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1
Recher, HA. "Conserving forest biodiversity: A comprehensive multiscaled approach." Australian Mammalogy 25, no. 1 (2003): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am03113_br.
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DAVID Lindenmayer and Jerry Franklin are the two most influential forest conservation biologists of the past decade and will probably remain so for the coming decade. Each has contributed significantly to forest research, management, biodiversity conservation and policy. Lindenmayer is an Australian based at the Australian National University in Canberra who has worked mainly in the temperate eucalypt forests of Victoria and southeastern New South Wales. Most of his research is wildlife oriented, with an emphasis on arboreal marsupials and the impacts of forest management on forest vertebrates. Franklin is an American at the University of Washington, Seattle in the Pacific Northwest. His research is more botanically oriented, with an emphasis on the impacts of forest management on forest structures (e.g., large trees and logs) and processes. Of the two, Franklin has had the greatest involvement in the political, economic and social processes driving the modern change in forestry practices and attitudes. Together they form a formidable team to present a summary and an analysis of how temperate forests globally can and should be managed. Their goal is not just to enhance biodiversity and other ecological values, but to ensure the long-term sustainability of forest ecosystems. Only when forests are managed sustainably to protect biodiversity can forest managers guarantee the many social and economic benefits derived from the world’s forests, including wood production.
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Collins, Luke, Adele Hunter, Sarah McColl-Gausden, Trent D. Penman, and Philip Zylstra. "The Effect of Antecedent Fire Severity on Reburn Severity and Fuel Structure in a Resprouting Eucalypt Forest in Victoria, Australia." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040450.
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Research highlights—Feedbacks between fire severity, vegetation structure and ecosystem flammability are understudied in highly fire-tolerant forests that are dominated by epicormic resprouters. We examined the relationships between the severity of two overlapping fires in a resprouting eucalypt forest and the subsequent effect of fire severity on fuel structure. We found that the likelihood of a canopy fire was the highest in areas that had previously been exposed to a high level of canopy scorch or consumption. Fuel structure was sensitive to the time since the previous canopy fire, but not the number of canopy fires. Background and Objectives—Feedbacks between fire and vegetation may constrain or amplify the effect of climate change on future wildfire behaviour. Such feedbacks have been poorly studied in forests dominated by highly fire-tolerant epicormic resprouters. Here, we conducted a case study based on two overlapping fires within a eucalypt forest that was dominated by epicormic resprouters to examine (1) whether past wildfire severity affects future wildfire severity, and (2) how combinations of understorey fire and canopy fire within reburnt areas affect fuel properties. Materials and Methods—The study focused on ≈77,000 ha of forest in south-eastern Australia that was burnt by a wildfire in 2007 and reburnt in 2013. The study system was dominated by eucalyptus trees that can resprout epicormically following fires that substantially scorch or consume foliage in the canopy layer. We used satellite-derived mapping to assess whether the severity of the 2013 fire was affected by the severity of the 2007 fire. Five levels of fire severity were considered (lowest to highest): unburnt, low canopy scorch, moderate canopy scorch, high canopy scorch and canopy consumption. Field surveys were then used to assess whether combinations of understorey fire (<80% canopy scorch) and canopy fire (>90% canopy consumption) recorded over the 2007 and 2013 fires caused differences in fuel structure. Results—Reburn severity was influenced by antecedent fire severity under severe fire weather, with the likelihood of canopy-consuming fire increasing with increasing antecedent fire severity up to those classes causing a high degree of canopy disturbance (i.e., high canopy scorch or canopy consumption). The increased occurrence of canopy-consuming fire largely came at the expense of the moderate and high canopy scorch classes, suggesting that there was a shift from crown scorch to crown consumption. Antecedent fire severity had little effect on the severity patterns of the 2013 fire under nonsevere fire weather. Areas affected by canopy fire in 2007 and/or 2013 had greater vertical connectivity of fuels than sites that were reburnt by understorey fires, though we found no evidence that repeated canopy fires were having compounding effects on fuel structure. Conclusions—Our case study suggests that exposure to canopy-defoliating fires has the potential to increase the severity of subsequent fires in resprouting eucalypt forests in the short term. We propose that the increased vertical connectivity of fuels caused by resprouting and seedling recruitment were responsible for the elevated fire severity. The effect of antecedent fire severity on reburn severity will likely be constrained by a range of factors, such as fire weather.
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Bennett, Lauren T., and Mark A. Adams. "Ecological effects of harvesting in Victoria's native forests: quantification of research outputs." Australian Forestry 67, no. 3 (January 2004): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2004.10674937.
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Marsden-Smedley, Jon B., Wendy R. Anderson, and Adrian F. Pyrke. "Fuel in Tasmanian Dry Eucalypt Forests: Prediction of Fuel Load and Fuel Hazard Rating from Fuel Age." Fire 5, no. 4 (July 19, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5040103.
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This paper presents equations for fuel load and fuel hazard rating (FHR) models based on the time since last fire for dry eucalypt forests in eastern Tasmania. The fuel load equations predict the load of the surface/near-surface and elevated fine fuel. The FHR equations predict the surface, near-surface, combined surface and near-surface, bark, and overall FHR. The utility of the “Overall fuel hazard assessment guide” from Victoria, Australia, is assessed for Tasmanian dry eucalypt forests: we conclude that, when fuel strata components are weighted according to their influence on fire behaviour, the Victorian guide provides a rapid, robust, and effective methodology for estimating FHR. The equations in this paper will be used for operational planning and on-the-ground performing of hazard reduction burning, prediction of fire behaviour for fire risk assessments and bushfire control, and providing inputs into the new Australian Fire Danger Rating System.
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Whittaker, Joshua, Katharine Haynes, John Handmer, and Jim McLennan. "Community safety during the 2009 Australian 'Black Saturday' bushfires: an analysis of household preparedness and response." International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, no. 6 (2013): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12010.
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On Saturday 7 February 2009, 173 people lost their lives and more than 2000 houses were destroyed in bushfires (wildfires) in the Australian State of Victoria. The scale of life and property loss raised fundamental questions about community bushfire safety in Australia, in particular the appropriateness of the ‘Prepare, stay and defend or leave early’ policy. This paper presents findings from research undertaken as part of the Australian Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre’s (CRC) ‘2009 Victorian Bushfires Research Taskforce’. The research examined factors influencing patterns of life and property loss and survival across the fires through mail surveys (n=1314) of fire affected households. Just over half of the respondents (53%) stayed to defend their homes and properties, whereas the remainder left before or when the fires arrived (43%) or sheltered in a house, structure, vehicle, or outside (4%). Results reveal a survival rate of 77% for houses that were defended by one or more household members, compared to 44% for unattended houses. The paper identifies inadequate planning and preparedness and the tendency for people to wait until they are directly threatened before taking action as major factors leading to late evacuation, failed defence and passive shelter.
