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Journal articles on the topic 'Forestry in Nepal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Paudel, S. "Community forestry in Nepal." Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1, no. 1 (November 22, 2006): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjs.v1i1.190.

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Establishment of community forestry in Nepal is a successful step in conservation of forest. Community forestry programme through the local forest users group has shown its positive impacts in the society. This paper discusses an overview of the present scenario of the community forestry in Nepal. It describes the brief historical background, some important forest legislations, and organization of forest. The paper also describes the internal conflicts between forest users and district forest offices, and possible resolution. It also suggests some of the aspects of community forestry in which the research needs to be focused for the better management of the forests in Nepal. Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 62-65, 2003

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2

Paudel, G., J. Carr, and P. G. Munro. "Community forestry in Nepal: a critical review." International Forestry Review 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554822835224810.

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Community forestry praxis has a long history in Nepal. The country is often considered an exemplar in promoting community forestry for environment and development. In this paper, we provide a critical review of Nepali community forestry scholarship to offer internationally relevant lessons and to identify areas of future research. Our review shows that community forestry outcomes have been mixed. Despite playing a role in improving social and environmental outcomes, its provision of economic benefits are modest, not always clear and unevenly distributed. The impacts of community forestry have been heavily influenced by government intervention, with the government controlling valuable forests. We conclude that: 1) more rigorous and consistent methodologies are needed to evaluate community forestry outcomes; 2) the notion of community needs to critically be questioned to understand the dynamics of internal migration patterns, and; 3) a deeper understanding of the politicization of community forestry needs to be developed.

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Acharya, Kamal, Nicolae Talpă, Aureliu Florin Hălălișan, and Bogdan Popa. "The Way Forward for Community Forestry in Nepal: Analysis of Performance against National Forestry Goals." Forests 13, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050726.

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Covering 45% of Nepal’s national territory, forests play a key role in maintaining the daily life of most rural communities. Community forestry is a participatory forest management approach for managing state-owned forests by local communities. By assessing the link between national level forestry goals and the community forestry outcomes, this study aims to measure the performance of community forestry towards achieving sustainable forest management goals. The 3L causative benchmark model was used, with some adaptations to fit the national context of Nepal. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire survey, as well as using secondary sources such as policy documents, governmental and non-governmental reports, and scientific papers. Results reveal that community forestry is oriented towards achieving sustainable forest management goals, but there are aspects where further improvement is needed: forest product diversification, marketing and business, and planning and management of the non-marketable forest ecosystem services. Community forestry’s role in managing the conflicting interests between stakeholders and promotion of the forestry sector in society is judged to be beneficial. There is an envisaged positive pathway to enhance the performance of community forestry through strong forest tenure rights, community friendly policies and regulations, and proper technical and business support from forest authorities.

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Basnyat, Bijendra. "Pitfalls of Scientific Forestry Practices in the Community Forestry of Nepal." Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal 18, no. 01 (December 31, 2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/forestry.v18i01.41749.

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The government of Nepal abolished scientific forest management in 2021, however, the underlying reason remained unexplored. Hence, this study explores reasons that pushed on abolishment of this practice in the community forestry. The study followed the qualitative methods and reviewed the policy documents, published and unpublished literature followed by semi-structured interviews with forest officials and community forestry leaders. Though scientific forest management was promoted to maximize timber production and employment generation, stakeholders often raised concern over the exploitation of forests, including the appropriateness of the proposed silviculture system along with the governance issues related to it. On the contrary, forest bureaucracy promoted this as an “one size fit approach” irrespective of management objectives while poorly integrating locality factors, and research-generated knowledge. Apparently, scientific forest management is highly contested on technical and managerial grounds, while it is utterly uneconomical to forest user groups. Diverse views, interests and disbelief of the stakeholders, along with inadequate scientific evidence is primary reasons for a failure. Hence, the study argues for promoting “research in use approach” in strengthening forest management practices with the wider engagement of the stakeholders from knowledge generation, use, and dissemination in the community forestry.

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Gautam, Krishna Hari. "Dynamics of forestry extension: experiences of implementing community forestry in Nepal." Banko Janakari 7, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v7i2.18110.

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6

Gautam, K. H. "Approaches to extension in forestry: experiences of community forestry in Nepal." Banko Janakari 9, no. 1 (July 2, 2017): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v9i1.17673.

