Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forestry issues and challenges'
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1
Chen, Juan. "An examination of challenges and issues facing sustainable forest management and forest certification in China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36242.
Abstract:
This study investigated the challenges facing the adoption of sustainable forest management (SFM) and forest certification in China. To achieve this goal, the perceptions of four influential direct and indirect stakeholders were examined to reveal the awareness, understanding, interest, motivation, and barriers to adopting SFM and forest certification. The four stakeholders consisted of Chinese small-scale forest farmers who have received small forest land from the collectives through the new forest tenure reforms, Chinese market officials working for forestry property markets, Chinese wood products manufacturers, and Canadian wood products retailers. In addition, the new forest tenure reforms and their supporting mechanisms, including forestry property markets, were assessed in terms of their impacts on the promotion of SFM and certification in China. The study revealed general low levels of awareness and understanding about SFM and forest certification amongst various stakeholders in China, with forest farmers having particularly low awareness. Several challenges to the adoption of SFM and forest certification in the period before the new forest tenure reforms were identified by the small-scale forest farmers, including insecure and unclear forest tenure, inconsistent forest policies, inadequate finances, under-developed infrastructure and transport system, and lack of efficient knowledge and technical transfer. Market officials were found to have limited knowledge of SFM and forest certification but their role in educating forest farmers and promoting SFM and certification is particularly important, as government support is considered to be critical to the early and rapid uptake of SFM and certification in China. Chinese manufacturers expressed immense interest in forest certification despite the identified barriers. From their perspectives, the biggest barrier was the lack of market demand for certified wood products. Canadian retailers were chosen as a substitute of Chinese retailers to gain insights into how a more advanced market for certified wood products might evolve, and how the demand might evolve in China. The new forest tenure reforms and forestry property markets are likely to overcome many of the challenges and enable forest farmers to adopt SFM and certification. That said, the widespread adoption of SFM and certification amongst various stakeholders has a long way to go.
2
Arnould, Maxence. "Construction d’un cadre de référence méthodologique pour piloter des Living Labs forestiers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0343.
Abstract:
Les forêts françaises sont au cœur d’enjeux historiques, comme la production de bois et le renouvellement du patrimoine forestier, qui aujourd’hui se croisent avec des défis environnementaux, économiques et sociaux dans un contexte de changement climatique et de transition écologique (par exemple, la préservation des sols, de la biodiversité et des ressources en eau, la bioéconomie circulaire, la conception de forêts résilientes face à des risques inédits et extrêmes etc.). Pour répondre à ces enjeux et défis, les décideurs publics ont formulé de nouvelles stratégies nationales et régionales qui traduisent un ensemble d’attentes envers le secteur forestier. Dans ce contexte, décideurs politiques et acteurs forestiers ont pris conscience qu’il était nécessaire d’innover au sein d’écosystèmes complexes d’acteurs, pour s’adapter à cette situation inédite avec cohérence et organisation. L’ambition de cette thèse est donc de démontrer que les approches living Labs, souvent évoquées mais rarement pratiquées avec rigueur et méthode procurent un cadre méthodologique performant et adapté pour impulser cette innovation collective et faire évoluer les usages des acteurs (en matière de gestion sylvicole mais aussi de travail en réseau et de partage d’information). Nous proposons de construire un cadre de référence méthodologique, selon une posture de recherche-action, basée sur l’approche Living Lab pour piloter l’innovation dans des contextes forestiers caractérisés comme complexes, multi-acteurs et multi-échelles (dans le temps et l’espace), territorialisés. Ce travail propose donc un transfert théorique et méthodologique de l’approche Living Lab vers l’amont du secteur forestier au travers de trois études de cas. Des outils particuliers sont développés ou adaptés, tels des personas pour toucher les petits propriétaires privés, les jeux de territoire pour aborder la spatialisation des ressources ou des questionnements. La discussion montre la pertinence de l’approche pour piloter les processus d’innovation dans un contexte forestier multiacteurs, multifonctionnel et incertain, en faisant émerger des idées inédites pour résoudre des points de blocageFrench forests are at the heart of historical issues, such as wood production and the renewal of the forest heritage, which today intersect with environmental, economic and social challenges in a context of climate change and ecological transition (e.g., preservation of soils, biodiversity and water resources, circular bioeconomy, design of resilient forests in the face of unprecedented and extreme risks, etc). To respond to these issues and challenges, public decision-makers have formulated new national and regional strategies that reflect a set of expectations for the forestry sector. In this context, policy makers and forest actors have become aware of the need to innovate within complex ecosystems of actors, to adapt to this new situation with coherence and organization. The ambition of this thesis is therefore to demonstrate that Living Labs approaches, often evoked but rarely practiced with rigor and method, provide an efficient and adapted methodological framework to impulse this collective innovation and to make actors' uses evolve (in terms of silvicultural management but also of networking and information sharing). We propose to build a methodological frame of reference, according to an action-research posture, based on the Living Lab approach to pilot innovation in forest contexts characterized as complex, multi-actor and multi-scale (in time and space), and territorialized. This work therefore proposes a theoretical and methodological transfer of the Living Lab approach to the upstream forestry sector through three case studies. Specific tools are developed or adapted, such as personas to reach small private owners, territory games to address the spatialization of resources or questions. The discussion shows the relevance of the approach for steering innovation processes in a multi-stakeholder, multi-functional and uncertain forestry context, by bringing out new ideas to solve blocking points
3
Nagpure, Prashant. "Homebased healthcare : issues and challenges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45232.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-80).
Healthcare costs in United States are projected to rise to 20% of GDP by 2015. This is a cause of major concern and current political debate. The largest contributor to this cost is the hospital cost accounting for 30 % to the healthcare expenditure. Segmenting healthcare through new delivery mechanisms may be an answer to the rising cost. Disruptive innovations like Retail clinic's is a prime example of this segmentation providing patients increased convenience at a reduced cost. This thesis presents the case of evolving Homebased healthcare as an alternative segment for healthcare with the objective that it would reduce the costs of healthcare by early monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of disease, a paradigm on which preventive healthcare is based. Synthesizing the information and research available this thesis proposes key elements of Homebased healthcare using which a model for Homebased healthcare is derived. Technology is discussed as a key enabler and a discussion is made regarding some of the current trends in evolving technology. Applying some lessons learned from other industry in high technology sector, this thesis then comment on the supply chain challenges arising due to homebased healthcare model.
by Prashant Nagpure.
M.Eng.in Logistics
4
Services, School of Native Human. ""Aboriginal Children and Youth, Issues and Challenges"." School of Native Human Services, 2003. http://142.51.24.159/dspace/handle/10219/430.
5
Farnung, Caitlin M. "Understanding the Challenges of Expanding Community Forestry in Northwest Cameroon." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2011.
Abstract:
The tropical afro-montane forest of the Northwest region is unique and under direct threat from the high population density of the region. Community-based forestry management is an opportunity to sustainably manage the remaining forest fragments.
Community forestry was introduced to Cameroon with the legislation of the 1994 Forestry Law. Over two decades later little research has been conducted in the Northwest region of Cameroon. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted, and samples of forestry records were analyzed as exploratory research that would act as a base for further research.
This research found that the tenure of the community over the community forest needed to be strengthened, marginalized populations needed to be empowered to participate, and governance needed to be improved both nationally, and locally. Further research will strengthen these conclusions and help Cameroon, and community forests around the world, be effectively established and managed.
6
Reppun, Joshua Engel. "Service learning: issues and challenges, past and present." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6936.
7
Hassan, Noor. "Issues and challenges of consumer financing in Pakistan." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-3485.
