articles on the topic 'Formation Los Molles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Ostera, Héctor Adolfo, Roberto García, Daniel Malizia, Pablo Kokot, Leonel Wainstein, and Marcelo Ricciutti. "Shale gas plays, Neuquén Basin, Argentina: chemostratigraphy and mud gas carbon isotopes insights." Brazilian Journal of Geology 46, suppl 1 (June 2016): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-4889201620150001.

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ABSTRACT: In order to enhance the knowledge of shale objectives from Vaca Muerta and Los Molles Formations in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina, chemostratigraphic and mud gas carbon isotope analyses were performed in two wells from Agua del Cajón and Salitral oilfields (ADC-1016 and NqSa-1148). Geochemical data show restricted levels in both cases to perforate and produce. In ADC-1016 well, Lower Los Molles Formation looks like the most suitable play to be produced. At El Salitral oilfield (NqSa-1148), the best remarkable Vaca Muerta-Quintuco objectives are associated with authigenic elements, in limited horizons. Enhancement of the Quintuco reservoir by deep circulating fluids (thermobaric reservoir) is suggested. Carbon isotope analysis reveals complex processes that affected the gas composition. Addition of microbial methane, biodegradation of ethane-propane and mixing of gases has been recognized. Isotope reversals and presumed water reforming of hydrocarbons have been registered associated with overpressure for Lower Los Molles Formation in the ADC-1016 well, which is pointed out as the most promising shale play in the area. Vaca Muerta gases at Agua del Cajon ADC- 1016 well are associated with the homonymous source. El Salitral 1148 well shows that primary isotope composition in gases from Vaca Muerta shale play and Quintuco reservoir could be associated with a Lower Los Molles source, an aloctonous charge related with the main structures of the area.

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2

BAUDET, JEAN C. "La formation des ingénieurs et les sciences ‘molles’." European Journal of Engineering Education 16, no. 4 (January 1991): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03043799108939542.

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3

Fernández, Marta S. "A new ichthyosaur from the Los Molles Formation (Early Bajocian), Neuquen Basin, Argentina." Journal of Paleontology 73, no. 4 (July 1999): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000032492.

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A large ichthyosaur from the Los Molles Formation (Early Bajocian) of the Neuquén Basin, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina, represents a new genus and species,Mollesaurus periallus.The holotype ofM. periallusnew species represents, along with the type ofChacaicosaurus cayithat was found at the same locality, the only diagnostic ichthyosaur specimens from the Aalenian-Bathonian interval.

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4

Davaille, Anne, Erika Di Giuseppe, Eric Mittelstaedt, and Suzanne Smrekar. "Convection dans les planètes « molles » : du laboratoire à Vénus." Reflets de la physique, no. 66 (July 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/202066010.

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Dans les manteaux des planètes rocheuses et dans les dispersions colloïdales, une variation de température ou de composition peut induire des variations de densité, la gélification de leur microstructure et une modification drastique de leur viscosité. Mouvements de convection et formation d’une peau faiblement déformable en surface peuvent donc coexister. L’étude de la convection dans les dispersions colloïdales peut fournir des informations précieuses sur la physique des planètes. Ainsi, nous avons montré que les panaches thermiques sont importants pour casser la peau de surface et induire la subduction de celle-ci, un phénomène qui pourrait être actif sur Vénus aujourd’hui.

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5

Benedetto, Juan L. "Early Ordovician (Arenig) brachiopods from volcaniclastic rocks of the Famatina Range, northwest Argentina." Journal of Paleontology 77, no. 2 (March 2003): 212–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000043614.

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This paper constitutes the first monographical study of the rich brachiopod faunas from the Early Ordovician Suri and Molles Formations of the central Famatina Range, which form a nearly continuous, more than 2,000 m thick succession of fossiliferous clastic and volcaniclastic rocks. Conodonts from the brachiopod-rich levels of the upper third of the Suri Formation and Los Molles Formation indicate the upper part of the Oepikodus evae Biozone (mid-Arenig). The systematic study of brachiopod faunas reveals the presence of 22 species belonging to 19 genera, three of which are new. The new genera recognized are the orthid Suriorthis, the hesperonomiid Mollesella, and the rectostrophiid Trigonostrophia. The following 12 new species and subspecies are described and illustrated: the clitambonitoidean Tritoechia mollesensis; the skenidioideans Crossiskenidium? stelzneri and Skenidioides kayseri; the orthoideans Paralenorthis suriensis, Paralenorthis riojanus brevis, Panderina? ambigua, Productorthis angulensis, Hesperonomiella arcuata, and Monorthis transversa; the plectorthoideans Ffynnonia famatinensis and Desmorthis? bifurcata; and the porambonitoidean Rugostrophia protoandina. Associated forms are Tritoechia sp., Pinatotoechia acantha Benedetto, 2001b; Protoskenidioides cf. revelata Williams, 1974; Hesperonomia orientalis Benedetto, 1998a; Paralenorthis riojanus (Levy and Nullo, 1973), Famatinorthis turneri (Levy and Nullo, 1973); and Camerella sp. Brachiopods from the Famatina Range display strong affinities with Welsh and Central Newfoundland, Maine and New Brunswick volcanic assemblages forming with them a statistically well defined Celtic cluster. Faunal evidence suggests that the Famatina volcanic belt continues northward into the western Puna belt.

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6

Chaumeil Rodríguez, Micaela, Emanuela Mattioli, and Juan Pablo Pérez Panera. "Lower Jurassic calcareous nannofossil taxonomy revisited according to the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) record." Journal of Micropalaeontology 41, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-75-2022.

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Abstract. Standard Early Jurassic biostratigraphic studies were performed in the boreal and Tethys realms (western Europe and northern Africa), and biozonations from these areas are the most accurate of the world. Comparatively, investigations in the Pacific realm are scarce, and, in Argentina, they are limited to contributions based on oil-industry subsurface and outcrop reports for the Los Molles Formation. A focused systematic analysis was not previously addressed in the area. The Neuquén Basin in west–central Argentina offers a unique opportunity to study the Early Jurassic calcareous nannofossil history in the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages from El Matuasto I section (Los Molles Formation) represent one of the earliest records for the Early Jurassic in the Neuquén Basin and one of the few for the eastern Pacific realm. A detailed systematic analysis allowed the recognition of major bioevents and a comparison with worldwide associations and biostratigraphic schemes. A thorough taxonomic discussion of the Early Jurassic nannofossil species of the Neuquén Basin is presented for the first time. Herein, the taxonomic features of coccoliths recorded in the Neuquén Basin are settled. The age of the calcareous nannofossil assemblages recorded in El Matuasto I is early–late Pliensbachian, covering the NJT4a to NJT4c subzones. Similarities between the Neuquén Basin and localities from the proto-Atlantic region suggest an effective connection between the Pacific and Tethyan basins during the Pliensbachian.

