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Journal articles on the topic 'Forests and forestry, ireland'

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Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Ní Dhubháin, Áine, Ray Gallagher, Andy Whelton, and Sean Wiley. "Ireland." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 1, Special Edition 1 (February 1, 2005): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2005-0020.

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Just over 50% of the productive forest estate in Ireland is less than 25 years of age. The private component of this estate is even younger. Substantial Government and EU grant-aid has been the primary driver to the establishment of private forests. The major factor affecting the competitiveness of the forest – wood / non-wood / services – consumer chain in Ireland therefore is the limited current supply of raw material and the uncertainty about the future supply of roundwood from private forests. Most of these forests are less than 10 hectares in size and are located in inaccessible areas. There are concerns that, due to the lack of economies of scale, harvesting will not take place. The lack of silvicultural skills combined with the absence of an organisational structure among the majority of forest owners makes the economic harvesting and marketing of the timber output from the forests more unlikely. Species distributions of state and private forests are dominated by Picea sitchensis. While the species is suitable for a range of end-uses the opportunities to add value are limited. This is a barrier to the development of value-added enterprises. The development of enterprises using species other than Picea sitchensis is difficult due to the limited and irregular supply. The range of non-wood products and services that can be produced within Picea sitchensis forests is limited. The main problem and research question for enterprise development in the forest sector is to identify the appropriate organisational structure that will facilitate the economic harvesting and marketing of the timber output from small-scale forests. If this structure is in place a key barrier to enterprise development in the forestry sector will be removed. Research and development into value-added applications of Irish grown timber, in particular Picea sitchensis timber, is required to expand the market for that timber. Markets for a range of non-wood products and services need to be investigated further.

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2

Giller, P. S., and J. O’Halloran. "Forestry and the aquatic environment: studies in an Irish context." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2004): 314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-314-2004.

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Abstract. Research on the interaction between plantation forestry and aquatic environments is essential to develop environmentally compatible and sustainable management further. Given, in Ireland, the generally low levels of atmospheric pollution, its geology and maritime climate, and the unique fauna and flora due to its island history, such studies are important not only in the regional context, but also internationally, as they provide an opportunity to examine the effect of forestry and forest management practices on aquatic systems per se, without the complications of acidification. Here, some of the major findings of forestry and water research in Ireland have been reviewed and compared with those from the UK and elsewhere. Plantation forests do not exacerbate acidification in the south of Ireland (Munster) as a whole so that the influence of forestry on water chemistry is far less important than in other parts of the country (such as Wicklow and Mayo). The main forestry influence on streams in Munster is more likely through physical factors, but their nature is unclear. In a few catchments some negative effects are evident, but in many others apparently positive forest effects occur. In this context, smaller scale catchment-level effects appear to be more important in explaining the various relationships between plantation forests and stream ecology than larger scale regional factors. The management of riparian zones, particularly in forested catchments, is of major importance for the structure and functioning of aquatic communities and further work is needed on best management practices. It is suggested that it is unreasonable to base forest management on national Forest-Fisheries guidelines since regions vary too much and the signal from local conditions is too strong. The approach for environmentally benign, scientifically sound forestry management has to be at the catchment scale. Trees in the right places may be beneficial ecologically but further work is needed to identify these locations. The introduction of new forest management practices such as adoption of new species mixes and continuous forest cover are at an early stage in Ireland and their influence on aquatic systems is unknown. Keywords: forest-stream interactions, Irish plantation forestry, hydrochemistry, macroinvertebrates, salmonids, forest management

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3

Dhubhain, Aine Ni, and Sarah Wall. "The New Owners of Small Private Forests in Ireland." Journal of Forestry 97, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/97.6.28.

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Abstract Private forestry has expanded rapidly in Ireland during the past two decades. Much of the increase in planting is by first-time nonindustrial private forest owners. Little is known about these new investors in forestry and even less about the kind of management being undertaken in the new private plantations. A study examines how Irish owners manage their forests and what sources of forestry information they prefer. One finding: the majority rely on management companies for afforestation yet intend to carry out operations themselves once the management contract expires. Most of these forest owners have no tradition, experience, or knowledge of woodland management.

