Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Formation de Faisceau Passive'
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Vandelle, Erika. "Exploration de solutions antennaires et de formation passive de faisceaux pour la récupération et le transfert d’énergie sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT060.
Full textWireless energy harvesting (WEH) of ambient or intentional electromagnetic power sources of frequency ranging from 100 MHz to 10 GHz, has appeared as a promising solution to develop self-powered electronics in the past decades. However, the low power densities available, usually lower than 1 uW.cm-2, result in a limited RF-to-DC conversion efficiency and sensitivity of the energy harvesting system (rectenna) and the ambient signal diversities (unknown and time-varying direction of arrival, polarization) prohibit the use of directive antennas.In this thesis, the power combination techniques of Radio Frequency (RF) or Direct Current (DC) power in multi-antenna WEH systems, together with original structures, are investigated to address those challenges. Besides, a new Figure-of-Merit (harvesting capability) for rectennas operating in ambient scenarios is derived with probabilistic terms representing the frequency, polarization and spatial diversities of ambient signals.The first part of this thesis focuses on the design of efficient antenna and rectenna elements. Eco-responsible and low-cost prototypes are proposed by using a paper substrate along with an original strategy for the reduction of the losses.In the second part of this work, the rectification efficiency of a WEH system is enhanced through the combination of the RF power prior to the rectification process, without reduction of the spatial coverage. For this, a 3D multidirectional structure of scanning antenna arrays using passive beam-forming networks is designed to obtain a multidirectional high gain aggregate pattern. This radar-inspired solution involving Butler matrices results in a highly efficient RF-to-DC power conversion along with an optimal angular coverage, which leads to a harvesting capability higher than the state-of-the-art.The last part of this work addresses the limited sensitivity of the RF combination technique compared to that obtained with the series DC combination technique thanks to a reconfigurable system. To this end, modular rectenna unit cells are designed to form a scalable and adaptative interferometric beam-forming network, which offers the possibility to achieve a highly efficient and sensitive WEH system. This solution is suitable for low-power energy harvesting, autonomous passive tracking or RFID applications
Bouttemy, Muriel. "Etude des mécanismes de formation et de croissance des films passifs formés sur les alliages Fe-Ni et Fe-Cr." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135102.
Full textLes films sont caractérisés (composition élémentaire et chimique, répartition en profondeur, épaisseur) par des techniques électrochimiques (réduction cathodique) et spectroscopiques associées à l'abrasion ionique (AES, XPS). Une approche quantitative développée en AES pour accéder aux modifications de composition et d'épaisseur produites pendant le vieillissement des films jusqu'à l'état (pseudo)-stationnaire a permis de dégager les mécanismes responsables. La croissance des films passifs anodiques se différencie de celle des films d'oxydation sèche par les réactions superficielles lentes de dissolution, de déshydratation et de déshydroxylation (Fe-Ni). On distingue :
(1) Une formation des films rapide par oxydation préférentielle du fer (Fe-Ni) ou du chrome (Fe-Cr) ; (2) Une croissance lente résultant de la compétition entre la mobilité ionique sous champ électrique (Cabrera-Mott) et l'effet barrière crée par les couches oxydées internes enrichies en fer (Fe-Ni) ou en chrome (Fe-Cr) (Macdonald) ; (3) L'efficacité de la couche barrière augmente aux teneurs croissantes en fer dans les alliages Fe-Ni et devient optimum dans les alliages Fe-Cr au-delà de 15 at.% Cr après vieillissement des films qui acquièrent une meilleure résistance à la corrosion.
Hussein, Youssef. "Development of Optimal Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces for Massive MIMO Wireless Communications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG128.
Full textThe rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies has been driven by the increasing demand for higher data rates, better coverage, and more efficient spectrum utilization. As we transition towards the Sixth Generation (6G) of wireless networks, innovative technologies such as Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) and Massive MIMO (mMIMO) are set to play crucial roles in meeting these demands. This thesis explores the integration of RIS with mMIMO systems to enhance wireless communication performance, particularly in Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) scenarios.In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the application of Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing (JSDM) in RIS-aided MU-MIMO systems. By strategically positioning RIS near users with weak direct Base Station (BS) channels, we develop solutions to adapt JSDM user clustering algorithms for RIS configurations. This approach leverages spatial signatures and introduces an additional precoding stage to JSDM mitigating the adverse effects of the RIS-BS channel, significantly improving the sum rate and system coverage. The proposed solutions demonstrate the potential of RIS to enhance coverage by establishing robust links between the BS and users, thereby improving overall network performance.The second part of the thesis addresses the challenge of low-rank BS-RIS channels by proposing a distributed RIS system. By deploying intermediate RISs between the BS and a main RIS, we create an integrated channel with enhanced rank characteristics, suitable for serving multiple users simultaneously. The performance of this paradigm is analyzed under Regularized Zero Forcing (RZF) and JSDM precoding, with RIS phase shifts optimized through a projected gradient ascent algorithm. The results demonstrate substantial performance improvements, even under high double reflection path-loss conditions. This innovative deployment strategy not only increases the spatial multiplexing gain but also reduces the complexity of channel state information (CSI) estimation.In the final part, we introduce a novel cooperative RIS framework that allows RISs to dynamically switch roles between main and intermediate. This dual functionality enables flexible responses to changing environmental conditions and user requirements, optimizing spatial multiplexing gains and overall coverage. We design a focusing codebook for each RIS and develop dynamic scheduling policies based on Lyapunov optimization theory to maintain user data queue stability and optimize long-term user data rates. The cooperative scheduling framework ensures that the spatial multiplexing gain is dynamically shifted from one region to another, providing reliable MU-MIMO performance throughout the cell.Through rigorous analytical and simulation studies, this thesis provides practical insights into the deployment of RIS in future 6G networks, highlighting the potential of RIS technology to significantly enhance wireless communication performance. The findings underscore the transformative impact of RIS on network efficiency, coverage, and user experience, paving the way for the next generation of wireless communication systems
Clemente, Antonio. "Conception d'antennes à réseaux transmetteurs à dépointage et formation de faisceau." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S094.