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Baldwin, P. J., H. T. L. Stewart, P. R. Bird, W. I. Hamer, D. W. Flinn, K. N. Cumming, and D. J. Connor. "Establishment of an agroforestry research network in Victoria, Australia (1983–85)." Agroforestry Systems 6, no. 1-3 (February 1988): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02344760.
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Brown, Tegan P., Assaf Inbar, Thomas J. Duff, Jamie Burton, Philip J. Noske, Patrick N. J. Lane, and Gary J. Sheridan. "Forest Structure Drives Fuel Moisture Response across Alternative Forest States." Fire 4, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4030048.
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Climate warming is expected to increase fire frequency in many productive obligate seeder forests, where repeated high-intensity fire can initiate stand conversion to alternative states with contrasting structure. These vegetation–fire interactions may modify the direct effects of climate warming on the microclimatic conditions that control dead fuel moisture content (FMC), which regulates fire activity in these high-productivity systems. However, despite the well-established role of forest canopies in buffering microclimate, the interaction of FMC, alternative forest states and their role in vegetation–fire feedbacks remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that FMC dynamics across alternative states would vary to an extent meaningful for fire and that FMC differences would be attributable to forest structural variability, with important implications for fire-vegetation feedbacks. FMC was monitored at seven alternative state forested sites that were similar in all aspects except forest type and structure, and two proximate open-weather stations across the Central Highlands in Victoria, Australia. We developed two generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) using daily independent and autoregressive (i.e., lagged) input data to test the importance of site properties, including lidar-derived forest structure, in predicting FMC from open weather. There were distinct differences in fuel availability (days when FMC < 16%, dry enough to sustain fire) leading to positive and negative fire–vegetation feedbacks across alternative forest states. Both the independent (r2 = 0.551) and autoregressive (r2 = 0.936) models ably predicted FMC from open weather. However, substantial improvement between models when lagged inputs were included demonstrates nonindependence of the automated fuel sticks at the daily level and that understanding the effects of temporal buffering in wet forests is critical to estimating FMC. We observed significant random effects (an analogue for forest structure effects) in both models (p < 0.001), which correlated with forest density metrics such as light penetration index (LPI). This study demonstrates the importance of forest structure in estimating FMC and that across alternative forest states, differences in fuel availability drive vegetation–fire feedbacks with important implications for forest flammability.
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Simpson, Bradstock, and Price. "A Temporal Framework of Large Wildfire Suppression in Practice, a Qualitative Descriptive Study." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100884.
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Suppression activities on large wildfires are complicated. Existing suppression literature does not take into account this complexity which leaves existing suppression models and measures of resource productivity incomplete. A qualitative descriptive analysis was performed on the suppression activities described in operational documents of 10 large wildfires in Victoria, Australia. A five-stage classification system summarises suppression in the everyday terms of wildfire management. Suppression can be heterogeneous across different sectors with different stages occurring across sectors on the same day. The stages and the underlying 20 suppression tasks identified provide a fundamental description of how suppression resources are being used on large wildfires. We estimate that at least 57% of resource use on our sample of 10 large wildfires falls outside of current suppression modelling and productivity research.
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Williams, Kathryn J. H., Rebecca M. Ford, and Andrea Rawluk. "Values of the public at risk of wildfire and its management." International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 10 (2018): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18038.
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Wildfire management agencies increasingly seek to understand what the public values and expects to be protected from wildfire and its management. Recent conceptual development demonstrates the utility of considering values at three levels of abstraction: localised valued entities such as people, places and objects; valued attributes of communities and landscapes; and core values, or ideals that guide in life. We used a large-scale survey (n = 1105) in Victoria, Australia, to test and extend this framework. The results confirm the usefulness of the conceptual framework and demonstrate that values that members of the public consider at risk of wildfire are much more diverse than those typically considered in wildfire risk management. Relationships between values at different levels of abstraction are meaningful and reveal the multiple ways that objects, places and people become valued. The research suggests ways to understand and practically incorporate values of the public in wildfire management.
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TRIVEDI, Devanshi, Vishal M. MAKWANA, Ashish H. SHUKLA, and Pravinsang P. DODIA. "Diversity of butterflies in Victoria Park Reserve Forest, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 11293. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/nsb14311293.
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Documentation of biodiversity is crucial for examining the health of ecosystems. Many species act as an ecological indicator due to their susceptibility to changes in a particular environment. Butterflies, providing vital ecosystem services, respond uniquely to urbanization and can be a good tool for the assessment of the well-being of the habitat. The present study, one of its first kind in the particular habitat, provides a comprehensive outlook on the species diversity and abundance of butterflies at Victoria Park Reserve Forest, an urban forest area in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. The survey was conducted from March 2018 to February 2019 across all seasons. A total of 69 species belonging to 45 genera and five different families were recorded. The most diverse family was Lycaenidae (33.33%), followed by Nymphalidae (31.88%), Pieridae (21.74%), Papilionidae (7.25%), and Hesperiidae (5.80%). Junonia , was the dominant genus with six species. Out of the total recorded species,12 species are listed under the Least Concern category of the IUCN red list and 57 species are Not Evaluated. Seasonal variation in the number of species was observed, which shows the highest number of species in September (n=63) and the lowest in May (n=22). The abundance of the butterfly community was found to be highest during August (26.37%) and the lowest during February (1.85%). This study provided an understanding of the butterfly community in the habitat and would encourage further research for habitat restoration in the reserve forest.
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DAVID, Monica, Cristina-Magdalena CIOBOTEA, Mădălina F. BĂNUȚĂ, Gina NEDELEA, Ramona STAN, Andrei TIŢA, and Ionela D. SĂRDĂRESCU. "Genetic differences as estimators of osmotic adjustment and source-sink balance in grapevine hybrid elites." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 11250. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/nsb14211250.
