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Horton, Timothy James. "The formal structure of tonal theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284030.
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This thesis is concerned with the form of our mental representations of tonal pitch structure. It examines some of the considerations that are relevant to determining the form of such representations and, drawing upon some ideas from formal language theory, it outlines an elementary theory based upon these considerations. It is suggested that the goal of cognitivist tonal theory must be to account for the productivity and systematicity of our total cognition, a claim that has important ramifications for the architecture of the representational system involved. In particular, it requires that we describe tonal structure in terms of a finite set of primitives and a finite set of principles for combining them into larger structures, that is, in a way that explicitly recognises their combinatorial organisation. It also requires that we acknowledge the compositionality of tonal structures, namely, the way in which the nature of complex constructions is determined by the nature of their constituent parts and the syntactic principles by which these are combined. Following an examination of the plausible candidates, it is proposed that harmonic functions constitute the primitive vocabulary of the syntactic structure of tonal music. This involves a detailed investigation of the nature of harmonic function and a reformation of the concept in cognitivist terms. This reformulations, in turn, permits a study of how harmonic function interacts with the hierarchical organisation of tonal structure, where it is demonstrated that harmonic function has the potential to form the basis of dependency relations in tonal music. The range of possible functional categories is also considered, and some suggestions made as to how the traditional system of three functions might plausibly be extended. The types of structural relation that underlie the hierarchical organisation of tonal music are also a major focus of this thesis. The syntactic relations of constituency and dependency are discussed, and their manifestation in tonal music is examined in detail. Here it is argued that our mental representations of tonal structure must explicitly encode constituency, and thus a descriptively adequate form of tonal theory must be a combinatorial syntax.
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Landy, David. "Formal notations as diagrams of abstract structure." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278244.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Computer Science and Cognitive Science, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 11, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 6350. Advisers: Robert L. Goldstone; Michael Gasser.
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Joost, Katrin. "Formal ontology : the dynamic structure of Husserl's phenomenology." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413535.
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Bereza, Sarah. "Formularity and Formal Structure in the Old Beneventan Chant." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1312392657.
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Podiacki, Rodrigo. "Logicas da inconsistencia formal quantificadas." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281585.
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Orientador: Walter CarnielliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T05:55:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Podiacki_Rodrigo_M.pdf: 538726 bytes, checksum: 3a51529177d89ce92122bde746a321c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver uma semântica correta e completa para uma classe de lógicas de primeira ordem conhecidas como Lógicas da Inconsistência Formal (LIFs). Após uma elucidação geral sobre semânticas paraconsistentes e de primeira ordem, uma LIF particular, chamada QmbC, será caracterizada axiomaticamente. Em seguida será construída uma semÂntica que se demonstrará correta e completa para a LIF em questão. Por fim, uma série de LIFs com propriedades sintáticas interessantes serão caracterizadas axiomaticamente, e será visto como a semântica construída para QmbC pode ser estendida para todas essas lógicas.
Abstract: This dissertation aims to develop a sound and complete semantics for a class of first-order logics known as Logics of Formal Inconsistency (LFIs). After general explanation about paraconsistent and first-order semantics, a particular LFI, labeled QmbC, will be characterized by means of an axiom system. Then a sound and complete semantics for it will be constructed. Finally, a variety of LFIs having nice syntactic properties will be axiomatically defined, and it will be shown how the semantics proposed for QmbC can be extended for all these logics.
Mestrado
Filosofia
Mestre em Filosofia
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Jarvis, Brian Edward. "Formal Structure in Puccini's Suor Angelica: Expanding Hepokoski's Rotational Analysis." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1307806816.
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Bischoff, Shannon T. "Functional Forms-Formal Functions: An Account of Coeur d'Alene Clause Structure." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194692.
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Coeur d'Alene, also known as Snchitsu'umshtsn, is a Southern Interior Salishan language no longer learned by children. Descriptive work on the language has been carried out since the early nineteenth-century (Tiet 1904 through 1909 in Boaz and Tiet 1930; Reichard 1927-29, 1938, 1939; Doak 1997); however, a formal account of the basic clause structure of this polysynthetic language has until now not been proposed. This thesis presents such a formal analysis within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995, 1998, 2000, 2001a, 2001b; Lasnik 1999a, 1999b, 2000; among others), employing the tenets of Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993; Harley and Noyer 1999; among others). Demonstrating that an analysis of person marking morphemes as bound pronouns (Jelinek 1984) is more "economical" in terms of Chomsky's (1995:367)Elementary Principles of Economy, the thesis goes on to account for the phenomena of lexical affixation (Carlson 1990; Kinkade 1998; Gerdts 2003; among others), in Coeur d'Alene as incorporation. Appealing to Hale and Keyser's (2002) theory of conflation as Head-movement (Harley 2004), an approach to incorporation is proposed which captures Chomsky's (1995) claim that head-movement is phonological while at the same time illustrating that lexical affixes in Coeur d'Alene serve as incorporated arguments. The thesis concludes with an articulation of the left periphery (material above vP here), based on the strict ordering of a series of mood, adverbial, model, and aspectual particles. It is shown that this articulation in Coeur d'Alene patterns with Cinque's (1999) proposed universal hierarchy of functional and adverbial heads. In this way, the basic clause structure of Coeur d'Alene is formally presented
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Nguyen, Manh Hung. "A logical framework for Trust-Related emotions : formal and behavioral results." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20090.
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Svensson, Tina. "Behovet av en genomtänkt kommunikationsstruktur- en studie av ett projektorienterat företag." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93442.
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Every organization goes through the same lifecycle. Through every step in the transformation to a better organization the communication structure changes. In this report there are examples of the communicational disadvantages that is connected to the communicational structure.By choosing to not have a formal communicational design, the manager takes a risk in spreading the information, the interaction, the control and the balance in creativity and constraint.This case organizations problem is that some parts of the organization has made more progress in the communicational structure than other parts. In this case the Collectivity structure has met the Formalized structure.Tha structural differences has came to affect the way of sharing information and it has become a situation where the information about the products is not stored in a safe way from a quality point of view. There is a gap between the two different ways of communicate.In this report I have created a model to identify problems in the communication structure. This is a tool to study the rest of the organization. This model is general and may be used on any organization.En organisation genomgår olika livscykler. Genom varje steg i utvecklingen förändras organisationens kommunikationsstruktur. I den här rapporten finns exempel på de kommunikativa brister som uppkommit på grund av brister i den kommunikativa strukturen.Genom att inte ha en kommunikationsdesign för den formella kommunikationen utsätter ledningen organisationen för risker i informationsspridning, interaktion, kontroll och balans.Den studerade organisationen har kommit obalans genom att vissa avdelningar har kommit längre i sitt arbete med att formalisera och strukturera sitt arbete, medan andra avdelningar inte har haft samma strukturella utveckling. Interaktionen mellan dessa avdelningar har därför blivit en kommunikativ kulturkrock, där den Kollektiviserade strukturen möter den Formaliserade strukturen.De strukturella skillnaderna genomsyrar även avdelningarnas arbetssätt och innebär en brist ur kvalitetssynpunkt, då de båda strukturerna inte är överlappande.I rapporten har även en modell för att identifiera kommunikativa brister framtagits, för att caseföretaget ska kunna arbeta vidare med andra delar av organisationen och utreda sin kommunikativa struktur ytterligare. Modellen är av allmän karaktär och kan appliceras på en godtycklig organisation.
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Estabrooks, Carole Anne. "Research utilization in nursing, an examination of formal structure and influencing factors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21566.pdf.
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Metz, Andreas. "Temporality, pace, and formal structure in selected passages from Brahms's Adagio Genre." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619939.
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The slow instrumental movement emerged as a distinct genre during the second half of the nineteenth century largely because of its association with introspection, spirituality, and compositional techniques capable of suggesting endless melody. This dissertation proposes that the adagio genre owes its special aesthetic quality not only to tempo, acquired connotations, and melodic design but also to subtle temporal fluctuations at and beneath the musical surface. To identify and interpret such fluctuations the study relies on pace analysis. Pace is understood as the regular succession of coordinated linearly significant melodic and harmonic events, so-called pace events. Temporal fluctuation arises when pace events occur earlier or later than expected.
