Journal articles on the topic 'Forests and forestry Equipment and supplies'
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1
Kronholm, Thomas, and Dianne Staal Wästerlund. "Family Forest Owners’ Expectations and Perceptions of Service Quality in Timber Transactions in Sweden." Forests 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111513.
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In Sweden, 59% of the annual gross felling takes place in forests owned by family forest owners (FFOs). Forest companies conduct thousands of timber transactions with FFOs each year, and, most often, harvesting services are provided to them as part of the deal. Delivering services that meet the FFOs’ expectations of quality is important for any organization that wants FFOs to be loyal suppliers. The objectives of this study are to clarify FFOs’ service quality expectations in timber transactions, show how well forest companies meet these expectations, and identify factors that may influence FFOs’ quality assessments. Data were collected through a survey sent out to 973 FFOs, with a response rate of 43% (n = 418). The results show that, on average, FFOs perceived that the quality of the services delivered in relation to their latest timber transaction met their expectations on 2 out of 14 quality features: modern equipment (e.g., forest machines) and staff’s courtesy towards the FFO. The study concludes that skilled and service-minded employees are highly important for maintaining good relationships with FFOs and that forest companies may have a lot to gain by improving communication and taking the interests of the FFOs into greater consideration.
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Rosadi, Imron, and T. Takim. "Pembuatan Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Laboratorium (SIMPAL) Menggunakan Borland Delphi 7.0." Jurnal Pengelolaan Laboratorium Pendidikan 1, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jplp.1.1.11-22.
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The management of the survey and mapping laboratory at the Civil Engineering Department of the State Polytechnic of Malang so far were used the conventional method, recording stock of equipment and materials supplies and the process of borrowing and returning equipment is done by filling out work papers or forms that are quite a lot so the process is quite time-consuming. The purpose of this research is to create a laboratory management information system using the Delphi 7.0 program, it is hoped that laboratory management that is integrated with computers can make laboratory activities more effective and efficient. By using the research and development (R&D) method, the following research results were obtained: a) a database system that can accommodate the recording of all laboratory management activities; b) software as an interface between laboratory users and the database system. From the series of research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that with an information system that has made service activities in the survey and mapping laboratory more effectively and efficiently.
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Rosadi, Imron, and T. Takim. "Pembuatan Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Laboratorium (SIMPAL) Menggunakan Borland Delphi 7.0." Jurnal Pengelolaan Laboratorium Pendidikan 1, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jplp.1.1.8-19.
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The management of the survey and mapping laboratory at the Civil Engineering Department of the State Polytechnic of Malang so far were used the conventional method, recording stock of equipment and materials supplies and the process of borrowing and returning equipment is done by filling out work papers or forms that are quite a lot so the process is quite time-consuming. The purpose of this research is to create a laboratory management information system using the Delphi 7.0 program, it is hoped that laboratory management that is integrated with computers can make laboratory activities more effective and efficient. By using the research and development (R&D) method, the following research results were obtained: a) a database system that can accommodate the recording of all laboratory management activities; b) software as an interface between laboratory users and the database system. From the series of research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that with an information system that has made service activities in the survey and mapping laboratory more effectively and efficiently.
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Han, Han-Sup, E. M. (Ted) Bilek, John (Rusty) Dramm, Dan Loeffler, and Dave Calkin. "Financial Feasibility of a Log Sort Yard Handling Small-Diameter Logs: A Preliminary Study." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/26.4.174.
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Abstract The value and use of the trees removed in fuel reduction thinning and restoration treatments could be enhanced if the wood were effectively evaluated and sorted for quality and highest value before delivery to the next manufacturing destination. This article summarizes a preliminary financial feasibility analysis of a log sort yard that would serve as a log market to buy and sell small-diameter logs in western Montana. We based our evaluations on equipment for a medium-sized log sort yard that would preprocess and sort 33 million board feet of small-diameter logs per year to seven different products. The delivered log input costs represent 78.1% of the total sales revenue, whereas the yard's operating costs account for 17.7% of the revenue. The log sort yard's operating cost would be $3.74/piece or $79.53/thousand board feet. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) would make the biggest contribution to the yard's gross margin because this species both represents the largest volume (45% of the input log volume) into the yard and produces high-value products (house and veneer logs). Improved knowledge regarding wood market conditions and local log supplies is a prerequisite to understanding a log sort yard's financial feasibility.
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DeWalle, David R., Anthony R. Buda, and Ann Fisher. "Extreme Weather and Forest Management in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/20.2.61.
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Abstract Projected climate change could have major effects on forest management because of the potential for increased frequency, duration, and/or severity of extreme weather events. We surveyed public and private forestland management groups in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States to better understand current interactions between extreme weather events and forest land management and to help predict future impacts. Our questionnaire addressed the importance and types of problems created by extreme weather events, the coping strategies employed to mitigate problems, and the overall economic effects of extreme weather. Responses were received from 322 forest managers/users (54% response rate) primarily representing state natural resources agencies, forestry consulting firms, large industrial forestry companies and smaller logging companies. Overall, respondents rated the impacts of extreme weather on their operations as low to modest; however, over 20% experienced “major” effects because of extreme weather over the past 10 yr. The highest rated impacts were: (1) reduced access to forestland because of flooding, deep snow, or wind- and ice-damaged trees; (2) increased costs for road and facility maintenance, and (3) direct damage to trees by wind, snow, or ice and subsequent effects on timber supplies and market prices. Mitigation strategies most commonly mentioned were switching of silvicultural systems and changing site preparation and planting schemes, but most respondents had not altered their management due to extreme weather. When asked about effects of a hypothetical 25% increase in severe weather, the most common mitigation strategy was increased investment in new equipment and facilities. Short-term economic impacts of severe weather varied between “supply increasing” conditions associated with increased tree damage and salvage operations and “supply decreasing” conditions related to reduced access to forest land. Increased severe weather due to climate change can be expected to have small to modest effects on forest management and users overall, but areas subjected to hurricanes and ice storms within the Mid-Atlantic region appear to be more sensitive to impacts of severe weather. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2):61–70.
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Hunková, Veronika, and Karel Janák. "Influence of Allowances on Taking Log Deliveries." Drvna industrija 72, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2015.
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This paper deals with differences between the declared and actually supplied volume of round wood, which can be seen in the sawmill log yards in taking log deliveries. These differences usually mean the losses for the suppliers. Authors focus on the length accuracy of supplied logs. They start with a comprehensive manual checking of log deliveries (2639 logs) and with calibration of electronic measuring equipment (238 logs) made by an accredited laboratory. Authors analyse the origins of the differences, they quantify the volume “voluntarily” given by the suppliers in the form of oversized allowances and the volume of the losses caused by classifying the logs to a lower length group if the necessary allowance lengths are not observed (the volume is counted using e.g. 1 m shorter nominal length). The term “extra allowance” is introduced for allowances longer than wanted, and the dependences among the length of extra allowances, log diameter, volume of extra allowances and number of logs with too short allowance are defined. Losses caused by both of these defects (over- or under-sized logs) are counted and compared. If the log length value is exactly the required one or close to it (it means nominal length and required allowance), the measuring equipment can still measure a lower value because of the required precision of 1 %. Losses are also caused by reclassifying the logs to a lower group. Suppliers cut the logs longer (make “extra allowances”) to ensure that the volume calculation is based on the right nominal length and not shorter. The research shows big differences between particular suppliers and their losses caused by extra allowances or reclassification of logs. The authors searched the optimum allowance in order to minimise the losses of the supplier. The results of the analysis give the following recommendations: for suppliers who do not use harvesters for felling and logging, it would be preferable to supply round timber in tree lengths due to the volume lost by reclassification. Today, however, this is not possible in most cases because large customers buy only logs because of technological reasons. Another aspect is the price, which is usually higher for raw material in logs. In the production of logs, it is preferable to increase the required 2 % allowance by 4-5 cm, if it is possible to produce the logs relatively accurately. If accuracy cannot be maintained, it is preferable to increase the allowance to about 7 cm (e.g. mountainous terrain, poor quality and curved timber, lack of experienced staff).
