Journal articles on the topic 'Forests and forestry Government policy'
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1
Duinker, P. N., P. W. Matakala, and D. Zhang. "Community forestry and its implications for Northern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67131-2.
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Community forestry is becoming an increasingly important policy issue for provincial governments in Canada. Many single-industry communities in the northern parts of the provinces, surrounded as they are by forests, are looking to forest resources for possible economic diversification and stability. At the same time as there is increasing interest, there is little understanding about what community forestry could and should be for communities surrounded by Crown land forests. This paper looks at some definitions and dimensions of community forestry, as well as reviewing briefly some experiences with it. We examine various ways in which community forestry might be different from provincial government forestry and industrial forestry, and reflect on whether community forestry could lead to improvements in forest management. We conclude with some thoughts on potential future directions for community forestry in Ontario. Key words: community forestry. Crown land forests, single-industry communities, land tenure, local involvement, economic stability, Northern Ontario
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Wright, Glenn D., Krister P. Andersson, Clark C. Gibson, and Tom P. Evans. "Decentralization can help reduce deforestation when user groups engage with local government." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 52 (December 12, 2016): 14958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610650114.
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Policy makers around the world tout decentralization as an effective tool in the governance of natural resources. Despite the popularity of these reforms, there is limited scientific evidence on the environmental effects of decentralization, especially in tropical biomes. This study presents evidence on the institutional conditions under which decentralization is likely to be successful in sustaining forests. We draw on common-pool resource theory to argue that the environmental impact of decentralization hinges on the ability of reforms to engage local forest users in the governance of forests. Using matching techniques, we analyze longitudinal field observations on both social and biophysical characteristics in a large number of local government territories in Bolivia (a country with a decentralized forestry policy) and Peru (a country with a much more centralized forestry policy). We find that territories with a decentralized forest governance structure have more stable forest cover, but only when local forest user groups actively engage with the local government officials. We provide evidence in support of a possible causal process behind these results: When user groups engage with the decentralized units, it creates a more enabling environment for effective local governance of forests, including more local government-led forest governance activities, fora for the resolution of forest-related conflicts, intermunicipal cooperation in the forestry sector, and stronger technical capabilities of the local government staff.
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Klyza, Christopher McGrory. "Ideas, Institutions, and Policy Patterns: Hardrock Mining, Forestry, and Grazing Policy on United States Public Lands, 1870–1985." Studies in American Political Development 8, no. 2 (1994): 341–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00001279.
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From the mid–1800s through the mid–1980s, the federal government initiated programs to manage three types of resources on the lands that it controlled. The discovery of gold in California and elsewhere in the West prompted the first government policy in the 1860s. Debate over the nation's forests began in the 1870s, and a system of national forests to be managed by a federal Forest Service was created in the late 1800s and early 1900s. And in the 1930s, the government finally began to manage the lands no one wanted, its grazing lands. The federal government continues to be an active manager of national resources. Indeed, with control of nearly 30 percent of the nation's land, it is the largest land manager in the country.
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Hickey, Gordon M. "Polarized debate surrounding Tasmania’s old-growth forests." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85762-5.
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The debate surrounding Tasmania’s old-growth forests in 2004 represents a good example of a situation where, despite both sides of a highly polarized policy field drawing on science to support their world view (to varying degrees), little common ground was found to enable robust and shared discussions that were required to resolve the conflict and collectively define a sustainable future for Tasmania’s old-growth forests. This paper reviews the scientific and policy-related literature on old-growth eucalypt forests and outlines recent developments in old-growth forest policy in Tasmania. It describes the highly polarized public policy debate surrounding Tasmania’s old-growth forests in the lead up to the 2004 Federal election, and considers the challenges posed by polarized democratic debate when developing public policy. It then considers the different dimensions of forest-related scientific knowledge and discusses the role of science in informing and resolving the polarized old growth debate in Tasmania. Key words: Sustainable forest management, strategy, politics, research, government, Australia
5
Fanta, Josef, and Petr Petřík. "Forests and Climate Change in Czechia: an Appeal to Responsibility." Journal of Landscape Ecology 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2018-0009.
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Abstract Forests cover more than one third of the area of Czechia and provide many environmental, economic, social and cultural benefits. Only a small part of the country´s forested area is left to nature. Most Czech forests are managed, with Norway spruce as the main tree species. The ongoing climate change progressively creates new conditions for the functioning of forests as important components of the landscape and providers of ecosystem services for society. Until recently, Czech forestry policy makers had not paid enough attention to climate change. As a result, Czech forests grapple with increasing instability caused by repeated windstorms, droughts and insect plagues. Traditionally applied management methods and rigid business models are not suitable for resolving the situation. Czech forestry thus takes an exceptional position within Europe. The responsibility for the development of the adaptation strategy and sustainable management policy lies in the hands of forestry policy makers. In order to restore stability and to ensure multifunctionality of forests under new climatic conditions, it will be necessary to introduce a new model of forest management. Compared to the traditional forestry model based on age classes, the new management model must be more flexible and better adapted to the new environmental situation. The principles of the new forestry policy should stem from agreement and cooperation of the forestry sector with scientific and nature protection institutions, as well as from an active discussion within society. The starting point of the change are the documents Strategy of Adaptation to Climate Change under the Conditions of the Czech Republic and National Action Plan, elaborated in 2016 and 2017 by the Ministry of the Environment, and the Strategic Framework Czech Republic, approved by the Czech government. The chosen adaptation strategy and its implementation must not only restore the stability of forests, but also improve the future position of the Czech forestry sector among European countries.
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Tyapkin, Mikhail. "«Order to the forest ranger and forester at the state forests», 1869: historical and legal analysis." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2022, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2022-1-49-55.
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The article provides a historical and legal analysis of the «Order to the forest ranger and forester at the state forests» issued in 1869 (hereafter – Order). This form of regulation was used in the second half of the 19th - beggining of 20th century by various government institutions and even private persons to determine the competence of their employees. The Order in the period in question can be considered the key written policy for the forest guards serving in the state forests. It was adopted in 1869 after a largescale reform of the organizational and functionary system of the state Forest Guard. The Order specified the official status of foresters and rangers, their duties in the field of forest management and forest protection. The Order was a laconic, relatively short document, easy to comprehend and memorize. Foresters and rangers were required to carry around a printed copy of the pocket-size Order. The employees of the Forest Guard were required to know the provisions of the Order and strictly follow the instructions contained in it. In some cases, due to the specifics of forestry in certain regions of the Russian Empire, the text of the Order could be adjusted.
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Sulistiowati, R., S. Wahyuni, M. K. Yunanto, M. Elsera, W. E. Yudiatmaja, and T. Samnuzulsari. "Community forestry for environmental sustainability and ecotourism: the context and problems in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1041, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012037.
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Abstract Social forestry is one of the programs delivered by the Indonesian government to distribute forest ownership to society. The program consisted of village forest, customary forest, community forest, a people forest plantation, and partnership for forestry. This study merely focused on the community forest in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the context and problems during the implementation process of permit delivery for community forests in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative method was used in this research to understand the case of community forests in the study site. Data were collected using an interview, non-participant observation, and secondary document. We find that many groups of farmers have not received the permit for forestry management because of regulatory constraints. The problems are induced by many policies in the forestry sector regulating various forms of forest management permits contradicting the principle of the decentralized forest management policy. We recommend to the government to simplify the process of forest permit management, especially for the community forest.
