Journal articles on the topic 'Forestry machinery chain'
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1
Sivakov, Vladimir V., Anatolij N. Zaikin, and Elena V. Sheveleva. "Design Improvement of the Forestry Chain Saws." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-1-116-125.
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At the present time cutting of trees, delimbing, and crosscutting with gasoline-powered saws and logging machines are carried out in the forestry cutting area operations with the help of chain saws. Therefore, the efficiency of forestry work depends on the reliability and performance of the chain saw machine. The problem of increasing the reliability of sawing machines, increasing their service life becomes particularly relevant due to a sharp decrease in the volume of logging with the use of multi-operator logging machines. In this regard, the wide use of efficient motor tools, improvement of their design, especially the chain saw machine, with regard to reducing the harmful effect on the operator is of great importance. Poor quality and performance of domestic machinery has led to the fact that mainly imported tools are used in Russia, while their price and maintenance costs are constantly increasing and, consequently, the cost of harvested wood increases too. In this regard, it is important to develop and introduce new, more perfect tool designs that are not only as good as the reliability and performance of the imported equipment, but even much better. Taking it into account, we can consider that the issue of chain saw research with regard to the specifics of its design, as well as its science-based improvement will increase the operational performance and reliability of machines, which is important for the logging industry. One of the main causes of saw unit failures is the increased wear of its components accompanied by the improper saw chain tensioning. Currently, the proposed devices for regulating the tension of the saw chain require periodic stopping of the saw, as none of the devices provides its automatic tensioning. Thus, the purpose of the research is to improve the reliability and service life of chain saws of forestry machinery on the basis of improving the design that provides automatic tensioning of the saw chain. The paper describes the design solutions to improve the saw machine, that is the design of the device that provides automatic tensioning of the saw chain when the saw bar is fixed, allowing to increase the reliability and service life of chain saws, to reduce the chain slipping during the work, which will increase the safety of work and reduce the risk of injury to the operator.
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Maktoubian, Jamal, Mohammad Sadegh Taskhiri, and Paul Turner. "Intelligent Predictive Maintenance (IPdM) in Forestry: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities." Forests 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111495.
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The feasibility of reliably generating bioenergy from forest biomass waste is intimately linked to supply chain and production processing costs. These costs are, at least in part, directly related to assumptions about the reliability and cost-efficiency of the machinery used along the forestry bioenergy supply chain. Although mechanization in forestry operations has advanced in the last 20 years, it is evident that challenges remain in relation to production capability, standardization of wood quality, and supply guarantee from forestry resources because of the age and reliability of the machinery. An important component in sustainable bioenergy from biomass supply chains will be confidence in consistent production costs linked to guarantees about harvest and haulage machinery reliability. In this context, this paper examines the issue of machinery maintenance and advances in machine learning and big data analysis that are contributing to improved intelligent prediction that is aiding supply chain reliability in bioenergy from woody biomass. The concept of “Industry 4.0” refers to the integration of numerous technologies and business processes that are transforming many aspects of conventional industries. In the realm of machinery maintenance, the dramatic increase in the capacity to dynamically collect, collate, and analyze data inputs including maintenance archive data, sensor-based monitoring, and external environmental and contextual variables. Big data analytics offers the potential to enhance the identification and prediction of maintenance (PdM) requirements. Given that estimates of costs associated with machinery maintenance vary between 20% and 60% of the overall costs, the need to find ways to better mitigate these costs is important. While PdM has been shown to help, it is noticeable that to-date there has been limited assessment of the impacts of external factors such as weather condition, operator experiences and/or operator fatigue on maintenance costs, and in turn the accuracy of maintenance predictions. While some researchers argue these data are captured by sensors on machinery components, this remains to be proven and efforts to enhance weighted calibrations for these external factors may further contribute to improving the prediction accuracy of remaining useful life (RUL) of machinery. This paper reviews and analyzes underlying assumptions embedded in different types of data used in maintenance regimes and assesses their quality and their current utility for predictive maintenance in forestry. The paper also describes an approach to building ‘intelligent’ predictive maintenance for forestry by incorporating external variables data into the computational maintenance model. Based on these insights, the paper presents a model for an intelligent predictive maintenance system (IPdM) for forestry and a method for its implementation and evaluation in the field.
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Baghizadeh, Komeyl, Dominik Zimon, and Luay Jum’a. "Modeling and Optimization Sustainable Forest Supply Chain Considering Discount in Transportation System and Supplier Selection under Uncertainty." Forests 12, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12080964.
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In recent decades, the forest industry has been growingly expanded due to economic conditions, climate changes, environmental and energy policies, and intense demand changes. Thus, appropriate planning is required to improve this industry. To achieve economic, social and environmental goals, a supply chain network is designed based on a multi-period and multi-product Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) model in which the objective is to maximize the profit, minimize detrimental environmental effects, improve social effects, and minimize the number of lost demands. In addition, to improve forest industry planning, strategic and tactical decisions have been implemented throughout the supply chain for all facilities, suppliers and machinery. These decisions significantly help to improve processes and product flows and to meet customers’ needs. In addition, because of the presence of uncertainty in some parameters, the proposed model was formulated and optimized under uncertainty using the hybrid robust possibilistic programming (HRPP-II) approach. The ε-constraint technique was used to solve the multi-objective model, and the Lagrangian relaxation (LR) method was utilized to solve the model of more complex dimensions. A case study in Northern Iran was conducted to assess the efficiency of the suggested approach. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the impact of important parameters on objective functions. The results of this study show that increasing the working hours of machines instead of increasing their number, increasing the capacity of some facilities instead of establishing new facilities and expanding the transport fleet has a significant impact on achieving predetermined goals.
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Perić, Milica, Mirko Komatina, Dragi Antonijević, Branko Bugarski, and Željko Dželetović. "Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Miscanthus Crop for Sustainable Household Heating in Serbia." Forests 9, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9100654.
