Relevant bibliographies by topics / Formal structure

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Formal structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Formal structure"

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Bart, Christopher K. "Product strategy and formal structure." Strategic Management Journal 7, no. 4 (July 1986): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250070402.

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Fairchild, Kim, Greg Meredith, and Alan Wexelblat. "A formal structure for automatic icons." Interacting with Computers 1, no. 2 (August 1989): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(89)90021-0.

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Tienda Palop, Lydia de. "The formal structure of practical rationality." Pensamiento. Revista de Investigación e Información Filosófica 77, Extra 295 (November 30, 2021): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/pen.v77.i295.y2021.004.

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The concept of rationality is strongly normative. Indeed, qualifying an action as rational implies demarcating spaces of inclusion and exclusion that have a practical impact. However, the notion of rationality is not fully explained. In this article I intend to clarify the constitutive elements of the formal structure of practical rationality in order to facilitate its conceptualisation.
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Lupton, Nathaniel, and Paul Beamish. "Organizational structure and knowledge-practice diffusion in the MNC." Journal of Knowledge Management 18, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 710–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2013-0448.

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Purpose – This study aims to examine the interaction of formal and informal cross-border knowledge-sharing practices of four large multinational corporations (MNCs) in aerospace, software, IT services and telecommunications industries. The goal was to determine the manner in which coordination and control mechanisms facilitated knowledge transfer. Design/methodology/approach – Case studies comprised secondary data and semi-structured interviews with corporate headquarters and subsidiary managers in large MNCs conducted in the USA, Canada, Mexico, China, India and Eastern Europe. Findings – The primary finding of this study is that knowledge transfer mechanisms arise as a result of both formal and informal structures of the MNC. Formal structures which create either mutual dependencies or occasions for knowledge exchange facilitate transfer. Formal structure which inhibits knowledge transfer can be overcome by knowledge brokers and evaluation metrics. Research limitations/implications – These findings suggest that knowledge transfer is more informal than formal, but that MNC headquarters does play a role, intended or not, through shaping the interdependencies among geographically distributed units. Managers should be mindful of both the manner in which tasks and the organization are structured, as these have an indirect impact on the development of knowledge channels. Originality/value – This paper investigates the role of organizational structure and its effect, both intended and unintended, on the transfer of knowledge-based practices. While knowledge transfer has been heavily researched, this study examines the phenomenon at a finer-grained level of analysis.
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Cattaneo, Alberto S., Benoit Dherin, and Giovanni Felder. "Formal Lagrangian Operad." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2010 (2010): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/643605.

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Given a symplectic manifoldM, we may define an operad structure on the the spacesOkof the Lagrangian submanifolds of(M¯)k×Mvia symplectic reduction. IfMis also a symplectic groupoid, then its multiplication space is an associative product in this operad. Following this idea, we provide a deformation theory for symplectic groupoids analog to the deformation theory of algebras. It turns out that the semiclassical part of Kontsevich's deformation ofC∞(ℝd) is a deformation of the trivial symplectic groupoid structure ofT∗ℝd.
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Biggar, Oliver, Mohammad Zamani, and Iman Shames. "On Modularity in Reactive Control Architectures, with an Application to Formal Verification." ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511606.

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Modularity is a central principle throughout the design process for cyber-physical systems. Modularity reduces complexity and increases reuse of behavior. In this article we pose and answer the following question: how can we identify independent “modules” within the structure of reactive control architectures? To this end, we propose a graph-structured control architecture we call a decision structure and show how it generalizes some reactive control architectures that are popular in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics, specifically Teleo-Reactive programs (TRs), Decision Trees (DTs), Behavior Trees (BTs), and Generalised Behavior Trees ( k -BTs). Inspired by the definition of a module in graph theory [ 16 ] we define modules in decision structures and show how each decision structure possesses a canonical decomposition into its modules, which can be found in polynomial time. We establish intuitive connections between our proposed modularity and modularity in structured programming. In BTs, k -BTs, and DTs the modules we propose are in a one-to-one correspondence with their subtrees. We show we can naturally characterize each of the BTs, k -BTs, DTs, and TRs by properties of their module decomposition. This allows us to recognize which decision structures are equivalent to each of these architectures in quadratic time. Following McCabe [ 26 ], we define a complexity measure called essential complexity on decision structures, which measures the degree to which they can be decomposed into simpler modules. We characterize the k -BTs as the decision structures of unit-essential complexity. Our proposed concept of modules extends to formal verification, under any verification scheme capable of verifying a decision structure. Namely, we prove that a modification to a module within a decision structure has no greater flow-on effects than a modification to an individual action within that structure. This enables verification on modules to be done locally and hierarchically, where structures can be verified and then repeatedly locally modified, with modules replaced by modules while preserving correctness. To illustrate the findings, we present an example of a solar-powered drone completing a reconnaissance-based mission using a decision structure. We use a Linear Temporal Logic-based verification scheme to verify the correctness of this structure and then show how one can repeatedly modify modules while preserving its correctness, and this can be verified by considering only those modules that have been modified.
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Clement, Julien, David Krackhardt, and Bill Mcevily. "Linking Formal Organization and Informal Social Structure." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 12565. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.12565symposium.