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7

Chaumeil Rodríguez, Micaela, Emanuela Mattioli, and Juan Pablo Pérez Panera. "Lower Jurassic calcareous nannofossil taxonomy revisited according to the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) record." Journal of Micropalaeontology 41, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-75-2022.

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Abstract. Standard Early Jurassic biostratigraphic studies were performed in the boreal and Tethys realms (western Europe and northern Africa), and biozonations from these areas are the most accurate of the world. Comparatively, investigations in the Pacific realm are scarce, and, in Argentina, they are limited to contributions based on oil-industry subsurface and outcrop reports for the Los Molles Formation. A focused systematic analysis was not previously addressed in the area. The Neuquén Basin in west–central Argentina offers a unique opportunity to study the Early Jurassic calcareous nannofossil history in the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages from El Matuasto I section (Los Molles Formation) represent one of the earliest records for the Early Jurassic in the Neuquén Basin and one of the few for the eastern Pacific realm. A detailed systematic analysis allowed the recognition of major bioevents and a comparison with worldwide associations and biostratigraphic schemes. A thorough taxonomic discussion of the Early Jurassic nannofossil species of the Neuquén Basin is presented for the first time. Herein, the taxonomic features of coccoliths recorded in the Neuquén Basin are settled. The age of the calcareous nannofossil assemblages recorded in El Matuasto I is early–late Pliensbachian, covering the NJT4a to NJT4c subzones. Similarities between the Neuquén Basin and localities from the proto-Atlantic region suggest an effective connection between the Pacific and Tethyan basins during the Pliensbachian.

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8

Stinco, Luis, and Silvia Barredo. "Geomechanics and electrofacies characterization of the Los Molles Formation (lower to Middle Jurassic), Neuquén Basin." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 110 (October 2021): 103338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103338.

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9

Giacomone, Gabriel, Cornel Olariu, Ron Steel, and Moonsoo Shin. "A coarse‐grained basin floor turbidite system – the Jurassic Los Molles Formation, Neuquen Basin, Argentina." Sedimentology 67, no. 7 (August 13, 2020): 3809–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sed.12771.

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10

Gómez-Pérez, Irene. "An Early Jurassic deep-water stromatolitic bioherm related to possible methane seepage (Los Molles Formation, Neuquén, Argentina)." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 201, no. 1-2 (December 2003): 21–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(03)00508-x.

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11

Kochhann, Karlos Guilherme Diemer, Simone Baecker-Fauth, Ignacio Pujana, Ariane Santos da Silveira, and Gerson Fauth. "Toarcian–Aalenian (Early–Middle Jurassic) radiolarian fauna from the Los Molles Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina: Taxonomy and paleobiogeographic affinities." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 31, no. 2-3 (March 2011): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2011.01.001.

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12

Canale, Nerina, Juan José Ponce, Noelia B. Carmona, Martín N. Parada, and Daniel I. Drittanti. "Sedimentología e icnología de un delta fluvio-dominado, Formación Lajas (Jurásico Medio), cuenca Neuquina, Argentina." Andean Geology 47, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov47n1-3193.

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Sedimentologic and ichnologic analysis of the Middle Jurassic Lajas Formation in Bajada de Los Molles area allow recognizing upper offshore-lower shoreface deposits in transition to prodelta, delta front and interdistributary bay succesions. This system is classified as a river-dominated delta due to the presence of distributary channel deposits with huge amounts of particulate organic matter and low diversity and abundance of trace fossils. Hyperpycnites are common in the basal and upper part of the studied section, and form channel-levee and distributary-channel systems, integrated by massive sandstones and load deformation structures, or transitional and recurrent passages of tractive sedimentary structures with abundant particulate organic matter on the foresets. The greatest diversity and abundance of trace fossils are recognized in the upper offshore-lower shoreface deposits where Skolithos and Cruziana ichnofacies occur. Deltaic deposits show trace fossil associations with lower diversity and abundance than the fully marine ones, whereas the hyperpycnite deposits are either unbioturbated or show the lowest diversity and abundance of trace fossils, reflecting the most stressed conditions within the system.

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13

Gómez-Pérez, Irene. "Corrigendum to “An Early Jurassic deep-water stromatolitic bioherm related to possible methane seepage (Los Molles Formation, Neuquén, Argentina)” [Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. XX (2003)]." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 202, no. 1-2 (December 2003): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(03)00616-3.

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14

Laycock, Dallin P., Rick D. Schroeder, and Reza Safari. "Breaking boulders: experimental examination of hydraulic fracturing in the Montney Formation." Bulletin of Canadian Energy Geoscience 71, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35767/gscpgbull.71.1.41.

