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Journal articles on the topic 'Forests and forestry Papua New Guinea'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Thompson, Herb. "Environment and Development: The Forests of Papua New Guinea." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 6, no. 2 (July 1995): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9500600203.

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The uniqueness and importance of island tropical moist rainforests, such as that of Papua New Guinea is well recognised. It can be safely argued that tropical islands with their rainforests and adjacent coral reefs may well comprise the most biologically rich complexes of ecosystems on the planet. Therefore, those who pursue economic growth or developmental processes on these islands must be particularly cognizant of the environment. This paper examines, with particular reference to Papua New Guinea, the relationship between development and the environment. Papua New Guinea incorporates the largest continuous tract of lowland tropical moist rainforest in the Southeast Asia/Pacific region. The forestry sector in Papua New Guinea is described. This is followed by a conceptualisation of the environmental/economic dilemma. It is then argued that economic criteria and legal/juridical policies, used by international agencies and the State to resolve the problem of forest degradation, have proved to be a failure in Papua New Guinea. Those people most affected, villagers and peasants, have no control over the incursion of international capital and are forced or enticed to sell off their own and future generation’s customary land rights. Social relationships have been commercialised in a most effective manner. In return the villagers receive roads without maintenance, schools without teachers and royalty agreements without payment. To date no consensus has yet been achieved on the relationship between the protagonists of economic growth and those of ecological or social sustainability

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2

Filer, Colin, Rodney J. Keenan, Bryant J. Allen, and John R. Mcalpine. "Deforestation and forest degradation in Papua New Guinea." Annals of Forest Science 66, no. 8 (January 2009): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest/2009067.

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3

Sheil, Douglas, Manuel Boissière, Miriam van Heist, Ismail Rachman, Imam Basuki, Meilinda Wan, and Yoseph Watopa. "The Floodplain Forests of the Mamberamo Basin, Papua, Indonesia (Western New Guinea): Vegetation, Soils, and Local Use." Forests 12, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121790.

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New Guinea is the world’s largest, most speciose, and most culturally rich tropical island, and the little-studied Mamberamo Basin of Papua (Indonesian New Guinea) is recognised among the region’s most-important areas for biological diversity. Here, we examined the floodplain forests in the indigenous territory of Papasena, within the Mamberamo-Foja Wildlife Reserve in the Mamberamo Basin. As part of a training activity with local researchers, students, and civil servants, and with the permission and assistance of the local people, we employed various methods including the field surveys detailed here. We used variable-area tree plots, transects for non-trees and soil sampling, and local informants to document 17 plots: four in old-growth dryland forest, five in old-growth swamp forests (two seasonally flooded and three permanently wet including one dominated by sago, Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), five in secondary forest (fallows), and three in gardens (two in swamps and one on dryland). In total, we measured 475 trees over 10 cm in diameter at 1.3 m (dbh). The swamp forests had high local basal areas (highest value 45.1 m2 ha−1) but relatively low statures (20 m but with emergent trees over 40 m). In total, 422 morphospecies from 247 genera and 89 different families were distinguished. These included 138 tree species and 284 non-tree plant species. A quarter (105) of the morphospecies lacked species-level identifications. The woody families Rubiaceae, Araceae, Moraceae, and Euphorbiaceae were especially diverse, with 20 or more morphospecies each. Tree richness was highest in dryland forest (plot 7 having 28 species in 40 stems over 10 cm dbh) with more variation in the flooded forests. Non-tree vegetation showed similar patterns ranging from 65 species in one 40-by-5 m primary forest plot to just 5 in one seasonally flooded forest plot. The local people identified many plants as useful. Among trees, at least 59 species were useful for construction (the most common use), while, for non-trees, medicinal uses were most frequent. Inceptisols dominated (12 plots), followed by Ultisols and Entisols (3 and 2 plots, respectively). Drainage appeared poor and nutrient availability low, while land-suitability criteria implied little potential for crops aside from sago. We discuss the implication of local practises and more recent developments that may threaten the conservation of these floodplain systems. We underline the key role of local people in the oversight and protection of these ecosystems.