Abstract:
Consumerfinance serves as the source of financial stability and uplifts the economicand social status of the household. This research is based on qualitative studyand up to some extent on quantitative base too. The major objective of thisstudy is to gain insights of consumer financing in Pakistan from a consumerperspective. At the same time, the study investigates and analyzes the defined rulesand regulations for banks and for consumers during the time of obtaining theloans from banks and well as from other financial institutions. Interestingly,during the process of investigation, the study encounters a lot of constraintsand dissatisfaction perceived by tits customers. Hence the report seeks outthose issues and challenges that are hindering to meet customer demand forsound consumer finance. The report is duly influenced by the Central Bank(State Bank of Pakistan), which is responsible and obliged to secure theinterests of the consumers.
8
Chinnalong, Saowanee. "Science communication in urban Thailand : issues and challenges." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10439/.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the key characteristics and challenges of science communication in contemporary urban Thailand. I argue that one key characteristic of science communication in Thailand is the significant role of the Science-Buddhism dialogue in public accounts of science, and I examine the vital role of media in this dialogue for the Thai middle-class. By tracing the history of science communication in urban Thailand, I suggest that the Science-Buddhism dialogue has long been engaged in the Thai cultural landscape, with political meanings since the 19th century. However, I argue that in contemporary Thai society, the key purpose in the dialogue has transformed from political aims to offering comfortable messages about the superiority of Buddhist cosmology. I argue that the dialogue has recently shifted a little: while demonstrating the compatibility between scientific knowledge and Buddhist teachings, and concluding that Buddhism is superior to science, a new highlighted theme is a focus on the individual beliefs of one Western scientist: Albert Einstein. In this thesis, I explore this new highlighted theme in popular depictions of Einstein, developing an understanding of his role in the Thai middle-class view towards science. Clearly Einstein is a scientific world celebrity whose biographies contains many myths created mainly by the American press. However, I show that in the Thai popular account, his fame arose instead from his alleged connections with Buddhism portrayed by the Thai press. I show that Einstein’s supposed commitments to Buddhist teaching are tenuous, and difficult to authenticate. The middle-class and the media’s significant interest towards a Buddhistized Einstein in the Science-Buddhism dialogue is grounded in the Thai public’s interest primarily in non-economic cosmologically-oriented science. This has become a significant challenge for the government trying to engage the middle-class with economic forms of science that can help to develop industrial growth. A key challenge facing the government trying to motivate this indigenous form of Thai economic science by harnessing it to nationalist goals and associations with specific monarchs, is the middle-class’s significant interest in a non-economic view of science based on a Buddhistized Einstein. These challenges have generated an inevitable tension between the government and the middle-class, leading to the government’s perception of the middle-class as being cold to science. I suggest that one possible solution to ease the tension would be for the government to take a less-secular approach toward science by engaging with the Science-Buddhism dialogue to raise it to a more intellectual level. By that means we may hope that the government could succeed in creating a productive indigenous form of Thai science with the middle-class’s support.
9
Nqadini, Mlungisi Patrick. "Development challenges in Khayelitsha : an analysis of related issues." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51684.
Abstract:
Thesis (MAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apartheid statutes like the former Group Areas Act created what is referred as "Apartheid Dormitory Cities". Khayelitsha is a typical creation of apartheid. As a result Khayelitsha faces many socio-economic challenges such as poverty, low standard of living characterised by low income distribution or no income, high rate of unemployment, illiteracy, education problems, housing problems, health problems and poor economic conditions. Attempts were made to create civic associations and development structures to deal with socio-economic challenges in Khayelitsha, but all those attempts never brought about development solutions. The Khayelitsha community tends to have a poor participatory planning role in development related issues. Khayelitsha as an apartheid legacy city will take a long time to dismantle in social, economic and purely practical terms. Rebuilding Khayelitsha equitably will be a tough exercise. The government strives to develop South Africa from a society of racially based compartmentalisation into a non-racial, developed country with equal opportunities, better education, health, housing and employment.These challenges are Khayelitsha's major problems which cannot be solved overnight. The problem faced is the re-integration of the separated zones of the former group areas. This makes it difficult to share the economic resources that are needed in Khayelitsha in order to solve its socio-economic problems. The integration of cities will only come about if the restructuring is in accordance with specific needs of the Khayelitsha community. People of Khayelitsha should be involved in the planning of their own city and be able to make informed decisions. The objective of this thesis is to analyse related development issues and challenges in Khayelitsha and to provide possible solutions contributing to development. Government and development agencies can draw lessons from the recommendations of this thesis and come up with sustainable and people-centred development-related strategies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eertydse Apartheidswetgewing soos die herroepte Groepsgebiedewet as een van die wetgewende elemente van die Apartheidsperiode, was verantwoordelik vir die skepping van sogenaamde "apartheidslaapdorpe". Khayelitsha kan beskou word as 'n tipiese voorbeeld en skepping van so 'n "slaapdorp" as gevolg van Apartheid. As direkte resultaat hiervan ervaar Khayeltisha talle sosio-ekonomiese uitdagings soos armoede, lae lewenstandaarde gekenmerk deur huishoudings met lae inkomste verdelings en in sommige gevalle geen inkomstes, hoë werkloosheid, ongeletterdheid, onderwysprobleme, behuisingsprobleme, gesondheidsprobleme en algemene swak ekonomiese omstandighede. Pogings is wel in die verlede aangewend om burgerlike organisasies in Khayelitsha van stapel te stuur, maar hierdie pogings het daarin gefaal om werklike en meetbare ontwikkelingsoplossings te bewerkstellig. Die Khayelitsha gemeenskap vervul 'n beperkte deelnemende beplanningsrol in ontwikkelinggebaseerde aangeleenthede. In praktyk sal Khayelitsha, as apartheidstad, lank neem om volwaardig te ontluik in terme van sosiale-, ekonomiese-, en verwante aanwysers en sal die regverdige en verteenwoordigende heropbouingsproses nie sonder struikelblokke ervaar word nie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Regering strewe daarna om die land te ontwikkel vanaf 'n samelewing gekenmerk deur rasgebaseerde kompartementalisering na 'n nie-rasgebonde gemeenskap met gelyke geleenthede in terme van onderwys, gesondheid, behuising en werksgeleenthede. Hierdie aangeleenthede vorm deel van die uitdagings wat Khayelitsha in die oog staar. Oplossings sal nie sommer oornag gevind word nie. Die probleem wat oorkom moet word is die herintegrasie van aparte sones as gevolg van eertydse geskepte groepsgebiede. As gevolg hiervan is dit moeilik om ekonomiese hulpbronne, wat dringend in Khayelitsha benodig word, te herverdeel en te versprei ten einde die omvangryke sosio-ekonomiese probleem te verlig. Die integrasie van stede en spesifiek Khayelitsha, sal alleenlik suksesvol wees indien die herstruktueringsproses plaasvind met inagneming van die spesifieke benodighede en tekortkominge van die gemeenskap. Die gemeenskap van Khayelitsha moet betrek word in die beplanning van hul eie stad en deurgaans deel vorm van effektiewe konsultasie ten einde ingeligde besluite te kan maak, iets wat tans ontbreek.
10
Cole, Donna Marie Anderson. "Pornography and its victims issues and challenges for Christianity /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
11
Puglisi, Christopher Michael. "Issues and challenges of federating between different transportation simulators." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26507.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Hunter, Michael; Committee Member: Laval, Jorge; Committee Member: Rodgers, Michael. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
12
Langenbrunner, Mary R., and Jamie Branam Kridler. "Challenges Identified by Juvenile Judges: Adjudication of Parenting Issues." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3475.