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Bordovsky, James P. "Low-Energy Precision Application (LEPA) Irrigation: A Forty-Year Review." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 5 (2019): 1343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13117.
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Abstract. The low-energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation concept was developed 40 years ago (ca. 1978) to address the depletion of irrigation water from the Ogallala Aquifer and the sharp increase in pumping costs caused by the 1970s fuel crisis occurring at that time in the Texas High Plains. The LEPA method applies water to the soil surface at low pressure using a tower-truss irrigation system that continually moves through the field. This method brought changes in irrigation equipment and management that resulted in improvements in water productivity, particularly in semi-arid locations with diminishing water supplies. A review of published information pertaining to LEPA history, evaluation, and usage was performed. On landscapes of less than 1% slope, negative crop yield effects caused by irrigation runoff and start-stop system alignment were overcome with appropriately spaced basins, or furrow checks, and multiple irrigations over the course of the growing season. No consistent yield advantage at any level of irrigation was documented by placing water in every furrow (1 m spacing) compared to alternate furrows (2 m spacing). In irrigation treatments having =50% of the estimated full irrigation quantity, LEPA resulted in a 16% yield increase over sprinkler methods, although subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) resulted in a 14% yield increase over LEPA. At irrigation levels >50% of full irrigation, crop yields of sprinkler treatments were only slightly less than those of LEPA, and SDI yields were 7% greater than LEPA. The LEPA irrigation method was the catalyst for innovations in chemigation, no-till planting, and site-specific irrigation. As irrigation water becomes more limited, use and proper management of optimum irrigation methods will be critical. Keywords: Basin tillage, Chemigation, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation methods, LEPA, Low-energy precision application, Runoff, Spray irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Uniformity, Water use efficiency.
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Liu, Ping, and Eric Hansen. "Integrating corporate foresight with open innovation: enhancing competitiveness of equipment and technology suppliers to the US forest sector." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 52, no. 4 (April 2022): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2021-0214.
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Equipment and technology suppliers to the United States (US) forest sector are confronting challenges and opportunities to respond to disruptive changes in an increasingly challenging business environment. Integrating corporate foresight (CF) with open innovation (OI) may contribute to enhanced competitiveness of these equipment and technology suppliers in today’s complex business context. Due to its collaborative and interdisciplinary nature, open innovation is crucial for success. Corporate foresight may enhance the ability of firms to implement open innovation, in turn enhancing innovation in the US forest sector through collaboration. This study uses data from a questionnaire-based study to investigate the current state of OI and CF activities that are applied by equipment and technology suppliers to the US forest sector. The results present strengths and weaknesses of OI and CF maturity among respondents and indicate that improved collaboration is necessary for OI management and a culture change must be facilitated for CF management.
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Winkler, Martin. "Der Zuger Wald und sein Umfeld | Situation of the forest in Canton Zug." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0223.
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Canton of Zug, the smallest of Switzerland's «undivided» cantons,is situated between the central plain and the pre-alpine region. With a population of 106,000 it is densely inhabited. The geological foundations comprise subalpine and central plain sedimentary layers, often covered with moraine. The Canton's topography, rates of precipitation, soil composition,average temperatures and expositions are very varied. This is why the forests in Canton Zug contain many different species of trees. In the wake of clearing, over-exploitation and intensive grazing in the 19th century the boundaries of the forests were driven back and they provided fewer supplies. Owing to the afforestation of large areas and careful exploitation policies,forest now covers 6,300 ha. The result is the existence of forests rich in growth and supplies, 71% of which are under public ownership. Canton Zug is a dynamic economic region with an over-average, almost explosive, development. Many forests are managed in accordance with criteria that support sustainable management–also for reasons of a rational management of the forest. A high intensity of exploitation is aimed for, whereby at least the increment of wood is harvested.
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Gannon, Benjamin M., Yu Wei, Lee H. MacDonald, Stephanie K. Kampf, Kelly W. Jones, Jeffery B. Cannon, Brett H. Wolk, Antony S. Cheng, Robert N. Addington, and Matthew P. Thompson. "Prioritising fuels reduction for water supply protection." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 10 (2019): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18182.
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Concerns over wildfire impacts to water supplies have motivated efforts to mitigate risk by reducing forest fuels. Methods to assess fuel treatment effects and prioritise their placement are needed to guide risk mitigation efforts. We present a fuel treatment optimisation model to minimise risk to multiple water supplies based on constraints for treatment feasibility and cost. Risk is quantified as the expected sediment impact costs to water supplies by combining measures of fire likelihood and behaviour, erosion, sediment transport and water supply vulnerability. We demonstrate the model’s utility for prioritising fuel treatments in two large watersheds in Colorado, USA, that are critical for municipal water supply. Our results indicate that wildfire risk to water supplies can be substantially reduced by treating a small portion of the watersheds that have dense, fire-prone forests on steep slopes that drain to water supply infrastructure. Our results also show that the cost of fuel treatments outweighs the expected cost savings from reduced sediment inputs owing to the low probability of fuel treatments encountering wildfire and the high cost of thinning forests. This highlights the need to expand use of more cost-effective treatments, like prescribed fire, and to identify fuel treatment projects that benefit multiple resources.
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Gannon, Benjamin M., Yu Wei, Lee H. MacDonald, Stephanie K. Kampf, Kelly W. Jones, Jeffery B. Cannon, Brett H. Wolk, Antony S. Cheng, Robert N. Addington, and Matthew P. Thompson. "Corrigendum to: Prioritising fuels reduction for water supply protection." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 11 (2020): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18182_co.
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Concerns over wildfire impacts to water supplies have motivated efforts to mitigate risk by reducing forest fuels. Methods to assess fuel treatment effects and prioritise their placement are needed to guide risk mitigation efforts. We present a fuel treatment optimisation model to minimise risk to multiple water supplies based on constraints for treatment feasibility and cost. Risk is quantified as the expected sediment impact costs to water supplies by combining measures of fire likelihood and behaviour, erosion, sediment transport and water supply vulnerability. We demonstrate the model's utility for prioritising fuel treatments in two large watersheds in Colorado, USA, that are critical for municipal water supply. Our results indicate that wildfire risk to water supplies can be substantially reduced by treating a small portion of the watersheds that have dense, fire-prone forests on steep slopes that drain to water supply infrastructure. Our results also show that the cost of fuel treatments outweighs the expected cost savings from reduced sediment inputs owing to the low probability of fuel treatments encountering wildfire and the high cost of thinning forests. This highlights the need to expand use of more cost-effective treatments, like prescribed fire, and to identify fuel treatment projects that benefit multiple resources.
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Brändli, Urs-Beat, Meinrad Abegg, and Rita Bütler. "Lebensraum-Hotspots für saproxylische Arten mittels LFI-Daten erkennen." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 162, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2011.0312.
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Identifying habitat hotspots for saproxylic species using NFI data Old wood and deadwood are the most important habitat features for thousands of typical wood-dwelling animal, fungi and plant species. In this paper, we explore the question of whether Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) data can be used to identify so-called habitat hotspots in order to promote species nationally and regionally. We therefore used NFI data to analyse old wood, deadwood and habitat trees, which are the three most important habitat indicators for old and deadwood specialists, and developed a structural index based on all three. The results show that national distribution maps of selected saproxylic species differ in how well they correspond with NFI habitat indicators, most probably because field observations are not representative. The indicators were therefore compared with modelled distribution areas of potential hotspots for saproxylic species. It seems that today deadwood in particular is seldom very frequent in those areas where it would most help to maintain biodiversity. Deadwood is especially plentiful in the western edges of the Alps. There are large supplies of old wood in Valais and the Engadine, and hotspots of habitat trees in Ticino, the central Jura and lower Valais. The NFI data on site characteristics, management forms and main forest functions were analysed to find out how much influence these factors have. For example, spruce-silver fir forests contain twice as much deadwood as beech forests (32 vs. 16 m3/ha), and old stands in spruce-silver fir forests untended for over 30 years as much as 50 m3/ha. Deadwood supplies tend to be greater at higher altitudes, on steep slopes and in forests difficult to access, regardless of the forest function. Protection forests tend to contain the most old stands (27% older than 120 years) and deadwood (26 m3/ha), while forests mainly used for recreation and timber production contain 12–13 m3/ha of deadwood and 17–20% of old stands. During the past two decades, the amount of old wood and deadwood has greatly increased in forests regardless of their function. The NFI inventories are very suitable for monitoring changes in forest habitats across space and time, and for assessing the influence of site characteristics, forms of management and natural events. Detailed analyses of NFI data can help in deciding on the best nature conservation strategies, for example, the geographical focus for conservation or promotion, the potential of forests that have not been used for a long time or the synergy with protection forests. NFI data should be used more for such purposes in future.