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Kusliy, Petr S. "Formal Semantics and the Structure of Meaning." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 63, no. 8 (December 1, 2020): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-8-34-46.

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The article discusses the reasons why modern formal semantics of natural language is an integral part of a larger philosophical research program for the study of the nature of intentionality. The purpose of this article is to show how research in the field of formal semantics of natural language became the implementation of a large philosophical research program that is focused on the nature of intentional objects, which since the time of F. Brentano have been considered an integral part of mental phenomena. Mental phenomena are opposed to physical phenomena due to their inherent intentionality (being focused on an object). In modern philosophy, it is commonly considered that the comprehension of the nature of intentionality is the key to understanding the nature of consciousness, and, consequently, the nature of man. The article shows that formal semantics represents the structure of the meaning of linguistic expressions, with the help of which human thought is formed, which is one of the main objects of intentional consciousness. In formal semantics, this representation is carried out in a rigorous, systematic, and empirically verifiable way on the basis of natural languages, that is, on those symbolic systems that real people use in real practice to shape their thoughts. The research is based on the works of G. Frege, who laid the foundation for the formal-semantic methodology. Thus, the answer is given to the question of why modern formal linguistics, which originates in the analytical philosophy of the 20th century, is a philosophically significant discipline. This response is a reaction to the objections of skeptics who believe that modern analytic philosophy cannot be considered a direction that has any serious philosophical significance.
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Lange, Klaus-Jörn. "COMPLEXITY AND STRUCTURE IN FORMAL LANGUAGE THEORY." Fundamenta Informaticae 25, no. 3,4 (1996): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1996-253408.

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Leal, Wilmer, and Guillermo Restrepo. "Formal structure of periodic system of elements." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2224 (April 2019): 20180581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0581.

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For more than 150 years, the structure of the periodic system of the chemical elements has intensively motivated research in different areas of chemistry and physics. However, there is still no unified picture of what a periodic system is. Herein, based on the relations of order and similarity, we report a formal mathematical structure for the periodic system, which corresponds to an ordered hypergraph. It is shown that the current periodic system of chemical elements is an instance of the general structure. The definition is used to devise a tailored periodic system of polarizability of single covalent bonds, where order relationships are quantified within subsets of similar bonds and among these classes. The generalized periodic system allows envisioning periodic systems in other disciplines of science and humanities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Formal structure"

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Horton, Timothy James. "The formal structure of tonal theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284030.