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Maher, Sasha, and Adam Forbes. "Responsible Forest-centred Climate Policy." Policy Quarterly 18, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v18i2.7574.
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The 2021 Glasgow Climate Pact and latest IPCC reports unequivocally recognise that urgent, concerted action is needed to address theinterconnected crises of climate change and biodiversity. These twin emergencies are now viewed as one and forests are at the centre of this emergent but dominant discourse. Aotearoa New Zealand faces the challenge of addressing this call to action and is well resourced to responsibly answer. There are multiple forestry models available to the government to select from, but often the difficulty lies in discerning the differences between models. Here we tackle this issue by assessing the spectrum of forestry models and evaluating the biodiversity and carbon sequestration outcomes of each. We then suggest that models which incorporate native species are best placed to solve the twin crises and, as such, government should prioritise native forests in its climate policy framework.
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Ashton, Wm (Bill), and Bill Anderson. "New Brunswick's "Jaakko Pöyry" report: perceptions of senior forestry officials about its influence on forest policy." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81081-1.
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Pending limited fibre supplies in New Brunswick are of concern to the forest industry, provincial government departments, and special interest groups, alike. All three of these stakeholders employ foresters, and all three are or should be involved in setting public policy regarding New Brunswick's forests. This paper uses a multifaceted framework to assess the role of foresters in the current policy debate regarding softwood fibre supplies that has resulted from New Brunswick's "Jaakko Pöyry" report. The conclusions from this study are that i) both forest policy and the policymaking process in New Brunswick have largely been determined by industry- and government-commissioned reports; ii) the policy-making process remains undefined; and iii) all the stakeholders see a need to improve communications. Key words: forest policy; Jaakko Pöyry report; New Brunswick; perceptions; public policy making.
10
Stojanovski, Vladimir. "Policy Processes in the Institutionalisation of Private Forestry in the Republic of North Macedonia." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074018.
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As a result of recent political changes in North Macedonia, economic practice in the country has moved away from the communist model that was dominated by state ownership. As a part of this movement, the National Association of Private Forest Owners was founded to support the sustainable management of private forests and as an instrument to help overcome the new challenges faced by this new interest group and government policy in local forestry. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to understand the enabling and constraining aspects of North Macedonian forest policy on the institutionalisation of private forestry. The findings show that some socialist structures and practices related to forest management activities on private forest land still exist. The attempts to strengthen private forestry by introducing more modern forms of institutionalisation can be seen in the country’s Law on Forests amendment from 2011 initiating the denationalisation of forest management activities on private forest land and introducing private licenced bodies for such. With further amendments in 2014, the policy largely returned to how it was when the country was a part of Yugoslavia, influencing the progress of the institutionalisation of private forestry to remain symbolic. Integrating solutions to private forestry problems and concerns into the broader forest policy domain requires a deep understanding of private forestry rational principles and a strong political will to do so. Effective national forest policy coordination is one of the solutions.
11
Sunarto, Sunarto, Maya Shafira, and Mashuril Anwar. "Implications of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation towards the Indonesian Forestry Sector." Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 15, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v15no3.2302.
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The research aims to analyze the positive and negative implications of the omnibus law on job creation on the development of the forestry sector. In writing, this article is normative juridical. Based on this method, this research is conducted by examining and analyzing theories, doctrines, and laws and regulations that are relevant to the issues discussed. Based on research results, the main points of amendments to regulations in the forestry sector include affirmation of forest areas, forest areas, changes in forest area designation and function, utilization of production forests and protected forests, business permits, non-tax state revenues in the forestry sector, utilization of forest areas outside forestry activities, the authority of the central and regional governments in forest protection, prohibiting activities that cause forest destruction, and imposing sanctions and procedural law on criminal acts of forest destruction. These changes have implications for forest protection in Indonesia, including increasing forest area conversion, limiting community participation in forest management plans, and weakening sanctions (eliminating absolute responsibility). Therefore, in policy formulation, it is necessary to pay attention to forest protection to harmonize human and environmental interests. Based on the results of the research, it is therefore recommended that the government be firm and concrete in regulating forest protection efforts in future implementing regulations.
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Fayiah, M. "Uncertainties and trends in the forest policy framework in Sierra Leone: an overview of forest sustainability challenges in the post-independence era." International Forestry Review 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821832952744.
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Sierr a Leone is part of the Upper Guinean Forests with a climate that enhances great floral biodiversity. The exploitation of forest resources in Sierra Leone has seen a steady increase over the years while the establishment of forest plantations has witnessed a drastic decline. The relationship between forest exploitation and plantation forest decline is broadly assumed to be influenced by population growth, weak forest policies, legislatures, forest management and monitoring policies over the past century. The paper examines forests status and forest resources policy evolution since the pre-colonial era but pays particular attention to policies developed from 1988, in the post-colonial era, and the challenges facing their implementation. The paper highlights major challenges facing the healthy and sustainable growth of forest resources in Sierra Leone. The challenges range from the attachment of the Forestry Division to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS), the overlap in ministerial mandates about forest protection, corrupt government officials, poverty, illegal logging, inadequate funding and staff, natural disaster and outdated forestry instruments. Natural factors such as climate change, drought, and landslides are considered among the issues affecting the sustainable expansion of forest resources in Sierra Leone. A flowchart of forest sustainability challenges in Sierra Leone was designed, and classified forest challenges into natural and man-made causes. The inability of the Forestry Division to become an independent body and the continued reliance of the Division on the 1988 Forestry Act to make informed decisions in the 21st century is serving as a major barrier in sustaining forests resources in Sierra Leone. Improving forest management in the country requires the collective efforts of both national and international forests protections entities and organizations. Sound forests conservation policies and adequate funding and staffing can strengthen the Forestry Division in enforcing its constitutional mandates. Adopting the best practices models from countries such as China, India and the USA will help towards the goal of managing forest resources sustainably for current and future generations.
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Oliver, Chadwick D. "The future of the forest management industry: Highly mechanized plantations and reserves or a knowledge-intensive integrated approach?" Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75229-2.
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Intensive forest management has commonly become associated with forest plantations that have high initial investment costs in stand establishment. These intensive plantations will probably not produce high quality wood because they will be physically and economically unstable if grown to long rotations, and so will probably need to be harvested when quite young. An alternative to intensive plantations is integrated management, where more understanding of many ways to grow forests is substituted for the high initial costs of uniform, mechanized treatments used in plantations.This paper is intended to generate a discussion of the economic, social, and environmental desirability of these, and alternative, management approaches.Forest policy is presently moving in several directions, with some policies encouraging intensive plantations and other policies encouraging integrated management. All policy directions require government intervention to some degree to deal with the apparent surplus of low quality wood. Either governments will prohibit harvest of most of the world's forests and promote intensive plantations on the remaining area, or they will actively promote integrated management through various incentives and/or restrictions. Unless a consistent policy emerges, there will continue to be confusion in forest management that could last for decades. This confusion will be to the economic, social, and environmental detriment of most of the public and most forest landowners. Key words: intensive forest management, plantations, integrated management, forest policy
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Khasa, P. D., J. Bousquet, G. Vallée, and J. Bélanger. "Utilization and management of forest resources in Zaire." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71479-4.