13
Baker, Shawn A. "An analysis of timber trespass and theft issues in the Southern Appalachian region." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05212003-153313.
14
Sajjad, Umar, and Muhammad Qaisar Hanif. "Issues and Challenges of Requirement Elicitation in Large Web Projects." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3216.
Abstract:
Requirement elicitation is a critical activity in the requirement development process and it explores the requirements of stakeholders. The success or failure of this process is based on identifying the relevant stakeholders and discovering their needs as well as the quality of requirements. The quality of the requirements is greatly influenced by methods applied during requirements elicitation process. Only complete and structured requirements make these projects more reliable. The common challenges that analysts face during elicitation process are to ensure effective communication between stakeholders as well as the acquisition of tacit knowledge. Mostly errors in the systems are due to poor communication between user and analyst, and these errors require more resources (time and money) to correct them. The understandability problems during elicitation process of large web projects can lead to requirements ambiguous, inconsistent, incorrect and unusable. Different methods (Conversational, Observational, Analytical and Synthetic) are available to deal with the problems during requirement elicitation process. The challenge for analysts is to select an appropriate method or set of methods and apply them for the clear, consistent and correct requirement gathering. This study based on the results of interviews conducted to the professionals, who have industrial experience in development of web systems. The elicitation problems that are identified in literature and interview along with applicability of elicitation methods for requirement gathering in large web projects development are documented in this report.Umar Sajjad Charhoi, Kotli, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan Muhammad Qaisar Hanif Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
15
Ozeren, Suleyman. "Problem-oriented approach to criminal investigation: implementation issues and challenges." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2876/.
Abstract:
As a proactive, information-based policing approach, problem-oriented policing emphasizes the use of crime analysis techniques in the analysis of the underlying causes of the problems that police deal with. In particular, analysis applications can be powerful tools for criminal investigation, such as crime reconstruction, profiling, IAFIS, VICAP, and CODIS. The SARA Model represents a problem-solving strategy of problemoriented policing. It aims to address the underlying causes of the problems and create substantial solutions. However, implementing problem-oriented policing requires a significant change in both the philosophy and structure of police agencies. Not only American policing but also the Turkish National Police should consider problem-oriented policing as an alternative approach for solving criminal activities.
16
Nicholas, Zeffie. "Creating and sustaining a new school the challenges and issues /." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/140.
17
Sarwar, Yasir, and Muhammad Arshad Ali. "Security Issues regarding MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) : Challenges and Solutions." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3150.
Abstract:
Now a day, it is no longer optional to have security solutions even inevitable for every kind of organizations and individuals. There are number of generic tools which are common for organizations as well as for individual users to provide security which includes; Anti-Spam, Anti-Virus etc., and network security have become essential issue in MANET. Security is one of the main issues in the MANET especially with respect to size and complexity of the network. The aim of the thesis is to discuss different aspects of security in MANET (e.g. multi-layer intrusion detection technique in multi hop network of MANET, security problems relates between multihop network and mobile nodes in MANET etc) and also implement some of the solutions (e.g. comparative study of different routing protocol (AODV, DSR and TORA) security threats within MANET network like intruder behavior, tapping and integrity, MANET link layer and network layer operations with respect to information security etc) with respect to MANET network. This report also discusses different number of scenarios of MANET network which we implement in our simulation. In our simulation we use to implement different routing protocols and also did comparative study that which one is better with respect to different aspects. We also use to implements mechanisms of intruder behavior, tapping and integrity, and MANET link layer and network layer operations with respect to information security.
18
Asgari, S. "Conceptualising cultural issues and challenges within a UK Information School context." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16100/.
Abstract:
Introduction: Students in UK Higher Education are increasingly working together in multicultural group work settings, with many courses entirely or almost entirely featuring international students. Additionally, Master’s degree students whose course of study lasts one year are required to adapt to a new educational culture quickly, despite having in some cases little or no prior experience of group work. However, there is relatively little research into Master’s level students’ experience of multicultural group work Aims and objectives: This study aimed to answer the following question: What are the most important challenges, issues, conflicts, tensions and also benefits encountered during multicultural student group work in a UK information school? In doing this, the following sub-questions were used: • What are the challenges, issues and benefits in multicultural group work? • What factors impact upon multicultural group work performance? • When do challenges and issues occur in multicultural group work? • How do cultural differences affect group performance? • How does multicultural group work influence students’ experience and satisfaction? • How does the information science context impact on group work? This was achieved by: • Use of the literature to identify challenges, issues and conflicts in student group work • Conducting case study research approach to investigate student multicultural group work using observation and interview data collection methods • Investigating students’ perception towards multicultural group work • Identifying the factors affecting multicultural group work and • Producing model of factor affecting multicultural group work Methodology: The research study adopted a case study approach and the setting was the Information School at the University of Sheffield, UK. Research participants were Master’s degree students studying on the MSc in Information Management and MA in Librarianship programmes. This is a qualitative research study, which adopts an inductive approach. Data collection methods include the observation of students conducting a group work assignment and 26 semi-structured interviews in which participants were questioned regarding their experiences of multicultural group work across several modules. In addition, institutional and module documents were used to provide a comprehensive perspective on each case. The analysis of the documents and observation data alongside interviews was used to produce the case study reports. Furthermore, the thematic analysis of the interview data was undertaken to identify and conceptualise the themes. Findings: Factors such as the identity of group mates, language, whether the group was self-selected or allocated, assignment design, and support available from tutors and academic staff were all found to strongly influence students' experience of group work. The MA Librarianship cohort (primarily home students) were found to be reluctant to associate and collaborate with individuals on other courses and encountered difficulties when working with students from other countries and cultures. These international students in turn reported feeling intimidated, stressed or undervalued in such a situation. A model was developed to show the relationship between the various factors that influenced multicultural group work, using Tuckman & Jensen's (1977) stages of group development as a framework. Conclusion: This research makes a contribution towards understanding the variety of factors that influence multicultural group work, specifically at Master’s-level and also a contribution to understanding group formation. The way students chose their group members is linked with their sense of familiarity and similarity with other students. The majority of participants preferred to work with their friends and students who shared similar academic attitudes with them. There are various factors which impact on students’ group work experience. Some of which are unique to multicultural group work. Factors such as English language skills, student’s name, communication style and student understanding of the task are present in multicultural groups. In addition, factors such as assessment and design of group work task had major impact on students’ experience and their view towards the group work. Students were less likely to engage in activities, which do not bear any mark, and they aim to achieve higher marks. The research can be used in the design and management of multicultural group work tasks and activities to achieve a better understanding of group dynamics and improving the student experience.
19
Kam, Ka Man. "Reproduction rights in digital environment and copyrights protection : legal issues and challenges." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580191.
20
Wasti, Afia Tasneem. "The role of literary texts in Pakistani EFL classrooms : issues and challenges." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/17123/.
Abstract:
This study presents the role of literary texts in a sample of Pakistani EFL classrooms. The study primarily aimed to explore the perceptions of undergraduate students about the role of literary texts in their learning of English language. It also investigated some socio - contextual and textual factors related to English language literary texts taught in the context of this study. The study applied a mixed method approach. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered to over 268 undergraduates in five government colleges of Kohat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In addition, 32 semi - structured interviews (28 students and 4 language teachers) were also conducted. The descriptive analysis was run for the quantitative data to get the mean score of all items included in the scale. The inferential analysis was carried out to analyse the significance difference on gender basis among the samples of this study. For qualitative data analysis, all interviews were transcribed and coded, which led to the development of categories and themes. The results of quantitative and the qualitative were interpreted and discussed in detail. The study provided a detailed view of various aspects of literary texts which seemed to influence Pakistani learners of English participated in this study. Literary texts seemed to motivate these young learners for learning English as they intend to know more about English language and its speakers after reading literary texts. They enjoy reading some literary texts and analyse the socio - cultural details mentioned in these texts, which my possibly contribute to their personality development. However, the study revealed that participants’ lack of prior linguistic competence and intercultural awareness may challenge their ability to understand and comprehend some references of foreign cultures and vocabulary items used in the classical literary texts taught in the context of this study. The study also revealed that the role of teachers may be important in utilising literary texts according to the interests and learning needs of their students. The study highlighted the difference between the perceptions of the teachers and the students.
