Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Formalism'
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Agar, Aylin. "Formalism And Anti-formalism As Continuities And Discontinuities." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605748/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
FORMALISM AND ANTI-FORMALISM
AS CONTINUITIES AND DISCONTINUITIES
Agar, Aylin
M. Arch., Department of Architecture
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jale Nejdet Erzen
September 2004, 137 pages
When form is in consideration, there exist two seemingly distinct attitudes to form giving activity, which seem to be constantly in opposition, namely formalist and anti-formalist approaches. The aim of this study is to explore the sources of, and interactions and transformations between formalist and anti-formalist design processes, without overlooking the conventional formalist understanding. The intention is to find out how a tendency in architecture, which challenged the understanding of a pure, timeless, unchangeable, ideal form emerged as a new problematic of architectural form. In that respect, the discussion will be concentrating on some figures of both architectural theory and practice to reach an accumulation of a theoretical and practical knowledge on the issue, to disclose the true potential of architectural form in the contemporary world.
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Chousionis, Vasileios. "Thermodynamical Formalism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4631/.
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Thermodynamical formalism is a relatively recent area of pure mathematics owing a lot to some classical notions of thermodynamics. On this thesis we state and prove some of the main results in the area of thermodynamical formalism. The first chapter is an introduction to ergodic theory. Some of the main theorems are proved and there is also a quite thorough study of the topology that arises in Borel probability measure spaces. In the second chapter we introduce the notions of topological pressure and measure theoretic entropy and we state and prove two very important theorems, Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem and the Variational Principle. Distance expanding maps and their connection with the calculation of topological pressure cover the third chapter. The fourth chapter introduces Gibbs states and the very important Perron-Frobenius Operator. The fifth chapter establishes the connection between pressure and geometry. Topological pressure is used in the calculation of Hausdorff dimensions. Finally the sixth chapter introduces the notion of conformal measures.
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Iosti, Simon. "Une étude modèle-théorique du formalisme tannakien." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10106/document.
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Nous définissons et étudions dans cette thèse un formalisme permettant de traiter de questions tannakiennes pour des groupes définis sur des anneaux différentiels généralisés, qui généralisent à la fois les anneaux différentiels et les anneaux de différence. Nous définissons une notion de catégorie tannakienne différentielle de manière similaire au formalisme tannakien usuel, en ajoutant une structure supplémentaire permettant de décrire la structure induite par la différentielle généralisée. Nous étudions ensuite les propriétés modèle-théoriques des catégories qui en résultent, réalisant le groupe tannakien associé à la catégorie comme un groupe de liaison modèle-théorique. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous étudions la notion d'univers d'une structure du premier ordre, et introduisons une topologie dans ce contexte qui est réminiscente de la topologie des espaces de types en Théorie des Modèles du premier ordre. Nous étudions également la notion de groupoïde de liaison du point de vue des universIn this thesis, we define and study a formalism which allows one to work on Tannakian questions for groups defined over generalized differential rings, which generalize both differential rings and difference rings. We define a notion of differential Tanakian category which is similar to the usual Tannakian formalism, adding a structure which permits to describe the differential structure induced by the generalized differential. We then study the model-theoretical properties of the resulting categories, realizing the Tannakian group associated to a category as a model-theoretical binding group. In the last chapter, we study the notion of universe associated to a first-order structure, and we introduce a topology in this context, which is reminiscent of the topology on the spaces of types in first-order Model Theory. We also study the notion of binding groupoid from the point of view of universes
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Marques, Pereira R. A. de S. F. "Canonical formalism in superspace." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47175.
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Genyuk, Julia. "Topics in multifractal formalism /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488187049539505.
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Frisoni, Pietropaolo. "Canonical formalism for compact sources." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19296/.
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This thesis aims to describe the ADM formalism of General Relativity and to use the latter to describe a spherical compact source consisting of a perfect fluid. With two different choices for three-dimensional metric on hypersurfaces, we analyze the constraints of the system in the non-static case and the resulting equations of motion, both for canonical gravitational variables and those of matter. After examining some special cases, we also show that it is possible, in the case of static nature, to obtain the value of the Misner-Sharp mass from the Hamiltonian constraint, while near the trapping surfaces we obtain a relationship between the density of matter and the dynamic variables of the metric. Finally we propose a possible method for quantizing the constraints using the procedure that in the vacuum leads to the Wheeler-DeWitt equations.
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Halbert, J. T. "A modified Zwanzig-Mori formalism." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9571.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mathematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Chuang, S. T. "The revival of legal formalism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597685.
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After the general introduction offered in chapter one, chapters two and three discuss two theories of positivistic legal formalism: Frederick Schauer's presumptive positivism (formalism) and Patrick Atiyah's and Robert Summer's formal theory of legal reasoning. Chapters four and five examine the idealistic legal formalism of Ernest Weinrib's private law theory and Ronald Dworkin's interpretive jurisprudence. I show that positivistic legal formalism is closely associated with legal positivism whereas idealistic legal formalism is linked with natural law theory. In the final chapter, I argue that both positivistic and idealistic legal formalists support the autonomy thesis and the rule of law thesis. The autonomy thesis defends law's autonomy from political considerations. The rule of law thesis claims that rule by law, not by men, is general, public, and impersonal. Positivistic legal formalism insists that the autonomous domain of law derives from the existence of source-based rules, rules which treat the rule of law as a neutral process for protecting the autonomy of human freedom and values. Idealistic legal formalism maintains that the autonomy of law derives from the inner morality of law, according to which the rule of law is a substantive idea. It is the aim of this thesis to demonstrate that the autonomy and the rule of law theses that contemporary legal formalism upholds are contradictory premises. The autonomy of law thesis endorses the argument that law thesis endorses the argument that law has its own independent territory, strictly divorced from politics. On the other hand, the rule of law thesis entails a political view about the relationship between government and citizens. A positivistic, procedural concept of the rule of law depends on a Hobbesean theory of positivist social-contract. Likewise, an idealistic, substantive concept of the rule of law relies on a Lockean natural law version of a social contract. Law and adjudication, understood in this way, cannot be politically neutral.
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Jurga, Natalia Anna. "Thermodynamic formalism and dimension gaps." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109524/.
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Given an expanding Markov map T : [0; 1] → [0; 1] which admits an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure, we say that T gives rise to a dimension gap if there exists some c > 0 for which supp dim μp 1 . c, where μp denotes the Bernoulli measure associated to the probability vector p. We prove that under a `non-linearity condition' on T, there is a dimension gap. Our approach differs considerably to the approach of Kifer, Peres and Weiss in [KPW], who proved a similar result. The first part of our proof involves obtaining uniform lower estimates on the asymptotic variance of a class of potentials. Tools from the thermodynamic formalism of the countable shift play a key role in this part of the proof. The second part of our proof revolves around a `mass redistribution' technique. We also study a class of `Käenmäki measures' which are supported on self- affine sets generated by a finite collection of diagonal and anti-diagonal matrices acting on the plane. We prove that such a measure is exact-dimensional and that its dimension satisfies a Ledrappier-Young formula. This is similar to the recent results of Bárány and Käenmäki [BK], who proved an analogous result for quasi- Bernoulli measures. While the measures we consider are not quasi-Bernoulli, which takes us out of the scope of [BK], we show that the measures can be written in terms of two quasi-Bernoulli measures on an associated subshift and use this to prove the result.