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Tropical forest biomes are characterized by a high biodiversity. However, this biological complexity is diminishing rapidly. The causes for the decline and deterioration of tropical forests in Zaire were analysed. The main factors causing loss of biodiversity are shifting agriculture, fuelwood consumption, and fires in open forests and savannas. Measures for maintenance of forest biodiversity are proposed. These include in situ and ex situ conservation, suitable agricultural and silvicultural management systems, based on knowledge of genetic structure, genecology, reproductive biology of tropical plant populations, and biotic and edaphoclimatic factors. The active participation and support of the Zairean people as a whole, and policy and institutional reform are essential for a more effective utilization, management, and protection of the forests, so that socio-economic and environmental benefits are provided for present and future generations. Sustainable forestry development requires also a greater collaboration between government agencies and local communities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Key words: Biodiversity, deforestation, national tropical forestry action plan, sustainable development, tropical forests, Zaire
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Dang, Thi Kim Phung. "The Discourse of Forest Cover in Vietnam and Its Policy Implications." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 10976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710976.
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As the world’s largest ecosystem, forests affect the location, layout, and functionality of human populations worldwide. Despite environmental efforts, forests are being taken down. As socioeconomic issues promote deforestation, sustainable development is a worldwide answer. However, there is still a shortage of information about the manifestation and interconnection of sustainability aspects in a country’s forestry and their impact on policy making in developing nations. To address this knowledge gap, this study analyzes the preeminent discourse of forest cover in Vietnam forestry and determines how well it incorporates the three pillars of sustainable development. The various pieces of pertinent material (forestry regulations, reports, articles, statements by government officials and National Assembly representatives in the media, etc.) were analyzed using discourse analysis and thematic analysis. Overall, the findings show that the discourse has evolved through four themes: intercropped supporting trees, multi-purposed trees, replacing afforestation and change from forest cover to tree cover. These themes all exclude ecosystems that must exist beneath forest cover, which is frequently disrupted by the clear cut of fast-growing trees and industrial crops. The institutionalization of the discourse is facilitating legal deforestation by converting natural forest into other land uses, in particular infrastructure with replacing afforestation. The economic coalition, which strategically includes livelihood and social development in their storylines to legitimize forest conversion to other land uses, is winning the discursive struggle for hegemony. The paper concludes with some recommendations to improve Vietnam’s forestry policy, making for long-term sustainable development.
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S.IP., MA, Sobri. "Konflik Agraria Antara Masyarakat Dengan Perusahaan Pemegang HPHTI di Kabupaten Pelalawan." SISI LAIN REALITA 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2017.vol2(1).1390.
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Agrarian conflict between the people living in the villages of the pelalawan district is due to the change of government policy related to the pattern of management of natural resources such as forest, land and river, from "subsistence" pattern to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry sector becoming the root of agrarian conflict in Riau province . The change of development policy from the pattern of Subsistence to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry and plantation sectors created by the government led to changes in the control of natural resources such as land, rivers and forests from the "Subsistence" pattern based on ulayat concept, to become widespread land tenure (monopoly) by the owners of capital (the corporations).
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Chen, Jianling, Weiming Lin, Yaoqi Zhang, Yongwu Dai, and Bixia Chen. "Village Fengshui Forests as Forms of Cultural and Ecological Heritage: Interpretations and Conservation Policy Implications from Southern China." Forests 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121286.
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Using field survey data gathered from seven villages in Youxi County in southern China and a list of famous and ancient trees and groves, this study explored the cultural roots and ecological interpretations of village fengshui forests. The results show as follows: the species of fengshui trees selected by Chinese rural villagers bear a symbolic meaning, including health, longevity, flourishing population, fortune, and wealth. Fengshui belief, clan system, village rules and regulations, fengshui worship tradition, and customs have all played important roles in villagers’ planting and conservation of fengshui forests. It is suggested that the government should recognize the cultural and ecological value of fengshui forests and integrate the local rules and village regulations into the current policy frameworks to improve fengshui (culturally preserved) forests management with favourable polices such as subsidies and conservation strategy. China’s fengshui forests suggest the cultural importance of ecosystem services from forests, and the role of culture in forest conservation.
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Loskutova, M. V., and A. A. Fedotova. "The governmental policy on forest beekeeping in the Russian Empire in the 18th—19th centuries." Известия Русского географического общества 151, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-6071151278-95.
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Based on published and archival sources, the paper considers the transformations in Russian legislation and administrative policies on forest beekeeping (harvesting honey from owned or tended nests in forests) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It demonstrates how in the course of the eighteenth century, the ownership of bee nests started violating the concept of absolute private property over forests, which was increasingly incompatible with the rights of other individuals to exploit natural resources on the same territory. From the early decades of the 19th century, borders were gradually demarcated between forested areas belonging to the state and private owners, and between the state forests and those designated for the use of state peasants. This process made possible to exercise the concept of absolute private property over forests in practice. These changes in legislation and the forest cadastre were closely linked to the making of ‘forestry science’ that developed in the late 18th century under the influence of a growing demand for timber needed for the navies and merchant fleets of all European states. The precepts of ‘forestry science’ were dictated by its objective to maximise profits by focusing on the production of commercially valuable sorts of timber. By the early 19th century, this logic prompted the forest administration of the Russian empire to start contemplating measures that would obstruct any alternative forms of forest exploitation, such as harvesting honey from tended trees. The paper considers in details the tightening of administrative regulations in this area, as imposed by the Ministry of State Domains that reached its peak in the Great Reforms era, and analyses the mechanisms that translated these general causes at work into specific policies.
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Kalogiannidis, Stavros, Dimitrios Kalfas, Efstratios Loizou, and Fotios Chatzitheodoridis. "Forestry Bioeconomy Contribution on Socioeconomic Development: Evidence from Greece." Land 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2022): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122139.
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Forests are of utmost importance for sustainability because of their ongoing contributions to biodiversity protection, fertility management in agricultural areas, and the well-being of people. However, few studies have focused on the extent to which the bioeconomy of forests impacts a country’s social and economic development. This study aimed to examine the bioeconomy contribution of forestry to social and economic development using Greece as a case study. Data was collected from 312 professionals in the forestry and finance sectors of Greece using a survey questionnaire. Forests are associated with direct and indirect contributions that impact human livelihood and contribute toward a country’s economic development. However, the role of forestry in development is affected by policy-related and human-made challenges. The difficulties are primarily caused by shifts in how economic activity is distributed from the agricultural to the industrial to the service sectors, different government policies intended to increase forest cover, and in other instances, as a result of the role of global capital and trade. The forestry contributions to global commerce, national economies, employment, and family incomes remain consistent throughout all these patterns of loss, stabilization, and recovery. It was established that the bioeconomy can increase the benefits of forests by further exploiting forest wealth (biomass, resins) with the direct and indirect benefits for forest-related societies and local economies. In addition, the management and exploitation of forests by adopting bioeconomy practices, allows the attainment of important skills, knowledge, and new fields of entrepreneurship.
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Basnyat, Bijendra. "Pitfalls of Scientific Forestry Practices in the Community Forestry of Nepal." Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal 18, no. 01 (December 31, 2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/forestry.v18i01.41749.