21
Sparkes, Joanne J. "NCTM's vision of mathematics assessment in the secondary school : issues and challenges /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0033/MQ47480.pdf.
22
Thomas, Memuriyil Mathai. "Grade retention: Issues, legislative actions, administrative challenges, alternatives and long-term effects." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2566.
Abstract:
Purpose . The purpose of this study was to determine (a) the perceptions of teachers concerning the desirability and effectiveness of selected alternatives to social promotion and grade retention, (b) the perceptions of elementary school principals toward selected alternatives to social promotion and grade retention, and (c) compare the differences and similarities of perceptions of teachers and elementary school principals toward selected alternatives to social promotion and grade retention. The rationale for this investigation was derived from empirical research demonstrating retention's negative impact on retained students. Procedure . The sample population in the study included 114 second and third grade teachers and 36 elementary school principals. The study determined and compared the effectiveness of alternatives to social promotion and grade retention as perceived by representative samples of second and third grade teachers and elementary school principals from Stockton Unified, Manteca Unified, Lincoln Unified and Lodi Unified School Districts of San Joaquin County, California. Data for the study were collected through mail survey, which contained 29 items. Participants in the study expressed their degrees of agreement or disagreement regarding each item by selecting the appropriate response on a four-point Likert-type scale. Data collected through the survey were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) on a personal computer. Means, standard deviations, and rankings were computed for each survey item. A series of independent sample t tests were performed to determine if any significant differences existed between teachers' and school administrators' perceptions with regard to selected alternatives to retention. Findings . Principals and teachers strongly endorsed parental involvement, early identification and timely intervention, providing high-quality curriculum and instruction, high-quality professional development for teachers, and recruiting and retaining highly qualified teachers as the best alternatives to social promotion and grade retention. Conclusions and recommendations . Schools need to identify at-risk children early and provide targeted intervention. Parental involvement in the education of their children is crucial. School Districts should also strive to hire, and retain well-trained teachers and equip every classroom with high-quality curriculum and rich learning environment.
23
Nassali-Lukwago, Rose. "Working towards gender parity in education in developing countries : issues and challenges." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/eb8b4a0c-6ad9-46e4-8ae9-476f48ec05d4.
Abstract:
This study was based on the present writer's perception that inequality in education is a result of people's negative traditional cultural attitudes to girls and women and that, to provide equal opportunities for both girls and boys, there is a need for changes in the primary and secondary school curricula that will alter peoples' attitudes. The thesis of this dissertation is that equal opportunities policies are often based on developed countries' models, recommended for implementation in developing countries' education systems by funding and research bodies. These policies do not take into account the perceptions of the key players in the implementation process and how their perceptions might influence the success or failure of intended measures to provide equal opportunities in education for boys and girls. It is hypothesised that in Uganda, the government has chosen affirmative action policies to reduce gender inequality in education but, from the perceptions of the key players, they have had unexpected consequences which reinforce past patterns of advantage and disadvantage for the targeted group. The advantages and disadvantages are grounded in the contradictory and paradoxical outcomes of internationally and nationally recommended educational policies. This is because policies deal with only one aspect of educational inequality, which is perceived in terms of girls' non-participation in education (access, enrolment and retention). They ignore the attitudinal problem, which is an outcome of the socio-economic, socio-cultural, and school related factors which not only further disadvantage girls but boys as well, thus creating more inequalities. The study focuses upon a cross-section of those who inform and implement policies in the Ministry of Education, those who implement policies at the district and school level and those whom policies target in the classroom. The data, which is selectively quoted in the study, was derived from standardised open-ended elite and group interviews. Key players' perceptions, which impact on the provision of equal opportunities in education, are discussed in relation to international and national policies in education. Particular attention is paid in the study to understanding key players' perceptions of the meaning of equal opportunities in education. This was considered as central to the successful implementation of equal opportunities measures in a way that will not disadvantage any group. It soon became clear from the perceptions on equal opportunities held by key policy makers and implementers in the Ministry of Education and at the district levels, that the problem was not changing attitudes, but increasing access, enrolment and retention for girls within the system of education. At the school level, the problem involved increasing: enrolment; retention; academic competition between boys and girls; participation of girls in school leadership; interaction; and strategies to reduce discrimination practices between boys and girls by their teachers. These perceptions were reflected in individual schools. Implications for theory and practice of equal opportunities in education are drawn from findings from the study.
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Daniels, Aliya Monique. "The challenges of border issues, documentation, and infrastructure in intra-African trade." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32237.
Abstract:
In 21st century post-colonial Africa, African leaders have visualised, mobilised, and worked towards economic advancement nationally, regionally, and continentally. In the past 60 or more years there has been a concentration on regional integration as to achieve economic growth and increase global competitiveness. More recently, intra-African trade has emerged as an essential component of continental economic advancement. However, there have been many obstacles that have hindered intra-African trade from achieving its potential and functioning in a way that truly benefits the continent. This dissertation will examine the effect that some of those challenges and obstacles (including border issues, documentation, and the lack of essential infrastructure), have had on intra-African trade.
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Madar, Hassan Abdi. "THE INTEGRATION ISSUES OF SOMALI IMMIGRANTS IN SWEDEN: Experiences, Challenges and Opportunities." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21288.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the integration of the Somali immigrants in Sweden and to explore the factors that impede or help in the process. The study in particular aims at looking at how culture, identity and migration form immigrants’ integration experiences. It will further explore the communication barriers with, mainly; the government institutions from the perspective of Somalis and how removing these barriers could help improve the situation.The thesis also discusses the theories of transnationalism, cosmopolitanism, immigration, and integration in relation to communication for development and social behaviour change.Qualitative research methods have been selected to explore the experiences of the Somali immigrants integrate into the wider Swedish community through the use of semi-structured interviews. The Somali immigrants have good networks among themselves in Sweden, and with home country, however they do not manage to establish a good networking with the Swedish society. The outcome of this study implies that most immigrants feel that there are communication barriers in the way to a better integration. Through the use of qualitative research in semi-structured interviews with selected Somali immigrants from various backgrounds, the study shows that there are many issues that might help the community to integrate into Sweden and proposes some recommendations on how the situation could be improved.
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Xie, Yang Wei. "Protection of minority rights : issues and challenges in international law and Chinese law." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2157184.
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Arthur, Eleonore. "Comparative adult education : issues and challenges, with particular reference to Britain and Germany." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843189/.