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4

Dargavel, John. "From Exploitation to Science: Lane Poole's Forest Surveys of Papua and New Guinea, 1922 - 1924." Historical Records of Australian Science 17, no. 1 (2006): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr05014.

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Charles Lane Poole (1875-1970) was engaged from 1922 to 1924 to locate forest resources that could be exploited for a timber export trade from the Territories of Papua and New Guinea. He took his brief beyond this in order to establish a scientific base for forestry, explore country beyond the limits of white contact, and contribute to the mapping of the Territories. He did not find a timber resource for export, but he classified the forests, assessed likely areas and collected some 800 herbarium specimens. This paper examines his surveys in light of these dimensions, the context of time and place, and Lane Poole's beliefs and energy.

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5

Rome, G., R. Turia, L. Oa, T. Page, G. Applegate, and C. Saliau. "Sandalwood trade and development in Papua New Guinea." Australian Forestry 83, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2020.1855005.

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6

Hunt, Colin. "Local and global benefits of subsidizing tropical forest conservation." Environment and Development Economics 7, no. 2 (April 25, 2002): 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x02000207.

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The article describes and quantifies the financial benefits of small-scale community forestry, conducted on an ecologically sustainable basis—‘eco-forestry’, by customary landowners in Papua New Guinea. Through economic modelling the article also attempts to quantify the global benefits generated. Eco-forestry is subsidized by donors directly and through NGOs in its setting up and certification. Financial modelling suggests that, with a subsidy, eco-forestry is capable of generating a return to landowners that is comparable to industrial logging. While the return to logging followed by conversion to agriculture is much more attractive than eco-forestry, agriculture is an option available only in some locations. Economic modelling finds that the external economic benefits emanating from tropical forest conservation that replaces logging in Papua New Guinea are far greater in scale than the financial benefits to landowners. However, the lack of reliable data on the environmental benefits of forest conservation means that economic analysis is somewhat inconclusive. The need for further research to quantify environmental benefits is thus highlighted. The subsidization of forest conservation directly, instead of indirectly through small-scale forestry, is investigated and found to generate a similar level of economic benefits to eco-forestry. However, the cost of direct subsidization is greater. Moreover, mechanisms for direct subsidy are undeveloped in Papua New Guinea. Donors may prefer to continue to subsidize small-scale forestry where it replaces logging because of its apparent conservation and side benefits and because it is operational, while at the same time exploring and extending cost-effective models of direct conservation that have the advantage over eco-forestry of being applicable in more remote areas. Compared with industrial logging, eco-forestry contributes little to consolidated revenue. Therefore it is to be expected that eco-forestry will meet government resistance if it makes significant inroads into the allocation of logging concessions.

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7

Belleville, Benoit, Ravu Iru, Charles Tsiritsi, and Barbara Ozarska. "Planing characteristics of Papua New Guinea timber species from plantations and regrowth forests." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 78, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01495-z.

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8

Grussu, Giorgio, Riccardo Testolin, Simon Saulei, Alessio Farcomeni, Cossey K. Yosi, Michele De Sanctis, and Fabio Attorre. "Optimum plot and sample sizes for carbon stock and biodiversity estimation in the lowland tropical forests of Papua New Guinea." Forestry 89, no. 2 (December 13, 2015): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpv047.

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9

Bryan, Jane, J. B. Kirkpatrick, P. L. Shearman, and J. Ash. "On estimating tropical forest carbon dynamics in Papua New Guinea." Annals of Forest Science 68, no. 2 (March 2011): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0042-x.

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10

Bartlett, A. G. "Factors affecting the success of collaborative forestry research in Papua New Guinea." Australian Forestry 81, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2018.1462546.