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This paper investigates the environmental impacts and energy benefits of the cultivation of Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.), in order to initiate its use in sustainable household heating in the Republic of Serbia. Based on the analysis of available data regarding the use of agricultural machinery in Serbia, a Miscanthus supply chain is constructed and examined in detail, scrutinizing all relevant operations—from planting of rhizomes to thermal energy production. Results of the life cycle assessment identify the briquetting process as the most environmentally burdensome operation due to high electricity consumption and low productivity. It is concluded that an average yield of 23.5 t dry matter (d.m.) year−1 obtained from 1 ha of chernozem soil would have energy output:energy input (EO:EI) ratio of 51:1, and would release 365.5 gigajoules (GJ) of heat during combustion in a boiler. With this amount of energy, around 383 m2 of a free-standing family house in Serbia can be heated annually. The same amount of energy is obtained by the combustion of 22 t of lignite or 23 t of wood logs. The substitution of lignite and wood with Miscanthus briquettes would lead to significant reduction of CO2 equivalents (eq), SO2 eq, P eq, N eq, 1,4 dichlorobenzene (1,4-DB) eq, Non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC), PM10 eq and U235 eq emissions. This designates Miscanthus as a more sustainable energy solution for household heating. In instances where more modern agricultural machinery is used, emission reduction is higher, except for CO2 eq due to higher emission factors predicted for more powerful engines. Depending on Miscanthus’ annual yield, the replacement of set-aside land with Miscanthus plantations result in carbon (C) sequestration from 0.08 t C ha−1 year−1 to 0.91 t C ha−1 year−1. In a modern machinery scenario, C sequestration is only attainable when maximal Miscanthus yield is obtained. The combined use of machinery with different engine power is the best option for Miscanthus cultivation in Serbia.
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Blanc, Simone, Federico Lingua, Livio Bioglio, Ruggero Pensa, Filippo Brun, and Angela Mosso. "Implementing Participatory Processes in Forestry Training Using Social Network Analysis Techniques." Forests 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080463.
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Public participation has become an important driver in increasing public acceptance of policy decisions, especially in the forestry sector, where conflicting interests among the actors are frequent. Stakeholder Analysis, complemented by Social Network Analysis techniques, was used to support the participatory process and to understand the complex relationships and the strong interactions among actors. This study identifies the forestry training sector stakeholders in the Western Italian Alps and describes their characteristics and priorities, in relation to training activities on entrepreneurial topics for forestry loggers. The hierarchy among actors has been identified, highlighting their respective roles and influence in decision-making processes. A lack of mutual communication among different and well-separated categories of actors has been identified, while good connections between stakeholders, operating in different territories, despite the presence of administrative and logistical barriers, have been observed. Training is a topic involving actors with different roles and interests. Nevertheless, all actors consider training about how to improve yields of forest operations and how to assess investments, particularly in innovative machinery, to be crucially important and conducive to a better comprehension of the wood supply chain and the enhancement of the raw material.
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Väätäinen, Kari, Perttu Anttila, Lars Eliasson, Johanna Enström, Juha Laitila, Robert Prinz, and Johanna Routa. "Roundwood and Biomass Logistics in Finland and Sweden." Croatian journal of forest engineering 42, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2021.803.
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Logistics of roundwood and biomass comprise a high number of operations, machinery, storage sites and transportable roundwood and biomass assortments. Moreover, complex and highly varying operational environment through the year poses logistics challenges incurring additional costs. An extensive review of studies was conducted in Sweden and Finland concerning roundwood and biomass logistics, starting from roadside landings and ending with delivery to a mill or a conversion facility. The main aim of the review was to describe trends in roundwood and biomass logistics since the start of the century. Papers were classified to categories of truck transports and roads, terminals, multimodal transports, storage and supply chain logistics. Slightly over 50% of reviewed articles were constrained to biomass only, 31% to roundwood only and 14% to both. Rapid technology development, amendments concerning road transports, increasing environmental concerns and forestry sector’s push to decrease the logistics costs can be seen as the biggest drivers for the reviewed studies and their study objectives. These aspects will also drive and increase the demand for research and development in roundwood and biomass logistics in the future.
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Tolosana, Eduardo, Raquel Bados, Rubén Laina, Narcis Mihail Bacescu, and Teresa de la Fuente. "Forest Biomass Collection from Systematic Mulching on Post-Fire Pine Regeneration with BioBaler WB55: Productivity, Cost and Comparison with a Conventional Treatment." Forests 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12080979.
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Post-wildfire regenerated Mediterranean pine stands have a high risk of wildfire recurrence. Preventive clearings are frequently applied in a mix of systematic and selective ways, being a potential biomass source using technologies such as the collector-bundler BioBaler WB55. Our research aimed to compare the BioBaler with a chain mulcher performing systematic mulching of 50% vs. 67% of stand surface over 11.4 ha dominated by Pinus pinaster Ait. regenerated after a severe wildfire. Time studies included the machinery GPS follow-up and the weighing of each produced bale. Environmental aspects were also assessed. A regression curve related BioBaler weight productivity (odt·Workh−1) to pine biovolume (cover (%) average tree height, m). Surface productivity (stand ha·Workh−1) was greater for both technologies when a lower percentage of the total surface was cleared, but less than theoretically predicted. The BioBaler’s economic balance, including the cost of further selective clearing and the income from biomass selling, was costlier than that of the mulcher—in the most representative strata, 475 EUR·ha−1 vs. 350 EUR·ha−1. Under the studied conditions, BioBaler was not economically competitive with the conventional treatment, its main constraint being low collection efficiency (31% of the standing biomass in the cleared surface, 5.33 out of 17.1 fresh tonnes·ha−1).
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Savenkov, Dmitriy, Nadezhda Savenkova, Mikhail Derbin, and Aleksandr Tret'yakov. "ROTARY REPLACEMENT OF SAW CHAINS AS A WAY TO INCREASE HARVESTER PRODUCTIVITY." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.2/20.
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Annually in the North-West of Russia, the percentage of cutting using assorted harvesting technology is increased. As a result, the issue of increasing productivity of forestry machines is becoming increasingly important. One of the key points is the proper maintenance and operation of equipment, in particular a saw of a harvester head. However, the experiments show that the operators of logging machines do not know the rules or, often, neglect the need for proper and timely maintenance of the saw apparatus. The condition of the saw chains and the saw apparatus as a whole is directly reflected in the performance of forestry machines. One way to solve this problem may be to use the method of rotational replacement of saw chains. During the study, a series of field experiments were conducted at a logging enterprise located in the Arkhangelsk region. The aim of the experiment was to determine the most optimal method of using saw chains. It will increase the productivity of multioperational forestry machines. As a result of the study, it was found that the saw chain replacement system currently used in enterprises does not have sufficient efficiency and requires changes. In this paper, we use the method of rotational replacement of saw chains, which, based on practical and theoretical observations, increases the time of clean sawing, the volume of harvested wood on one chain and, accordingly, increases the productivity of the forestry machine. This work, in general, helps increase the efficiency of harvesters, as well as reduce the cost of consumables.
