Journal articles on the topic 'Forests'
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1
Allen, Iris, Sophan Chhin, and Jianwei Zhang. "Fire and Forest Management in Montane Forests of the Northwestern States and California, USA." Fire 2, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire2020017.
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We reviewed forest management in the mountainous regions of several northwestern states and California in the United States and how it has impacted current issues facing these forests. We focused on the large-scale activities like fire suppression and logging which resulted in landscape level changes. We divided the region into two main forests types; wet, like the forests in the Pacific Northwest, and dry, like the forests in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges. In the wet forests, the history of intensive logging shaped the current forest structure, while fire suppression played a more major role in the dry forests. Next, we looked at how historical management has influenced new forest management challenges, like catastrophic fires, decreased heterogeneity, and climate change. We then synthesized what current management actions are performed to address these issues, like thinning to reduce fuels or improve structural heterogeneity, and restoration after large-scale disturbances. Lastly, we touch on some major policies that have influenced changes in management. We note a trend towards ecosystem management that considers a forest’s historical disturbance regime. With expected climate induced changes in fire frequency, it is suggested that fuel treatments be implemented in dry forests to ensure an understory fire regime is restored in these forest systems. With respect to wet forests in this region, it is suggested that there is still a place for stand-replacing fire regimes. However, these forests will require structural changes incorporating heterogeneity to improve their resiliency and health.
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Moreno, Adam, Mathias Neumann, Phillip M. Mohebalian, Christopher Thurnher, and Hubert Hasenauer. "The Continental Impact of European Forest Conservation Policy and Management on Productivity Stability." Remote Sensing 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11010087.
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The ecological impact of continental scale land-use policies that influence forest management is often difficult to quantify. European forest conservation began in 1909 with a marked increase in designated areas with the inception of Natura 2000 in the early 1990s. It has been shown that increases in European forest mortality may be linked to climate variability. Measuring productivity response to climate variability may be a valid proxy indicating a forest’s ability to bear this disturbance. Net Primary Production (NPP) response to climate variability has also been linked to functional diversity within forests. Using a European specific annual MODIS NPP estimates, we assess the NPP response to climate variability differences between actively managed forests, which experience human interventions and conserved, Protected Area (PA) forests with minimal to no human impact. We found, on the continental scale, little to no differences in NPP response between managed and conserved forests. However, on the regional scale, differences emerge that are driven by the historic forest management practices and the potential speciation of the area. Northern PA forests show the same NPP response to climate variability as their actively managed counter parts. PA forests tend to have less NPP response to climate variability in the South and in older conserved forests. As the time a forest has been designated, as a PA, extends past its typically actively managed rotation length, greater differences begin to emerge between the two management types.
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Messerli, Siroco. "Agroforestry – A way forward to the sustainable management of the Walnut Fruit Forests in Kyrgyzstan." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 153, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2002.0392.
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The unique Walnut Fruit Forests in Kyrgyzstan are a good example of the multifunctional use of forests in temperate zones. Not only are non-timber forest products (NTFPs) collected but the land in and around the forests is used for grazing and haymaking, as well as for arable cropping and the establishment of fruit orchards. Apart from sustaining the lives of the local mountain people, the Walnut Fruit Forests are extremely rich in biodiversity and have an important function as a watershed for the Ferghana valley. The simultaneous dependence of the population on both agriculture and forest offers ideal conditions for the extension and improvement of existing agroforestry systems. However, solutions must be found concerning the practice of uncontrolled grazing, the insecure land and tree tenure situation, the low productivity of the existing land use systems, the lack of agricultural advice and training and the serious impact of firewood collection on the forests in order to safeguard the Walnut Fruit Forest’s biodiversity while integrating the needs of the local population into forest management.
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Sadowska, Beata. "Forest protection costs in sustainable forest management. The example of Poland." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 46, no. 3 (August 28, 2022): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9602.
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Purpose: The main aim of the study is to analyze the costs of forest protection incurred by Poland's State Forests and to present the activities performed as part of forest protection. The specific objective is to present the method and place of disclosing and reporting information on actions to prevent damage to the forest and on the costs of forest protec-tion on a general level. Methodology/approach: The considerations in the study are presented against the views presented in the literature on the subject by selected authors. The methods of critical analysis and synthesis, inference, and a case study were used. The data for the analyses were taken from the financial and economic reports of the State Forests for the years 2016–2019, from the statistical studies „Forestry”, and reports obtained as part of the application submitted to the State Forests for the reuse of public sector information. Pearson's linear correlation analysis was used, as well as an agglomeration grouping method – Ward's method – which uses the analysis of variance approach in its procedures. Findings: The scale of forest protection measures varied between State Forests in the analyzed period. The highest costs for forest protection in total are borne by forest dis-tricts located in the area of State Forests in Wrocław, and the lowest costs for forest protection in total are borne by forest districts located in the area of State Forests in Kra-ków. The smallest area protected against insects covers forest districts located in the State Forests in Krakow. With the increase in the costs of forest protection, State Forest’s own costs also increase. The highest relationship was noted in 2017, with a correla-tion coefficient of 0.86. Research limitations: The research sample is limited to one country. Originality/value: The presented voice in the discussion fills the research gap in terms of information about State Forests’ activities to protect the forest and the subsequent costs incurred. The use of Ward’s method allowed similar regional directorates of State Forests to be grouped from the perspective of forest protection costs and protective measures (area approach), which is the basis for extended research in this area from the point of view of the natural diversity of these units (narrowing the research and conducting it in similar State Forests units).
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Sriwanita, Capra, Mubarak Mubarak, and Tengku Nurhidayah. "Analisis Luasan Hutan Kota Berdasarkan Kemampuan Menyerap CO2, Kebutuhan O2 dan Kebutuhan Air di Kota Pekanbaru." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 4, no. 2 (July 24, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.4.2.p.75-85.
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This research was conducted from July 2016 through October 2016 on the Urban Forests of Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. The goals of this research are to analyze the area of urban forests required based on its ability and capacity for CO2 absorption and the need and capacity to provide O2 and water for its inhabitants in the city of Pekanbaru. The results of this research conclude that Urban Forest area required by the 2016 all area of the city of Pekanbaru based on the Urban Forest’s ability to absorb CO2 is 3,246 Ha, the Urban Forest area needed for O2 is 3,376 Ha and Urban Forest area needed for water is 7,360 Ha. The best approach in calculating the need for Urban Forests is based on water need.
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Li, Z., and T. Zhou. "Optimization of forest age-dependent light-use efficiency and its implications on climate-vegetation interactions in china." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-449-2015.
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Forest’s net primary productivity (NPP) is a key index in studying interactions of climate and vegetation, and accurate prediction of NPP is essential to understand the forests’ response to climate change. The magnitude and trends of forest NPP not only depend on climate factors (e.g., temperature and precipitation), but also on the succession stages (i.e., forest stand age). Although forest stand age plays a significant role on NPP, it is usually ignored by remote sensing-based models. In this study, we used remote sensing data and meteorological data to estimate forest NPP in China based on CASA model, and then employed field observations to inversely estimate the parameter of maximum light-use efficiency (ε<sub>max</sub>) of forests in different stand ages. We further developed functions to describe the relationship between maximum light-use efficiency (ε<sub>max</sub>) and forest stand age, and estimated forest age-dependent NPP based on these functions. The results showed that ε<sub>max</sub> has changed according to forest types and the forest stand age. For deciduous broadleaf forest, the average ε<sub>max</sub> of young, middle-aged and mature forest are 0.68, 0.65 and 0.60 gC MJ<sup>-1</sup>. For evergreen broadleaf forest, the average εmax of young, middle-aged and mature forests are 1.05, 1.01 and 0.99 gC MJ<sup>-1</sup>. For evergreen needleleaf forest, the average ε<sub>max</sub> of young, middle-aged and mature forests are 0.72, 0.57 and 0.52 gC MJ<sup>-1</sup>.The NPP of young and middle-aged forests were underestimated based on a constant ε<sub>max</sub>. Young forests and middle-aged forests had higher ε<sub>max</sub>, and they were more sensitive to trends and fluctuations of climate change, so they led to greater annual fluctuations of NPP. These findings confirm the importance of considering forest stand age to the estimation of NPP and they are significant to study the response of forests to climate change.