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Ashton, Wm (Bill), and Bill Anderson. "New Brunswick's "Jaakko Pöyry" report: perceptions of senior forestry officials about its influence on forest policy." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81081-1.
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Pending limited fibre supplies in New Brunswick are of concern to the forest industry, provincial government departments, and special interest groups, alike. All three of these stakeholders employ foresters, and all three are or should be involved in setting public policy regarding New Brunswick's forests. This paper uses a multifaceted framework to assess the role of foresters in the current policy debate regarding softwood fibre supplies that has resulted from New Brunswick's "Jaakko Pöyry" report. The conclusions from this study are that i) both forest policy and the policymaking process in New Brunswick have largely been determined by industry- and government-commissioned reports; ii) the policy-making process remains undefined; and iii) all the stakeholders see a need to improve communications. Key words: forest policy; Jaakko Pöyry report; New Brunswick; perceptions; public policy making.
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Renkas, A. A., V. V. Popovych, and A. M. Dominik. "METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL LOCATION OF FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT FOR LOCALIZATION OF GROUND FOREST FIRES." Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 2, no. 446 (April 15, 2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170x.46.
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Localization and forest fire suppression is an urgent problem for the whole world. Given the heterogeneity of forests on the planet, approaches to modeling the spread of fires and their extinguishing are different. In this article a method for determining the required number of forces and means for the localization of ground forest fires is offered, taking into account the location of firefighting equipment in forests. To forecast the spread of fire, equidistant places from the fire departments in forests were chosen using Voronoi diagrams. The results of the calculation make it possible to conclude whether there are enough available forces and means to localize the predicted fire and to suggest additional firefighting equipment locations. The use of Voronoi diagrams for the State Enterprise "Zhovkva Forestry" in the Lviv region showed 12 dangerous areas, which are located the furthest from the fire departments. The method for determining the optimal location of firefighting equipment was applied to the Butynskyi forestry in Zhovkva forestry enterprise. Reducing the time of free spread of ground forest fires by 25% using rational placement of firefighting equipment and machinery, allows to reduce the number of employees for its localization by 53.8%.
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Irawan, Yuda. "Sistem Informasi Pengadaan Peralatan dan Perlengkapan Kantor pada Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi Riau Berbasis Web." JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia 1, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35746/jtim.v1i1.13.
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In the development of increasingly advanced and sophisticated technology, tools are needed that help facilitate a job, one of which is a computer. Computers are the main choice in the progress of agencies in general because an agency aims to maximize agencies can grow and develop as expected. Designing Procurement Information Systems for Web-Based Office Equipment and Supplies is to provide complete information about Procurement of Office Equipment, Procurement Information Systems Equipment and Office Supplies at Riau Province Forestry Services Using PHP and MySQL database is a software that can be used to process equipment data office where transaction reports for ATK request transactions, ATK stock reduction can be known every day automatically if all transactions have been sent to the system. Thus work from the Finance and Equipment Section can be helped and will make time effective
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May, Dennis M., and Chris B. LeDoux. "Assessing Timber Availability in Upland Hardwood Forests." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/16.2.82.
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Abstract Reported forest inventory statistics gathered by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis (SOFIA) have been criticized because not all of the inventory volume reported is truly available for harvest. In response to this criticism, a procedure has been developed for assessing timber availability from reported inventory statistics for upland hardwood forests. The procedure uses forest inventory and ownership statistics gathered by SOFIA, a stump-to-mill cost prediction model developed by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, and published wood price reports. Under the specific assumptions and conditions set forth in a demonstration of the procedure, a quarter of Tennessee's reported upland hardwood forest, containing about 40% of the reported inventory volume, was estimated to be available for harvest. The usefulness of the procedure in assessing available timber supplies for individual mills was also demonstrated. South. J. Appl. For. 16(2):82-88.
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Roy, M. A. "Guided Change Through Community Forestry A Case Study in Forest Management Unit 17 – Newfoundland." Forestry Chronicle 65, no. 5 (October 1, 1989): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc65344-5.
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For centuries the coastal forests of insular Newfoundland traditionally have been exploited as a common property resource for individual domestic purposes. Indiscriminate domestic cutting has led to deteriorated forests and to increased conflicts with commercial forestry interests. In recent years many approaches have been tried to manage domestic cutters. This article examines the process used by the staff of Forest Management Unit 17, on the Great Northern Peninsula, that led to a pilot community forestry project as a means of fostering responsibility and accountability in the wood cutting public. It is concluded that the process of changing the undesirable aspects of common property traditions requires adequate time and commitments of funding, staff, and community involvement. The community forest concept could be expanded to other Newfoundland Forest Management Units with high domestic demand and low supplies of accessible timber. Key Words: common property, domestic cutting, community forestry
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Hălălișan, Aureliu Florin, Bogdan Popa, Stelian Alexandru Borz, and Ioan Vasile Abrudan. "Health and Safety Issues in Romanian Forests: Findings from FSC Certification Audits." Forests 13, no. 5 (May 2, 2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050714.
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In a wider context of attempting to minimise forestry related occupational hazards, this paper aimed to evaluate the ability of FSC forest management certification to contribute to identifying, describing, and reducing health and safety issues in forest management in Romania. By extracting and analysing the health and safety related non-conformities from auditing reports issued for Romanian forest management operations between 2013 and 2018, the study reveals that the most important risk factors are organizational factors, followed by equipment-related factors. The correlation of the results with other findings in the forest operations literature indicates that forest management certification is a suitable tool to identify and describe the health and safety aspects of forest management related activities, especially for forest operations. The analysis also indicates some possible causes of the high rate of work accidents in Romanian forestry: obsolete and less mechanised technology, low concern for providing and using specific safety equipment, low wages in forest operations, lack of proper training etc. All these aspects point to the need for improving safe organisational culture.
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Morffi-Mestre, Hernán, Gregorio Ángeles-Pérez, Jennifer S. Powers, José Luis Andrade, Astrid Helena Huechacona Ruiz, Filogonio May-Pat, Francisco Chi-May, and Juan Manuel Dupuy. "Multiple Factors Influence Seasonal and Interannual Litterfall Production in a Tropical Dry Forest in Mexico." Forests 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121241.
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Litterfall production plays a fundamental role in the dynamics and function of tropical forest ecosystems, as it supplies 70–80% of nutrients entering the soil. This process varies annually and seasonally, depending on multiple environmental factors. However, few studies spanning several years have addressed the combined effect of climate variables, successional age, topography, and vegetation structure in tropical dry forests. In this study, we evaluated monthly, seasonal, and annual litterfall production over a five-year period in semideciduous dry forests of different successional ages growing on contrasting topographic conditions (sloping or flat terrain) in Yucatan, Mexico. Its relationship with climate and vegetation structural variables were also analyzed using multiple linear regression and generalized linear models. Litterfall was measured monthly in 12 litterfall traps of 0.5 m2 in three sampling clusters (sets of four 400 m2 sampling plots) established in forests of five successional age classes, 3–5, 10–17, 18–25, 60–79, and >80 years (in the latter two classes either on slopping or on flat terrain), for a total of 15 sampling clusters and 180 litterfall traps. Litterfall production varied between years (negatively correlated with precipitation), seasons (positively correlated with wind speed and maximum temperature), and months (negatively correlated with relative humidity) and was higher in flat than in sloping sites. Litterfall production also increased with successional age until 18–25 years after abandonment, when it attained values similar to those of mature forests. It was positively correlated with the aboveground biomass of deciduous species but negatively correlated with the basal area of evergreen species. Our results show a rapid recovery of litterfall production with successional age of these forests, which may increase with climate changes such as less precipitation, higher temperatures, and higher incidence of hurricanes.