Full textThis PhD thesis investigates the design and realisation of electronically reconfigurable transmit-array antennas. A transmit-array is composed of one or more focal sources illuminating a first antenna array operating in receive mode and connected, using phase-shift elements, to a second antenna array operating in transmission mode. The incident power received on the first array, as in the case of a lens, is transmitted in the free space and can be focused or collimated by tuning the transmission phase of the unit-cells in order to obtain a specific phase distribution across the array aperture. Beam-steering and beam-forming can be achieved using electronically tunable unit-cells. A theoretical study of transmit-arrays performances has been carried out using an in-house CAD tool based on analytical formulas. The reduction of the focal distance using multiple feeds and the reduction of the spill-over losses using a beam-formed focal source have been investigated as well. A linearly-polarized electronically reconfigurable transmit-array at X-band frequencies has been designed and demonstrated. This prototype is composed of 20×20 unit-cells. 800 PIN diodes have been integrated on the array in order to control the transmission phase of each unit-cell. A maximum broadside gain of 22,7 dBi, a bandwidth of 1,56 GHz (15,6% at 10 GHz), a total efficiency of 52,9% , and a 2D beam-steering capability of ±70% have been measured. Finally, the use of RF-MEMS switches to reduce the unit-cell insertion losses and the transmit-array total power consumption has been investigated
DJABI, BOUDOUKHA HASSINA. "Formation d'alliage de surface fer-chrome, fer-nickel par refusion sous faisceau laser." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13008.
Full textLi, Wei. "Investigation of Pseudo-Passive Layer Formation in CO2 Corrosion." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1307119897.
Full textDiaby, Fatimata. "Réseaux transmetteurs reconfigurables pour le dépointage et la formation de faisceau en bande millimétrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT125/document.
Full textNowadays, transmitarray antennas are of great interest for many civil and military applications in frequency bands between 10 and 110 GHz (5G mobile networks, point-to-point communication systems, radars, etc.).This thesis aims to make major innovations in modeling and design of transmitarray antennas for Ka-band applications (28-40 GHz). It focuses on the development of numerical tools, and the design and demonstration of several prototypes with advanced functionalities, such as passive (broadband or multibeam) and active (at electronic reconfiguration) transmitarrays.The first part of the work consists of a theoretical analysis of the transmitarray antenna. In a first step, the impact of the phase compensation method on the performance of the transmitarray is studied. The phase compensation law of the quasi-spherical wave incident on the array aperture is calculated using two methods called constant phase compensation and true-time delay (TTD) compensation. The numerical results show that TTD compensation allows an increase of the transmitarrays bandwidth and a reduction of the beam squint as compared to constant phase-shift compensation. In a second step, the operating principle of facetted transmitarrays is described in detail. The numerical simulation of a 3-facet transmitarray is validated through 3-D electromagnetic simulations. For a certain facet angle, the bandwidth and the beam scanning capability of the TA are improved at the expense of the gain.The next step of the work concerns the design and prototyping of two passive transmitarray antennas, one with a collimated and a large bandwidth, and the other with four fixed beams. The two transmitarrays are based on a 3-bit unit-cell providing two functions, namely the phase compensation and the polarization conversion from linear to circular. The passive beam-collimated transmitarray exhibits a measured gain of 33.8 dBi (corresponding to an aperture efficiency of 51.2%) and a 3-dB gain-bandwidth larger than 15.9%. The quad-beam transmitarray phase distribution has been optimized by a genetic algorithm code coupled with an analytical tool. The array is designed to radiate four beams at ±25° in the horizontal and vertical planes at the optimization frequency.The last part of the work aims to the design of a 27-31 GHz reconfigurable transmitarray antenna. Initially, an active unit-cell with four phase states (2 bits) in linear polarization was designed and validated experimentally. It consists of six metal layers printed on three substrates. The radiating elements are rectangular patch antennas, each of them including two PIN diodes to control the transmission phase. The operating principle of the unit-cell has been experimentally validated with a minimum insertion loss of 1.6-2.1 dB and a 3-dB transmission bandwidth of 10-12.1% for the four phase states. 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°.Then, this unit-cell was used for the design of a reconfigurable transmitarray antenna comprising 14 × 14 unit cells and 784 PIN diodes. A prototype was realized and characterized, it presents a measured maximum gain of 19.8 dBi, corresponding to an aperture efficiency of 23.5%, and a 3-dB bandwidth of 4.7 GHz (26.2% at 30.9 GHz). Despite some faulty elements, this prototype validates the operating principle and the feasibility of Ka-band transmitarray antennas with a 2-bit phase quantization. It is one of the first demonstration of such an antenna in the current state of the art
Setyo, Darmanto Prihadi. "Contribution théorique et expérimentale à l'étude de la formation du givre autour d'un faisceau tubulaire." Valenciennes, 1990. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b09968ec-e276-479d-826b-3fe8a80c2944.
Full textSmolinski, Laura J. "Influence of Reinforcing Steel Parameters on the Formation of the Passive Layer." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31323.
Full textMaster of Science
Iskandar, Zyad. "Système de formation de faisceau dans la bande 300 GHz en technologie BiCMOS 55nm pour l’imagerie THz." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT072/document.
Full textThe sub-millimeter wave band that covers the frequency range from 300 GHz to 3 THz has an interesting properties such the ability to penetrate materials. For THz imaging, it is possible to detect objects inside packages, clothes... With the evolution of integrated technologies and the increase of the cut-off frequencies of transistors 〖(f〗_t/f_max), many circuits and systems have been fabricated around 300 GHz, especially phased arrays for beamforming applications. These systems generate a signal and steer it electronically in a direction of the space. In this work, a novel architecture of phased array is proposed. It is based on the generation of a signal in the 270-300 GHz band, while controlling its phase by using phase shifters implemented in the LO path in the 45-50 GHz band. Each bloc should be measured in a stand-alone version, in order to get an idea about whole system performances. For this, the transmitter in the 270-300 GHz band has been realized first. It consists of a sub-harmonic injection locked oscillator, a passive mixer and IF amplifiers. Then, a novel architecture of phase shifter was proposed, it is based on slow waves coupled lines. Finally, a frequency multiplier chain was performed to generate the injection signal by using a lower frequency signal (3-5 GHz). The circuits are fabricated in a 55nm BiCMOS technology from STMicroelectronics. Measurements results are in a good agreement with simulations. Once the blocks are validated, sub systems are realized in order to validate one path of the array. The perspectives of this work include the design and realization of the complete phased array with multiple paths/antennas
Lan, Bradley Weichi. "Control of rigid formations for agents with passive nonlinear dynamics." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2106.