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Spracklen, Ben, and Dominick V. Spracklen. "Determination of Structural Characteristics of Old-Growth Forest in Ukraine Using Spaceborne LiDAR." Remote Sensing 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071233.
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A forest’s structure changes as it progresses through developmental stages from establishment to old-growth forest. Therefore, the vertical structure of old-growth forests will differ from that of younger, managed forests. Free, publicly available spaceborne Laser Range and Detection (LiDAR) data designed for the determination of forest structure has recently become available through NASA’s General Ecosystem and Development Investigation (GEDI). We use this data to investigate the structure of some of the largest remaining old-growth forests in Europe in the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains. We downloaded 18489 cloud-free shots in the old-growth forest (OGF) and 20398 shots in adjacent non-OGF areas during leaf-on, snow-free conditions. We found significant differences between OGF and non-OGF over a wide range of structural metrics. OGF was significantly more open, with a more complex vertical structure and thicker ground-layer vegetation. We used Random Forest classification on a range of GEDI-derived metrics to classify OGF shapefiles with an accuracy of 73%. Our work demonstrates the use of spaceborne LiDAR for the identification of old-growth forests.
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Giannini, R., and L. Susmel. "Forests, woods, forest plantations." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 3, no. 4 (December 18, 2006): 464–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0424-0030464.
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Zhao, Junfang, Jinlong Ai, Yujie Zhu, Ruixi Huang, Huiwen Peng, and Hongfei Xie. "Carbon budget of different forests in China estimated by an individual-based model and remote sensing." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 9, 2023): e0285790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285790.
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Forests play a key role in the regional or global carbon cycle. Determining the forest carbon budget is of great significance for estimating regional carbon budgets and formulating forest management policies to cope with climate change. However, the carbon budget of Chinese different forests and their relative contributions are not completely clear so far. We evaluated the carbon budget of different forests from 1981 to 2020 in China through combining model with remote sensing observation. In addition, we also determined the relative contribution of carbon budget of each forest type to all forests in China. Eight forest types were studied: evergreen coniferous forest (ECF), deciduous coniferous forest (DCF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBF), deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBF), seasonal rain forest (SRF), and rain forest (RF). The results indicated that the Chinese forests were mainly carbon sink from 1981 to 2020, particularly the annual average carbon budget of forest from 2011 to 2020 was 0.191 PgC·a-1. Spatially, the forests’ carbon budget demonstrated obvious regional differences, gradually decreasing from Southeast China to Northwest China. The relative contributions of carbon budget in different forests to all forests in China were different. During 2011–2020, the ECF forests contributed the most carbon budget (34.45%), followed by DBF forests (25.89%), EBF forests (24.82%), EDBF forests (13.10%), RF forests (2.23%), SRF forests (3.14%) and CBF forests (1.14%). However, the DCF forests were found mainly as carbon source. These results contribute to our understanding of regional carbon budget of forests.
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Safe'i, Rahmat, Christine Wulandari, and Hari Kaskoyo. "Assessment of Forest Health in Various Forest Types in Lampung Province." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 1 (February 17, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1795-109.
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In Lampung Province, awareness of the importance of forest health in achieving sustainable forest management in various types of forests is still low so that forest health problems have not received serious attention so far. This study aims to obtain indicators of forest health assessment and the status of forest health conditions in various types of forests in Lampung Province. This research was carried out in mangrove and community forests in East Lampung District, and protected and conservation forests in Tanggamus District in 2018. The stages of this study consisted of formulating guarantees of forest health indicators, making measuring plots, measuring forest health, processing data, and forest health assessment. The results showed that indicators for assessing the health of forests in mangrove forests are vitality and biodiversity, in community forests are productivity, vitality and site quality, in protected forests are biodiversity, vitality and productivity, and in conservation forests are biodiversity and productivity. The status of health conditions in each cluster of plots in mangrove forest is bad and good, in community forests is good and medium, in protected forests is bad and good, and in conservation forests are bad and good.Keywords: indicator, forest health status, forest types, Lampung Province
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Fornal-Pieniak, Beata, Filip Kamionowski, Marcin Ollik, Paweł Szumigała, Barbara Żarska, and Karolina Szumigała. "The Impact of Adjacent Road on Vascular Plant Species Composition in Herbaceous Layers of Peucedano-Pinetum and Tilio-Carpinetum Urban Forests in the City of Warsaw (Poland)." Forests 14, no. 12 (December 9, 2023): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122401.
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The research was conducted in two types of urban forests: Peucedano-Pinetum and Tilio-Carpinetum. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in plant species compositions in the herbaceous layer of urban forests with different habitat fertility adjacent to the road in the northern part of Warsaw (Poland). Seven transects were laid out in each type of forest, with 10 plots spread out from the edge zone (forest border) to the interior of the forests. The size of each plot was 100 m2. The other seven transects were located within the forest, 150 to 200 m away from the forest’s edge. The field research included phytosociological relevés carried out on the existing transects. The indoor studies included an analysis of forest community disturbance. Furthermore, an analysis of abiotic environmental conditions using ecological indicator numbers was carried out. Ecotones of Peucedano-Pinetum are more likely to be colonized by the species inconsistent with the habitat due to processes that increase habitat fertility. The Tilio-Carpinetum forest is more easily colonized by invasive plant species than the Peucedano-Pinetum. The range of road effects can be determined as an area located within 90 m inward of the forest in the case of the Peucedano-Pinetum community and 100 m in the case of the Tilio-Carpinetum community. The presented research is important for formulating directions about how to manage the forests and their surroundings in terms of shaping forests of more natural character, with species more consistent with a forest habitat.
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Bondar, O. B., L. I. Tkach, O. O. Chuikova, and A. S. Zolotarova. "Типологічне різноманіття лісів на водозборі річки Сіверський Донець на території Луганської області." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 3 (August 13, 2017): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_59.
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Typological analysis of watershed forests of the Seversky Donets River was carried out on the basis of forest management data with electronic databases of "Ukrderzhlisproekt" Production Association. More than 27 types of forest were analyzed with total size of 228.2 thousand hectares. The classification of forest growth conditions, forest types and tree species on the left and right banks of the Seversky Donets River was done for the Luhansk region. We determined that the forest fund of the Luhansk region consists from the oak forests – 46.4 %, sudubrava – 21.1 %, conifer forest – 17.5 %. The proportion of coniferous forests makes up to 15.0 % of total forest area. We calculated that the area of common oak and common pine is 86.9 and 70.9·103 ha respectively. The following types of forests are prevailing: dry birchbark-marple sudubrava (30.8 %), fresh oak-pine sudubrava (13.1%), dry Tatarian maple sudubrava (12.9%), and fresh pine forest (10.6%). In the forest area of the Luhansk region we registered 70 tree species, of which 19 species – in oak-pine forest; 37 – in conifer forest; 55 – in sudubrava; 59 – in oak forest. By categories of protection the recreation forests (51.7 %) and protective forests (42.0 %) are the dominant. The forests of nature protection, forests of scientific, historical and cultural significance have only 6.4 % from the total forest area. The structure of forests by age groups was: middle-aged forests – 41.3 %, young growths – 17.8 %, ripening forests – 15.5 %, mature forests – 16.7 %, and old growth forests – 13.3 % from total forest area of Luhansk region.
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Ahmed, Ayaz. "Effects of joint forest management on forest conditions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Technium EcoGeoMarine 1, no. 1 (September 28, 2022): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/eco.v1i1.7476.