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Acharya, K. P., N. Stewart, and P. Branney. "Participatory approach of forestry research in Nepal." Banko Janakari 8, no. 2 (July 15, 2017): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v8i2.17778.

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8

KHATRI, DIL, KRISHNA SHRESTHA, HEMANT OJHA, GOVINDA PAUDEL, NAYA PAUDEL, and ADAM PAIN. "Reframing community forest governance for food security in Nepal." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 2 (October 17, 2016): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000369.

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SUMMARYThe growing challenge of food insecurity in the Global South has called for new research on the contribution of forests to food security. However, even progressive forest management institutions such as Nepal's community forestry programme have failed to address this issue. We analyse Nepal's community forestry programme and find that forest policies and local institutional practices have historically evolved to regulate forests either as sources of timber or as a means of biodiversity conservation, disregarding food security outcomes for local people. Disciplinary divisions between forestry and the agriculture sector have limited the prospect of strengthening forest–food security linkages. We conclude that the policy and legislative framework and formal bureaucratic practices are influenced by ‘modern forestry science’, which led to community forestry rules and practices not considering the contribution of forests to food security. Furthermore, forestry science has a particularly narrow focus on timber production and conservation. We argue for the need to recognise the importance of local knowledge and community practices of using forests for food. We propose adaptive and transformational approaches to knowledge generation and the application of such knowledge in order to support institutional change and policy reform and to enable landscape-specific innovations in forest–food linkages.

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9

Cadman, Timothy, Tek Maraseni, Upama Ashish Koju, Anita Shrestha, and Sikha Karki. "Forest Governance in Nepal Concerning Sustainable Community Forest Management and Red Panda Conservation." Land 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020493.

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This paper investigates issues confronting forest management and sustainability, focusing on the governance of the community forest user group (CFUG) initiative in Nepal. The paper begins with a literature review to give a general overview of the historical and current situation of forest governance in Nepal. It explores the historical impacts of unsustainable logging in Nepal and the World Bank Report, which both investigated and explored avenues for improving the forest situation, including community forestry. The paper outlines the development of community forestry, the legislative, regulatory, and governance frameworks underpinning this unique system of community-driven forest management, and its relationship to sustainable forest management (SFM). SFM in turn has engendered a market for sustainably derived timber and labeling systems for ‘good’ wood. The paper continues by providing an analysis of stakeholder attitudes regarding the current forest governance situation in Nepal. Furthermore, it provides another small case study on how such standards might be applied in the local community context of protecting Nepal’s Red Panda while simultaneously delivering sustainable forest management and community development. It concludes with a discussion on the need for governance standards for forest management and community forestry in Nepal.

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Man Dongol, Chandra, Kenneth F. D. Hughey, and Hugh R. Bigsby. "Capital Formation and Sustainable Community Forestry in Nepal." Mountain Research and Development 22, no. 1 (February 2002): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2002)022[0070:cfascf]2.0.co;2.

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Parajuli, Damodar P., Pem Narayan Kandel, and Vanessa Linforth. "Forest certification for promoting sustainable forestry in Nepal." Banko Janakari 13, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v13i2.17215.

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Goutam, Dr Keshab Raj. "Urban forestry in the federal context of Nepal." Banko Janakari 28, no. 1 (October 26, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v28i1.21448.

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Sharma, R. Kharel. "Conflict in community forestry in Nepal: a review." Banko Janakari 8, no. 2 (July 15, 2017): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v8i2.17779.

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14

Tiwari, Hari, and M. R. Pandey. "Livelihoods and forestry programme is good for Nepal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 30 (February 1, 2009): 302035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/30/302035.

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15

ACHARYA, K. P. "SUSTAINABILITY OF SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITY FORESTRY IN NEPAL." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 13, no. 3 (January 2003): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2003.9752461.

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Oli, B. N., and T. Treue. "Determinants of participation in Community Forestry in Nepal." International Forestry Review 17, no. 3 (September 3, 2015): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554815815982693.

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Acharya, K. P. "Twenty-four years of community forestry in Nepal." International Forestry Review 4, no. 2 (June 2002): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/ifor.4.2.149.17447.