Full textGrotzinger, John P. "Evolution of early Proterozoic passive-margin carbonate platform, Rocknest Formation, Wopmay Orogen, N.W.T., Canada." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51941.
Full textPh. D.
Morgan, Susan K. "Petrology of Passive Margin-Epeiric Sea Sediments: the Garden City Formation, North-central Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 1988. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5623.
Full textSivadon, Audrey. "Contributions à l’imagerie passive de la cavitation ultrasonore : formation de voies adaptatives en 3D et extension spatiale de nuages de bulles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYO10172.
Full textPassive imaging relies on beamforming algorithms that require large aperture probes to provide good axial resolutions; however, in 3D passive imaging, the matrix probes currently marketed do not meet this constraint. Moreover, these probes have a large number of elements, which makes their use particularly unwieldy. This thesis work focuses on the study and improvement of passive cavitation imaging by addressing two aspects in particular: (i) the practical and efficient implementation of 3D passive imaging, (ii) the problem of imaging large sources such as cavitation clouds. We have combined the application of sparse methods (to reduce the number of active elements of the probe used) and the transposition from 2D to 3D of adaptive algorithms in the frequency domain. This formalism uses the robust estimation of the inter-spectral density matrix (CSM) and allowed us to implement simply and efficiently different algorithms: Delay-And-Sum (DAS), Robust-Capon-Beamformer and Pisarenko. The efficiency of these algorithms in 3D has been tested in terms of width to half height, contrast and position error, on a point source in simulations and on a point reflector in experiments. Finally, in order to address the reality of cavitation clouds, we have investigated the behavior of these reconstruction methods in the case of extended sources. Our 2D simulations show the evolution of the reconstructed images as a function of the cavitation cloud characteristics. This work provides a concrete solution for a simple implementation of 3D passive imaging as well as answers to the expectations on the localization and characterization of a cavitation cloud
LeGrand, Peggy S. "Electrochemical studies of passive film formation and corrosion of friction stir processed nickel aluminum bronze." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5716.
Full textThe Navy currently uses Nickel-Aluminum Bronze (NAB) for its propellers. Friction stir processing (FSP) is a proposed method of improving the mechanical properties of NAB, and it is believed to improve the corrosion-resistive properties of NAB. This thesis used multiple techniques to compare the corrosion resistance of as-cast NAB with FSP NAB. Passive films were grown on the as-cast (AC) and FSP samples and modeled in order to relate the impedance data to changes in phase and microstructure resulting from FSP of NAB. Impedance modeling provides a way of measuring the passive film that forms on a metal and protects it from corrosion. In addition, cyclic polarization data was taken in order to study the stability of the films over a range of potentials. This data was then compared with SEM images to link the changes in the passive films with the changes in microstructure that occurred due to FSP.
Oukaci, Abdelkader. "Beamforming et détection pour signaux non circulaires et/ou non gaussiens (algorithmes et performance)." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612333.
Full textLee-Brown, Donald B., Gregory H. Rudnick, Ivelina G. Momcheva, Casey Papovich, Jennifer M. Lotz, Kim-Vy H. Tran, Brittany Henke, et al. "The Ages of Passive Galaxies in a z = 1.62 Protocluster." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625163.
Full textLekouch, Imad. "Production d’eau potable par condensation passive de l’humidité atmosphérique (rosée)." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066638.
Full textDas, Shibananda [Verfasser], Gerhard [Gutachter] Gompper, and Andreas [Gutachter] Schadschneider. "Dynamical structure formation in passive and active colloidal systems / Shibananda Das ; Gutachter: Gerhard Gompper, Andreas Schadschneider." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160379327/34.
Full textMello, Rafael Gonçalves Licursi de. "Active and passive metasurfaces : methodology for the design of a low profile, beam-steerable, multiband, and wideband antenna." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT025.
Full textMetasurfaces are artificial engineered materials that can be combined with traditional microwave components in ground-breaking solutions. The research on the use of metasurfaces in the roles of antenna reflector and/or superstrate considerably increased mainly from the beginning of the 2020s, because of their innovative functionalities in line with the ultimate Telecommunication trends. In this thesis, methodologies for the use of passive and active metasurfaces in the design of antennas are presented. A first methodology which exploits both the near-perfect electric conductor (PEC) and near-perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) behaviors of a dual-band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is used to design a low-profile, multiband, directive antenna. This methodology is validated with a prototype suitable for the European standards of 4G/5G and Wi-Fi 2.4/5/6E, operating within the following bands: 2.40–2.70 GHz, 3.40–3.80 GHz, 5.17–5.83 GHz, and 5.93–6.45 GHz. Additionally, a methodology to handle the Fabry-Pérot mechanism in an antenna composed of a grooved rounded-edge bow-tie, a passive dual-band AMC, and an active multiband Huygens metasurface is presented. This methodology is validated with the design of a multiband, directive, low-profile, antenna that performs an independent beam-steering in only one of the operating frequency bands. Through the controlling of the bias voltages over four columns of varactors in the reconfigurable, multiband Huygens metasurface, the beam may be dynamically steered in ±51°, in a continuous manner, in a frequency range lying inside the European 5G frequency range (from 3.50 to 3.65 GHz. All at once, the radiation patterns concerning the 4G and Wi-Fi 2.4/5/6E keep practically unaffected
Le, Pévédic Séverine. "Etude de la formation et de l'oxydation de couches minces d'alliages Al-Ni après dépôt d'Al sur un monocristal de Ni(111)." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165301.
Full textLekouch, Imad. "Production d'eau potable par condensation passive de l'humidité atmosphérique (rosée)." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00547593.
Full textGUIOT, ERIC. "Quelques aspects de la formation de films minces de nitrure de bore cubique obtenus par depot physique en phase vapeur assiste par faisceau d'ions." Paris, ENSAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENAM0001.
Full textEdwards, Thomas M. (Thomas Mark) 1974. "Nitric oxide-activated mechanisms underlying memory formation using a passive avoidance task for the day-old chick. Volume 1." Monash University, Dept. of Psychology, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8115.