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Rukomojnikov, Konstantin, Aleksandr Mokhirev, Albert Burgonutdinov, Olga Kunickaya, Roman Voronov, and Igor Grigorev. "Network planning of the technological chain for timber land development." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 19, no. 2 (2021): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-28819.
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Making managerial decisions when choosing a variant of the technological chain for logging is complicated by the variety of natural and climatic conditions. The climatic features of the periods affect the productivity of technological machines and the cost of implementation. This research suggests using network planning to determine the technological chain of timber land development. The purpose of the research is construction of multi-purpose network models for planning the technological chain of logging operations in various production conditions of forestry enterprises operation. These models are aimed at making it possible to conduct calculations to increase the efficiency of labour, materials, funds, equipment distribution with the maximum reduction in the cost of logged products. As a result of the analysis of possible options for technological chains, several network models for the implementation of logging technological processes have been built.
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Drapalyuk, Mikhail, Vladimir Stasyuk, and Vladimir Zelikov. "NEW DESIGNS OF UNIVERSAL PLANTING MACHINES FOR PLANTING SEEDLINGS WITH OPEN AND CLOSED ROOT SYSTEMS." Forestry Engineering Journal 11, no. 4 (January 31, 2022): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.4/10.
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Currently, in the Russian Federation, a large number of areas require reforestation. Introduction of new technologies in artificial reforestation (planting seedlings with a closed root system) requires the use of new means of mechanization when planting seedlings. The assessment of the degree of similarity and difference of the selected structures was carried out on the basis of statistical analysis (hierarchical classification). The country's industry practically does not produce tree planting machines for planting seedlings with a closed root system. Imported specimens of forest planting machines are expensive, require aggregation with heavy equipment, which is practically absent in forestry. In addition, climatic conditions may also be a limitation in the use of imported equipment. In connection with the above, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies has developed designs of universal planting machines with rotary and chain planting mechanisms. They enable planting of both standard seedling and seedlings with closed root system. The use of universal tree planting machines in forestry enables to keep one tree planting machine instead of two specialized ones. This will significantly save on maintenance and storage of mechanisms
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Stepka, Thiago Floriani, and Klerysson Julio Farias. "ASSORTMENT DOWNGRADE CORRECTION FOR CLEAR CUT OF Pinus taeda L. WITH USE OF TRANSITION MATRIX." FLORESTA 51, no. 4 (September 28, 2021): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i4.73576.
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It is very important that the quantification of a forest's stock is determined efficiently and accurately, in such a way that more detailed information is desirable for the knowledge of the different multiproducts originated. However, the use of taper functions, a precise adjustment method for determining the assortments, does not foresee the appearance of defects in the stem that could disqualify the logs during the forest harvest. This study aimed to use the transition matrix method, a model traditionally used for predict the diametric structure of uneven-aged forests, to correct assortment estimates made by tapering functions, such as failures in tree processing, that provide a disqualification of the logs in the market values. Adapting the concept of the Markov Chain, for the correction of the assortment downgrade, the transition of the assortment classes can be obtained by dividing the actual volume obtained after the operation of the harvesting machine by the volume estimated by the tapering function. In this case, applying this alternative to the clear cut of a 16-year-old Pinus taeda plantation, it was possible to verify the existence of changes, mainly in assortment classes with a thin end diameter of 24 and 18 cm and presenting efficient correction in the estimates. In order to make realistic corrections to the assortment transition, probability matrices must be built for each compartment or forest site to be estimated. Divergences between processing machines or forestry operator’s qualifications can be decisive for the calibration of the model.
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Scheblykin, Pavel, Nikolay Borodin, and R. Borovikov. "TO ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE OF DYNAMIC LOAD OF FORESTRY MACHINES FROM THE INSTALLATION PLACE OF ITS SAFETY DEVICES." Forestry Engineering Journal 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.2/15.
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An integral part of the drive elements of machines in forestry are devices that ensure their protection against breakdowns during overloads. Safety devices can be installed on various parts of the kinematic chain of the machine drive elements: at the beginning, at the end or in the middle, and can also be built into the working unit (body). It is most advisable to install fuses closer to the end of the drive lines of the kinematic chain of the machine. If torque safety devices are installed at the beginning or in the middle of the drive, they are not in the overload zone (more often, overload occurs next to the working unit or directly on it). Under these conditions, the drive links of the kinematic chain are subject to overloads of various magnitudes. With distance from the place of occurrence of overload, the value of the value of the dynamic moment decreases due to elastic deformations and friction losses in the drive links of the machine. Consequently, there is a breakdown or destruction of parts and components of the drive, and the fuse itself does not work. Thus, in this article, using a calculated mathematical model of the actuation process of safety devices using a computer, calculations were carried out to determine the values of dynamic loads and an assessment was given in the case of installing a fuse at the beginning and at the end of the kinematic chain of the machine drive
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Pichler, Gerhard, Jakub Sandak, Gianni Picchi, Maximilian Kastner, Diego Graifenberg, Karl Stampfer, and Martin Kühmaier. "Timber Tracking in a Mountain Forest Supply Chain: A Case Study to Analyze Functionality, Bottlenecks, Risks, and Costs." Forests 13, no. 9 (August 28, 2022): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091373.
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Digital transformation of the timber supply chain is more relevant at present than ever before. Timber tracking is one example of digital transformation, and can be performed in various locations, from the forest to the mill, or even beyond, to the final timber product. The integration of new technologies in the forestry and timber industries should contribute to enhancing supply chain efficiency and safety. For this purpose, a new timber tracking and processing system was tested by integrating RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technology with digital survey tools and intelligent machines, into a smart timber supply chain. A case study on this process was carried out in a mountain forest in Austria. The tags were used to link information to single items (trees and logs) and transfer relevant data (species, diameter, length, volume, defects, density, stiffness, branchiness, etc.), throughout the whole supply chain. The performance of the technology was analyzed by means of process flow, bottleneck, and risk analyses. Fourteen spruce trees went through the supply chain process from the forest stand to the log yard, monitored by the new timber tracking and processing system. The results revealed that the new system is useful for transferring information through the timber supply chain, and the system costs remained at a normal market level. The weakest point in the supply chain was the processing of the trees by the intelligent prototype processor. A high error rate and low durability lead to higher idling time and harvesting cost, but the findings of this study can be used to further improve this system. All other processes worked well and were at a marketable level.