Abstract:
This thesis begins with my own bicultural experiences in the context of adult education and language teaching and examines current issues in comparative adult education in light of the challenges imposed by increasing globalisation and lifelong learning. The first chapter ends with research questions about the validity of comparative adult education given that hitherto theoretical approaches have, it seems, ceased to be part of scholarly debates in adult continuing education. The following chapter proceeds to explore research methods appropriate to this study, which are based on approaches in phenomenology and constructivism, and which are explored further in chapter 8 in the context of comparative adult education. The study then seeks to challenge the appropriacy of comparing systems of adult education within the positivist paradigm which, it is argued, has stifled debates and not enabled alternative approaches to develop. Furthermore, it is argued that bounded concepts of nation states and national characteristics are no longer relevant in the context of a multicultural and multilingual Europe. Adult educators are increasingly engaged in intercultural activities by taking part in professional networks and EU-sponsored programmes, computer-mediated or not (discussed in chapter 5). These activities demand skills in cross- and intercultural communication and, in comparative terms, an understanding of different cultural communities. Chapter 6, therefore, looks at the role of language and interculturality which, it is argued, are fundamental to comparative adult education. Issues in relation to lifelong learning are explored further in the subsequent chapter with regard to Germany and Britain and the respective historical, structural and cultural contexts. Chapter 8 argues that comparative adult education can only be meaningful if new meaning and knowledge are constructed on the basis of intercultural communication and shared comparative reflection. This chapter also outlines a new theoretical framework, which, it is proposed, is appropriate to comparative adult education in its contemporary post- or late modem context. The questions raised in opening chapter are answered in the final chapter with the conclusion that there is, after all, validity in undertaking research in comparative adult education and that it is an exciting and stimulating field of study.
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Al, Nehayan Mohammed. "The challenges stemming from demographic and technology issues within the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4983.
Abstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis research explores the internal security threats posed by both the disproportionate expatriate resident population and the impact of modern technologies within the UAE. More specifically, we analyze UAE government efforts to regulate and monitor the flow and activities of expatriates, as well as measures such as Emiratisation, which seek to replace workers with nationals within, select sectors of the private labor force. To balance the benefits and risks that are inherent with the application of technology, specifically communication related technologies, safeguards have been implemented and policies have been created that suit the interest of the culture to monitor and regulate the flow of information among the people. Based on our inductive exploration of the case of the UAE we generate specific policy recommendations such as to strengthen and move ahead with Emiratisation policy, to impose high values for charges related to the violation of the rules in relation to all security policies, and to impose a mandatory military service for all of the UAE nationals that would enhance national defense internal security response. In addition we have provided general arguments for future testing.
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Cho, Juyun Joey. "An Exploratory Study on Issues and Challenges of Agile Software Development with Scrum." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/599.
Abstract:
The purpose of this dissertation was to explore critical issues and challenges that might arise in agile software development processes with Scrum. It also sought to provide management guidelines to help organizations avoid and overcome barriers in adopting the Scrum method as a future software development method. A qualitative research method design was used to capture the knowledge of practitioners and scrutinize the Scrum software development process in its natural settings. An in-depth case study was conducted in two organizations where the Scrum method was fully integrated in every aspect of two organizations' software development processes. One organization provides large-scale and mission-critical applications and the other provides small- and medium-scale applications. Differences between two organizations provided useful contrasts for the data analysis. Data were collected through an email survey, observations, documents, and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The email survey was used to refine interview questions; all of the interviews were audio-taped and transcribed, and later coded for analysis. Triangulation in the data collection process provided useful information for different perspectives on the issues, allowed for cross-checking, and yielded stronger substantiation of concepts and common categories. The research presented four common categories of issues and challenges of the Scrum method, and management guidelines to help organizations that are already using the Scrum method or planning to employ it in the future. The framework for a hybrid software development model is then proposed as a future study.
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Masuku, Sipho Sikhumbuzo. "Socio-economic, cultural and policy issues impacting on community forestry development : a case study of Hlabisa district in Kwazulu-Natal." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/818.
Abstract:
South Africa is not well-endowed with indigenous forests and those that remain are known to be degraded and declining at an alarming rate. This constitutes a direct threat to the quality of life of the resource-poor rural households which are directly dependent on the resources indigenous forests offer, as well as to ecological integrity. It is also recognised that the declining tree resources, particularly the indigenous tree species of high value, are increasingly threatened by a number of growing subsistence demands. This emphasises the need to establish, cultivate and conserve high-value tree species. Community forestry is recognised as a viable option for optimising land productivity; reducing pressure on indigenous forests and woodlands; ensuring a sustainable supply of desired tree products and services; and improving the quality of life of the resource-poor rural households. The primary purpose of Community Forestry Development (CFD) in the Hlabisa District is the provision of an information service and of technical support to enhance the livelihoods of rural communities by means of tree-related resources. Community forestry mainly focuses on tree resources that form an integral part of or contribute to rural people’s livelihoods. This includes small-scale growers (woodlots), woodlands and indigenous forests. Community forestry can be defined as tree growing and managed by the people for the people. Community forestry encompasses a wide range of activities which include farm forestry, agroforestry, village planting, woodlots, woodland management and indigenous-forest management by rural people, as well as tree planting in urban and peri-urban areas. Natural forests in South Africa account for less than 1 percent of the total land area. It has been suggested that these natural forests will no longer be able to meet the demand for forest products by 2020. The KwaZulu Department of Agriculture and Forestry embarked on community forestry in 1976 (but only on an ad hoc basis) as a possible solution to this dilemma. Later, the two South African pulp and paper giants, SAPPI and Mondi, started the Project Grow and Khulanathi Schemes respectively. One of the objectives of out-grower schemes was to encourage rural communities to plant trees on their own lands for the economic, social and environmental benefits trees offer. For example, timber could be sold to forestry companies. Financial assistance was offered to these communities to encourage implementation of such schemes. This exercise was aimed at bringing economic activity, capacity- building and community empowerment to the rural areas. The growers would benefit from the financial assistance and the readily available market provided by the company, while the company would be able to satisfy its demand for timber.
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ITO, Kasumi, and Hiroto MITSUGI. "Challenges and Prospects of Community Forestry in Cambodia : From the Perspective of Foresters’ Performances in the Field." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14049.
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Jia, Hang Hang. "Doctrine of exhaustion of rights and parallel imports : legal issues and challenges in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637072.
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Chen, Yi. "Food safety and international trade : international legal issues and challenges facing Chinese food exports /." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580105.
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Rahman, Md Shoaib, and Arijit Das. "MITIGATION APPROACHES FOR COMMON ISSUES AND CHALLENGES WHEN USING SCRUM IN GLOBAL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3424.
Abstract:
Context. Distributed software development teams frequently faced several issues from communication, co-ordination and control aspects. Teams are facing these issues because between teams there is socio-cultural distance, geographical distance and temporal diatance. So, the purpose of the study is to find out the acts when distributed Scrum teams face the problems. Objectives. There are several numbers of common GSD challenges or issues exist; such as, face to face meetings difficult, increase co-ordination costs and difficult to convey vision & strategy so on. The purpose of this study was to search, additional frequently occurred Global Software Development (GSD) issues or challenges. As well as, to find out the mitigation strategies, those practices by the Scrum practitioners (distributed software environment) in the industry. Methods. In this study, systematic literature review and scientific interview with distributed Scrum practitioners were conducted for empirical validation. One of the purpose for interview was to get challenges & mitigations from distributed Scrum practitioners point of view; as well as, verifying the literature review’s outcomes. Basically, we have extended the Hossain, Babar et al.’s [1] literature review and followed the similar procedures. Research papers were selected from the following sources, such as, IEEEXplore, ACM Digital library, Google Scholar, Compendex EI, Wiley InterSciene, Elsevier Science Direct, AIS eLibrary, SpringerLink. In addition, interviews were conducted from the persons who have at least six months working experience in a distributed Scrum team. Moreover, to analyze the interviews thematic analysis method has been followed. Results. Three additional common GSD challenges and four new mitigation strategies are found. Among the additional issues, one of them is communication issues (i.e. lack of trust/teamness or interpersonal relationship) and rest of them are co-ordination issues (i.e. lack domain knowledge/ lack of visibility and skill difference and technical issues). However, additional mitigation strategies are synchronizing works, preparation meeting, training and work status monitoring. Finally, frequently faced GSD issues are mapped with mitigation strategies by basing on the results obtained from SLR and interviews. Conclusions. Finally, we have got three additional GSD issues (such as, lack of trust/ teamness/ interpersonal relationship, lack of visibility/ lack of knowledge and difference in skills & technical issues) with the existing twelve common communication, co-ordination and control issues. The mitigation techniques (such as, synchronized works hour, ICT mediated synchronous communication and visit so on) for the common GSD issues has been found out and validated by Scrum practitioners. Among the existing issues, several of them use new mitigation strategies, those were gotten from practitioners. Moreover, for the two existing control issues (i.e. management of project artifacts may be subject to delays; managers must adapt to local regulations) lessening or mitigation techniques have been addressed by interviewees. This study was carried out to get the common GSD issues & mitigations from literature and distributed Scrum practitioners.