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This study measured the effects of joint forest management (JFM) on forest conditions in purposively selected three forest divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The technique of experimental (JFM) versus control (non-JFM) group was applied. Assessment was made between JFM forest and nearby similar non-JFM forest located in the same forest-ecological and socio-economic settings. A total of 393 sample plots (234 from JFM forests while 159 from non-JFM forests) were assessed. Results of independent sample t-test revealed significant difference between JFM and non-JFM forests. Average tree density of JFM forests was 276 trees/ha while for non-JFM forests it was 247 trees/ha. Similarly average seedlings density/ha in JFM forests was 3114 as compared to 1987 in non-JFM forests. Data analysis explored that human disturbances were more in non-JFM forests as compared to JFM forests where joint forest management committees played active role in their protection. In JFM forests, forest protection and improvement activities were observed more times as compared to non-JFM forests. So, this can be concluded that JFM has remarkable contribution in protection and improvement of forests in study areas. It is recommended that network of JFMCs should be extended to non-JFM forests for protecting them from further degradation.
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Güleç Uğur, Dilek, and Tayyibe Altunel. "An Assessment of Forestry Policy in The European Union, Turkey and Various Countries." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (April 29, 2024): 714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12i4.714-725.6700.
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In many parts of the world, forests have been seen only as an economic value and forestry policies have been in this direction. Later, when forests started to disappear, the protectionist period started and forest policies were shaped in this direction. In this study, the reflections of sustainable foresty policy and environmental and forest protection in the Eurpoion Union (EU), Turkey and a few other countries are examined and the protection measures and recommendations of the countries are analyzed. The aim of the study is to reveal the devolopment process of forestry policies and to reveal what has been done to ensure the protection of forests. When we look at the policies followed by the countries, it is seen that the world is now pursuing a conscious forestry policy.
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Grużewska, Agata, Katarzyna Rymuza, and Marek Niewęgłowski. "Variation Between Voivodships in Terms of Forest Area and Silviculture Activities in Polish Forests in 2015-2019." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021): 524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.037.
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The objective of the study reported here was to compare voivodships in terms of forest area, forest regeneration area, afforested area, thinned forest area and natural forest regeneration area Main Statistical Office data for Polish voivodships was analysed. It included forest area, natural forest regeneration and silviculture activities (forest regeneration, afforestations and thinning) in all forests, state-owned forests and privately-owned forests. Voivodships were compared using the arithmetic mean, the indicator of structure, the average rate of change, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Principal Component Analysis, revealed that state-owned forest area, forest regeneration in state forests, total forest regeneration, and thinning in state-owned forests had the greatest share in the multivariate variation among voivodships analysed in terms of forestry. Cluster analysis yielded two groups of voivodships. The voivodships in the first group had a higher average total forest area, area of state-owned forests, total area of forest regeneration and forest regeneration in state-owned forests, area of natural forest regeneration and thinning in state-owned forests. On average, forests of voivodships which formed group 2 included less privately-owned forests in which fewer forest regeneration and afforestation activities had been conducted. Opolskie and Śląskie Voivodships as well as Łódzkie and Świętokrzyskie Voivodships were the most similar in terms of all the analysed characteristics.
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Lukina, N. V., A. P. Geraskina, A. V. Gornov, N. E. Shevchenko, A. V. Kuprin, T. I. Chernov, S. I. Chumachenko, et al. "BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE-REGULATING FUNCTIONS OF FORESTS: CURRENT ISSUES AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS." FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 1, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 1–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-202141k-60.
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The problem of assessing the impact of biodiversity on the climate-regulating functions of forests is fundamental. It is of great applied importance for sustainable forest management in the context of global climate change. On the one hand, climate change affects biodiversity; on the other hand, biodiversity underlies the mechanisms of adaptation of forests and society to these changes, because it is a provider of all ecosystem functions. This article aims to discuss scientific issues currently faced by scientists, such as the relationships between biodiversity and climate-regulating functions of forests, and to outline the perspective of the studies. There are numerous studies that describe the influence of certain plant and animal species – ecosystem engineers – on the ecosystem, including climate-regulating functions of forests. However, we lack estimates of the combined effect of the diversity of biota of different trophic levels and groups on the completeness of the implementation of climate-regulating functions of forests of different types/at different succession stages. We emphasise the importance of accounting for such estimates as taxonomic, including genetic, and the functional and structural diversity of forests. We considered various concepts of forest management, taking into account the conservation and restoration of biodiversity. The most important aspect of this problem is estimates and forecasts of interrelationships (trade-offs and synergies) between climate-regulating and other ecosystem functions of forests characterised by different levels of biodiversity, with their natural development and with the combined impact of various natural and anthropogenic factors on forests, including climate change, fires, and forest management regimes. Integration of mathematical models is a promising approach to assess and predict the dynamics of relationships between various ecosystem functions of forests.
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Anderegg, William R. L., Anna T. Trugman, Grayson Badgley, Christa M. Anderson, Ann Bartuska, Philippe Ciais, Danny Cullenward, et al. "Climate-driven risks to the climate mitigation potential of forests." Science 368, no. 6497 (June 18, 2020): eaaz7005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz7005.
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Forests have considerable potential to help mitigate human-caused climate change and provide society with many cobenefits. However, climate-driven risks may fundamentally compromise forest carbon sinks in the 21st century. Here, we synthesize the current understanding of climate-driven risks to forest stability from fire, drought, biotic agents, and other disturbances. We review how efforts to use forests as natural climate solutions presently consider and could more fully embrace current scientific knowledge to account for these climate-driven risks. Recent advances in vegetation physiology, disturbance ecology, mechanistic vegetation modeling, large-scale ecological observation networks, and remote sensing are improving current estimates and forecasts of the risks to forest stability. A more holistic understanding and quantification of such risks will help policy-makers and other stakeholders effectively use forests as natural climate solutions.
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Li, Donghe, Huigang Mu, Yelin Gao, Min Lu, and Chunlu Liu. "A GIS-Based Analysis of the Carbon-Oxygen Balance of Urban Forests in the Southern Mountainous Area of Jinan, China." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 16135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316135.
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The urban forest is a vital carbon sink base in a city. The carbon-oxygen balance capacity of urban forests affects the urban carbon cycle and urban sustainable development. The forests maintain the carbon-oxygen balance through carbon sequestration and oxygen release (CSOR) processes. The carbon-oxygen balance of urban forests is formed by offsetting the carbon release and oxygen consumption (CROC) process of urban social activities through the CSOR process of forestland. Based on GIS technology, this research used the carbon-oxygen balance model to analyze the CROC and CSOR and study the carbon-oxygen balance of urban forests in the southern mountainous area of Jinan, China. The results of the increase in the carbon-oxygen balance coefficients showed that the carbon-oxygen balance capacity of urban forests showed a decreasing trend, with the decrease in forest area and the increase in fossil energy consumption from 2000 to 2019 in the southern mountainous area of Jinan. To increase the urban carbon-oxygen balance capacity, the city should expand its woodland area to improve the urban forest’s CSOR capacity and adjust the urban energy consumption structure to reduce the CROC of urban social activities.
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Tavankar, F., R. Picchio, A. Lo Monaco, and A. E. Bonyad. " Forest management and snag characteristics in Northern Iran lowland forests." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 10 (October 22, 2014): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2014-jfs.
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Some snag characteristics were studied in three different Hyrcanian lowland forests. The highest snag density (38.4 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>) was found in fully protected forests, and it was significantly higher than in selectively logged (23.7 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>) and open access forests (8.8 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>). The snag volume, diameter and height were also significantly higher in the fully protected forests. The number of snag species was recorded in fully protected (9), selectively logged (5) and open access forests (4). The snags were more evenly distributed among diameter, height and decay classes in the fully protected forest. The larger diameter snags (> 90 cm) and snags higher than 15 m in height were not found in the open access forest. The snags of decay class 5 had a density of 6.8 stem·ha<sup>–1 </sup>in the fully protected forest, while they had a low density (1.5 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>) in the selectively logged forest and they were not found in the open access forest. Target values of snags for managed lowland forests in Iran were defined in relation to management influences.