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11

Shearman, Philip L., Jane Bryan, Julian Ash, Brendan Mackey, and Barbara Lokes. "Deforestation and degradation in Papua New Guinea: a response to Filer and colleagues, 2009." Annals of Forest Science 67, no. 3 (January 2010): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest/2010001.

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12

Page, T., G. K. Jeffrey, P. Macdonell, D. Hettiarachchi, M. C. Boyce, A. Lata, L. Oa, and G. Rome. "Morphological and heartwood variation of Santalum macgregorii in Papua New Guinea." Australian Forestry 83, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2020.1841440.

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13

DAVIS, ROBERT A., GUY DUTSON, and JUDIT K. SZABO. "Conservation status of threatened and endemic birds of New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000156.

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SummaryNew Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea supports 14 endemic bird species and together with New Ireland, forms an Endemic Bird Area that supports 38 restricted range species. Extensive conversion of lowland forest to oil palm plantations resulted in the loss of over 20% of forest under 100 m altitude between 1989 and 2000. However the rate of loss has subsequently slowed (2.2% loss across all altitudes between 2002 and 2014), and much forest remains at higher altitudes: 72% of New Britain remained forested (including secondary forest) in 2014. Despite the ongoing high threat and rich endemic bird fauna, the state of knowledge of the conservation status of birds in New Britain is very poor. We use an unprecedented dataset based on 415 hours of bird surveys conducted in oil palm plantations, as well as primary and secondary forests at all altitudes, to revise the IUCN status of New Britain’s birds. These data indicate that six species of elevated conservation concern are less dependent on old-growth forest than previously assessed. We recommend reduced population size estimates for one species, New Britain Kingfisher Todiramphus albonotatus. We recommend increased population size estimates for seven species: Pied Cuckoo-dove Reinwardtoena browni, Yellowish Imperial Pigeon Ducula subflavescens, Green-fronted Hanging Parrot Loriculus tener, Blue-eyed Cockatoo Cacatua opthalmica, Violaceous Coucal Centropus violaceous, New Britain Boobook Ninox odiosa and New Britain Thrush Zoothera talaseae. Despite our comprehensive surveys, Slaty-backed Goshawk Accipiter luteoschistaceus, New Britain Sparrowhawk Accipiter brachyurus, New Britain Bronzewing Henicophaps foersteri and Golden Masked-owl Tyto aurantia remain very rarely recorded and require further assessment. With ongoing habitat loss, particularly in lowland areas, New Britain’s birds urgently require more attention.

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14

Jenkin, B., J. Minimulu, and P. Kanowski. "Improving the smallholder balsa value chain in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea." Australian Forestry 82, sup1 (November 7, 2018): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2018.1537541.

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15

Nuberg, I. K., J. A. Mitir, and B. Robinson. "Short-rotation coppice agroforestry for charcoal small business in Papua New Guinea." Australian Forestry 80, no. 3 (May 17, 2017): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2017.1339238.

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16

Rogers, H. M. "Impacts of portable-sawmill logging on stand structure and regeneration in the lowland forests of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Australian Forestry 73, no. 1 (January 2010): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2010.10676305.

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17

Hendri. "CARBON MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN PAPUA REGION." JURNAL KEHUTANAN PAPUASIA 1, no. 1 (November 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46703/jurnalpapuasia.vol1.iss1.23.