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The government of Nepal abolished scientific forest management in 2021, however, the underlying reason remained unexplored. Hence, this study explores reasons that pushed on abolishment of this practice in the community forestry. The study followed the qualitative methods and reviewed the policy documents, published and unpublished literature followed by semi-structured interviews with forest officials and community forestry leaders. Though scientific forest management was promoted to maximize timber production and employment generation, stakeholders often raised concern over the exploitation of forests, including the appropriateness of the proposed silviculture system along with the governance issues related to it. On the contrary, forest bureaucracy promoted this as an “one size fit approach” irrespective of management objectives while poorly integrating locality factors, and research-generated knowledge. Apparently, scientific forest management is highly contested on technical and managerial grounds, while it is utterly uneconomical to forest user groups. Diverse views, interests and disbelief of the stakeholders, along with inadequate scientific evidence is primary reasons for a failure. Hence, the study argues for promoting “research in use approach” in strengthening forest management practices with the wider engagement of the stakeholders from knowledge generation, use, and dissemination in the community forestry.
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Strobl, Silvia. "Towards a list of science priorities for the conservation and management of southern Ontario Forests — Results of a workshop." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 838–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74838-6.
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To define science priorities for the conservation and management of southern Ontario's remaining forest, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources invited resource managers, planners and scientists working with numerous government and non-government agencies to a workshop on March 24 and 25, 1998. Participants identified their three top resource concerns for this region's forests. Some of these included: (1) protection of remnant natural areas, (2) declines in forest cover and woodlot quality, and (3) ineffective information transfer to private woodlot owners. Recommendations, including those which require science input, are discussed under three goals: protect existing forest cover, increase forest cover, and improve our understanding of human impacts of forest ecosystems. Key words: conservation, management, restoration, forest cover, resource concerns, science needs, private woodlots, information transfer, policy
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Wald- und, Arbeitsgruppe, and Holzwirtschaft im Klimaschutz. "Anrechnung der CO2-Senken des Schweizer Waldes: Grundlagenpapier und Empfehlungen | Accounting of CO2 sinks in Swiss forests. Working paper and recommendations." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0438.
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With the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gases, Switzerland is committed to reducing CO2emissions by 4.2 million tonnes by 2008. The forests in Switzerland could contribute to the country's national carbon balance with maximum 1.8 million tonnes reduction of CO2. With an increased use of the forest the emissions could be reduced by up to 2 million tonnes by the substitution of other materials. With a targeted forest management policy carbon sink reduction and the substitution value of the forest could be balanced against one another. In the framework of climate policy the Federal government should create the legal and organisational conditions for this.
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Kreye, Rimsaite, and Adams. "Public Attitudes about Private Forest Management and Government Involvement in the Southeastern United States." Forests 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090776.
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In the southern United States the country’s top wood-producing region, factors such as intergenerational land transfer and population spillover from urban areas have resulted in forestland conversion and reduced production of critical ecosystem services associated with forest systems (e.g., timber, clean water supply, wildlife habitat). Public attitudes, which drive forestland policy prescriptions, may also be evolving due to the way people experience and perceive forests (e.g., recreation), and think about the role of government in private forest decisions. These changes have significant implications for forestland management and the forest-based economy, both locally and globally. We present the results of a regional survey (n = 1669) of residents in Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina, which assessed attitudes toward timber harvesting and government involvement on private lands. We found significant public support for timber harvesting with a somewhat stronger focus on ecosystem maintenance compared to timber production, and strong support for policies that empower landowners (e.g., assistance programs) over regulatory strategies. We conclude that existing government policies and programs are failing to help landowners meet public demand for ecosystem service provision on private forest lands in the southeastern US. Public attitudes appear conducive to innovative policy strategies such as market-based solutions and nudges. Perceptions of forest health will likely be the metric the public and landowners will use in assessing the value of policy alternatives, in addition to economic impact. Public ignorance and indifference towards forest management also appear to be growing.
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Fraser, Sarah Jane. "Filling a public policy gap in Canada: forest certification." Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83666-5.
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With the opening of a policy space between the public's demand for forest regulation and the ability or willingness of governments to fill that demand, forest certification programs have emerged to fill the gap. The Government of Canada supports certification as an assertion of sustainable forest management that can be communicated to buyers of Canadian forest products. The federal government has played several distinct roles during the development and establishment of forest certification in Canada, as expert, landowner, policy-setter, strategic partner and buyer. Key words: forest certification, Canada, trade, procurement, government
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Chae, Jin-Hae, Seong-Hak Kim, and Byung-Hoon Kang. "Analysis of Importance and Performance of Mountain Village Revitalization Policy for Balanced Regional Development: Focused on Forestry and Agriculture Policy in 8 Regional Governments." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.2.213.
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Background and objective: Due to the recent demographic crisis driving the extinction of certain local communities, it is necessary to promote core projects to revitalize mountain village and rural areas.Methods: This study collected a total of 443 policy projects based on major policies and major business plans in the forestry and agricultural sectors of the eight regional governments in 2021. The collected 443 policy projects related to revitalizing the mountain villages were classified by 3 experts into 5 domains in the forestry sector, which further broke down into 27 types, 3 domains in the agricultural sector, and which further broke down into 23 types, for a total of 8 domains and 50 types, and an online survey of 42 policy stakeholders was then conducted. Analysis methods were t-test and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), and implications were derived through comparison between forestry and agricultural sectors.Results: The analysis produced several findings. first, it was positive that many projects in the sustainability field appeared in both forestry and agricultural sectors, but it was found that the policy projects needed to be reviewed due to the lack of types corresponding to projects in the intensive promotion area. Intensive core efforts included "discovering forest cultural assets" and "creating forests to improve the environment." Second, it is necessary to pay attention to the forestry policy sector, as the forestry policy sector were generally lower in importance and performance than the agricultural policy sector. Third, the domains with high importance and performance to mountain village revitalization were "forest welfare services", "improving settlement environment", and "increasing incomes" while the domains with low importance and performance were mountain villages and forest culture areas.Conclusion: In summary, to revitalize mountain villages in response to the issue of the pending extinction of local communities, forest welfare service projects should continuously be promoted and strategic responses are required for "discovering forest cultural assets" and "creating forests for environmental improvement," which are suggested as key strategic project types.
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Aurenhammer, Peter K. "Nudging in the Forests—the Role and Effectiveness of NEPIs in Government Forest Initiatives of Bavaria." Forests 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020168.
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This paper analyzes the use of new environmental policy instruments (NEPIs) and instrument mixes in government forest initiatives (GFIs), in Bavaria. It traces research questions on the repertoire of instruments applied and if an application of NEPIs leads to improving program effectiveness and legitimacy. In accordance with recent literature it assumes that GFIs, being developed and implemented for a long time in Bavaria, will make use of an instrument mix, including modern policy instruments; and that the use of such a mix of instruments would lead to improved effectiveness and legitimacy. The empirical paper aims to test these currently dominant theoretical thoughts and to contribute to further theoretical discussion with new empirical data, but it does not suggest a new theory. The primary data-basis for the analysis is qualitative interviews with 175 people from 16 GFIs, the selection of interviewees being based on social network analysis. The analysis uses an instrument typology as an analytical reference point and reveals that GFIs used a broad variety of instruments, both, traditional and new ones, to support and facilitate a range of activities in priority areas of forest landscapes, as expected. Some traditional instruments were modified for the use in GFIs only, other instruments were newly created for the purpose of GFIs, e.g., voluntary agreements between government forest administrations (AELFs) and private forest owners (PFOs). This supports assumptions from the theory that the most common forms of instrument integration would be layering and fusion. The paper also analyzes if the use of a mix of instruments by GFIs led to improving effectiveness and legitimacy, thereby contributing to a relevant question in the literature, because developing more complex policy instruments (NEPIs), is considered to help to avoid many problems of more traditional instruments in environmental governance. The analysis uses a set of theoretical elements, attributed to the use of NEPIs or modern instrument mixes, and compares these with actual empirical observations, to answer the question, if modern instrument approaches can lead to an improved program effectiveness and legitimacy. The paper concludes that the application of a modern mix of instruments did lead to an increase of short-term effectiveness, especially in road construction or improvement, but not to a noteworthy increase of long-term effectiveness, especially regarding forest conversion to increase forests’ climate resiliency, despite the application of nudging ‘in the forests’. Instead, nudging in the forests can result in increased conflicts and non-action, in some cases. Hence, the empirical evidence presented in this paper, does not (fully) support the assumption that a modern instrument mix would lead to improvements in effectiveness and legitimacy. It remains to be seen, if, in the longer-term, the improved road access would actually lead to more climate resilient forests; or what role natural hazards will play in this regard. Maybe, a more flexible design of the voluntary agreements and of eligibility criteria of funding schemes, could increase the share of forest owners, willing to participate and could enable processes of civic-knowledge integration and the development of more innovative, alterative-based, local solutions. Considering the strong, recent public engagement in climate change topics, this could be an opportunity to better integrate civil society to GFIs or to new forms of initiatives. A better integration of owners and society could also improve the legitimacy of GFIs, which is thwarted by the marginal participation of individual PFOs.