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Abstract The low permeabilities of unconventional reservoirs such as the Montney Formation require hydraulic fracturing to enhance fluid flow and achieve economic production of hydrocarbons. Efficient hydraulic fracturing operations rely on properly characterizing the controlling factors responsible for fracture complexity, fracture conductivity, and fracture dimensions. Since direct observation of fractures in the subsurface are very challenging, technologies have been developed to help characterize fractures in laboratories. However, the scale of these tools is insufficient to capture the fine detail needed to observe how these hydraulic fractures are interacting with the rock fabric, stress state, or fluid viscosity. Presented here is a laboratory experiment designed to evaluate the effects of rock fabric, stress anisotropies, and fluid viscosities using large boulders of Sulfur Mountain Formation (Montney Formation equivalent). These experiments were designed to simulate subsurface conditions and provide an opportunity to directly examine a scaled fracture face. Four large boulders were collected from outcrop and trimmed to fit inside a large stress frame. A borehole was drilled to facilitate the injection of fluids and generate scaled hydraulic fractures. Experiments tested the effects of different stress states, fluid viscosities, and rock fabric on the growth and geometry of hydraulic fractures. Of these factors, the fabric of the rock was the dominant factor controlling hydraulic fracture growth. In all stress regimes, hydraulic fractures were arrested, deflected, or bridged by pre-existing cemented and open natural fractures. Fluid viscosity had a minor effect on fracture complexity, but no discernable difference could be observed between any of the tested stress regimes. Subsurface core data provided additional data to support the laboratory experiments. Hardness measurements showed that finely laminated facies have variable hardness at the lamination scale. Darker laminations with more clay are softer than the more silt-rich light-coloured laminations. The result of this can be observed in both core and outcrop as natural fractures in these facies often display highly irregular geometries. In addition, fracture filling cement was significantly softer than the surrounding rock. The collective result of both core and laboratory data provides valuable insight into the role of rock fabric in the development of hydraulic fractures in the Montney Formation and that is not obtainable from traditional data collection methods. Résumé La faible perméabilité des réservoirs non conventionnels, tels que la Formation de Montney, nécessite la fracturation hydraulique pour améliorer l’écoulement des fluides et réaliser une production d’hydrocarbures rentables. Pour réaliser des opérations de fracturation efficientes, on doit caractériser proprement les facteurs qui régissent la complexité, la conductivité et la dimension des fractures. Puisque l’observation directe des fractures dans la subsurface reste un défi, des technologies ont été mises au point pour mieux caractériser les fractures en laboratoire. Toutefois, l’étendue de ces outils se révèle insuffisante pour saisir les fins détails nécessaires à l’observation de ces fractures hydrauliques qui interagissent avec la fabrique des roches, l’état de contrainte ou la viscosité des fluides. Le présent document expose une expérience en laboratoire conçue pour évaluer les effets de la fabrique des roches, des anisotropies de contrainte et des viscosités de fluides au moyen de gros blocs rocheux extraits de la Formation de mont Sulphur (équivalente à la Formation de Montney). Ces expériences permettent de simuler les conditions en subsurface et d’examiner directement un plan à l’échelle des fractures. Quatre gros blocs rocheux ont été extraits d’un affleurement puis taillés afin de les disposer dans un grand cadre de contrainte. Puis, un trou de sondage a été foré pour faciliter l’injection de fluides et générer des fractures hydrauliques à l’échelle. L’expérience visait à constater les effets de différents états de contrainte, de différentes viscosités des fluides et fabrique des roches sur la croissance et la géométrie des fractures hydrauliques. Entre tous ces facteurs, la fabrique de la roche était le facteur prédominant régissant la croissance des fractures hydrauliques. Dans tous les régimes de contrainte, les fractures hydrauliques ont été arrêtées, déviées ou pontées par des fractures cimentées préexistantes naturelles et ouvertes. La viscosité des fluides avaient eu un effet mineur sur la complexité des fractures, mais aucune différence discernable n’a pu être observée entre tous les régimes de contrainte testés. Les carottes de sondage de la subsurface ont apporté des données additionnelles pour appuyer les expériences en laboratoire. Le duromètre montrait que les faciès finement laminés présentaient une dureté variable à l’échelle de lamination. Les laminations plus foncées avec plus d’argile se révélaient plus molles que celles plus claires, riches en silt. Nous pouvons observer les résultats de ce qui précède dans les carottes de sondage et les affleurements puisque les fractures naturelles de ces faciès affichent souvent des géométrie fortement irrégulières. De plus, le ciment de remplissage des fractures était notablement plus mou que la roche adjacente. Les résultats collectifs des carottes de sondage et du laboratoire nous fournissent un aperçu précieux dans le rôle de la fabrique des roches dans l’évolution des fractures hydrauliques de la Formation de Montney, que l’on ne pourrait obtenir autrement par des méthodes de collecte de données traditionnelles. Michel Ory

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15

Lin, Wen-Hao, Shiuh-Ke Jang Jean, and Chii-Shyang Hwang. "Phase formation and composition of Mn–Zn ferrite powders prepared by hydrothermal method." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 1 (January 1999): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0030.

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Mn–Zn ferrite powders were prepared by hydrothermally aging the coprecipitates of compositional metal ions using ammonium hydroxide as a precipitant. R value (alkalinity) = (moles of added OH−)/[(moles of added Zn2+) × 2 + (moles of added Mn2+) × 2 + (moles of added Fe3+) × 3] was introduced to adjust the amount of added ammonia. The results show that the R value of starting suspension and hydrothermal time have similar and dominant effects on the composition, spinel ratio, and crystallite size of synthesized powders. From the analyses of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively-coupled plasma (ICP), it notes that no α–Fe2O3 peak in the XRD patterns of powders synthesized at R = 2–3, 150 °C × 2 h, may be due to lower degree of crystallinity and less amount of α–Fe2O3 existing in these powders. Both the increase of hydrothermal time and of R value can promote the crystallinity of powders and also cause a significant loss of zinc, hinting that in the hydrothermal process, the loss of zinc may play a crucial role in the crystallinity of hydrothermally synthesized powders.

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16

Johanson, Zerina. "New marsupial from the Fort Union Formation, Swain Quarry, Wyoming." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 6 (November 1996): 1023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000038725.

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Previously described upper and lower molars from the Fort Union Formation (Swain Quarry, Wyoming) are referred to Swaindelphys cifellii new genus and species. This taxon is assigned to the subfamily Herpetotheriinae, family Didelphidae. These molars were originally referred to a new, unnamed species of Peradectes (subfamily Peradectinae), with similarities to P. pusillus (now Thylacodon pusillus) and P. elegans. However, upper molars differ from these taxa in being dilambdodont, in possessing more strongly developed stylar cusps, especially on M2 and M3, and in having a protocone that is shifted anteriorly. These characters suggest similarity to taxa such as Peratherium (subfamily Herpetotheriinae, family Didelphidae), rather than Peradectes. The assignment of the lower molars from Swain Quarry is more problematic: these molars are similar to the holotype Thylacodon pusillus in that the entoconid and hypoconulid separated by a strong notch; however, the Swain Quarry lower molars differ in being smaller overall and possessing an anteroposteriorly shorter talonid. These lower molars are similar to didelphid lower molars in having a hypoconulid that is lower than the entoconid (these are subequal in height on lower molars of Peradectes), but differ from didelphid lower molars in that the hypoconulid does not form a low, posteriorly projecting shelf. Nevertheless, the upper and lower molars from Swain Quarry are considered to belong to a single taxon, and with the assignment of the Swain Quarry materials to the subfamily Herpetotheriinae, the geological range of this subfamily is extended from the early Eocene back into the middle Paleocene (Torrejonian, or To3).