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McEwan, Andrew, Michal Brink, and Raffaele Spinelli. "Efficiency of Different Machine Layouts for Chain Flail Delimbing, Debarking and Chipping." Forests 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020126.
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Based on data collected from seven commercial harvesting operations in Western Australia, the study developed a productivity model for chain flail delimber–debarker–chippers (CFDDCs) used in blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) plantations. The tests covered 45 h and 3395 cycles, and were conducted using time-study techniques. Despite the observational character of the study and the dampening effect of multi-tree processing, the study yielded a viable prediction model for estimating CFDDC productivity as a function of mean tree size, tree form, bark–wood bond strength (BWBS), and machine type. Productivity increased with mean tree size on a logarithmic scale, and was lower for poorly formed trees and high BWBS. Under equal conditions, a separate delimber–debarker and a chipper were 10% to 20% less productive than the integrated delimber–debarker–chipper. Productivity estimates were consistent with those reported in published case studies of CFDDCs used in planted Eucalyptus. Neither this study nor any of the previous ones could offer a reliable estimate of long-term machine utilization, which would be an ideal subject for future research.
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Pucher, Christoph, Gernot Erber, and Hubert Hasenauer. "Europe’s Potential Wood Supply by Harvesting System." Forests 14, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020398.
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Forests cover about 1/3 of Europe’s land area and are an important source in providing goods and services such as timber, drinking water, biodiversity, and carbon storage. They are important for a bioeconomy to mitigate climate change effects by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. The purpose of this paper is to assess Europe’s potential wood supply by harvesting system. Gridded forest characteristics data are combined with other European spatially-explicit data. A set of eight mechanized harvesting systems is applied to assess the “forest available for wood supply” (FAWS) in Europe. The results show that 74.9% of the total forest area in Europe can be considered FAWS and has the potential to be harvested under the current economic and technical harvesting conditions. The remaining forest area is under legal protection (4.3%) or has limited accessibility with the current mechanized harvesting systems (20.8%). Around 79% of the FAWS can be accessed with ground-based machinery, and another 16% if their operation range is extended using special attachments (e.g., chains or band) or winch-assisted systems. Around 5% of the FAWS is only accessible by cable yarding machinery. With the fully mechanized harvesting systems (i) harvester and forwarder and (ii) winch-assisted harvester and winch-assisted forwarder, about 80% of the harvestable forest area and growing stock can potentially be utilized.
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Triplat, Matevž, and Nike Krajnc. "Assessment of Costs in Harvesting Systems Using WoodChainManager Web-based Tool." Croatian journal of forest engineering 41, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2020.583.
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The rationalization of working procedures during difficult market conditions is gaining increasing importance. For rational production, it is necessary to always be aware of what and how much to invest in the business process to obtain the desired products or services without economic loss. This article presents a tool for the assessment of costs in forest wood supply chains. WoodChainManager is a Web-based tool composed of three user modules intended for the assessment of material costs of individual machines or the total costs of all selected machines in a forest harvesting system. Users can test the impact of individual technologies on the total material costs of the harvesting system and thus optimize operation processes. The basic tool for describing harvesting systems is the matrix, which visualizes cutting and hauling from the standing tree in the stand to the forest products at the end user. The tool has built-in algorithms that prevent the selection of an illogical harvesting system. The selected method for calculating costs for individual machines is simple, but still reflects the state of the actually incurred costs. WoodChainManager offers cost calculations for a wide range of technologies, machines and appurtenant attachments. The authors of this paper wish to increase awareness and understanding of cost calculations and to offer the possibility to directly compare different harvesting systems.
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Ghaffariyan, Mohammad Reza. "A short review on studies on work productivity of mechanical tree planting." Silva Balcanica 22, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e64233.
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Reforestation can be carried out using natural regeneration or artificial regeneration. There are vari-ous methods for the artificial regeneration, including manual planting, mechanical planting and aerial/or ground seeding. This article aimed to review the current reports on the productivity of mechanical planting to provide a summary of productivity rates for the planting machines. According to the review’s results, mechanical planting productivity may vary from 143 to 475 seedlings per productive machine hours depending on the machine type, environment (such as surfaces obstacles and stoniness) and the operator experience. Employing skilled operators and selecting suitable worksites can help increasing the work productivity. Integrating and optimising the whole planting chain, from the nursery to the plant-ing phase, can assist also with reducing the cost and improving the productivity. As mechanical planting machines get more widely adopted in different countries, their overall efficiency will improve over time.
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Romanova, Natalia A., Alexander B. Zhirnov, Natalia A. Yust, and Xu Fucheng. "Influence of forest growth conditions on the density of wood in the Amur region." Central European Forestry Journal 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0005.
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Abstract In the system of logging machines, a factor such as the density of wood affects all components of the system. However this dependence can be more noticeable in the performance of wood felling, where logging machines have approximately the same saw body, such as a chain saw. In this regard, the problem of determining the dependence of the chainsaw on the density of wood, substantiation of effective options for the number of chainsaws in the assortment and whiplash method of logging is quite relevant. In the Far East of Russia, in particular, in the Amur region, the forest growth conditions are different from the western ones and therefore the properties of the woof differ from the generally accepted ones. The article describes forest growth conditions that influence the properties of the wood in areas of the Amur region. Using the method of density determination, the density of larch, pine and birch were studied first time in the areas of the region. The dependence of the density on humidity, age, species, season of the year and the area of growth was found out. The research results showed that in the Amur region at a humidity of 70% the density of larch varies from 745 to 1 089 kg m−3, pine from 435 to 1 081 kg m−3, birch from 403 to 878 kg m−3.
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Kovach, Jan, Pavol Tiavoda, and Jozef Krilek. "The risk analysis at working with a chainsaw." Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 29, no. 10 (December 26, 2019): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36930/40291016.