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18

Rutt, Rebecca Leigh, Bir Bahadur Khanal Chhetri, Ridish Pokharel, Santosh Rayamajhi, Krishna Tiwari, and Thorsten Treue. "The scientific framing of forestry decentralization in Nepal." Forest Policy and Economics 60 (November 2015): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2014.06.005.

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19

Bhuju, D. R., R. B. Thapa-Parajuli, P. Sharma, and P. Aryal. "Nepal's green economy initiative and framework proposed." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 2 (December 8, 2014): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v2i0.22737.

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Some initiatives on green economy have taken place in Nepal, albeit mainly in the forms of dialogues and seminars on the subject. The National Planning Commission, with support of the Poverty Environment Initiative Programme, has organized a few discussion programmes on the subject in recent years. Different non-governmental organizations and the private sector have also organized dialogues on the subject. Among others, these dialogues and seminars have helped spur the debate on what a green economy means for Nepal, which are the sectors that could potentially contribute to a green economy and hence need to be promoted, and what roles different stakeholders should play in Nepal’s pursuit of a green economy. Majority of the people living in Nepal are dependent on agriculture and forestry for their livelihoods. These sectors have not contributed much to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The state of industrial development in the country has not been to the desired extent, and therefore, GHG emissions thereof are very minimal. That is not to say, however, that Nepal is free of environment-related problems. Environmental degradation has been ever increasing; urban population is constantly on the rise and environmental problems are rising commensurately; modern agriculture and unsustainable forestry management practices in many cases are adding to environmental woes; among others. Given that the world is increasingly resorting to a green economy path, Nepal needs to adopt green economy policies to be competitive in the world market. Hence, there is a need to have organized structures to steer the debate on green economy approaches that are applicable in the Nepalese context. Many sectors in Nepal, such as agriculture and forestry, are already green. Moreover, Nepal is yet to enter into the industrialization phase. Therefore, it is relatively easier for the country to take a greener approach to industrialization and development than for many other countries that need to revisit their traditional approach. Nepal can take the initiative of going green by focusing first on three major sectors: agriculture and forestry; infrastructure and energy; and tourism.

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Acharya, K. P. "Community forestry in Nepal: a model of common property resource management." Banko Janakari 9, no. 2 (July 2, 2017): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v9i2.17664.

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The management of common forest land as community forest in Nepal is in practice since 1978. Studies showing the linkages between community forestry and common property resource are scanty in the country. This article discusses characteristics of common property resources and the principles and practices of community forestry in Nepal which is an example of common property resource management between Government agencies and users (co-managers). Forest User Groups (FUGs ) are the institutions responsible to manage the common property.

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21

Paudel, Yamuna, and Ashish Paudel. "Contribution of Forestry in Economy and Employment Generation in Nepal." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 2, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v2i2.270.

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The forestry sector provides a vast array of goods and services to mankind. Goods and services like timber, medicine, fodder, tourism carbon sequestration, and soil and water conservation were used by people from early ages. But its contribution hasn’t been accounted for properly. The study is aimed at collecting data on the contribution of the forestry sector to the national economy and employment generation in Nepal. Data on the economy and employment contribution were collected from reviewing the literature, Nepal government's annual reports. At present agriculture and forestry sector contributes about 27% to the national GDP. Among different forest products timber is regarded as major production to earn royalty inside the country that Nepal government earned a royalty of NRs 279.9 million from annual production of 10.2 million cubic feet timber in the fiscal year 2019/2020. But non-timber forest product is regarded as the main forest product which is exported from the country that Nepal exported medicinal plants of US$6.48 million in 2016. Over 150,000 people are employed in timber-based manufacturing industries. The government institutions have provided around 143,000 employment in the forestry-related sector. Having high potentiality of contributing to job formation and income generation still forestry sector has not been regarded as a major sector of national income. Its contribution has not been accurately calculated which has underestimated the economic value of the forest. Hence, there is a need for the formation of proper valuation techniques and practice of keeping good market records of the utilization of natural resources and employment generation.

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22

Sharma, Pragya, and Pramod Ghimire. "Assessment of Opportunities and Challenges of Urban Forestry in Nawalparasi District, Nepal." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 2, no. 1-2 (June 20, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.02126.