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17

Teerapakpinyo, Chinachote, Wilasinee Areeruk, Patou Tantbirojn, Vorapong Phupong, Shanop Shuangshoti, and Ruangsak Lertkhachonsuk. "MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Hydatidiform Mole for the Prediction of Postmolar GTN." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 21 (January 2022): 153303382110673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338211067309.

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Objectives: The primary aim of the study was to identify miRNAs that were differentially expressed between complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) that turned out to be gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) [GTN moles] and CHMs that regressed spontaneously after evacuation [remission moles]. The secondary aim was to study the profiles of miRNA expressions in CHMs. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on GTN moles and remission moles. We quantitatively assessed the expression of 800 human miRNAs from molar tissues using Nanostring nCounter. Results: From a pilot study, 21 miRNAs were significantly downregulated in GTN moles compared to the remission moles. Five of them (miR-566, miR-608, miR-1226-3p, miR-548ar-3p and miR-514a-3p) were downregulated for >4 folds. MiR-608 was selected as a candidate for further analysis on 18 CHMs (9 remission moles and 9 GTN moles) due to its striking association with malignant formation. MiR-608 expression was slightly lower in GTN moles compared to the remission moles, that is, 2.22 folds change [p = 0.063]. Conclusion: We identified 21 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between GTN moles and remission moles suggesting that miRNA profiles can distinguish between the two groups. Although not reaching statistically significant, miR-608 expression was slightly lower in GTN moles compared to remission moles.

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18

Holzheid, Astrid. "Sulphide melt distribution in partially molten silicate aggregates: implications to core formation scenarios in terrestrial planets." European Journal of Mineralogy 25, no. 3 (September 13, 2013): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2264.

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Kieke, Dagmar, Monika Rhein, Lothar Stramma, William M. Smethie, Deborah A. LeBel, and Walter Zenk. "Changes in the CFC Inventories and Formation Rates of Upper Labrador Sea Water, 1997–2001." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2814.1.

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Abstract Chlorofluorocarbon (component CFC-11) and hydrographic data from 1997, 1999, and 2001 are presented to track the large-scale spreading of the Upper Labrador Sea Water (ULSW) in the subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean. ULSW is CFC rich and comparatively low in salinity. It is located on top of the denser “classical” Labrador Sea Water (LSW), defined in the density range σΘ = 27.68–27.74 kg m−3. It follows spreading pathways similar to LSW and has entered the eastern North Atlantic. Despite data gaps, the CFC-11 inventories of ULSW in the subpolar North Atlantic (40°–65°N) could be estimated within 11%. The inventory increased from 6.0 ± 0.6 million moles in 1997 to 8.1 ± 0.6 million moles in 1999 and to 9.5 ± 0.6 million moles in 2001. CFC-11 inventory estimates were used to determine ULSW formation rates for different periods. For 1970–97, the mean formation rate resulted in 3.2–3.3 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). To obtain this estimate, 5.0 million moles of CFC-11 located in 1997 in the ULSW in the subtropical/tropical Atlantic were added to the inventory of the subpolar North Atlantic. An estimate of the mean combined ULSW/LSW formation rate for the same period gave 7.6–8.9 Sv. For the years 1998–99, the ULSW formation rate solely based on the subpolar North Atlantic CFC-11 inventories yielded 6.9–9.2 Sv. At this time, the lack of classical LSW formation was almost compensated for by the strongly pronounced ULSW formation. Indications are presented that the convection area needed in 1998–99 to form this amount of ULSW exceeded the available area in the Labrador Sea. The Irminger Sea might be considered as an additional region favoring ULSW formation. In 2000–01, ULSW formation weakened to 3.3–4.7 Sv. Time series of layer thickness based on historical data indicate that there exists considerable variability of ULSW and classical LSW formation on decadal scales.

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20

Ohel, Milla Y. "More on the Effects of Burrowing Animals on Archaeological Site Formation." American Antiquity 52, no. 4 (October 1987): 856–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281396.

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21

Salas, C., P. Marina, A. G. Checa, and J. L. Rueda. "The periostracum of Digitaria digitaria (Bivalvia: Astartidae): formation and structure." Journal of Molluscan Studies 78, no. 1 (October 18, 2011): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyr040.

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22

Yang Hui, 杨晖, 李芳 Li Fang, 华学明 Hua Xueming, and 陈科 Chen Ke. "304L不锈钢扫描激光搭接焊熔池流动与焊缝成形研究." Chinese Journal of Lasers 49, no. 22 (2022): 2202004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202249.2202004.

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23

Пилипко, Е. Н., Н. Н. Харченко, and В. С. Вернодубенко. "ПОЧВООБРАЗУЮЩЕЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ВЫНОСЯЩЕЙ (ПЕРЕОТЛОЖНОЙ) ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КРОТА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО (TALPA EUROPAEA, L) В ТАЕЖНОМ БИОГЕОЦЕНОЗЕ." Biosfera 12, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v12i4.564.

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The soil discharges made by moles (molehills) consist of mixed superficial soil layers where the main physicochemical parameters of soil show beneficial changes, including reduced density, moisture and acidity and increased humus content, especially during the first three months after molehill formation. In the present study, the biocenoses most preferred by the European mole (Talpa europaea, L) in Vologda Region have been determined. Most avidly inhabited by moles were moistened areas at forest edges and mixed young growths on glades. A limiting factor of the excavating activity of moles is soil grain-size composition. Moles prefer light and middle- density loams where its activity is high than in areas with light sandy loams and heavy loams. Data on the areas modified by moles in different sylvan biocenoses have been obtained. A positive effect of mole activities is facilitating the beneficial conditions for the restoration of plant communities destroyed by deforestation.

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VINCENT, JULIAN F. V. "CELLULAR AUTOMATA: A MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF COLOUR PATTERNS IN MOLLUSCS." Journal of Molluscan Studies 52, no. 2 (1986): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/52.2.97.

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ANDREWS, ELIZABETH B., and K. H. JENNINGS. "THE ANATOMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL BASIS OF PRIMARY URINE FORMATION IN BIVALVE MOLLUSCS." Journal of Molluscan Studies 59, no. 2 (May 1993): 223–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/59.2.223.

