Journal articles: 'Forestry biomass and bioproducts'

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Page-Dumroese, Deborah S., Carlos Rodriguez Franco, James G. Archuleta, Marcus E. Taylor, Kraig Kidwell, Jeffrey C. High, and Kathleen Adam. "Forest Biomass Policies and Regulations in the United States of America." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091415.

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Using woody biomass from public lands could attract private investments, increase carbon dioxide emission reductions from sustainably harvested low-grade wood to mitigate climate change, provide benefits for the environment, and support rural community economies. Available for use are about 210 million oven dry tons (in the western U.S. alone) of small-diameter wood and harvest residues that could be removed through hazard-fuel treatments and used for bioenergy and bioproducts; representing an economic value of approximately USD 5.97 billion (109). Reaching that utilization goal requires an assessment of current U.S. policies, regulations and directives influencing the use of forest biomass and identification of barriers, challenges, and potential opportunities associated with the use of woody biomass from public lands. One objective of this review is to support the implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA-FS) new effort called “Confronting the Wildfire Crisis: A Strategy for Protecting Communities and Improving Resilience in America’s Forests”, but greater coordination of public policies (regulatory legislation, government subsidies, support programs) at different government levels could increase adoption of forest biomass for bioenergy and bioproducts while also promoting different supply chains for long-term biomass supplies and industry investments. Harmonizing the definition of key biomass terms used by different programs that support using forest biomass for bioenergy and other bioproducts, including the Renewable Fuel Standard, may increase forest biomass use from public lands.

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Duchesne, Luc C., and Suzanne Wetzel. "The bioeconomy and the forestry sector: Changing markets and new opportunities." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79860-5.

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The bioeconomy is expected to replace the current information economy and will depend heavily on the manufacturing and trade of bioproducts, which are all commodities generated by living organisms through the use of technology and biotechnology, as well as non-timber forest products. In Canada alone, markets for bioproducts are in excess of $100 billion annually. The bioeconomy should impact most of Canada's economic sectors: energy and transportation, food and agro-food, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, forestry, materials and manufacturing, waste management and a large variety of consumer goods. The bioeconomy holds promises to wean the Canadian economy from its dependence on fossil fuels as a primary source of energy as well as platform chemicals in materials and manufacturing, while meeting the Kyoto commitments on greenhouse gas reductions. Finally, the bioeconomy will reduce the environmental impact of economic growth by increasing the use of industrial and urban wastes and developing goods that are biodegradable. Key words: NTFP, ecology, forest economics, biomass, energy, pharmaceuticals, forest policies, agroforestry

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Hart, Noelle, Patricia Townsend, Amira Chowyuk, and Rick Gustafson. "Stakeholder Assessment of the Feasibility of Poplar as a Biomass Feedstock and Ecosystem Services Provider in Southwestern Washington, USA." Forests 9, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9100655.

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Advanced Hardwood Biofuels Northwest (AHB), a USDA NIFA-funded consortium of university and industry partners, identified southwestern Washington as a potential location for a regional bioproducts industry using poplar trees (Populus spp.) as the feedstock. In this qualitative case study, we present the results of an exploratory feasibility investigation based on conversations with agricultural and natural resources stakeholders. This research complements a techno-economic modelling of a hypothetical biorefinery near Centralia, WA, USA. Interviews and group discussions explored the feasibility of a poplar-based bioproducts industry in southwestern WA, especially as it relates to converting land to poplar farms and the potential for poplar to provide ecosystem services. Stakeholders revealed challenges to local agriculture, past failures to profit from poplar (for pulp/sawlogs), land-use planning efforts for flood mitigation and salmon conservation, questions about biorefinery operations, and a need for a new economic opportunity that “pencils out”. Overall, if the business model is convincing, participants see chances for win-win situations where landowners could profit growing poplar on otherwise low-value acreage and achieve ecosystem services for wastewater or floodplain management.

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Pokharel, Bharat, and Jeffery P. Dech. "An ecological land classification approach to modeling the production of forest biomass." Forestry Chronicle 87, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc87023-1.

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Forest site classification is a prerequisite to successful integrated forest resources planning and management. Traditionally,site classification has emphasized a phytocentric approach, with tools such as the site index having a rich and longhistory in forest site evaluation. The concept of site index was primarily devised to assess site productivity of an even-aged,single-species stand. Site index has been the primary method of forest site evaluation in support of management for traditionalforest products. However, this method of site classification has been criticized as the needs, perspectives andsocial values of the public regarding forest management have changed the emphasis from timber production to multiplevalueforestry practices. There are alternative approaches to forest site classification that have the potential to meet thegrowing demands placed on forest information for inventory and modeling purposes. Ecological Land Classification(ELC), is a phytogeocentric approach that stratifies the landscape into ecologically meaningful units (ecosites) based onsubstrate characteristics, moisture regime and canopy composition. This approach offers a more holistic view of site productivityevaluation; however, until recently it has been difficult to acquire data to support widespread mapping ofecosites. Remote sensing technology along with predictive modeling and interpretive mapping techniques make the applicationof an ecosite-based approach at the forest landscape level possible. As forest management moves towards the considerationof a broader set of resources (e.g., woody biomass), there is an opportunity to develop new tools for linking forestproductivity to the sustainable production of forest bioproducts with forest ecosites as a solid foundation forsegmenting the landscape. Key words: forest site classification, site index, site productivity, Ecological Land Classification (ELC), ecosites, forest biomass,bioproducts

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Sodré, Victoria, Nathália Vilela, Robson Tramontina, and Fabio Marcio Squina. "Microorganisms as bioabatement agents in biomass to bioproducts applications." Biomass and Bioenergy 151 (August 2021): 106161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106161.