The analytical approach featured here bears similarities with that Channan Willner proposes in his dissertation "Durational Pacing in Handel's Instrumental Works" (2005). It relies on an understanding of phrase structure as discussed in William Caplin's Classical Form (1998) and traces the basic and grouping paces in opening themes of Brahms's instrumental works to identify instances of durational manipulation. Individually and collectively, instances of the durational manipulation of pace events can give rise to lines of motion that through their suggestion of dynamic natural movement enhance the continuous quality of the music, render time available to consciousness, and thereby promote an introspective mode of listening. The analysis of pace and durational manipulation is demonstrated on four opening themes. My interpretation of three of these themes indicates that the skillful and strategic durational manipulation of pace events can facilitate the expression of a wide range of thoughts and emotions within the general context of introspection and spirituality. These include subconscious emotional conflict (Op. 78), self-effacement as a form of absolution from earthly burdens (Op. 83), and nostalgic reminiscence (Op. 102).
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Susanni, Paolo. "The musical language and formal structure of Bartók's Sonata for piano (1926)." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3023562.
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Lin, Sheng. "Ran, Shulamit: Concerto da Camera II, Analysis of Pitch and Formal Structure." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2518/.
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The thesis speculates upon the three movements of Concerto da Camera II (1987), scored for Bb clarinet, string quartet and piano) in these four aspects: 1) the formal structure, 2) the manipulation of the notes of whole-tone, octatonic, and chromatic scales in octave displacement, 3) the potential combination of subsets that present different levels of pitch transformation in melodic and harmonic structure, and 4) the usage of intervals of minor seconds, tritones, and perfect fourths or fifths which dominates the linear writing. All of these features demonstrate that the music has strong structural elements in form, motives, and sonorities, which unify the piece in an aurally coherent style as an organic whole.
This study should provide more insight into the understanding of Ran's unique compositional technique and style.
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Douglas, James Maxwell Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "Pictures and page numbers - image, text and formal structure in the visual book and the artist's book." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Art, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23945.
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Within the realm of artists' book works there are few that could not be said to display a fundamental concern with the physicality of the book. The mechanics of page turning are integrally implied in any artist's decision to utilise the book form. Indeed, artists' books emphasise the ability of book forms, and of text and language, to acquire meaning through form and structure alone. The physical and conceptual mechanics, or syntax, of the book - whose basis lies as much in the formal, functional dictates of the book's material characteristics, as in centuries of entrenched tradition in page layout and book design - affords a spatial, sculptural and temporal framework whose manipulation may be effortlessly and subconsciously 'read' by the viewer, according to their inherent understanding and appreciation of the form's conceptual function and operation. But while the structural connotations of the book suggest that special kind of decipherment known as 'reading', the broader associations of the book's mythic, iconic and historic symbolism may be equally unavoidable. The book works comprising the research that this paper accompanies therefore aim, on the one hand, to explore the formal, structural physicality and spatiality of the book as both a self-contained sculptural platform and as a particular sort of collection, or series, of visual imagery, while on the other hand, seeking to address the psychological form of the book as an iconic, symbolic object, and to simulate something of the character of the unique, precious and mythic books of the past. Thus it has been an attempt to deal with abstract notions of pattern and structure, as well as with the mental frameworks of association and connotation surrounding the visual modes adopted to represent these structures. The project presents an integrated and interrelated series of unique, hand-made book works that are about books - or perhaps a particular kind of 'bookishness' - a collection which aims to be physically very real, but at the same time completely mythical, and in whose volumes the common conceptual and aesthetic reference is the inherent, traditional austerity of the book page, and the simultaneous conceptual movement and structural dynamics of the mechanical book form.
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Petersen, Hans-Georg, and Atanas Naydenov. "The tax and social contribution system in Bulgaria : formal structure and possible impacts." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4888/.
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Like in all countries in transition, the tax as well as the transfer system have been under serious reform pressures. The socialistic systems were not able to fulfill the necessary functions in providing a certain degree of redistribution and social security, which are inevitable for social oriented market economies. Increasing income and wage differentiation is one of the most important prerequisites for a market oriented ability to pay tax system. But in the transformation period, numerous quasi-legal or even illegal property transactions have taken place, thus leading to wealth concentrations on the one hand while as consequence of the bankruptcy of socialism, enormous poverty problems have arisen on the other.
For the political acceptance of the transformation process it is of utmost importance that an efficient and fair tax system is implemented and social security is organised by the state on a level which secures at least the physical minimum of subsistence or – if economically possible – even a social-cultural minimum. Whether the state should go further in providing compulsory social insurance systems has been a hotly debated topic for decades even in the welfare and social states of the Western type. Whereas the basic security systems have to be financed by general tax revenue, for a compulsory social insurance system – due to the insurance character – special earmarked social security contribution are held necessary. Both public goods and services as well as at least basic security have to be financed by total tax revenue. For the acceptance and fairness of the whole system the total redistributive effect of both sides of the budget – the tax system as well as the expenditure system – are decisive.
In this paper we will concentrate on the revenue side, e.g. on the taxes as well as on the social security contributions. Adam Smith had already formulated some very simple tax norms which have been transformed in modern tax theory. The equivalence as well as the ability-topay principle are basic yardsticks for every tax system in a democratic oriented market system, not to forget tax fairness. In the historical development process equity-oriented measures have often produced an enormous complexity of the single taxes as well as of the whole tax system. Therefore, reconsidering the Smithian principles of simplicity and of minimum compliance costs for the tax payer would even press many Western European tax systems to undergo serious reform processes which often are delayed because of intense interest group influence.
Hence, a modern tax system is a simple one which consists only of a few single taxes which are easy to administer. Such a system consists of two main taxes, the income and the value added tax. Consequently in all countries of transition both taxes have been implemented, while the implementation was fostered by the fact that both also constitute the typical components of the EU member states systems. Therefore such a harmonising tax reform is the most important prerequisite to become a membership candidate. Bulgaria also tried to follow this general pattern in reforming the income tax system starting in 1992 and replacing the old socialistic turnover tax and excise duty system by the value added tax (VAT) in 1994. Especially with regard to the income tax system the demand for simplicity has not been met yet. Complex rules to define the tax base as well as a steeply progressive tax schedule have led to behavioral adaptations which are even strengthened by the effects of a high social contribution burden which is predominantly laid on the employers. In the following some concise descriptions of the tax and social contribution system are given; the paper closes with a summary, in which the impacts of the system are evaluated and some political recommendations for further reforms are presented.
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Irvine, Catherine Anne. "The interrelations of formal structure, harmony, register, and instrumentation in Messiaen's Un sourire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0007/MQ42074.pdf.
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Stamatopoulou, Ioanna. "A formal framework for the modelling of multi-agent systems with dynamic structure." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500182.
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Reutter, Juan L. "Graph patterns : structure, query answering and applications in schema mappings and formal language theory." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8931.
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Graph data appears in a variety of application domains, and many uses of it, such as querying, matching, and transforming data, naturally result in incompletely specified graph data, i.e., graph patterns. Queries need to be posed against such data, but techniques for querying patterns are generally lacking, and even simple properties of graph patterns, such as the languages needed to specify them, are not well understood. In this dissertation we present several contributions in the study of graph patterns. We analyze how to query them and how to use them as queries. We also analyze some of their applications in two different contexts: schema mapping specification and data exchange for graph databases, and formal language theory. We first identify key features of patterns, such as node and label variables and edges specified by regular expressions, and define a classification of patterns based on them. Next we study how to answer standard graph queries over graph patterns, and give precise characterizations of both data and combined complexity for each class of patterns. If complexity is high, we do further analysis of features that lead to intractability, as well as lower-complexity restrictions that guarantee tractability. We then turn to the the study of schema mappings for graph databases. As for relational and XML databases, our mapping languages are based on patterns. They subsume all previously considered mapping languages for graph databases, and are capable of expressing many data exchange scenarios in the graph database context. We study the problems of materializing solutions and query answering for data exchange under these mappings, analyze their complexity, and identify relevant classes of mappings and queries for which these problems can be solved efficiently. We also introduce a new model of automata that is based on graph patterns, and define two modes of acceptance for them. We show that this model has applications not only in graph databases but in several other contexts. We study the basic properties of such automata, and the key computational tasks associated with them.
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Hwang, So Myung (Sonia). "Stylistic Elements within the Texture and Formal Structure of Ernst von Dohnányi's Four Rhapsodies, op. 11." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28434/.