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This thesis is concerned with the form of our mental representations of tonal pitch structure. It examines some of the considerations that are relevant to determining the form of such representations and, drawing upon some ideas from formal language theory, it outlines an elementary theory based upon these considerations. It is suggested that the goal of cognitivist tonal theory must be to account for the productivity and systematicity of our total cognition, a claim that has important ramifications for the architecture of the representational system involved. In particular, it requires that we describe tonal structure in terms of a finite set of primitives and a finite set of principles for combining them into larger structures, that is, in a way that explicitly recognises their combinatorial organisation. It also requires that we acknowledge the compositionality of tonal structures, namely, the way in which the nature of complex constructions is determined by the nature of their constituent parts and the syntactic principles by which these are combined. Following an examination of the plausible candidates, it is proposed that harmonic functions constitute the primitive vocabulary of the syntactic structure of tonal music. This involves a detailed investigation of the nature of harmonic function and a reformation of the concept in cognitivist terms. This reformulations, in turn, permits a study of how harmonic function interacts with the hierarchical organisation of tonal structure, where it is demonstrated that harmonic function has the potential to form the basis of dependency relations in tonal music. The range of possible functional categories is also considered, and some suggestions made as to how the traditional system of three functions might plausibly be extended. The types of structural relation that underlie the hierarchical organisation of tonal music are also a major focus of this thesis. The syntactic relations of constituency and dependency are discussed, and their manifestation in tonal music is examined in detail. Here it is argued that our mental representations of tonal structure must explicitly encode constituency, and thus a descriptively adequate form of tonal theory must be a combinatorial syntax.
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Landy, David. "Formal notations as diagrams of abstract structure." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278244.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Computer Science and Cognitive Science, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 11, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 6350. Advisers: Robert L. Goldstone; Michael Gasser.
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Joost, Katrin. "Formal ontology : the dynamic structure of Husserl's phenomenology." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413535.

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Bereza, Sarah. "Formularity and Formal Structure in the Old Beneventan Chant." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1312392657.

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Podiacki, Rodrigo. "Logicas da inconsistencia formal quantificadas." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281585.

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Orientador: Walter Carnielli
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T05:55:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Podiacki_Rodrigo_M.pdf: 538726 bytes, checksum: 3a51529177d89ce92122bde746a321c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver uma semântica correta e completa para uma classe de lógicas de primeira ordem conhecidas como Lógicas da Inconsistência Formal (LIFs). Após uma elucidação geral sobre semânticas paraconsistentes e de primeira ordem, uma LIF particular, chamada QmbC, será caracterizada axiomaticamente. Em seguida será construída uma semÂntica que se demonstrará correta e completa para a LIF em questão. Por fim, uma série de LIFs com propriedades sintáticas interessantes serão caracterizadas axiomaticamente, e será visto como a semântica construída para QmbC pode ser estendida para todas essas lógicas.
Abstract: This dissertation aims to develop a sound and complete semantics for a class of first-order logics known as Logics of Formal Inconsistency (LFIs). After general explanation about paraconsistent and first-order semantics, a particular LFI, labeled QmbC, will be characterized by means of an axiom system. Then a sound and complete semantics for it will be constructed. Finally, a variety of LFIs having nice syntactic properties will be axiomatically defined, and it will be shown how the semantics proposed for QmbC can be extended for all these logics.
Mestrado
Filosofia
Mestre em Filosofia
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Jarvis, Brian Edward. "Formal Structure in Puccini's Suor Angelica: Expanding Hepokoski's Rotational Analysis." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1307806816.

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Bischoff, Shannon T. "Functional Forms-Formal Functions: An Account of Coeur d'Alene Clause Structure." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194692.

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Coeur d'Alene, also known as Snchitsu'umshtsn, is a Southern Interior Salishan language no longer learned by children. Descriptive work on the language has been carried out since the early nineteenth-century (Tiet 1904 through 1909 in Boaz and Tiet 1930; Reichard 1927-29, 1938, 1939; Doak 1997); however, a formal account of the basic clause structure of this polysynthetic language has until now not been proposed. This thesis presents such a formal analysis within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995, 1998, 2000, 2001a, 2001b; Lasnik 1999a, 1999b, 2000; among others), employing the tenets of Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993; Harley and Noyer 1999; among others). Demonstrating that an analysis of person marking morphemes as bound pronouns (Jelinek 1984) is more "economical" in terms of Chomsky's (1995:367)Elementary Principles of Economy, the thesis goes on to account for the phenomena of lexical affixation (Carlson 1990; Kinkade 1998; Gerdts 2003; among others), in Coeur d'Alene as incorporation. Appealing to Hale and Keyser's (2002) theory of conflation as Head-movement (Harley 2004), an approach to incorporation is proposed which captures Chomsky's (1995) claim that head-movement is phonological while at the same time illustrating that lexical affixes in Coeur d'Alene serve as incorporated arguments. The thesis concludes with an articulation of the left periphery (material above vP here), based on the strict ordering of a series of mood, adverbial, model, and aspectual particles. It is shown that this articulation in Coeur d'Alene patterns with Cinque's (1999) proposed universal hierarchy of functional and adverbial heads. In this way, the basic clause structure of Coeur d'Alene is formally presented
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Nguyen, Manh Hung. "A logical framework for Trust-Related emotions : formal and behavioral results." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20090.