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Lundholm, Anders, Edwin Corrigan, and Maarten Nieuwenhuis. "Implementing Climate Change and Associated Future Timber Price Trends in a Decision Support System Designed for Irish Forest Management and Applied to Ireland’s Western Peatland Forests." Forests 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030270.

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Research Highlights: Predicting impacts on forest management of Climate Change (CC) and dynamic timber prices by incorporating these external factors in a Forest Management Decision Support System (FMDSS). Background and Objectives: Forest managers must comply with Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices, including considering the long-term impacts that CC and the bioeconomy may have on their forests and their management. The aims of this study are: (1) incorporate the effects of CC and Dynamic Prices (DP) in a FMDSS that was developed for Ireland’s peatland forests, (2) analyse the impact of global climate and market scenarios on forest management and forest composition at the landscape level. Materials and Methods: Remsoft Woodstock is a strategic planning decision support system that is widely used for forest management around the world. A linear programming model was developed for Ireland’s Western Peatland forests while using Woodstock. Data from Climadapt, which is an expert-based decision support system that was developed in Ireland, were used to include CC effects on forest productivity and species suitability. Dynamic market prices were also included to reflect the changing demands for wood fibre as part of the European Union (EU) and global effort to mitigate CC. Results: DP will likely have more impact on harvest patterns, volumes, and net present value than CC. Higher assortment prices, especially for pulpwood, stimulate the harvesting of forests on marginal sites and off-set some of the negative CC growth impacts on forest profitability. Conclusions: Incorporating CC and bioeconomy prices in a forest decision support system is feasible and recommendable. Foresters should incorporate the expected global changes in their long-term management planning to mitigate the negative effects that un-informed management decisions can have on the sustainability of their forests.

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5

O'Hanlon, Richard, Thomas J. Harrington, Shannon M. Berch, and Renata A. Outerbridge. "Comparisons of macrofungi in plantations of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in its native range (British Columbia, Canada) versus non-native range (Ireland and Britain) show similar richness but different species composition." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 5 (May 2013): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0391.

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In the absence of native forests, non-native plantation forests have been identified as having an important function in conserving native biodiversity world-wide, including fungal biodiversity. The non-native tree species Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière) is now the most abundant tree species in forests in Ireland and Britain, and these forests have been the focus of recent research into their ability to conserve native biodiversity. We conducted an analysis using data from macrofungal surveys from Sitka spruce forests in its native (Vancouver Island, Canada) and non-native (Ireland and Britain) range. Also included in all analyses were data for macrofungal diversity from other native tree species forests in each of the three regions. A total of 630 macrofungal species from seven forest types were analyzed, including 122, 247, and 70 species from Irish, British, and Vancouver Island Sitka spruce forests, respectively. In all three regions, notwithstanding differences in the ages of the sites surveyed in each region, the Sitka spruce forests were found to have species richness similar to that of the other forests types investigated. The communities of the Sitka spruce forests were clearly different in each of the regions, with only 17 species shared among Sitka spruce forests in all three regions. Overall, we found that Sitka spruce plantations in Ireland and Britain could provide a complementary ecosystem for native macrofungi, acting as a suitable forest type for many macrofungi in the absence of native forests. By encouraging the development of old-growth conditions in some plantations, along with the conservation of already existing seminatural forests in Britain and Ireland, we believe the best situation for macrofungal conservation can be achieved.

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6

Cannell, M. "Carbon storage and sequestration in the forests of Northern Ireland." Forestry 69, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/69.2.155.

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7

Howley, Peter, Mary Ryan, and Cathal O. Donoghue. "Forestry in Ireland: An examination of individuals’ preferences and attitudes towards the non-market benefits of forests." Irish Geography 44, no. 2 (April 12, 2014): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2011.47.