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This study deals with the best responses of a diverse collection of grapevine genotypes to osmotic stress associated with source-sink balance responses given by an estimator such as leaf area to fruit ratio. ‘Centennial Seedless’, a drought tolerant cultivar, was selected as control. The cultivars, ‘Victoria’ and ‘Argessis’, were chosen as a repetition from previous research dealing with pollen grain test, two years ago. Ten genotypes were hybrid elites in first and second hybrid generations. Three cultivars ‘Victoria’, ‘Centennial Seedless’, and ‘Argessis’ were grown under field conditions in containers, and in the soil under greenhouse conditions. Significant differences were found between genotypes for both responses to osmotic stress and source-sink balance. ‘Centennial Seedless’ and ‘BP9’ hybrid showed the best responses of induced osmotic adjustment; results confirmed the compensatory potassium uptake theory. ‘Victoria’ and ‘Argessis’ had almost the same average values as ‘Centennial Seedless’ osmotic estimator for induced osmotic adjustment. ‘Victoria’ and ‘HR7’ hybrid showed an increase in osmotic stress in the cell, after application of polyethylene glycol solutions without potassium cation and a lower source-sink ratio, which could be associated with higher photosynthesis rates. No correlations were identified between the mechanisms expressed by the analyzed estimators, indicating that they are activated and functional separately from each other, sometimes only compensatory.
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Russell-Smith, Jeremy, Cameron Yates, Andrew Edwards, Grant E. Allan, Garry D. Cook, Peter Cooke, Ron Craig, Belinda Heath, and Richard Smith. "Contemporary fire regimes of northern Australia, 1997 - 2001: change since Aboriginal occupancy, challenges for sustainable management." International Journal of Wildland Fire 12, no. 4 (2003): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf03015.
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Considerable research has been undertaken over the past two decades to apply remote sensing to the study of fire regimes across the savannas of northern Australia. This work has focused on two spatial scales of imagery resolution: coarse-resolution NOAA-AVHRR imagery for savanna-wide assessments both of the daily distribution of fires ('hot spots'), and cumulative mapping of burnt areas ('fire-scars') over the annual cycle; and fine-resolution Landsat imagery for undertaking detailed assessments of regional fire regimes. Importantly, substantial effort has been given to the validation of fire mapping products at both scales of resolution. At the savanna-wide scale, fire mapping activities have established that: (1) contrary to recent perception, from a national perspective the great majority of burning in any one year typically occurs in the tropical savannas; (2) the distribution of burning across the savannas is very uneven, occurring mostly in sparsely settled, higher rainfall, northern coastal and subcoastal regions (north-west Kimberley, Top End of the Northern Territory, around the Gulf of Carpentaria) across a variety of major land uses (pastoral, conservation, indigenous); whereas (3) limited burning is undertaken in regions with productive soils supporting more intensive pastoral management, particularly in Queensland; and (4) on a seasonal basis, most burning occurs in the latter half of the dry season, typically as uncontrolled wildfire. Decadal fine-resolution fire histories have also been assembled from multi-scene Landsat imagery for a number of fire-prone large properties (e.g. Kakadu and Nitmiluk National Parks) and local regions (e.g. Sturt Plateau and Victoria River District, Northern Territory). These studies have facilitated more refined description of various fire regime parameters (fire extent, seasonality, frequency, interval, patchiness) and, as dealt with elsewhere in this special issue, associated ecological assessments. This paper focuses firstly on the patterning of contemporary fire regimes across the savanna landscapes of northern Australia, and then addresses the implications of these data for our understanding of changes in fire regime since Aboriginal occupancy, and implications of contemporary patterns on biodiversity and emerging greenhouse issues.
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Lutze, M. T., R. G. Campbell, and P. C. Fagg. "Development of silviculture in the native State forests of Victoria." Australian Forestry 62, no. 3 (January 1999): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1999.10674788.
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Lutze, M., P. Ades, and R. Campbell. "Spatial distribution of regeneration in mixed-species forests of Victoria." Australian Forestry 67, no. 3 (January 2004): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2004.10674931.
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Laming, Alice, Michael-Shawn Fletcher, Anthony Romano, Russell Mullett, Simon Connor, Michela Mariani, S. Yoshi Maezumi, and Patricia S. Gadd. "The Curse of Conservation: Empirical Evidence Demonstrating That Changes in Land-Use Legislation Drove Catastrophic Bushfires in Southeast Australia." Fire 5, no. 6 (October 26, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5060175.
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Protecting “wilderness” and removing human involvement in “nature” was a core pillar of the modern conservation movement through the 20th century. Conservation approaches and legislation informed by this narrative fail to recognise that Aboriginal people have long valued, used, and shaped most landscapes on Earth. Aboriginal people curated open and fire-safe Country for millennia with fire in what are now forested and fire-prone regions. Settler land holders recognised the importance of this and mimicked these practices. The Land Conservation Act of 1970 in Victoria, Australia, prohibited burning by settler land holders in an effort to protect natural landscapes. We present a 120-year record of vegetation and fire regime change from Gunaikurnai Country, southeast Australia. Our data demonstrate that catastrophic bushfires first impacted the local area immediately following the prohibition of settler burning in 1970, which allowed a rapid increase in flammable eucalypts that resulted in the onset of catastrophic bushfires. Our data corroborate local narratives on the root causes of the current bushfire crisis. Perpetuation of the wilderness myth in conservation may worsen this crisis, and it is time to listen to and learn from Indigenous and local people, and to empower these communities to drive research and management agendas.
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Simpson, Heather, Ross Bradstock, and Owen Price. "Quantifying the Prevalence and Practice of Suppression Firing with Operational Data from Large Fires in Victoria, Australia." Fire 4, no. 4 (September 27, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4040063.
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Fire management agencies around the world use suppression firing for fire control. Yet, we know little about the extent of its use (e.g., prevalence and spatial coverage) and its impact on containment. We examine the prevalence and practice of suppression firing in Victoria, Australia. We used operational data from five years (2010–2015) to identify and map the incidence of suppression firing on 74 large fires (500+ ha). Suppression firing occurred on half (34) of these fires, 26 of which had data to map firing locations. The area burnt by suppression firing ranged from <1 ha to ~20,000 ha on separate fires. Archetypal suppression firing occurred during intervals of low fire spread and resulted in modest fire behaviour. Ground crews generally conducted the perimeter suppression firing. Aerial ignition was more common on large internal firing operations. For the 26 fires where we mapped the firing locations, firing occurred along 77% of the perimeter-aligned road. Suppression firing was a prominent containment tool used along one-fifth of the total external perimeter of these 74 large fires. Quantification of this practice is a first step towards establishing ignition thresholds, production rates, and integration with containment probability models.