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Forestry in Slovakia has recently got very fast tendency of research in all levels. The introduction of complex machines and equipment, the application of new advanced technologies, the tendency to decrease energy consumption, material difficulty of products, requirements on high reliability of machines and automation in operation impose the necessity for the search of theoretical basics for wood production processes and utilization of new developing forest and wood processing techniques. The work with a chain saw is risky and has negative impact on the health of workers. It has been clear from recent findings. The limitation of these impacts has influence on technical, technological and organizational actions serving as preventive ones. That is the reason why the famous chain saw producers established different technical supports which have the influence on decrease of vibrations and noise. It is necessary to realize several actions within the maintenance of chain saws to fulfil the goals of a technical action. The paper deals with risk analysis by usage Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), which was implemented on STIHL motor chainsaw. We identified the potential failures, then we allocated to the value of occurrence, significance and detectability in the process and we also calculated the risk priority number (RPN). Application of the FMEA method allows flexibility in the case of unexpected situations and optimization of human potential abilities. FMEA is a tool preventing outages operational reliability and preventive tool for ensuring the maintenance of facilities. There are several methods of information processing regarding to reliability parameters, but some of them are very difficult and in standard operational conditions are not usable. The method of information analysis mentioned below is simple but precise enough for implementation in real working conditions.
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Almeida, Rodrigo Oliveira, Rafaele Almeida Munis, Diego Aparecido Camargo, Thamires da Silva, Valier Augusto Sasso Júnior, and Danilo Simões. "Prediction of Road Transport of Wood in Uruguay: Approach with Machine Learning." Forests 13, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101737.
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Among the activities that burden capital in the supply chain of forest-based industries, the activity of road transport of wood deserves to be highlighted. Machine learning techniques are applied the knowledge extracted from real data, and support strategies that aim to maximize the resources destined for it. Based on variables inherent to the wood transport activity, we verified whether machine learning models can act as predictors of the volume of wood to be transported and support strategic decision-making. The database came from companies in the pulp and paper segments, which totaled 26,761 data instances. After the data wrangling process, machine learning algorithms were used to build models, which were optimized from the hyperparameter adjustment and selected to compose the blended learning hierarchy. In addition to belonging to different methodological basis, a CatBoost Regressor, Decision Tree Regressor, and K Neighbors Regressor were selected mainly for providing minimal values to errors metrics and maximal values to determination coefficient. The learning by stack stands out, with a coefficient of determination of 0.70 and an average absolute percentage error of 6% in the estimation of the volume of wood to be transported. Based on variables inherent to the wood transport process, we verified that machine learning models can act in the prediction of the volume of wood to be transported and support strategic decision-making.
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Routa, Johanna, Yrjö Nuutinen, and Antti Asikainen. "Productivity in Mechanizing Early Tending in Spruce Seedling Stands." Croatian journal of forest engineering 41, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2020.619.
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According to National Forest Inventory data, there is an urgent need for tending seedling stands of at least 700,000 ha and a need for 1 million ha in the next few years in Finland. The motivation for forest owners to conduct pre-commercial silvicultural operations is low due to the associated high costs. Especially the costs of tending and clearing operations after the regeneration of the stand have been increasing. In addition, the availability of labor is a restricting factor due to the high seasonality of silvicultural works. In the 2000s, several solutions for the mechanization of tending have been proposed. These are based on the use of harvester or a forwarder as a base machine. Typically, light weight base machines are favored to reduce the hourly cost of operations and the impacts on the remaining seedlings. There have been challenges with the high speed of the cutting device, which increases the risk of damages to the head and the ignition of forest fires when the circular saw or chain hits stones, for example. In addition, the chain can become dislocated due to bending forces caused by stumps. Cutlink has presented a low RPM solution based on rotating cone-shaped shears that cut 50–100 cm wide corridors between and around seedlings. In this study, the productivity of mechanized tending with Cutlink´s device compared to manual tending was evaluated in spruce seedling stands in central Finland. The productivity, fuel consumption and quality of the seedling stand after the operation were measured. In early tending, the productivity of motor manual tending was notably better than when using the Cutlink device. Crucial factors for the competitiveness of a mechanized alternative include the annual working hours and finding suitable working areas for the machine. Additional work for the device and base machine can also be found in the clearing of forest road sides.
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Spinelli, Raffaele, Natascia Magagnotti, Fabio De Francesco, Barnabáš Kováč, Patrik Heger, Dávid Heilig, Bálint Heil, Gábor Kovács, and Tomáš Zemánek. "Cut-to-Length Harvesting Options for the Integrated Harvesting of the European Industrial Poplar Plantations." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091478.
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Plantation forestry has a long history in Europe and still supports local industry, generating employment, improving environmental quality, and mitigating climate change. As part of these plantations, medium-rotation poplars (5–8 years) provide good quality logs for fiber production, and the branches and tops can be converted into green energy. Finding a cost-effective harvesting system for this plantation is challenging due to the small tree size and the need for log production, which prevents whole-tree chipping. To verify the economic benefit of using small mechanized cut-to-length (CTL) technology, four different CTL chains were tested in western Slovakia. All chains tested consisted of a harvester and a forwarder. Each machine had a skilled operator and was timed while cutting and processing (or forwarding) eight experimental sample plots. Sample plots were randomly assigned to each treatment, and each one covered an area between 0.08 and 0.10 ha (120–170 trees). Harvester productivity ranged from 2.2 to 4.2 bone-dry tons per scheduled machine hour (BDT SMH−1), and harvester cost from EUR 11 to EUR 22 BDT−1. Forwarding productivity and cost ranged from EUR 2.0 to 4.5 BDT SMH−1 and from EUR 9 to 20 BDT−1. Total harvesting costs ranged between EUR 26 and 36 BDT−1. Choosing a smaller harvester is preferable due to the small tree size, which caps productivity regardless of a machine’s intrinsic potential. Furthermore, small harvesters and forwarders are lighter on the ground, which can be a valuable asset on the many wet sites planted with poplar.
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Alekseev, Alexandr E., Igor O. Dumanskij, and Alexey V. Prokhorov. "Plate Dampers in the Tensioning Plate Dampers in the Tensioning." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 5 (October 15, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-142-149.