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This article highlights a research carried out in Gaindakot municipality of Nawalparasi district, Nepal to evaluate the opportunities and challenges of urban forestry regarding identification of existing policies and documentation of institutions involved in the field of urban forestry. Systematic random sampling method was used for the data collection during household survey. The study revealed that urban forests are governed through the all-size-fits-all forest policies, which are not favorable to urban forestry development. Plantation in the barren lands, park development, social mobilization and awareness raising are the major activities of urban forestry. The research also showed that main opportunities of urban forestry development in the study area are newly formed local government, high level willingness of local people to participate in urban forestry development, and presence of community forests around the city. On the other hand, lack of public space, narrow roads, increasing fragmentation of land, and lack of coordinated and planned efforts are major constraints to urban forestry development. This study recommends that government should take necessary steps to establish the institutional setup to facilitate the urban forestry development programmes. For this, mobilizing social organizations could be an effective tool to promote urban forestry, but a long-term plan for plantation and their management needs to be in place.

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23

Budha, Sher Bahadur. "An Overview of Tree Species Used for Agroforestry Practices in Nepal." American Journal of Environmental Economics 1, no. 1 (August 29, 2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajee.v1i1.461.

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Tree species are the main component of the agro-forestry system because they provide farmers with direct benefits and play a vital role in mitigating climate change, stabilizing slopes, and ecological balance. The list of tree species used in different agro-forestry practices shows 110 tree species belonging to 42 families. Tree species belonging to the family Moraceae are widely used in agro-forestry practices, followed by Liguminosae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, and so on. There are approximately 44 species of trees suitable for single use, such as forage, fruit, fuelwood, and timber production. Similarly, tree species with two functions are better than tree species with only one function. Approximately 40 trees have two functions: food and fuelwood, fruit and fuelwood, and wood and fuelwood. Among the 110 species used in agro-forestry practices in Nepal, 21 species have more than two functions and are the most suitable species for agro-forestry practices. The use of tree species in different agro-forestry practices shows that the number of trees used in Silvo-pastoral systems is the highest (30%), followed by Horto-agri-silviculture (23%). Approximately 21% of tree species are used in more than two agro-forestry systems. The minimum number of tree species used for Agri-silvi-pastoral and home gardens is 3% and 4% respectively.

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Shrestha, S. M. "COP 18 on the UNFCCC and Nepal." Banko Janakari 22, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v22i2.9192.

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25

Nagendra, Harini. "Tenure and forest conditions: community forestry in the Nepal Terai." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 4 (December 2002): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000383.

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There is a current trend towards decentralization of forest management, particularly among developing nations. Nepal has taken a lead in initiating innovative policies of community forestry. Although these initiatives have been largely deemed successful in the mountains, within the Terai lowlands, there is considerable debate about their outcomes. This research evaluates forest condition within recently declared community forests, national forests and protected areas in the Nepal Terai, using plot mensuration techniques and interviews with local users. The initial condition of forests that were handed over to local communities for use was significantly poorer than those retained as national forests. Protected areas had the highest levels of plant abundance, biomass and biodiversity, which is not surprising, given the level of funds and manpower input to managing these limited areas. In the context of current controversy about the outcome of community forestry in the Nepal Terai, the poor initial condition of forests handed over to local communities is highly significant, and needs to be factored into evaluations of community forest management. This research underscores the need for benchmark studies for evaluating the future outcomes of forest policies in the Terai, provides a valuable addition to the limited information on forest conditions under different management regimes in Nepal, and indicates some of the difficulties that local communities face while dealing with community forestry in practice.

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Mathema, Prakash. "Forest Fire and its management strategies in Nepal." Banko Janakari 23, no. 2 (August 12, 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v23i2.15460.

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27

Banjade, Mani Ram, Netra Prasad Timsina, Hari Raj Neupane, Kamal Bhandari, Tara Bhattarai, and Sushila Kumari Rana. "Transforming Agency and Structure for Facilitating Pro-Poor Governance in Community Forestry." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 5, no. 1 (June 24, 2009): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v5i1.1978.