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Kozłowska-Adamczak, Monika, Patrycja Essing-Jelonkiewicz, and Aleksandra Jezierska-Thöle. "Leveraging Information and Communication Technologies in Forest Ecotourism: A Case Study from Poland." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010056.
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Ecotourism encompasses various forms of tourism which are implemented in accordance with the principles of sustainable development of the EU. They maintain a balance between the three pillars of sustainable development: economic development, sustainable use of natural resources, and respect for social and cultural values. Ecotourism in forests holds particular significance due to its ability to sustain the ecological, social, and economic integrity of these areas. Activities promoting access to forests focus on ensuring a safe and enriching experience for forest users while simultaneously conserving nature. In response to the needs of forest tourism and recreation enthusiasts, innovative developments and new information and communications technologies (ICTs) such as websites, web platforms, mobile apps, QR codes, and others are being introduced with increasing frequency. These technologies already have a wide range of applications in providing access to tourism information and services in other sectors of tourism management and are now supplanting conventional sightseeing information systems. This paper aims to present the activities currently underway in connection with the development of a new tourism and recreation offering in the forests owned by the State Treasury and managed by the State Forests National Forest Holding in Poland. The research involved conducting an environmental survey among representatives of all forest districts in Poland (n = 425). A questionnaire survey was created using the Microsoft Forms web-based programme and made available online to representatives of all State Forests’ forest districts in Poland participating in the Stay Overnight in the Forest programme. The scope of this paper covers the present day, with a primary focus on desk research and analysis of statistics and source materials pertaining to the period from 2007 to 2022, retrieved from internal documents and reports prepared by the General Directorate of the State Forests. The research demonstrated that technological innovations such as mobile apps, social media, websites, web portals, and YouTube TV, when employed for developing forest tourism and forest recreation in Poland, can contribute to the advancement of the forest’s non-productive role, namely, a social role and in particular, the tourism, leisure, and recreational function of the State Forests.
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Woods, Carrie L., Amare Bitew Mekonnen, Mabel Baez-Schon, Robyn Thomas, Peter Scull, Berhanu Abraha Tsegay, and Catherine L. Cardelús. "Tree Community Composition and Dispersal Syndrome Vary with Human Disturbance in Sacred Church Forests in Ethiopia." Forests 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101082.
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Research Highlights: Variations in species composition across church forests in northern Ethiopia were driven more by variations in human disturbance and community forest management than forest size. The degree of human disturbance acted as an environmental filter that selected for weedy, exotic, and wind-dispersed species regardless of forest size. Background and Objectives: Forest fragmentation can profoundly influence the long-term persistence of forests on the landscape. Habitat fragmentation can increase edge effects and limit dispersal between forest patches. In the South Gondar Administrative Zone in northern Ethiopia, many of the remaining forests are small sacred church forests governed by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church. Materials and Methods: We examined the drivers of woody plant species composition across 46 church forests in this region, including the influence of elevation, forest size, distance between forests, human disturbance, the presence of a wall, and the importance of local/individual community forest management at the Woreda level. We also examined how dispersal syndromes are influenced by increasing distance between forests and the extent of human disturbance within forests. Results: We found that elevational zone, distance between forests, the degree of human disturbance and Woreda had the greatest effect on species composition. Forest size and the presence of a wall were not significant drivers of species composition in these forests. Conclusions: We propose connecting forests through corridors or scattered trees to increase dispersal between forests, and greater on-the-ground protection efforts to restrict people and cattle from leaving the main trails within sacred forests
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Won, Suyeon, and Youngkeun Song. "Assessment of Temperate Deciduous Forest Communities and Structures after Restoration through the Multi-Reference Ecosystems Framework." Forests 15, no. 4 (March 26, 2024): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15040597.
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The reference forest serves as a model for forest ecosystem restoration and can be employed to assess the vegetation of the Restored Forest, thereby confirming the success of restoration. When evaluating restoration, employing multireference forests is advantageous for discerning gradual changes in Restored Forests. However, in previous studies, their utilization has been limited to comparisons with individual ecosystems. Therefore, this study investigates the status of Restored Forests in previously damaged areas and their resemblance to reference forests across four forest types, namely Climax Forest (CF), Secondary Forest (SF), Restored Forest (RF), and Planted Forest (PF). Reference forests, serving as model targets for restoration, include CF and SF, while RF and PF represent the restoration forests. Six target sites within two temperate deciduous forests (Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis) were selected, and a comparative analysis of species diversity, dominance, and evenness was conducted. This study revealed that the dominant species in the top canopy of restoration forests mirrored those in reference forests, with Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima being prevalent. A similarity index of over 60% and a high correlation of 0.987 were observed in the top canopy layer between the reference and restored ecosystems (CF-RF/SF-PF). These findings enhance our understanding of the current status of Restored Forests and advocate for the utilization of multiple reference forests for successful restoration efforts.
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Mandziuk, Agnieszka, Beata Fornal-Pieniak, Dagmara Stangierska, Stanisław Parzych, and Katarzyna Widera. "Social Preferences of Young Adults Regarding Urban Forest Recreation Management in Warsaw, Poland." Forests 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111524.
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The paper presents results of questionnaire research conducted to determine social preferences regarding leisure in Warsaw municipal forests (WMF) (Poland). The preferences pertained to frequency of visits and willingness to pay for recreational infrastructure in a forest depending on its appearance, level of development, and the respondent’s income. The data were processed using statistical analysis (ANOVA Friedman test, U Mann–Whitney test, logistic regression). The results show that the higher the development level of a forest, the more often young people choose it for leisure. Willingness to pay for a forest depends on its development level, with respondents more willing to fund forests with a higher development level. No such correlation with the respondents’ income was found. Preferences regarding the selection of a specific type of forest for leisure were dependent on per capita income of the respondents only in the case of forests at a lower level of development. A forest’s preference level affected the willingness to pay for it and varied depending on the development level.
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Li, P., J. Zhu, H. Hu, Z. Guo, Y. Pan, R. Birdsey, and J. Fang. "The relative contributions of forest growth and areal expansion to forest biomass carbon sinks in China." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 12 (June 30, 2015): 9587–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-9587-2015.
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Abstract. Forests play a leading role in regional and global terrestrial carbon (C) cycles. Changes in C sequestration within forests can be attributed to areal expansion (increase in forest area) and forest growth (increase in biomass density). Detailed assessment of the relative contributions of areal expansion and forest growth to C sinks is crucial to reveal the mechanisms that control forest C sinks and is helpful for developing sustainable forest management policies in the face of climate change. Using the Forest Identity concept and forest inventory data, this study quantified the spatial and temporal changes in the relative contributions of forest areal expansion and increased biomass growth to China's forest C sinks from 1977 to 2008. Over the last 30 years, the areal expansion of forests was a larger contributor to C sinks than forest growth for all forests and planted forests in China (74.6 vs. 25.4 % for all forests, and 62.4 vs. 37.8 % for plantations). However, for natural forests, forest growth made a larger contribution than areal expansion (60.4 vs. 39.6 %). The relative contribution of forest growth of planted forests showed an increasing trend from an initial 25.3 to 61.0 % in the later period of 1998 to 2003, but for natural forests, the relative contributions were variable without clear trends owing to the drastic changes in forest area and biomass density over the last 30 years. Our findings suggest that afforestation can continue to increase the C sink of China's forests in the future subject to persistently-increasing forest growth after establishment of plantation.
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Glushko, S. G., I. R. Galiullin, and N. B. Prokhorenko. "Implementation of tree species strategy during progressive successions." FORESTRY BULLETIN 25, no. 1 (February 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-1-5-12.