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The article analyses strengths and weaknesses of bandsaw machines. While analysing we have found the relationship between the weaknesses and the tension of a band saw. Its use as a cutting tool leads to a decrease in the lateral rigidity and stability of the cutting section on the pulling chain. This leads to fluctuations in the cutting width, a decrease in the geometric accuracy of sawn timber and an increase in the roughness of the side surfaces of a kirf. The main types of tensioning unit mechanisms, which strengthen the tension and maintain its stability during operation, are defined, and common design flaws are described. Oil-filled metal plate dampers promote space-saving and low-inertia dampers for bandsaw machines with any basic saw blade tensioning mechanisms. The influence of the device on the level of dynamic fluctuations of the tensile force caused by the artificial eccentricity of the tension pulley was studied. The efficiency was evaluated by computer oscillography of the tensile load sensor signal and subsequent computer processing of the obtained oscillograms. The effectiveness of using damper devices is confirmed by the quality of sawing, which is characterized by a lower level of roughness of the lateral surfaces of the cut while reducing the variation in thickness of a workpiece. Methods of eliminating flaws with different types of tensioning units are reviewed, and the effectiveness of using oil-filled plate dampers is evaluated. The article presents the research technique and parameters of the experimental unit as well as the conclusions on the effectiveness of damping devices. For citation: Alekseev A.E., Dumanskij I.O., Prokhorov A.V. Plate Dampers in the Tensioning Units of Bandsaw Machines. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 142–149. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-142-149
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Medeiros, Giovanna, Thiago Florindo, Edson Talamini, Arthur Fett Neto, and Clandio Ruviaro. "Optimising Tree Plantation Land Use in Brazil by Analysing Trade-Offs between Economic and Environmental Factors Using Multi-Objective Programming." Forests 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070723.
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In order to meet the growing global demand for bioproducts, areas of forests planted for productive purposes tend to increase worldwide. However, there are several controversies about the possible negative impacts of such forests, such as invasive potential, influence on water balance and biodiversity, and competition with other types of land use. As a result, there is a need to optimize land use, in order to achieve improvements in terms of sustainability in the broadest sense. In this study, the environmental and economic performances of pine and eucalyptus forest production systems for multiple purposes are compared aiming an optimized allocation of land use in the Center-West Region of Brazil. Life cycle assessment, life cycle cost and analysis of financial and economic indicators were used to assess potential environmental and economic impacts, covering the agricultural and industrial phases of pine and eucalyptus forest systems managed for the production of cellulose and sawn wood and, for pine, the production of rosin and turpentine from the extraction of gumresin and by applying the kraft process. Subsequently, the TOPSIS multicriteria decision-making method was applied to rank production systems in different combinations of phases and criteria, and multi-objective optimization was used to allocate land use according to different restrictions of areas and efficiency. The adoption of cleaner energy sources and the use of more efficient machines, equipment and vehicles are the main solutions to improve the environmental and economic performance of the forestry sector. The production systems of pine for cellulose and pine for sawn wood, rosin and turpentine were identified as the best solutions to optimize land use. For this reason, they must be considered as alternatives for the expansion and diversification of the Brazilian forest productive chain.
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Alves, Estevão Giacomin, Nilton Cesar Fiedler, Elzimar Oliveira Gonçalves, and Leandro Christo Berude. "ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA COLHEITA FLORESTAL EM REGIME DE MANEJO DE ALTO FUSTE E TALHADIA." Nativa 6, no. 3 (May 22, 2018): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i3.4692.
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No setor florestal é muito comum a discussão que a colheita em regime de manejo de talhadia proporciona menor produtividade das máquinas que no regime de alto fuste. Porém, os trabalhos na literatura são muito escassos para comprovar tal afirmação. Objetivou-se no presente trabalho realizar uma análise comparativa da colheita florestal mecanizada em área de regime de manejo de alto fuste e talhadia, analisando os parâmetros técnicos do harvester (colhedor florestal). A pesquisa foi realizada em áreas de colheita de eucalipto, no município de Aracruz, Espírito Santo. Foram avaliados dois tratamentos, sendo eles: talhadia e alto fuste. Utilizou-se quatro máquinas do mesmo modelo, com os mesmos operadores, durante quatro dias de trabalho em cada tratamento, sempre no primeiro turno, totalizando 16 repetições em cada tratamento. A comparação das médias foi feita utilizando o teste t, em nível de 95% de probabilidade. Não observou-se diferença significativa entre a produtividade da máquina em regime de manejo de talhadia e alto fuste. Entretanto, o número de quedas de corrente para a colheita em talhadia foi 1,59 vezes maior e estatisticamente significativo.Palavras-chave: rebrota, corte florestal, reforma, eucalipto. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREST HARVESTING OF TALL TREES REGIME AND COPPICE ABSTRACT:In forestry companies, it is common the discussion that in coppice harvesting occurs losses in machine productivity, although the works in the literature are very scarce to prove such a claim. The objective of this work was to perform a comparative analysis of mechanized forest harvesting in the area of tall trees and coppice management regime, analyzing the technical parameters of the forest harvester. The research was conducted in eucalyptus cutting areas in the county of Aracruz, Espirito Santo. Two treatments were evaluated, namely: coppice and tall trees. Four machines of the same model were used, with the same operators, for four working days in each treatment, always in the first shift, in a total of 16 repetitions for each treatment. The comparison of means was performed using the t test, at a 5% level of probability. No difference was observed between the productivity of the machine in coppice management regime and tall trees, however, the number of chain falls for coppice harvesting was statistically significant (1.59 times higher).Keywords: regrowth, forestry, reforestation, eucalyptus. DOI:
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Peng, Gang, Yishuo Tang, Tina M. Cowan, Gregory M. Enns, Hongyu Zhao, and Curt Scharfe. "Reducing False-Positive Results in Newborn Screening Using Machine Learning." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 6, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns6010016.
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Newborn screening (NBS) for inborn metabolic disorders is a highly successful public health program that by design is accompanied by false-positive results. Here we trained a Random Forest machine learning classifier on screening data to improve prediction of true and false positives. Data included 39 metabolic analytes detected by tandem mass spectrometry and clinical variables such as gestational age and birth weight. Analytical performance was evaluated for a cohort of 2777 screen positives reported by the California NBS program, which consisted of 235 confirmed cases and 2542 false positives for one of four disorders: glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA-1), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD). Without changing the sensitivity to detect these disorders in screening, Random Forest-based analysis of all metabolites reduced the number of false positives for GA-1 by 89%, for MMA by 45%, for OTCD by 98%, and for VLCADD by 2%. All primary disease markers and previously reported analytes such as methionine for MMA and OTCD were among the top-ranked analytes. Random Forest’s ability to classify GA-1 false positives was found similar to results obtained using Clinical Laboratory Integrated Reports (CLIR). We developed an online Random Forest tool for interpretive analysis of increasingly complex data from newborn screening.
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Cao, Shoufeng, Warwick Powell, Marcus Foth, Valeri Natanelov, Thomas Miller, and Uwe Dulleck. "Strengthening consumer trust in beef supply chain traceability with a blockchain-based human-machine reconcile mechanism." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 180 (January 2021): 105886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105886.