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Hong, Xin-Chen, Guang-Yu Wang, Jiang Liu, and Emily Dang. "Perceived Loudness Sensitivity Influenced by Brightness in Urban Forests: A Comparison When Eyes Were Opened and Closed." Forests 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121242.
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Soundscape plays a positive, health-related role in urban forests, and there is a competitive allocation of cognitive resources between soundscapes and lightscapes. This study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived loudness sensitivity and brightness in urban forests through eye opening and closure. Questionnaires and measuring equipment were used to gather soundscape and lightscape information at 44 observation sites in urban forested areas. Diurnal variations, Pearson’s correlations, and formula derivations were then used to analyze the relationship between perception sensitivity and how perceived loudness sensitivity was influenced by lightscape. Our results suggested that soundscape variation plays a role in audio–visual perception in urban forests. Our findings also showed a gap in perception sensitivity between loudness and brightness, which conducted two opposite conditions bounded by 1.24 dBA. Furthermore, we found that the effect of brightness on perceived loudness sensitivity was limited if variations of brightness were sequential and weak. This can facilitate the understanding of individual perception to soundscape and lightscape in urban forests when proposing suitable design plans.
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PILLAI, THULASYAMMAL RAMIAH, and MAHENDRAN SHITAN. "AN ILLUSTRATION OF GENERALISED ARMA (GARMA) TIME SERIES MODELING OF FOREST AREA IN MALAYSIA." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 09 (January 2012): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512005466.
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Forestry is the art and science of managing forests, tree plantations, and related natural resources. The main goal of forestry is to create and implement systems that allow forests to continue a sustainable provision of environmental supplies and services. Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Forest area of Malaysia has been observed over the years and it can be modeled using time series models. A new class of GARMA models have been introduced in the time series literature to reveal some hidden features in time series data. For these models to be used widely in practice, we illustrate the fitting of GARMA (1, 1; 1, δ) model to the Annual Forest Area data of Malaysia which has been observed from 1987 to 2008. The estimation of the model was done using Hannan-Rissanen Algorithm, Whittle's Estimation and Maximum Likelihood Estimation.
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Boucher, Dominique, Sylvie Gauthier, Nelson Thiffault, William Marchand, Martin Girardin, and Morgane Urli. "How climate change might affect tree regeneration following fire at northern latitudes: a review." New Forests 51, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 543–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-019-09745-6.
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Abstract Climate change is projected to increase fire severity and frequency in the boreal forest, but it could also directly affect post-fire recruitment processes by impacting seed production, germination, and seedling growth and survival. We reviewed current knowledge regarding the effects of high temperatures and water deficits on post-fire recruitment processes of four major tree species (Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana, Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera) in order to anticipate the effects of climate change on forest recovery following fire in the boreal biome. We also produced maps of future vulnerability of post-fire recruitment by combining tree distributions in Canada with projections of temperature, moisture index and fire regime for the 2041–2070 and 2071–2100 periods. Although our review reveals that information is lacking for some regeneration stages, it highlights the response variability to climate conditions between species. The recruitment process of black spruce is likely to be the most affected by rising temperatures and water deficits, but more tolerant species are also at risk of being impacted by projected climate conditions. Our maps suggest that in eastern Canada, tree species will be vulnerable mainly to projected increases in temperature, while forests will be affected mostly by droughts in western Canada. Conifer-dominated forests are at risk of becoming less productive than they currently are, and eventually, timber supplies from deciduous species-dominated forests could also decrease. Our vulnerability maps are useful for prioritizing areas where regeneration monitoring efforts and adaptive measures could be developed.
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Chen, Shuang, Risheng Chen, Xiaorong Zeng, Xing Chen, Xinsheng Qin, Zhuoxin Zhang, and Ye Sun. "Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Conservation Units of Castanopsis sclerophylla (Fagaceae)." Forests 13, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081239.
Full textAbstract:
Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott. is a canopy tree species of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical China. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. sclerophylla were investigated by using chloroplast DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite markers. Permutation tests with chloroplast DNA sequences indicated the presence of phylogeographic structure in C. sclerophylla. Based on nuclear microsatellite markers, Bayesian clustering analysis revealed eastern-to-western differentiation in C. sclerophylla, and the analysis of molecular variance suggested population divergence has arisen along the Xuefeng, Luoxiao, and Wuyi mountain ranges. The approximate Bayesian computation demonstrated that the genetic diversity pattern of C. sclerophylla could be explained by geographic isolation followed by secondary contact. Ecological niche modelling showed that distribution of C. sclerophylla shrank southward at the Last Glacial Maximum and expanded northward at the Mid Holocene. These results suggested that the uplift of the Xuefeng, Luoxiao, and Wuyi mountain ranges and the interglacial–glacial climate change shaped the genetic diversity of C. sclerophylla. The Luoxiao mountain range should be considered as a key conservation unit of C. sclerophylla due to its higher level of genetic diversity. Our study supplies important information for prioritizing the conservation and sustainable utilization of C. sclerophylla, and provides insight on the dynamics of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical China.
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LeDoux, Chris B., Dennis M. May, Tony Johnson, and Richard H. Widmann. "Assessing the Feasibility and Profitability of Cable Logging in Southern Upland Hardwood Forests." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/19.3.97.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Procedures developed to assess available timber supplies from upland hardwood forest statistics reported by the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis unit were modified to assess the feasibility and profitability of cable logging in southern upland hardwood forests. Depending on the harvest system and yarding distance used, cable logging can be profitable in as much as 14% of the area of upland hardwood forests on slopes that are 30% or greater. These slopes contain up to one-quarter of the board-foot volume in the 14-state area that was considered. The majority of the reported inventory that is profitable to log is on private and forest-industry land and would best be harvested by a medium-size yarder such as the Ecologger I. As the average slope yarding distance and yarder size increase, the available inventory that is profitable to log decreases. To achieve profitability with medium-size yarders at an average slope yarding distance of 500 ft, loggers must harvest trees that average at least 13.4 in. in dbh with a volume of at least 9200 bd ft/ac(2,300 ft3/ac). South J. Appl. For. 19(2):97-102.
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Holowacz, J. "Forestry Working Groups/Groupes du travail: The Forests and the New Forest Injury in the Federal Republic of Germany." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 3 (June 1, 1985): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61262-3.
Full textAbstract:
The new forest injury in the Federal Republic of Germany is defined as a complex disease caused by a multiplicity of factors in which air pollution plays a major role. Since 1982, one reconnaissance and two comprehensive forest injury inventories have been carried out. The data from the latest (1984) inventory show that over 50% of the country's forested area has been affected by this new forest injury. Conifers tend to be more severely affected than hardwoods, and trees older than 60 years are more likely to be injured than the younger ones. The consequences of the injury are manifesting themselves in a drastic reduction of growth as well as mortality of, so far, individual trees. A forced removal of "calamity timber" is resulting in the creation of unplanned openings and a distortion of age class distribution. A further spread of the injury, both in area and intensity, will make the Federal Republic even more dependent on foreign timber supplies and in the process, change the appearance of the German landscape. Key words: Actual cut, air pollution, employment in forestry, Federal Republic of Germany, forest fires, forest injuries, growing stock, mean annual increment, "Waldsterben".
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Itaka, Shizu. "Economic Analysis of Cedar Plantation Management and Mega-Solar Replacement." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030361.