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Ye, Kangfeng. "Model checking of state-rich formalisms (by linking to combination of state-based formalism and process algebra)." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15526/.
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Computer-based systems are becoming more and more complex. It is really a grand challenge to assure the dependability of these systems with the growing complexity, especially for high integrity and safety critical systems that require extremely high dependability. Circus, as a formal language, is designed to tackle this problem by providing precision preservation and correctness assurance. It is a combination of Z, CSP, refinement calculus and Dijkstra's guarded commands. A main objective of Circus is to provide calculational style refinement that differentiates itself from other integrated formal methods. Looseness, which is introduced from constants and uninitialised state space in Circus, and nondeterminism, which is introduced from disjunctive operations and CSP operators, make model checking of Circus more difficult than that of sole CSP or Z. Current approaches have a number of disadvantages like nondeterminism and divergence information loss, abstraction deterioration, and no appropriate tools to support automation. In this thesis, we present a new approach to model-check state-rich formalisms by linking them to a combination of a state-based formalism and a process algebra. Specifically, the approach illustrated in this thesis is to model-check Circus by linking to CSP || B. Eventually, we can use ProB, a model checker for B, Event-B, and CSP || B etc., to check the resultant CSP || B model. A formal link from Circus to CSP || B is defined in our work. Our link solution is to rewrite Circus models first to make all interactions between the state part and the behavioural part of Circus only through schema expressions, then translate the state part and the behavioural part to B and CSP respectively. In addition, since the semantics of Circus is based on Hoare and He's Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP), in order to prove the soundness of our link, we also give UTP semantics to CSP || B. Finally, because both ends of the link have their semantics defined in UTP, they are comparable. Furthermore, in order to support an automatic translation process, a translator is developed. It has supported almost all constructs defined in the link though with some limitations. Finally, three case studies are illustrated to show the usability of our model checking solution as well as limitations. The bounded reactive buffer is a typical Circus example. By our model checking approach, basic properties like deadlock freedom and divergence freedom for both the specification and the implementation with a small buffer size have been verified. In addition, the implementation has been verified to be a refinement of the specification in terms of traces and failures. Afterwards, in the Electronic Shelf Edge Label (ESEL) case study, we demonstrate how to use Circus to model different development stages of systems from the specification to two more specific systems. We have verified basic properties and sequential refinements of three models as well as three application related properties. Similarly, only the systems with a limited number of ESELs are verified. Finally, we present the steam boiler case study. It is a real and industrial control system problem. Though our solution cannot model check the steam boiler model completely due to its large state space, our solution still proves its benefits. Through our model checking approach, we have found a substantial number of errors from the original Circus solution. Then with counterexamples during animation and model checking, we have corrected all these found errors.
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Kempton, Thomas. "Thermodynamic formalism for symbolic dynamical systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36843/.
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We derive results in the ergodic theory of symbolic dynamical systems. Our first result concerns β-expansions of real numbers. We show that for a fixed non-integer β > 1 and a fixed real number x ∈ [0, |β|/β-1], the number of words (x1, ..., xn) that can be extended to β-expansions of x grows at least exponentially in n. Our second result concerns definitions of topological pressure for suspension ows over countable Markov shifts. Previously, topological pressure had been considered for a restricted class of suspension ows upon which the thermodynamic formalism can be well understood using the base transformation. We consider a more general class of suspension ows and show the equivalence of several natural definitions of topological pressure, including a definition analogous to that of Gurevich pressure for a Markov shift. Our third result concerns zero temperature limit laws for countable Markov shifts. We show that for a uniformly locally constant potential f on a topologically mixing countable Markov shift satisfying the big images and preimages property, the equilibrium states μtf associated to the potential tf converge as t tends to infinity. Finally we consider the image under a one-block factor map Π of a Gibbs measure μ supported on a finite alphabet Markov shift. We give sufficient conditions on Π for the image measure Π*(μ) to be a Gibbs measure and discuss regularity properties of the potential associated to Π*(μ) in terms of the regularity of the potential associated to μ.
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GonzaÌlez, Luiz Felipe. "Some integral operators in thermodynamic formalism." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396693.
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Ayyaz, Usman. "Time series formalism : a systems approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112896.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-52).
Time series data has become a modern day phenomena: from stock market data to social media information, modern day data exists as a continuous flow of information indexed by timestamps. Using this data to gather contextual inference and make future predictions is vital to gaining an analytical edge. While there are specialized time series databases and libraries available that optimize for performance and scale, there is an absence of a unifying framework that standardizes interaction with time series data sets. We introduce a python-based time series formalism which provides a SQL style querying interface alongside a rich selection of time series prediction algorithms. Users can forecast data or impute missing entries using a specialized prediction query which employs learning models under the hood. The decoupled architecture of our framework allows it to be easily substituted with any SQL database. We show the functionality of our abstraction with a single machine implementation which will be a building block towards a scalable distributed platform for time series analysis.
by Usman Ayyaz.
M. Eng.
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Pinotsis, Dimitrios A. "The Dbar formalism, Quaternions and applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612735.
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Kubo, Naotaka. "Brane dynamics in Fermi gas formalism." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263458.
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Yang, Naikuo. "Formalism of privacy preserving access control." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/formalism-of-privacy-preserving-access-control(ea4a3d37-fcd9-471b-a33e-7414c315aad9).html.
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There is often a misalignment between requirements for keeping data owners' information private and real data processing practices, and this can lead to violations of privacy. Specifying and implementing appropriate policies to control a user's access to a system and its resource is critical for keeping data owners' information private. Traditionally, policy specification is isolated from requirements analysis, which often results in data processing practices that are not in compliance with data owners' requirements. This thesis investigates a development scheme that integrates policy specification into requirements analysis and approach design. It suggests that, while we derive specification from requirements analysis, we can also improve requirements and approach design through privacy preservation specification by clarifying ambiguities in the requirements and resolving inconsistencies between requirements and data processing practices. This claim is supported by the requirements analysis and specification of a purpose based access control approach for privacy preservation. The purpose-based access control method consists of an entity of purpose, which expresses requirements for keeping personal information private from a data owner's point of view. The requirements analysis is helped by the specification of the entities, the relationships, the invariants corresponding to the requirements, and the model operations along with proof obligations of their satisfiability. That specification results in a complete purpose based access control model in the case of an intra-organisation scenario. The development scheme has also been applied for privacy preservation in distributed collaborative environments. Distributed computing environments pose further challenges for keeping personal information private. Design considerations are taken for ensuring that personal information is accessed from two or more parties only if agreed privacy policies and privacy preferences are satisfied, and for facilitating privacy policies matching and privacy preference compliance among distributed collaborative organisations. The work presented in this thesis should be of value to researchers on privacy protection methods, to whom the purpose-based access control model has been made available for privacy property verification, and to researchers on privacy specification, who will be able to incorporate specification into the requirements analysis.
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Pivkina, Inna Valentinovna. "REVISION PROGRAMMING: A KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION FORMALISM." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2001. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukycosc2001d00022/pivkina.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 121 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-119).