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Dunstan, D. I. "Introduction." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-198.
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Conifer biotechnology research has proceeded at a rapid rate of development in the 3 years since the last International Conifer Tissue Culture Work Group (ICTCWG) meeting. Since the first detailed account in 1985, somatic embryo induction has become a routine technique in many laboratories, and direct protoplast regeneration to somatic embryos has now been reported. The Fourth Meeting of the ICTCWG, which was held in Saskatoon between August 8 and 12, 1988, was therefore timely and was attended by 90 participants representing 10 countries. The meeting comprised 10 invited keynote speakers, 32 contributed oral and 21 contributed poster presentations. The topics covered the fuller scope of conifer biotechnology as it is now evolving. In the area of regeneration from zygotic embryos by organogenesis, contributed papers described the considerable progress being made toward controlled shoot and root induction, these were exemplified by the data provided by John Frampton (North Carolina State University, Raleigh) on field performance of tissue cultured plants. In-depth studies of the physiological and biochemical events associated with regeneration are yielding results pertinent to recalcitrant species, according to Trevor Thorpe (University of Calgary, Alberta). Further, Wesley Hackett (University of Minnesota, St. Paul) considered that the study of cellular and biochemical characteristics associated with maturation would help in understanding phase change and assist in the propagation efforts.Somatic embryogenesis in conifers is a current focus of attention in many laboratories. Indra Vasil (University of Florida, Gainesville) showed that there were remarkable similarities with monocot angiosperms in the malleability of somatic embryo cultures and in the regenerative potential from protoplasts of somatic embryos. The accumulation of storage proteins in maturing somatic embryos reflects the process in seed (zygotic) embryos, an analysis by Inger Hakman (Institute of Physiological Botany, Uppsala) that will be helpful in assessing somatic embryo maturation prior to transplantation. Techniques developed for the cryopreservation of somatic embryos show that it is now possible to store valuable genetic stock, and to potentially explore cold tolerance criteria, according to Kutty Kartha (Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon). Researchers would find it useful to occasionally review the availability of potential regenerative tissues in source plants, and in this respect, John Owens (University of Victoria, British Columbia) discussed suitable target tissues and provided observations from his studies of vegetative and reproductive phenologies. Larry Fowke (University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon) showed that the type of cultures now available (somatic embryos and protoplasts) lend themselves to investigations of the conifer cytoskeleton and cell walls, in a manner analogous to studies with other plant species.Basic studies on organelle inheritance and use of gene probes are being carried out, and genetic transformation research is still in its infancy. Ron Sederoff (North Carolina State University, Raleigh) felt that exciting results from such studies will probably be heard at the fifth meeting in Kent, England, in 1990. Finally, Maurice Moloney (University of Calgary, Alberta) anticipated that we may also then have answers to some of the remaining questions in conifer molecular biology, such as molecular evolution of genes; the role of introns, repeated sequences, and transpositions; the regulation of gene expression; and promoter function. Workshop topics during the meeting were markers of morphogenesis, economics of tissue culture propagation, phase change, and gene manipulation.The following papers, presented during the meeting are a reflection of some of the progress that is being made in conifer biotechnology research. The ICTCWG was formally renamed Conifer Biotechnology Work Group.
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Fagg, Peter, Mark Lutze, Carolyn Slijkerman, Michael Ryan, and Owen Bassett. "Silvicultural recovery in ash forests following three recent large bushfires in Victoria." Australian Forestry 76, no. 3-4 (December 2013): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2013.848610.
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Munawar, Hafiz Suliman, Fahim Ullah, Sara Imran Khan, Zakria Qadir, and Siddra Qayyum. "UAV Assisted Spatiotemporal Analysis and Management of Bushfires: A Case Study of the 2020 Victorian Bushfires." Fire 4, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4030040.
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Australia is a regular recipient of devastating bushfires that severely impacts its economy, landscape, forests, and wild animals. These bushfires must be managed to save a fortune, wildlife, and vegetation and reduce fatalities and harmful environmental impacts. The current study proposes a holistic model that uses a mixed-method approach of Geographical Information System (GIS), remote sensing, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)-based bushfire assessment and mitigation. The fire products of Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are used for monitoring the burnt areas within the Victorian Region due to the 2020 bushfires. The results show that the aggregate of 1500 m produces the best output for estimating the burnt areas. The identified hotspots are in the eastern belt of the state that progressed north towards New South Wales. The R2 values between 0.91–0.99 indicate the fitness of methods used in the current study. A healthy z-value index between 0.03 to 2.9 shows the statistical significance of the hotspots. Additional analysis of the 2019–20 Victorian bushfires shows a widespread radius of the fires associated with the climate change and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon. The UAV paths are optimized using five algorithms: greedy, intra route, inter route, tabu, and particle swarm optimization (PSO), where PSO search surpassed all the tested methods in terms of faster run time and lesser costs to manage the bushfires disasters. The average improvement demonstrated by the PSO algorithm over the greedy method is approximately 2% and 1.2% as compared with the intra route. Further, the cost reduction is 1.5% compared with the inter-route scheme and 1.2% compared with the intra route algorithm. The local disaster management authorities can instantly adopt the proposed system to assess the bushfires disasters and instigate an immediate response plan.
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Pickering, Bianca J., Jamie E. Burton, Trent D. Penman, Madeleine A. Grant, and Jane G. Cawson. "Long-Term Response of Fuel to Mechanical Mastication in South-Eastern Australia." Fire 5, no. 3 (June 3, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5030076.
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Mechanical mastication is a fuel management strategy that modifies vegetation structure to reduce the impact of wildfire. Although past research has quantified immediate changes to fuel post-mastication, few studies consider longer-term fuel trajectories and climatic drivers of this change. Our study sought to quantify changes to fuel loads and structure over time following mastication and as a function of landscape aridity. Measurements were made at 63 sites in Victoria, Australia. All sites had been masticated within the previous 9 years to remove over-abundant shrubs and small trees. We used generalised additive models to explore trends over time and along an aridity gradient. Surface fuel loads were highest immediately post-mastication and in the most arid sites. The surface fine fuel load declined over time, whereas the surface coarse fuel load remained high; these trends occurred irrespective of landscape aridity. Standing fuel (understorey and midstorey vegetation) regenerated consistently, but shrub cover was still substantially low at 9 years post-mastication. Fire managers need to consider the trade-off between a persistently higher surface coarse fuel load and reduced shrub cover to evaluate the efficacy of mastication for fuel management. Coarse fuel may increase soil heating and smoke emissions, but less shrub cover will likely moderate fire behaviour.