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Coetzee, Stephen Arthur. "Contemporary challenges facing the South African accounting profession : issues of selection, recruitment and transformation." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1568.
Abstract:
This thesis aims to illuminate, through the lens of Murphy’s interpretation of Weber’s theory of social exclusion, contemporary challenges faced by the South African accounting profession pertaining to the shortage of professional accountants. In particular, increasing the throughput of students to the profession (Paper 1), member recruitment (Paper 2) and racial transformation of the profession (Paper 3) are considered. Paper 1 provides additional validity for the technique of biodata-based selection through the use thereof to differentiate between students in a dual medium university who will, or will not, complete their accounting education programmes in a society exhibiting tacit exclusionary closure. The models development suggested that education and language remains a tacit form of social exclusion of Blacks in the South African accounting profession. Paper 2 suggests that SAICA is the students’ preferred choice of professiona l accounting association, regardless of demographic group. The students appear to hold a collective view of the accounting profession. Consequently, in an environment characterized by the significant exclusionary closure achieved by a particular association, competing associations may need to look beyond marketing the attributes of the association to students and perhaps consider challenging the colonization of higher education by the dominant association. Competing associations, with their less onerous education requirements, should additionally consider promoting the alternate pathways to the profession they may offer to the Black students tacitly excluded from the dominant association, SAICA, on the basis of their inability to access to a quality education. An ideological challenge facing professional accounting associations in post-Apartheid South Africa, is racial transformation of the profession. Paper 3 explored the success or otherwise of the transformation projects implemented by SAICA through the lens of impression management and the use of voluntary disclosure. Given the disconnect between the slow pace of racial transformation achieved and the perceived ‘success’ of the profession transformation initiatives both in South Africa and abroad, it is suggested that the projects may have served more as a tool to manage the state’s impression of transformation, rather than achieving sufficient student outputs to redress the racial imbalances in the profession. Consequently, significant expansion and / or revision of these projects are encouraged.
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Dayman, Jeanette. "Implementing collaborative learning at the University of Guelph, faculty perceptions of issues and challenges." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0002/MQ43156.pdf.
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Carias, Flores Marcos. "Challenges for Macroprudential Policy in the Euro Area : Cross-Border Spillovers and Governance Issues." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0067.
Abstract:
Considérant les fragilités d’une union monétaire hétérogène, ainsi que l’incapacité de la politique monétaire unique pour stabiliser les cycles financiers nationaux, des nouveaux outils pour sauvegarder la stabilité financière sont de rigueur dans l’Union Economique et Monétaire (UEM). En réponse à la crise financière, les économies avancées ont fortifié la boite à outils avec l’approche macroprudentielle à la réglementation prudentielle ; à savoir la pratique de se servir des instruments prudentiel dans le but de protéger la santé du système financier dans sa globalité et l’économie réelle, et plus seulement la santé des banques individuellement. La politique macroprudentielle porte sur ses épaules la responsabilité de maîtriser le risque systémique dans l’Union, mais les hétérogénéités nationales qui la caractérisent entraînent des redoutables défis. Cette thèse a comme but d’enrichir le débat en examinant comment les hétérogénéités macrofinancières et institutionnelles peuvent conditionner la conduite des politiques macroprudentielles. Il s’agit d’un sujet souvent abordé dans la littérature macroéconomique d’après-crise, mais la réflexion est souvent fondée sur des prémisses ne prenant pas compte des complexités inhérentes aux concepts fondamentaux, tels que la stabilité financière elle-même. Plutôt que construire des modèles davantage sophistiqués visant à incorporer toutes les dimensions du phénomène, il est possible d’améliorer l’exercice de modélisation en portant en réévaluant les bases conceptuelles. Pour cette raison, le premier chapitre est dévoué à un survol critique de la littérature dans lequel on identifie plusieurs points de tension souvent ignorés, puis on les interprète dans le contexte de l’UEM. Sur la base des enseignements du chapitre I, le chapitre II aborde la question de s’il est souhaitable que les régulateurs se soucient de stabiliser le cycle financier national en présence d’effets de report transfrontaliers, tel que dans le régime en vigueur. Dans ce but, on se sert d’un modèle statique Néo-Keynésien à deux pays où l’utilisation du coussin de fonds propres contracyclique dans le cœur nuit à la stabilité financière de la périphérie via le marché interbancaire. En comparant une règle de stabilisation nationale à un régime où le régulateur du cœur internalise les effets de report, on cible des scénarios où le statu quo se révèle sous-optimal. Finalement, le chapitre III s’intéresse aux importantes divergences institutionnelles qui existent entre les régulateurs nationaux. En examinant l’information officielle, ainsi que les évaluations du FMI et du FSB, on documente les différences qualitatives dans le cadre de gouvernance à travers six axes : mécanismes de coordination, complétude des instruments, indépendance, fluidité du processus de décision, force du mandat légal, degré de transparence et recours à la communication. Sachant que les caractéristiques institutionnelles affectent la vitesse de réaction, on propose un index synthétique comparatif pour capturer quantitativement comment ces divergences institutionnelles sont susceptibles d’influencer le biais à l’inaction. On trouve que les pays sont inégalement protégés contre le biais d’inaction, mais qu’il existe différentes approches possibles pour créer des cadres de gouvernance résilientsGiven the fragilities of a heterogenous monetary union and the inability of the single monetary policy to lean against the wind of national financial cycles, new policies to defend financial stability in the European Monetary Union (EMU) are of the upmost importance. In response global financial crisis, advanced economies have supplemented their policy arsenal with a macroprudential approach to financial regulation, the practice of using prudential regulation to protect the health of the financial system and the economy as a whole, rather than just the health of individual institutions. Policymakers have unambiguously placed the task of containing systemic financial risk on the shoulders of macroprudential policy, but the national heterogeneities that characterize the Euro area pose significant challenges. The purpose of this thesis dissertation is to enrich the debate surrounding Euro area macroprudential policy by exploring how macrofinancial and institutional heterogeneity can condition its proper conduct. Macroprudential policy is a popular subject in post-crisis macroeconomics, but analysis is often built on premises that fail to acknowledge the complexities inherent to its most basic concepts, such as financial stability itself. Rather than building ever-more complex models that aim to incorporate all the dimensions of the phenomenon, the problem can be addressed by conducting a critical reflection on the field’s conceptual bases before formulating a model’s assumptions. In the first chapter, we conduct a critical review of the literature and identify several points of tension, interpreting their implications for the Euro area case. Based on the insights of chapter I, chapter II revisits the question of whether it is ideal for regulators to keep a narrow focus on national financial stabilization in the presence of cross-border spillovers, as is currently done. To do so, we build a static two-country New-Keynesian model where countercyclical capital regulation in the core affects financial stability in the periphery through the interbank market. By comparing national stabilization rules to a regime where the core regulator internalizes the spillover, we identify scenarios where the status quo is suboptimal. Finally, chapter III examines the significant institutional differences that exist among EMU national regulators. By reviewing official information , as well as assessment reports from the IMF and the FSB; we map the qualitative differences of national governance frameworks across six dimensions: presence of coordination mechanisms, completeness of instruments, independence, decision-making expeditiousness, strength of the legal mandate, use of communication and transparency. Given that institutional characteristics influence reactivity, we aim to quantify how this institutional heterogeneity affects the vulnerability to inaction bias through a comparative synthetic index. We find that countries are unequally protected against inaction bias, but there are several possible approaches to building robust governance frameworks
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Salman, Abdulsalam Abiodun. "Issues and challenges in the provision and utilisation of public library services in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1528.
Abstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy( Library and Information Studies) in the Department of Information Studies at the University Of Zululand, 2017.This study set out to investigate the provision and use of public library services in Nigeria with a view to determining the satisfaction level of users with the services offered. Additionally the study wanted to develop a framework that will address the issues and challenges identified when providing public library services to the Nigerian population. Providing access to information through an institution such as a public library presupposes a well-governed and efficiently managed system. Lacking these, service delivery might be compromised, resulting in a population dissatisfied with the services delivered. The study is centred on the IFLA Public Library Service Guidelines, with the use of theoretical models such as the Traditional Public Administration Model (TPAM) and the New Public Management (NPM). An interpretivist approach to research was adopted involving mainly qualitative methods. A quantitative paradigm was also used as a supplementary method. The case study design methodology was used by conducting in-depth interviews with three permanent secretaries, six public library directors, and six heads of rural community libraries, cutting across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. An informal interview was held with the children using the public library services in order to gauge their opinion about the services provided in the children’s section of the library. A questionnaire was administered to public library users in order to understand their responses on awareness, accessibility, use and satisfaction with the services provided by public libraries. Observation was used for validation of the responses from the interviews and questionnaire. In all, fifteen interviews were conducted with the administrators/managers of public libraries in Nigeria. The reason for using multiple instruments (interview, observation and questionnaire) was for triangulation of the responses in order to identify areas of divergence and convergence during data analysis. The interview responses were thematically analysed using content analysis, while the data collected through a survey questionnaire were analysed using the statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) in order to arrive at summary and descriptive statistics. A test-retest reliability method using two methods was imperative; (1) expert opinion where a content validity index (CVI) was computed, and (2) Cronbach’s Alpha, that became more useful where continuous and non-dichotomous data were included in the analysis. It was therefore concluded that the instrument was internally consistent and reliable. Ethical considerations were also taken into account with informed consent forms, approval seeking, permission as well as confidentiality. vi The findings of this study showed that variables such as: relevant academic qualifications, years of experience, and designation of the administrators of public libraries affected the service delivery. The study also revealed that the pattern of administration of public libraries in Nigeria still conforms to the Traditional Public Administration Model (TPAM), which was criticised for its top-down and inefficient administrative approach. Very little community participation in the administration of the public libraries was identified, and it was established that there is still a huge dependency on the parent bodies for decision-making and funding. Additionally the study also found the following challenges as impediments to the expected service delivery: inadequate funding; insufficient staff; irregular electricity supply; outdated library materials; lack of functional library resources and facilities; and inappropriate public library legislation. Digital resources were found to be lacking in most of the libraries, and the physical infrastructure was found lacking, especially in the rural areas. Awareness of the services provided by the public libraries was found to be low, and it is mainly traditional services that are currently offered. This situation subsequently resulted in a low level of satisfaction with the use of the services. The study recommended that laws specific to public libraries should be promulgated in order to regulate the governance and administration of this public unit; more relevant and adequate services should be provided; alternative forms of funding should be explored in order to alleviate the dependence on governmental budgets; and training and retraining of public library staff should be actively explored with special emphasis on attaining IT skills.
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Bulusu, Santosh, and Kalyan Sudia. "A Study on Cloud Computing Security Challenges." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2820.
Abstract:
Context: Scientific computing in the 21st century has evolved from fixed to distributed work environment. The current trend of Cloud Computing (CC) allows accessing business applications from anywhere just by connecting to the Internet. Evidence shows that, switching to CC organizations' annual expenditure and maintenance are being reduced to a greater extent. However, there are several challenges that come along with various benefits of CC. Among these include security aspects. Objectives: This thesis aims to identify security challenges for adapting cloud computing and their solutions from real world for the challenge that do not have any proper mitigation strategies identified through literature review. For this the objective is to identify existing cloud computing security challenges and their solutions. Identify the challenges that have no mitigation strategies and gather solutions/guidelines/practices from practitioners, for a challenge with more references but no mitigation strategies identified (in literature). Methods: This study presents a literature review and a snowball sampling to identify CC security challenges and their solutions/mitigation strategies. The literature review is based on search in electronic databases and snowball sample is based on the primary studies searched and selected from electronic databases. Using the challenges and their solutions identified form literature review, challenges with no mitigation strategies are identified. From these identified challenges with no mitigation strategies, a challenge with more references is identified. The surveys are employed in the later stages to identify the mitigation strategies for this challenge. Finally the results from the survey are discussed in a narrative fashion. Results: 43 challenges and 89 solutions are identified from literature review using snowball sampling. In addition to these mitigation strategies few guidelines are also identified. The challenge with more (i.e., more articles mentioning the challenge) and no mitigation identified is incompatibility. The responses identified for the three insecure areas of incompatibility (i.e., interoperability, migration and IDM integration with CC) in cloud computing security are mostly guidelines/practices opined by experienced practitioners. Conclusions: This study identifies cloud computing security challenges and their solutions. Where these (challenges and solutions) are common to cloud computing applications and cannot be generalized to either service or deployment models (viz. SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, etc.). The study also identifies that there are methods guidelines/practices identified from practitioners) to provide secure interoperability, migration and integration of on-premise authentication systems with cloud applications, but these methods are developed by individuals (practitioners/organization) specific to their context. The study also identifies the non-existence of global standards for any of these operations (providing interoperability/migration/IDM integration with cloud). This identified non-existence of global standards and guidelines could be help academics to know the state of practice and formulate better methods/standards to provide secure interoperability. The identified cloud computing security challenges (43) and solutions (89), can be referred by practitioners to understand which areas of security need to be concentrated while adapting/migrating to a cloud computing environment.
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Tahir, Saleem. "Performance Issues of Routing Protocols in MANET." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2681.
Abstract:
A mobile ad-hoc network is an assortment of wireless mobile hosts, which establishes a momentary network without any assist of centralized administrator. The characteristics of an ad-hoc network can be explored on the base of routing protocols. The dynamic topology is the vital characteristic in which nodes frequently change their position. In the ad-hoc networks, there are mobile nodes such as Personal Digital Assistance (PDA), smart phone and laptops; they have limited operational resources like battery power and bandwidth. The control traffic is to be minimized, which is the main responsibility of routing protocols by selecting the shortest path and controlling the traffic. In this study work, we focus on performance issues of routing protocols, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) in mobility and standalone ad-hoc networks. For this purpose, we first study and explain these protocols and then we use the Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) modeler tool and analyze the performance metrics delay, throughput and network load.
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Parida, Aditya. "Development of a multi-criteria hierarchical framework for maintenance performance measurement : concepts, issues and challenges." Doctoral thesis, Luleå : Division of Operation and Maintenance Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 2006. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2006/37/LTU-DT-0637-SE.pdf.
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Larichiuta, Inez S. "What are the issues and challenges for the nursing profession with regard to HIV/AIDS?" Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1991.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2948. Abstract precedes thesis as 6 preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.