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Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest tropical rainforest area, especially in Papua Island together with Papua New Guinea accounted the third largest tropical rainforests in the world, after the Amazon (336.7 million ha) and Congo (181.3 million ha). The total tropical rainforest area is 68.7 million ha contained Papua about 57% (39.2 million ha) and 43% (29.5 million ha) Papua New Guinea. Unfortunately, deforestation rates in the few decades increased from 1.39 million ha in the period 1985 – 1997 and 0.6 million ha in the period 2000 – 2005. The direct impact of rapid LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change & Forestry) changes since 1980`s has accumulated critical land by 29.0% of forest area in West Papua and 31.4% of forest area in Papua. Climate change affected in Papua region due to rapid amount GHG`s emissions into the atmosphere by increasing average temperature about 0.7oC, minimum temperature (0.7oC) and maximum temperature (1.2oC) during period 1996 – 2005. Other effects of climate change the decreased rainfall up to 26% per month in the last decade, 50% reduced total agriculture productivity, expanded malaria diseases, and increased extreme condition such as drought with intensity of forest fire detected in Sorong due to inter-annual climate variability events, such as the El-Niño event and flood due to the La-Niña event. However, it is difficult task to build mitigation and adaptation planning in the region or local scale due to the lack information, the lack human resources, and local topography and phenomena. In that case, so far, no study has been conducted in Papua region to build mitigation and adaptation planning for carbon management. Therefore, this study tries to promote a carbon management program for help local government to solve forest environmental problems consideration of climate change.

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18

LINDEMALM, FRIDA, and HOWARD M. ROGERS. "Impacts of conventional logging and portable sawmill logging operations on tree diversity in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Australian Forestry 64, no. 1 (January 2001): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2001.10676157.

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19

P. Faith, Daniel, H. A. Nix, C. R. Margules, M. F. Hutchinson, P. A. Walker, J. West, J. L. Stein, J. L. Kesteven, A. Allison, and G. Natera. "The BioRap Biodiversity Assessment and Planning Study for Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 4 (2000): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010279.

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Papua New Guinea (PNG) has an incredible variety of land and marine ecosystems, including many components of biodiversity that are unique in the world. PNG's land mass constitutes less than one percent of the world's land area, yet estimates suggest that the country has more than 5% of the world's biodiversity. PNG has been recognized therefore as an important region for biodiversity conservation (see Alcorn 1993; Beehler 1993 and references within). Recently, Conservation International (CI) has recognized PNG as one of the small number of critical tropical forest areas for conservation efforts. That priority reflects not just PNG's unique biodiversity but also the fact that sustainable use of PNG's natural resources has become an important issue, particularly relating to its large mineral deposits, oil and natural gas reserves, agricultural potential, and forestry production potential. CI's perspective highlights important principles of conservation priority. PNG, like the other tropical wilderness areas on its priority list, is regarded as an opportunity for effective conservation at relatively low cost, given that these wilderness regions are still largely intact and have low human population density. In our view, realizing such opportunities requires good planning. Biodiversity conservation in PNG can imply low realized opportunity costs or quite high realized opportunity costs, depending on whether biodiversity planning is used to find a balance among society's competing needs through tradeoffs. PNG is a region worthy of urgent conservation planning attention because potential high net benefits for society may be needlessly foreclosed through inefficient planning that does not address conflicts among various needs of society. The risk of losing those potential net benefits is a strong argument for conservation investment in PNG.

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20

Burenhult, Niclas, Clair Hill, Juliette Huber, Saskia van Putten, Konrad Rybka, and Lila San Roque. "Forests: the cross-linguistic perspective." Geographica Helvetica 72, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-72-455-2017.

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Abstract. Do all humans perceive, think, and talk about tree cover (forests) in more or less the same way? International forestry programs frequently seem to operate on the assumption that they do. However, recent advances in the language sciences show that languages vary greatly as to how the landscape domain is lexicalized and grammaticalized. Different languages segment and label the large-scale environment and its features according to astonishingly different semantic principles, often in tandem with highly culture-specific practices and ideologies. Presumed basic concepts like mountain, valley, and river cannot in fact be straightforwardly translated across languages. In this paper we describe, compare, and evaluate some of the semantic diversity observed in relation to forests. We do so on the basis of first-hand linguistic field data from a global sample of indigenous categorization systems as they are manifested in the following languages: Avatime (Ghana), Duna (Papua New Guinea), Jahai (Malay Peninsula), Lokono (the Guianas), Makalero (East Timor), and Umpila/Kuuku Ya'u (Cape York Peninsula). We show that basic linguistic categories relating to tree cover vary considerably in their principles of semantic encoding across languages, and that forest is a challenging category from the point of view of intercultural translatability. This has consequences for current global policies and programs aimed at standardizing forest definitions and measurements. It calls for greater attention to categorial diversity in designing and implementing such agendas, and for receptiveness to and understanding of local indigenous classification systems in communicating those agendas on the ground.