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Hungarian pianist, composer, conductor, teacher and administrator, Ernst von Dohnányi (Ernö Dohnányi in Hungarian), was considered one of the most versatile musicians and the first architect of Hungary's musical culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century. Dohnányi composed the Four Rhapsodies, op. 11, between 1902 and 1903, and among his many piano compositions, op. 11 are regarded as some of his most substantial works. Without directly imitating the earlier works of Liszt and Brahms, Dohnányi contributed to the rhapsody tradition with op. 11 by using his own unique stylistic compositional elements in the textural and formal structure. Texture and form are the most indicative characteristics of his rhapsodic language because of the improvisational nature that permeates his compositional style in the rhapsodies. In this dissertation the works are examined from within its textural and formal structure. Within texture, rhythm and accompanimental figurations are examined. Each rhapsody's structural organization, including references to eighteenth-century forms, and the cyclical elements in the work is analyzed. Background information on Dohnányi and a brief history of the rhapsody in the 19th century is also included.
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Segon, Michael John. "Institutionalising ethical cultures: an investigation of formal organisational approaches." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16179/.
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This thesis examined the institutionalisation of ethics within Australian organisations. A particular focus is the role of the strategic apex, or executive level of the organisation, in establishing the environment in which an ethical culture can develop. The literature review examined both organisational theory and existing approaches to developing organisational ethical culture using formal mechanisms such as written policies, procedures, training and development and reinforcement strategies. This revealed the polarisation of ethics literature between compliance and integrity based approaches. This is seen to be consistent with only two forms of organizations, the mechanistic and organic structures. This was identified as a major flaw in ethics literature as it does not inform organisations about appropriate ethical design for organisations that fall in between this continuum. The review of organisational theory concluded that components of organisational structure are used to discuss organisational moral responsibility and are also the components of the compliance and integrity approaches to organisational ethics. A tentative hypothesis was established that organisational ethics systems would be more effective if they are in fit with an organisation's structure. The study utilised a qualitative case based research method, argued as appropriate given the focus being strategic alignment of organisational structure and ethics frameworks. Thus was also recognised as having limitations, specifically not addressing the behavioural impact of such strategies in a significant way. The study examined the ethical frameworks of three large organisations. This included: an analysis of background to the ethics strategy, the design process, who was given responsibility for design and implementation of the framework. The major characteristics of the program was considered, how it was encultured throughout the organisation and consideration of any evaluation mechanism. This was contrasted against the organization's structural characteristics to establish whether the ethical framework was in fit with the structure of the organization. The analysis and discussion identified that senior management support was evident in all three case studies and crucial to the development of an ethical culture. Extensive written policies (codes of ethics and conduct) were identified in all three cases; however, the extent of appropriate support systems determined the degree to which these policies were effective. There was a general lack of understanding of ethical systems within the organisation with little expertise evident by those responsible for the programs in terms of appropriate strategies for enculturation. Ineffective strategies were mainly due to lack of appropriate support mechanisms (communication, training, reinforcement and reward and review) or inconsistency between support mechanisms and other organisational policies A major conclusion of the thesis is that the strategies used for enculturation of ethics, are basic organisational design variables. As such ethical frameworks need to be informed by organisational theory so as to design systems that achieve fit which leads to greater effectiveness.
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Jurevičiūtė, Viktorija. "Oficialios ir socialios hierarchijos ryšys organizacijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20140627_164200-44738.
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Magistro darbo objektas - organizacinė struktūra kaip esminis indikatorius ryšio tarp oficialios ir socialinės hierarchijos identifikavimui. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti, koks yra ryšys tarp oficialios ir socialinės hierarchijos organizacijoje. Siekiant nurodyto tikslo iškelti tokie uždaviniai: išsiaiškinti grupės narių tarpusavio susigrupavimo organizacijoje svarbą; nustatyti vadovo bei lyderio daromą įtaką grupei ir organizacijos hierarchinei struktūrai; išanalizuoti pasitenkinimo darbu svarbą organizacijos hierarchinei struktūrai; ištirti koks yra ryšys tarp oficialios ir socialinės hierarchijos pasirinktose organizacijose ir koks šių hierarchijų ryšys su pasitenkinimu darbu. Išanalizavus pagrindinę literatūrą, taikant alternatyvų ir analogijų metodus teorinių socialinių tinklų koncepcijų analizėje, prieita prie išvados, kad draugystė yra labai stiprus pagrindas ne tik socialinei bet ir oficialiai hierarchijai. Taikant apibendrinamosios abstrakcijos metodą pastebėta, jog pasitenkinimas savo darbu organizacijoje dar negarantuoja, kad grupės nariai norės siekti geresnių rezultatų bei aukštesnių tikslų, pavyzdžiui, aukštesnio hierarchinio statuso oficialioje organizacijos hierarchijoje. Analizuojant vadovo bei lyderio daromą įtaką organizacijoje susiklostančioms hierarchijoms, lyginant jo vadovavimo stilių poveikį grupės nariams, atkreiptas dėmesys į esminius būtinus sėkmingo darbo elementus - t.y. aukščiausioje hierarchinėje pozicijoje esančio asmens... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the formal and social hierarchy interaction within organization. The study investigates organizational stucture as the main indicator of the formal and social hierarchy interaction. In this paper the significance of the formal and informal groups, the importance job satisfaction, the leader’s influence for the gruop members and for the social hierarchy in organization are analysed. The author highlights how social hierarchy (interaction among all memebers including the leader of organization) is developing with the leadership style. The author emphasizes the importance of the leaders‘ centrality in the internal friendship networks, which is related to objective measures of group performance and their reputation for the leadership among different organizational constituencies. After revising previous articles researches the importance of the social networks in a various levels of hierarchy is revealed. The study investigates how person‘s centrality in the external and internal social networks is related to the social structure in organization. The paper provides results of empirical research Formal and Social Hierarchy Interaction within Organization. The results reveal that there is a strong interaction between formal leader and social leader in the system of hierarchy. Furthermore, the importance of job satisfaction has a week reletionship with formal and social hierarchies in organizations. The study suggest the... [to full text]
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Stewart, Dianne. "Client concentration and its impact on size, structure, and formal links, on the Mexican banking system, 1932-1982." Thesis, University of East London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265083.
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Diwan, Sadhna. "Effects of historical periods on the structure of formal and informal care to noninstitutionalized elderly in an urban area." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055871065.
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Hsu, Ting Chen Leo. "Formal-local structure of the Hilbert scheme of points on three-dimensional complex affine space around special monomial ideals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57843.
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We show that the formal completion of the Hilbert scheme of points in ℂ³ at subschemes carved out by powers of the maximal ideal corresponding to the origin is given as the critical locus of a homogeneous cubic function. In particular, the Hilbert scheme is formal-locally a cone around these distinguished points.Science, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
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Nishi, Juliana Mayumi. "Estrutura formal e redes sociais informais: um estudo comparativo entre organização pública e privada." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4690.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe aim of this multi-cases study was to analise the influence of formal structure in the emergence of Informal Social Networks in public and private organizations. The study was carried out in a public and a private school in order to determine the implications, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals inserted in the two contrasting situations. Regarding the nature of the investigation, this is a qualitative and quantitative research and the nature of the study outlines a descriptive approach. To define the organizational structure and the formal relationships of the schools we analyzed documents, performed interviews and made observations. For the mapping and characterization of Informal Social Networks of Information, Friendship and Trust, we used the questionnaire by Kuipers (1999) and Silva (2003), and results were obtained by Ucinet 6.0 software in parallel with NetDraw. Sixty-six employees of the public school were identified as types of flowers and seventy-three employees of the private school were called by names of Brazilian trees. In order to understand the reasons that justify the citation of a specific actor, a semi-structured interview based on Sozen (2012) was performed with all participants. The data analysis was divided into three categories: dependence, motives, and consequences of non-relationship. This way, we could observe the relationship between macro-structural and micro-behavioral power based on the counting of words using the NVivo and SAS softwares. Through the degree of centralization of Informal Social Networks it was possible to identify the central actors and their roles according to the classification of Cross and Prusak (2002). The main findings revealed that the networks of both schools analyzed showed a high potential for relationships to be developed. The size and density of the Informal Social Networks of Information and Trust were higher in the private school, whereas the Informal Social Networks of Friendship was higher in the public school. Although the public school used more informal contacts, the private school had a larger number of groups and cohesive subgroups. We, therefore, verified the influence of the formal structure in the formation of informal relationships, mainly in the private school; however, the strengthening of connections is not only sustained by the duties of the position, but also by the personal qualities of those actors.