Full textTouhami, Abdellah. "Optimisation multi-objectif d'antennes superdirectives compactes à balayage de faisceau pour des passerelles domestiques 5G sans fil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS002.
Full textThe evolution of wireless communication impose the need for more sophisticated antenna architectures, combined with antenna diversity and beamforming techniques. This type of antenna offers new possibilities for wireless applications in terms of spectral efficiency, radio link reliability, reduced environmental impact and increased communications system capacity. However, conventional beamforming techniques often lead to a significant increase in antenna size. As a result, the integration of such systems into small wireless devices is relatively limited. Compact, superdirective antenna arrays offer an innovative and attractive solution for both beamforming needs and integration in small volumes. However, they exhibits multiple drawbacks, including low radiation efficiency, low gain and narrow bandwidth. These drawbacks limit the usefulness of superdirective arrays to meet the needs of new-generation wireless technologies. In this thesis, we propose new multi-objectives optimization methods, based on network characteristic mode theory (NCM), array factor theory as well as artificial neural networks (ANN), for the design and the development of new compact, superdirective, efficient and wideband antenna architectures for 5G applications
Steele, Robert James. "The role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in memory formation after a passive avoidance task in the domestic chick (Gallus domesticus)." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261219.
Full textSalazar-Mora, Claudio Alejandro. "From orogen to rifted passive margin formation in Brazil: Geodynamic numerical modeling considering the effects of structural inheritance and rheology." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44143/tde-10072018-153657/.
Full textThe parallelism between older collisional belts and younger rift systems is widely known and particularly portrayed along the Atlantic Ocean. In what follows, the relationship between lithospheric inherited structures and nucleation of rift systems has been focus of many studies. Nevertheless, it is still poorly understood how inherited tectonic and new-formed structures (i.e. during extension) affect the final architecture of rifted conjugate passive margins. In this thesis we use a modified highly efficient version of the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite- element code FANTOM to model thermal-mechanical coupled, plane-strain, viscous-plastic creeping flows to understand the geodynamics of the rifting process considering the effects of tectonic structural inheritance and rheology on the final architecture of rifted conjugate margins. The models consider different amounts of previous extension and contraction to produce the structural inheritance that is reactivated or not during rifting. Our results show that: 1) first reactivations occur along the lithospheric former suture zone; 2) upper crustal thick skinned basement thrusts are partially or fully reactivated depending on the amount of prior contraction and size of the orogen; 3) with a small amount of contraction, thick skinned thrusts are efficiently reactivated in extension and provide the template for rifted margin formation; 4) with larger amounts of precursor contraction, thick skinned thrusts distal to the lithospheric suture zone do not reactivate in extension; 5) reactivation of prior contractional shears dominates during the early stages of rifting, whereas during the final stage of rifted passive margin formation new-formed extensional shears dominate. Models with less precursor extension and more contraction resulted in a rifted conjugate passive margin similar to the Espírito Santo-Kwanza conjugate in the Central South Atlantic, whereas more precursor extension and less contraction, develops into margin showing similar behavior of fault reactivations in the Norwegian margin, North Atlantic. Our models also show that rheological differences between upper and lower continental crusts cause them to decouple both during subduction and subsequent eduction. The latter process, associated to thermal necking of the upwelling asthenosphere, is responsible to leave slivers of previously subducted lower continental crust within the eduction channel in the mantle lithosphere, as it is seismically evidenced under the Newfoundland-Iberia rifted conjugate margins. In what follows, lower continental crust of the former subducting plate can be removed long before depth-dependent extension during magma-poor rifted margin development.
Le, Pévédic Séverine. "Etude de la formation et de l'oxydation de couchesminces d'alliages Al-Ni après dépôt d'Al sur unmonocristal de Ni(111)." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165301.
Full textElsayed, Ahmad Ahmad. "Conception d’antennes réseaux aux performances optimisées par la prise en compte des couplages inter-éléments : application à la formation de faisceau et à la polarisation circulaire." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1ebc00a8-7170-4a99-92ab-663a59293abe/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4053.pdf.
Full textThe works in this manuscript are dedicated to the synthesis of radiation functions by associating several radiating elements. The synthesis considers the coupling between elements and their elementary radiation patterns, in order to get a joint design of antennas and their feeding network. The aim is to simultaneously maintain an optimal gain, polarization objectives but also to satisfy the template of desired radiation pattern. Antennas for two applications are developed. The first one, intended to be embedded on the top of train, is constrained by its integration. The second one which aims to establish a satellite link must provide a circularly polarized pattern
Ali, Mohamed Ali Ahmed. "Développement de nouveaux composants passifs multicouches et l'implémentation d'une matrice de Butler large bande et compacte en tecgnologies GIS." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542002.
Full textBillington, Tyler. "Sedimentologic and Petrographic Evidence of Flow Confinement In a Passive Continental Margin Slope Channel Complex, Isaac Formation, Windermere Supergroup, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39727.
Full textFezai, Faycel. "Synthèse d’architectures d’antennes à éléments parasites pour la formation de faisceaux : Application au projet Remote Wake Up (RWU)." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b3ec72a4-c702-4c10-b6a5-3e0e05e8d54d/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4044.pdf.
Full textThis thesis revisits parasitic elements antennas and offers innovative and effective synthesis design strategies. The main objective of this work is to reveal the full potential of these antennas in order to promote their dissemination. Parasitic elements antennas are presented as cost-effective solutions to achieve beamforming. A dedicated synthesis technique has been developed to obtain performances close to those of antenna arrays, without the disadvantages of a feed distribution network. The latter is complex, expensive and sensitive to manufacturing dispersions, making arrays difficult to design as cost-effective antennas. In this manuscript, generic architectures of parasitic elements antennas are developed. Particular points of versatility, reliability and ease of manufacture have been addressed in order to comply with the requirements of industrial processes. A demonstrator of a reconfigurable parasitic elements antenna has been designed, fabricated and characterized. The successful demonstration allows considering reconfigurable low cost antennas. The skills developed in this thesis have been applied in the context of energy saving in the framework of the Remote Wake Up project (RWU), dedicated to the minimization of standby mode electrical consumption. High efficiency integrated antennas were developed for wireless energy transfer
Betrancourt, Christopher. "Experimental study of soot formation in laminar premixed flames of fuels of interest for automobile and aeronautics : a focus on the soot nucleation process." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10203/document.