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Benjamin, Jeffrey G., Robert J. Lilieholm, and Charles E. Coup. "Forest Biomass Harvesting in the Northeast: A Special-Needs Operation?" Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/27.2.45.

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Abstract There is growing interest in harvesting forest biomass to meet the needs of bioenergy and bioproducts facilities in the Northeast. This interest is accompanied by increased concern over the potential impacts of biomass removals on forest ecosystems. Debates over biomass proposals have revealed a considerable level of confusion over the term biomass harvest, much of which stems from ambiguity surrounding the term forest biomass. Indeed, all forest material removed during harvest is forest biomass, yet many view only a small portion of this—typically low-value chipped material—as biomass. Since much of this material is destined for use as energy, we feel that communication among the public, foresters, academics, and industry representatives would improve by referring to forest biomass of this nature as what it really is: energy wood. Once terms are clarified, it is easier to understand how concerns with market dynamics, soil productivity, water quality, and forest biodiversity can be addressed through forest policy development.

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Ferrández-Villena, Manuel, Antonio Ferrández-García, Teresa García-Ortuño, and María T. Ferrández-García. "Evaluation of the use of vineyard pruning biomass (bobal variety) in constructive bioproducts." BioResources 17, no. 4 (October 5, 2022): 6542–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.6542-6555.

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The use of by-products from agricultural and forestry activity, apart from many other environmental benefits, constitutes an alternative source of income, cost reduction, and support for the principles of the circular economy. The bobal grape is a variety of red grape that is cultivated on 65 thousand hectares only in Spain. Periodic maintenance of the crop must be carried out through winter pruning from December to March. The pruning biomass is burned or crushed and incorporated into the soil, producing environmental contamination and disease transmission. The objective of this work was to use the biomass from vineyard residues in the production of binderless particleboards without using any adhesives, thereby obtaining an ecological product that would benefit the environment. In the manufacturing process, the press temperature (130 °C) and pressure (2.6 MPa) were fixed, varying the particle size (<0.25, 0.25 to 1.00, and 1.00 to 2.00), and the pressing time (15, 30, and 45 min). The results showed that by using particles smaller than 0.25 mm and applying 45 min in the hot press, panels were manufactured that are suitable for general use in a dry environment and for the manufacture of furniture according to European standards.

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Hmaied, Bouafif, Magdouli, Braghiroli, and Koubaa. "Effect of Forest Biomass Pretreatment on Essential Oil Yield and Properties." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2019): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111042.

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Essential oils (EOs) are natural and economically valuable aromatic compounds obtained from a variety of crops and trees, including forest trees, which have different therapeutic and biological activities. This project aims to assess the impact of different residual forest biomass pretreatments on the yield and the properties of EOs, including their antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. Forest biomass from black spruce (BS, Picea mariana Mill.), balsam fir (BF, Abies balsamea), and jack pine (JP, Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was processed mechanically by (i) shredding, (ii) grinding, (iii) pelletizing, and (iv) bundling. EOs were then extracted by hydro- and steam distillation. The densification into bundles was found to improve EOs yield compared to the other residual forest biomass pretreatments. For example, the yield of bundled BF was improved by 68%, 83%, and 93% compared to shredded, ground, and granulated biomass, respectively. The highest yield was obtained when densification into bundles was combined with extraction through hydrodistillation. As for EOs’ chemical composition, JP had the highest polyphenol content and consequently the greatest antioxidant activity. EOs derived from BS inhibited the growth of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Gram-negative Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli bacteria. The densification of forest biomass into bundles did not affect the antioxidant capacity or the antibacterial activity of EOs, thereby preserving both properties. Thus, the pretreatment of forest biomass residue could have an impact on the volume and the transport costs and therefore improve the bioproducts market and the bioeconomy in Canada.

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Allen, Darren, Daniel W. McKenney, Denys Yemshanov, and Saul Fraleigh. "The economic attractiveness of Short Rotation Coppice biomass plantations for bioenergy in Northern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 89, no. 01 (February 2013): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2013-012.

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With an apparent abundance of idled and under-utilized agricultural land in Northern Ontario, there is interest in the ability of short-rotation forests to supply bioenergy and other possible bioproducts. Once established, Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) plantations can be harvested on (roughly) three-year cutting cycles until about age 22. Purpose-grown plantations such as these could be used as stand-alone sources of fibre or used in conjunction with sources such as natural forests or woody residues. Using a recently developed land cover model we found that approximately 405 500 ha of agricultural-type land exists across Northern Ontario. Numerous scenarios were developed to calculate SRC profitability on these areas. The analyses are intended to reflect a broad range of expectations on physical yields and prices, including management costs. Although SRC involves a considerable up-front investment, our simulations suggest a significant amount of land could have a break-even biomass price of $85/oven-dried tonnes (ODT) (+/- $5/ODT) at farm gate. This farm gate biomass price represents roughly current traditional biomass prices paid. Thus SRC would need to produce biomass at a comparable cost to be a competitive option. A number of technological and price changes could increase the attractiveness of SRC systems in Northern Ontario, including decreases in establishment and management costs (while maintaining yield expectations) and improved cultivars offering increased yields.