O presente estudo de multicasos teve como objetivo analisar a influência da estrutura formal no surgimento de Redes Sociais Informais em organizações pública e privada. Optou-se pela pesquisa ser em escolas dos setores público e privado a fim de constatar as implicações, atitudes e condutas dos indivíduos inseridos nas duas situações contrastantes. Dessa forma, no que tange o caráter da investigação, trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa e quanto à natureza do estudo delineia uma abordagem descritiva. Para definir a estrutura organizacional e as relações formais das escolas foram utilizadas as análises de documentos, entrevistas e observações da pesquisadora. Para o mapeamento e caracterização das Redes Sociais Informais de Informação, Amizade e Confiança foi aplicado o questionário de Kuipers (1999) e Silva (2003), sendo os resultados obtidos pelo software Ucinet 6.0 em paralelo com o NetDraw, cujos sessenta e seis colaboradores da Escola Pública foram codificados por tipos de flores, e os setenta e três funcionários da Escola Privada denominados por árvores de nacionalidade brasileira. A fim de compreender as razões que justificam a citação de determinado ator, foi realizada entrevista semi-estruturada, baseada em Sozen (2012), com todos os participantes. A análise dos dados foi dividida em três categorias, sendo elas, dependência, motivos e consequências do não relacionamento, de modo a observar as relações de poder macro-estrutural e micro-comportamental existentes por meio da contagem de palavras por meio dos softwares NVivo e SAS. A partir dos graus de centralidades das Redes Sociais Informais identificaram-se os atores centrais e os papéis desempenhados de acordo com a classificação de Cross e Prusak (2002). Os principais resultados encontrados expõem que as redes das duas escolas analisadas denotam um alto potencial de relacionamento a ser desenvolvido. O tamanho e densidade das Redes Sociais Informais de Informação e Confiança foram maiores na Escola Privada, e a Rede Social Informal de Amizade foi superior na Escola Pública. Apesar de a Escola Pública utilizar mais contatos informais, a Escola Privada apresenta um maior número de grupos e subgrupos coesos. Confirma-se, portanto, a influência da estrutura formal na formação das relações informais, principalmente na Escola Privada, todavia, o fortalecimento dos laços não está sustentado apenas pelas atribuições do cargo, mas também pelas qualidades pessoais desses atores.
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Ripoche, Julien. "Projected Bogoliubov Many-Body Perturbation Theory : Overcoming formal and technical challenges." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS325.
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Étant donnée l’interaction entre les nucléons,la résolution de l’équation de Schrödinger à A corps permet d’accéder aux propriétés des états quantiques des noyaux. La théorie des perturbations à N corps (MBPT) basée sur un état de champ moyen d’Hartree-Fock permet de traiter les corrélations dynamiques mises en jeu dans les noyaux à doubles couches fermées. Au-delà des fermetures de couches, la brisure spontanée de la symétrie U(1)associée à la conservation du nombre de protons et de neutrons permet en sus l’inclusion des corrélations statiques au niveau du champ moyen et la formulation de la théorie des perturbations à N corps de Bogoliubov (BMBPT). Néanmoins, les résultats des calculs BMBPT présentent des contaminations du fait que la brisure de symétrie n’est qu’émergente dans les systèmes quantiques finis tels que le noyau atomique. Ainsi, la restauration de la symétrie U(1) au-delà du champ moyen est nécessaire pour une description correcte et donne lieuà la formulation de la méthode BMBPT projetée(PBMBPT). Le but est d’implémenter PBMBPTafin d’effectuer des calculs ab initio pour les noyaux à couche ouverte et de masse intermédiaire. Le présent travail apporte des solutions systématiques aux problèmes formels et techniques qui se posent lorsde l’implémentation numérique de PBMBPT : une méthode automatique et sûre permettant de générer les diagrammes PBMBPT ainsi que les expressions correspondantes, un formalisme permettant de calculer d’autres observables que l’énergie, une extension de l’approximation en produit normal aux méthodes avec brisures de symétries ainsi qu’un outil automatique et sûr de réduction sphérique de réseaux de tenseursGiven elementary inter-nucleon interactions,the resolution of the A-body Schrödinger equation gives access to the properties of the nuclear eigenstates. Many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) based on a Hartree-Fock mean field allows one to treat the dynamical correlations at play in doubly-closed-shell nuclei. Beyond shell closures,breaking U(1) symmetry associated with the conservation of neutron and proton numbers further permits to capture static correlations at the meanfield level and to formulate the well-behaved Bogoliubov many-body perturbation theory (BMBPT).Nevertheless, BMBPT results show contaminations associated with the broken symmetry that is only emergent on finite quantum system such as theatomic nucleus. Thus, the restoration of U(1) symmetry beyond the mean field is necessary for acorrect description and gives rise to the projected BMBPT method (PBMBPT). The goal is to implement PBMBPT in order to perform ab initio calculations of singly-open-shell mid-mass nuclei.The present work provides systematic solutions to the formal and technical problems arising during the implementation of PBMBPT: an automatic and safe method to generate PBMBPT diagrams and associated expressions, a framework to calculate other observables than the energy, an extension of the normal ordering approximation to symmetry breaking methods as well as an automatic and safe tool for spherical reduction of tensor networks
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Guan, Eng Ho. "Exploring the socio-cultural structure of formal ESL instruction in classroom talk : a case study of a secondary school in Brunei /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg913.pdf.
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Karlsson, Oscar, and Erik Malmgren. "Has the Privatization of Uganda Commercial Bank Increased Competition and Extended Outreach of Formal Banking in Uganda?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9247.
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Financial sector development can reduce poverty and promote economic growth by extending access to financial services in developing countries. Traditionally, banking in Sub-Saharan Africa has been conducted by state-owned banks. Although, evidence has shown that severe government involvement in the banking sector has proved to cause low profitability and inefficiency. During 2001, Uganda Commercial Bank, the dominant provider of banking experienced financial problems; as a result, the government had to privatize the bank. The aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate if the privatization prevented the banking sector from collapse and if it made the sector more competitive and outreaching. The main conclusion is that the privatization strongly prevented the banking sector from collapse. Since privatization, competition has increased sufficiently in urban areas of Uganda while rural areas have not experienced any significant increase in competition. Finally, we conclude that the outreach of banking has increased somewhat since the privatization, but it is still relatively poor.
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Lago, Júnior Mário Wilson do. "Redes sociais informais intraorganizacionais e os processos de mudanças organizacionais: estudo em uma empresa de tecnologia da informação." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2005. http://www.adm.ufba.br/sites/default/files/publicacao/arquivo/mario_wilson_lago_junior.pdf.
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O presente trabalho relata a aplicação da base conceitual e metodológica dos estudos sobre redes sociais informais (RSI) para propor, acompanhar e avaliar experiências de mudança organizacional. O trabalho, desenvolvido em uma empresa baiana que atua na área de tecnologia da informação - com 12 anos de mercado e com cerca de 60 colaboradores diretos - envolveu três etapas que corresponderam a um experimento. Na primeira, foi aplicado um questionário, para mapear as redes sociais informais. Na segunda etapa, apoiado nas informações levantadas e com a utilização dos diagramas gerados pelo software UCINET 6.0, em uma pesquisa histórica investigativa da empresa e no perfil profissional dos colaboradores, um conjunto de intervenções foi planejado. Durante o período de 12 meses, esse conjunto de mudanças foi introduzido na empresa. Na terceira etapa, uma nova bateria de questionário foi aplicada, objetivando avaliar as mudanças introduzidas, seus impactos nas RSI e como tais redes poderiam ajudar a compreender as dificuldades, ritmos e resultados dos processos de mudança. Ficou evidente, na primeira etapa, que os mecanismos de desdobramento dos assuntos estratégicos e da implementação das mudanças organizacionais não vinham reverberando na intensidade necessária para envolver a empresa como um todo. Após as intervenções pudemos constatar que todas as RSI estudadas apresentaram aumento na densidade e diminuição na distância entre os atores, bem como uma maior percepção, entendimento e expectativas do cenário das mudanças organizacionais, por parte dos atores, quando comparamos os resultados das etapas. Enfim, o estudo aponta claramente como o conhecimento das RSI pode possibilitar uma maior eficácia nos processos de mudanças organizacionais, ao tempo em que fornece uma metodologia para vincular os estudos desses dois fenômenos organizacionais.