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TAKAICHI, S., V. MIZUHIRA, H. HASEGAWA, T. SUZAKI, M. NOTOYA, S. EJIRI, H. OZAWA, and J. H. VAN WYK. "ULTRASTRUCTURE AND EARLY EMBRYONIC SHELL FORMATION IN THE TERRESTRIAL PULMONATE SNAIL, EUHADRA HICKONIS." Journal of Molluscan Studies 69, no. 3 (August 2003): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/69.3.229.

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Hečko, Dávid, Pavol Mičko, Michal Holubčík, and Andrej Kapjor. "Experimental Simulation of Hydrate Formation Process in a Circulating Device." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091529.

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This paper focuses on the model of gas hydrate formation in an experimental device, which allows the circulation of the resulting mixture (water and gas) and significantly accelerates the process of hydrate formation in the laboratory. A 3D model was developed to better imagine the placement of individual parts of the device. The kinetics of hydrate formation were predicted from equilibrium values of chemical potentials. The aim of solving the equations of state gases in the mathematical model was to optimize the parameters involved in the formation of hydrates. The prediction of the mathematical model was verified by numerical simulation. The mathematical model and numerical simulation predict the chemical reaction evolving over time and determine the amount of crystallized water in the reactor. A remarkable finding is that the deviation of the model and simulation at the initiation the calculation of crystallized water starts at 76% and decreases over time to 2%. Subsequently, the number of moles of bound gas in the hydrate acquires the same percentage deviations. The amount of water supplied to the reactor is expressed by both methods identically with a maximum deviation of 0.10%. The different character is shown by the number of moles of gas remaining in the reactor. At the beginning of the calculation, the deviation of both methods is 0%, but over time the deviation slowly increases, and at the end it expresses the number of moles in the reactor with a deviation of 0.14%. By previous detection, we can confirm that the model successfully determines the amount of methane hydrate formed in the reactor of the experimental equipment. With the attached pictures from the realized experiment, we confirmed that the proposed method of hydrate production is tested and takes minutes. The article calculates the energy efficiency of natural gas hydrate in the proposed experimental device.

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Morozova, Marina, Svetlana Dem'yanenko, Natalia Marchenka, Vyacheslav Kirichenko, Ekaterina Romanova, and Andrey Morozov. "X-RAY ANALYSIS OF THE POSITION OF THE RUDIMENTS OF ABNORMALLY LOCATED LOWER THIRD MOLARS DURING THEIR FORMATION AND GROWTH." Actual problems in dentistry 16, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-1-108-113.

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Subject. The issues of indications, contraindications and the optimal timing for the removal of abnormally located lower third molars remain relevant in dentistry. Numerous evidence has been accumulated of their negative impact on the formation of the dentofacial system, however, X-ray patterns of patients with this pathology in the process of their formation, development and change in the angle of inclination, as well as the growing problems associated with the growth of these teeth in the dentition and bite have not been studied. The goal is to study the dynamics of the position of the rudiments of the abnormally located lower third molars in the process of their formation and growth and their influence on the state of the dentofacial system as a whole. Methodology. The study involved 28 patients with abnormally located impressive lower third molars, which were divided into 3 groups: in the first (8 people), the second molars were at the teething and growth stage, in the second (12 people) the second molar was in the occlusal plane at the stage closed apex, in the third (8 people) there was a multiple abnormal position of the mesially located teeth from the third molar. All measurements were performed using a virtual measuring device in the image mode of slices with Galileos Viewer software. Results. According to our results, a significant scatter was recorded in the timing of the formation of third molars from the period of mineralization of the crown of the teeth (12―15 years) to the end of growth and root formation (18―23 years). After 23 years, the roots of the abnormally located lower third molars in the patients examined by us had radiological signs of the end of formation (closed apex). Conclusion. Impact lower third molars continue their growth and have a negative effect on the condition of the teeth located mesial. This fact does not depend on concomitant orthodontic pathology, nor on the methods of orthodontic treatment (removable or non-removable equipment).

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GURALNICK, ROBERT, and MARTA J. de MAINTENON. "FORMATION AND HOMOLOGY OF RADULAR TEETH; A CASE STUDY USING COLUMBELLID GASTROPODS (NEOGASTROPODA: COLUMBELLIDAE)." Journal of Molluscan Studies 63, no. 1 (1997): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/63.1.65.

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30

HAMMER, ØYVIND. "A THEORY FOR THE FORMATION OF COMMARGINAL RIBS IN MOLLUSC SHELLS BY REGULATIVE OSCILLATION." Journal of Molluscan Studies 66, no. 3 (August 2000): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/66.3.383.

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31

Papish, Ihor, and Roman Hnatiuk. "PHASING FEATURES OF THE SOIL-FORMING PROCESS IN AGROCHERNOZEMS OF WATERSHED PLATEU IN THE CENTRAL PART OF PODILLIA." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS 02, no. 13 (December 30, 2021): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2021.2.3552.

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The development of the paleosoils during the warm stages (thermochrons) of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, being reflected in the structure of soil-loess and red-brown formations of Ukraine, is characterized by a clear regularity. This is manifested in the formation of complex soil layered constructions (pedocomplexes) reflecting the chronological stages of pedogenesis. Agrochernozems of watershed plateu in the central part of Podillia, formed on the loess rocks of the Late Pleistocene age, also show this general regularity of Pliocene-Pleistocene soil formation. Contrasting changes in the physic-geographical conditions of pedolitogenesis in the ancient Holocene (late glacial) and evolutionary trend of soil formation during the following Holocene periods lasting for 10–8 thousand years led to the formation of a two-stage Holocene soil layering on the plakor lands of the region, represented by chernozem-type soils. Morphological signs of staged soil formation are concentrated in one genetic profile, which, along with the sign of anthropization of landscapes and soil formation significantly complicates the detailed identification of soils and their historical and genetic analysis. The early stage of the local soil formation history is recorded in these soils in the form of solid-phase products of soil-forming processes (puppets, soil wormholes, coprolites, moles drains). These relict pedogenic formations are located in the lower part of the soil profile of agrochernozems. In general, in the soil profile of agrochernozems on the watershed plateu in the central part of Podillia the morphologically hidden stages of soil formation are noticeable, which is typical of the first half of the Holocene thermochron. The soil of the initial stage of pedogenesis correlates with the horizon of the mole loess P(h)k and the lower part of the transitional brown-colour horizon Phk or PhI. The humus profile of the plakor agrochernozems has soil characteristics of the early optimal stage, which lasted for 7–8 thousand years from the preboreal to the late subatlantic. There are no pedogenic signs of other stages of development of the pedocomplex. So, modern day soils of this region (agrochernozems) are polygenetic two-stage formations that have not reached the status of full-fledged pedocomplex. Key words: evolution; pedogenesis; agrochernozem; Holocene; stages of soil formation; pedocomplex; Podillіa.