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Dessbesell, Luana, Chunbao (Charles) Xu, Reino Pulkki, Mathew Leitch, and Nubla Mahmood. "Forest biomass supply chain optimization for a biorefinery aiming to produce high-value bio-based materials and chemicals from lignin and forestry residues: a review of literature." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 3 (March 2017): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0336.

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Technological development has enabled the production of new value-added products from lignocellulosic residues such as lignin. This has allowed the forest industry to diversify its product portfolio and maximize the economic returns from feedstock, while simultaneously working towards sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products. Although previous research has explored industrial-scale production opportunities, many challenges persist, including the cost of woody biomass and its supply chain reliability. While numerous studies have addressed these issues, their emphasis has traditionally been on bioenergy, with little focus on biochemical, biomaterials, and bioproducts. This review seeks to address this gap through a systematic study of the work recently reported by researchers. A lot of work has been published from United States and Canada with an emphasis on bioenergy production (84.8%), 4.6% of the work is focused on biomass to materials and chemicals, and 10.6% addressed both. Between 2012 and 2015, the majority of published research focused on biomass to materials and chemicals and both biomass to energy and biomass to materials and chemicals. This fact highlights recent interests in diversified biorefinery portfolios. However, further work concerning forest biomass supply chain optimization and new high-value bio-based materials and chemicals is necessary.

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Gardiner, Emile, Solomon Ghezehei, William Headlee, Jim Richardson, Raju Soolanayakanahally, Brian Stanton, and Ronald Zalesny Jr. "The 2018 Woody Crops International Conference, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA, 22–27 July 2018." Forests 9, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110693.

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The 2018 Woody Crops International Conference was held from 22 to 27 July 2018 throughout Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA to unite world-leading short rotation woody crop (SRWC) organizations at a forum designed to enhance information exchange while also building a platform for developing future collaboration around SRWC production systems. The meeting included pre-conference and post-conference tours in Minnesota and Wisconsin and technical sessions in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Technical sessions were framed under the topics: Genetics and Physiology, Phytotechnologies, Stakeholders, Bioproducts, Harvesting and Logistics, Biomass Production, and Ecosystem Services. This Conference Report provides a compilation of abstracts from each of the 38 oral and poster presentations delivered during the technical program. It should serve to enhance future discussions among scientists, academicians, regulators, and the general public relative to sustainable application of SRWC technologies for a multitude of current objectives.

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Iriondo, Aitziber, Ion Agirre, Nerea Viar, and Jesús Requies. "Value-Added Bio-Chemicals Commodities from Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Derived Furan-Compounds." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080895.

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The depletion of fossil resources in the near future and the need to decrease greenhouse gas emissions lead to the investigation of using alternative renewable resources as raw materials. One of the most promising options is the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (like forestry residues) into bioenergy, biofuels and biochemicals. Among these products, the production of intermediate biochemicals has become an important goal since the petrochemical industry needs to find sustainable alternatives. In this way, the chemical industry competitiveness could be improved as bioproducts have a great potential market. Thus, the main objective of this review is to describe the production processes under study (reaction conditions, type of catalysts, solvents, etc.) of some promising intermediate biochemicals, such as; alcohols (1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,6-hexanetriol and pentanediols (1,2 and 1,5-pentanediol)), maleic anhydride and 5-alkoxymethylfuran. These compounds can be produced using 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and/or furfural, which they both are considered one of the main biomass derived building blocks.

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Oliveira, Nerea, César Pérez-Cruzado, Isabel Cañellas, Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro, and Hortensia Sixto. "Poplar Short Rotation Coppice Plantations under Mediterranean Conditions: The Case of Spain." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121352.

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Developing a circular bioeconomy based on the sustainable use of biological resources, such as biomass, seems to be the best way of responding to the challenges associated with global change. Among the many sources, short rotation forest crops are an essential instrument for obtaining quality biomass with a predictable periodicity and yield, according to the areas of cultivation. This review aims to provide an overview of available knowledge on short rotation coppice Populus spp. plantations under Mediterranean conditions and specifically in Spain, in order to identify not only the status, but also the future prospects, for this type of biomass production. The analysis of available information was conducted by taking into consideration the following aspects: Genetic plant material; plantation design, including densities, rotation lengths and the number of rotations, and mixtures; management activities, including irrigation, fertilization, and weed control; yield prediction; biomass characterization; and finally, an evaluation of the sustainability of the plantation and ecosystem services provided. Despite advances, there is still much to be done if these plantations are to become a commercial reality in some Mediterranean areas. To achieve this aim, different aspects need to be reconsidered, such as irrigation, bearing in mind that water restrictions represent a real threat; the specific adaptation of genetic material to these conditions, in order to obtain a greater efficiency in resource use, as well as a greater resistance to pests and diseases or tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity; rationalizing fertilization; quantifying and valuing the ecosystem services; the advance of more reliable predictive models based on ecophysiology; the specific characterization of biomass for its final use (bioenergy/bioproducts); technological improvements in management and harvesting; and finally, improving the critical aspects detected in environmental, energy, and economic analyses to achieve profitable and sustainable plantations under Mediterranean conditions.