Salvador
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Bohl, Evans. "Modélisation de fruits, de leur structure interne et de leurs défauts." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0070/document.
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La représentation de phénomènes naturels fait partie des domaines les plus complexes et les plus actifs de la recherche en informatique graphique. Notre compréhension de la nature s'améliorant au fil des années, les chercheurs ne cessent de proposer des nouveaux modèles, toujours plus pertinents les uns que les autres, et permettant de reproduire les différents phénomènes naturels que nous pouvons observer autour de nous, dans la vie de tous les jours. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la représentation du fruit et des différents éléments qui le caractérisent. Le fruit est un objet complexe et, en fonction de la précision requise, sa conception à l'aide de logiciels de modélisation 3D peut très vite devenir compliquée. Notre modèle permet de générer une grande variété de fruits de formes différentes ainsi que les différents éléments de leur structure interne et ce, grâce à l'utilisation d'une seule grammaire. Au sein d'une même espèce, les fruits générés seront tous différents au niveau de leur forme, tout en restant semblables. La seconde partie de nos travaux porte quant à elle sur la représentation des imperfections géométriques qui sont propres aux fruits. Les fruits sont le résultat de l'enchaînement d'un très grand nombre de processus physiologiques complexes qui interagissent fortement entre eux. Lorsque le bon fonctionnement de l'un de ces processus est compromis, cette anomalie se matérialise sur le fruit par l'apparition de défauts au niveau de sa forme. Notre modèle propose une approche simple, basée sur l'utilisation de grammaires, qui permettent d'altérer soit la forme générale d'un fruit soit des parties de sa surfaceOne of the largest areas of research in computer graphics deals with natural phenomena representation. Over the years, as our understanding of nature grew, researchers started to propose new ways of simulating the various natural phenomena that we can observe in our everyday life. In this thesis, we focused on the representation of fruits. The fruit is a complex object. Depending on the desired accuracy, modeling a 3D fruit using classic 3D modeling software can become very tedious. We propose a model for generating vast varieties of fruits as well as their internal structure, thanks to the use of a single formal grammar. Each fruit that will be generated using our method will have global features that characterize its species, but it will also have local variations that are specific to it. The second part of ou work involves the representation of geometrical imperfections along the fruit. The fruit is the result of a series of physiological processes that strongly interact with each other. When one of these processes does not work the way it should, this dysfunction is materialized in the form of a shape defect. Our model introduces a simple approach, based on the use of grammars, which will allow us to apply variations on fruits in order to generate various categories of shape defects
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Brandenburg, Jeffrey Lynn. "Timetrees : a branching-time structure for modeling activity and state in the human-computer interface /." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164012/.
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Styf, Maria. "Pedagogisk ledning för en pedagogisk verksamhet? : Om den kommunala förskolans ledningsstruktur." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-55208.
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This thesis is a total coverage survey of the municipal preschool management structure. In the late 90's the preschool in Sweden became the first step in the overall educational system. It became a pedagogical activity similar to school with respect to form and content. Although the focus was on education, political voices reclaimed the unique nature of preschool i.e. educare. It became a preschool in transition between its own tradition and modernization. The idea is that the educational management structure should support a pedagogical leadership that directs the pedagogical activity towards preschool objectives. The local authority sets the structure for management in pre-school; a municipality that in itself is an institution with its own goals and objectives. These objectives can place the municipalities in the cross pressure between their own objectives and the ones for preschool. The question in this respect is; How is the management structure formed and why? Is it a structure formed with the intention of creating educational management for the local preschool or are there other factors that guide the design? A framework based on the historical background of the preschools and theoretical terms such as steering, leading, management, pedagogical leadership, educational activity, etc. was constructed. Results are based on an online questionnaire survey. 180 municipalities out of 290 answered the questionnaire, which gives a response rate at 62 %. The response rate is evenly distributed across municipal categories, categories that the municipalities were aggregated into, formed by The Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions. The categories were handled as survey units, to support a part of the analysis and to allow a comparison between the municipalities by municipality size, both demographic and geographic. The material was analysed using the SPSS statistical program and compiled and reported with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics were used to demonstrate the material's characteristics and the central tendency. The results show that the municipalities’ structure of management is varied. Different municipal categories do not change this varied picture of the management landscape significantly. Although the management structure varies regarding how many levels with formal titles and which positions and functions they should have, there is a consistency in which title that the formal leader for the preschool have. The municipalities primarily utilisea principalship with mixed responsibility for both preschool and school. In light of these results, do municipalities mould a structure for the educational management for the pedagogical activities in preschool? Yes and no: the municipalities do not form a structure for preschool alone. Results show that the municipalities' main purpose is not to create a line of management specifically for the preschool. The municipalities form a management structure for educational purposes dealing with an educational activity from preschool to elementary school. The new Education Act (2010:800), is a step toward distinguishing preschool leadership from school leadership and turns the leadership of preschools into a title solely for the position and function of preschool educational activities.
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Schröckeneder, Albert [Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Trauner. "Towards the total synthesis of portentol : a formal synthesis of dimethylglutamine the crystal structure of the Dess-Martin Periodinane / Albert Schröckeneder. Betreuer: Dirk Trauner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032131624/34.
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Dimitrijevic, Miona. "Les transformations des relations tonales, des fonctions et des types formels contribuant à l'unité compositionnelle dans les œuvres orchestrales de Max Reger." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC020.
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L’analyse examina l’impact des relations tonales, des fonctions et des types formels transformés sur l’unité compositionnelle dans les œuvres orchestrales de Max Reger. Le contexte théorique est celui de nouvelles Formenlehre et Harmonielehre. La forme conçue comme une succession des fonctions fut analysée sur la base de la théorie des fonctions formelles de Caplin. Son apparatus analytique a été combiné avec le modèle sophistiqué de ponctuation et le concept de la déformation de la théorie de la sonate de Hepokoski et Darcy. En examinant les relations et la structure tonales, l’analyse adhère au concept de la monotonalité de Schoenberg. L’attention analytique fut focalisée sur les motifs harmoniques dérivés des accords, des progressions et de la ligne de basse. La Grundgestalt (une configuration fondamentale) fut perçue comme une structure motivique ou un contour intervallique quasi-arythmique. L’analyse montra comment Reger avait confirmé la clarté de l’unité tonale du mouvement ou de l’œuvreThe analysis examined the impact of tonal relations and transformed formal types and functions on the compositional unity in Max Reger’s orchestral works. The theoretical background consisted of New Formenlehre and Harmonielehre. The form conceived as a succession of functions, was analyzed on the basis of Caplin’s formal function theory. His analytical apparatus was combined with the sophisticated punctuation model and the concept of “deformation” developed in the competing sonata theory of Hepokoski and Darcy. In consideration of tonal relationships and structure, the analysis adhered to Schoenberg’s concept of monotonality. The analytical attention was focused on harmonic motives derived from chords, progressions and the bass line. The Grundgestalt (basic configuration) was perceived as a motivic structure or quasi-arrhythmic interval contour. The analysis showed how Reger has confirmed the clarity of the tonal unity of a movement or work in whole
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Junior, Ubirajara Pires Armada. "Os dez estudos para violão de Radamés Gnattali: uma análise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27140/tde-23072009-204248/.
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Análise dos dez Estudos para violão de Radamés Gnattali com ênfase no aspecto harmônico, utilizando as ferramentas analíticas desenvolvidas no século XX para tratar de procedimentos harmônicos não-tradicionais. Tem como objetivo compreender as estruturas sonoras, salientando questões como movimento harmônico, prolongamento harmônico e melódico, sonoridades octatônicas e de tons inteiros e forma.Analysis of the ten Studies for guitar by Radamés Gnattali, emphasizing the harmonic aspect, using the analytical tools developed in the 20th century to treat non-traditional harmonic procedures. The objective is to understand the sound structures, highlighting issues such as harmonic movement, harmonic and melodic prolongation, octatonic and whole tone sonorities, and form.
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Bae, DaeJin. "Stylistic Changes in Two Violin Concertos by Henryk Wieniawski." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439295069.
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Tacla, Saad Rodrigo. "Parallel model checking for multiprocessor architecture." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0028/document.