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In addition to their importance for timber production, Ireland’s forests represent a multi-faceted resource that enhances the environment, promotes biodiversity, sequesters atmospheric carbon and facilitates recreational activity. Within this context, the overall aim of this paper is to examine some of the non-market - or rather non-timber production related - benefits of forests. Forestry investment has been identified as a means of promoting economic development in rural areas. The survey results presented here suggest that there are likely to be substantial public good benefits to the promotion of the forestry sector. More specifically, given the frequency of visits nationally, forest parks are shown to be a recreational resource which is highly valued by the general public. Results suggest, however, that individuals are not a homogeneous group with regard to their use of forest parks as there are significant differences between likely users and non-users. In terms of visual amenity, the general public rated forest landscape elements quite highly relative to a variety of other landscape elements. For the most part, those surveyed did not feel that too much of the country’s land area was currently in forestry use. Finally, respondents held the biodiversity and carbon sequestration benefits of forestry to be more important than benefits in terms of timber production.

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8

Byrne, K. A. "Carbon stocks and sequestration in plantation forests in the Republic of Ireland." Forestry 79, no. 4 (June 21, 2006): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpl026.

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9

Dunbar, A. "The productivity of Douglas fir in Ireland." Forestry 75, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/75.5.537.

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10

Carroll, Matthew, Áine Ní Dhubháin, and Ciaran Nugent. "Afforestation and Local Residents in County Kerry, Ireland." Journal of Forestry 107, no. 7 (October 1, 2009): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/107.7.358.

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Abstract A strong case can be made for the global benefits of afforestation, particularly in areas with a history of deforestation. One challenge of afforestation, however, is that the trees have to be put in someone's “backyard.” Local responses to afforestation depend in large part on local context. This study looks at local reactions to the planting of new forests in County Kerry, Ireland. Based on interviews with a cross-section of local residents and local actors we identify a number of social positives and negatives associated with afforestation as seen through the eyes of local people. We recommend even greater attention to the relationship of land use and local community development as forestry moves forward in the present day Ireland.

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11

Wellock, M. L., B. Reidy, C. M. Laperle, T. Bolger, and G. Kiely. "Soil organic carbon stocks of afforested peatlands in Ireland." Forestry 84, no. 4 (September 2, 2011): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpr046.

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12

Niskanen, Anssi. "Forest sector entrepreneurship in Europe – summary of country studies of COST Action E30." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 1, Special Edition 1 (February 1, 2005): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2005-0011.

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What is COST action E30? COST is an intergovernmental framework for European co-operation in the field of scientific and technical research, allowing the co-ordination of nationally funded research on a European level. COST is formed of Actions, which cover basic and precompetitive research as well as activities of public utility. COST action E30 “Economic integration of urban consumers’ demand and rural forestry production” is one of the largest COST actions thus far under the domain on forests and forestry products. COST action E30 has 21 participating countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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13

Nieuwenhuis, M. "The growth potential of downy birch (Betula pubescens (Ehrh.)) in Ireland." Forestry 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/75.1.75.

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14

Dhubhain, A. N. "The initial development of a windthrow risk model for Sitka spruce in Ireland." Forestry 74, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/74.2.161.

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15

Savill, P. S., J. Fennessy, and C. J. A. Samuel. "Approaches in Great Britain and Ireland to the genetic improvement of broadleaved trees." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 78, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpi015.

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Byrne, Kenneth A., and Edward P. Farrell. "The effect of afforestation on soil carbon dioxide emissions in blanket peatland in Ireland." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 78, no. 3 (May 23, 2005): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpi020.

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17

MCKILLOP, D. G., and E. KULA. "The Importance of Lags in Determining the Parameters of a Planting Function for Forestry in Ireland." Forestry 60, no. 2 (1987): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/60.2.229.

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18

Farrelly, Niall. "The farm forest resource in Ireland: opportunities and challenges for rural development in Ireland." Small-scale Forestry 6, no. 1 (February 8, 2007): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11842-007-9002-6.

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19

O'reilly, C. "Seasonal changes in physioloical status, cold storage tolerance and field performance of hybrid larch seedlings in Ireland." Forestry 74, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/74.5.407.

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20

Belton, Samuel, Philippe Cubry, Erica Fox, and Colin T. Kelleher. "Novel Post-Glacial Haplotype Evolution in Birch—A Case for Conserving Local Adaptation." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091246.