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Magnusson, Roger. "Mueller matrix ellipsometry on advanced nanostructures." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10698.
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Ellipsometry is an optical technique used for studies of thin films and surfaces. The technique is based on measurement and analysis of the changes in the state of polarization that occur when polarized light is reflected on a sample surface.
The multichannel Mueller matrix ellipsometer is a new system that is about to enter the commercial market. It can measure the full 4x4 Mueller matrix of a sample.
The Laboratory of Applied Optics at the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology at Linköpings University has purchased one such multichannel Mueller matrix ellipsometer, called RC2, from J.A. Woollam Co., Inc.
This project has the objective to investigate potentials and limitations of this new ellipsometer. This is done by comparing measurements carried out on RC2 with similar measurements made on a different, well known ellipsometer system, the VASE ellipsometer.
A study of the theoretical background of ellipsometry has been made including a description of the Jones formalism of describing optical properties as well as the Stokes/ Mueller formalism.
A short theoretical description of the RC2 principles, in order to better understand the new ellipsometer is also given.
Measurements have been made on samples of varying complexity, including isotropic and anisotropic samples with in-plane anisotropy and out-of-plane anisotropy.
On samples with no depolarization there should be no difference between the two ellipsometers. As can be seen in the experimental results there is some difference, but very little. Both for the isotropic samples, where Δ and ψ have been measured, and anisotropic, where the full Mueller matrix has been measured, we find a good match between VASE and RC2.
When the samples are depolarizing, we expect to see a difference in the Mueller matrix. We do notice a significant difference in the measurements on tilted nanometer rods of TiO2, which has an advanced nano-structure in the upper layer. We can thus conclude that samples with depolarizing properties reveal this when measured with the new RC2 ellipsometer.
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Polimeno, Paolo. "Optical forces in the T-matrix formalism." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15802/.
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Le pinzette ottiche, fasci laser fortemente focalizzati, sono uno strumento cruciale per la manipolazione e lo studio senza contatto meccanico di particelle micro- e nanoscopiche di diversa natura. Presentano tantissime applicazioni interdisciplinari ma, solo di recente, si è riusciti a sviluppare una modellizzazione teorica accurata per il range della mesoscala che vada oltre le forti approssimazioni utilizzate per il calcolo delle forze ottiche su particelle molto più piccole (approssimazione di dipolo) o molto più grandi (ottica geometrica) della lunghezza d'onda della luce. In questo ambito di ricerca si inserisce il nostro lavoro di tesi che si basa sull'utilizzo del metodo della matrice di transizione (T-matrix) per il calcolo delle forze ottiche su particelle sferiche e nanofili alla mesoscala. Il formalismo della T-matrix costituisce attualmente uno dei metodi più accurati per il calcolo dello scattering elettromagnetico da particelle non-sferiche, sia isolate che interagenti in strutture composite. L'idea di espandere i campi incidenti e diffusi in armoniche sferiche vettoriali e di connettere i coefficienti di espansione attraverso una matrice di transizione si è dimostrato estremamente efficace anche nell'ambito della modellizzazione delle forze ottiche. In questo lavoro di tesi, abbiamo studiato le forze ottiche su nano e microstrutture intrappolate. In primo luogo, abbiamo studiato la dipendenza delle forze dalle dimensioni di particelle di morfologia sferica e filiformi (nanofili) di polistirene. Successivamente, abbiamo dimostrato per la prima volta come, rompendo la simmetria cilindrica in nanofili di ossido di zinco, possa essere evidenziata una componente di forza non conservativa legata all'elicità della luce e proporzionale al momento lineare di Belinfante. Gli effetti di questa forza ottica trasversa, tradizionalmente ritenuta 'virtuale', sono stati di recente misurati in esperimenti con onde evanescenti e nell'intrappolamento di nanofili.
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Dumlu, Cesim Kadri. "Quantum Decoherence And Quantum State Diffusion Formalism." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608563/index.pdf.
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Foundational problems of quantum theory, regarding the appearance of classicality and the measurement problem are stated and their link to studies of open quantum systems is discussed. This study's main aim is to analyze the main approaches that are employed in the context of open quantum systems. The general form of Markovian master equations are derived by a constructive approach. The Quantum State Diffusion (QSD) formalism is stressed upon as an alternative method to the master equations. Using the Caldeira-Leggett model in the context of QSD, stationary solutions of a charged particle exposed to a uniform magnetic field are found. The important points are summarized and the results are discussed.
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Pai, Madhusudan Gurpura. "Probability density function formalism for multiphase flows." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Gaskell, Craig. "A graphical based formalism for executable specification." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363277.
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Sosnovsky, Eugeny. "Nuclear reactor multiphysics via bond graph formalism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92056.
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Thesis: Sc. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2014.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 205-216).
This work proposes a simple and effective approach to modeling nuclear reactor multiphysics problems using bond graphs. Conventional multiphysics simulation paradigms normally use operator splitting, which treats the individual physics separately and exchanges the information at every time step. This approach has limited accuracy, and so recently, there has been an increased interest in fully coupled physics simulation. The bond graph formalism has recently been suggested as a potential paradigm for reactor multiphysics simulation; this work develops the tools necessary to utilize bond graphs for practical transient reactor analysis. The bond graph formalism was first introduced to solve the multiphysics problem in electromechanical systems. Over the years, it has been used in many fields including nuclear engineering, but with limited scope due to its perceived impracticality in large systems. Bond graph formalism works by first representing a discretized multiphysics system using a group of graph elements, connected with bonds; the bonds transport conserved quantities, and the elements impose the relations between them. The representation can be automatically converted into a state derivative vector, which can be integrated in time. In an earlier work, the bond graph formalism was first applied to neutron diffusion, and coupled to diffusive heat transfer in a 1D slab reactor. In this work, methods are developed to represent, using bond graphs, 2D and 3D multigroup neutron diffusion with precursors, nonlinear point kinetics, and basic nearly-incompressible 1D flow for fully coupled reactor simulation. High-performance, matrix-based bond graph processing methods were developed to support the simulation of medium- and large-scale problems. A pressurized water reactor point kinetics, single-channel rod ejection benchmark problem was used to verify the nonlinear point kinetics representation. 2D and 3D boiling water reactor control blade drop problems were also successfully simulated with the matrix-based bond graph processing code. The code demonstrated 3rd-order convergence in time, a very desirable property of fully coupled time integrators.
by Eugeny Sosnovsky.
Sc. D.
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VENÂNCIO, Joás da Silva. "The spinorial formalism, with applications in physics." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25303.
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CNPq
It is well-known that the rotation symmetries play a central role in the development of all physics. In this dissertation, the material is presented in a way which sets the scene for the introduction of spinors which are objects that provide the least-dimensional faithful representation for the group Spin(n), the group that is the universal coverage of the group SO(n), the group of rotations in n dimensions. With that goal in mind, much of this dissertation is devoted to studying the Clifford algebra, a special kind of algebra defined on vector spaces endowed with inner products. At the heart of the Clifford algebra lies the idea of a spinor. With these tools at our disposal, we studied the basic elements of differential geometry which enabled us to emphasise the more geometrical origin of spinors. In particular, we construct the spinor bundle which immediately lead to the notion of a spinor field which represents spin ½ particles, such as protons, electrons, and neutrons. A higher-dimensional generalization of the so-called monogenic multivector functions is also investigated. In particular, we solved the monogenic equations for spinor fields on conformally flat spaces in arbitrary dimension. Particularly, the massless Dirac field is a type of monogenic. Finally, the spinorial formalism is used to show that the Dirac equation minimally coupled to an electromagnetic field is separable in spaces that are the direct product of bidimensional spaces. In particular, we applied these results on the background of black holes whose horizons have topology R X S² X … X S².