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21

Testolin, R., S. Saulei, A. Farcomeni, G. Grussu, C. Yosi, M. De Sanctis, and F. Attorre. "Investigating the effect of selective logging on tree biodiversity and structure of the tropical forests of Papua New Guinea." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor1732-008.

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22

Scudder, Micah G., John L. Herbohn, and Jack Baynes. "The failure of eco-forestry as a small-scale native forest management model in Papua New Guinea." Land Use Policy 77 (September 2018): 696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.06.023.

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23

Scudder, Micah G., Jack Baynes, Grahame Applegate, and John Herbohn. "Addressing small-scale forestry informal markets through forest policy revision: A case study in Papua New Guinea." Land Use Policy 88 (November 2019): 104109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104109.

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24

Bourke, R. Michael. "Food, coffee and casuarina: an agroforestry system from the Papua New Guinea highlands." Agroforestry Systems 2, no. 4 (December 1985): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00147038.

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25

Taylor, Brian, Andrew M. Goodliffe, and Fernando Martinez. "How continents break up: Insights from Papua New Guinea." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 104, B4 (April 10, 1999): 7497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998jb900115.

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26

Belleville, Benoit, Kilva Lancelot, Elaine Galore, and Barbara Ozarska. "Assessment of physical and mechanical properties of Papua New Guinea timber species." Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, ahead (2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2020005000101.

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27

Booth, T. H., and T. Jovanovic. "Climate change impacts on species planting domains: a preliminary assessment for selected plantation forests in Fiji, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands." International Forestry Review 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554814811724775.

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28

Banks, Glenn. "Mining multinationals and developing countries: theory and practice in Papua New Guinea." Applied Geography 13, no. 4 (October 1993): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(93)90035-y.

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29

Scudder, Micah G., Jack Baynes, and John Herbohn. "Timber royalty reform to improve the livelihoods of forest resource owners in Papua New Guinea." Forest Policy and Economics 100 (March 2019): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.12.002.

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30

BARTLETT, A. G. "Understanding and evaluating success in international forestry research projects: experience from ACIAR projects in Vietnam, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea." International Forestry Review 20, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 274–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554818824063096.

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31

Tan, Z. D., L. R. Carrasco, and D. Taylor. "Spatial correlates of forest and land fires in Indonesia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 12 (2020): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf20036.

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Biomass fires in Indonesia emit high levels of greenhouse gases and particulate matter, key contributors to global climate change and poor air quality in south-east Asia. In order to better understand the drivers of biomass fires across Indonesia over multiple years, we examined the distribution and probability of fires in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Papua (western New Guinea) over four entire calendar years (2002, 2005, 2011 and 2015). The 4 years of data represent years with El Niño and La Niña conditions and high levels of data availability in the study region. Generalised linear mixed-effects models and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to relate fire hotspots and a range of spatial predictor data. Geographic differences in occurrences of fire hotspots were evident. Fire probability was greatest in mixed-production agriculture lands and in deeper, degraded peatlands, suggesting anthropogenic activities were strong determinants of burning. Drought conditions in El Niño years were also significant. The results demonstrate the importance of prioritising areas of high fire probability, based on land use and other predisposing conditions, in effective fire management planning.

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32

Tan, Z. D., L. R. Carrasco, and D. Taylor. "Corrigendum to: Spatial correlates of forest and land fires in Indonesia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 30, no. 9 (2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf20036_co.