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Tardy, J. "Types of Opisthobranch Veligers: Their Notum Formation and Torsion." Journal of Molluscan Studies 57, Supplement Part 4 (November 1, 1991): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/57.supplement_part_4.103.

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Tomin, Emre A., Matthew E. Cunningham, Anna Vergun-Cuomo, Andrew Weiland, and Joseph M. Lane. "Molded Vascularized Neo-ossicle Formation in Silicone Chambers." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 465 (December 2007): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/blo.0b013e31815a954d.

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34

Yamamoto, Tsuneyuki, and Minoru Wakita. "Bundle formation of principal fibers in rat molars." Journal of Periodontal Research 27, no. 1 (January 1992): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02081.x.

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35

Lee, Yoon Joo, Bo Yeon Kim, Dong-Geun Shin, Soo Ryong Kim, Woo Teck Kwon, and Younghee Kim. "Formation of Asperites on the Plate-like Alumina Particles by Molten-salt Method." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 51, no. 6 (November 30, 2014): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2014.51.6.560.

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36

Vortsepneva, Elena, Alexander Tzetlin, and Yuri Kantor. "First ultrastructural study of the formation of the hypodermic radula teeth of Conus (Neogastropoda: Conidae)." Journal of Molluscan Studies 85, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyz010.

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37

Gambelli, Alberto Maria, Deepak Kumar Sharma, Riccardo Alleori, Marco J. Castaldi, Andrea Nicolini, and Federico Rossi. "A Brief Overview of Lab - Scale Apparatuses Used in the Recent Years for Experimental Investigations on Gas Hydrates." Key Engineering Materials 876 (February 2021): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.876.57.

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Gas hydrates are nonstoichiometric solid crystalline compound, whose formation is function of several parameters, such as pressure, temperature, fluid phase composition, reservoir saturation degree and others. One of the most critical aspects related to the research on this manner stays in differences existing between experimental results reached by using different experimental apparatuses. Moreover, laboratory scale reactors often have very contained dimensions with a consequent increasing influence of the boundary conditions. In the present paper, a brief overview of reactors used worldwide for experimental research on gas hydrates formation, is provided. In particular, the surface/volume ratio was calculated for each different typology of reactor and then associated with the ratio between moles of guest compound entrapped into water cages and moles injected. Even if such ratio does not represent the process efficiency, it is proportional to it. Consequently, that comparison was useful to well define the supporting effect of a greater S/V ratio on the hydrate formation process efficiency.

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Gambelli, Alberto Maria, Xhino Rushani, Daniela Pezzolla, Federico Rossi, and Giovanni Gigliotti. "Production of CO2 Hydrates in Aqueous Mixtures Having (NH4)2SO4 at Different Concentrations; Definition of Consequences on the Process Evolution, Quantification of CO2 Captured and Validation of Hydrates Production as Technique for Ammonium Removal from Waste Water." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 20, 2023): 9841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129841.

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Carbon dioxide hydrates were formed in fresh water and in aqueous mixtures containing ammonium sulfate, at concentrations equal to 1.9, 6.3, and 9.5 wt%. The moles of hydrates formed were compared, to define the inhibiting strength of the electrolyte solution and the dependence of inhibition from concentration. The addition of salt strongly inhibited the process and the number of hydrates produced passed from 0.204–0.256 moles, obtained in fresh water, to 0.108–0.198 moles, obtained at the lowest concentration tested. The further addition of salt still lowered the production of the hydrates; at the highest concentration tested, only 0.092–0.177 moles were obtained. The pressure-temperature evolutions of the hydrates were then discussed and compared with the ideal process and with the experimental results obtained in demineralised water. Finally, further samples of CO2 hydrates, produced in the presence of 9.5 wt% salt in the aqueous phase (corresponding to 1.5 wt% NH4+), were recovered and dissociated in a separated environment. The liquid phase, resulting from their dissociation, was subjected to spectrophotometric analyses. Its NH4+ content was measured and compared with the initial concentration in water. Therefore, it was possible to quantify the capability of the system to remove the (NH4)2SO4 from the water (involved in hydrate formation) and to concentrate it in the remaining liquid phase. Considering the portion of water involved in hydrates formation, the concentration of ammonium passed from 1.5 wt% to 0.38–0.449 wt%.

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Nouroloyouni, Ahmad, Amin Salem Milani, Ata Etminan, Sara Noorolouny, Elham Tavakkol, Hesam Mikaieli Xiavi, and Nazila Ghoreishi Amin. "Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Quality of Endodontic Treatment and Prevalence of Procedural Errors in Mandibular Molars." International Journal of Clinical Practice 2023 (May 19, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3558974.

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Objectives. This study assessed the quality of endodontic treatment and the prevalence of procedural errors in permanent mandibular molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 328 CBCT scans (182 females and 146 males) of endodontically treated mandibular molars retrieved from the archives of two radiology centers in Ardabil city, Iran, in 2019. Mandibular molars were evaluated on sagittal, coronal, and axial sections regarding obturation length, obturation density (voids), missed canals, broken instruments, apical perforation, strip perforation, ledge formation, transportation, root fracture, root resorption, and periapical lesions by a senior dental student under the supervision of an oral and maxillofacial radiologist and an endodontist. Differences between the frequency of procedural errors and tooth type and gender were analyzed by the chi-square test. Results. The frequency of underfilling, missed canals, overfilling, voids, apical perforation, transportation, ledge formation, broken instruments, root fracture, strip perforation, root resorption, and periapical lesions was 34.8%, 17.4%, 16.8%, 14.3%, 7.3%, 6.1%, 4.3%, 3%, 1.2%, 0.6%, 5.5%, and 46%, respectively. The frequency of root fracture was significantly higher in females than in males P < 0.05 . The prevalence of underfilling was the highest in right second molars (47.2%), followed by right first molars, left second molars, and left first molars P < 0.005 . The frequency of transportation was maximum in right first molars (10%), followed by right second molars, left first molars, and left second molars P < 0.04 . Conclusion. Underfilling, missed canals, and overfilling were the most prevalent procedural errors in mandibular molars in our study population.