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Li, Wenjing, Huiquan Bi, Duncan Watt, Yun Li, Mohammad Reza Ghaffariyan, and Fabiano Ximenes. "Estimation and Spatial Mapping of Residue Biomass following CTL Harvesting in Pinus radiata Plantations: An Application of Harvester Data Analytics." Forests 13, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030428.

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The utilization of forest harvest residues for renewable bioenergy production and bioproducts has increasingly become an integrated part of forestry that helps to meet the needs of climate change mitigation and a future carbon neutral economy. An essential element in the planning of any harvesting residue recovery operation is a reliable assessment of the quantity and quality of residue biomass and its composition over a harvest area. With the now widely adopted cut-to-length (CTL) at the stump harvesting system in Pinus radiata plantations in Australia, harvesting residues left on site are significantly larger in quantity and spatially more dispersed over a harvest area in comparison to the more traditional whole-tree harvesting. The conventional approach of assessing forest harvest residues through sample plots, transects, or small study blocks has provided site-specific estimates of residue biomass. However, these estimates cannot be readily extrapolated over the plantation landscape, which varies in silviculture, site, and stand conditions. To overcome this limitation, this study relied on harvester data analytics to obtain spatially explicit estimates of residue biomass using an example data set from harvested plantations of three stand types: unthinned (T0), thinned once (T1), and thinned twice (T2). Three methods of integrating biomass equations with harvester data were compared for residue biomass estimation: (1) applying individual tree biomass equations to harvested stems, (2) applying stand-level biomass equations to gridded harvester data, and (3) integrating estimates from the first approach with recorded and estimated waste volumes of harvested stems. The estimates of total residue biomass obtained using the three methods through harvester data analytics varied between 56.2 and 156.4 t/ha in green weight across the three stand types. These estimates were validated indirectly through ex situ sample plots and proved to be comparable to the quantities of residue biomass assessed using conventional sample plots, transects, or small blocks following CTL harvesting of rotation age P. radiata plantations elsewhere in Australia. Among the three methods, the third method made the most intensive use of the harvester data and provided the most realistic estimates of residue biomass. Spatial mapping of the estimated total and component residue biomass will assist the operational planning of residue recovery and site-specific nutrient management for the long-term sustainability of P. radiata plantations.

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Wells, Lucas A., Woodam Chung, Nathaniel M. Anderson, and John S. Hogland. "Spatial and temporal quantification of forest residue volumes and delivered costs." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 6 (June 2016): 832–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0451.

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Growing demand for bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts has increased interests in the utilization of biomass residues from forest treatments as feedstock. In areas with limited history of industrial biomass utilization, uncertainties in the quantity, distribution, and cost of biomass production and logistics can hinder the development of new bio-based industries. This paper introduces a new methodology to quantify and spatially describe delivered feedstock volumes and costs across landscapes of arbitrary size in ways that characterize operational and annual management decision-making. Using National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, the forest is segmented into operational-level treatment units. A remote sensing model based on NAIP imagery and Forest Inventory and Analysis plot data are used to attribute treatment units with stand-level estimates of basal area, tree density, aboveground biomass, and quadratic mean diameter. These methods are applied to a study site in southwestern Colorado to assess the quantity and distribution of treatment residue for use in bioenergy production. Results from the case study demonstrate how this generalized approach can be used in the analysis and decision-making process when establishing new bioenergy industries that use forest residue as feedstock.

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Narron, Robert, Gregory Wolken, and Jerry Gargulak. "Accelerated Polymerization of Ammonium Lignosulfonate from Loblolly Pine." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-19-00044.

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Abstract Lignin bioproducts derived from pulping of woody biomass find utility in multiple industrial applications. Ammonium lignosulfonates have historically displayed unique polymerization characteristics relative to other lignin materials and show promise as sustainable adhesives for the panel industry. To further understand the system's chemistry, polymerization reactions were observed through the lens of viscosity build-up using high temperature rheological measurements. It was found that highly controllable lignosulfonate properties like cooking temperature, pH, and percentage dissolved solids each significantly contribute to gelation behavior. The concept of thermal priming to shorten gelation time was also introduced and demonstrated. Finally, possible applications for this technology are postulated.

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Bados, Raquel. "Biomass equations for rockrose (Cistus laurifolius L.) shrublands in North-central Spain." Forest Systems 30, no. 3 (December 2021): e015-e015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2021303-17997.

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Aims of the study: To construct biomass weight equations for rockrose (Cistus laurifolius L.) shrublands in North-central Spain comparing different methodologies and evaluating the applicability of the current Spanish open PNOA-LiDAR data. Area of study: The growing extension of Mediterranean shrublands associated with a high wildfire risk in a climate change scenario is considered a relevant source of biomass for energy use and bioproducts. Quantifying the biomass load of the shrublands provides essential information for adequate management, calling for the development of equations to estimate said biomass loads in the most extensive monospecific shrublands. Materials and methods: Biomass dry weight from 290 destructive sampling plots (ø4m) and 426 individual plants along with LiDAR data from PNOA were related to dasometric parameters to fit weight per surface and weight per plant equations. Main results: Three new equations improve rockrose biomass estimations in North-central Spain: a) Weight per unit area (tDM.ha-1) equation (Eq. 1) based on apparent biovolume (product of crown cover in percentage by average height in meters) (Radj2 0.69, MAE 26.1%, RMSE 38.4%); b) Weight per plant (kgDM.plant-1) equation (Eq. 2) from height and crown diameter (Radj2 0.87, MAE 26.5%, RMSE 45.2%) and c) Weight per unit area equation (tDM.ha-1) (Eq. 3) based on LiDAR data contrasted with field data (Radj2 0.89, MAE 15.1%, RMSE 22.9%). Research highlights: Eq. 1 and Eq. 3 combined with high resolution LiDAR information offer rockrose (Cistus laurifolius L.) biomass estimations without added field work costs that are an improvement on certain more general studies carried out in other areas of Spain.