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Lintangah, W. J., V. Atin, A. L. Ibrahim, H. Yahya, E. B. Johnlee, R. A. Martin, and G. John. "Sustainable Forest Management contribution to food security: A stakeholders’ perspectives in Sabah, Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1053, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1053/1/012012.
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Abstract Implementing Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) policy has contributed to conserving and protecting the forests to remain relevant for future generations. This study determines stakeholders’ viewpoint on the relationship between the implementation of SFM and food security in Sabah. The study was conducted by distributing online questionnaires through the SurveyMonkey platform using convenience sampling methods. Most of the respondents agreed that the forestry sector is still relevant to the development and generation of the economy and revenue to the state of Sabah. Apart from nature-based tourism, wood-based manufacturing, furniture industry, and agroforestry practices, other potential economic-generation segments are indigenous forest food productions, such as wild honey, fruits, vegetables, and game animals. The forestry sector could contribute to food security for Sabah by advancing the current practices and the use of local resources of forest foods. Other prospects are integrating natural and plantation forest management programs with the generation of forest food resources. Factors that could foster the forestry sector’s contribution to food security, among others, are research and innovation, education, involvement of local communities, and the role of government policy on forestry and food security in Sabah.
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Kurniasih, H., R. M. Ford, R. J. Keenan, and B. J. King. "A typology of community forestry approaches in Indonesia: implications for external support to forest communities." International Forestry Review 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820829403522.
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Community-based management is an increasingly important form of governance and control of forests and other natural resources. In Indonesia, government policy aims to expand the role of communities in controlling and managing forests. Since the 1970s, many different forms of community forestry (CF) have been implemented in Indonesia but there has been little systematic analysis of these different approaches. This paper presents a typology of CF in Indonesia to present academic knowledge of CF in a form that is useful for practice. The typology acknowledges the networked nature of communities and was developed through qualitative analysis of 311 documents representing 112 cases of CF. Two dimensions emerged that illustrate the evolution of CF: a 'formality' dimension and a 'support' dimension. The former indicated the degree of government authorisation and the latter indicated the degree and type of support provided to communities from governments, businesses, NGOs or other external actors. Nine types of CF were identified, six formal, two partially formalised and one informal. An analysis of these types revealed there are mixed benefits for communities in formalising their access to forests and that the challenges, and therefore needs for support, differ markedly between communities. This study provides a systematic basis for researchers aiming to understand the processes of transition to CF, and for policy makers and practitioners aiming to implement CF in Indonesia and elsewhere.
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Uusivuori, Jussi, and Jani Laturi. "Carbon rentals and silvicultural subsidies for private forests as climate policy instruments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 12 (December 2007): 2541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-071.
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A forest model with an endogenous growth description and age-class structure is applied to study the impacts of potential climate policy instruments on the carbon services of privately owned and managed forests. The model describes the behaviour of a utility-maximizing private nonindustrial landowner who optimizes consumption flow, harvest timing, and the intertemporal allocation of silvicultural investments. Two policy options, one in which the landowner is granted periodic carbon rental payments and one in which the government subsidizes the costs of silvicultural investments, are studied. The rules for when the policy measures have both intended and unintended effects are derived. Using numerical examples, we demonstrate that the effectiveness of both policy options depends on the age-class structure of forests when future carbon benefits are discounted. In that case, carbon rental payments are more effective for forests with old age-class structures, while silvicultural subsidies are more effective for forests with young age-class structures.
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Thing, Sudeep Jana, and Buddi S. Poudel. "Buffer Zone Community Forestry in Nepal: Examining Tenure and Management Outcomes." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 15, no. 1 (September 4, 2017): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v15i1.23096.
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This paper examines the transfer of management rights over forests and natural resources and exercise of such rights by various sections of local communities in Protected Area (PA) buffer zones in Nepal. The study is based on an extensive review of government policy documents, available published and grey materials. The paper has also been drawn from the long experiences of the authors working in PAs and buffer zones in various parts of the country. We found that Buffer Zone Community Forests (BZCFs) have so far made significant contribution to biodiversity conservation, local livelihoods and institutional building in buffer zones. However, we also found a range of critical challenges in realising clear, comprehensive and secure rights by the local communities. Effective functioning of buffer zone community forestry is undermined by ever-increasing demand of forest products, lack of needed management autonomy and support from the PA management authorities, absence of clear policy guideline, increasing human-wildlife conflict and persistence of social exclusion of women, poor and marginalised. We argue that a better understanding and attention to address tenure related challenges in BZCFs would aid both conservation and local livelihoods and thereby enhance socio-ecological resilience of buffer zone communities.
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Skole, David L., Jay H. Samek, Cheikh Mbow, Michael Chirwa, Dan Ndalowa, Tangu Tumeo, Daud Kachamba, Judith Kamoto, Alfred Chioza, and Francis Kamangadazi. "Direct Measurement of Forest Degradation Rates in Malawi: Toward a National Forest Monitoring System to Support REDD+." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040426.
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Spatial time-series measurements of forest degradation rates are important for estimating national greenhouse gas emissions but have been challenging for open forests and woodlands. This lack of quantitative data on forest degradation rates, location and biomass is an important constraint to developing national REDD+ policy. In Malawi, and in most countries in Africa, most assessments of forest cover change for carbon emissions monitoring tend to report only deforestation in the public forest estate managed by the government, even when important forest degradation also occurs in agricultural areas, such as customary forests and other tree-based systems. This study has resulted in: (a) a new robust forest map for Malawi, (b) spatial and quantitative measurements of both forest degradation and deforestation, and (c) a demonstration of the approach through the introduction of a tool that maps across the broad landscape of forests and trees outside of forests. The results can be used to support REDD+ National Forest Monitoring Systems. This analysis produces new estimates of landscape-wide deforestation rates between 2000–2009 (22,410 ha yr−1) and 2009–2015 (38,937 ha yr−1). We further produce new estimates of the rate of forest degradation between 2000–2009 (42,961 ha yr−1) and 2009–2015 (71,878 ha yr−1). The contribution of these new tools and estimates to capacities for calculating carbon emissions are important, increasing prospects for full REDD+ readiness across semi-arid Africa.