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Despite constituting the western-most edge of the population distributions for several native European plants, Ireland has largely been left out of key Europe-wide phylogeographic studies. This is true for birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth), for which the genetic diversity has yet to be mapped for Ireland. Here we used eight cpDNA markers (two Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and six Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)) to map the genetic diversity of B. pubescens, B. pendula, and putative hybrid individuals sampled from 19 populations spread cross most of the island of Ireland. Within Ireland, 11 distinct haplotypes were detected, the most common of which (H1) was also detected in England, Scotland, France, and Norway. A moderate level of population structuring (GST = 0.282) was found across Ireland and the genetic diversity of its northern populations was twice that of its southern populations. This indicates that, unlike other native Irish trees, such as oak and alder, post-glacial recolonization by birch did not begin in the south (i.e., from Iberia). Rather, and in agreement with palynological data, birch most likely migrated in from eastern populations in Britain. Finally, we highlight Irish populations with comparatively unique genetic structure which may be included as part of European genetic conservation networks.

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Tobin, Brian, Giovanni Pastore, and Maarten Nieuwenhuis. "Carbon Losses from Decomposing Windrowed Sitka Spruce Woody Debris Over a 16-Year Chronosequence." Forests 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020244.

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Meeting the reporting requirements of the Kyoto Protocol has focused attention on the potential of forests in sustainably sequestering carbon (C) to mitigate the effects of rising levels of atmospheric CO2. Much uncertainty remains concerning the ultimate effect of management on such sequestration effects. The management of woody debris (WD) and other deadwood stocks is an example of a management intervention with the scope of affecting the source-sink dynamics of forest C. Windrowing is the most commonly employed approach to the management of post-harvest WD. This study investigated the quantities of windrowed deadwood C across a chronosequence of reforested commercial Sitka spruce stands in Ireland and how its decomposition rate affected its contribution to forest C sequestration. The C stocks in windrowed WD ranged from 25 to 8 t C ha−1 at the 4- and 16-year-old stands, respectively. Losses due to the decomposition of these stocks ranged from 5.15 t C ha−1 yr−1 at the youngest site (4 years old) to 0.68 t C ha−1 yr−1 at the oldest site (16 years old). Using a visual decay-class categorization of WD components and an assessment of wood density, decay rate constants were estimated for logs, branches, and stumps (the main WD constituents of windrows) as 0.037, 0.038, and 0.044, respectively. These results, derived from stand stock evaluations, were placed into context with data previously published from the same chronosequence that characterized the day-to-day fluxes to or from this pool. This comparison indicated that though only a very small quantity of C was lost in dissolved leachate form, the most significant pathway for loss was respiratory and ranged from 16 to 8 t C ha−1 yr−1 at the 9- and 16-year-old sites. These estimates were many times greater in extent than estimates made using a density-loss approach, the difference indicating that fragmentation and weathering play a large role in woody decomposition in intensively managed forests.

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Olajuyigbe, S., B. Tobin, and M. Nieuwenhuis. "Temperature and moisture effects on respiration rate of decomposing logs in a Sitka spruce plantation in Ireland." Forestry 85, no. 4 (May 21, 2012): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cps045.

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23

Cahalan, Christine. "A Guide to Forest Tree Species Selection and Silviculture in Ireland Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 78, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpi036.

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24

Howley, Peter, Mary Ryan, and Cathal O. Donoghue. "Forestry in Ireland: An examination of individuals’ preferences and attitudes towards the non-market benefits of forests." Irish Geography 44, no. 2-3 (July 2011): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00750778.2011.643392.

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25

James, Malcolm. "Tree Problems in Ireland." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 11, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1985.027.

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26

Gairdner, Gillian. "Incentives for Private Forestry: The Case of the Republic of Ireland." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 1 (1993): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900037218.