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Borz, Stelian Alexandru, Nicolae Talagai, Marius Cheţa, Diana Chiriloiu, Alex Vinicio Gavilanes Montoya, Danny Daniel Castillo Vizuete, and Marina Viorela Marcu. "Physical Strain, Exposure to Noise and Postural Assessment in Motor-Manual Felling of Willow Short Rotation Coppice." Croatian journal of forest engineering 40, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2019.550.

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Biomass for energy production and other bioproducts may be procured from various sources including willow short-rotation coppice (WSRC). Management of WSRCs involves several operations, including harvesting, which accounts for the greatest cost share and, if conducted motor-manually, it can expose the workers to noise, uncomfortable work postures and high cardiovascular loads. In this study, we evaluated the productivity, physical strain, exposure to noise, and postural risk index of workers operating in motor-manual felling of WSRC using a set of automatic dataloggers. Productivity of felling operations was rated at 0.07 ha/h, which is in line with the results reported by other studies. Cardiovascular load was rated at cca. 35% of the HRR, indicating a medium to heavy work experienced by the feller, with a greater contribution of tasks involving movement. Exposure to noise (LEX,8h = 95.19) exceeded the limit value set by the European legislation (87 dBA) and it could increase as a function of the engine utilization rate, which was 68% in this study, advocating for mandatory wearing of protective equipment. Postural risk index was evaluated at 191.11% for the worker handling the brush cutter and at 192.02% for the manual assistant indicating rather reduced risks, but also the need to evaluate how the dynamic work of the upper limbs would affect the workers’ health. While this work stands for a preliminary case study, the procedures described may be successfully used to easily collect long-term data in such operations.

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Santos, Natasha Kevellyn dos, Daniel Pasquini, and Milla Alves Baffi. "Factors that influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural wastes for ethanol production: a review." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 8, no. 11 (December 20, 2022): 15137–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl8iss11pp15137-01e.

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Lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural and forestry residues, can be reused and serve as sources of sugars for the production of second-generation ethanol (2G) and other bioproducts. However, these wastes are composed by molecules of difficult degradation, which require steps of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for their bioconversion into fermentable sugars. At the same time, chemical substances with a potential inhibitory effect on the microbial metabolism can also be produced after the pretreatments and hinder the overall yield of the hydrolytic process. For an efficient and low-cost hydrolysis, homemade enzymes produced from agroindustrial residues, such as sugarcane bagasse, can be employed. However, a set of parameters might be adjusted, such as: kind of pretreatment, enzyme load, solids load, hydrolysis time and use of additives, to improve the yields in free sugars using these onsite enzymatic preparations. In this sense, studies involving the optimization of the conditions of pretreatment and saccharification are essential to increase the bioconversion rate of lignocellulose. These strategies are important for the production of value-added products from these wastes and, consequently, offer a correct and profitable destination to them. Hence, this study presents a review of the main features that influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural wastes and the yield in reducing sugars for ethanol production.

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Akhtari, Shaghaygh, Taraneh Sowlati, and Verena C. Griess. "Optimal Design of a Forest-Based Biomass Supply Chain Based on the Decision maker’s Viewpoint Towards Risk." Forest Science 66, no. 4 (May 4, 2019): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz013.

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Abstract Economic viability is one of the main considerations in bioenergy and biofuel projects and is impacted by uncertainty in biomass availability, cost, and quality, and bioenergy and biofuel demand and prices. One important aspect of decisionmaking under uncertainty is the viewpoint of the decision maker towards risk, which is overlooked in the biomass supply chain management literature. In this paper, we address this gap by evaluating alternative supply chain designs taking into account uncertain future conditions resulting from changes in biomass availability and cost, and bioproduct and energy prices. Three decision rules, maximax, minimax regret, and maximin, representing, respectively, optimistic, opportunistic, and pessimistic perspectives, are used for evaluation. It is assumed that the decision maker has knowledge about the potential future events, but the likelihood of their occurrence is unknown. According to the results of the case study, investment in bioenergy and biofuel conversion facilities was recommended based on optimistic and opportunistic viewpoints. Production of both bienergy and biofuels would not be profitable under pessimistic conditions. Therefore, investment in only bienergy facilities was prescribed under pessimistic conditions.

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Wang, Jingxin, Shirong Liu, Tom Gallagher, David DeVallance, and Levente Denes. "Forest Biomass Utilization for Biofuels and Bioproducts." International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/656834.

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Baala Harini, Anandapadmanaban, and Renganathan Rajkumar. "Development of sustainable bioproducts from microalgae biomass: Current status and future perspectives." BioResources 17, no. 4 (October 28, 2022): 7285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.harini.