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Nepali society is differentiated by hierarchical and discriminatory social structures struggling for transformation. This culture is also reflected in the practices of Community Forestry. Community Forestry is expected to contribute to improved livelihoods within communities through forest management, ensuring social justice through the provision of better spaces and positions to poor and disadvantaged groups. Based on the lessons of nine Community Forest User Groups of seven districts of the hill and Terai regions of Nepal, we propose a more inclusive and interactive process, known as ‘Social and Transformative Learning' or ‘Action and Learning', which has greater ability to transform both agency and structure to ensure deliberative and pro-poor governance. Key words: agency and structure, pro-poor governance, transformative learning, community forestry doi: 10.3126/jfl.v5i1.1978 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 5(1) February, 2006 pp.22-33

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Acharya, Suman, Hari Prasad Sharma, Rajeev Bhattarai, Beeju Poudyal, Sonia Sharma, and Suraj Upadhaya. "Distribution and habitat preferences of the Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla (Mammalia: Manidae) in the mid-hills of Nepal." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 18959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3952.13.8.18959-18966.

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The Chinese Pangolin is a ‘Critically Endangered’ species, which is estimated to have declined by over 90% in the last 21 years due to increased anthropogenic activities on the species and its habitat. Only a few pieces of research on the Chinese Pangolin have been done throughout Nepal; there is little information among the mammal species of Nepal, especially on distribution and habitat preference. This study was set to assess the distribution and habitat preferences of the Chinese Pangolin in Panauti municipality, central Nepal. We identified the most preferred habitat of the Chinese Pangolin using different covariates. Its preferred habitat was found ranging 1,450–1,600 m of elevation within a moderate slope of 5–25° steepness, forested areas in west-facing slopes. The maximum number of burrows of the species were found to be distributed in open canopy (0–50 % coverage). The increase anthropogenic activities in the agricultural land and deforestation in forested land has negatively impacted the occurrence of the Chinese Pangolin. We recommend that the community-based conservation initiatives like community forestry programs should be robustly implemented in the study area for better conservation of species and habitat in the coming years.

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Dixit, Pradeepmani. "Implementing Farm-Forestry Practices in Nepal: Experiences and Achievements." Forestry Chronicle 66, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc66242-3.

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Forest and shrubland in Nepal are unable to sustain the supply of forest products. One program to alleviate this problem, which is leading to environmental degradation and down-stream effects in India and Bangladesh, has been to establish a farm-forestry project. Since 1983, this project has identified useful species and developed regeneration and protection techniques for them as well as encouraging on-farm participation by the farmers. Although the area of new forest needed is vast (4 million ha), the average land holding in the country is small (0.56 ha) thus, effective forest extension techniques must be developed.

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Sapkota, Samana, Garima Sharma, Jharna Sharma, Catherine Mhae B. Jandug, and Deepak Gautam. "Assessment of Urban Forestry in Hetauda City, Makwanpur, Nepal." South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 02, no. 01 (January 15, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjhss.2020.v02i01.002.

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Acharya, R. P., B. P. Bhattarai, N. Dahal, R. M. Kunwar, G. Karki, and H. P. Bhattarai. "Governance in community forestry in Nepal through forest certification." International Forestry Review 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554815814725077.

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Tinker, Irene. "Women and community forestry in Nepal: Expectations and realities." Society & Natural Resources 7, no. 4 (July 1994): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941929409380872.

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Acharya, Uma, R. John Petheram, and Rowan Reid. "Concepts and perceptions of biodiversity in community forestry, Nepal." Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy 3, no. 3 (December 2004): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11842-004-0028-8.

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Lamichhane, Dhananjaya, and Hasta B. Thapa. "Participatory urban forestry in Nepal: Gaps and ways forward." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 11, no. 2 (January 2012): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2011.07.008.

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Poudel, Amir. "Migration, youth workshops and forestry: Case studies from Nepal." Trees, Forests and People 3 (March 2021): 100057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2020.100057.

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36

Thoms, Christopher A., Birendra K. Karna, and Mukunda B. Karmacharya. "Limitations of Leasehold Forestry for Poverty Alleviation in Nepal." Society & Natural Resources 19, no. 10 (December 2006): 931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920600902179.

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37

Chhetri, Bir Bahadur Khanal, Jens Friis Lund, and Øystein Juul Nielsen. "The public finance potential of community forestry in Nepal." Ecological Economics 73 (January 2012): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.09.023.