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Felker, Peter. "Research and Demonstration Forests." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 1, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/1.2.37.
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Clifton, Craig, Carl Daamen, Avril Home, and John Sherwood. "Water, land use change and ‘new forests’: what are the challenges for south-western Victoria?" Australian Forestry 69, no. 2 (January 2006): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2006.10676234.
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McPherson, Scott, F. Wayne Bell, Jeff Leach, Peter Street, and Al Stinson. "Applying research for enhanced productivity on the Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership forests." Forestry Chronicle 84, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84653-5.
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The application of enhanced forest productivity (EFP) through intensive silviculture on designated forest areas is arguably one means to maintain or increase fibre supply and global market competitiveness. The Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership’s (CEC-FRP) 10/10 objective (to increase sustainable fibre production by 10% in 10 years) has focused many years of forest research largely on the practical application of EFP. Large-scale implementation of this research, through a process of adaptive management, is incumbent on first identifying forests that are available and potentially suitable to implement EFP with more intensive silviculture on portions of the landbase. This paper describes forests in northeastern Ontario that were evaluated for EFP potential, and provides some of the rationale for their selection or rejection for this purpose. To date, the Gordon Cosens, Romeo Malette, Martel, and Nipissing forests are identified as potential CEC-FRP core forests in which research can be directed towards sustainable increases in forest production. These 4 forests are located in Ontario’s boreal and Great Lakes–St. Lawrence regions and have the necessary tenure, potential productivity, protection from fire, insect and disease, and are managed under a suitably enabling planning and legislative environment. In addition, forest management planning teams for these forests are closely integrated with the CECFRP through core teams that are critical to identifying science priorities based on local operational issues, and moving subsequent research into practice. As such, it seems timely to move forward with EFP implementation through a process of adaptive management on these forests. Key words: enhanced forest productivity (EFP), intensive forest management (IFM), intensive silviculture, forest management planning (FMP), adaptive management
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Seal, D. T. "Forestry Research in the British Uplands." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 2 (June 1986): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500208.
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Most British forests stand in the uplands of Scotland, Northern England, and Wales. ‘Uplands' is a broad rather than precise term for the extensive areas of Britain where land is generally above 200 m and thus includes the Highlands and Southern Uplands of Scotland, the northern Pennines and Yorkshire Moors in England, and the Cambrian Mountains which extend over most of Wales. The forests in these areas comprise about 80 percent of the 2 million hectares of productive forest in Britain.
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Ryan, Michael. "Adaptive silviculture in regrowth eucalypt forests in Victoria and the implications for water, wood, wildlife and wildfire." Australian Forestry 76, no. 3-4 (December 2013): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2013.842461.
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Macfarlane, Malcolm A. "Mammal populations in mountain ash(Eucalyptus regnans)forests of various ages in the Central Highlands of Victoria." Australian Forestry 51, no. 1 (January 1988): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1988.10676030.
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Cary, Geoffrey J., Wade Blanchard, Claire N. Foster, and David B. Lindenmayer. "Effects of altered fire intervals on critical timber production and conservation values." International Journal of Wildland Fire 30, no. 5 (2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf20129.
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Forests exhibit thresholds in disturbance intervals that influence sustainability of production and natural values including sawlog production, species existence and habitat attributes. Fire is a key disturbance agent in temperate forests and frequency of fire is increasing, threatening sustainability of these forest values. We used mechanistically diverse, theoretical fire interval distributions for mountain ash forest in Victoria, Australia, in the recent past and future to estimate the probability of realising: (i) minimum sawlog harvesting rotation time; (ii) canopy species maturation; and (iii) adequate habitat hollows for fauna. The likelihood of realising fire intervals exceeding these key stand age thresholds diminishes markedly for the future fire regime compared with the recent past. For example, we estimate that only one in five future fire intervals will be sufficiently long (~80 years) to grow sawlogs in this forest type, and that the probability of forests developing adequate habitat hollows (~180 years) could be as low as 0.03 (3% of fire intervals). Therefore, there is a need to rethink where sawlogs can be sourced sustainably, such as from fast-growing plantations that can be harvested and then regrown rapidly, and to reserve large areas of existing 80-year-old forest from timber harvesting.
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Burton, Jamie, Jane Cawson, Philip Noske, and Gary Sheridan. "Shifting States, Altered Fates: Divergent Fuel Moisture Responses after High Frequency Wildfire in an Obligate Seeder Eucalypt Forest." Forests 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050436.
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High frequency wildfires can shift the structure and composition of obligate seeder forests and initiate replacement with alternative vegetation states. In some forests, the alternative stable state is drier and more easily burned by subsequent fires, driving a positive feedback that promotes further wildfire and perpetuates alternative stable states. Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans (F.Muell.)) forests are highly valued for their biodiversity, water, timber and carbon. Fires are a natural part of the lifecycle of these forests, but too frequent fires can eliminate Mountain Ash and trigger a transition to lower stature, non-eucalypt forests which are dominated by understorey species. This study sought to better understand the fuel moisture dynamics of alternative stable states resulting from high frequency wildfires. A vegetation mosaic in the Central Highlands, Victoria created a unique opportunity to measure fuel moisture in adjacent forest stands that differed in overstorey species composition and time since fire. Specifically, we measured fuel moisture and microclimate at two eucalypt sites (9 and 79 years old) and three non-eucalypt sites (two 9 year old and one 79 year old). Fuel availability, defined here as the number of days surface fuels were below 16% and dry enough to ignite and sustain fire, was calculated to estimate flammability. Fuel availability differed between sites, particularly as a function of time since fire, with recently burnt sites available to burn more often (4–17 versus 0–3 days). There were differences in fuel availability between non-eucalypt sites of the same age, suggesting that high frequency fire does not always lead to the same vegetation condition or outcome for fuel availability. This indicates there is potential for both positive and negative flammability feedbacks following state transition depending on the composition of the non-eucalypt state. This is the first study to provide empirical insight into the fuel moisture dynamics of alternative stable states in Mountain Ash forests.