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Population and pollution make notable contributions to introducing novel sophisticated techniques. From vehicles to industries, the release of CO2 into the atmosphere and wastewater into the running water streams are key concerns. On the other hand, the population is responsible for the rapid manufacturing of all commercial goods. Microalgae are the only answer accessible for the aforementioned difficulties. Similar to plants, microalgae need CO2 and light to thrive and produce a variety of bioproducts such as carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, sterols, pigments, and silica. Physical (light, temperature, CO2, and UV), chemical (nutrient addition or depletion), enzymatic, and metabolic pathway reconfiguration, as well as indoor or outdoor growing, are highly regarded among the several optimization strategies to make desired products. Wastewater pollution is rectified by growing microalgae in nutrient-rich organic water for their growth, which is used to accelerate bioproducts. This review considers the use of bioproducts in food, animal and aquatic feed, fertilizer, biofuel, medicinal and nutraceutical sectors. This paper also provides different optimization strategies, which include physical and chemical means of extraction methods for enhancing bioactive products. Challenges and future recommendations for enhancing target bioproducts are discussed to overcome environmental issues.

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Muizniece, Indra, Armands Gravelsins, Indulis Brauners, Andra Blumberga, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Innovative Bioproducts from Forest Biomass. Method of Analysis." Energy Procedia 113 (May 2017): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.04.035.

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Zhu, Shousong, Lauren Higa, Antonia Barela, Caitlyn Lee, Yinhua Chen, and Zhi-Yan Du. "Microalgal Consortia for Waste Treatment and Valuable Bioproducts." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020884.

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Microalgae have been considered a promising and sustainable candidate for wastewater treatment and valuable bioproducts, such as feedstocks for food, nutrients, and energy. However, many challenging bottlenecks, such as low biomass productivity, expensive biomass harvesting techniques, and inefficient extraction of biofuels restrict its large-scale commercial production. Symbiotic relationships between microalgae and bacteria, also known as microalgal consortia, have proven to be effective solutions for mitigating technical and economic limitations. The natural and artificial symbiotic microalgal consortia combine microorganisms with various metabolic activities, which leads to valuable biomass production and the removal of nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCP) from wastewater. Many microalgal consortia have been applied for various wastewater treatments with reduced energy costs and higher efficiency in recovering valuable resources. In this study we review the present research status and prospects of microalgal consortia, emphasizing the associated mechanism of microalgae consortia cooperative symbiosis and its studies on diverse environmental and biotechnological applications.

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Laurens, Lieve M. L., Eric P. Knoshaug, Holly Rohrer, Stefanie Van Wychen, Nancy Dowe, and Min Zhang. "Solvent-free spectroscopic method for high-throughput, quantitative screening of fatty acids in yeast biomass." Analytical Methods 11, no. 1 (2019): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay02416b.

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Calijuri, Maria Lúcia, Thiago Abrantes Silva, Iara Barbosa Magalhães, Alexia Saleme Aona de Paula Pereira, Bianca Barros Marangon, Letícia Rodrigues de Assis, and Juliana Ferreira Lorentz. "Bioproducts from microalgae biomass: Technology, sustainability, challenges and opportunities." Chemosphere 305 (October 2022): 135508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135508.

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Dolganyuk, Vyacheslav, Daria Belova, Olga Babich, Alexander Prosekov, Svetlana Ivanova, Dmitry Katserov, Nikolai Patyukov, and Stanislav Sukhikh. "Microalgae: A Promising Source of Valuable Bioproducts." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081153.

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Microalgae are a group of autotrophic microorganisms that live in marine, freshwater and soil ecosystems and produce organic substances in the process of photosynthesis. Due to their high metabolic flexibility, adaptation to various cultivation conditions as well as the possibility of rapid growth, the number of studies on their use as a source of biologically valuable products is growing rapidly. Currently, integrated technologies for the cultivation of microalgae aiming to isolate various biologically active substances from biomass to increase the profitability of algae production are being sought. To implement this kind of development, the high productivity of industrial cultivation systems must be accompanied by the ability to control the biosynthesis of biologically valuable compounds in conditions of intensive culture growth. The review considers the main factors (temperature, pH, component composition, etc.) that affect the biomass growth process and the biologically active substance synthesis in microalgae. The advantages and disadvantages of existing cultivation methods are outlined. An analysis of various methods for the isolation and overproduction of the main biologically active substances of microalgae (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments and vitamins) is presented and new technologies and approaches aimed at using microalgae as promising ingredients in value-added products are considered.

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Pérez Bayer, Juan Fernando, Rolando Barrera, and Gloria Lucía Ramírez Córdoba. "INTEGRACIÓN DE PLANTACIONES FORESTALES COMERCIALES COLOMBIANAS EN CONCEPTOS DE BIORREFINERÍA TERMOQUÍMICA: UNA REVISIÓN." Colombia Forestal 18, no. 2 Preprint (June 17, 2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.colomb.for.2015.2.a07.