Full textAbstract:
Technology related to solar power as a renewable energy resource has increased in recent years. However, in Japan, forestland has been converted into mega-solar power plants with more than 1 MW photovoltaic capacity and such conversions raise significant concerns as they degrade forest ecosystem services. In this study, the profit and power supplies generated by a mega-solar power plant and a cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantation were evaluated. The profit for the cedar plantation was estimated from saw log and wood chip production, and its power supply was estimated from wood chip production alone. These figures were based on an optimal forest management strategy that was generated using a dynamic programming model. In this numerical simulation, it was found that the power supply from the mega-solar power plant was 50–150 times more than that from the cedar plantation. Regarding profit, it was found that the simulated mega-solar power plant provided NPV (net present value) of 8.5–90.6 MM JPY (Japanese Yen)/1–3 ha (0.1–3.0 MM JPY/ha/year), while the forest management simulation generated an NPV of 29,863 JPY/ha/year (for one timber rotation) and SEV (soil expectation value) of 3.6 MM JPY/ha at most. To avoid the conversion of forests into mega-solar power plants, this difference provides a basis for the cost of maintaining forests for ecosystem services and potential economic incentives.
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Benson, C. A. "A Need for Extensive Forest Management." Forestry Chronicle 64, no. 5 (October 1, 1988): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64421-5.
Full textAbstract:
Canada with its large amount of forest land of low productivity should manage the majority of the forest extensively rather than intensively. Extensive management can keep our stumpage rates or subsidies low, and help us remain competitive with the expanding areas of more productive forest in the world. Factors that influence and indicate that extensive management is more feasible than intensive management include: the low average productivity of Canadian forests, stumpage rates or subsidies allocation of present funds, present net value calculations, interest rates, risk factors, non-timber values, technological developments, present natural regeneration, lack of management information, current timber supplies, and protection of the forest. The challenges to the forester are to obtain and practice the extensive management skills necessary to produce a profitable resource for world markets. To meet these challenges will require that foresters treat the growing of trees as a profit source rather than as a cost to the people of Canada. Key words: Extensive management, intensive management, forest management.
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Dove, Michael. "Anthropology Development vs. Development Anthropology: Mediating the Forester-Farmer Relationship in Pakistan." Practicing Anthropology 13, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.13.2.dvl2505187523262.
Full textAbstract:
The Forest Service of Pakistan has concerned itself since colonial times largely with the production, protection, and extraction of trees in the nation's state forests. The only contact that its officers had with most farmers (except large landowners, with whom they had traditional patron-client relations) was to levy punishments for violations of forest laws or gather fees for the use of forest resources. In recent years, the state forests have declined in area and importance, and the need to increase on-farm supplies of tree products and halt resource degradation has increased. As a result, the Government of Pakistan, with the assistance of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), decided to change the basic direction of the Forest Service—away from state lands to private lands, away from commercial to subsistence or mixed subsistence/commercial production, and thus away from the rural elite to the small farmer. The vehicle chosen to accomplish this was the bilaterally funded Forestry Planning and Development Project, Pakistan's first major social forestry project.
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Coch, Thomas, René Bertiller, and Beat Trachsler. "Effiziente Erfassung der Kronendichte mit Hilfe fotografischer Senkrechtaufnahmen | Efficient data assessment of canopy density with the help of vertical photographic exposures." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 156, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2005.0059.
Full textAbstract:
From the point of view of silvicultural and nature protection the canopies of forests represent an important characteristic value. However, conventional forestry methods do not allow for a differentiated ecological assessment of the changed situation of radiation following light tending interventions. The method presented here enables the collection of exact and reproducible values on the actual density of the canopy from the ground, which calls for no specialist demands on workers or equipment. The paper describes the technology of vertical exposures for both analogue and digital photographic technology. In addition, we present a specially developed programme,which allows the automatic evaluation of the digital canopy exposures. We give two examples for areas of application of the method (finely structured map of trees along a water course and documentation of forestry intervention for the resumption of traditional middle forest management). The presented methodology enables an objective assessment of measures to manage the conditions of light in forests (e.g., special forest reserves), which is significantly superior to a visual assessment with regard to accuracy and reproducibility.
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Lavoie, Janie, Miguel Montoro Girona, and Hubert Morin. "Vulnerability of Conifer Regeneration to Spruce Budworm Outbreaks in the Eastern Canadian Boreal Forest." Forests 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100850.
Full textAbstract:
Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) is the main defoliator of conifer trees in North American boreal forests, affecting extensive areas and causing marked losses of timber supplies. In 2017, spruce budworm affected more than 7 million ha of Eastern Canadian forest. Defoliation was particularly severe for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), one of the most important commercial trees in Canada. During the last decades, intensive forest exploitation practices have created vast stands of young balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and black spruce. Most research focused on the impacts of spruce budworm has been on mature stands; its effects on regeneration, however, have been neglected. This study evaluates the impacts of spruce budworm on the defoliation of conifer seedlings (black spruce and balsam fir) in clearcuts. We measured the cumulative and annual defoliation of seedlings within six clearcut black spruce stands in Quebec (Canada) that had experienced severe levels of defoliation due to spruce budworm. For all sampled seedlings, we recorded tree species, height class, and distance to the residual forest. Seedling height and species strongly influenced defoliation level. Small seedlings were less affected by spruce budworm activity. As well, cumulative defoliation for balsam fir was double that of black spruce (21% and 9%, respectively). Distance to residual stands had no significant effect on seedling defoliation. As insect outbreaks in boreal forests are expected to become more severe and frequent in the near future, our results are important for adapting forest management strategies to insect outbreaks in a context of climate change.
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Chebotareva, V. V., P. A. Chebotarev, and V. G. Storozhenko. "To discussion of the Сoncept of the draft Federal law “Forest Code of the Russian Federation”." FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 3, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-2020-3-3-1-7.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the concept of the draft Federal Law of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation put forward by the CEPL staff. The timeliness of such a discussion by the wide professional community is recognized. Proposals are being made to change a number of provisions of the Concept. It is proposed to clarify the status of “wild forests”. The thesis about the inadmissibility of leaving the cutting areas of oak forests for natural overgrowth is emphasized, which leads to the transformation of strategically valuable oak formations of the Central Black Earth Region into significantly less valuable deciduous forests without his participation. The authors support the position on the unacceptability of the existing model of private forest management, which leads to “deterioration of the state of forests, reduction of their economic and ecological potential.” A number of proposals are being made to improve the country’s forestry. It is proposed to restore the Ministry of Forestry, transfer the use of forest resources to state forestry enterprises, staffed with personnel, equipment and machinery for the production of all types of forestry work. To add to the section on the indefinite use of forest plots, research institutions, educational institutions, in the use of which there are forest plots for long-term research. It is necessary to exclude other types of use of forest areas (for example, hunting use), where research or educational activities are carried out.
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García Morote, Francisco Antonio, Manuela Andrés Abellán, Eva Rubio, Iván Pérez Anta, Francisco García Saucedo, and Francisco Ramón López Serrano. "Stem CO2 Efflux as an Indicator of Forests’ Productivity in Relict Juniper Woodlands (Juniperus thurifera L.) of Southern Spain." Forests 12, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101340.
Full textAbstract:
There are considerable uncertainties about the C cycle in semi-arid ecosystems. Hence, studies that have focused on Juniperus in Mediterranean woodlands are non-existent. This study provides a survey of the effect of the juniper woodland type (young and mature woodlands; joint effect of maturity and forest productivity) on stem respiration. We checked the seasonal variation of stem respiration, evaluating the effects of stem temperature on stem CO2 efflux. For this, we measured the stem CO2 efflux (µmol CO2 m−2 s−1) over the four seasons on 16 junipers using LI-6400 equipment. The results showed that in the more productive site (young woodland), the stem CO2 efflux was higher. This variable followed a clear seasonal trend, being higher during the spring and progressively decreasing in cold periods. In both juniper woodlands, and especially in the older forests, the Q10 coefficients were low (<2), typical of cold forests and slow-growing species. The exponential model also confirmed that the Q10 was significantly higher in young juniper trees. Thus, stem CO2 efflux was an indicator of the growth in this juniper woodland that is well adapted to a semi-arid climate.