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Biomass fires in Indonesia emit high levels of greenhouse gases and particulate matter, key contributors to global climate change and poor air quality in south-east Asia. In order to better understand the drivers of biomass fires across Indonesia over multiple years, we examined the distribution and probability of fires in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Papua (western New Guinea) over four entire calendar years (2002, 2005, 2011 and 2015). The 4 years of data represent years with El Niño and La Niña conditions and high levels of data availability in the study region. Generalised linear mixed-effects models and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to relate fire hotspots and a range of spatial predictor data. Geographic differences in occurrences of fire hotspots were evident. Fire probability was greatest in mixed-production agriculture lands and in deeper, degraded peatlands, suggesting anthropogenic activities were strong determinants of burning. Drought conditions in El Niño years were also significant. The results demonstrate the importance of prioritising areas of high fire probability, based on land use and other predisposing conditions, in effective fire management planning.

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33

Michael, Patrick S. "Current Evidence and Future Projections: a Comparative Analysis of the Impacts of Climate Change on Critical Climate-Sensitive Areas of Papua New Guinea." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v16i2.35712.

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Climate change is a global concern arising from spatial or temporal changes in precipitation, temperature and greenhouse gases. The impacts of this on critical climate-sensitive areas are largely on land, marine resources, forestry and agriculture, and their biodiversity and ecosystems. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the mainstay (85%) of the rural people is on land and agriculture, compared to resources obtained from the marine areas and forest. Productivity on land depends on climatic factors and a compromised climate affects land, which in turn affects forestry, agriculture and the marine environment (resources and ecosystems). Because of this, a lot of resources have been invested in climate change to understand the impacts; however, much is yet to be achieved, especially in the developing nations. In PNG, understanding the types of changes in climate that will be experienced is important to be resilient, to mitigate and to adapt. In this review, the potential impact of global climate change on climate of PNG and the impact of the new (future) climate on land, marine and forest resources and their biodiversity and ecosystems are analyzed. Moreover, the impacts on crop agriculture are discussed. Analysis of available data shows that the temporal and spatial changes in precipitation and temperature projections of the future climate are within current optimum crop production ranges, at least up to 2090. Since most staple and plantation crops in PNG are C<sub>3</sub> plants, an increase in CO<sub>2</sub> levels will have a fertilizing effect on productivity. The plastic effects on certain crops may benefit some farmers as temperature, precipitation and CO<sub>2</sub> levels change.

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34

Wiset, Kanchana, Robert Fisher, Jack Baynes, Nathan Wampe, Melinda Thom, William Jackson, and John Herbohn. "What could forest landscape restoration look like in the Ramu-Markham Valley of Papua New Guinea?" Land Use Policy 121 (October 2022): 106322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106322.

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35

Hambloch, Caroline. "Land formalization turned land rush: The case of oil palm in Papua New Guinea." Land Use Policy 112 (January 2022): 105818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105818.

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36

Chand, Satish, and Charles Yala. "Institutions for improving access to land for settler-housing: Evidence from Papua New Guinea." Land Use Policy 29, no. 1 (January 2012): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.05.013.

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37

Hartemink, Alfred E. "Nutrient stocks of short-term fallows on a high base status soil in the humid tropics of Papua New Guinea." Agroforestry Systems 63, no. 1 (December 2004): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:agfo.0000049431.12758.01.

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38

Allen, Bryant J. "Dynamics of fallow successions and introduction of robusta coffee in shifting cultivation areas in the lowlands of Papua New Guinea." Agroforestry Systems 3, no. 3 (1985): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00046956.

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39

Singas, Susan, and Peter Manus. "Factors Influencing Adoption of Pond Fish Farming Innovations in Potsy of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea." Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 2, no. 6 (August 2014): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2014.020602.

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40

Burley, Alana L., Neal J. Enright, and Margaret M. Mayfield. "Demographic response and life history of traditional forest resource tree species in a tropical mosaic landscape in Papua New Guinea." Forest Ecology and Management 262, no. 5 (September 2011): 750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.008.