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Brand, David G. "Forest management in New South Wales, Australia." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73578-5.
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Forest management policy in New South Wales, Australia, has been dramatically changing during the past two decades in response to public controversy and widening expectations of the values that the forest should provide to society. The nature of NSW forest management today is a reflection of the unique Australian forest ecology, the nature of the forest sector, and the emergence of conflict and polarized views on forest management in the past two decades. Recent efforts have made progress in resolving the forest debate. The key elements have included an expanded protected areas reserve system, expanded reliance on plantation forests for wood supply, increased wood security for native forest industries in return for a commitment to value-adding and the implementation of an ecologically sustainable forest management framework. Like other Australian States, NSW is currently negotiating Regional Forest Agreements with the Commonwealth Government that will set the stage for future directions in forest management. Key words: forest policy, Australia, New South Wales forest management
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Kennedy, Michael I. L., Thomas M. Beckley, and Van A. Lantz. "Expanding socio-economic considerations in the management of New Brunswick's Crown land forests." Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83708-5.
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New Brunswick is in the midst of a forest policy debate regarding wood supply. This paper outlines the historical context, presents recent data and provides a detailed update on policy activities related to this debate. In 2004, the bi-partisan Legislative Select Committee on Wood Supply produced a report complete with recommendations for action. We report on the provincial government response to those recommendations, which has been to: broaden public input into forest management and planning; broaden the range of forest values considered in forest management/policy; and employ new tools, indicators and analysis to provide information to policy-makers. Key words: New Brunswick, wood supply, Crown land policy history, policy debate, socio-economic indicators, public participation in forest management
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Mulyana, Mulyana, and Jossy Pranata Moeis. "Dampak program perhutanan sosial terhadap pertumbuhan usaha dan deforestasi: bukti empiris dari Indonesia." e-Jurnal Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan 11, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jels.v11i1.18124.
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Since 2015 the Government of Indonesia has targeted 12.7 hectares land reform through the social forestry program (SFP).This paper traces village SFP beneficiaries and compares them to villages that have forests that did not receive SFP on the three islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi in Indonesia. The empirical analysis used the Instrumental variable method and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study indicate that the existence of SFPs has not had a significant impact on the growth in the number of businesses and deforestation in both protected and production forests zone. The reason due to limited land due to restrictions on post-determination of social forests, the entrepreneurial capacity of forest managers, not yet integrated SFP with village programs, and low capital and utilization of forest product processing technology. Meanwhile, SFPhas not yet had an impact on deforestation because of the low quality of forest management planning and policy interventions related to forest planting in critical land that hasn’tbeen optimal yet.
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Christmas, Sandy Kurnia, Marzellina Hardiyanti, and Syailendra Anantya Prawira. "Role in the Forest Village Community-Based Forest Management Sustainable Development." Journal of Judicial Review 23, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v23i1.4387.
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The Village Forest Society Institution is present on the basis of the existence of a Joint Community Forest Management (CBFM) program from one form of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This PHBM policy seeks to empower communities around forest areas with managed areas under the authority of Perum Perhutani in the Provinces of Central Java, East Java, West Java and Banten, except for conservation forests which are implemented to provide welfare efforts for forest village communities so that they can participate in enjoying the results. forest production through a sharing system based on SK. Directors of Perum Perhutani No.682 / KPTS / DIR / 2009 concerning Guidelines for Collaborative Forest Resource Management, Law on Forestry, Village Law, and other supporting legislation..The role of LMDH is needed so that the partnership system in PHBM is able to reach forest village communities through an institution that is formed as an institution that receives delegations from the central / regional government in the management of production forests in the area specified in PP No. 72 of 2010 concerning State Forestry Public Company. With the existence of this LMDH, it is ecpected to be able to provide welfare for the communites around the forest and jointly manage forests based on sustainable development, so that the sustainability and availability of forest resources for future generations can be maintained.
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Manzoor, Syed Amir, Geoffrey Griffiths, James Latham, and Martin Lukac. "Scenario-led modelling of broadleaf forest expansion in Wales." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 5 (May 2019): 190026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190026.
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Significant changes in the composition and extent of the UK forest cover are likely to take place in the coming decades. Current policy targets an increase in forest area, for example, the Welsh Government aims for forest expansion by 2030, and a purposeful shift from non-native conifers to broadleaved tree species, as identified by the UK Forestry Standard Guidelines on Biodiversity. Using the example of Wales, we aim to generate an evidence-based projection of the impact of contrasting policy scenarios on the state of forests in the near future, with the view of stimulating debate and aiding decisions concerning plausible outcomes of different policies. We quantified changes in different land use and land cover (LULC) classes in Wales between 2007 and 2015 and used a multi-layer perceptron–Markov chain ensemble modelling approach to project the state of Welsh forests in 2030 under the current and an alternative policy scenario. The current level of expansion and restoration of broadleaf forest in Wales is sufficient to deliver on existing policy goals. We also show effects of a more ambitious afforestation policy on the Welsh landscape. In a key finding, the highest intensity of broadleaf expansion is likely to shift from southeastern to more central areas of Wales. The study identifies the key predictors of LULC change in Wales. High-resolution future land cover simulation maps using these predictors offer an evidence-based tool for forest managers and government officials to test the effects of existing and alternative policy scenarios.
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Putri, Dicky Fernanda, Lely Indah Mindarti, and Muhammad Shobaruddin. "Perencanaan untuk Monitoring pada Skema “Izin Pemanfaatan Hutan Perhutanan Sosial” di Kabupaten Tulungagung." Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik 006, no. 02 (August 1, 2020): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiap.2020.006.02.9.
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The modern forestry industry has led to the dissociation of the communities surrounding forests and deforestation, resulting in the Community welfare gap and loss of forest land cover. In overcoming this, the government issued a new policy of social forestry with IPHPS scheme that aims to provide the opportunity to the community around the forest to legally manage the forest in the working area of Perum Perhutani. This research aims to determine the planning of monitoring on IPHPS scheme in Tulungagung district that can be used to encourage in improving and strengthening the plan. This research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. The results showed that stakeholders have not conducted any planning for monitoring so that, the author made monitoring planning based on the desired stakeholder results, fact field and monitoring planning UNDP (2009).
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Dahal, Ganga Ram, Bharat Kumar Pokharel, Dil Raj Khanal, and Pragyan Raj Pokhrel. "Why Does Tenure Security Matter in Community Forestry? A Critical Reflection from Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 15, no. 1 (September 4, 2017): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v15i1.23082.
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Nepal’s community forestry (CF) programme, which has been in place for over four decades and has rich lessons to offer beyond the national border, is the largest tenure reform initiative in Nepal. Tenure security is one of the primary requirements to unlock the ecological and economic potential of CF through the conservation, management, and utilisation of forest resources. Despite some gaps and issues in policy and practice, positive outcomes of CF have so far been reported. In this paper, we analyse CF tenure reform policy and practice. We find that forest-managing communities have been enjoying access, use, management, and exclusion rights over forest resources. However, communities are not able to tap the economic potential of local forests, partly due to limited opportunities available for commercial harvesting of forest resources and forest-based enterprise development. There is still a lack of institutional capacity among forestry stakeholders to harness the potential offered by changing policy at national and international levels, primarily due to ambiguities in forest carbon ownership and unclear cost and benefit sharing arrangements among different levels of government and community forest user groups (CFUGs). Addressing such issues to secure forest tenure and thereby realise the full potential of forest resources, both ecologically and economically, could be an area of future intervention, particularly in the context of changing national development policies and international environmental initiatives.