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Özden, Sezgin, and Üstüner Birben. "Ottoman forestry: socio-economic aspect and its influence today." Ciência Rural 42, no. 3 (March 2012): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782012000300012.
Full textAbstract:
Forestry is an important subject because it supplies wood and timber for direct human consumption, in addition to its positive effects on global warming and on bio-diversity, with a history dating back to antiquity. As a labor-intensive sector in developing countries, it maintains interactions with natural resources management, public relations and socio-economic structure. It can affect the prosperity of countries either positively or negatively. Hence, an analysis of the history of forestry bears importance because it not only sheds light on its past and present condition, but also explains the improvements for the protection of forests. Accordingly, in the first section of this study, general information on the Ottoman Land System and Ottoman Forestry Organization will be given. In the second section, we will treat 19th century westernization movements, as well as socio-cultural and economic changes. The third section will include significant regulations on forestry, forest management, and administration in the Ottoman Empire; as well as the influence of Ottoman forestry on the actual socio-economic structure. In the final section, under the title discussion and conclusion, Ottoman forestry will be examined regarding its consequences in terms of policy, economy and law.
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Phelps, Keith, Patrick Hiesl, Donald Hagan, and Althea Hotaling Hagan. "The Harvest Operability Index (HOI): A Decision Support Tool for Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Mountainous Terrain." Forests 12, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101307.
Full textAbstract:
Forest operations have become increasingly reliant on mechanized harvesting equipment due to their increased production capacities in competitive markets. However, operating heavy machinery in mountainous terrain poses numerous operational and accessibility challenges from steep slopes, erosion risk, and poor road access. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have effectively been used in various studies to identify areas in mountainous landscapes that pose no or reduced constraints for harvesting equipment operation. This study introduces the Harvest Operability Index (HOI), which rates a landscape for wheel-based equipment suitability (i.e., operability) and assesses its application in 13,118 ha of the Jocassee Gorges Natural Resource Area, situated on the Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment in Northwestern South Carolina, USA. The HOI incorporated slope, distance from roads, cost distance from major highways, primary Streamside Management Zones (SMZ), stand age, and soil suitability ratings for harvesting equipment operation. Upon reclassification to a 5-tier suitability scale, the HOI revealed 60% (7824 ha) of the case study area was in a Slope Exclusion Zone, or land area inoperable for wheel-based equipment due to steep slopes. Values of Very Poor and Poor Operability occupied less than 1% (213 ha) of land area whereas Moderate Operability values were 9% of the land area (1257 ha). Values of Good Operability occupied 18% (2442 ha) of the study area and values of Very Good Operability occupied 10% (1381 ha). These results reflected the challenges of mechanized harvesting in the study area due to a preponderance of steep slopes and poorly suited soil. Our model delineated areas of high equipment operability in two locations in the study area, despite a lack of recent logging activity around them. Results of the HOI analysis offer an accessible way for forest managers to better prioritize logging operations in areas that are highly operable and therefore more likely to possess lower overall harvesting costs, for wheel-based harvesting systems. The HOI can also be used as an asset for other forest management priorities, such as identifying highly operable areas that can use timber harvesting for fuel reduction and ecological restoration in fire-dependent forests. This model can be applied to various other regions where mountainous terrain poses a limitation to wheel-based harvesting equipment operation- and where wheel-based equipment is essential to advance the pace and scale of harvesting for ecological restoration.
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Procházka, Petr, Vladimír Honig, Jiří Bouček, Kateřina Hájková, Lukáš Trakal, Jana Soukupová, and Hynek Roubík. "Availability and Applicability of Wood and Crop Residues for the Production of Wood Composites." Forests 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050641.
Full textAbstract:
Due to high levels of volatility in both the agricultural and the forestry commodity markets, specifically, of timber and agricultural crops, it is important to identify the risks associated with the stability of supplies necessary for the production of composite materials in the Czech Republic. This study aims to accurately estimate the availability of selected raw materials that contain lignocellulose over the next 20 years. In addition, their suitability for the production of composite materials is assessed based on their physical properties. Furthermore, in the event of scarcity involving timber in the European Union, recycled wood and post-harvest residues could replace conventional raw materials in wood-based composites such as particleboards and chipboards. The viable potential of Czech forests is predicted to be between 740 and 750 million cubic meters of timber. For agricultural crops, it is estimated at 0.9 million hectares of wheat and 0.5 million hectares of canola under the current EU biofuel policy and at 0.4 million hectares if this policy is removed. According to moisture and fibre analyses carried out in our study, the most suitable candidate for wood-based composites production is soft wood.
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Nowak, David, Jack Stevens, Susan Sisinni, and Christopher Luley. "Effects of Urban Tree Management and Species Selection on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 28, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2002.017.
Full textAbstract:
Trees sequester and store carbon in their tissue at differing rates and amounts based on such factors as tree size at maturity, life span, and growth rate. Concurrently, tree care practices release carbon back to the atmosphere based on fossil-fuel emissions from maintenance equipment (e.g., chain saws, trucks, chippers). Management choices such as tree locations for energy conservation and tree disposal methods after removal also affect the net carbon effect of the urban forest. Different species, decomposition, energy conservation, and maintenance scenarios were evaluated to determine how these factors influence the net carbon impact of urban forests and their management. If carbon (via fossil-fuel combustion) is used to maintain vegetation structure and health, urban forest ecosystems eventually will become net emitters of carbon unless secondary carbon reductions (e.g., energy conservation) or limiting decomposition via long-term carbon storage (e.g., wood products, landfills) can be accomplished to offset the maintenance carbon emissions. Management practices to maximize the net benefits of urban forests on atmospheric carbon dioxide are discussed.
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Naskrent, Bartłomiej, Witold Grzywiński, Adrian Łukowski, and Krzysztof Polowy. "Influence of Cutting Attachment on Noise Level Emitted by Brush Cutter during Tending of Young Forests." Croatian journal of forest engineering 41, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2020.657.
Full textAbstract:
A brush cutter is the most frequently used equipment for tending young forests. When cutting unwanted vegetation, the operator is exposed to various harmful factors, such as: a forced body position, noise, vibrations and exhaust emissions. In this study, the impact of cutting attachment type on the noise level during tending of young pine stands was examined. The attachments used during the tests included: a wire head and cutting blades with 2, 3 and 24 cutting teeth. The research was carried out on 2–3 year old Scots pine plantations covered with three types of vegetation: herbaceous, mixed and woody. It was proven that the the wire head was the device that generated the highest level of noise. In the case of cutting blades, the number of cutting teeth was the important factor. The greater the number of teeth in the cutting blades, the lower the noise level the device produced. There was no significant influence of vegetation type on noise emission level. Based on the results, in order to minimize operators’ exposure to noise, the use of wire cutting attachment should be limited.
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Cline, Michael L., Benjamin F. Hoffman, Michael Cyr, and William Bragg. "Stand Damage Following Whole-Tree Partial Cutting in Northern Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.2.72.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Eighteen mechanically harvested, partially cut hard- and mixed-wood stands in New England were examined to determine the extent of logging damage. Frequency of crop tree damage averaged 9.6%. Tree injury, both incidence and severity, was not related to location relative to skid trails or landings. Variations in damage level between sites was not explained by numbers of trees per acre, size of trees, or basal area prior to or after harvest, but cover type, rockiness, and season of harvest in combination accounted for a small part of the site-to-site differences. Residual stand damage appeared to be most influenced by the care in harvest planning and the experience of the equipment operators. North. J. Appl. For. 8(2):72-76.