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Nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes et de nouvelles structures de données pour la vérification formelle de systèmes réactifs finis sur architectures parallèles. Ces travaux se basent sur les techniques de vérification model checking. Notre approche cible des architectures multi-processeurs et multi-cœurs, avec mémoire partagée, qui correspondent aux générations de serveurs les plus performants disponibles actuellement.Dans ce contexte, notre objectif principal est de proposer des approches qui soient à la fois efficaces au niveau des performances, mais aussi compatibles avec les politiques de partage dynamique du travail utilisées par les algorithmes de génération d’espaces d'états en parallèle; ainsi, nous ne plaçons pas de contraintes sur la manière dont le travail ou les données sont partagés entre les processeurs.Parallèlement à la définition de nouveaux algorithmes de model checking pour machines multi-cœurs, nous nous intéressons également aux algorithmes de vérification probabiliste. Par probabiliste, nous entendons des algorithmes de model checking qui ont une forte probabilité de visiter tous les états durant la vérification d’un système. La vérification probabiliste permet des gains importants au niveau de la mémoire utilisée, en échange d’une faible probabilité de ne pas être exhaustif; il s’agit donc d’une stratégie permettant de répondre au problème de l’explosion combinatoireIn this thesis, we propose and study new algorithms and data structures for model checking finite-state, concurrent systems. We focus on techniques that target shared memory, multi-cores architectures, that are a current trend in computer architectures.In this context, we present new algorithms and data structures for exhaustive parallel model checking that are as efficient as possible, but also ``friendly'' with respect to the work-sharing policies that are used for the state space generation (e.g. a work-stealing strategy): at no point do we impose a restriction on the way work is shared among the processors. This includes both the construction of the state space as the detection of cycles in parallel, which is is one of the key points of performance for the evaluation of more complex formulas.Alongside the definition of enumerative, model checking algorithms for many-cores architectures, we also study probabilistic verification algorithms. By the term probabilistic, we mean that, during the exploration of a system, any given reachable state has a high probability of being checked by the algorithm. Probabilistic verification trades savings at the level of memory usage for the probability of missing some states. Consequently, it becomes possible to analyze part of the state space of a system when there is not enough memory available to represent the entire state space in an exact manner
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Srivastava, Sameer Bhatt. "Social Capital Activation during Times of Organizational Change." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10158.
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This dissertation contributes to our understanding of how people build and use social capital – resources embedded in social relations – in organizational settings. Whereas the extant literature has tended to focus on the structure of interpersonal networks within organizations and the link to various indicators of individual attainment, this dissertation instead uncovers the dynamics of network action. I tackle two central questions: (1) During times of organizational change, how do organizational actors use the social resources accessible to them by virtue of their position in the structure? and (2) What organizational interventions can help people forge valuable new connections in the workplace? Core to this investigation is the concept of social capital activation – that is, the conversion of latent social ties into active relationships. Three empirical studies illuminate different facets of social capital activation during commonly experienced forms of organizational change: (1) an organizational restructuring; (2) large-scale transformations that create individual-level threat or opportunity; and (3) the introduction of a novel employee cross-training program. Because organizational change is often accompanied by significant shifts in resources and power, network activation choices in these periods can have significant consequences for individual attainment and organizational performance. I draw on unique data from three disparate settings – a global information services firm; a large health care organization; and a software development lab based in Beijing, China. Multiple research methods, including a large panel data set of archived electronic communications, qualitative interviews, experimental studies conducted with samples of working professionals, and a longitudinal field experiment, are used to identify how organizational actors marshal social resources through individual-level network activation choices. Findings from these studies contribute to research on: (1) organizational social capital; (2) the structural dynamics of organizational change; (3) ascriptive inequality in organizations; (4) cognition and social networks; and (5) workplace practices and network change.
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Rogove, John. "Une science sans présupposés ? : intuition eidétique et structure méréologique entre réduction phénoménologique et réductionnisme logico-empiriste." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040029.
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Cette thèse cherche d’abord à confronter les prétentions respectives des méthodes phénoménologique et analytico-linguistique classiques à fournir chacune une explication de la connaissance a priori des nécessités d’essence qui soit aussi dépourvue que possible de présupposés et de pétitions de principe. Le problème précis autour duquel se noue cette confrontation est celui de la possibilité des vérités a priori matérielles. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons une lecture et une résolution méréologiques de ce problème en termes husserliens de touts composés des parties dépendantes, qui permet mieux de rendre compte des tels ensembles que la méréologie atomiste qui caractérise la plupart des ontologies formelles « analytiques » ; et nous proposons ce faisant une compréhension de la méthode d’intuition eidétique comme analyse méréologique. Dans un second temps, nous appliquons cette analyse à la méthode phénoménologique elle-même, comprenant la réduction transcendantale comme une variation méréologique sur l’a priori matériel de la corrélation qui caractérise la structure même de la relation entre l’ego et le monde, ce qui nous oblige de voir cette structure à son tour comme un tout concret intuitionnable dont les parties subjective et objective ne sont que des moments absolument dépendants, sans aucun privilège accordé au pôle sujet de cette structure. Ainsi, ce n’est qu’à la stricte condition que la phénoménologie se « désubjectivise » qu’elle puisse à la fois réfuter un certain nombre de dogmes analytiques et empiristes et fonder sa propre méthode dans une absence comparative de présupposésThis dissertation takes as its point of departure a polemical comparison of the respective claims of the phenomenological and classical analytic-linguistic methods to provide an account of a priori knowledge of essential or necessary truth that is as free as possible of presuppositions and circular reasoning. The precise problem around which this confrontation crystalizes is the one concerning the possibility of material a priori truths. First, we propose a mereological interpretation of and solution to this problem in the Husserlian terms of wholes composed of dependent parts, which allows for a better account of such wholes than does the atomistic mereology that characterizes most “analytic” formal ontologies, and we propose an understanding of the method of eidetic intuition as mereological analysis. Secondly, we apply this analysis to the phenomenological method itself, understanding the transcendental reduction as a mereological variation on the material a priori of correlation that characterizes the very structure of the relation between the ego and the world; this obliges us to see this structure in turn as an intuitable concrete whole whose subjective and objective parts are merely absolutely dependent moments, without privileging the subject-pole of this structure. In this way, it is only on the strict condition that phenomenology “desubjectivize” itself that it might at once refute a certain number of analytic and empiricist dogmas and ground its own method without recourse to unnecessary and untenable presuppositions
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Focsaneanu, Bogdan Vasile. "An Analysis of Phrase Structures in the First Movement of Leo Brouwer’s Elogio De La Danza (1964)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23249.
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This study examines phrase and larger formal structures in the first movement of Leo Brouwer’s Elegio de la Danza (1964), a work that draws on tonal and post-tonal traditions. By adapting key features of the tonal motive, as described by Douglass Green, and the tonal period, as proposed by Green and William Caplin, the model seeks to provide a tool for the discussion of phrases and larger forms in Brouwer’s work. An analysis of primary parameters, such as melody, harmony, and rhythm, provides the means to discuss how the composer articulates beginnings and endings of statements and responses, which are then grouped into antecedent and consequent phrases. These periods articulate large-scale sections, which outline a ternary formal design. Secondary parameters (dynamics, tempo markings, instrumental markings) further contribute to the identification of formal structures in Brouwer’s work.
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Stenling, Nicole, and Teodor Wetterström. "Kunskapsdelning inom mentorskap riktat mot nyanställda: En fallstudie på ett globalt IT-bolag." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300818.