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Samndong, Raymond, and Arild Vatn. "Competing Tenures: Implications for REDD+ in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Forests 9, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110662.
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The capacity of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) forests to sequestrate carbon has attracted interest from the international community to protect forests for carbon storage and alleviate rural poverty by establishing REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). Using information gathered from interviews, focus groups, field observations, and policy document analysis, this paper demonstrates that REDD+ is not well adapted to the institutional structures of forest governance in the DRC, including both statutory and customary tenure. The lack of harmonization between these systems has created a situation of competition between state and customary authorities. This has created opportunities for powerful actors to ‘shop’ between the two systems to attempt to legitimize their expanded use and control over forest resources. As the REDD+ process evolves from the preparation to the implementation phase, competing institutional structures may negatively impact the effectiveness of REDD+, as well as the distribution of costs and benefits. While the newly enacted community forest law provides an opportunity to recognize customary rights to forestland, the lack of functional local government at the district and village levels has prompted REDD+ pilot project organizers to establish new village organizations for REDD+.
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Klenk, Nicole L., and Gordon M. Hickey. "Government science in forestry: Characteristics and policy utilization." Forest Policy and Economics 13, no. 1 (January 2011): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2010.08.005.
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Ramadhan, Ramli, Deni Firman Syah, and Nugroho Tri Waskhito. "Effectiveness and Institutional Conditions in Social Forestry Program: Case Study of Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH) Sumber Makmur, Forest Management Unit (KPH) Malang." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v10i1.525.
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Changes in the Social Forestry or Perhutanan Sosial (PS) scheme have been made by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly in the state-owned forestry enterprise (Perhutani) working area. A forestry partnership is one of the schemes being developed to replace the previous scheme, Community Forest Management (PHBM). However, increased PS area permits are not always accompanied by increased farmer trust and understanding of the program. This study aimed to determine the institution’s effectiveness and institutional condition in the era of PS policy, which is currently a government priority program. One of the community groups granted a management permit is the Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH) Sumber Makmur, located in the Forest Management Unit (KPH) Malang. This study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021 using a qualitative descriptive method as in-depth interviews and questionnaires with assessment indicators. Respondents were chosen randomly from the entire population using the Slovin formula. The results showed that the institutional effectiveness of LMDH Sumber Makmur still tended to decrease. The confidence level of farmers in the PS program was only around 28.9%, and the level of understanding was 26.7%. The results also showed a low percentage value of farmer participation, external support, the availability of facilities, and gender perspective. Consequently, the government needs to monitor institutions and community groups running PS programs to see institutional developments in each location. Institutional development is essential as an entrance for people to manage forests independently. Keywords: Forest Village Community Institution, institutional conditions, institutional effectiveness, social forestry
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Wicaksono, Agung. "Forestry Affairs In The Law Of The Republic Of Indonesia Number 23 Of 2014 Concerning Local Government: A Review." Jurnal Kajian Pemerintah: Journal of Government, Social and Politics 8, no. 1 (May 28, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jkp.2022.vol8(1).9488.
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This research studies forestry affairs in the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government. There has been a significant change in authority regarding the authority related to forestry affairs. The central government has more power than the provincial and district/city governments. The smallest authority is at the district/city government level, where only the authority is given to the management of community forest parks (TAHURA), resulting in the absence of a forestry service in the district/city government. The provincial government is an institution that has sufficient power in forestry management, although its authority is still not as large as the central government. This paper is expected to provide a complete understanding to the general public regarding the authority of each level of government.
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Tobroni, Faiq. "Antara Cita-cita Konservasi dan Kerentanan Masuk Sandera Eksploitasi (Kajian Atas Beberapa Judicial Review terhadap UU Kehutanan)." Jurnal Konstitusi 8, no. 3 (May 20, 2016): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk834.
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This paper aims to discuss some decisions of the Constitutional Court on judicial review of the Forestry Law. There are both positive and negative. A positive decision, to my opinion, can seen in No 013/PUU-III/2005 and No 021/PUU-III/2005. The reason I regard as a positive is based on the consequences of decision, which legitimates article about the ban on illegal logging in forests and the confiscation of equipment for stealing wood as constitutional ones. It is supporting conservation.A decision that negatively affects the spirit of conservation is noted in decision No. 003/PUU-II/2005. This ruling tends to prioritize legal certainty for mining companies to resume an open mine system in the preserved forestry. The author saw this one as reflection of the legal policy construction on forestry law that is taken hostage by exploitation interests.This paper, furthermore, tries to uncover the legal policy construction on forestry law as the base of problem sources. Therefore, the author needs to search for not only informations which are in the textual decision, but also ones are beyond it. The larger model of legal policy can be seen from the process of determining emergency condition when formulating the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perpu), then when changing the Perpu become law, and government regulations concerning forestry post-decision of the Court Number 003/PUU-II/2005.The advantage of this paper is on efforts to uncover the source alignments of forestry law on the big corporation based on decision number 003/PUU-II/2005. It to know this source that could be an important basis to understand why decision of the Constitutional Court on the preserved forest is taken hostage.
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Price, Karen, Rachel F. Holt, and Dave Daust. "Conflicting portrayals of remaining old growth: the British Columbia case." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 51, no. 5 (May 2021): 742–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0453.
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Old growth is disappearing globally, with implications for biodiversity, forest resilience, and carbon storage; yet uncertainty remains about how much exists, partly because assessments stratify ecosystems differently, sometimes obscuring relevant patterns. This paper compares portrayals of British Columbia’s (BC) old-growth forest stratified in two ways: by biogeoclimatic variant, as per policy, and by relative site productivity. Our analyses confirm provincial government claims that about a quarter of BC’s forests are old growth but find that most of this area has low realized productivity, including subalpine and bog forests, and that less than 1% is highly productive old growth, growing large trees. Within biogeoclimatic variant, nearly half of high-productivity forest landscapes have less than 1% of the expected area of old forest. Low-productivity ecosystems are over-represented in protected forest. We suggest that the experiment of managing old growth solely by biogeoclimatic variant has failed and that current forest policy, in combination with timber harvesting priorities, does not maintain representative ecosystems, counter to the intent of both policy and international conventions. Stratifying old growth by relative productivity within biogeoclimatic variant seems an appropriate method to portray ecosystem representation, potentially increasing the probability of maintaining ecosystem resilience.
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Hesselink, Trevor P. "Increasing pressures to use forest biomass: A conservation viewpoint." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86028-1.