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On the example of regeneration succession in forests, the features of silvicultural properties of the main forest-forming species growing in oak forests of the Middle Volga region are considered. The conclusion is made about the predominance of pioneer-serial forest communities formed by pioneer species in the study area. The pioneer species, which differ significantly in their silvicultural properties from the so-called «primary forest species», are predominant in modern forests. It is shown that at the later stages of reforestation successions, pioneer-serial forest communities are of great importance, the productivity of which becomes stable. The incomplete nature of progressive successions in the surveyed forests was revealed. To restore primary forests, a set of additional measures is required to facilitate the forests reconstruction and the entire forest fund of the region. The mass destruction of forests influences the processes of forest growing conditions and it is determined as a topical issue for further study. The connection between changes in the main forest species and forest communities and changes in forest growing conditions has been established. It is indicated that deforestation massively destroys the biotic environment and alters environmental processes, being the reason for silvicultural properties change in forest plants and their communities. The development of silvicultural properties is adaptive, in this regard, deforestation, with massive destruction of the biotic environment and a corresponding change in environmental processes, contributes to the devlopment of properties inherent in pioneer-serial forest communities. With the degradation of primary forests, a change in the main forest species and forest communities that make up modern forests is noted. Many silvicultural properties inherent in primary forests are not developed in modern conditions. Instead of primary forests, secondary forests are spread, derivative, with other silvicultural properties and their mdevelopment in the form of a complex characteristic of behavior or life strategy. The properties manifested by forest communities and individual species need to be generalized for further research. We have proposed to combine all the properties of forests into the concept of information potential. The information potential of forests can be used to study the features of the silvicultural properties in a changing natural environment.
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Shlapak, V. P. "LEAFY FORESTS OF BILOHRUDIVSKY FOREST." Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture, no. 1 (2018): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2018-1-87-95.
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Smith, D. W. "Commentary: Keeping Forests in Forest." Journal of Forestry 100, no. 3 (April 1, 2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/100.3.1.
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Petković, Vladimir, Dane Marčeta, and Igor Potočnik. "Optimization of primary forest accessibility in high forests with natural regeneration." Šumarski list 146, no. 9-10 (October 29, 2022): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.146.9-10.4.
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Optimization of primary forest accessibility is observed from the point of intensity of forest management and terrain relief conditions of the forest area. Optimization of primary forest accessibility is the first phase of the planning of primary forest traffic infrastructure. The second phase is designing of new primary forest traffic infrastructure. The high forests with natural regeneration (high forests) in the public forests are selected for optimization of accessibility because they are the most valuable forest category from the point of quantity and quality of timber. Planning of primary forest traffic infrastructure implies analysis of actual primary forest accessibility of high forests, determination of optimal density of primary forest traffic infrastructure, defining of suitability of high forests area for construction of primary forest traffic infrastructure and upgrading of actual primary forest traffic infrastructure with new routes of primary forest traffic infrastructure. Optimization of primary forest accessibility in hilly and mountainous high forests was done in two Management Units, Prosara and Bobija-Ribnik. Optimal density of primary forest traffic infrastructure ranges from 24 to 26 m/ha. Results showed that high forests have potential for sustainable forest management.
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Li, P., J. Zhu, H. Hu, Z. Guo, Y. Pan, R. Birdsey, and J. Fang. "The relative contributions of forest growth and areal expansion to forest biomass carbon." Biogeosciences 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2016): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-375-2016.
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Abstract. Forests play a leading role in regional and global terrestrial carbon (C) cycles. Changes in C sequestration within forests can be attributed to areal expansion (increase in forest area) and forest growth (increase in biomass density). Detailed assessment of the relative contributions of areal expansion and forest growth to C sinks is crucial to reveal the mechanisms that control forest C sinks and it is helpful for developing sustainable forest management policies in the face of climate change. Using the Forest Identity concept and forest inventory data, this study quantified the spatial and temporal changes in the relative contributions of forest areal expansion and increased biomass growth to China's forest biomass C sinks from 1977 to 2008. Over the last 30 years, the areal expansion of forests has been a larger contributor to C sinks than forest growth for planted forests in China (62.2 % vs. 37.8 %). However, for natural forests, forest growth has made a larger contribution than areal expansion (60.4 % vs. 39.6 %). For all forests (planted and natural forests), growth in area and density has contributed equally to the total C sinks of forest biomass in China (50.4 % vs. 49.6 %).The relative contribution of forest growth of planted forests showed an increasing trend from an initial 25.3 % to 61.0 % in the later period of 1998 to 2003, but for natural forests, the relative contributions were variable without clear trends, owing to the drastic changes in forest area and biomass density over the last 30 years. Our findings suggest that afforestation will continue to increase the C sink of China's forests in the future, subject to sustainable forest growth after the establishment of plantations.
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Sáez-Cano, Guadalupe, Marcos Marvá, Paloma Ruiz-Benito, and Miguel A. Zavala. "Modelling Tree Growth in Monospecific Forests from Forest Inventory Data." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060753.
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The prediction of tree growth is key to further understand the carbon sink role of forests and the short-term forest capacity on climate change mitigation. In this work, we used large-scale data available from three consecutive forest inventories in a Euro-Mediterranean region and the Bertalanffy–Chapman–Richards equation to model up to a decade’s tree size variation in monospecific forests in the growing stages. We showed that a tree-level fitting with ordinary differential equations can be used to forecast tree diameter growth across time and space as function of environmental characteristics and initial size. This modelling approximation was applied at different aggregation levels to monospecific regions with forest inventories to predict trends in aboveground tree biomass stocks. Furthermore, we showed that this model accurately forecasts tree growth temporal dynamics as a function of size and environmental conditions. Further research to provide longer term prediction forest stock dynamics in a wide variety of forests should model regeneration and mortality processes and biotic interactions.
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Corlett, R. T. "Tropical secondary forests." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 19, no. 2 (June 1995): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900201.
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The clearance, cultivation and abandonment of tropical forest lands has resulted in a rapid increase in the area of tropical secondary forests. Despite their growing extent, however, these forests have received relatively little attention from ecologists, foresters and conservationists. In this article the use of the term 'secondary forest' is restricted to forests which have reoccupied a site after clearance. Forests resulting from selective logging and other disturbances which permit most plant species to survive on the site are excluded. The literature on tropical forest succession is reviewed, showing the importance of the type, intensity and scale of the disturbance, the nature of the surrounding landscape and the composition of the surviving disperser fauna. The value of tropical secondary forests is compared to primary forest, with regards to regulatory function, commercial value and conservation significance. Finally, major research needs are briefly discussed.
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Cantar, Ilie-Cosmin, and Lucian-Constantin Dinca. "The Contribution of Forests from Counties Located in Romania’s West Plain to The Area’s Long Lasting Development." Sustainable Development Research 3, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): p7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/sdr.v3n2p7.
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The present paper reunites in an objective synthesis data from forest management plans realized in the West Plain during 1995-2008. The study focused on stands situated around cities and in their construction perimeter in order to emphasise their contribution to the area’s long lasting development. The paper’s importance derives from the fact that urban areas are in a continuous development that will incorporate heavily nearby forests. As such, through their functions, forests contribute to the long lasting development of the entire metropolitan area to which they belong. All forests from the West Plain were divided in stand elements (species of a certain age that belong to a forest’s composition). The study has taken into account all stand elements from the area that belongs to the forest category from around cities. The large number of these stand elements (2107) offers a solid base for the different realized analyses. The paper’s results show that from the entire surface of forests with recreation functions located in the West Plain, 4.670 ha are occupied by Forests from around counties, cities and villages as well as forests located in their construction perimeter. The most widespread species from this type of stand is pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), which occupies 2072 ha. Forests from around cities from the West Plain are situated at altitudes between 80 and 400 m. The soils are predominantly common alvisol, while Arum-Pulmonaria is the most widespread flora. In the context of the long lasting development of urban areas with implications on nearby forests, the results and discussions of this article represent a first step towards knowing these forests and towards properly managing them in order to successfully fulfil their protection and recreational purposes.