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41

Crittenden, Robert, and David A. M. Lea. "Geographers and ‘logical’ development practice: the smallholder market access and food supply programme in Papua New Guinea." Applied Geography 12, no. 1 (January 1992): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(92)90025-i.

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42

Benes, Vladimir, Steven D. Scott, and Ray A. Binns. "Tectonics of rift propagation into a continental margin: Western Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 99, B3 (March 10, 1994): 4439–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jb02878.

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43

Tregoning, Paul, Kurt Lambeck, Art Stolz, Peter Morgan, Simon C. McClusky, Peter van der Beek, Herbert McQueen, et al. "Estimation of current plate motions in Papua New Guinea from Global Positioning System observations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, B6 (June 10, 1998): 12181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97jb03676.

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Hartemink, Alfred E. "Biomass and nutrient accumulation of Piper aduncum and Imperata cylindrica fallows in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea." Forest Ecology and Management 144, no. 1-3 (April 2001): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00655-1.

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Espey, Manuel, Paridah Md. Tahir, Seng Hua Lee, Adlin Sabrina Muhammad Roseley, and Roger Meder. "Incidence and Severity of End-Splitting in Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. in North Borneo." Forests 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030266.

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Abstract:

Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. is currently the predominant tree species deployed for tree plantation establishment in some parts of Borneo, particularly Sabah state, Malaysia. Its low disease susceptibility, good growth and form, and desirable wood properties make E. pellita particularly suitable for plantation development in the wet tropical regions of south-east Asia. In spite the many positive traits, practical field observations indicate that the species is susceptible to end-splitting. There is some anecdotal evidence to suggest a genetic relationship with the incidence of end-split, although these observations were not statistically tested. This study evaluates the occurrence of end-splitting in five-year old plantation E. pellita in Sabah as affected by family and growth attributes. An existing progeny tree breeding trial, involving seeds that originated from Papua New Guinea, China, Vietnam, Australia, Sabah, and Sarawak with 106 families, was used to carry out the split assessment. Logs from the second thinning were cut into 2.2-m-long sections. The end splits were measured three days later; the incidence and severity of splitting were assessed at both the large and small ends of each log by using a designated split scoring system. The study shows that 99% of all log cross sections (per cut surface) experienced signs of splitting, with an average of 2.7 splits per cut surface. Overall, 54% of all splits were classed as ‘Three-Quarter Radial Splits’ while the occurrence of internal splits was negligible. Split severity showed a heritable and significant difference (h2 = 0.24 at p ≤ 0.05) among the family levels. Splitting was also significantly related to growth factors such as tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH). The findings suggest that end-splitting is caused by family–environment interactions. This offers the opportunity to improve the wood resource of E. pellita via breeding strategies.

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Ota, Yoko, and John Chappell. "Late Quaternary coseismic uplift events on the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, deduced from coral terrace data." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101, B3 (March 10, 1996): 6071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jb02245.

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Hill, E. June, Suzanne L. Baldwin, and Gordon S. Lister. "Magmatism as an essential driving force for formation of active metamorphic core complexes in eastern Papua New Guinea." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 100, B6 (June 10, 1995): 10441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jb03329.

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Abers, Geoffrey A., Carolyn Z. Mutter, and Jia Fang. "Shallow dips of normal faults during rapid extension: Earthquakes in the Woodlark-D'Entrecasteaux rift system, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 102, B7 (July 10, 1997): 15301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97jb00787.

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Butt, Jeff, and Eric Lindstrom. "Currents off the east coast of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, and their relevance to regional undercurrents in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean." Journal of Geophysical Research 99, no. C6 (1994): 12503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jc00399.

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Baas, Pieter. "Anatomical characters and identification of Papua New Guinea timber species. Syoji Sudo, 199 pp. + 131 half-tone plates, 1988. Bulletin of the Forestry ' Forest Products Research Institute No. 350. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Price unknown." IAWA Journal 9, no. 2 (1988): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001071.

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