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Gan, Jianbang, H. Michael Rauscher, C. T. Smith, Sarah Ashton, Larry Biles, Daniel Cassidy, Darwin Foster, et al. "The Southern US Forest Bioenergy Encyclopedia: Making Scientific Knowledge More Accessible." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/32.1.28.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Production of forest biomass in sustainably managed forests in the southern United States has great potential to improve forest health, make energy supplies more secure, and increase the social and economic welfare of rural communities. The awareness and access of landowners and forestry and natural resource professionals to new knowledge and market development opportunities must be increased, and new technological advances in knowledge dissemination systems can be very useful in this connection. The Encyclopedia of Southern Bioenergy was developed within The Forest Encyclopedia Network (www.forestencyclopedia.net/) to facilitate the transfer of useable knowledge from scientific experts in bioenergy and bio-based products to natural resource professionals, landowners, and the general public. Using the encyclopedia as a base, a team of bioenergy and extension education experts has developed several new educational products. These materials are designed as components of an overall biomass training program for the South that is being disseminated through the Southern Regional Extension Forest network.
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Ivanova, Anna, Svetlana Morkovina, and Ekaterina Panyavina. "PRIORITIES OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 10, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2022-10-4-164-180.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of a study of trends in the technological development of forestry, including a list of promising technologies that ensure an increase in the competitiveness of the industry, the priority integrated areas of scientific and technological development of forestry of the Russian Federation are presented. Based on the conducted expert analysis, a forecast assessment of the prospects for certain technological and scientific areas in the context of the presented enlarged groups of priorities for the development of forestry in the Russian Federation is presented. It has been proved that the most popular forestry practices are studies aimed at creating technology for protecting forests from fires, protecting forests from invasion, as well as forest engineering, robotics and digital technologies. Furthermore, based on the analysis of bibliographic and abstract databases, the main technologies were identified that ensure the development of promising areas of scientific and technological development of forestry in the context of each priority. As a result, it has been found that there is a growing interest of researchers in the research area «Evaluation of productivity, growth, deposit capacity of forest ecosystems». One of the conclusions is that substantiated proposals were made regarding the prospects for the scientific and technological development of forestry in the Russian Federation regarding the practice-oriented areas necessary for forestry production, and science-oriented areas that determine future scientific breakthroughs in the field of new technologies and equipment.
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Vaughn, Christopher, Thomas Straka, Donald Ham, Roy Hedden, and Kevin Thorpe. "Costs Associated with Urban Gypsy Moth Control by Arborists: A Case Study." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 23, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1997.028.
Full textAbstract:
The European gypsy moth, (Lymantria dispart.) is an introduced forest pest that has significantly impacted hardwood forests and urban environments in the northeastern United States. In urban settings, homeowners allocate significant financial resources to mitigate gypsy moth damage. The objective of this study was to assess the costs of gypsy moth control-related services provided by arborists to homeowners. At present, cost information on this type of service is unavailable to urban resource managers. Urban cost data will allow for comparisons of treatment alternatives between residential and other urban situations. Cost data were obtained from two large commercial tree care companies operating in the northeastern United States. From these data, an average hourly rate of $104.70 was developed for the two companies (excluding materials). This rate was broken down into five major components: (1) labor, (2) overhead, (3) equipment, (4) mobilization, and (5) profit. Labor, overhead, and equipment costs accounted for approximately 48% of the total cost to the customer. Mobilization cost which included travel and setup time accounted for approximately 15%. The materials cost varied depending on the type of treatment chosen. Data reported in this study are limited to hydraulic application
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Popikov, P., Petr Popikov, Andrey Sharov, Aleksandr Petkov, and Anton Pozdnyakov. "INFLUENCE OF OPERATING MODES OF FOREST FIRE SOIL-THROWING MACHINE WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE ON EFFICIENCY INDICATORS." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.1/25.
Full textAbstract:
Many areas of human activity, in particular, agriculture and the timber industry, use technological machines and
equipment having in their arsenal a hydraulic system for supplying pressure to the used units for soil cultivation,
sowing, cutting, rooting out and many others. The article discusses the use of an energy-saving hydraulic drive. It
provides experimental data on its use in a forest fire soil-throwing machine. The experiment was carried out using the
LHT-55 forestry tractor, on the rear hitch of which a laboratory sample of a fire-fighting soil-throwing machine with a
rotor-thrower drive from a hydraulic motor has been mounted. An adjustable hydraulic pump is installed on the rear
frame of LHT-55 tractor, on which there is a regulator of the volume of supplied fluid. In the course of experimental
studies we used the methods, specified in State Standard 20915–2011, Industrial Standard 70.2.16–73. During the
experiments, the main indicators of the efficiency of forest fire-fighting soil-throwing machine have been determined:
the maximum surge in the pressure of the working fluid in the hydraulic drive for the duty cycle Pm; the energy stored
by the pneumohydraulic accumulator in one working cycle Pm (operation of the safety valve); the maximum energy that
a pneumohydraulic accumulator with these parameters is able to accumulate per line kilometer or per shift Eav;, average
range of the soil throwing Lav and the thickness of the soil layer depending on the distance of throw T. A large number
of selected determining factors made it possible to depict graphically obtained data and conduct a visual analysis to
obtain the most effective operating modes of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with an energy-saving hydraulic drive.
The paper presents the rationale for the new design of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with an energy-saving
hydraulic drive. The dependences of the efficiency indicators of working flows on the design and technological
parameters of a forest fire soil-throwing machine have been obtained.
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Page-Dumroese, Deborah S., Carlos Rodriguez Franco, James G. Archuleta, Marcus E. Taylor, Kraig Kidwell, Jeffrey C. High, and Kathleen Adam. "Forest Biomass Policies and Regulations in the United States of America." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091415.
Full textAbstract:
Using woody biomass from public lands could attract private investments, increase carbon dioxide emission reductions from sustainably harvested low-grade wood to mitigate climate change, provide benefits for the environment, and support rural community economies. Available for use are about 210 million oven dry tons (in the western U.S. alone) of small-diameter wood and harvest residues that could be removed through hazard-fuel treatments and used for bioenergy and bioproducts; representing an economic value of approximately USD 5.97 billion (109). Reaching that utilization goal requires an assessment of current U.S. policies, regulations and directives influencing the use of forest biomass and identification of barriers, challenges, and potential opportunities associated with the use of woody biomass from public lands. One objective of this review is to support the implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA-FS) new effort called “Confronting the Wildfire Crisis: A Strategy for Protecting Communities and Improving Resilience in America’s Forests”, but greater coordination of public policies (regulatory legislation, government subsidies, support programs) at different government levels could increase adoption of forest biomass for bioenergy and bioproducts while also promoting different supply chains for long-term biomass supplies and industry investments. Harmonizing the definition of key biomass terms used by different programs that support using forest biomass for bioenergy and other bioproducts, including the Renewable Fuel Standard, may increase forest biomass use from public lands.
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Pote, Jonathan W., Charles L. Wax, and Bob L. Karr. "Effects of Climate and Soil Type Interactions on Probable Work Days with Harvest Equipment in Mississippi and Alabama Forests." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 4 (November 1, 2000): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/24.4.213.
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Abstract A computer model predicted soil moisture in three climate zones with three soil textures. A 30 yr daily simulation provided probable work days for the nine combinations. Criteria for work days were soil moisture capacities less than 95% of maximum for sandy soils, 80% for loamy soils, and 65% for clay soils. Results indicate that sandy soils in the inland zone allow 233 work days/yr at the 50% probability level, whereas clay soils there allow only 140 days at that level. In the coastal zone sandy soils allow 252 work days/yr at the 50% level and clay soils allow 122 days at that level. These results were produced at ten probability levels for all soil types and all zones, as well as for each month. Applied examples of uses of the results are included. South. J. Appl. For. 24(4):213-218.
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Martins, Paula Cristina Caruana, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, Ernesto Norio Takahashi, and Diego Tassinari. "Soil compaction during harvest operations in five tropical soils with different textures under eucalyptus forests." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 1 (February 2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018421005217.