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Forest decline in the tropical zone of the world has provoked an enormous amount of concern but, so far, few if any panaceas. Leaving aside the pervasive impact of clearance for agriculture to focus for the time being exclusively on the role of timber extraction in the moist tropics, it appears that, in present circumstances at least, commercial logging is effectively incompatible with sustainable forest use. For this reason there is a developing interest in the potential which private-sector plantation forestry may have, in these areas, for significantly contributing to both local and export timber needs and so relieving pressure on the remaining area of natural forest. The peculiarly long-term character of investment in trees, and the capital-poor nature of the countries concerned mean, however, that financial incentives will almost certainly be necessary if plantations are to have real consequence.It is in this context that the recent history of the forest programme in Ireland, the country with the lowest overall proportion of forest cover and the highest percentage of state (as opposed to private) forestry in the EC, may be relevant. Forestry incentives introduced in 1980, and aimed at landowners in the agriculturally disadvantaged western region, were initially ineffective, despite the region's comparative advantages for timber-growing. However, major additions to the level and range of support in the second half of the 1980s, led to an exponential increase in grant-uptake.The very success of the above scheme in recent years has caused it to be critized for the loss of large areas of bogland which have considerable environmental value but low potential for timber production in any normal investment sense. In addition, plantations in all parts of the region are overwhelmingly coniferous. More generous, country-wide incentives for environmentally desirable broadleafed planting are too new for it to be known what effect they will have on the afforestation of the better land. It seems almost certain, however, that attempts to reconcile productive and environmental aims in private forestryprogrammes inevitably increase their complexity and cost: this has undesirable implications for the possible transfer of such schemes to developing countries in the tropics.

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Carroll, Matthew S., Catrin M. Edgeley, and Ciaran Nugent. "Traditional use of field burning in Ireland: history, culture and contemporary practice in the uplands." International Journal of Wildland Fire 30, no. 6 (2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf20127.

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Fire use is increasingly recognised as a central component of integrated land management in fire-prone places. Historically, fire use has been commonplace in many places in Ireland, where field burning is an established practice with a long pedigree among upland farmers seeking to improving forage among other benefits. This practice has been subject to controversy as wildfires – a hazard often associated with upland burning practice – continue to gain public attention and concern. This research seeks to understand the practice of field burning from the viewpoint of practitioners themselves through focus groups with upland burners conducted in a variety of locations across Ireland. Discussions focused on the history of field burning, reasons for its use, and how knowledge of the techniques involved in burning has been passed down through generations. The narrative that emerges is that of a critical livelihood-supporting practice steeped in social and ecological value but threatened by stringent regulation and shifting public opinion. We suggest that one way to preserve this practice may be to establish more formal linkages between fire use practitioners and Ireland’s fire services, public land managers and regulators to promote appropriate use of traditional fire within modern legal and best practice frameworks.

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Nieuwenhuis, M. "The effect of soil cultivation methods on rooting depth of young Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) trees on wet mineral soils in Ireland." Forestry 76, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.4.465.

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Tuffen, Melanie G., and Helen M. Grogan. "Current, emerging and potential pest threats to Sitka spruce plantations and the role of pest risk analysis in preventing new pest introductions to Ireland." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 92, no. 1 (October 25, 2018): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpy036.

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Coroi, Mihai, Micheline Sheehy Skeffington, Paul Giller, Colin Smith, Michael Gormally, and Grace O’Donovan. "Vegetation diversity and stand structure in streamside forests in the south of Ireland." Forest Ecology and Management 202, no. 1-3 (December 2004): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.034.

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Fléchard, Marie-Christine, Matthew S. Carroll, Patricia J. Cohn, and Áine Ní Dhubháin. "The changing relationships between forestry and the local community in rural northwestern IrelandAn earlier version of this paper was presented at the IUFRO 3.08 conference “Small-scale Forestry and Rural Development,” 18–23 June 2006, Galway, Ireland." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 10 (October 2007): 1999–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-060.

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Following centuries of deforestation, Ireland has undergone a substantial afforestation programme in the last 40 years. This paper presents the results of a case study undertaken to examine local response to afforestation. The study is set in Arigna, a region in northwestern Ireland that has traditionally depended on agriculture but has experienced relatively high rates of afforestation in recent decades. Relying on documentary evidence and in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with local stakeholders, the results suggest more local resistance to afforestation than one might expect in a country that has historically experienced such massive deforestation. Among the reasons uncovered for this resistance is the history of land tenure in rural Ireland, the institutional means by which afforestation has been conducted, the tree species used, and the aesthetic appearance of the forest stands once established. Underlying all of this is an apparently widespread local perception that forestry has benefited outsiders more than locals. Yet, the study also documents local perceptions that those responsible for afforestation have responded to concerns and that resistance to afforestation may be declining, as well as the reasons for this decline. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of local history and community involvement in developing socially acceptable forestry.