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40

Boyarshinov, V. D., and E. V. Zorina. "Development of Quality Control Parameters for Standardization of Herb of the Cultivated Plant <i>Alchemilla mollis</i> (Buser) Rothm." Drug development & registration 11, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-4(1)-85-90.

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Introduction. Alchemilla herb is proposed for introduction into pharmaceutical practice, for obtaining extracts with various pharmacological activity. To expand, resource base of Alchemilla it has been proposed to use a high biomass cultivated plant – Alchemilla mollis (Buuser) Rothm. In terms of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the chemical composition Alchemilla mollis herb is comparable to the samples of raw materials of wild-growing Alchemilla. The presence of chemotaxonomic features necessitates the preparation of regulatory documentation for the introduction of this plant as a source of medicinal raw materials.Aim. Development of a methodology for assessing the main group of biologically active substances and the quantitative determination of flavonoids in Alchemilla mollis herb.Materials and methods. As objects of study, we used Alchemilla mollis herb harvested from plants cultivated in the Perm Krai. The chromatographic parameters of raw material authenticity were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). To develop the parameters for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in Alchemilla mollis herb, a modification of the method proposed for Alchemilla herb was carried out.Results and discussion. During chromatographic study of Alchemilla mollis herb were identified cinaroside, rutin, and quercetin. Cynaroside was referred to the marker substances. Ethyl acetate : acetic acid (85 : 15) was chosen as the optimal chromatographic system. A modification and validation of the method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in Alchemilla herb was carried out. The change of the extractant, particle size, time and frequency of extraction for sample preparation and the optimal use of cynaroside as a standard substance are substantiated. The optimal conditions for the reaction of complex formation with aluminum chloride are established.Conclusion. To determine the authenticity of Alchemilla mollis herb, it was proposed to use the identification of cynaroside by TLC. The modified method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in terms of cynaroside for the Alchemilla mollis herb, reproducible, correct and can be used for standardization. When testing the methodology on samples of raw materials harvested in the Perm region, a range of values for the content of flavonoids was 3.14–4.84 %, with an average level of variability.

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Asadi, Mozaffar, Maryam Mohammadikish, and Khosro Mohammadi. "Metallation of tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base with Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II): synthesis, characterization and formation constants measurement." Open Chemistry 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0147-3.

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AbstractFour Schiff base ligands, salabza-H2 = N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-2-aminobenzylamine, were synthesized by condensation of one mole of 2-aminobenzylamine and two moles of salicylaldehyde and/or two moles of substituted salicylaldehyde (5-OMe, 5-Br, 5-NO2). All the four Schiff bases and their Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes are characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The formation constants and the Gibbs free energies were measured spectrophotometrically for 1:1 complexes in methanol in constant ionic strength (I = 0.1 mol dm−3 NaClO4) and at 25°C. The data refinement was carried out with the SQUAD program. The trend of formation constants of H2L1 with M(II) follows the order: Mn(II) (3.97) Also, the trend of formation constants of ligand toward a given metal (for example Mn) is as follows: H2L1 (p-OMe) (3.97) > H2L2 (p-H) (3.65) > H2L3 (p-Br) (3.37) > H2L4 (p-NO2) (3.04)

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Wrobel, Jagoda K., and Michal Toborek. "Blood-brain Barrier Remodeling during Brain Metastasis Formation." Molecular Medicine 22, no. 1 (January 2016): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2015.00207.

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43

Hamidi, Youssef K., Levent Aktas, and M. Cengiz Altan. "Formation of Microscopic Voids in Resin Transfer Molded Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 126, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1789958.

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Performance of composite materials usually suffers from process-induced defects such as dry spots and microscopic voids. While effects of void content in molded composites have been studied extensively, knowledge of void morphology and spatial distribution of voids in composites manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM) remains limited. In this study, through-the-thickness void distribution for a disk-shaped, E-glass/epoxy composite part manufactured by resin transfer molding is investigated. Microscopic image analysis is conducted through-the-thickness of a radial sample obtained from the molded composite disk. Voids are found to concentrate primarily within or adjacent to the fiber preforms. More than 93% of the voids are observed within the preform or in a so-called transition zone, next to a fibrous region. In addition, void content was found to fluctuate through-the-thickness of the composite. Variation up to 17% of the average void content of 2.15% is observed through-the-thicknesses of the eight layers studied. Microscopic analysis revealed that average size of voids near the mold surfaces is slightly larger than those located at the interior of the composite. In addition, average size of voids that are located within the fiber preform is observed to be smaller than those located in other regions of the composite. Finally, proximity to the surface is found to have no apparent effect on shape of voids within the composite.

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Antia, David Dorab Jamshed. "Remediation of Saline Wastewater Producing a Fuel Gas Containing Alkanes and Hydrogen Using Zero Valent Iron (Fe0)." Water 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121926.

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Zero valent iron (Fe0) water remediation studies, over the last 40 years, have periodically reported the discovery of CnH2n+2 in the product water or product gas, where n = 1 to 20. Various theories have been proposed for the presence of these hydrocarbons. These include: (i) reductive transformation of a more complex organic chemical; (ii) hydrogenation of an organic chemical, as part of a degradation process; (iii) catalytic hydrogenation and polymerisation of carbonic acid; and (iv) redox transformation. This study uses wastewater (pyroligneous acid, (pH = 0.5 to 4.5)) from a carbonization reactor processing municipal waste to define the controls for the formation of CnH2n+2 (where n = 3 to 9), C3H4, and C3H6. A sealed, static diffusion, batch flow reactor, containing zero-valent metals [181 g m-Fe0 + 29 g m-Al0 + 27 g m-Cu0 + 40 g NaCl] L−1, was operated at two temperatures, 273–298 K and 348 K, respectively. The reactions, reactant quotients, and rate constants for the catalytic formation of H2(g), CO2(g), C3H4(g), C3H6(g), C3H8(g), C4H10(g), C5H12(g), C6H14(g,l), and C7H16(g,l), are defined as function of zero valent metal concentration (g L−1), reactor pressure (MPa), and reactor temperature (K). The produced fuel gas (422–1050 kJ mole−1) contained hydrogen + CnHy(gas), where n = 3 to 7. The gas production rate was: [1058 moles CnHy + 132 moles H2] m−3 liquid d−1 (operating pressure = 0.1 MPa; temperature = 348 K). Increasing the operating pressure to 1 MPa increased the fuel gas production rate to [2208 moles CnHy + 1071 moles H2] m−3 liquid d−1. In order to achieve these results, the Fe0, operated as a “Smart Material”, simultaneously multi-tasking to create self-assembly, auto-activated catalysts for hydrogen production, hydrocarbon formation, and organic chemical degradation (degrading carboxylic acids and phenolic species to CO2 and CO).