É bem conhecido que as simetrias de rotação desempenham um papel central no desenvolvimento de toda a física. Nesta dissertação, apresentamos o conteúdo de forma a estabelecer o cenário para a introdução dos chamados spinors, os quais são objetos que fornecem as representações fiéis de menor dimensão para o grupo Spin(n), o grupo que é a cobertura universal do grupo SO(n), o grupo das rotações em n dimensões. Para este fim, grande parte desta dissertação é dedicada ao estudo da álgebra de Clifford, um tipo especial de álgebra definida em espaços munidos de um produto interno. No coração da álgebra de Clifford está precisa definição de um espinor. Com estas ferramentas à nossa disposição, estudamos os elementos básicos de geometria diferêncial, o que nos permitiu entender sobre a origem mais geométrica de espinores. Em particular, construímos o fibrado espinorial, o qual conduziu imediatamente a noção de um campo espinorial que, por sua vez, representa com precição as partículas com spin 1=2 tais como: prótons, elétrons e neutrons. Uma generalização para dimensões mais altas do conceito de multivetores monogênicos também é investigada. Em particular, resolvemos a equação dos monogênicos para campos espinoriais em espaços conformemente planos em dimensão arbitrária. Particularmente, o campo de Dirac sem massa é um tipo de monogênico. Finalmente, o formalismo espinorial foi usado para mostrar que a equação de Dirac com massa minimamente acoplada ao campo eletromagnético é separável em espaços que são produtos diretos de espaços bidimensionais. Em particular, aplicamos estes resultados a buracos negros com horizontes topológicos R X S² X … X S².
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Golden, Boris. "A unified formalism for complex systems architecture." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/82/71/07/PDF/phd.pdf.
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Les systèmes industriels complexes sont des objets artificiels conçus par l'Homme, et constitués d'un grand nombre de composants hétérogènes (e. G. Matériels, logiciels ou organisationnels) collaborant pour accomplir une mission globale. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation du comportement fonctionnel de tels systèmes, ainsi qu'à leur intégration. Nous modéliserons donc les systèmes réels par le biais d'une approche de boîte noire fonctionnelle avec un état interne, dont la structure et le comportement fonctionnel peuvent être obtenus par l'intégration récursive de composants élémentaires hétérogènesComplex industrial systems are typically artificial objects designed by men, involving a huge number of heterogeneous components (e. G. Hardware, software, or human organizations) working together to perform a mission. In this thesis, we are interested in modeling the functional behavior of such systems, and their integration. We will model real systems as functional black boxes (with an internal state), whose structure and behaviors can be described by the recursive integration of heterogeneous smaller subsystems. Our purpose is to give a unified and minimalist semantics for heterogeneous integrated systems and their integration
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Leduc, Lætitia. "2D quantum Gravity in the Kähler formalism." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE013/document.
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Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier lagravité quantique bidimensionnelle. Nousnous intéressons plus particulièrement auxapproches dans le continu. Ces dernièresreposent principalement sur l'action deLiouville qui décrit le couplage entre théorieconforme et gravité. Si cette action, bienconnue, est très bien comprise, la mesure del'intégrale fonctionnelle sur l'espace desmétriques pose plus de problèmes. Toutefois,sous l'hypothèse simplificatrice d'une mesurede champ libre, la dépendance en l'aire de lafonction de partition de la gravité quantiqueen présence de matière conforme a pu êtreétablie. Malgré l'hypothèse assez forte sur lamesure d'intégration, cette formule (diteKPZ), a été confirmée par des calculs issusde méthodes discrètes, et ce dans plusieurscas particuliers. Grâce à une nouvelle méthode derégularisation spectrale en espace courbe,cette mesure d'intégration a récemment puêtre proprement définie. Dans cette thèse,un calcul perturbatif de la fonction departition à aire fixée est mené, jusqu'à troisboucles, en considérant l'action de Liouvilleet des surfaces de Kähler de genrequelconque (qui coïncident avec l'ensembledes surfaces à deux dimensions). Desdivergences apparaissant dans les calculs, ilest nécessaire de renormaliser les actions.Cette renormalisation peut être interprétéecomme une renormalisation de la mesured'intégration. Nos résultats à deux bouclessont finis, indépendants de la régularisationet compatibles avec le résultat KPZ, maisdépendent d'un paramètre libre. L'étude àtrois boucles suggère que la théorie resterenormalisable aux ordres supérieurs maisdépend de nouveaux paramètres à chaqueordre. Ces résultats ont été généralisé dansle cas du tore au couplage à de la matièrenon-conformeNowadays, two-dimensional quantumgravity can be studied in two differentapproaches, one involving discrete theories(triangulation, matrix model...), the othercontinuous ones, mainly based on the socalled Liouville action which universallydescribes the coupling of any conformal fieldtheory to gravity. While the Liouville action isrelatively well understood, the appropriatefunctional integral measure is however rathercomplicated. Nevertheless, a formula for thearea dependence of the quantum gravitypartition function in the presence of conformalmatter has been obtained, under thesimplifying assumption of a free-fieldmeasure. Notwithstanding its non-rigorousderivation, this formula, often referred to asthe KPZ formula, has since been verified inmany instances and has scored manysuccesses. Recent developments of efficient multiloopregularization methods on curved spacetimesopened the way for a precise and welldefinedperturbative computation of the fixedareapartition function in the Kählerformalism. In this work, a first-principlescomputation of the fixed-area partitionfunction in the Liouville theory is performed,up to three loops. Among other things, therole of the non-trivial quantum gravityintegration measure is highlighted.Renormalization is required and may beinterpreted as a renormalization of theintegration measure. This leads to a finite andregularization-independent result at two loops,that is more general than the KPZ result,although compatible. Finiteness andregularization-independence seem alsopossible at three loops. These results aregeneralized to the coupling to non-conformalmatter on the torus
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Jönsson, Johan. "Non-isotropic Cosmology in 1+3-formalism." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-113269.
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Cosmology is an attempt to mathematically describe the behaviour of the universe, the most commonly used models are the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker solutions. These models seem to be accurate for an old universe, which is homogeneous with low anisotropy. However for an earlier universe these models might not be that accurate or even correct. The almost non-existent anisotropy observed today might have played a bigger role in the earlier universe. For this reason we will study another model known as Bianchi Type I, where the universe is not necessarily isotropic. We utilize a 1+3-covariant formalism to obtain the equations that determine the behaviour of the universe and then use a tetrad formalism to complement the 1+3-covariant equations. Using these equations we examine the geometry of space-time and its dynamical properties. Finally we briefly discuss the different singularities possible and examine some special cases of geodesic movement.