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38

Poudyal, Bishnu Hari, Tek Narayan Maraseni, and Geoff Cockfield. "Implications of Selective Harvesting of Natural Forests for Forest Product Recovery and Forest Carbon Emissions: Cases from Tarai Nepal and Queensland Australia." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080693.

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Selective logging is one of the main natural forest harvesting approaches worldwide and contributes nearly 15% of global timber needs. However, there are increasing concerns that ongoing selective logging practices have led to decreased forest product supply, increased forest degradation, and contributed to forest based carbon emissions. Taking cases of natural forest harvesting practices from the Tarai region of Nepal and Queensland Australia, this study assesses forest product recovery and associated carbon emissions along the timber production chain. Field measurements and product flow analysis of 127 commercially harvested trees up to the exit gate of sawmills and interaction with sawmill owners and forest managers reveal that: (1) Queensland selective logging has less volume recovery (52.8%) compared to Nepal (94.5%) leaving significant utilizable volume in the forest, (2) Stump volume represents 5.5% of total timber volume in Nepal and 3.9% in Queensland with an average stump height of 43.3 cm and 40.1 cm in Nepal and Queensland respectively, (3) Average sawn timber output from the harvested logs is 36.3% in Queensland against 61% in Nepal, (4) Nepal and Queensland leave 0.186 Mg C m−3 and 0.718 Mg C m−3 on the forest floor respectively, (5) Each harvested tree damages an average of five plant species in Nepal and four in Queensland predominantly seedlings in both sites, and (6) Overall logging related total emissions in Queensland are more than double (1.099 Mg C m−3) those in Nepal (0.488 Mg C m−3). We compared these results with past studies and speculated on possible reasons for and potential implications of these results for sustainable forest management and reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.

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Bista, Rajesh, Sophia Graybill, Qi Zhang, Richard E. Bilsborrow, and Conghe Song. "Influence of Rural Out-Migration on Household Participation in Community Forest Management? Evidence from the Middle Hills of Nepal." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032185.

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Rural out-migration was a rare socio-economic phenomenon when community forestry began in the 1980s in Nepal. Now, out-migration significantly influences nearly every aspect of rural livelihoods in the country. However, it is unclear how out-migration affects community forestry governance, which is essential for sustainable rural development. Therefore, this paper addresses the following research question: Does rural out-migration affect forest users’ participation in community forestry decision-making and management practices? This paper draws on data collected from an extensive survey of 415 households from 15 community forest user groups in 2 Mid-Hill districts of Nepal. The research used ordered-logit regression to model the impacts of out-migration on participation in forest management and decision-making, while controlling for a number of other socio-economic factors. The model results show that total household size and number of internal migrants, together with multiple resource characteristics and institutional attributes, were major factors affecting participation in decision-making and forest management. However, the number of international migrants did not have a significant role in determining the levels of the participation. This study provides valuable insights for future community forestry policymaking that aims to address the effects of out-migration on community forest management in Nepal.

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Chhetri, Ram B. "From Protection to Poverty Reduction: A Review of Forestry Policies and Practices in Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 5, no. 1 (June 24, 2009): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v5i1.1982.

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This paper examines the evolution of the policy and legislation in Nepal's forestry sector. The analysis reveals that there is a congenial environment for participatory forestry to contribute to the goal of poverty reduction in the country. While forestry in Nepal has mostly benefited the state authorities and the elite and did not give much consideration to the needs of the poor in the past, the policy and legislation in the country from the 1970s has evolved from being restrictive for public use, alienating the local people from the resources, to being open for improved utilization, increased participation of people and stakeholders, ensuring benefits to the local users, and regarding forestry as a potential vehicle for poverty reduction. The paper concludes that participatory forestry also stands out as a good example of Nepal's commitment towards decentralization and democratic principles. Keywords: poverty reduction, forest policy, forestry sector, participatory forestry doi: 10.3126/jfl.v5i1.1982 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 5(1) February, 2006 pp.66-77

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Basnyat, Bijendra. "Commodifying the community forestry: a case from scientific forestry practices in Western Hills of Nepal." Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2020.1743406.