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Mokhirev, Aleksandr, Marina Gerasimova, and Mihail Krasil'nikov. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE OPERATING PROCEDURE OF WOOD HARVESTING AND TRANSPORTATION USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY." Forestry Engineering Journal 9, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2019.4/10.
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Making the right management decisions in the logging industry is a complex multi-factorial task. The multivariance of solutions consists of various options for the application of technological chains of logging operations and timber transportation. Indeed, today the market offers a lot of options for systems of forestry machines, with or without forest storage with timber transportation at different seasons. Previous studies propose mathematical dependencies, an algorithm, and methods to solve all these problems. It makes it possible to search for the maximum flow of minimum cost in the dynamic structure of the technological process of performing work at the enterprise. They determine the conditions for solving the problem by the graph method. However, the proposed calculations for graphs with a large number of vertices and arcs connecting them are very laborious and require a lot of time. To solve this problem, the article presents the development of a computer application that performs basic calculations and calculates the optimal technological sequence of operations. The algorithms of the application, its description and principle of operation have been presented. The developed program enables to automate the process of finding the optimal sequence of technological operations in the logging enterprise operating procedure. Upon receipt of the results, it is possible to compare and analyze various process options for decision making.
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Pezdevšek Malovrh, Špela, Nike Krajnc, and Matevž Triplat. "Private Forest Owner's Cooperation in Machinery Ring." Croatian journal of forest engineering 43, no. 2 (April 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2022.1984.
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Legislation and policy makers have recognized private forest owners cooperation in machinery ring as an instrument to support wood mobilization through efficient use of machinery. The study analyzes private forest owner's cooperation in the machinery ring in Slovenia and determines whether this cooperation contributes to wood mobilization from small-scale private forests. The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the survey was conducted among the members of machinery rings at their annual general meetings (24 machinery rings participated in the survey, representing 64.9% of the total number of machinery rings). The questionnaire was distributed to all members present at the annual general meetings (n=529) and only those who were private forest owner or provided services within machinery rings were eligible to complete the questionnaire (n=438). In the second phase, data on the amount of service provided by machinery ring members were compared with the amount of felling in private forests for 2019 to gain insight into the extend of forestry work (timber harvesting) carried out in a private forest under neighbourhood assistance.The results show that machinery rings members are predominantly male, on average 50 years old, mainly with high school education and occupation in agriculture, owning on average 15.2 ha of forest. Regardless of forest management activities, machinery ring members perform forest management activities in their forest by themselves or with the help of family members. Only a small proportion of members use neighbourhood assistance to carry out the work. This most often occurs in the transport of timber. A very small proportion of members provide forest services through the machinery ring, but their scope of services is not insignificant. In 2019, machinery ring members most often performed harvesting activities with the chain saw, followed by timber skidding as a service. Equipment with machinery for providing services is good among members – about three quarters of them have a chainsaw and an adapted agricultural tractor, but this machinery is quite old, showing that machinery is insufficiently used for forestry operations. The results show that machinery rings are nowadays an essential part of strategic (operational) management in Slovenian agriculture and forestry, and provide important insights into the possibilities to improve forestry operations and the future development cooperation between private forest owners in machinery rings to support wood mobilization from small-scale private forests.
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Coti-Zelati, Paolo Edoardo, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Michel Mott Machado, Davi Lucas Arruda de Araújo, and Rafael Morais Pereira. "Perception of the sociology of absences in the agricultural machinery industry supply chain." Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 60, no. 4 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2021.247901.
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Abstract Studies on supply chain management have been focused on competitiveness from the alignment of suppliers to the company's main strategic interests, with the assumption that this alignment benefits all chains. In this approach, unmet interests of these suppliers are hidden when submitted to the subordination of the main company. This work aimed to understand how the supply chain of the agricultural machinery industry is managed, with the sociology of absences as a category of analysis. This is a descriptive and qualitative approach research, with the participation of six respondents, executives of companies providing implements for the three main agricultural machinery companies in the world. During the research, we sought to connect seven dimensions of supply chain management with the macro-sociological procedure of investigation of the sociology of absences. The results showed that the supply chain management of the agricultural machinery industry promotes the five non-logical existence (monocultures), putting smaller companies' supply chain members in a situation of absence and concealment, disregarding their knowledge and interests.
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Samoilenko, V., and L. Kozyaruk. "TRENDS OF LEGISLATIVE, NORMATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE EU REGARDING MARKET ADMISSION OF AGRICULTURAL VEHICLES." Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine, no. 30(44) (July 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2022-1-30(44)-3.
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The purpose of the research is to summarize the trends of legislative, regulatory and legal regulation of the EU regarding the admission to the market of agricultural vehicles. Research methods - used methods of systematization and analysis of regulatory and legislative documents of the European Union on the admission to the market of agricultural and forestry vehicles. Research results. EU countries are taking a number of measures to increase the safety of cars at the legislative level. Such conditions are updated as the requirements for the development and manufacture of new models of agricultural and forestry vehicles, new technical and technological solutions of safety requirements are updated and the number of components, systems, technical units to which the requirements are established is expanded. For agricultural vehicles, the result was a new Regulation 167/2013 which applies to EU approval of agricultural and forestry tractors, their trailers and trailers, systems, components and individual technical units. In 2019, the EU countries submitted reports to the EU Commission on the operation of the regulation, which in turn must submit a report by 31.12.2022 with proposals for changes and updates of legislation, if necessary. Other agricultural machinery falls within the scope of Directive 2006/42 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on machinery, which also applies to mobile machinery and covers safety aspects of agricultural vehicles not covered by Regulation 167/2013. From 2019, the Machinery Directive is under revision. A draft regulation on mechanical engineering products was published in Brussels on 21.04.2021 (After the draft regulation of the European Commission was issued, discussions were held in parallel in the European Council and the European Parliament. Compromise amendments to the revision of the Machinery Directive 2006/42 / EU were voted and approved on 02.05.2022. The next step will be to start discussions and deliberations between the Commission, the Parliament and the Council of the EU to reach an agreement on the differences in mid-June 2022. Harmonization of road safety requirements for off-road mobile vehicles (NRMM) in the EU has been an important topic among politicians and other stakeholders for decades. A number of activities were carried out, in particular: A study commissioned by the Executive Agency for Small and Medium Business (EASME) in 2016 and published a report of the European Commission "EU study on harmonization of mobile traffic requirements" prepared by EASME consultant in 2019. In October 2021 A bilateral meeting was organized between the Industrial Working Group on Off-Road Mobile Technology (ITF NRMM) and representatives of the Commission of the Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and Small and Medium Business (DG GROW) to clarify some aspects of drafting proposals for establishment road requirements for NRMM. In the second quarter of 2022, the DG GROW Commission plans to prepare draft proposals for further discussion. Conclusions. EU countries are taking a number of measures to increase the safety of cars at the legislative level. This gives both producers and consumers of agricultural and forestry machinery a number of advantages: - no need for duplication / additional tests and / or documentation for placing machines on the market in several EU countries; - reduction of costs of manufacturers due to reduction of tests and terms of administration; - reduction of technical barriers to access to other EU markets with a small number of machines; - providing buyers with a wider range of goods to choose from; - reduction of supply chain costs, for example, in the absence of the need to add special kits for lighting and signaling, turning them into a burden for end users; - introduction of modern technical requirements in countries where this is not the case. Key words: safety requirements, EU directive, legislative acts, normative legal acts, EU regulations, agricultural and forestry vehicles, trends.