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Takagaki, Ken. "A formalism for object-based information systems development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31016.
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Most current approaches to Information Systems Development (ISD) tend to derive from past experience and practice, rules of thumb and technology trends. The lack of theoretical foundations hinders the systematic development and evaluation of new ISD methodologies. The research undertaken in this thesis addresses this issue by proposing a formal, theory-based model, Ontology/Object-Based Conceptual Modelling (OBCM), for conceptually representing IS applications. The formalism is novel in that it is grounded in first principles derived from metaphysics, in particular the system of Ontology developed by Mario Bunge. Underlying this approach is the premise that an Information System is a model of reality and that model should be therefore rooted in a theory of reality, ie. a metaphysics. As a result, basic assumptions in reality such as thing, substance, property, attribute, time, state and change are explicitly and rigorously addressed. OBCM features an ontologically well-defined construct, "object", which is used to directly represent entities in reality, thus lending theoretical credence to the so-called object-oriented paradigm found in recent programming languages and databases.
In addition, the thesis presents a framework, Ontology/Object-Based Information System (OBIS), for systems implementation based on this model. This framework directly
implements the object construct so that it can be immediately utilized by the information systems user in a "direct manipulation" style of end-user interaction. Further,
OBIS strives for a single, homogeneous concept of system operation drawn from ontology rather than in terms of IS or computing technology. In principle, this one concept can be applied to any object in the IS, this simplifying the understanding and use of the Information System. In this way, the model attempts to unify the analysis, implementation and user-interface aspects of Information Systems Development, thereby reducing the so-called "semantic gap" which has often been observed between the reality of the application and its final implementation in an IS.
A "proof of concept" prototype is described which illustrates the main principles and explores practical applications of the proposed model. This prototype is implemented as a single, stand-alone "shell" which can be used to support a wide variety of applications as well as providing the basis of a rapid prototyping or CASE tool. The prototype is used to implement sample problems including the well-known IFIP Working Conference problem, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the overall approach.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Kagiso, Dintle Nelson. "Dimension theory and multifractal analysis via thermodynamic formalism." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77523/.
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The thesis deals with dimension theory and ergodic theory. We are interested in applying thermodynamic formalism to give explicit values. Mainly we study dimension of sets with different ergodic averages. An extension to the case of level sets for Gibbs measures of hyperbolic dynamical system are investigated. This leads to very accurate numerical averages.
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Cautun, Marius. "Photon production in the Color Glass Condensate formalism." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66993.
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In this thesis, the classical field model developed by Krasnitz et al. is used to compute quark and photon production in heavy ion collisions. The first part of the thesis serves as an independent verification of previous results for quark production. To do so, an iterative method is developed to solve the non-linear system of equations that gives the initial condition for the gluonic field. In the second part, the expression giving the photon production rate is simplified using the symmetries and properties of the Color Glass Condensate and McLerran-Venugopalan models. From the two Feynman diagrams that give the leading order contribution, one is much larger than the other. The dominant diagram is given by a continuum spectrum with a very prominent peak superimposed on it.Dans cette thèse, le modèle développé par Krasnitz et al. basé sur les champs classiques est utilisé pour calculer la production de quarks et de photons dans les collisions d'ions lourds. La première partie de la thèse consiste en une vérification indépendante de certains résultats sur la production de quarks. Pour se faire, une méthode itérative est développée afin de solutionner le système d'équations non-linéaires qui donnent les conditions initiales du champ de gluon. Dans la seconde partie, l'expression donnant le taux de production de photons est simplifié en utilisant les symétries et les propriétés du Color Glass Condensate et du modèle de McLerran-Venugopalan. Deux diagrammes de Feynman donnent la contribution à l'ordre dominant mais l'un d'eux est plus important que l'autre. Le diagramme dominant donne un spectre continu superposé d'un pic proéminant.
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Basoalto, Hector Christian. "Weight function formalism applied to crack bridging problems." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243985.
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Chan, Ka-bo, and 陳家寶. "On Griffiths' formalism of the calculus of variations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30456630.
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Menard, Kenneth A. "Gaussian beam resonator formalism using the yy method." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1995. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/21214.
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University of Central Florida College of Engineering ThesisA simple and powerful new paraxial ray formalism is shown to provide an alternate method for designing Gaussian Beam Resonators. The theory utilizes the Delano yybar diagram approach and is an extensio of the recent work by Shack and Kessler for laser systems. The method is shown to be complementary to the conventional ABCD method and is founded upon J.A. Arnaud's pioneering ideas for complex rays. The thesis develops an analytic formulation of a ray based complex wavefront curvature and yields a clearly generalized description of spherical wave propagation, for which Gaussian beams are considered a special case. The resultant theory unifies the complex q parameter and the ABCD law, with the yybar complex ray components and also suggests that the ABCD law for the complex q parameter has its origin in the yybar complex ray. New fundamental equations for designing stable multi-element resonators using the yybar coordinates are derived, and it is shown that the yybar diagram provides a novel method for defining automatically stable resonators. Various applications for the yybar design technique are also discussed, including the setting of convenient design constraints, the description of M2 beams, generating phase diagrams, and resonator syntheis and analysis.
M.S.;
Electrical Engineering
Engineering;
Electrical Engineering
49 p.
vii, 49 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Welford, Theresa Malphrus. "Trans-Atlantic connections : the Movement and New Formalism." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423547.
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Surry, Patrick David. "Prescriptive formalism for constructing domain-specific evolutionary algorithms." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11439.
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It has been widely recognised in the computational intelligence and machine learning communities that the key to understanding the behaviour of learning algorithms is to understand what representation is employed to capture and manipulate knowledge acquired during the learning process. However, traditional evolutionary algorithms have tended to employ a fixed representation space (binary strings), in order to allow the use of standardised genetic operators. This approach leads to complications for many problem domains, as it forces a somewhat artificial mapping between the problem variables and the canonical binary representation, especially when there are dependencies between problem variables (e.g. problems naturally defined over permutations). This often obscures the relationship between genetic structure and problem features, making it difficult to understand the actions of the standard genetic operators with reference to problem-specific structures. This thesis instead advocates making the representation of solutions of the explicit focus, in order to highlight the way in which the genetic operators (and resulting search algorithms) form and test hypotheses about the relationship between observed problem structure and films. It is clear that any search algorithm must limit the class of hypotheses which it is able to learn (its bias), if it is to select the most accurate of those hypotheses efficiently. We demonstrate this in the context of evolutionary search by exploring the so-called "no free lunch" results, and argue that it is the chosen representation which determines what kinds of hypotheses can be formed and tested by the algorithm. To do this, we exploit a general formalism for generating a representation for an arbitrary instance of a given problem domain, using a characterisation of that problem domain which captures beliefs about its structure. Such a characterisation is simply an explicit set of mathematical statements about the relationship between features of solutions and their fitness values, making it clear that the resulting representations encapsulate all of the domain knowledge which is available to any search algorithm.
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Pintore, Anna. "Legal formalism: a comparison between Jori and Schauer." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116188.