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Ma, Yu-Qi, Chun-Jing Wang, Zhi Chen, Fei-Hai Yu, and Ji-Zhong Wan. "Linking Forest Management Practices to the Functional Composition of Plant Communities." Forests 14, no. 10 (September 23, 2023): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14101939.
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The functional composition of plant communities (FCPC) makes a significant contribution to ecosystem properties, functions, and services. Here, we used 18 plant functional traits from the sPlot database v2.1 and the global forest management type dataset to explore the links between forest management and the FCPC. We used the post hoc Tukey test to explore the differences in the community-weighted mean (CWM) and community-weighted variance (CWV) among different forest management types [i.e., intact forests, managed forests with natural regeneration, planted forests, plantation forests (with up to a 15-year rotation), and agroforestry]. We found that different forest management types can result in significant variability in plant communities’ functional composition. Plantation forests could result in significantly higher CWM and CWV compared to intact forests, and significant differences could occur between natural and managed forests with natural regeneration. Furthermore, the relationship between forest management practices and the FCPC depends on ecozone type changes. There were significant differences between natural and plantation forests for CWM and CWV in temperate forests. Our study provides an effective reference for applying plant functional traits to regulate and optimize the functions and services of forest ecosystems.
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Huang, Tianbao, Guanglong Ou, Yong Wu, Xiaoli Zhang, Zihao Liu, Hui Xu, Xiongwei Xu, Zhenghui Wang, and Can Xu. "Estimating the Aboveground Biomass of Various Forest Types with High Heterogeneity at the Provincial Scale Based on Multi-Source Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (July 14, 2023): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143550.
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It is important to improve the accuracy of models estimating aboveground biomass (AGB) in large areas with complex geography and high forest heterogeneity. In this study, k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), gradient boosting machine (GBM), random forest (RF), quantile random forest (QRF), regularized random forest (RRF), and Bayesian regularization neural network (BRNN) machine learning algorithms were constructed to estimate the AGB of four forest types based on environmental factors and the variables selected by the Boruta algorithm in Yunnan Province and using integrated Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2A images. The results showed that (1) DEM was the most important variable for estimating the AGB of coniferous forests, evergreen broadleaved forests, deciduous broadleaved forests, and mixed forests; while the vegetation index was the most important variable for estimating deciduous broadleaved forests, the climatic factors had a higher variable importance for estimating coniferous and mixed forests, and texture features and vegetation index had a higher variable importance for estimating evergreen broadleaved forests. (2) In terms of specific model performance for the four forest types, RRF was the best model both in estimating the AGB of coniferous forests and mixed forests; the R2 and RMSE for coniferous forests were 0.63 and 43.23 Mg ha−1, respectively, and the R2 and RMSE for mixed forests were 0.56 and 47.79 Mg ha−1, respectively. BRNN performed the best in estimating the AGB of evergreen broadleaved forests; the R2 was 0.53 and the RMSE was 68.16 Mg ha−1. QRF was the best in estimating the AGB of deciduous broadleaved forests, with R2 of 0.43 and RMSE of 45.09 Mg ha−1. (3) RRF was the best model for the four forest types according to the mean values, with R2 and RMSE of 0.503 and 52.335 Mg ha−1, respectively. In conclusion, different variables and suitable models should be considered when estimating the AGB of different forest types. This study could provide a reference for the estimation of forest AGB based on remote sensing in complex terrain areas with a high degree of forest heterogeneity.
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Fanelli, Giuliano, Petrit Hoda, Mersin Mersinllari, Ermelinda Mahmutaj, Fabio Attorre, Alessio Farcomeni, Vito Emanuele Cambria, and Michele De Sanctis. "Phytosociological overview of the Fagus and Corylus forests in Albania." Vegetation Classification and Survey 1 (December 30, 2020): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs/2020/54942.
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Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the mesophilous forests of Albania including Fagus sylvatica and submontane Corylus avellana forests. Mesophilous Albanian forests are poorly known and were not included in the recent syntaxonomic revisions at the European scale. Study area: Albania. Methods: We used a dataset of 284 published and unpublished relevés. They were classified using the Ward’s minimum variance. NMDS ordination was conducted, with over-laying of climatic and geological variables, to analyze the ecological gradients along which these forests develop and segregate. Random Forest was used to define the potential distribution of the identified forest groups in Albania. Results: The study identified seven groups of forests in Albania: Corylus avellana forests, Ostrya carpinifolia-Fagus sylvatica forests, lower montane mesophytic Fagus sylvatica forests, middle montane mesophytic Fagus sylvatica forests, middle montane basiphytic Fagus sylvatica forests, upper montane basiphytic Fagus sylvatica forests, upper montane acidophytic Fagus sylvatica forests. These can be grouped into four main types: Corylus avellana and Ostrya carpinifolia-Fagus sylvatica forests, thermo-basiphytic Fagus sylvatica forest, meso-basiphytic Fagus sylvatica forest and acidophytic Fagus sylvatica forests. This scheme corresponds to the ecological classification recently proposed in a European revision for Fagus sylvatica forests Conclusion: Our study supports an ecological classification of mesophilous forests of Albania at the level of suballiance. Analysis is still preliminary at the level of association, but it shows a high diversity of forest types. Taxonomic reference: Euro+Med PlantBase (http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/) [accessed 25 Novemeber 2019]. Syntaxonomic references: Mucina et al. (2016) for alliances, orders and classes; Willner et al. (2017) for suballiances.
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Popova, Valentina, Polina Fedonova, Svetlana Sultson, Nadezhda Kulakova, Pavel Mikhailov, and Natalia Khizhniak. "The impact of quarantine pests on forest health in Krasnoyarsk krai." BIO Web of Conferences 116 (2024): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411603029.
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The present study examines the dynamics of the areas experiencing outbreaks of pests classified as "quarantine" in Krasnoyarsk Krai between 2007 and 2023. It can be observed that the forest's health is deteriorating year on year, as the area affected by these pests increases. The coniferous forests of Krasnoyarsk Krai are most at risk from the Siberian moth and the four-eyed fir bark beetle, which cause significant disturbances to forest ecosystems, resulting in substantial environmental and economic damage. There are several shortcomings in the forest management system with regard to forest protection. These include the lack of effective methodologies for assessing the state of forests following extensive damage by pests, as well as the limitation of monitoring information received in the region.
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Pavlovska, Tetyana Serhiyivna, Yurii Valentunovuch Biletskyi, Aleksandr Vladymyrovych Rudyk, and Iryna Vitaliivna Samoliuk. "RECREATIONAL AND HEALTH IMPROVING FORESTS OF THE SE «LIUBOML FE»." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 49 (2019): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.49.137-148.
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The purpose of this article is to study the modern structure of the recreational and health improving forests of the State Enterprise «Liuboml forestry» (by category of land, by their location and use, according to the age groups of wood species, according to the breed composition of forest stands) in the context of the investigation of recreational forest use in the territory of the Volyn region. Research methodology. The research was based on the materials of the State Enterprise «Liuboml FE» and the Volyn Region Department of Forestry and Hunting. The comparative-geographical and graphical methods were used. Results. The results of the analysis of the categorical structure of forests of the State Enterprise «Liuboml forestry» are presented. The place of recreational and health improving forests in the structure of the forest fund of the investigated enterprise is described. The analysis of the structure of recreational and health improving forests according to the categories of land (forest areas covered with forest vegetation, forest areas not covered by forest vegetation), the division of recreational and health improving forests according to their location and use (forests within settlements, forests within green zones around settlements, forests beyond the green zones). A comparative analysis of the actual and optimal age structure of groups of tree’s breeds of recreational and health improving forests is made. The breed composition of forest stands of recreational and health improving forests and their phytoncidity are characterized. The spatial distribution of recreational items within the forestry fund of the forestry enterprise is analyzed. Scientific novelty. Measures to optimize recreational forest use and enhance the recreational function of forests within the territory under study are suggested. Practical meaning. The obtained research results are an important information base for the development of sustainable recreational forest use within the State Enterprise «Liuboml FE» and the Volyn region as a whole.