Full textEmission of soot formed from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels and biomass is a serious concern due to soot’s harmful impact on human health, environment and its radiative forcing on climate. Gaining fundamental understanding of soot formation, particularly the nucleation step leading to the formation of the nascent soot particles, is critical to develop reliable predictive soot models and to help the design of more efficient and cleaner combustion devices. This work demonstrates that nascent soot particles in the size range of 2-4 nm are able to emit a black body radiation by combined Laser Induced Incandescence (LII), scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and helium-ion microscopy (HIM). These nascent soot particles are investigated in nucleation premixed flames in which soot particles are essentially formed by nucleation, without growth by soot surface processes and in standard sooting premixed flames in which growth processes occur. This work provides an extensive database for improvement of kinetics modelling of sooting flames with a focus on the soot nucleation in flames. Two kinds of fuels have been selected: n-butane and mixture of n-butane and n-propylbenzene. For each fuels two flames have been studied: a nucleation and a standard sooting flames. The database consist of species profiles obtained by online gas chromatography, temperature profiles measured by Laser induced fluorescence thermometry, soot volume fraction profiles obtained by LII calibrated by cavity ring-down extinction and particles size distributions obtained in n-butane flames by SMPS and HIM. From this database effect of equivalence ratio and fuel composition is analyzed
Ali, Mohamed Ali Sayed Ahmed Ahmed. "Développement de nouveaux composants passifs multicouches et l'implémentation d'une matrice de Butler large-bande et compacte en technologie GIS." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0027/document.
Full textMultibeam antennas have become a key element in nowadays wireless communication systems where increased channel capacity, improved transmission quality with minimum interference and multipath phenomena are severe design constraints. These antennas are classified in two main categories namely adaptive smart antennas and switched-beam antennas. Switched-beam antennas consist of an elementary antenna array connected to a Multiple Beam Forming Network (M-BFN). Among the different M-BFNs, the Butler matrix has received particular attention as it is theoretically lossless and employs the minimum number of components to generate a given set of orthogonal beams (provided that the number of beams is a power of 2). However, the Butler matrix has a main design problem which is the presence of path crossings that has been previously addressed in different research works. Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) features interesting characteristics for the design of microwave and millimetre-wave integrated circuits. SIW based components combine the advantages of the rectangular waveguide, such as the high Q factor (low insertion loss) and high power capability while being compatible with low-cost PCB and LTCC technologies. Owing to its attractive features, the use of SIW technology appears as a good candidate for the implementation of BFNs. The resulting structure is therefore suitable for both waveguide-like and planar structures. In this thesis, different novel passive components (couplers and phase shifters) have been developed exploring the multi-layer SIW technology towards the implementation of a two-layer compact 4×4 Butler matrix offering wideband performances for both transmission magnitudes and phases with good isolation and input reflection characteristics. Different techniques for the implementation of wideband fixed phase shifters in SIW technology are presented. First, a novel waveguide-based CRLH structure is proposed. The structure is based on a single-layer waveguide with shunt inductive windows (irises) and series transverse capacitive slots, suitable for SIW implementations for compact phase shifters. The structure suffers relatively large insertion loss which remains however within the typical range of non-lumped elements based CRLH implementations. Second, the well-known equal length, unequal width SIW phase shifters is discussed. These phase shifters are very adapted for SIW implementations as they fully exploit the flexibility of the SIW technology in different path shapes while offering wideband phase characteristics. To satisfy good return loss characteristics with this type of phase shifters, the length has to be compromised with respect to the progressive width variations associated with the required phase shift values. A twolayer, wideband low-loss SIW transition is then proposed. The transition is analyzed using its equivalent circuit model bringing a deeper understanding of its transmission characteristics for both amplitude and phase providing therefore the basic guidelines for electromagnetic optimization. Based on its equivalent circuit model, the transition can be optimized within the well equal-length SIW phase shifters in order to compensate its additional phase shift within the frequency band of interest. This twolayer wideband phase shifter scheme has been adopted in the final developed matrix architecture.This transition is then exploited to develop a three-layer, multiply-folded waveguide structure as a good candidate for compensated-length, variable width, low-loss, compact wideband phase shifters in SIW technology. Novel two-layer SIW couplers are also addressed. For BFNs applications, an original structure for a two-layer 90° broadband coupler is developed. The proposed coupler consists of two parallel waveguides coupled together by means of two parallel inclined-offset resonant slots in their common broad wall. A complete parametric study of the coupler is carried out including the effect of the slot length, inclination angle and offset on both the coupling level and the transmission phase. The first advantage of the proposed coupler is providing a wide coupling dynamic range by varying the slot parameters allowing the design of wideband SIW Butler matrix in two-layer topology. In addition, previously published SIW couplers suffer from direct correlation between the transmission phase and the coupling level, while the coupler, hereby proposed, allows controlling the transmission phase without significantly affecting the coupling level, making it a good candidate for BFNs employing different couplers, such as, the Nolen matrix. A novel dual-band hybrid ring coupler is also developed in multi-layer Ridged SIW (RSIW) technology. This coupler has been jointly developed with Tarek Djerafi in a collaboration scenario with Prof. Ke Wu from the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal. The coupler has an original structure based on two concentric rings in RSIW topology with the outer ring periodically loaded with radial, stub-loaded transverse slots. A design procedure is presented based on the Transverse Resonance Method (TRM) of the ridged waveguide together with the simple design rules of the hybrid ring coupler. A C/K dual band coupler with bandwidths of 8.5% and 14.6% centered at 7.2 GHz and 20.5 GHz, respectively, is presented. The coupler provides independent dual band operation with low-dispersive wideband operation. Finally, for the Butler matrix design, the two-layer SIW implementation is explored through a two-fold enhancement approach for both the matrix electrical and physical characteristics. On the one hand, the two-layer topology allows an inherent solution for the crossing problem allowing therefore more flexibility for phase compensation over a wide frequency band. This is achieved by proper geometrical optimization of the surface on each layer and exploiting the SIW technology in the realization of variable width waveguides sections with the corresponding SIW bends. On the other hand, the two-layer SIW technology is exploited for an optimized space saving design by implementing common SIW lateral walls for the matrix adjacent components seeking maximum size reduction. The two corresponding 4×4 Butler matrix prototypes are optimized, fabricated and measured. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. Isolation characteristics better than -15 dB with input reflection levels lower than -12 dB are experimentally validated over 24% frequency bandwidth centered at 12.5 GHz. Measured transmission magnitudes and phases exhibit good dispersive characteristics of 1dB, around an average value of -6.8 dB, and 10° with respect to the theoretical phase values, respectively, over the entire frequency band