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<span>La integración de las plantaciones forestales comerciales colombianas en conceptos de biorrefinería se justifica desde las perspectivas técnica, energética, social y ambiental; adicionalmente se enmarca dentro de diversos planes y políticas de gobierno que consideran el aprovechamiento energético de la biomasa como alternativa recursiva para el potencial silvicultural del país. En este trabajo se revisan algunos procesos específicos que pueden evaluarse como posibles estrategias de integración de la madera plantada en Colombia bajo el concepto de biorrefinería. Se abarcan procesos de gasificación de baja-media potencia, gasificación a escala industrial para producción de biocombustibles de alta calidad, procesos de mejoramiento de la madera como biocombustible sólido, y la producción de biocarbón mediante métodos alternativos; por último, se revisa el mercado potencial de productos forestales de valor agregado. A modo de conclusión se destaca el alto potencial forestal de Colombia, por tanto, la unión estratégica entre universidades, centros de investigación y el sector forestal debe buscar la eficiencia e innovar para ofrecer productos diferenciadores y con valor agregado, aprovechando la existencia de nichos de mercado prácticamente inexplorados en Colombia, como la bioenergía y los bioproductos. A ese punto se dirige esta revisión, pues es necesario avanzar en el conocimiento que se tiene de las características y posibles usos de algunas especies forestales que se cultivan en el país desde conceptos de biorrefinería para bioenergía, biocombustibles y bioproductos bajo una perspectiva de sostenibilidad.</span>

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García-Vargas, Minerva C., María del Mar Contreras, and Eulogio Castro. "Avocado-Derived Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy and Bioproducts." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 8195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228195.

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The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tree native to Mexico and Guatemala. Avocado consumption, fresh or in the form of processed products, is growing everywhere and it has caused a large number of countries to invest heavily in avocado production. The industrialization of avocado gives as a result a huge amount of waste, not only the peel and stone but also that waste generated by the pruning practices and oil extraction. These biomasses could be converted into raw materials to obtain different types of co-products, but this implies changes in the use of these resources, the design of efficient production systems, and integration to take full advantage of them, e.g., by developing biorefinery models. Therefore, this review firstly gives a snapshot of those residues generated in the avocado industry and provides their chemical composition. Secondly, this review presents updated information about the valorization ways of avocado-derived biomass to obtain bioenergy, biofuels, and other marketable products (starch, protein, phenolic compounds, and biosorbents, among others) using a single process or integrated processes within a biorefinery context. Green technologies to obtain these products are also covered, e.g., based on the application of microwaves, ultrasound, supercritical fluids, etc. As a conclusion, there is a variety of ways to valorize avocado waste in single processes, but it would be promising to develop biorefinery schemes. This would enable the avocado sector to move towards the zero-waste principle.

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Prakasham, Reddy Shetty, Darmarapu Nagaiah, Kanaganahalli S. Vinutha, Addepally Uma, Thulluri Chiranjeevi, Akula V. Umakanth, Pinnamaneni Srinivasa Rao, and Ning Yan. "Sorghum biomass: a novel renewable carbon source for industrial bioproducts." Biofuels 5, no. 2 (March 2014): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bfs.13.74.

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Zhang, Xiao, Maobing Tu, and Michael G. Paice. "Routes to Potential Bioproducts from Lignocellulosic Biomass Lignin and Hemicelluloses." BioEnergy Research 4, no. 4 (August 20, 2011): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-011-9147-1.

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Seidl, Peter R., and Adriana K. Goulart. "Pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic biomass conversion to biofuels and bioproducts." Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2 (October 2016): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2016.09.003.

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Sharma, Surbhi, Mei-Ling Tsai, Vishal Sharma, Pei-Pei Sun, Parushi Nargotra, Bijender Kumar Bajaj, Chiu-Wen Chen, and Cheng-Di Dong. "Environment Friendly Pretreatment Approaches for the Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Biofuels and Value-Added Products." Environments 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10010006.

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An upsurge in global population and rapid urbanization has accelerated huge dependence on petroleum-derived fuels and consequent environmental concerns owing to greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. An integrated biorefinery uses lignocellulosic feedstock as raw material for the production of renewable biofuels, and other fine chemicals. The sustainable bio-economy and the biorefinery industry would benefit greatly from the effective use of lignocellulosic biomass obtained from agricultural feedstocks to replace petrochemical products. Lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and other extractives, which are essential components of lignocellulosic biomass, must be separated or upgraded into useful forms in order to fully realize the potential of biorefinery. The development of low-cost and green pretreatment technologies with effective biomass deconstruction potential is imperative for an efficient bioprocess. The abundance of microorganisms along with their continuous production of various degradative enzymes makes them suited for the environmentally friendly bioconversion of agro-industrial wastes into viable bioproducts. The present review highlights the concept of biorefinery, lignocellulosic biomass, and its valorization by green pretreatment strategies into biofuels and other biochemicals. The major barriers and challenges in bioconversion technologies, environmental sustainability of the bioproducts, and promising solutions to alleviate those bottlenecks are also summarized.

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Honorato-Salazar, José Amador, Jorge Aburto, and Myriam Adela Amezcua-Allieri. "Agave and Opuntia Species as Sustainable Feedstocks for Bioenergy and Byproducts." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 12263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112263.

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Currently, Mexico is facing an energy transition, therefore updated policy regulations pertaining to the sustainable use of biomass are needed. In particular, policy that favors the sustainable use of biomass to produce energy and bioproducts to privilege climate change mitigation is needed. This review describes the use of maguey (Agave spp.) and nopal (Opuntia spp.; also known as “cactus”) for biofuel production, especially in marginal areas. Emphasis is given on documented case studies discussing features of production and cultivation for both maguey and nopal, in addition to their potential for fuel production. Environmental and social sustainability issues in terms of waste value and new opportunities as bioenergy feedstocks and byproducts are also discussed. Although the paper does not deeply describe aspects of biomass transformation, such as bioprocess configurations, it gives characteristics of production in addition to cultivation. Agave and Opuntia species may represent a suitable feedstock for biofuels, bioproducts, bioenergy and biorefineries, especially in dry lands (semi-arid and dry sub-humid), deforested areas, agroforestry systems and agricultural semi-terraces known as metepantle in Mexico.