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This essay examines and juxtaposes Mario Jori’s and Frederick Schauer’s ideas on legal formalism. Although developed independently of each other, these ideas show remarkable similarities: both focus on the notion of norm or rule as a tool for clarifying the notion of legal formalism; both defend legal formalism from the criticisms routinely moved against it. The author maintains that Jori’s and Schauer’s theories may contribute to shed light on (and criticize) the controversial notion of defeasibility of legal rules; they may also contribute to scale down, from a legal-theoretical point of view, the novelties of contemporary constitutional orders; finally, it may help to better understand their working machinery.In questo saggio vengono esaminate e messe a confronto le idee di Mario Jori e di Frederick Schauer in tema di formalismo giuridico. Pur essendo state elaborate l’una indipendentemente dall’altra, presentano notevoli somiglianze, perché entrambe usano la nozione di norma o regola come punto focale per chiarire la nozione di formalismo giuridico, e perché entrambe difendono quest’ultimo dalle critiche usualmente rivolte ad esso. L’autrice ritiene che l’esame delle idee dei due autori possa contribuire a chiarire (e criticare) la controversa nozione di defeasibility delle norme giuridiche e possa altresì, in via generale, contribuire a ridimensionare, dal punto di vista teorico-giuridico, le novità del diritto degli odierni Stati costituzionali, oltre che a comprenderne meglio i meccanismi di funzionamento.
En este trabajo se examina y compara las ideas de Mario Jori y de Frederick Schauer en relación con el formalismo jurídico. A pesar de haber sido desarrolladas de forma independiente unas de las otras, dichas ideas presentan notables semejanzas ya que ambos autores utilizan el concepto de una norma o regla como punto focal para aclarar la noción de formalismo jurídico, y porque ambos lo defienden de las críticas que usualmente se le dirigen. La autora considera que el examen de las ideas de los dos autores puede contribuir a aclarar (y criticar) la controvertida noción de defeasibility (derrotabilidad) de las normas jurídicas y, de modo general, también a redimensionar, desde el punto de vista teórico-jurídico, las novedades que presentan los derechos de los modernos Estados constitucionales, y comprender mejor los mecanismos de su funcionamiento.
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Fontes, De Avila Sandra Eliza. "Extended bag-of-words formalism for image classification." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066212.
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Dans cette thèse, nous traitons le problème de la représentation des images. Notre objectif est la détection de concepts à partir d'une analyse du contenu visuel des images et des vidéos. Pour cela, nous introduisons une nouvelle représentation qui enrichit le modèle classique par sacs de mots visuels. S'appuyant sur la quantification de descripteurs locaux, et l'agrégation de ces descripteurs quantifiés en un vecteur de caractéristique unique, le modèle par sacs de mots visuels a émergé comme l'approche la plus efficace pour la classification d'images. Nous proposons BossaNova, une nouvelle représentation d'images permettant de conserver plus d'information lors de l'opération d'agrégation (pooling) en exploitant la distribution des distances entre les descripteurs locaux et les mots visuels. L'évaluation expérimentale sur plusieurs bases de données de classification d'images, telles que ImageCLEF Photo Annotation, MIRFLICKR, PASCAL VOC et 15-Scenes, a montré l'intérêt de Bossanova vis-à-vis des techniques traditionnelles, même sans utiliser de combinaisons complexes de multiples descripteurs locaux. Une extension de notre approche a également été étudiée. Elle concerne la combinaison de BossaNova avec une autre représentation basée sur des vecteurs de Fisher très coupétitive. Les résultats obtenus sont systématiquement meilleurs atteignant l'état de l'art sur de nombreuses bases. Ils permettent ainsi de démontrer expérimentallement la complémentarité des deux approches. Cette étude nous a permis d'obtenir la seconde place lors de notre participation à la compétition ImageCLEF 2012 Flickr Photo Annotation Task parmi les 28 soumissions sur la partie visuelleIn this dissertation, we have addressed the problem of representing images based on their visual information. Our aim is content-based concept detection in images and videos, with a novel representation that enriches the Bag-of-Words model. Relying on the quantization of highly discriminant local descriptors by a codebook, and the aggregation of those quantized descriptors into a single pooled feature vector, the Bag-of-Words model has emerged as the most promising approach for image classification. We propose BossaNova, a novel image representation which offers a more information-preserving pooling operation based on a distance-to-codeword distribution. The experimental evaluations on many challenging image classification benchmarks, such as ImageCLEF Photo Annotation, MIRFLICKR, PASCAL VOC and 15-Scenes, have shown the advantage of BossaNova when compared to traditional techniques, even without using complex combinations of different local descriptors. An extension of our approach has also been studied. It concerns the combination of BossaNova representation with another representation very competitive based on Fisher Vectors. The results consistently reaches other state-of-the-art representations in many datasets. It also experimentally demonstrate the complementarity of the two approaches. This study allowed us to achieve, in the competition ImageCLEF 2012 Flickr Photo Annotation Task, the 2nd among the 28 visual submissions
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Wang, Chun-yen. "Closed-time-path formalism for gauge field theory /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Tizzano, Luigi. "Geometry of BV quantization and Mathai-Quillen formalism." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5941/.
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Il formalismo Mathai-Quillen (MQ) è un metodo per
costruire la classe di Thom di un fibrato vettoriale attraverso una forma differenziale di profilo Gaussiano. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di formulare una nuova rappresentazione della classe di Thom usando aspetti geometrici della quantizzazione Batalin-Vilkovisky
(BV). Nella prima parte del lavoro vengono riassunti i formalismi BV e MQ entrambi nel caso finito dimensionale. Infine sfrutteremo la trasformata di Fourier “odd" considerando la forma MQ come una funzione definita su un opportuno spazio graduato.
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Canfield, Peter John. "The Polytope Formalism: isomerism and associated unimolecular isomerisation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29731.
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This thesis concerns the ontology of isomerism, this encompassing the conceptual frameworks and relationships that comprise the subject matter; the necessary formal definitions, nomenclature, and representations that have impacts reaching into unexpected areas such as drug registration and patent specifications; the requisite controlled and precise vocabulary that facilitates nuanced communication; and the digital/computational formalisms that underpin the chemistry software and database tools that empower chemists to perform much of their work.
Using conceptual tools taken from Combinatorics, and Graph Theory, means are presented to provide a unified description of isomerism and associated unimolecular isomerisation spanning both constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism called the Polytope Formalism. This includes unification of the varying approaches historically taken to describe and understand stereoisomerism in organic and inorganic compounds.
Work for this Thesis began with the synthesis, isolation, and characterisation of compounds not adequately describable using existing IUPAC recommendations. Generalisation of the polytopal-rearrangements model of stereoisomerisation used for inorganic chemistry led to the prescriptions that could deal with the synthesised compounds, revealing an unrecognised fundamental form of isomerism called akamptisomerism.
Following on, this Thesis describes how in attempting to place akamptisomerism within the context of existing stereoisomerism reveals significant systematic deficiencies in the IUPAC recommendations. These shortcomings have limited the conceptualisation of broad classes of compounds and hindered development of molecules for medicinal and technological applications.
It is shown how the Polytope Formalism can be applied to the description of constitutional isomerism in a practical manner. Finally, a radically different medicinal chemistry design strategy with broad application, based upon the principles, is described
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Teraguchi, Shunsuke. "Vacuum String Field Theory in the Oscillator Formalism." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147806.