Moriot, Jérémy. "Détection vibro-acoustique passive d’une réaction sodium-eau par formation de voies dans un générateur de vapeur d’un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides refroidi au sodium." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0151/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with a new method to detect a sodium-water reaction in a steam generator of a fast sodium-cooled nuclear reactor. More precisely, the objective is to detect a micro-leak of water (flow < 1 g/s) in less than 10 seconds by measuring the external shell vibrations of the component. The strong background noise in operation makes impossible the use of a detection system based on a threshold overrun. A beamforming method applied to vibrations measured by a linear array of accelerometers is developed in this thesis to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and to detect and locate the leak in the steam generator. A numerical study is first realized. Two models are developed in order to simulate the signals measured by the accelerometers of the array. The performances of the beamforming are then studied in function of several parameters, such as the source location and frequency, the damping factor, the background noise considered. The first model consists in an infinite plate in contact with a heavy fluid, excited by an acoustic monopole located in this fluid. Analyzing the transverse displacements in the wavenumber domain is useful to establish a criterion to sample correctly the vibration field of the plate. A second model, more representative of the system is also proposed. In this model, an elastic infinite cylindrical shell, filled with a heavy fluid is considered. The finite dimensions in the radial and circumferential directions lead to a modal behavior of the system which impacts the beamforming. Finally, the method is tested on an experimental mock-up which consists in a cylindrical pipe made in stainless steel and filled with water connected to hydraulic circuit. The water flow speed can be controlled by varying the speed of the pump. The acoustic source is generated by a hydrophone. The performances of the beamforming are studied for different water flow speeds and different amplitude and frequencies of the source
Ugueto, Lilian L. Navarro. "Depositional architecture and evolution of deep-water base-of-slope and slope channel complexes in a passive-margin setting: Isaac Formation, Windermere Supergroup (Neoproterozoic), southern Canadian Cordillera." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27278.
Full textChatei, Hassan. "Étude de l'émission négative secondaire par pulvérisation ionique de composés métalliques : Application à la formation d'ions négatifs de certains métaux." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10003.
Full textManatschal, Gianreto. "Jurassic rifting and formation of a passive continental margin (Platta and Err nappes, Eastern Switzerland) : geometry kinematics and geochemistry of fault rocks and a comparison the Galicia margin /." Zürich : [s.n.], 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11188.
Full textCampagne, Benjamin. "Non linéarités optiques dans les matériaux xérogels et polymères dopés. Application a la protection passive de senseurs contre les impulsions laser." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00713905.
Full textLombaert, Karine. "Composition et évolution des espèces particulaires émises à l'échappement d'un moteur diesel en fonction des paramètres moteur et de la nature du carburant." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066431.
Full textKoirala, Remun. "Fonctions conjointes de localisation et de communication dans les réseaux 5G en bandes millimétriques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S005.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate different facets of localization and communication services motivated by the symbiosis between them in the millimeter wave (mm-Wave) context for the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communications. Our aim is twofold: first, show that this duality is mutually beneficial to both services, and second, aim towards a co-existence to capture these benefits in order to bring forth mm-Wave as a strong contender for 5G. First, we look into how beamforming, an integral part of mm-Wave communications, can aid in improving the localization performance. After characterizing the localization performance in terms of Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), we show that with optimized beamforming, the estimation of localization variables (delay, angle of departure (AoD) and angle of arrival (AoA)) improves. Then we consider the problem of co-existence of the two services together in the same system while sharing time and frequency resources. We study the non-trivial trade-off between the performances of the two services during this resource budgeting. Then, relying on this trade-off, we design an optimal resource allocation scheme while also optimizing the beamwidth in order to ascertain high performance in terms of both localization and communication. In the same context, we also look into different applications of this improved location information namely initial access, channel estimation and simultaneous localization and communication (SLAM). We show that the related performances improve in terms of quality, latency and/or complexity in comparison to the conventional methods
Kulaga, Emilia. "Antimicrobial coatings for soft materials." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH5312/document.
Full textDespite strict operative procedures to minimize microbial contaminations, bacterial infection of implants significantly raises postoperative complications of surgical procedures. One of the promising approaches is to adjust and control antimicrobial properties of the implant surface. New types of antibacterial coatings prepared via plasma polymer functionalization step have been developed. These coatings contain and release in a control way a bioactive agent. Controlled release was achieved by the fabrication of plasma polymer multilayer systems, which consist of two layers of Maleic Anhydride Plasma Polymer deposited on the surface of Polypropylene made surgical mesh. In between plasma polymer layers, silver nanoparticles are trapped as an antibacterial agent reservoir. Owing to differences between mechanical properties of the plasma-polymer thin films and the elastic bulk substrates, tensile strengths generate cracks within the plasma polymer, which might be used as diffusive channels for bioactive substances, here silver ions. The cracks can be controlled mechanically in a reversible way. The tailoring of the spontaneous release of bioactive agent is achieved by the modification of the second plasma polymer deposition conditions. In addition, during mechanical stimulation of the designed material, control over silver ion release is achieved through an elongation-dependent releasing process allowed by the reversible control of the cracks. In the field of textiles and other soft biomaterials, this strategy is promising due to the mechanical stresses that naturally occur at the implant location. In regard of possible application of the developed system as a future biomaterial, the impact of different types of commonly used sterilization procedures on the properties of developed material was studied. The effects of autoclaving and electron beam sterilization methods on the surface chemistry, the dispersion of embedded silver nanoparticles in the plasma polymer and the cracks formation of the developed material was verified. Results showed the compatibility of the developed system with electron beam sterilization method. The antibacterial properties of the new material have been evaluated. The effect of developed system on planktonic bacteria, bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on stretched and unstretched system was studied. The membrane integrity of the adhered bacteria and bacteria in biofilms was followed during the study as an indicator of the physiologic state of bacteria. Results suggested that the sensitivity of bacteria to low concentrations of released silver ions resulted in the formation of different types of structures of the biofilms on the studied materials. The results give a strong base on the future of intelligent, silver containing materials that control the release at the site of infection. Our results show that low doses of silver may be sufficient to control infection by acting on the structure of bacterial biofilms
Elahian, Bahareh. "Estimating the time and angle of arrivals in mobile communications." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30396/30396.pdf.