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ABSTRACT Traffic of farm machinery during harvest and logging operations has been identified as the main source of soil structure degradation in forestry activity. Soil susceptibility to compaction and the amount of compaction caused by each forest harvest operation differs according to a number of factors (such as soil strength, soil texture, kind of equipment, traffic intensity, among many others), what requires the adequate assessment of soil compaction under different traffic conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine the susceptibility to compaction of five soil classes with different textures under eucalyptus forests based on their load bearing capacity models; and to determine, from these models and the precompression stresses obtained after harvest operations, the effect of traffic intensity with different equipment in the occurrence of soil compaction. Undisturbed soil samples were collected before and after harvest operations, being then subjected to uniaxial compression tests to determine their precompression stress. The coarse-textured soils were less resistant and endured greater soil compaction. In the clayey LVd2, traffic intensity below four Forwarder passes limited compaction to a third of the samples, whereas in the sandy loam PVd all samples from the 0-3 cm layer were compacted regardless of traffic intensity. The Feller Buncher and the Clambunk presented a high potential to cause soil compaction even with only one or two passes. The use of soil load bearing capacity models and precompression stress determined after harvest and logging operations allowed insight into the soil compaction process in forestry soils.
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MacIsaac, D. A., S. Lux, D. Sidders, and I. Edwards. "Hotchkiss River Mixedwood Timber Harvesting Study." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75435-3.
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The Hotchkiss River Mixedwood Timber Harvesting Study is a cooperative project involving Canadian Forest Service, Daishowa-Marubeni International Ltd., Manning Diversified Forest Products Ltd., the Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada and Alberta Land and Forest Service aimed at developing new approaches to natural regeneration and harvesting systems for western Canada's boreal mixedwood forests, at a site near the Hotchkiss River in northwestern Alberta. The study used conventional harvesting equipment to test eleven harvesting and silvicultural systems designed to protect and minimize wind damage to immature white spruce residuals and encourage vigorous hardwood regeneration following harvest of the aspen overstory. Research areas include wind damage, wind firmness and growth response of the immature white spruce, effects of harvesting disturbance and timing on soil properties, conifer and hardwood regeneration after harvest, efficiency of equipment and harvesting costs, modelling of wind flow and long-term growth and yield. Already in its sixth year, the project has a planned 20year series of harvests and surveys. Technology transfer is an important component of this study for delivery and promotion of research results on behalf of the proponents and all related research collaborators. Products include demonstration maps and field guides, self-guided tour trails with interpretive signage and field tours (including active operations) as required. Hotchkiss River has also been designated a Forest Ecosystem Research Network (FERN) site. Key words: silviculture systems, white spruce, Picea glauca, aspen, Populus tremuloides, understory protection, harvesting, Alberta, boreal mixedwoods, technology transfer
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Bütler, Michael. "Verantwortlichkeit bei waldtypischen Gefahren: Beispiele aus der Gerichtspraxis." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 167, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2016.0082.
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Responsibility for forest-linked dangers: examples from legal practice According to the Forest Policy 2020 of the Federal Council the share of old and dead wood should increase in Swiss forests. On the one hand, this is connected to positive ecological effects but on the other, to dangers, responsibilities and liability risks. Recent court and administrative decisions relating to accidents due to typical forest hazards such as falling trees and branches illustrate the legal situation for forest owners and enterprises as well as for forestry professionals. In the wooded environment near buildings and equipment there are obligations for the safety of traffic and passers-by. However, these obligations are limited by the reasonableness of protective measures and the personal responsibility of forest users. In this paper, the liability issue is illustrated by three legal case studies. The cases are assessed by the author, and the essential legal basis for liability is briefly summarized.
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Novikov, A., Vladan Ivetich, Sergey Nikulin, Dmitriy Demidov, and E. Petrishchev. "FRONTIER TECHNIQUE OF CREATING PROTECTIVE FORESTS STANDS AROUND NURSERIES ON INEFFICIENT SITES: TECHNOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS." Forestry Engineering Journal 12, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/10.
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The technique can be used in forestry when creating and modeling protective forest stands around nursery’s objects. The equipment is designed for sites that are difficult to restore or inaccessible to ground-based mechanization and human means. Hard-to-recover sites are defined as: 1) released as a result of deforestation, including fire, ineffective for the operational technology of ground-based sowing or planting; 2) released as a result of fires, ineffective for the operational technology of ground seeding or planting; 3) inaccessible to ground-based mechanization facilities for climatic and geomorphological reasons; 4) inaccessible to people due to the complication of the radiation background and (or) after man-made disasters. The technique provides for accelerating the process of creating forests and improving environmental safety for the environment by reducing the number of operations that violate the forest ecosystem, using environmentally friendly energy sources in unmanned aerial vehicles, equipment and devices used in all groups of operations, improving environmental safety for humans by enabling the implementation of the method without the presence of an operator directly at the site of the groups of operations, reducing the cost of performing energy-intensive and time-consuming operations for preparing sites, transportation of forest reproductive material to the place of preliminary preparation and back
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Pezdevšek Malovrh, Špela, Dženan Bećirović, Bruno Marić, Jelena Nedeljković, Stjepan Posavec, Nenad Petrović, and Mersudin Avdibegović. "Contribution of Forest Stewardship Council Certification to Sustainable Forest Management of State Forests in Selected Southeast European Countries." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080648.
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In recent decades, the concept of forest certification under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has been widely adopted in selected Southeast European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia). As sustainability is traditionally recognised as a leading principle in the forest management doctrine in these countries, the aim of this study was to understand whether, and how, FSC forest certification contributes to the sustainable management of state forests. The research was carried out in two phases. First, in order to assess forest management compliance with FSC standard, non-conformities for the period 2014–2018, identified in audit Public Summary Reports, were analysed in all public companies that managed state-owned forests in selected countries. Further, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the professionals responsible for forest certification in these companies were conducted (n = 11) to determine the contribution of forest certification to the economic, ecological, and social aspects of sustainable forest management. In total, 185 non-conformities were analysed. The results showed that FSC certification was successful in addressing certain problems in forest management practices and contributed to sustainable forest management, mainly covering social and ecological issues. The most frequently identified non-conformities were those related to FSC Principle 4 Community relations and worker’s rights (32.3% of all non-conformities) and Principle 6 Environmental impact (30.4% of all non-conformities). The contribution of FSC certification to sustainable forest management is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Worker’s rights; health and safety of employees; availability of appropriate personal protective equipment; consultation with local people and interest groups; awareness of environmental impacts of forestry operations; waste disposal and storage of fuel; improving the image of forest companies and maintenance of high-conservation-value forests. The majority of non-conformities were minor and required procedural changes to be closed. Moreover, there are no statistically significant differences between the countries with regard to the number of non-conformities for all principles. It can be concluded that FSC certification, as a market-driven mechanism, plays an important role by influencing forest management practices and business operations of public forest companies in a positive manner.
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Stańczykiewicz, Arkadiusz, Dariusz Kulak, Krzysztof Leszczyński, Grzegorz Szewczyk, and Paweł Kozicki. "Effectiveness and Injury Risk during Timber Forwarding with a Quad Bike in Early Thinning." Forests 12, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121626.
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Within the majority of forest areas where timber is harvested for industrial and energy purposes, working technologies using highly efficient multi-operational machinery and equipment are employed. The situation is different in fragmented, privately owned forests. In such forests, timber harvesting is mainly based on motor-manual technologies with a high proportion of manual labor, both at the stage of felling and timber processing and at the stage of its transport. The study aimed to characterize the work time structure of the ATV unit driver and his helper, to determine the productivity of this team, and to estimate the risk of injury during manual loading and unloading. Based on the data collected during the field research, the theoretical work time structure, work productivity and costs, and injury risk were estimated as a result of using a professional small trailer equipped with a hydraulic crane for timber forwarding, designed for aggregation with the ATV. The average, calculated productivity of timber forwarding (over an average distance of about 500 m) with manual loading and unloading was almost twice as low as the estimated average productivity of forwarding with mechanical loading and unloading using a hydraulic crane. The total unit costs (including labor costs) of forwarding with manual loading and unloading were almost threefold higher than those of forwarding using a trailer with a hydraulic crane. The use of small forest trailers equipped with a hydraulic crane not only ensures higher productivity and cost effectiveness but also allows reducing (even by several percent) the inconvenience of manual timber handling and the risk of strain of the musculoskeletal system.