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Svensson, Tina. "Behovet av en genomtänkt kommunikationsstruktur- en studie av ett projektorienterat företag." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93442.

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Every organization goes through the same lifecycle. Through every step in the transformation to a better organization the communication structure changes. In this report there are examples of the communicational disadvantages that is connected to the communicational structure.By choosing to not have a formal communicational design, the manager takes a risk in spreading the information, the interaction, the control and the balance in creativity and constraint.This case organizations problem is that some parts of the organization has made more progress in the communicational structure than other parts. In this case the Collectivity structure has met the Formalized structure.Tha structural differences has came to affect the way of sharing information and it has become a situation where the information about the products is not stored in a safe way from a quality point of view. There is a gap between the two different ways of communicate.In this report I have created a model to identify problems in the communication structure. This is a tool to study the rest of the organization. This model is general and may be used on any organization.
En organisation genomgår olika livscykler. Genom varje steg i utvecklingen förändras organisationens kommunikationsstruktur. I den här rapporten finns exempel på de kommunikativa brister som uppkommit på grund av brister i den kommunikativa strukturen.Genom att inte ha en kommunikationsdesign för den formella kommunikationen utsätter ledningen organisationen för risker i informationsspridning, interaktion, kontroll och balans.Den studerade organisationen har kommit obalans genom att vissa avdelningar har kommit längre i sitt arbete med att formalisera och strukturera sitt arbete, medan andra avdelningar inte har haft samma strukturella utveckling. Interaktionen mellan dessa avdelningar har därför blivit en kommunikativ kulturkrock, där den Kollektiviserade strukturen möter den Formaliserade strukturen.De strukturella skillnaderna genomsyrar även avdelningarnas arbetssätt och innebär en brist ur kvalitetssynpunkt, då de båda strukturerna inte är överlappande.I rapporten har även en modell för att identifiera kommunikativa brister framtagits, för att caseföretaget ska kunna arbeta vidare med andra delar av organisationen och utreda sin kommunikativa struktur ytterligare. Modellen är av allmän karaktär och kan appliceras på en godtycklig organisation.
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Estabrooks, Carole Anne. "Research utilization in nursing, an examination of formal structure and influencing factors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21566.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Formal structure"

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Formal structure in Indian architecture. New York: Rizzoli, 1990.

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Formal structure of electromagnetics: General covariance and electromagnetics. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1997.

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Formal notes on Coeur d' Alene clause structure. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2010.

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Formal structure in Islamic architecture of Iran and Turkistan. New York: Rizzoli, 1990.

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Ho, Debbie G. E. Classroom talk: Exploring the sociocultural structure of formal ESL learning. 2nd ed. Bern [Switzerland]: P. Lang, 2007.

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Durham (England : County). County Council. Durham County structure plan: Submitted second formal alterations : August 1987. Durham: The County Council, 1987.

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Ghoshal, Sumantra. Interunit communication within MNCs: The influence of formal structure versus integrative processes. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1991.

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Xin, Zhou, ed. Xing shi yu yan, zi dong ji he yu fa fen xi. Wuchang: Hua zhong gong xue yuan chu ban she, 1985.

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Mukuka, Lawrence. To what extent does the content and structure of formal education help women gain access to to [sic] productive resources in Zambia's formal sector. Lusaka, Zambia: Study Fund, Social Recovery Project, 1993.

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Jr, Wise Herbert Harold. The relationship of pitch sets to formal structure in the last piano sonatas of Scirabin. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Formal structure"

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Buzmakov, Aleksey, Sergei O. Kuznetsov, and Amedeo Napoli. "Revisiting Pattern Structure Projections." In Formal Concept Analysis, 200–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19545-2_13.

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Mac Lane, Saunders. "Origins of Formal Structure." In Mathematics Form and Function, 6–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4872-9_2.

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De Santo, Aniello, and Thomas Graf. "Structure Sensitive Tier Projection: Applications and Formal Properties." In Formal Grammar, 35–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59648-7_3.

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Pin, J. E. "Structure of Finite Semigroups." In Varieties of Formal Languages, 45–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2215-3_4.