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Avila, Sandra Eliza Fontes de. "Extended bag-of-words formalism for image classification." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ESSA-9ACJ4K.
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Visual information, in the form of digital images and videos, has become so omnipresent in computer databases and repositories, that it can no longer be considered a second class citizen, eclipsed by textual information. In that scenario, image classification has become a critical task. In particular, the pursuit of automatic identification of complex semantical concepts represented in images, such as scenes or objects, has motivated researchers in areas as diverse as Information Retrieval, Computer Vision, Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence. Nevertheless, in contrast to text documents, whose words carry semantic, images consist of pixels that have no semantic information by themselves, making the task very challenging. In this dissertation, we have addressed the problem of representing images based on their visual information. Our aim is content-based concept detection in images and videos, with a novel representation that enriches the Bag-of-Words model. Relying on the quantization of highly discriminant local descriptors by a codebook, and the aggregation of those quantized descriptors into a single pooled feature vector, the Bag-of- Words model has emerged as the most promising approach for image classification. We propose BossaNova, a novel image representation which offers a more informationpreserving pooling operation based on a distance-to-codeword distribution. The experimental evaluations on many challenging image classification benchmarks, such as ImageCLEF Photo Annotation, MIRFLICKR, PASCAL VOC and 15- Scenes, have shown the advantage of BossaNova when compared to traditional techniques, even without using complex combinations of different local descriptors. An extension of our approach has also been studied. It concerns the combination of BossaNova representation with another representation very competitive based on Fisher Vectors. The results consistently reaches other state-of-the-art representations in many datasets. It also experimentally demonstrate the complementarity of the two approaches. This study allowed us to achieve, in the competition ImageCLEF 2012 Flickr Photo Annotation Task, the 2nd among the 28 visual submissions. Finally, we have explored our BossaNova representation in the challenging real world application of pornography detection. Once again, the results validated the relevance of our approach compared to standard techniques on a real applicationInformação visual, na forma de imagens e vídeos digitais, tornou-se tão onipresente em repositórios de dados, que não pode mais ser considerada uma 'cidadã de segunda classe', eclipsada por informações textuais. Neste cenário, a classificação de imagens tornou-se uma tarefa crítica. Em particular, a busca pela identificação automática de conceitos semânticos complexos, representados em imagens, tais como cenas ou objetos, tem motivado pesquisadores em diversas áreas como, por exemplo, Recuperação de Informação, Visão Computacional, Processamento de Imagem e Inteligência Artificial. No entanto, em contraste com os documentos de texto, cujas palavras apresentam conteúdo semântico, imagens consistem de pixels que não têm nenhuma informação semântica por si só, tornando a tarefa muito difícil. O problema abordado nesta tese refere-se à representação de imagens com base no seu conteúdo visual. Objetiva-se a detecção de conceitos em imagens e vídeos, por meio de uma nova representação que enriquece o modelo saco de palavras visuais. Baseando-se na quantização de descritores locais discriminantes por um dicionário, e na agregação desses descritores quantizados em um vetor único, o modelo saco de palavras surgiu como uma das abordagens mais promissora para a classificação de imagens. Nesta tese, é proposto BossaNova, uma nova representação de imagens que preserva informações importantes sobre a distribuição dos descritores locais em torno de cada palavra visual. Os resultados experimentais em diversas bases de classificação de images, tais como ImageCLEF Photo Annotation, MIRFLICKR, PASCAL VOC e 15-Scenes, mostraram a vantagem da abordagem BossaNova quando comparada às técnicas tradicionais, mesmo sem fazer uso de combinações complexas de diferentes descritores locais. Uma extensão da representação BossaNova também foi estudada nesta tese. Trata-se da combinação da abordagem BossaNova com uma outra representação muito competitiva baseada nos vetores de Fisher. Os resultados consistemente alcançam outras representações no estado-da-arte em diversas bases de dados, demonstrando a complementaridade das duas abordagens. Este estudo resultou no segundo lugar, na competição ImageCLEF 2012 Flickr Photo Annotation Task, dentre as 28 submissões, na categoria de informação visual. Ademais, a representação BossaNova também foi avaliada na aplicação real de detecção de pornografia. Os resultados validaram, mais uma vez, a relevância da abordagem BossaNova em relação às técnicas tradicionais em uma aplicação real
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Luster, Craig. "Seed Pods, Bases and Formalism: An Artist's Journey." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5259.
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A sculpture can offer visual information that is simple or complex. The work can present only a single facet to ponder or deal with all facets equally polished and linked. There can be enough information to arrange in an order that reads as narrative. All is possible but, without question, the more complex the sculpture, the more information given, the greater the challenge to the artist to make a coherent and interesting whole of everything being presented. The body of work presented in my thesis show represents the outcome of exploring a chain of questions about sculpture. The first question was simply how to present a sculpture of a seed pod. This question led to inquiring what the base could do for the sculpture. Next came a study of the artwork of Constantin Brancusi. I realized that he had used formal qualities of sculpture to link his bases and sculptures, so I wondered about the ability of formal qualities to solve my base/sculpture problems. All of the work was completed with the intent of expanding my personal sculptural lexicon. I also intended to develop a store of knowledge that allowed free use of multiple artistic concepts. The hope was that what was being communicated through a sculpture would be sufficiently complex that a viewer would be intrigued into considering all the possible implications of the visual information.
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GIACCONE, PAOLO. "BLACK HOLES IN SUPERGRAVITY AND HAMILTON-JACOBI FORMALISM." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2506153.
Full textAbstract:
In my thesis we have addressed the issue of the first order description of generic stationary axisymmetric black holes in supergravity. To this the end we extended the extend the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism from mechanical models, whose degrees of freedom depend on just one variable, to field theories where the degrees of freedom depend on two or more variables. This problem was addressed and developed in generality in field theory, but not much was known in the context of gravitational field theories. An important issue in this thesis was to apply such extended formalism to the study of black holes.
We have worked with the so-called De Donder-Weyl-Hamilton-Jacobi (DWHJ) theory, which is the simplest extension of the classical Hamilton-Jacobi approach in mechanics. One important difference with respect to the case of classical mechanics consists in the replacement of the Hamilton principal function S, directly related to the fake-superpotential of static black holes, with a Hamilton principal 1-form, which is a covariant vector Si.
The application of this formalism to the description of axisymmetric solutions black holes required working out the general form of the principal functions Sm associated with the corresponding effective 2D sigma-model in the DWHJ setting. We have also given a characterization of the general properties of such solutions with respect to the global symmetry group of the effective 2D sigma-model which describes them. This was done by introducing, aside from the Nöther charge matrix, a further characteristic constant matrix Qψ, in the Lie algebra of G(3), the global symmetry properties of affine solutions 2D model, associated with the rotational motion of the black hole.
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OLIVERA, M. LEONI. "APPLIED N=2 SUPERSPACE FORMALISM IN THREE DIMENSIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/153036.
Full textAbstract:
The three dimensional N = 6 Chern-Simons-Matter theory admits a superspace formulation. In particular, a similar formalism to the very well known four dimensional
N = 1 superspace formalism exists. This is the three dimensional N = 2 formalism which can be thought as a complexification of the three dimensional N = 1 formalism.