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O’Hanlon, Richard, and Thomas J. Harrington. "The macrofungal diversity and community of Atlantic oak (Quercus petraea and Q. robur) forests in Ireland." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 69, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2292.

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O'Callaghan, D. P. "Legal Protection for Trees in Britain and Ireland." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 17, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1991.068.

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34

Pohořalý, J., R. Klvač, T. Kent, M. Kleibl, E. Coates, and B. Horgan. "Impact of forest biomass for energy harvesting on soil compaction – Irish case study." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 12 (November 27, 2014): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/89/2014-jfs.

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An assessment of soil compaction caused by machinery used in stump and/or logging residue extraction for energy on soils typical of Ireland. We determined unaffected soil conditions and to find the compaction grade after timber harvesting and bundling activities, and to compare those results with stands where timber harvesting was followed by stump extraction for energy. The investigation was carried out in Ireland on three different locations which had a slightly different proportion of stones in their soils. Two of the soils were purely mineral soils, and the third was a mineral soil affected by anthropogenic activities. To ensure comparable results as much as possible, the moisture content of the soil on wet basis was investigated. Each location was purposely treated. Therefore, on each location plots were identified as follows: plots unaffected by operation (reference area), plots after timber harvesting, plots after timber harvesting and bundling operation, and plots after timber harvesting and stump extraction operation. According to the experimental design 40 repetitions on each of the three different treatments were set. The results showed that the compaction of soil occurred on plots after timber harvesting, but there was not a significant difference between compaction grades with and without logging residue bundling operation. However, once the site was extracted of stumps, the soil became too loose and no significant difference was found compared to unaffected soil.  

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Liu, Yan, Andrew McCullagh, and Maarten Nieuwenhuis. "What factors affect national-scale deer population dynamics in the Republic of Ireland?" Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 6 (March 1, 2018): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2018.1441902.

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36

Ní Dhubháin, Áine, Marie-Christine Fléchard, Richard Moloney, and Deirdre O’Connor. "Stakeholders’ perceptions of forestry in rural areas—Two case studies in Ireland." Land Use Policy 26, no. 3 (July 2009): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.09.003.

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Olajuyigbe, Samuel O., Brian Tobin, Paul Gardiner, and Maarten Nieuwenhuis. "Stocks and decay dynamics of above- and belowground coarse woody debris in managed Sitka spruce forests in Ireland." Forest Ecology and Management 262, no. 6 (September 2011): 1109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.010.

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da Costa, Tamíris Pacheco, Fionnuala Murphy, Rocio Roldan, Maneesh Kumar Mediboyina, Wenhao Chen, Joseph Sweeney, Sergio Capareda, and Nicholas M. Holden. "Technical and environmental assessment of forestry residues valorisation via fast pyrolysis in Ireland." Biomass and Bioenergy 173 (June 2023): 106766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.106766.

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Dawson, W. M., and A. R. McCracken. "Effect of Melampsora rust on the growth and development of Salix burjatica'Korso'in Northern Ireland." Forest Pathology 24, no. 1 (March 1994): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1994.tb01320.x.

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40

Sage, R. B., and K. Tucker. "The distribution of Phratora vulgatissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on cultivated willows in Britain and Ireland." Forest Pathology 28, no. 4 (August 1998): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1998.tb01184.x.

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O’Donnell, Anthony, Mark Cummins, and Kenneth A. Byrne. "Forestry in the Republic of Ireland: Government policy, grant incentives and carbon sequestration value." Land Use Policy 35 (November 2013): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.04.014.

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Tobin, Brian, and Maarten Nieuwenhuis. "Biomass expansion factors for Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) in Ireland." European Journal of Forest Research 126, no. 2 (April 2007): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-005-0105-3.

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Schmal, J. L., D. F. Jacobs, and C. O’Reilly. "Nitrogen budgeting and quality of exponentially fertilized Quercus robur seedlings in Ireland." European Journal of Forest Research 130, no. 4 (November 18, 2010): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-010-0443-7.

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Shafizadeh, S., and J. A. Kavanagh. "Pathogenicity of Phytophthora species and Pythium undulatum isolated from Abies procera Christmas trees in Ireland." Forest Pathology 35, no. 6 (December 2005): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2005.00430.x.