Full textIn this project, we present a novel and precise way of estimating the direction and delay of arrivals in multipath environment for channel estimation purposes. Recently, super-resolution methods have been widely used for high resolution Direction Of Arrival (DOA) or Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) estimation. The proposed algorithm in this work is applicable to space-time channel estimation for space-time processing systems that employ hybrid DOA/TDOA technology. The estimator is based on the conventional MUSIC algorithm to find the DOA and by using a simple correlator it is possible to find the delay of each arrival. It is of interest to associate each angle to its proper delay to be able to estimate the characteristics of the channel when we have no knowledge about the transmitted sequence. To do this, we suggest a very simple and optimal beamforming method by performing Maximum Variance Distortion-less Response (MVDR). This beamforming maximizes the desired signal in the desired direction compare to the other signals that come from other directions. After finding the DOAs by MUSIC algorithm and selecting our desired direction, we obtain the signal from this direction by applying MVDR beamforming. Then, we perform a correlation between this signal and the others incoming signals from other directions. The peaks in the simulation figures illustrate the delay between each source with the obtained signal from MVDR. If we subtract the delay of the first arrival (the smallest delay in time), from the delays indicated in the figures, we can obtain the delay of each arrival. To be more precise, the mean of these estimated TOAs vector follows the exact TOA of each source.
Guille, Claire. "Etude de la formation par epitaxie par jets moleculaires des interfaces entre inas et gaas." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066415.
Full textMabrouk, Kais. "Conception et réalisation d'un système de Télécommunications MIMO avec Formation Numérique de Faisceaux en réception ; Calibrage aveugle du Démodulateur triphasé Zéro-IF et comparaison au démodulateur classique à 2 voies I et Q." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409794.
Full textLa première partie de ce travail est consacrée à une étude comparative entre les différents types de démodulateurs cinq-port et triphasés. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence l'aspect tridimensionnel des démodulateurs cinq-port et triphasés, de gagner 20dB en termes de réjection des produits d'intermodulation des signaux adjacents et de trouver une nouvelle méthode de calibrage aveugle du récepteur.
La seconde partie de la thèse se concentre sur le prototypage d'un système MIMO. Cette phase nous a permis d'exposer les difficultés de mise en place de ce genre de système et de souligner les nouvelles problématiques qui n'apparaissait pas auparavant dans les systèmes mono- transcepteur. Aussi, un algorithme de Formation de Faisceau a été développé dans cette partie. Ce FF numérique a permis non seulement d'accroître la capacité mais aussi la qualité de liaison en considérant le système MIMO comme N système SIMO en parallèle. Comparativement à la technique ZF(Zero Forcing), nous démontrons que le FF permet d'obtenir une meilleure qualité de signaux pour des faibles valeurs de rapport signal à bruit.
Haddad, Yara. "Investigation of the formation mechanisms of the High Burnup Structure in the spent nuclear fuel - Experimental simulation with ions beams." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS519/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate and reproduce the specific features of the microstructure of the high burnup structure of the irradiated nuclear fuel and to explore the various relevant parameters involved in the formation of such a structure, in evaluating their importance, and in clarifying the synergies between them. This have been performed by using a very simplified model system – namely uranium dioxide single crystals- irradiated with low energy La and Xe ions at 773 K, corresponding to the temperature at the periphery of the genuine fuel. The energies and masses of bombarding ions were chosen to investigate the destabilization of the solid due to: (i) the elastic nuclear collisions and by (ii) the chemical contribution of implanting impurities at high concentrations by implanting different ions in UO₂, namely Xe and La, having very different solubility: La species are soluble in UO₂ while Xe ions are insoluble. In situ Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM) and in situ Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry in the channeling mode (RBS/C), both techniques coupled to ion irradiation, were performed to visualize, quantify and provide information with respect to the fraction of radiation-induced defects and the formation of bubbles, cavities, or precipitates. The channeling data were analyzed afterwards by Monte Carlo simulations assuming two class of defects comprising (i) randomly displaced atoms (RDA) and (ii) bent channels (BC) defects. Regarding the RDA evolution, a sharp increase step appears from 0.4 to 4.0 dpa (corresponding to a low concentration of implanted ions) regardless of nature of ions followed by a saturation of the fraction of RDA for both ions over a wide range of irradiation. A sharp increase of RDA fraction is observed specifically for crystals implanted with Xe ions at a high concentration exceeding 1.5 % (corresponding to the dose of more than 125 dpa). Regarding the BC evolution, for both ions, the evolution shows an increase in the fraction of BC up to 4.0 dpa then the fraction of BC almost saturates for Xe and La ions. In situ TEM results show that a similar radiation-induced defects appear for both ions and the same evolution of defects as a function of the fluence is observed. The various defects evolved as a function of the fluence: starting from the black dot defects formation that were observed as a first type of defects created, then dislocation lines and loops appeared and evolved until they started to be become less distinguishable, the restructuring process continued by forming a tangled dislocation network. A high density of nanometer-sized gas bubbles with a mean diameter 2 nm were observed at room temperature for the Xe-implanted crystal at a threshold dose of 4 dpa. The coupling between both techniques (in situ RBS/C and TEM) demonstrates that the difference between the two plateaus of saturation between the two ions and the dramatic increase of RDA at high concentration of implanted Xe ions can be ascribed to: (i) the solubility of La compared to Xe ions leading to the formation of nanometer-sized gas bubbles and (ii) the size of implanted species in UO₂ matrix where insoluble Xe atoms have an atomic radius much larger than the cationic radius of U⁴⁺ atoms, (La³⁺ atoms have a similar atomic radius as U⁴⁺ atoms) responsible for more stress in UO₂ crystal
Mouhamadou, Moctar. "Contribution au développement et à l'optimisation d'un démonstrateur d'antennes adaptatives : Application à des systèmes de communications sans fil haut débit : WiMax." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/361df6d6-7ddc-43a3-b186-747beed431b9/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4010.pdf.