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Wagle, Radha, Deepa Oli, Basana Sapkota, Saraswati Aryal, and Sabina Maiya Prajapati. "Feminist Institutionalist Interpretation of Forest Tenure Regimes in Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 15, no. 1 (September 4, 2017): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v15i1.23095.

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Forest tenure reform is one of the key agenda for sustainable forest governance. But forest tenure is not gender neutral. We examine various forest tenure regimes of Nepal from feminist institutionalist approach and explore, to what extent, each regime recognises the right of women to forest tenure. Five community-based forest tenure regimes, namely community forest, pro-poor leasehold forest, collaborative forest, buffer zone community forest and conservation area are taken into account for assessing gender dimension. Historical changes and continuity are presented in forestry governance in terms of women’s bundle of rights over forest resources across three key phases – before 1950s, from 1950s to 1970s and from 1970s onward. Formal and informal institutions in each of the five tenure regimes were analysed and we found that the formal institutions in community forestry recognises the roles of the women in forest tenure, but those in other regimes and informal rules in all the regimes, by and large, prevent women from having access to and control over forest resource decisions. Emerging aspects of forestry, mainly forest-based enterprises and REDD+ have not been able to address gender issues properly. Some recommendations are made for gender equality in forest tenure regimes.

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Nuberg, I. K., K. K. Shrestha, and A. G. Bartlett. "Pathways to forest wealth in Nepal." Australian Forestry 82, sup1 (May 15, 2019): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1614805.

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Smith, K. T., G. Kennedy, P. B. Shah, and H. Schreier. "A district evaluation of fuelwood resources in Nepal." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69594-5.

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This paper assesses the production/consumption situation for fuelwood for each district of Nepal over the period 1981 to 2034. The inventory data base for forestry produced by the Land Resource Mapping Project (LRMP 1986) formed the basis for the assessment. The purpose of the fuelwood assessment is to provide results which can be used to direct foreign aid and policy attention to those districts having the most serious fuelwood problems. The results indicated that 21 of the 75 districts in Nepal were in a deficit position for fuelwood in 1981. Under current conditions of use and management, an additional 26 districts could be expected to become deficient in fuelwood sometime between 1982 and 2034. Keywords: districts of Nepal, fuelwood production/consumption

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Jamarkattel, Bal Krishna, Sindhu Prasad Dhungana, Srijana Baral, Bishwas Rana, and Hari Dhungana. "Democratising Terai Forestry Governance: Emerging Innovations in the Western Terai Region of Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8, no. 2 (October 15, 2009): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2306.

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The Government of Nepal has had a high interest in the Terai forest in order to harness its enormous revenue potential. However, the policies and plans formulated to this end have not attained the intended results, as these have failed to fully understand the emerging complexities in the Terai. Accordingly, policy response has often been ad hoc, inconsistent and unstable, leading to confusion and conflict on Terai forest management. Drawing on the cases of three districts of Lumbini zone in the Western Terai of Nepal, this paper discusses the forest management context of Nepal Terai, and identifies key innovations that have emerged at district and local levels. It argues that these innovations have the potential for a creative transformation of forest management planning process at district and local level, and for their wider replication and diffusion. This paper also discusses key issues that need further attention so as to maximise the impact of these innovations by putting them into practice. It highlights that emerging complexity of Nepal Terai requires much wider stakeholder engagement in order to facilitate forest management planning and implementation that benefit both the government and the people. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2306 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.27-38

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Khanal, S. "Wildfire trends in Nepal based on MODIS burnt-area data." Banko Janakari 25, no. 1 (September 23, 2015): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v25i1.13477.

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Bhattarai, Prabhat. "COMMUNITY-MANAGED FORESTRY IN NEPAL: A REVIEW OF DOCUMENTARY FINDINGS." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2018): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/7043.

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Nightingale, Andrea, and Jeevan Raj Sharma. "Conflict resilience among community forestry user groups: experiences in Nepal." Disasters 38, no. 3 (June 6, 2014): 517–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/disa.12056.

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Baral, Jagdish C. "Unintended outcomes of community forestry intervention in Nepal: some implications." Banko Janakari 12, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v12i1.17225.

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Kanel, Keshav Raj, and Durga Raj Niraula. "Can rural livelihood be improved in Nepal through community forestry?" Banko Janakari 14, no. 1 (March 25, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v14i1.17055.

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