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Various policy, economic, and social drivers are pushing us towards utilizing our forests for a changing mix of products that include returning to them for biomass as a fuel source. While this is a use with some limited merit, it must be considered prudently and with the ecological limits of our forests clearly identified and understood before substantially investing our public resources towards this purpose. There is enough scientific evidence to suggest that caution and restraint is needed so that we can identify key ecological impacts and define sites on which increased fibre harvesting is not appropriate before biomass policies are put in place. Information is needed on monitoring methods, and effects on site productivity, biodiversity, and carbon cycling; full economic analyses and life-cycle carbon accounting is needed. Perverse incentives need to be avoided. A precautionary path is therefore required that makes ecosystem sustainability a priority, that builds confidence in application of current practices, that includes environmental assessment and pilot programs, and that operates under a clear regulatory regime that integrates bioenergy removals within clear forest management plans. The pervasive impacts of climate change are converging with an economic opportunity to set the groundwork for our next forest economy, and biomass utilization policy will play a key role in how well we choose to manage our forest resources in this unique context. To proceed with maximization of use as the dominant management priority is to ignore the critical obligation that managers must appreciate: that our forest resources have limits to their exploitation from which, once exceeded, they do not easily recover. On the evidence available, this is a time for government policy makers to take the precautionary path in allocating our forest biomass, and to ensure that we are comfortably living on the interest from our forest ecosystems but not tapping into its capital. Key words: biomass, sustainability, policy, conservation, full-tree harvesting, environmental impacts, intensity, carbon, utilization pressures
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Park, So-Hee, and Youn Yeo-Chang. "Impact of Collaborative Forest Management on Rural Livelihood: A Case Study of Maple Sap Collecting Households in South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041594.
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Some forest-dependent rural communities participate in the Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) program in South Korea, which provides the local people with access to national forests for the collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in return for their contribution to the management of national forests. This study investigated what factors influenced rural communities’ participation in CFM and how their participation in CFM affected livelihood strategies and income level. Households in 17 villages near the Seoul National University (SNU) forests owned by the Government were interviewed. The study found that CFM participating households tend to choose diversified livelihood strategies. CFM participating households with diversified livelihood strategies are likely to have a higher income than non-CFM participating households choosing sectoral focus strategies. Expansion of the CFM program is suggested as a policy option to improve forest-dependent rural livelihood. However, ageing and female-headed households are faced with difficulties in participating in CFM due to their physical ability of forestry work while new settlers restricted access to forest resources. There is a need for innovation in forest governance for equitable distribution of forest services for both original and new residents to achieve sustainable rural livelihoods.
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Binkley, Clark S. "Designing an effective forest sector research strategy for Canada." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71589-5.
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Sustaining high levels of productivity and productivity growth in the Canadian forest sector depends on rapid development and adoption of sophisticated technology for our forests, manufacturing facilities and products. Yet R&D expenditures in Canada lag those for most of its major competitors, suggesting that Canada is unlikely to produce the necessary technology on the schedule it is needed. This lack of investment in R&D stems at least in part from three factors: (i) the specific problems associated with being a net exporter with a large share of many global markets, (ii) the small size of Canadian firms when compared with our global competitors, and (iii) Canada's collective failure to articulate a widely-accepted forest sector strategy which guides the daily policy and management decisions of governments, industry and interest groups. This paper argues that an effective R&D strategy for the country involves rapid deployment of technological innovations, R&D targeted on the special features of Canada's forests and polity, and better links between strategies for the forest industry and the forest resource. Key words: forestry research, forest products research, research planning
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Rahayu, Sari, Dwi Laraswati, Andita A. Pratama, Muhammad A. K. Sahide, Dwiko B. Permadi, Wahyu Wibowo, Tri S. Widyaningsih, Edi Suprapto, Wahyu Andayani, and Ahmad Maryudi. "Bureaucratizing non-government organizations as governmental forest extension services in social forestry policy in Indonesia." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 29, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1753585.
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Asselin, Jodie, Gabriel Asselin, and Flavia Egli. "The Discursive Context of Forest in Land Use Documents." Nature and Culture 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 170–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2022.170203.
Full textAbstract:
The term forest can signify many different physical realities. However, discourse analysis of Irish National and European Union forestry-related documents indicates ambiguity around this term is often cultivated rather than clarified. We argue here that policy language often embraces the multiple potential affordances within the term forest as a means of discursively bridging contradictions between economic and conservation goals. While this technique increases the readability and acceptability of such documents by diverse user groups and government bodies, it mutes the on-the-ground tensions of what forests mean for locals. Moreover, cultivating ambiguity favors the status quo through circumventing points of contradiction and shifting the work of interpretation and application of such documents to those on-the-ground, therefore perpetuating existing power differentials. As forests are central to resource management and responses to climate change, addressing this tendency is crucial to finding meaningful and place-specific environmental solutions.
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Muniba Nafees, Muhammad Zubair, and Abdullah. "Joint Forest Management Rules: Law and Practice in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." sjesr 4, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(268-277).
Full textAbstract:
The study’s main aim was to provide an in-depth insight into the Community Participation (also called Joint Forest Management or JFM) Rules enforced by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) in 2004 to reform the KP Environment Department from a “policing model” to a participatory one. It sought to find out; whether the JFM rules are followed in letter and spirit or the environment department of the province is still using age-old policies without involving the local communities in the management of forests. The study has uncovered the departmental and bureaucratic constraints towards the JFM Rules that stop the department from embarking on a journey towards a more participatory, inclusive, transparent, accountable, and sustainable management as well as development of forest resources. A qualitative research design was selected for this study and data was collected from a sample assembled on quota sampling technique with the quotas of respondents: 10 forest owners (people who have ownership rights in forests. 5 were taken from Malakand Division and 5 from Hazara Division of KP), 10 forest users (people who occasionally or permanently live in or near forests and use its resources in an arrangement with the forest owners. 5 were taken from Malakand and 5 from Hazara again), 10 government officials (5 from the environment department and 5 from the legal fraternity) and finally 10 environmental activists (including 5 female activists). Themes were developed after carrying out semi-structured in-depth interviews using interview guides. One of the major findings of the research were the sweeping and discretionary powers of the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) which hinders the progress of JFM as DFO is not only the final authority on registration of a JFM Committee but can influence various other aspects of community participation and JFM like planning, funding and termination. It was also found that the territorial or protection staff (like Ranger, Forester & Guard) were still calling the shots in a top-down approach instead of a bottom-to-top approach by the mobilization and developmental staff (like Community Development Officer or CDO & Female Forest Extensionist or FFE) despite the JFM Rules. It was revealed that there is a great lack of funds and financial independence of the Directorate of CDEGAD (Community Development, Extension, Gender and Development) which is responsible for implementing community participation and JFM. The directorate staff is mostly financially dependent upon the discretion of the DFO. Even after 16 years, the environment department has not internalized JFM Rules. There was a lack of concern by government top management towards addressing this huge environmental problem of the lack of implementation of JFM despite the recent Billion and 10 Billion Trees "Tsunami" Afforestation Projects with the help of the UN under the Bonn Challenge. A very small number of community members reported that they are participating in the forestry and wildlife activities with the environment department. "Rubber stamp" and "token" participation were reported just to give legal cover to the departmental activities and a photo session for the social media instead of truly real incentive participation to achieve sustainable management and development of forest resources. There is a great if not an organized resistance of the majority of forestry staff to JFM Rules and keep these rules hidden under the carpet to carry on the traditional approach which is harmful for the communities, the department, the forests, and the wildlife in the long run. Lack of implementation of JFM Rules also facilitates corruption. Without local support and knowledge, the poverty in the forest-dependent communities cannot be eradicated. Lessons from Nepal's social forestry should be learned and utilized for KP's JFM. Nevertheless, the recent projects by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf led KP and Federal governments have given environmental activists a great glimmer of hope but the long-term positive results of it will depend upon its continuity by the future governments. The positions of CDOs, Female CDOs, and SOs (Social Organizers) need to be strengthened with legal powers regarding JFM. Several environmental policy and regulation needs were also identified in this study, followed by several recommendations for the environment department, provincial government, and civil society for bold and ambitious community-led forestry and wildlife conservation projects.