In this formalism, only the N = 2 supersymmetry is realized off-shell and more extended supersymmetries may be completely hidden or may be realized as flavor symmetries which do not commute with the supercharges. There are two main advantages of this formalism over the field theory approach which are immediately observed. Firstly, ultraviolet convergence of the diagrams is improved, and it is possible to derive many non-renormalization theorems for particular or general situations due to this improvement. Secondly, for any given calculation which can be compared to an equivalent field theory calculation, the amount of diagrams which are necessary to be calculated is dramatically reduced.
One of the advantages of the component approach over the superspace approach is that, due to arguments alla Poggio-Quinn, since the component approach has only classically marginal couplings, it is known to be infrared safe. In the superspace approach, these arguments are no longer valid and either d = 4 super Yang-Mills theories formulated in N = 1 superspace or d = 3 Chern-Simons theories formulated in N = 2 superspace are plagued by infrared infinities. These infrared divergencies are an artifact of the formalism and are due to the gauge propagator structure. In the most studied case, which is N = 4 super Yang-Mills in N = 1 superspace, this infrared divergencies can be hidden with a safe gauge choice, but this is not the case for more general Yang-Mills theories. As we will show in this work, the Yang-Mills propagator emerges in quantum loop corrections of Chern-Simons theories and produces the same problem of infrared divergencies as in four dimensions.
This whole thesis work is devoted to the application of N = 2 superspace techniques in general and in particular to the recent and highly interesting N = 6 supersymmetric Chern-Simons-matter theory. We detail the main characteristics of the formalism itself, we motivate Chern-Simons theories and we formulate its supersymmetric version. We review the application of the formalism to the calculation of super-Feynman diagrams, the general arguments of renormalization properties, and as a working example we study the two-loop renormalization of the gauge sector with and without matter.
Then, we review the infrared flow of mass deformed N = 4 Yang-Mills theory to N = 3 Chern-Simons theory so as to derive the construction of ABJ(M) theory. Its full
superspace and component formulations are given and compared and the relevance of this theory as a gauge dual of M-theory is discussed. After that, we study in deepness the problem of infrared divergencies of the formalism by calculating some of its Green functions. We provide a solution to this problem by proposing a non-canonical gauge fixing procedure and we show it at work. Finally we display the full power of the formalism by calculating the four-loop correction of the anomalous dimension of long operators which are relevant in the AdS/CFT context.
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Vassura, Edoardo. "Path integrals on curved space and the worldline formalism." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13448/.
Full textAbstract:
Lo scopo primario di questa tesi e' l’analisi di una nuova procedura di regolarizzazione di path integral su spazi curvi, presentata inizialmente dal fisico J. Guven e applicata al caso di una teoria di campo scalare , ma mai utilizzata per svolgere ulteriori calcoli espliciti. Questa procedura, se corretta, permetterebbe di utilizzare il formalismo di path integral su spazi piatti anche nel caso in cui la varieta' di background risulti localmente curva. Tale procedura trasforma di fatto un modello sigma non lineare in un modello efficace lineare, permettando pertanto di aggirare le usuali complicazioni dovute alla generalizzazione di path integral. Una prova diretta della correttezza della procedura di Guven sembra mancare in letteratura: per questo motivo in questa tesi verranno eseguiti vari test volti a tale verifica. Alcuni errori sono stati riscontrati nella proposta iniziale, tra i quali un termine di potenziale che risulta essere non corretto. Ad ogni modo siamo stati in grado di identificare un potenziale che permetta di riprodurre correttamente i primi due coefficienti dell’espansione in serie dell’heat kernel. Utilizzando lo stesso metodo abbiamo poi cercato di ottenere il successivo coefficiente dell’espansione (cubico in termini di curvatura): il risultato ottenuto non risulta essere corretto, cosa che segnala il fallimento di tale metodo ad ordini superiori. Visti tali risultati preliminari, siamo stati indotti a considerare una classe speciale di spazi curvi, quella degli spazi massimamente simmetrici, trovando invece che su tali spazi la procedura di Guven riproduce i risultati corretti. Come verifica abbiamo ottenuto la parte diagonale dell’heat kernel, che ́ stata poi utilizzata per riprodurre l’anomalia di traccia di tipo A per campi scalari in dimensioni arbitrarie fino a D = 12. Questi risultati sono in accordo con quelli attesi. Viene pertanto fornita una prova della validita' di tale procedura su questi spazi.
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Schlör, Rainer C. "Symbolic timing diagrams a visual formalism for model verification /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963925326.
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Zeb, Jehan. "An ontology-supported transaction formalism protocol in infrastructure management." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50997.
Full textAbstract:
Infrastructure organizations use diversified information systems to exchange data (transaction). Presently, data exchange in the area of infrastructure management is accomplished in a manual and ad hoc basis. The growing trend is to transform these manual data exchanges to a computer-to-computer based transactions. The core research questions include:
What transactions are candidates to formalize?—this question is dealt with identifying and selecting a potential transaction for IT improvement—Asset Inventory and Condition Assessment Reporting/Tangible Capital Asset (AI&CAR/TCA) Reporting.
Why formalize transactions?”—this question is dealt with developing and applying an Infrastructure Management—Process Maturity Model to assess the degree to which work processes and communications are formalized in infrastructure management. The results indicate that the work processes and communications are currently performed on an ad hoc basis.
How to formalize and manage transactions?— this question is dealt with developing and applying an ontology-supported Transaction Formalism Protocol (TFP), which is composed of two parts: ontology and protocol. Two ontologies, the Transaction Domain Ontology and Tangible Capital Asset ontology, were developed to represent transaction domain knowledge and Tangible Capital Asset knowledge respectively to support the design, management, and implementation of transactions in infrastructure management. Moreover, an eight-step procedure—the TFP was developed from two perspectives: The TFP Specification modeled each step of the protocol as a function for which inputs, controls, mechanisms, tools/techniques, and outputs were defined, whereas the TFP Tool includes a set of forms and guidance developed for specific steps of the protocol.
The proposed TFP was applied to develop transaction specification for the AI&CAR/TCA Reporting, which was managed and implemented through developing the Infrastructure Transaction Management Portal and Asset Information Integrator System repectively.
The evaluation results indicate that both the ontologies are consistent, concise, complete, correct, and clear. Similarly, the protocol was found to be feasible, usable, useful, and generic. The major contributions include the development of two ontologies and protocol, whereas the medium contributions are: IT use survey, development of the IM-PMM, portal, and asset integrator information system. The minor contribution; however, includes the development of the transaction specification for the AI&CAR/TCA Reporting.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Barnich, Glenn. "Classical and quantum aspects of the extended antifield formalism." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211778.
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Raab, Erik. "Leading Regge trajectory bosons in the pure spinor formalism." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-349418.
Full textAbstract:
We use a map introduced by Berkovits to determine the first levels of the theta-expansion of vertex operators for leading Regge trajectory bosons in the pure spinor formalism. This expansion is then used to confirm that in the pure spinor formalism, the 3-point disc scattering of any leading Regge trajectory bosons reproduces the corresponding Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz result found by Schlotterer.