Full textThe current tendency is to use the multi-antennas systems in emission and/or reception in order to optimize the radioelectric spectrum as well as possible and to improve the radio connexion for the wireless communication systems. It is in this context that this thesis is related to the study and optimization of a demonstrator of smart antennas. After having carried out a thorough study of the detection methods of directions of arrival of the RF signals and having developed a beamforming technique, two prototypes of adaptive antenna system were developed in the WiMax band (3. 4 - 3. 5 GHz) and experimentally validated. The first system functioning in reception is based on the Uplink. It uses the five-port demodulators and the numerical beamforming system where the weights are calculated by the SQP algorithm (technique of pattern synthesis developed) and directly applied to the signals in baseband in order to improve quality of the received signals i. E. To improve the signal to interference plus noice ratio. The second system functioning in emission is based on the Downlink ; it is an analogical beamforming system using the vectors modulators controlled numerically, starting form the weight given by the array pattern synthesis (SQP algorithm) in order to concentrate the radiation emitted in the desired direction of the useful receiver. These two systems are complementary insofar as the last one uses the results of measurement of DoA of the first one to adapt its radiation pattern according to the position angular of the sources
Kurisummoottil, Thomas Christo. "Sparse Bayesian learning, beamforming techniques and asymptotic analysis for massive MIMO." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS231.
Full textMultiple antennas at the base station side can be used to enhance the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of the next generation wireless technologies. Indeed, massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is seen as one promising technology to bring the aforementioned benefits for fifth generation wireless standard, commonly known as 5G New Radio (5G NR). In this monograph, we will explore a wide range of potential topics in multi-userMIMO (MU-MIMO) relevant to 5G NR,• Sum rate maximizing beamforming (BF) design and robustness to partial channel stateinformation at the transmitter (CSIT)• Asymptotic analysis of the various BF techniques in massive MIMO and• Bayesian channel estimation methods using sparse Bayesian learning.One of the potential techniques proposed in the literature to circumvent the hardware complexity and power consumption in massive MIMO is hybrid beamforming. We propose a globally optimal analog phasor design using the technique of deterministic annealing, which won us the best student paper award. Further, in order to analyze the large system behaviour of the massive MIMO systems, we utilized techniques from random matrix theory and obtained simplified sum rate expressions. Finally, we also looked at Bayesian sparse signal recovery problem using the technique called sparse Bayesian learning (SBL). We proposed low complexity SBL algorithms using a combination of approximate inference techniques such as belief propagation (BP), expectation propagation and mean field (MF) variational Bayes. We proposed an optimal partitioning of the different parameters (in the factor graph) into either MF or BP nodes based on Fisher information matrix analysis
Ha, Duc Thang. "Allocation de ressources et association utilisateur/cellule optimisées pour les futurs réseaux denses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS290/document.
Full textRecently, mobile operators have been challenged by a tremendous growth in mobile data traffic. In such a context, Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) has been considered as a novel architecture for future wireless networks. The radio frequency signals from geographically distributed antennas are collected by Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) and transmitted to the cloud-centralized Baseband Units (BBUs) pool through fronthaul links. This centralized architecture enables a global optimization of joint baseband signal processing and radio resource management functions for all RRHs and users. At the same time, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) have emerged as another core feature for 5G network to enhance the capacity/coverage while saving energy consumption. Small cells deployment helps to shorten the wireless links to end-users and thereby improving the link quality in terms of spectrum efficiency (SE) as well as energy efficiency (EE). Therefore, combining both cloud computing and HetNet advantages results in the so-called Heterogeneous-Cloud Radio Access Networks (H-CRAN) which is regarded as one of the most promising network architectures to meet 5G and beyond system requirements. In this context, we address the crucial issue of beamforming and user-to-RRH association (user clustering) in the downlink of H-CRANs. We formulate this problem as a sum-rate maximization problem under the assumption of mobility and CSI (Channel State Information) imperfectness. Our main challenge is to design a framework that can achieve sum-rate maximization while, unlike other traditional reference solutions, being able to alleviate the computational complexity, CSI feedback and reassociation signaling costs under various mobility environments. Such gain helps in reducing the control and feedback overhead and in turn improve the uplink throughput. Our study begins by proposing a simple yet effective algorithm baptized Hybrid algorithm that periodically activates dynamic and static clustering schemes to balance between the optimality of the beamforming and association solutions while being aware of practical system constraints (complexity and signaling overhead). Hybrid algorithm considers time dimension of the allocation and scheduling process rather than its optimality (or suboptimality) for the sole current scheduling frame. Moreover, we provide a cost analysis of the algorithm in terms of several parameters to better comprehend the trade-off among the numerous dimensions involved in the allocation process. The second key contribution of our thesis is to tackle the beamforming and clustering problem from a mobility perspective. Two enhanced variants of the Hybrid algorithm are proposed: ABUC (Adaptve Beamforming and User Clustering), a mobility-aware version that is fit to the distinctive features of channel variations, and MABUC (Mobility-Aware Beamforming and User Clustering), an advanced version of the algorithm that tunes dynamically the feedback scheduling parameters (CSI feedback type and periodicity) in accordance with individual user velocity. MABUC algorithm achieves a targeted sum-rate performance while supporting the complexity and CSI signaling costs to a minimum. In our last contribution, we propose to go further in the optimization of the CSI feedback scheduling parameters. To do so, we take leverage of reinforcement learning (RL) tool to optimize on-the-fly the feedback scheduling parameters according to each user mobility profile. More specifically, we propose two RL models, one based on Q-learning and a second based on Deep Q-learning algorithm formulated as a POMDP (Partially observable Markov decision process). Simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed framework, as it enables to select the best feedback parameters tailored to each user mobility profile, even in the difficult case where each user has a different mobility profile
Delpech, Pierre-Yves. "Rifting jurassique sur la bordure occidentale du dome de barrot (alpes occidentales francaises) : evolution geodynamique d'un secteur de la marge nord-tethysienne." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066189.
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