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Knowledge sharing has earned a more central role in organizations strive to achievecompetitive advantage. Still, many organizations fail to make full potential of knowledge sharing initiative, highlighting the demand for further studies in the area to increase the understanding of knowledge sharing within organizations. This study therefore examines how knowledge sharing is affected within mentoring through a case study of qualitative nature where interviews have been conducted with consultants of a global IT company whom in various ways are involved in a mentoring program. This study seeks to understand how mentoring of new hires works in practice and how knowledge sharing on an individual level is affected within the given context, as well as how the structure of formal mentoring might affect knowledge sharing between the mentor and protégé. The study starts off by depicting mentoring and knowledge sharing based on previous literature. The mentoring literature that is presented offers support to analyse the structure of the studied mentoring program and its significance. A model is thereafter presented within the knowledge sharing section with the purpose of acting as an analytical lens when processing the empirical findings, the study has generated. The results show that knowledge sharing on an individual level within mentoring of new hires is affected by the organizational value associated with the knowledge being shared. It also shows that one motivational factor that affect the sharing is whether or not the participants are able to realize incentives associated to sharing knowledge and that mentoring offers both formal and informal opportunities to share knowledge, which implied a positive impact on knowledge sharing on an individual level. In addition, the results imply that an organizational culture impact the employees’ norms and values, and therefore their actions. An organizational culture promoting knowledge sharing is thereby considered having a positive effect on knowledge sharing on the individual level within mentoring. Another important finding is that the structure of formal mentoring programs, is affecting multiple aspects of the knowledge sharing between mentor and protégé. However, the study cannot suggest that theorganizational culture is significantly affected.Kunskapsdelning har fått en alltmer central roll i organisationers strävan att erhållakonkurrensfördelar. Trots det misslyckas flertalet organisationer med att ta tillvara på kunskapsdelande initiativ, vilket belyser behovet av ytterligare studier på området för att öka förståelsen för kunskapsdelning inom organisationer. Denna studie undersöker därför hur kunskapsdelning påverkas inom mentorskap genom en fallstudie av kvalitativ karaktär där intervjuer utförts med konsulter på ett globalt IT-bolag som på olika sätt är involverade i ett mentorskapsprogram. Denna studie söker förstå hur mentorskap riktat mot nyanställda fungerar i praktiken och hur kunskapsdelning på individnivå påverkas inom den givna kontexten, men även vad utformningen av formella mentorskap har för betydelse för kunskapsdelningen mellan mentor och adept. Studien utgår ifrån att skildra mentorskap och kunskapsdelning utifrån tidigare litteratur. Mentorskapslitteraturen som presenteras ger stöd för att analysera utformningen av det givna mentorskapet och dess betydelse. I kunskapsdelningsavsnittet presenteras en modell vilken appliceras som en analytisk lins vid bearbetning av de empiriska fynd som studien genererat. Av studiens resultat framgår att kunskapsdelning på individnivå inom mentorskap riktat mot nyanställda påverkas av vilket organisatoriskt värde som är associerat med den kunskap som delas. Det framgår även att en motivationsfaktor som påverkar delningen är huruvida deltagarna upplever att det existerar incitament till att dela kunskap och att mentorskap tillhandahåller både formella och informella möjligheter att dela kunskap, vilket antyds inverka positivt på kunskapsdelning på individnivå. Därtill indikerar studien att en organisationskultur inverkar på de anställdas normer och värderingar, och således agerande. En organisationskultur som främjar kunskapsdelning har därmed en positiv påverkan på kunskapsdelning på individnivå inom mentorskap. Ytterligare en viktig slutsats är att utformningen av formella mentorskapsprogram utifrån ett flertal aspekter är av betydelse för kunskapsdelningen mellan mentor och adept, dock finner studien inte stöd för attorganisationskulturen påverkas nämnvärt av utformningen som sådan.
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Stern, Elin, and Erica Börjesson. "Psykiatrins arbetsprocess : En sociologisk kartläggning och granskning av arbetsprocessens relation till den formella strukturen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54613.
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The main purpose of this study is to survey and reach an understanding of how the practical work in psychiatry at times depart from the organization’s stated formal structure. To find the material that would give us the answers we read the organizations own documents about the formal structures form and also we had five interviews. All the tutors are involved in one way or another with the psychiatric and the forensic process. .Job titles vary in order to access information from different parts of the process and get multiple perspectives. The data was analyzed with sociological concepts and a more comprehensive theory. Some of the concepts are “formal structure”, “cooperation”, "the relationship between freedom and constraint” and “gräsrotsbyråkrater”. The theory that we used to examine the material is W. Meyer and Rowans theory about how the formal structure of an organization and business is only a myth and ceremony. The result of the study indicates that a plurality of elements has an impact on why the difference between the formal structure and the practical process exists. The loose constraint leads to a wider freedom of action that gives a varied embodiment within the different workgroups. It becomes a habitual pattern in the practical process and the looks of the formal structure is not a priority. The practical process is not aligned with the formal structure and that causes problems. The cooperation is affected negatively and becomes inexplicit and the workgroups can form how the duties are done instead of the organizational management plan (the formal structure). That brings the opportunity to decide and claim that the own group does it better so cooperation partners is excluded in the practical process, when they actually are supposed to be included according to the formal structure.
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Müller, Benito. "Formal structures of sensory/perceptual experience." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5626d3af-90b9-4efe-97ec-eebaeb86e59b.
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This thesis deals primarily with metaphysical issues concerning human sensory/ perceptual experiences, and with questions about the formal representation of these experiences. In this respect it is similar to N. Goodman's The Structure of Appearance, which is discussed at some length. I establish a way of des- cribing and formally representing certain structures which must occur in sensory/ perceptual experiences, regardless of how the features of these experiences are categorized in terms of being physical or being mental. A special ("ontological- ly neutral") conceptual scheme which reflects the neutrality with respect to these categorizations, and which is particularistic in the sense of admitting sensory/per- ceptual individuals (sensations), is introduced for this purpose. The choice of a particularistic conceptual scheme in this context is supported by an argument which shows that the so-called adverbial approach is insufficient for describing sensory/perceptual experiences. To achieve the desired formal representation, I introduce an original generalization of the standard formalism for semantic 1st -order predicate theories which involves incomplete models, and a type of structured primitive predicates. Based on a Kantian view of the function of concepts in experience, I then give an account of experiential colour-predicates (like x looks red) in ontologi- cally neutral terms. This account, involving a special class of sensory/perceptual individuals (colour-tokens), has the particular advantage of avoiding the short- comings of both sense-datum theories and the views held by C. Peacocke in Sense and Content. This is followed by an account of experiential intentionality (in ontologically neutral terms) which shows how intentionality, as occurring in the context of sensory/perceptual experiences, can have a relational nature, des- pite the well-known problems of substitutivity and intentional inexistence which are traditionally associated with intentional relations.
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Stewart, Alan. "The formal specification of computational structures." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317076.
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Hinchey, Michael Gerard. "Structural design and formal methods." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624390.
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Assaghir, Zainab. "Analyse formelle de concepts et fusion d'informations : application à l'estimation et au contrôle d'incertitude des indicateurs agri-environnementaux." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587784.
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La fusion d'informations consiste à résumer plusieurs informations provenant des différentes sources en une information exploitable et utile pour l'utilisateur. Le problème de la fusion est délicat surtout quand les informations délivrées sont incohérentes et hétérogènes. Les résultats de la fusion ne sont pas souvent exploitable et utilisables pour prendre une décision, quand ils sont imprécis. C'est généralement due au fait que les informations sont incohérentes. Plusieurs méthodes de fusion sont proposées pour combiner les informations imparfaites et elles appliquent l'opérateur de fusion sur l'ensemble de toutes les sources et considèrent le résultat tel qu'il est. Dans ce travail, nous proposons une méthode de fusion fondée sur l'Analyse Formelle de Concepts, en particulier son extension pour les données numériques : les structures de patrons. Cette méthode permet d'associer chaque sous-ensemble de sources avec son résultat de fusion. Toutefois l'opérateur de fusion est choisi, alors un treillis de concept est construit. Ce treillis fournit une classification intéressante des sources et leurs résultats de fusion. De plus, le treillis garde l'origine de l'information. Quand le résultat global de la fusion est imprécis, la méthode permet à l'utilisateur d'identifier les sous-ensemble maximaux de sources qui supportent une bonne décision. La méthode fournit une vue structurée de la fusion globale appliquée à l'ensemble de toutes les sources et des résultats partiels de la fusion marqués d'un sous-ensemble de sources. Dans ce travail, nous avons considéré les informations numériques représentées dans le cadre de la théorie des possibilités et nous avons utilisé trois sortes d'opérateurs pour construire le treillis de concepts. Une application dans le monde agricole, où la question de l'expert est d'estimer des valeurs des caractéristiques de pesticide provenant de plusieurs sources, pour calculer des indices environnementaux est détaillée pour évaluer la méthode de fusion proposée.
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Sablayrolles, Pierre. "Sémantique formelle de l'expression du mouvement. De la sémantique lexicale au calcul de la structure du discours en français." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30224.