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Liu, Huiting, Yue Fu, Jun Pan, Guangjun Wang, and Kongfei Hu. "Biomass Spatial Pattern and Driving Factors of Different Vegetation Types of Public Welfare Forests in Hunan Province." Forests 14, no. 5 (May 22, 2023): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14051061.
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An ecological public welfare forest is an important basis for the construction of national ecological security. This study took public welfare forests at the provincial level or above in Hunan Province as the research object. Based on the in situ monitoring data and remote sensing data, we constructed a random forest (RF) model for inversing the biomass of public welfare forests with different types. Then, based on the inversion results, we investigated the biomass spatial pattern. Combined with topographical and socio-economic factors, we constructed a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to analyze the biomass driving factors of different vegetation types in public forests. The results showed the following: (1) The biomass of public welfare forests in Hunan Province presented a strip distribution pattern that gradually increases from the central to the southwest and northeast. The total biomass of public welfare forests in Hunan Province was 338.13 million tons, with an average biomass of 68.31 t·hm−2. In the different types of public welfare forests, the mean biomass of the types were as follows: shrub (4.65 t·hm−2) < broadleaf forest (59.27 t·hm−2) < conifer–broadleaf mixed forest (62.44 t·hm−2) < bamboo forest (71.33 t·hm−2) < coniferous forest (100.33 t·hm−2). (2) Topographic and socio-economic factors have a significant impact on the spatial pattern of biomass in public welfare forests. Slope had the greatest effect on coniferous forest, conifer–broadleaf mixed forest, and shrub forest, while POP had the greatest effect on broadleaf forest and bamboo forest. This study investigates the spatial patterns and driving factors of biomass in public welfare forests at the provincial level, filling the gap in forest biomass monitoring in public welfare forests in Hunan Province. It provides a new method to improve the accuracy of forest biomass estimation and data support for the sustainable management of public welfare forests.
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Bhattarai, B. P., R. M. Kunwar, and R. Kc. "Forest certification and FSC standard initiatives in collaborative forest management system in Nepal." International Forestry Review 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554819827906852.
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The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) principles and criteria have been implemented in over 80 community forests in Nepal over the last decade. However, the total size of community forests certified under the FSC certification is relatively small (0.1% of the total area of the country), which limits the overall benefits they can provide to the surrounding communities. The national government has instituted the Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) initiative to maintain forest connectivity and give local communities jurisdiction over the nearby forests that they and their ancestor have lived with and managed for many generations. The CFM policies strive to ensure the restoration of large and continuous patches of forest, equitable benefit sharing of forest products and good governance, yet these policies do not certify the forests as sustainably managed, and thus cannot provide increased prices on the international market for products from these forests. Two collaborative forests were assessed in the Tarai region of Nepal to understand how well these community managed forests already follow the FSC principles and where changes must be made for these forests to be certified in the future. Field observations were undertaken, focus group discussions held, and semi-structured interviews carried out in order to understand current management practices in these two collaborative managed forests. Findings showed that the CFM helped improve biodiversity and benefit sharing from the forest amongst the wide range of communities. Collaboratively managed forests and FSC principles were shown to have complementary objectives: to sustain forests, strengthen forest governance and conserve indigenous species and knowledge, and it is argued that these plans can be synchronized for the benefit of both forests and people.
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Duan, Wenjun, Cheng Wang, Nancai Pei, Chang Zhang, Lin Gu, Shasha Jiang, Zezhou Hao, and Xinhui Xu. "Spatiotemporal Ozone Level Variation in Urban Forests in Shenzhen, China." Forests 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030247.
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This study is among the first to investigate ozone levels in urban forests in China. It establishes that urban forest air quality in Yuanshan Forest Park (Shenzhen) is suitable for recreational activities and identifies spatial, seasonal, and diurnal O3 patterns and relationships with micrometeorological parameters, suggesting the possibility of manipulating relevant forest characteristics to reduce Surface ozone (O3) levels. An understanding of O3 levels of urban forest environments is needed to assess potential effects on human health and recreational activities. Such studies in China are scarce. This study investigated urban forest O3 levels to improve understanding and support residents engaging in forest recreational activities. We monitored O3 levels in 2015–2016 for three urban forests representing common habitats (foothill, valley, and ridge) in Yuanshan Forest Park and for an adjacent square. The overall mean daily and daily maximum 8 h mean (MDA8) O3 concentrations were highest for the ridge forest and lowest for the valley forest. Each forest’s O3 concentrations were highest in summer. Diurnally, forest O3 concentrations peaked between 13:00 and 17:00 and reached a minimum between 03:00 and 09:00. The correlation between forest O3 concentrations and air temperature (AT) was strongly positive in summer and autumn but negative in spring. In each season, O3 concentration was negatively correlated with relative humidity (RH). No MDA8 or hourly O3 concentrations in the forests exceeded National Ambient Air Quality Standard Grade I thresholds (100 and 160 μg m−3, respectively). O3 accumulation is present in ridge urban forest in all seasons. Foothill and valley urban forests have better air quality than ridge forestation. Urban forest air quality is better in spring and autumn than in summer and is better from night-time to early morning than from noon to afternoon.
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Noviar, Heru, and Tatik Kartika. "IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST TYPES USING DATA LANDSAT 8 IN KARO, DAIRI, AND SAMOSIR DISTRICTS, NORTH SUMATRA." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 13, no. 2 (June 2, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2016.v13.a2477.
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Forests have important roles in terms of carbon storage and other values. Various studies have been conducted to identify and distinguish the forest from non-forest classes. Several forest types classes such as secondary forests and plantations should be distinguished related to the restoration and rehabilitation program for dealing with climate change. The study was carried out to distinguish several classes of important forests such as the primary dryland forests, secondary dryland forest, and plantation forests using Landsat 8 to develop identification techniques of specific forests classes. The study areas selected were forest areas in three districts, namely Karo, Dairi, and Samosir of North Sumatera Province. The results showed that using composite RGB 654 of Landsat 8 imagery based on test results OIF for the forest classification, the forests could be distinguished with other land covers. Digital classification can be combined with the visual classification known as a hybrid classification method, especially if there are difficulties in border demarcation between the two types of forest classes or two classes of land covers.
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Yin, Xiwei. "Nitrogen use efficiency in relation to forest type, N expenditure, and climatic gradients in North America." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-070.
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Forest nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) values are often compared along N-availability gradients or between forest types, without adjustment for climate. In this study, NUE (leaf-fall mass/leaf-fall N) was examined with concurrent data on forest type, N expenditure (leaf-fall N), foliar life-span, and major climatic gradients. The hypotheses were that (1) NUE is negatively correlated with N expenditure, (2) NUE is positively correlated with climatic factors such as temperature and light availability, and (3) NUE differs between deciduous and evergreen forests. The data set included 76 deciduous broadleaf forests, 52 evergreen coniferous forests, and 6 mixed forests in North America. All three hypotheses are supported by best-fit models. NUE decreases by about 30% for each doubling of N expenditure for both deciduous and evergreen forests. It increases over 50% in deciduous forests and nearly triples in evergreen forests across the climate data range. Evergreen forests tend to have higher NUEs than deciduous forests only in areas with relatively high temperatures and light availability. This climate–forest type interaction is attributed to contrasts between the forest types in terms of growth period, and regional patterns of foliar N concentration and N resorption.
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Zheldak, V. I., A. A. Kulagin, V. M. Sidorenkov, and E. V. Doroschenkova. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCESSIBILITY OF FORESTS OF TERRITORIAL ENTITIES AND FOREST PLOTS FOR SILVICULTURAL PROVISION FOR THEIR EFFECTIVE MAINTENANCE AND USE." ÈKOBIOTEH 3, no. 3 (2020): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2020-3-3-444-456.