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Huixun, Zhao, and Wang Chuankuan. "Research on regeneration approaches of Korean pine forests." Journal of Northeast Forestry University 6, no. 3 (September 1995): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02880632.
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Brown, G. W., J. L. Nelson, and K. A. Cherry. "The influence of habitat structure on insectivorous bat activity in montane ash forests of the Central Highlands, Victoria." Australian Forestry 60, no. 2 (January 1997): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1997.10674709.
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Smith, R. B., and P. W. Woodgate. "Appraisal of fire damage and inventory for timber salvage by remote sensing in mountain ash forests in Victoria." Australian Forestry 48, no. 4 (January 1985): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1985.10674453.
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Konijnendijk, Cecil, Thomas Randrup, and Kjell Nilsson. "Urban Forestry Research in Europe: An Overview." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 26, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2000.018.
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A comprehensive European overview of recent and ongoing research in Europe was carried out within the framework of COST Action E12, "Urban Forests and Trees," a pan-European research network. This paper presents some of the main findings of a comparative analysis of 20 individual country reports. The analysis shows that research on urban forests and urban trees in Europe has a wide scope and is rather fragmented and uncoordinated. Universities and state research institutes, mostly with a forestry or horticultural background, dominate the research. Relevant research is primarily funded from state and municipal sources. Significant differences exist between countries with regard to the level of activity, research topics and institutions involved.
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Mutz, Rüdiger. "Privatwaldforschung in Deutschland: Überblick und Folgerungen | Private forest owner research in Germany: Overview and implications." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 158, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2007.0285.
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This contribution aims to give a summary about the research of private forests in Germany by summarizing the forest structure, enumerating themes and trends, and illustrating four studies. The private forests in Germany share 43.6% on the total forest area (EU-average: 65%), the largest percentage of the German forest area in comparison to state or communal forests. In private forests considerably less wood is utilized as is grown again. Furthermore, private forests are actually prone to drastic structural changes in combination with the structural crisis of agriculture. Beyond the traditional agricultural forest owner a new type of forest owner is appearing,so-called «urban» forest owner. For further research meta-analysis, an evaluation of advisory service programs and forest funds are discussed.
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Armson, Kenneth A. "Chemicals and Our Forests." Forestry Chronicle 62, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc62379-4.
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The effects of chemicals, including acid rain, on our forests have been largely represented in stark, simplistic terms. The result is that many unsubstantiated or conjectural 'facts' and relationships are generally accepted. The intelligent use of chemicals in forest management is necessary if our forests are going to sustain a viable industry in the long run. New policies and mandates are required for significant progress in the research, development and use of pesticides in forestry.
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Hall, J. Peter, L. W. Carlson, and D. E. Dube. "A Forestry Canada Approach to Environmental Forestry." Forestry Chronicle 66, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc66138-2.
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The continued use and development of the forest environment requires that it be treated in a manner that ensures sustainable development. The forest ecosystem available for commercial exploitation has been shown to be finite and human intervention on a large scale is needed to replace, renew and rehabilitate these forests. An environmental forestry research program must have as its goal a sustainable forest. To attain this, research must be conducted on the forest ecosystem, on monitoring and characterizing the forest, on protecting the forest and on renewing the forest. This constitutes the Forestry Canada program. This research will assist in the development of practices needed for the healthy functioning of the forest ecosystem, for industrial forest management, recreational forestry and the preservation of our forests for future generations. Forestry Canada has made major contributions in the whole field of environmental protection of the forest ecosystem. The examples presented here demonstrate Forestry Canada's commitment to environmentally-sound forest management practices. Those practices allow development of the forest for the benefit of all Canadians and for the forest.
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Velastegui-Montoya, Andrés, Néstor Montalván-Burbano, Gina Peña-Villacreses, Aline de Lima, and Gricelda Herrera-Franco. "Land Use and Land Cover in Tropical Forest: Global Research." Forests 13, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 1709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101709.
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Tropical ecosystems play an important role in the environment. They provide multiple ecosystem services, such as carbon capture and sequestration, food supply, and climate regulation. Studying land use and land cover change makes it possible to understand the land’s alterations associated with deforestation, degradation, erosion, soil desertification, and biodiversity loss. The objective of this study is to evaluate the different approaches to land use and land cover research in tropical forests based on the evolutionary and qualitative analysis of the last 44 years of scientific production. The data were collected using the Scopus database and was based on the PRISMA methodology’s four phases: (i) identification, (ii) screening, (iii) eligibility, and (iv) included. The results showed a significant increase in the study of land use and land cover consolidated in 4557 articles, with contributions from 74 countries, revealing 14 themes and seven lines of research. Core research areas such as biodiversity, land use, and conservation exist due to the ongoing interest in the value of tropical forests and their response to climate change. The present research allowed us to consider future study topics such as the relationship between sustainable development goals and land use and cover in tropical forests, as well as the evaluation of the environmental impact of economic activities in forests.
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Mohd Ghazali, Norzalyta, Mohd Nizam Mohd Said, Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar, Aisyah Marliza Muhmad Kamarulzaman, and Siti Nor Maizah Saad. "Research Opportunity on Fractional Cover of Forest: A Bibliometric Review." Forests 13, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101664.
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Forests are threatened globally by deforestation. Forest restoration at the landscape scale can reduce these threats. Ground-based and remote sensing inventories are needed to assess restoration success. Fractional canopy cover estimated from forest algorithms can be used to monitor forest loss, growth, and health via remote sensing. Various studies on the fractional cover of forest have been published. However, none has yet conducted a bibliometric analysis. Bibliometrics provide a detailed examination of a topic, pointing academics to new research possibilities. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first bibliometric study screening publications to assess the incidence of studies of the fractional cover of forests in Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. This research analyses WoS and Scopus publications on the fractional cover of forest dating from 1984 to 2021. The current study uses the Bibliometrix R-package for citation metrics and analysis. The first paper on the fractional cover of forest was published in 1984 and annual publication numbers have risen since 2002. USA and China were the most active countries in the study of fractional cover of forests. A total of 955 documents from 69 countries with multiple languages were retrieved. Vegetation, forestry, and remote sensing were the most discussed topics. Findings suggest more studies on the fractional cover of forests algorithms should be conducted in tropical forest from developing countries.