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Ruas, Sara, John A. Finn, James Moran, Sorcha Cahill, Marie Doyle, Julien Carlier, and Daire Ó. hUallacháin. "Development and preliminary application of a Nature Value index to identify High Nature Value forests in the Republic of Ireland." Forest Ecology and Management 545 (October 2023): 121266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121266.

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Tiernan, Dermot, and Maarten Nieuwenhuis. "Financial optimisation of forest-level harvest scheduling in Ireland – A case study." Journal of Forest Economics 11, no. 1 (June 2005): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2005.02.001.

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Clancy, Michael A., Sally Starbuck, Jean O’Dwyer, and Kenneth A. Byrne. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Three-Storey Terrace of Three Timber-Framed Residential Workplace Units." Forests 14, no. 3 (March 17, 2023): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14030599.

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There is an urgent need to evaluate the environmental impacts of both traditional and more recent innovations in sustainable building materials. This study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a single three-storey (aboveground) terrace in Ireland composed of three timber-framed residential workplace units. The supply of raw materials, their transport to the manufacturing site, and the manufacturing processes for the materials used in the building account for 58% of the GWP during the production stage. The horizontal elements of the An Corrán building and roof account for the largest contribution (29.3%) to the GWP environmental impact. The LCA results show that the building’s 469 m2 gross internal floor area (GIFA) produced life cycle carbon emissions of 220 t CO2e and has an embodied carbon value of 398 kg CO2e m−2 and 6.63 kg CO2e m−2 a−1 for the building’s 60-year estimated cradle-to-grave life cycle. When compared to conventional (i.e., masonry) and timber-framed buildings in Europe, the An Corrán building shows that substantial GWP savings occurred during the Use Stage with a GWP footprint of 50.5 kg CO2e m2 compared to 375.65 and 386.6 kg CO2e m2 for previously reported masonry and timber-framed houses, respectively.

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Breathnach, Proinnsias. "The human geography of Ireland." Applied Geography 15, no. 1 (January 1995): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(95)90049-7.

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Gil-Moreno, David, Dan Ridley-Ellis, and Annette M. Harte. "Timber grading potential of Douglas fir in the Republic of Ireland and the UK." International Wood Products Journal 10, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2019.1617984.

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DAVIS, ROBERT A., GUY DUTSON, and JUDIT K. SZABO. "Conservation status of threatened and endemic birds of New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000156.

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SummaryNew Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea supports 14 endemic bird species and together with New Ireland, forms an Endemic Bird Area that supports 38 restricted range species. Extensive conversion of lowland forest to oil palm plantations resulted in the loss of over 20% of forest under 100 m altitude between 1989 and 2000. However the rate of loss has subsequently slowed (2.2% loss across all altitudes between 2002 and 2014), and much forest remains at higher altitudes: 72% of New Britain remained forested (including secondary forest) in 2014. Despite the ongoing high threat and rich endemic bird fauna, the state of knowledge of the conservation status of birds in New Britain is very poor. We use an unprecedented dataset based on 415 hours of bird surveys conducted in oil palm plantations, as well as primary and secondary forests at all altitudes, to revise the IUCN status of New Britain’s birds. These data indicate that six species of elevated conservation concern are less dependent on old-growth forest than previously assessed. We recommend reduced population size estimates for one species, New Britain Kingfisher Todiramphus albonotatus. We recommend increased population size estimates for seven species: Pied Cuckoo-dove Reinwardtoena browni, Yellowish Imperial Pigeon Ducula subflavescens, Green-fronted Hanging Parrot Loriculus tener, Blue-eyed Cockatoo Cacatua opthalmica, Violaceous Coucal Centropus violaceous, New Britain Boobook Ninox odiosa and New Britain Thrush Zoothera talaseae. Despite our comprehensive surveys, Slaty-backed Goshawk Accipiter luteoschistaceus, New Britain Sparrowhawk Accipiter brachyurus, New Britain Bronzewing Henicophaps foersteri and Golden Masked-owl Tyto aurantia remain very rarely recorded and require further assessment. With ongoing habitat loss, particularly in lowland areas, New Britain’s birds urgently require more attention.

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