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Masindi, Mphedziseni Moses. "The impact of child labour in agricultural sectors in the Vhembe Region : issues and challenges." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1409.
Abstract:
Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) --University of Limpopo, 2015This mini-dissertation deals with the impact of child labour in the Vhembe Region. Africa reportedly has the highest incidence of child labour in the world. Vhembe as a region and South Africa as a whole has the problem of child labour which is influenced by poverty. To respond to this problem, some scholars recommend an outright ban on child labour through legislation. Child labour refers to dangerous and exploitative work which is carried out at too early an age, involves long working hours, carried out in inadequate conditions, not sufficiently paid, involves excessive responsibility, and undermines the child’s dignity and self-esteem. The mini-dissertation has clearly defined the child labour and discusses the legislative framework, international law framework and the challenges of child labour in the Vhembe Region.
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Masindi, M. M. "The impact of child labour in agricultural sectors in the Vhembe Region : issues and challenges." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1449.
Abstract:
This mini-dissertation deals with the impact of child labour in the Vhembe
Region. Africa reportedly has the highest incidence of child labour in the world.
Vhembe as a region and South Africa as a whole has the problem of child
labour which is influenced by poverty. To respond to this problem, some
scholars recommend an outright ban on child labour through legislation. Child
labour refers to dangerous and exploitative work which is carried out at too
early an age, involves long working hours, carried out in inadequate
conditions, not sufficiently paid, involves excessive responsibility, and
undermines the child’s dignity and self-esteem. The mini-dissertation has clearly
defined the child labour and discusses the legislative framework, international
law framework and the challenges of child labour in the Vhembe Region.
45
Bauwin, Mathilde. "Microfinance and Gender Issues : reducing or Reproducing Inequalities ? Achievements and Challenges in the Tunisian Case." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED048/document.
Abstract:
La micro-finance vise à favoriser l'accès aux services financiers pour les personnes vulnérables exclues du système bancaire traditionnel. Elle apparaît en cela comme un outil de réduction des inégalités, notamment de genre, vis-à-vis de l'accès au crédit. Toutefois, en s'appuyant sur le cas de la principale institution de micro-finance tunisienne, ce travail de recherche montre que lorsque les conditions de crédit octroyées sont examinées, l'objectif de réduction des inégalités ne semble pas pleinement atteint. En effet, si l'institution favorise effectivement les femmes en ce qui concerne l'accès au microcrédit, et malgré le moindre risque qui représentent les femmes pour l'institution, celles-ci reçoivent malgré tout des montants de crédit inférieurs aux hommes, et ce tout au long de leur historique de crédit. En particulier, les femmes les plus ambitieuses sont les plus rationnées. La mise en perspective des analyses sur micro-données, données expérimentales et sur l'impact d'une formation sur les agents de crédit laisse penser que les inégalités hommes-femmes existantes en Tunisie et chez les clients participent de la construction de stéréotypes de genre chez les agents de crédit. Dans la mesure où une certaine place est laissée à la subjectivité dans les procédures d'octroi actuelles, certaines inégalités se reproduisent plus qu'elles ne se réduisentMicrofinance aims at facilitating access to financial services for vulnerable people excluded from the traditional banking system. In that regard, it appears as a key tool to reduce inequalities, especially between men and women, to access credit. However, on the basis of a case study about the main Tunisian microfinance institution, this research work shows that when considering the loan conditions granted, the objective of inequality reduction is not fully achieved. If the institution indeed favors women in terms of access to credit, and despite the lesser risk female clients represent for the institution, women still receive lower loan amounts than men all along their credit history. The most ambitious women are in particular the most rationed ones. Putting the analyses on microdata, experimental data and impact assessment of a training on loan officers into perspective suggests that gender inequalities existing in Tunisia and among clients contribute to create gender-based stereotypes among loan officers. Since current granting procedures leave some room for subjectivity, some inequalities are reproduced instead of reduced
46
Yu, Ya Yan. "Challenges in electronic payment methods : legal issues with a specific reference to the development in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944045.
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Kornkaew, Artit. "Management Information System Challenges, Success key issues, Effects and Consequences: A case study of FENIX System." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19211.
Abstract:
During the growth of a competitive global enviroment, there is considerable pressure on most organisations to make their operational, tactical, and strategic process more efficient and effective. An information system (IS) is a group of components which can increase the competitiveness and gain better information for decision making.Consequently, many organisations decide to implement IS in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their organisations. However, a lack of awareness of numerous and varied challenging issues surrounding the implemenation process could be problematic for the whole process. Furthermore, the problem of a lack of key success issues seems to be a serious obstacle for the management information system (MIS) implementation process. Additionally, MIS implementation has effects on an organisation and these effects are related to the consequences of the business processes. Consequently, this issue is critical and crucial for an organisation to consider when they implement a new MIS. The main purpose of this thesis is to present the MIS implementation challenges or problems together with identifying the key issues to successfully achieve implementation. Such challenges and success factors are conducted based on a research framework. In addition, this research accesses descriptions of implementation effects and consequences which impact the organisation and its processes.This thesis has been conducted by studying the theory divided into three parts including:general background literature of information systems, implementation aspects, and organisational impacts literature. The methods that were used to successfullly accomplish this study were a case study of Fenix System, collecting data by personal interviews with respondents who were involved in Fenix along with internal documents.The analysis of the research framework and empirical findings has contributed to adescription of the main challenges and key success issues regarding MIS implementation, together with an identification of important effects and consequences when implementing MIS. This thesis’s main results show that MIS implementation issurrounded with challenges which mainly concern management, adminsitration, and people issues involved in MIS implementation process. Additionally, it was concluded that the key issues which the MIS implementation project should be presented with primarily focused on the project team and their team work. The last main finding is concentrated on effects and consequences and it found out that MIS implementation mainly affects business process which lead to change, for instance jobs, routines, and so forth.
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Yastrow, Nurit. "Fostering Appropriate Behavior: Issues, Challenges, and Strategies for Foster Families Raising Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1208804603.
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Para-Mallam, Oluwafunmilayo Josephine. "The national policy on women and the challenges of mainstreaming gender issues in Nigeria, 1985-2005." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/506/.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the relevance of the National Policy on Women (NPW) to the aspirations of Nigerian women through their eyes. It also investigates the extent to which state institutional capability exists to implement the policy (and to mainstream gender perspectives as the policy stipulates). The study is based on six months of field work carried out between 2002 and 2004. It combined qualitative and quantitative methods using mainly participatory research techniques. Nigeria has acceded to several regional and international covenants promoting the rights and well-being of women. Finally, in 2000 it made an official statement of intent to promote gender equality by approving the NPW. Yet, successful implementation of policy objectives remains elusive in the absence of comprehensive measures to reverse significant g ender disparities in access to socioeconomic resources, opportunities and benefits. The thesis explores the experiences, perspectives and collective agendas of women from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to ascertain the nature of their interests and needs and how they compare with the NPW. The study found a considerable degree of compatibility between women's aspirations and the NPW, particularly in terms of addressing immediate practical necessity. However, awareness of the policy is low among most women. Consequently, there is no concerted agenda to push for its implementation. The Gender Management System put in p lace by the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs to oversee the mainstreaming of gender policy is undermined by institutionalised and routinised gender bias and by distortions in the wider policy environment.
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Krehl, Angelika [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Siedentop, and Evert J. [Gutachter] Meijers. "Analyzing polycentricity : conceptual issues and methodological challenges / Angelika Krehl ; Gutachter: Evert J. Meijers ; Betreuer: Stefan Siedentop." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1138836583/34.