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Müller, Ingo, and Tomasso Ruggeri. "Formal Structure of Extended Thermodynamics." In Springer Tracts in Natural Philosophy, 27–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2210-1_3.

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Snoman, Rick. "Formal structure in dance music." In Dance Music Manual, 323–34. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429453830-26.

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Müller, Ingo, and Tommaso Ruggeri. "Formal Structure of Extended Thermodynamics." In Springer Tracts in Natural Philosophy, 125–38. New York, NY: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0447-0_6.

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Valverde-Albacete, Francisco J. "Explaining the Structure of FrameNet with Concept Lattices." In Formal Concept Analysis, 79–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32262-7_6.

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Cole, Richard, and Peter Becker. "Navigation Spaces for the Conceptual Analysis of Software Structure." In Formal Concept Analysis, 113–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32262-7_8.

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Kobayashi, Tsutomu, Fuyuki Ishikawa, and Shinichi Honiden. "Refactoring Refinement Structure of Event-B Machines." In FM 2016: Formal Methods, 444–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48989-6_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Formal structure"

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van Oostendorp, Marc. "Formal properties of metrical structure." In the sixth conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/976744.976782.

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Sarbo, Janos J. "Formal conceptual structure in language." In COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS. ASCE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58267.

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Li, Tong-Jun, Zhao-Zhi Wu, and Yan-Ling Jing. "A hierarchical structure of formal context." In 2011 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016864.

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Wallace, I. "Working witin a formal project structure." In IEE Colloquium on Management and Engineering. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19970047.

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"Session 9D - Problem structure in formal verification." In ICCAD-2005. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccad.2005.1560181.

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Kucherov, Sergey, Alexander Sviridov, and Svetlana A. Belousova. "The Formal Model of Structure-Independent Databases." In 3rd International Conference on Data Management Technologies and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005110301460152.

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Cimatti, Alessandro, Jori Dubrovin, Tommi Junttila, and Marco Roveri. "Structure-aware computation of predicate abstraction." In 2009 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fmcad.2009.5351149.

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Perepletchikov, Mikhail, Caspar Ryan, Keith Frampton, and Heinz W. Schmidt. "A Formal Model of Service-Oriented Design Structure." In 2007 Australian Software Engineering Conference (ASWEC'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aswec.2007.6.

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Harun, Fadilah, Noraida Haji Ali, and Noor Maizura Mohamad Nor. "Formal specification for basic video structure using Z." In 2014 8th Malaysian Software Engineering Conference (MySEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mysec.2014.6986013.

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Barros, Fernando J. "A Formal Definition of Dynamic Structure Hybrid Simulation Model." In 2008 ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation ( PADS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pads.2008.31.

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Reports on the topic "Formal structure"

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Moriconi, Mark. Structure Based Formal Methods for Software Engineering. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada211660.

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Sarli, John. The Structure of Formal Solutions to Navier's Equilibrium Equation. GIQ, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/giq-2-2001-287-293.

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Banerjee, Abhijit, Emily Breza, Arun Chandrasekhar, Esther Duflo, Matthew Jackson, and Cynthia Kinnan. Changes in Social Network Structure in Response to Exposure to Formal Credit Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28365.

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4

Corlin Christensen, Rasmus, Martin Hearson, and Tovony Randriamanalina. At the Table, Off the Menu? Assessing the Participation of Lower-Income Countries in Global Tax Negotiations. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.004.

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Since 2013, the formal structure of global corporate tax policymaking at the OECD has changed. Decisions are no longer made by 37 OECD members, but by 137 countries from all regions and levels of development through the ‘Inclusive Framework’ (IF). Official documentation emphasises that all countries participate on an ‘equal footing’, but some participants and observers have emphasised that developing countries in particular face practical obstacles that lead to unequal participation in practice. In this paper, we assess these claims, drawing primarily on 48 interviews with negotiators, policymakers and stakeholders involved in global tax discussions. We find that the explosion in formal membership has not in itself led to the step-change in developing country influence that the raw numbers imply. This is because of a combination of structural obstacles that are not unique to the IF, and some challenging aspects of the OECD’s way of working. Yet, lower-income countries have made some modest achievements to date, and there are signs of incremental progress towards a more effective presence. We develop a typology of mechanisms through which successes have been achieved: association with the efforts of more powerful states, anticipation of lower-income countries’ needs by the OECD secretariat and others, collaboration to form more powerful coalitions, and the emergence of expert negotiators with individual authority.
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Heymsfield, Ernie, and Jeb Tingle. State of the practice in pavement structural design/analysis codes relevant to airfield pavement design. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40542.