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Le travail que nous presentons dans ce memoire s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'analyse formelle de la semantique du langage naturel. Plus precisement, il concerne la representation et le traitement des structures spatio-temporelles de la langue. Developper des formalismes pour representer la connaissance spatiale et temporelle a toujours ete d'une importance considerable en intelligence artificielle et en sciences cognitives. Pour mettre au jour et modeliser les concepts spatio-temporels de base sous-jacents a cette connaissance, le langage naturel constitue une excellente trace de ces concepts, en particulier par la facon meme dont on utilise certaines expressions plutot que certaines autres pour decrire le monde. Or, dans la langue, ce sont les expressions decrivant des mouvements qui expriment le mieux les liens etroits qui unissent l'espace et le temps, puisqu'elles representent une succession de localisations spatiales evoluant au cours du temps. Notre travail s'appuie par consequent sur une etude linguistique descriptive de l'ensemble des verbes de mouvement et des prepositions spatiales du francais. Tout d'abord, nous clarifions la notion de lieu, qui restait tres ambigue dans la litterature. Cela nous permet de distinguer quatre grandes classes de verbes de mouvement. Pour l'une de ces classes, la classe des verbes de changement de lieu, nous realisons une analyse linguistique systematique de l'ensemble des elements pertinents, en adoptant quatre points de vues differents mais complementaires: une approche localiste, une approche aspectuelle, une approche connaissance du monde et une approche aspectualite. En nous appuyant sur une etude localiste des prepositions spatiales du francais, nous enoncons, sous la forme d'axiomes logiques, des regles formelles de composition nous permettant de calculer la semantique spatio-temporelle d'un complexe de mouvement a partir des proprietes spatiales et temporelles du verbe et de la preposition qui le composent. Ces regles sont formalisees dans une theorie basee sur la mereologie. Le calcul fait intervenir des informations de nature lexicales, mais aussi des informations liees a la structure meme du discours. Nous utilisons donc la sdrt segmented discourse representation theory de nicholas asher pour modeliser ces interactions et nous faisons appel a l'operateur d'implication faible des logiques non-monotones pour coder les defauts dans nos entrees lexicales. Nous montrons egalement comment les informations discursives peuvent etre utilisees pour la desambiguisation lexicale et comment les informations lexicales peuvent aider au calcul de la structure du discours
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Jägare, Lindvall Amanda. "Informella normer : Organisationskulturers påverkan på yrkesverksamma socionomer." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183088.
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Studien undersöker informella normer inom familjerätten och tillståndsenheten, och hur de kan påverka yrkesverksamma socionomer i sitt arbete. Undersökningen innefattar fyra intervjudeltagare, två socionomer från familjerätten och två socionomer från tillståndsenheten. Genom att undersöka de yrkesverksamma socionomernas förhållningssätt gentemot formella strukturer, handlingsutrymme och samarbete med kollegor kan de informella normerna, som styr de anställdas sätt att tänka, känna och agera, identifieras och analyseras. Med hjälp av teorier om kultur, organisationskultur och informella normer analyseras yrkesverksamma socionomers sätt att tänka, känna och agera utifrån vad som för organisationskulturen anses vara det korrekta sättet. Genom att studera likheter och skillnader i de anställdas uttryckande av sina inställningar och attityder, så är tanken att man ska kunna utläsa deras individuella sätt att tänka och känna, gentemot det sätt som organisationskulturens informella normer försöker styra dem till. Resultatet i undersökningen visar på att det finns informella normer i både tillståndsenheten och familjerätten som påverkar de yrkesverksammas samarbete med kollegor och tillhörighet till gruppen, vilket tycks påverka deras inställningar och attityder gentemot olika delar i yrkesutövandet. Resultatet visar ett samband mellan grupptillhörighet och positiva attityder och inställningar till samarbete med kollegor, och ett samband mellan negativa attityder och inställningar till utanförskap/exkludering ur gruppen. Resultatet visade att de informella normerna påverkade de yrkesverksamma socionomernas praktiska arbete, vilket gjorde sig påtagligt i deltagarnas konflikthantering, samarbete med kollegor och självständighet i handläggning och beslutsfattande.
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Delhove, Arnaud. "La narration et ses structures en égyptien de tradition :approche philologique et narratologique des textes royaux de la XXVe dynastie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/249504.
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Ce travail porte sur la question de la verbalisation du récit dans sa structure formelle, par une approche philologique et narratologique, dans les textes royaux de la XXVe dynastie (dynastie couchite – 8e/7e s. avant notre ère), rédigés en égyptien de tradition. L’étude se fonde sur un corpus composé de 11 textes ayant comme caractéristiques d’être couchites, royaux, en égyptien de tradition, comportant des parties narratives, et suffisamment conservés. Parmi ceux-ci, l’on trouve la Stèle de la Victoire de Piânkhy (Caire JE 48862 ;JE 47086-47089) et la Stèle du Songe de Tanoutamon (Caire JE 48863). En outre, un corpus secondaire de 9 textes a été constitué dans une perspective synchronique et diachronique, avec par exemple les Annales d’Osorkon, ou encore les Annales de l’an 1-2 d’Irike-Amannote (Kawa IX), souverain de Couch postérieur à la XXVe dynastie. Pour répondre à la question de la structure formelle du récit, nous procédons en deux temps :d’abord par une étude des marqueurs narratifs (comme les auxiliaires séquentiels) ;puis par celle des structures et macrostructures du texte, en lien avec les séquences narratives ;enfin, par l’examen de facteurs influençant la verbalisation du récit. Dans la première partie, nous précisons dans une série de chapitres les formes et emplois des marqueurs narratifs (auxiliaires séquentiels, śpr pw ỉr.n⸗f, infinitifs narratifs, śḏm.ỉn⸗f, particules, dates, etc.). Pour chacun de ces marqueurs, nous faisons d’abord le point sur leurs formes et emplois en égyptien classique, néo-égyptien et égyptien de tradition, d’après les grandes synthèses grammaticales, avant de procéder à un examen systématique de leurs occurrences dans notre double corpus. En outre, précédant cette analyse, nous traitons de la situation linguistique à la XXVe dynastie (notamment la diglossie), et des caractéristiques de l’égyptien de tradition. Nous examinons également pour notre corpus principal la question de l’opposition des formes śḏm⸗f et śḏm.n⸗f. La seconde partie, qui s’appuie sur les marqueurs étudiés dans la première, traite des différents niveaux dans la structure générale du texte et du récit. Nous envisageons donc là les niveaux supérieurs à la proposition. Après des éléments théoriques sur la narration et sur la mise en récit de l’histoire, nous étudions le niveau séquentiel dans les récits du corpus, et mettons en évidence les structures épisodiques que l’on peut y trouver. Ensuite, nous examinons les éléments non-narratifs, descriptifs et dialogaux, et la façon dont ils intègrent ou sont intégrés dans les parties narratives. En nous appuyant sur les données de ces deux chapitres, nous envisageons alors les structures d’ordre supérieur à la séquence, pour remonter jusqu’au texte dans son ensemble. Enfin, pour montrer le lien entre la première et la deuxième partie, nous présentons la façon dont les marqueurs narratifs se spécialisent dans certains rôles dans la narration et la structuration du récit, et comment ils se hiérarchisent. Ce travail apporte donc une série de données sur la langue littéraire de la XXVe dynastie et ses caractéristiques, ainsi que sur la façon dont les rédacteurs recourent aux moyens linguistiques de l’égyptien de tradition pour organiser formellement leurs textes et transmettre, via le récit, l’histoire qu’ils voulaient communiquer.Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Burns, Colin Paul. "Analysing accident reports using structured and formal methods." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3554/.
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Formal methods are proposed as a means to improve accident reports, such as the report into the 1996 fire in the Channel Tunnel between the UK and France. The size and complexity of accident reports create difficulties for formal methods, which traditionally suffer from problems of scalability and poor readability. This thesis demonstrates that features of an engineering-style formal modelling process, particularly the structuring of activity and management of information, reduce the impact of these problems and improve the accuracy of formal models of accident reports. This thesis also contributes a detailed analysis of the methodological requirements for constructing accident report models. Structured, methodical construction and mathematical analysis of the models elicits significant problems in the content and argumentation of the reports. Once elicited, these problems can be addressed. This thesis demonstrates the benefits and limitations of taking a wider scope in the modelling process than is commonly adopted for formal accident analysis. We present a deontic action logic as a language for constructing models of accident reports. Deontic action models offer a novel view of the report, which highlights both the expected and actual behaviour in the report, and facilitates examination of the conflict between the two. This thesis contributes an objective analysis of the utility of both deontic and action logic operators to the application of modelling accident reports. A tool is also presented that executes a subset of the logic, including these deontic and action logic operators.