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Appenzeller-Winterberger, Claudia, and Ruth Kaufmann-Hayoz. "Wald und Gesundheit | Forests and health." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0234.
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The present article throws light on both the functions assigned to the forests in Switzerland and the connection between forests and human health and well-being. On the basis of the review study by GASSER & KAUFMANN-HAYOZ (2005), we then illustrate in which scientific fields, research, initiatives and projects exist. This overview shows that forests in Switzerland are considered to have important health-promoting influences. It also becomes evident that more intensive research into the connection between forests and human health would be worthwhile.
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Macinnis-Ng, Cate, and Xiuhua Zhao. "Addressing Gender Inequities in Forest Science and Research." Forests 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030400.
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Forest research and professional workforces continue to be dominated by men, particularly at senior and management levels. In this review, we identify some of the historical and ongoing barriers to improved gender inclusion and suggest some solutions. We showcase a selection of women in forestry from different disciplines and parts of the globe to highlight a range of research being conducted by women in forests. Boosting gender equity in forest disciplines requires a variety of approaches across local, regional and global scales. It is also important to include intersectional analyses when identifying barriers for women in forestry, but enhanced equity, diversity and inclusion will improve outcomes for forest ecosystems and social values of forests, with potential additional economic benefits.
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Webb, Derek. "Research for People – IDRC's Experience in Forestry Research." Forestry Chronicle 66, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc66237-3.
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Changing perceptions of the importance of trees and forests in the developing world are, in turn, stimulating increased activity in forest research. Within this context, the role of the International Development Research Center (IDRC) in supporting such research over nearly two decades is described. IDRC's approach is quite different from that of most donor agencies. Its philosophy is based on two over-riding concepts; first, that the research it supports should benefit the poor people of the world; and. second, that the research should be planned and carried out by scientists of the developing countries. Drawing on past experience, alternative strategies for future support are discussed.
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Kenney, W. A. "A strategy for Canada's urban forests." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79785-4.
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Urban forests are where 80% of Canadians live and work and, as such, represent their most intimate contact with their natural environment. The trees and woodlands in and around our cities and towns provide a broad range of environmental and socio-economic benefits to society. A recent survey in Ontario indicates that urbanites in that province not only consider their urban forests to be very important to them; they are also concerned about their conservation and management. A strategy for a collaborative, sustained, and nationally based effort to advance urban forestry in Canada is presented under the themes of community action, interdisciplinary relations, policy, professional development, research, and urban forests and planning. Key words: urban forest, strategy, community action, interdisciplinary relations, policy, professional development, research, planning.
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Alexander, J. S. A., D. J. Scotts, and R. H. Loyn. "Impacts of timber harvesting on mammals, reptiles and nocturnal birds in native hardwood forests of East Gippsland, Victoria: a retrospective approach." Australian Forestry 65, no. 3 (January 2002): 182–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2002.10674871.
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Duchesne, Luc C., and Suzanne Wetzel. "Managing timber and non-timber forest product resources in Canada's forests: Needs for integration and research." Forestry Chronicle 78, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc78837-6.
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Non-timber forest products (NTFP) are emerging globally as a tool for the establishment of sustainable forest communities. They provide employment to various sectors of society, draw on local expertise and culture, and increase the outputs of forests. In recent years, NTFP have received accrued interest by the general public, governments and the private sectors of Canada. However, for the NTFP industry to enter mainstream Canadian industrial culture it is now critical to attempt the integration of the timber industry with the NTFP industry to benefit both sectors. NTFP can be harvested from four types of environment: wild stocks from timber-productive forests, wild stocks from non-timber-productive forests or lands, managed stocks from intensively managed forests, and domesticated stocks from agricultural systems. A large body of evidence suggests that NTFP management and harvest can serve the forest industry in many ways. There are four possible types of interaction between the NTFP and timber industries: independent resource use, competition for resources, complementary resource use and symbiotic resource use. Integration of both industries in a sustainable manner will need to be supported with research that address economic, social, policy and ecological questions. Key words: NTFP, sustainability, biodiversity, community forestry
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Villeneuve, Normand, and Jacques Brisson. "Old-growth forests in the temperate deciduous zone of Quebec: Identification and evaluation for conservation and research purposes." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79559-3.
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The Quebec Department of Natural Resources (Ministère des ressources naturelles du Québec) is working to identify and protect old-growth forests in the deciduous forest zone of the province. A total of 88 sites was visited and a multivariate analysis of the main attributes of old growth allowed the development of quantitative definitions and criteria for identifying old-growth sugar maple (Acer saccharum), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), eastern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis), and red spruce (Picea rubens) stands. Life expectancy of various species according to environment was determined through a statistical analysis of 21 500 study trees taken from the province's forest inventory. Four different identification criteria for old-growth forests were developed that include a number of indicators for old growth. Along with advanced age of forest cover, the criteria that best reflected the nature of old-growth forests were the presence of large dead trees, low cutting intensity, and the importance of shade-tolerant species. Old-growth forests identified during this validation work occupy roughly 60 km2 in Quebec's deciduous forest zone. Among other things, old-growth sugar maple stands of over 400 years old were discovered, containing stems with a diameter at breast height of 140 cm and a height of over 38 m. The very great potential of many of these exceptional forests for scientific research and biodiversity conservation is illustrated by the work carried out in the Boisé des Muir. Despite its small size, this sugar maple stand, which is over 300 years old, has advanced knowledge in fields as varied as forest dynamics, biodiversity, and climate studies, and has also served as a control site for various scientific studies. Key words: old-growth forests, definitions, criteria, indicators, inventory, Quebec, conservation, scientific value
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Sellers, R. Sean, Melissa M. Kreye, Tyler J. Carney, Lauren K. Ward, and Damian C. Adams. "Can Payments for Watershed Services Help Advance Restoration of Longleaf Pine? A Critically Engaged Research Approach." Forests 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030279.
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Private forests in the southeastern US are critical for providing a variety of ecosystem services, including timber production and water resource protection. Restoration of longleaf pine (LLP) forests and savannas tends to enhance some ecosystem services, including water supply, over timber production. A variety of payments for watershed services (PWS) strategies have emerged to address the market failure associated with private forests and public water supply. The nature of these programs suggests that biodiversity protection may be a positive externality, or third-party benefit, to water resource protection. This paper uses a critically engaged research approach and expert interviews to investigate how PWS programs may help prevent land use change and promote LLP restoration. We also offer recommendations on how to sustain emerging efforts to implement PWS strategies while including LLP restoration objectives.