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An airfield pavement structure is designed to support aircraft live loads for a specified pavement design life. Computer codes are available to assist the engineer in designing an airfield pavement structure. Pavement structural design is generally a function of five criteria: the pavement structural configuration, materials, the applied loading, ambient conditions, and how pavement failure is defined. The two typical types of pavement structures, rigid and flexible, provide load support in fundamentally different ways and develop different stress distributions at the pavement – base interface. Airfield pavement structural design is unique due to the large concentrated dynamic loads that a pavement structure endures to support aircraft movements. Aircraft live loads that accompany aircraft movements are characterized in terms of the load magnitude, load area (tire-pavement contact surface), aircraft speed, movement frequency, landing gear configuration, and wheel coverage. The typical methods used for pavement structural design can be categorized into three approaches: empirical methods, analytical (closed-form) solutions, and numerical (finite element analysis) approaches. This article examines computational approaches used for airfield pavement structural design to summarize the state-of-the-practice and to identify opportunities for future advancements. United States and non-U.S. airfield pavement structural codes are reviewed in this article considering their computational methodology and intrinsic qualities.
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Wildgrube, M. Structured Data Exchange Format (SDXF). RFC Editor, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3072.

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Spangler, Stephen, Roger Fujan, Carl Broyles, Brian Baker, Justin Jameson, Gerald Piotrowski, John Groboski, and Steve Hutsell. Record Package guidance : best practices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41460.

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The CAD/BIM Technology Center receives numerous questions throughout the year regarding the development of a Record Package that shows as-built conditions. While the Center does produce Standards on the look and organization of CAD drawings that are used to show as-built conditions, users wanted guidance on the Record Package development. The Chicago District had undertaken the development of such guidance, but a formal document was never officially released. The CAD/BIM Community of Practice (CoP) Work Structure Committee finished this guidance and their efforts are reflected in this document.
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Bell, Gary, and Duncan Bryant. Red River Structure physical model study : bulkhead testing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40970.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District, and its non-federal sponsors are designing and constructing a flood risk management project that will reduce the risk of flooding in the Fargo-Moorhead metropolitan area. There is a 30-mile long diversion channel around the west side of the city of Fargo, as well as a staging area that will be formed upstream of a 20-mile long dam (referred to as the Southern Embankment) that collectively includes an earthen embankment with three gated structures: the Diversion Inlet Structure, the Wild Rice River Structure, and the Red River Structure (RRS). A physical model has been constructed and analyzed to assess the hydraulic conditions near and at the RRS for verification of the structure’s flow capacity as well as optimization of design features for the structure. This report describes the modeling techniques and instrumentation used in the investigation and details the evaluation of the forces exerted on the proposed bulkheads during emergency operations for the RRS.
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Patel, Reena. Complex network analysis for early detection of failure mechanisms in resilient bio-structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41042.

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Bio-structures owe their remarkable mechanical properties to their hierarchical geometrical arrangement as well as heterogeneous material properties. This dissertation presents an integrated, interdisciplinary approach that employs computational mechanics combined with flow network analysis to gain fundamental insights into the failure mechanisms of high performance, light-weight, structured composites by examining the stress flow patterns formed in the nascent stages of loading for the rostrum of the paddlefish. The data required for the flow network analysis was generated from the finite element analysis of the rostrum. The flow network was weighted based on the parameter of interest, which is stress in the current study. The changing kinematics of the structural system was provided as input to the algorithm that computes the minimum-cut of the flow network. The proposed approach was verified using two classical problems three- and four-point bending of a simply-supported concrete beam. The current study also addresses the methodology used to prepare data in an appropriate format for a seamless transition from finite element binary database files to the abstract mathematical domain needed for the network flow analysis. A robust, platform-independent procedure was developed that efficiently handles the large datasets produced by the finite element simulations. Results from computational mechanics using Abaqus and complex network analysis are presented.
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Hendrickson, Aidan, and Philippe Pierre Pebay. Recommendations on a Document Structure Format for Automatic Report Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1376817.

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