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Discusses issues of establishing a rational effective regime of mastering maintenance and use of forests of separate territorial entities, complex forest plots granted for use within the framework of current and prospectively improving legislation based on a comprehensive preliminary assessment of forest accessibility for the implementation of systemic silvicultural activities of forest management, reproduction, conservation and protection of forests. Assessment of the accessibility of forests carried out on all significant factors and conditions, determining opportunity carrying out systemic forestry activities, including the specifics of the target purpose, transport and technical provision for the implementation of necessary forestry activities, forest typological structure and species composition of forests, resource and ecological potential of forest management, as well as possible significant environmental restrictions, socio-ecological and socio-economic needs in forests and forest resources and other conditions affecting on the availability of forests, the effectiveness of forestry and forest management.
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Chetehouna, Khaled. "Overview of The Forest Fire Research." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 3 (April 30, 2020): xvii. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v3.452.
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Tropical forests play a major role in determining the current atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. The role of tropical forests is critical because they are carbon-dense with large amount of carbon is stored. With almost 8 million km2 of the humid tropics, the tropical forests are faced to several issues altering their contribution to the carbon cycle, such as deforestation and wildfires. In Europe, extreme wildfires ravaged the European forests in the last years. These situations were extremely dangerous not only for the environment, but also for the socioeconomical point of view because to the proximity of forests from the urban cities or from the agriculture fields. This fact has motivated the European scientific community to explore the wildfires behavior in the purpose to master their expansion, and limit their harmful effect. In this plenary presentation, the French scientific expertise will be exposed with an eye on a possible extrapolation to the tropical forest’s particularity. For this purpose, the following points are going to be discussed: (1) understanding wildfire mechanisms, (2) giving a vision about French scientific experience on forest fires research field, and finally (3) trying to extrapolate these scientific experiences to tropical forests.
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Burch, Brent D., and Andrew J. Sánchez Meador. "Comparison of forest age estimators using k-tree, fixed-radius, and variable-radius plot sampling." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 8 (August 2018): 942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0098.
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Quantifying the age characteristics of a forest can provide valuable information about the forest’s impact on the environment. For instance, the age of a forest can affect the ecosystem’s carbon exchange, soil enzyme activity, and biodiversity. In this paper, we investigate the use of different sampling methods to estimate the age characteristics of three simulated ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) forests having different spatial and age patterns. This includes estimating the mean tree age and the age-class distribution of the trees in the forest. The trees in the sample are selected using k-tree sampling, fixed-radius plot sampling, or variable-radius plot sampling, and we compare the properties of the resulting estimators via design-based and model-based approaches. Analyses of the different sampling methods applied to the three forests suggest that the estimator associated with k-tree sampling, with the addition of a few extra trees per plot, is feasible for forests having a spatially mosaic or random spatial pattern. The estimator associated with fixed-radius plot sampling performed well for the forest having a clustered spatial pattern.
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Rosen, Michael, Jim McCready, and Tony Bull. "Raising the profile of Canada's 9th forest region: Urban forests." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82054-1.
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A recent CIF Ottawa Valley section meeting in Carleton Place, Ontario was cause for reflection on the important role of urban forests. In spite of their well-known benefits, Canadian urban forests are under great pressure. However, recent developments in municipal planning and the creation of the Canadian Urban Forest Network show some progress — developments encouraged for the first time by the most recent National Forest Strategy. This contrasts to a historic denial by forestry organizations to include urban forests as part of "Canada's Forests" in spite of their economic and environmental significance. It also contrasts with urban forest programs initiated by the USDA Forest Service in the United States. For smaller communities like Carleton Place, urban forests are very important. They are being recognized by the community through its Official Plan, in operational guidelines and through an R.P.F.-led volunteer Urban Forest Advisory Committee. Key words: urban forests, strategic urban forest plans, Canadian Urban Forest Network, Urban Forest Advisory Committee
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Diaz, Renalthy Lidwina, Wilhelmina Seran, and Norman P. L. B. Riwu Kaho. "STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN DENGAN POLA AGROFORESTRY DI DESA RANA KOLONG KECAMATAN KOTA KOMBA KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR." Wana Lestari 4, no. 01 (July 28, 2022): 001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/wanalestari.v6i01.7855.
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Forest is a stretch of land with a certain area that is overgrown with trees and other plants. Forests have functions as production forests, conservation forests and protection forests. Through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry held a Social Forestry program to improve the welfare of communities around the forest through a pattern of empowerment and remain guided by aspects of forest sustainability and in the form of Village Forests, Community Forests, Community Plantation Forests, Customary Forests and Partnership Forest. Communty Forests activities are only applied in protected forest areas and production forests.
The purpose of the study was to determine the Communty Forests development strategy and agroforestry pattern in Rana Kolong Village, Komba City District, East Manggarai Regency which was carried out for 3 months from August - October 2020. The Communty Forests development strategy with agroforestry patterns in Rana Kolong village was formulated using SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method to evaluate the factors that influence efforts to achieve goals, namely comparing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The level of community dependence on forests is very high, as evidenced by the large number of people who have arable land in forest areas with cultivation of Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), Avocado (Persea americana), Candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus), Cocoa (Theobroma cacao), Coconut (Cocous nucifera). , Areca nut (Areca cetechu), Aren (Arenga pinnata), Bamboo (Bambuseae), Coffee (Coffea), Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas), Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Porang (Amorphopallus muelleri), White Teak (Gmelina arborea), Sengon (Albizia chinensis) and Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni).
The results showed that the strategy recommendation obtained to improve the Communty Forests development strategy with an agroforestry pattern in the research area was the SO (Strenghts-Opportunities) strategy, namely by using opportunities to take advantage of existing strengths with activities such as increasing community participation in managing and supporting the utilization of Communty Forests with a pattern. agroforestry, increasing the government's role in the development of local and non-local plants, compiling a management plan for the use of Communty Forests areas to develop wood and non-timber plant species in accordance with Communty Forests land conditions, seeing legal support on Communty Forests as a reference material.
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Witté, Isabelle, Daniel Kneeshaw, and Christian Messier. "Do partial cuts create forest complexity? A new approach to measuring the complexity of forest patterns using photographs and the mean information gain." Forestry Chronicle 89, no. 03 (June 2013): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2013-064.
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Forest management generally simplifies forest structure and composition with some negative impacts in terms of biodiversity and resilience. Thus, maintaining structural complexity is increasingly cited as an objective of sustainable forest management. Different initiatives have been proposed to use partial cuts to increase the complexity of forests. Using “the length of description” of forest patterns as a novel measure of complexity in forests, the effects of two intensities of partial cuts were compared to those found in 34-year-old secondary forests and 86-year-old primary (post-fire) forests. Our results show that partial cuts increase the complexity of forest patterns as compared to mature and secondary forests.
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Mutz, Rüdiger. "Privatwaldforschung in Deutschland: Überblick und Folgerungen | Private forest owner research in Germany: Overview and implications." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 158, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2007.0285.
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This contribution aims to give a summary about the research of private forests in Germany by summarizing the forest structure, enumerating themes and trends, and illustrating four studies. The private forests in Germany share 43.6% on the total forest area (EU-average: 65%), the largest percentage of the German forest area in comparison to state or communal forests. In private forests considerably less wood is utilized as is grown again. Furthermore, private forests are actually prone to drastic structural changes in combination with the structural crisis of agriculture. Beyond the traditional agricultural forest owner a new type of forest owner is appearing,so-called «urban» forest owner. For further research meta-analysis, an evaluation of advisory service programs and forest funds are discussed.
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Lotfalian, M., S. Khosrozadeh, Hosseini SA, M. Kazemi, and N. Zare. "Determination of forest skid trail density in Caspian forests, Iran." Journal of Forest Science 62, No. 2 (June 3, 2016): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2015-jfs.
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