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Bell, F. Wayne, James A. Baker, George Bruemme, John Pineau, and Al Stinson. "The Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership: Implementing a research strategy based on an active adaptive management approach." Forestry Chronicle 84, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84666-5.
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Between April 2000 and March 2007, the Canadian Ecology Centre – Forestry Research Partnership funded, directed, or catalyzed approximately 145 projects. Most of these focused on knowledge and data acquisition, providing a solid foundation for a series of sensitivity and gap analyses to determine whether a long-term goal of enhancing productivity on 6 forest management units in Ontario was achievable, and more importantly, sustainable. A research strategy provided the focus for knowledge and data acquisition and the partnership facilitated integrated research, development, transfer, and implementation. Here we provide an overview of this effort, which is expected to position forest managers of the 6 forests to apply an adaptive management process to increase understanding of the response of their forests to various forest management policies and practices in the future. The strategy and approach described could be useful to other jurisdictions aiming to more closely integrate forest research and operations as well as those interested in implementing adaptive management. Key words: forest ecology, forest economics, forest inventory, forest management
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Griss, Paul. "Implementing sustainable forests: A Canadian commitment." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69535-5.
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Sustainable Forests: A Canadian Commitment promises some fundamental changes in the approach to forest management in Canada. Achieving these objectives will require political will and creative and innovative approaches to securing the necessary human and financial resources. In particular, increased attention is required to non-timber values, changing roles and responsibilities, public participation, research, and reporting, if the strategy is to be implemented successfully. Governments must demonstrate leadership in these areas, but are impeded by structural, political, and financial constraints.
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Krajter Ostoić, Silvija, Dijana Vuletić, Špela Planinšek, Urša Vilhar, and Anže Japelj. "Three Decades of Urban Forest and Green Space Research and Practice in Croatia and Slovenia." Forests 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020136.
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Background and Objectives: Urban forests and green space contribute to human wellbeing. Green infrastructure is recognized by the European Union as a planning tool that contributes to the implementation of many public policies, with urban forests and green space as its main building blocks. Croatia and Slovenia are young democracies and recent members of the European Union. Hence, they also need to contribute to the implementation of those policies. Previous review studies on urban forests and green space rarely addressed scientific or professional publications in those countries. Furthermore, the body of knowledge about urban forest and green space research and practice in post-socialist countries is still rather weak. The goal of the paper is (a) to show that urban forest and green space research and practice is much stronger in these countries than it is possible to assume based only on previous review papers or only by searching Scopus and Web of Science, and (b) to describe publications written by scientists and professionals in the past 30 years. Materials and Methods: We used a trilingual systematic literature review to identify scientific and grey literature in various databases, as well as a snowballing technique, and yielded 211 publications in Croatia and 84 in Slovenia. Results: We identified many more publications on urban forests and green space science and practice in Croatia and Slovenia than it was possible to assume based only on previous review papers and when searching solely publications in English. Croatian authors showed continuity over time in terms of number of publications, while Slovenian publications have been on the rise in the past decade. In both countries, scientific papers were most frequent, and the vast majority of studies addressed capital cities. Croatian publications mainly focused on parks and park-forests, while Slovenian publications focused on urban forests. Interestingly, Croatian authors were affiliated with over 60 organizations, and in comparison to Slovenian authors, have stronger preference towards publishing in their local language. Green space planning and design followed by resource inventory were the most frequent themes. The least addressed themes in both countries were resource management, economic aspects, policy, legislation or governance. Conclusions: Important discussion in the future, especially in Croatia, would be regulation of urban forestry as a profession. Cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary studies, as well as focusing on cities other than capitals in future, can help in addressing issues such as climate change or application of participatory approaches.
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Gomez, Demian F., Shiroma Sathyapala, and Jiri Hulcr. "Towards Sustainable Forest Management in Central America: Review of Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) Outbreaks, Their Causes, and Solutions." Forests 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020173.
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Outbreaks of the southern pine beetle (SPB) Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann in Central America have had a devastating impact on pine forests. It remains unclear to what extent these outbreaks are caused by the beetle’s ecology, climate, and historical management practices. Using research data and experience accumulated in northern latitudes to guide management of forests in Central America is associated with great uncertainty, given the many unique features of the conifer forests in this region. The main recommendation from this review is that Central American bark beetle outbreaks need to be studied locally, and the local climate, biotic elements, and silvicultural history need to be considered. The key to reducing the impacts of SPB in Central America are local research and implementation of proactive management, in order to facilitate the establishment of forests more resilient to increasing environmental and anthropogenic pressures.
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Pavlovska, Tetyana Serhiyivna, Yurii Valentunovuch Biletskyi, Aleksandr Vladymyrovych Rudyk, and Iryna Vitaliivna Samoliuk. "RECREATIONAL AND HEALTH IMPROVING FORESTS OF THE SE «LIUBOML FE»." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 49 (2019): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.49.137-148.
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The purpose of this article is to study the modern structure of the recreational and health improving forests of the State Enterprise «Liuboml forestry» (by category of land, by their location and use, according to the age groups of wood species, according to the breed composition of forest stands) in the context of the investigation of recreational forest use in the territory of the Volyn region. Research methodology. The research was based on the materials of the State Enterprise «Liuboml FE» and the Volyn Region Department of Forestry and Hunting. The comparative-geographical and graphical methods were used. Results. The results of the analysis of the categorical structure of forests of the State Enterprise «Liuboml forestry» are presented. The place of recreational and health improving forests in the structure of the forest fund of the investigated enterprise is described. The analysis of the structure of recreational and health improving forests according to the categories of land (forest areas covered with forest vegetation, forest areas not covered by forest vegetation), the division of recreational and health improving forests according to their location and use (forests within settlements, forests within green zones around settlements, forests beyond the green zones). A comparative analysis of the actual and optimal age structure of groups of tree’s breeds of recreational and health improving forests is made. The breed composition of forest stands of recreational and health improving forests and their phytoncidity are characterized. The spatial distribution of recreational items within the forestry fund of the forestry enterprise is analyzed. Scientific novelty. Measures to optimize recreational forest use and enhance the recreational function of forests within the territory under study are suggested. Practical meaning. The obtained research results are an important information base for the development of sustainable recreational forest use within the State Enterprise «Liuboml FE» and the Volyn region as a whole.