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Keefe, Robert F., Eloise G. Zimbelman, and Gianni Picchi. "Use of Individual Tree and Product Level Data to Improve Operational Forestry." Current Forestry Reports, April 1, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40725-022-00160-3.
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Abstract Purpose of Review Individual tree detection (ITD) methods and technologies for tracking individual forest products through a smart operational supply chain from stump to mill are now available. The purpose of this paper is to (1) review the related literature for audiences not familiar with remote sensing and tracking technologies and (2) to identify knowledge gaps in operational forestry and forest operations research now that these new data and systems are becoming more common. Recent Findings Past research has led to successful development of ITD remote sensing methods for detecting individual tree information and radio frequency identification (RFID), branding, and other product tracing methods for individual trees and logs. Blockchain and cryptocurrency that allow independent verification of transactions and work activity recognition based on mobile and wearable sensors can connect the mechanized and motor-manual components of supply chains, bridging gaps in the connectivity of data. However, there is a shortage of research demonstrating use of location-aware tree and product information that spans multiple machines. Summary Commercial products and technologies are now available to digitalize forest operations. Research should shift to evaluation of applications that demonstrate use. Areas for improved efficiencies include (1) use of wearable technology to map individual seedlings during planting; (2) optimizing harvesting, skidding and forwarder trails, landings, and decking based on prior knowledge of tree and product information; (3) incorporation of high-resolution, mapped forest product value and treatment cost into harvest planning; (4) improved machine navigation, automation, and robotics based on prior knowledge of stem locations; (5) use of digitalized silvicultural treatments, including microclimate-smart best management practices; and (6) networking of product tracking across multiple, sensorized machines.
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Ersson, Back, Lars-Göran Sundblad, and Jussi Manner. "Cost analysis of seedling supply systems adapted for mechanized tree planting: a case study from southern Sweden." Silva Fennica 56, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.10663.
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Because todayâs tree planting machines do a good job silviculturally, the Nordic forest sector is interested in finding ways to increase the planting machinesâ productivity. Faster seedling reloading increases machine productivity, but that solution might require investments in specially designed seedling packaging. The objective of our study was to compare the cost-efficiency of cardboard box concepts that increase the productivity of tree planting machines with that of todayâs two most common seedling packaging systems in southern Sweden. We modelled the total cost of these five different seedling packaging systems using data from numerous sources including manufacturers, nurseries, contractors, and forest companies. Under these southern Swedish conditions, the total cost of cardboard box concepts that increase the productivity of intermittently advancing tree planting machines was higher than the cost of the cultivation tray system (5â49% in the basic scenario). However, the conceptual packaging system named ManBox_fast did show promise, especially with increasing primary transport distances and increased planting machine productivities and hourly costs. Thus, our results show that high seedling packing density is of fundamental importance for cost-efficiency of cardboard box systems designed for mechanized tree planting. Our results also illustrate how different factors in the seedling supply chain affect the cost-efficiency of tree planting machines. Consequently, our results underscore that the key development factor for mechanized tree planting in the Nordic countries is the development of cost-efficient seedling handling systems between nurseries and planting machines.
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Prinz, Robert, Blas Mola-Yudego, Jari Ala-Ilomäki, Kari Väätäinen, Harri Lindeman, Bruce Talbot, and Johanna Routa. "Soil, Driving Speed and Driving Intensity Affect Fuel Consumption of Forwarders." Croatian journal of forest engineering 44, no. 1 (October 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2023.1725.
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Fuel consumption is one of the key parameters in mechanised forest operations, particularly on lower bearing capacity soils, as wheel chains or bogie tracks can have a strong effect on it. This study aims to analyse the fuel consumption of several individual wheeled cut-to-length forwarder set-ups with different types of bogie tracks on peatland using automatic recording of data bus information. Two types of forwarders, 8-wheeled and 10-wheeled, and three types of tracks were tested on peatland in Eastern Finland. A mixed-model approach is the basis to study the fuel consumption as a function of the soil bearing capacity, the number of passes of the machine on the same soil, the section (curve or straight) and other variables related to the machine performance and set-up, for a total of N=27,928 fuel observations on three machines in 33 plots (trail segments). The model results in an R2=0.78; the number of passes increases the fuel consumption significantly, while the soil bearing capacity did not affect the fuel consumption. There are, however, important differences between the machines performance, which are addressed in the model. By contributing to the knowledge on the connection between operational conditions and fuel consumption, the study can contribute to the aim towards a sustainable forest operation through minimizing negative environmental impacts and providing the necessary tools for further research efforts.
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"Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Industry 4.0 Weighted Sum Method: Study of the high-tech strategy." 4 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jemm/2/4/11.
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Industry 4.0 originated in 2011 from a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government, which promotes the computerization of manufacturing. Actually, the term “Industry 4.0” was publicly introduced in the same year at the Hannover Fair. We are now in the fourth industrial revolution; this is also referred to as Industry 4.0. Automation and Increasing smart machines and smart Sorting of factories, by data Assorted are highly efficient and Enables productive production of goods across the value chain. Alternative: Innovation, Technological, Social factors, Flexibility. Evaluation Preference: Equally Important (E), Weakly Important (WI), Strong emphasis (S), very strong emphasis (VS) and absolutely vital (AS). the result it is seen that weakly important [WI] is got the first rank where as is the Very strongly important (VS) is having the lowest rank. The value of the dataset for The Era of Industry 4.0 in WSM Method (Weighted Sum Model).