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Choo, L. M., L. Q. Choo, and K. S. Tan. "The origin and formation of hair on external valve surfaces of the tropical marine mussel Modiolus traillii (Reeve, 1857)." Journal of Molluscan Studies 80, no. 2 (February 17, 2014): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyu002.

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Ko, Daisy (Jihyung), Tess Kelly, Lacey Thompson, Jasmene K. Uppal, Nasim Rostampour, Mark Adam Webb, Ning Zhu, et al. "Timing of Mouse Molar Formation Is Independent of Jaw Length Including Retromolar Space." Journal of Developmental Biology 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb9010008.

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For humans and other mammals to eat effectively, teeth must develop properly inside the jaw. Deciphering craniodental integration is central to explaining the timely formation of permanent molars, including third molars which are often impacted in humans, and to clarifying how teeth and jaws fit, function and evolve together. A factor long-posited to influence molar onset time is the jaw space available for each molar organ to form within. Here, we tested whether each successive molar initiates only after a minimum threshold of space is created via jaw growth. We used synchrotron-based micro-CT scanning to assess developing molars in situ within jaws of C57BL/6J mice aged E10 to P32, encompassing molar onset to emergence. We compared total jaw, retromolar and molar lengths, and molar onset times, between upper and lower jaws. Initiation time and developmental duration were comparable between molar upper and lower counterparts despite shorter, slower-growing retromolar space in the upper jaw, and despite size differences between upper and lower molars. Timing of molar formation appears unmoved by jaw length including space. Conditions within the dental lamina likely influence molar onset much more than surrounding jaw tissues. We theorize that molar initiation is contingent on sufficient surface area for the physical reorganization of dental epithelium and its invagination of underlying mesenchyme.

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Murata, Yasuhiko, and Ryota Kanno. "Effects of Heating and Cooling of Injection Mold Cavity Surface and Melt Flow Control on Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Semi-Aromatic Polyamide Molded Products." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040587.

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Fiber reinforced thermoplastics (FRTP), reinforced with glass or carbon fibers, are used to improve the mechanical strength of injection-molded products. However, FRTP has problems such as the formation of weld lines, the deterioration of appearance due to the exposure of fibers on the molded product surface, and the deterioration of the strength of molded products due to the fiber orientation in the molded products. We have designed and fabricated an injection mold capable of melt flow control and induction heating and cooling. This mold can both heat and cool the injection mold. It can also control the melt flow direction using a movable core pin. In this study, the above-mentioned mold was used for the molding of carbon fiber reinforced semi-aromatic polyamide. As a result, we found that increasing the heating temperature of the mold and increasing melt flow control volume contribute to the prevention of the generation of a weld line and the exposure of fibers on the molded product surface, as well as to the formation of a flat surface and increased bending strength. The relationships of these results with the carbon fiber orientation in the molded products and the crystallization of semi-aromatic polyamide were also examined in this study.

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Montellano-Ballesteros, Marisol, and Richard C. Fox. "A new tribotherian (Mammalia, Boreosphenida) from the late Santonian to early Campanian upper Milk River Formation, Alberta." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 1 (January 2015): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0144.

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A new tribotherian mammal, Tirotherium aptum gen. et sp. nov., is described from the late Santonian to early Campanian upper Milk River Formation of Verdigris Coulee, southern Alberta, Canada. The new mammal is known only from isolated teeth, five upper and three lower molars. The upper molars represent two or possibly three pre-ultimate loci and are marked by reduction and loss of the stylar shelf anteriorly, loss of the stylocone, a paracone that is larger than the metacone, weakly developed conules, a low, small protocone, and specialized postvallum single-rank shear. The lower molars probably represent two pre-ultimate loci and are characterized by an anteriorly positioned paraconid, trenchant paracristid, small, posterolingual metaconid, a distal metacristid, broadly open trigonid angle, and a short, basined talonid in which the hypoconulid is closer to the entoconid than to the hypoconid. The molars of Tirotherium most closely resemble those of Picopsis Fox, 1980, a tribotherian that also occurs in the upper Milk River Formation, but the molars of Tirotherium are significantly larger than those of Picopsis. Nonetheless, Tirotherium aptum is best classified in the Picopsidae, a boreosphenidan family of tiny mammalian faunivores of uncertain relationships to other tribotherians, and displaying a unique mosaic of primitive and derived characters.

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Tropper, Peter, Arno Recheis, and Jürgen Konzett. "Pyrometamorphic formation of phosphorus-rich olivines in partially molten metapelitic gneisses from a prehistoric sacrificial burning site (Otz Valley, Tyrol, Austria)." European Journal of Mineralogy 16, no. 4 (July 15, 2004): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0631.

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50

Khalil, Issam Tanios, and Tony Sarkis. "MM-MTA for Direct Pulp Capping: A Histologic Comparison with ProRoot MTA in Rat Molars." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 6 (2013): 1019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1443.

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ABSTRACT Aim To compare the histomorphological response of rat dental pulps capped with MM-MTA and ProRoot MTA at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Materials and methods Direct pulp capping with MM-MTA and ProRoot MTA, overlaid with light-cured composite resin, was performed on right and left maxillary first molars of 20 Wistar rats. Animals were killed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Biopsy samples were stained and viewed by light microscopy to determine dentin bridge formation. Data were statistically evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Results Absence of dentin bridge formation at 1 week, partial dentin bridge formation at 2 weeks and complete dentin bridge formation at 4 weeks are observed with MM-MTA and ProRoot MTA. The results showed no statistically significant difference between both materials at 4 weeks. Conclusion Both materials produced similar responses in the pulp when used for pulp capping in intact, caries-free molars of rats. How to cite this article Khalil IT, Sarkis T, Naaman A. MM-MTA for Direct Pulp Capping: A Histologic Comparison with ProRoot MTA in Rat Molars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1019- 1023.

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