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Ammar, Ehab M., Neha Arora, and George P. Philippidis. "The Prospects of Agricultural and Food Residue Hydrolysates for Sustainable Production of Algal Products." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 6427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236427.

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The growing demand of microalgal biomass for biofuels, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, animal feed, and other bioproducts has created a strong interest in developing low-cost sustainable cultivation media and methods. Agricultural and food residues represent low-cost abundant and renewable sources of organic carbon that can be valorized for the cultivation of microalgae, while converting them from an environmental liability to an industrial asset. Biochemical treatment of such residues results in the release of various sugars, primarily glucose, sucrose, fructose, arabinose, and xylose along with other nutrients, such as trace elements. These sugars and nutrients can be metabolized in the absence of light (heterotrophic) or the presence of light (mixotrophic) by a variety of microalgae species for biomass and bioproduct production. The present review provides an up-to-date critical assessment of the prospects of various types of agricultural and food residues to serve as algae feedstocks and the microalgae species that can be grown on such residues under a range of cultivation conditions. Utilization of these feedstocks can create potential industrial applications for sustainable production of microalgal biomass and bioproducts.

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K., Santhoshkumar, Prasanthkumar S., and J. G. Ray. "Chlorococcum humicola (Nageli) Rabenhorst as a Renewable Source of Bioproducts and Biofuel." Journal of Plant Studies 5, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v5n1p48.

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Among the diverse new generation biomass yielding species, green algae are the most promising organisms. Compared to biomass production of other organisms, production of algae is less laborious, quite fast, and more economical. Moreover, eutrophicated waters get naturally purified in the cultivation process of algae. Algal biomass from monoculture of specific species, which are rich in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, is considered a good source of diverse bio-products and feed-stock for food, feeds and bio-fuels. Quantity and quality of algal biomass for specific products depend on the species and strains as well as environmental conditions of cultivation. In this connection, biomass productivity and oil-yield of a local strain of <em>Chlorococcum humicola </em>(Nageli) Rabenhorst was assessed in Bold’s Basal Medium. Long-term storage capacity of the alga was tried by entrapping the algal cells in sodium alginate beads, which showed viability up to 14 months. Estimation of total carbohydrate, protein, lipid and chemical characterization of oil as well as the feasibility of its conversion to biodiesel revealed the industrial potential of this local strain as a source of food and biofuel. Fatty acid profiling of the extracted oil showed that 70% are mono-saturated and 12.2 % are nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids. The oil could be effectively trans-esterified to methyl esters and the conversion was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Further standardization of the mass production of the alga in natural environmental conditions for biomass and oil is progressing to optimize its value as globally competent food, nutraceutical and biofuel resource.

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Hummel, F. C. "Biomass forestry." Land Use Policy 5, no. 4 (October 1988): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(88)90072-5.

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Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Ashok Pandey, Mattheos Koffas, Solange I. Mussatto, and Sunil Khare. "Biobased biorefineries: Sustainable bioprocesses and bioproducts from biomass/bioresources special issue." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 167 (October 2022): 112683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112683.

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Welker, Cassie, Vimal Balasubramanian, Carloalberto Petti, Krishan Rai, Seth DeBolt, and Venugopal Mendu. "Engineering Plant Biomass Lignin Content and Composition for Biofuels and Bioproducts." Energies 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2015): 7654–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8087654.

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Sharma, Hem Kanta, Chunbao Xu, and Wensheng Qin. "Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuels and Bioproducts: An Overview." Waste and Biomass Valorization 10, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-0059-y.

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Morales, Gabriel, Jose Iglesias, and Juan A. Melero. "Sustainable Catalytic Conversion of Biomass for the Production of Biofuels and Bioproducts." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050581.

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Belletante, Ségolène, Ludovic Montastruc, Michel Meyer, Heri Hermansyah, and Stéphane Negny. "Multiproduct biorefinery optimal design: application to the acetone-butanol-ethanol system." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 75 (2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2020002.

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The bioproduct from biomass appears to be major interests for future years given the spectacular and fast advances in microbiology. But the industrial developments of the new bioproducts production struggle to follow this constant and massive creation. Therefore, to estimate the potential of new bioproducts is necessary to pre-design biorefineries with the highest relevance. This study proposes a methodology assessing the relevance of such industrialized production. The presented tool is a multi-scale methodology describing a decision-support tool for the determination of an optimal biorefinery from a superstructure through process simulation, and economic and environmental evaluations. To optimize the biorefinery, energy integration is also applied on the selected processes, because a biorefinery needs a large amount of energy to operate, especially in the pretreatment and purification steps of the process due to huge water flowrate. Thus, the tool designs an efficient, profitable and sustainable biorefinery. We demonstrate our methodology capabilities with the acetone, butanol and ethanol production (ABE system) from lignocellulosic biomass, especially from wood wastes.

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Su, Yide, Weiwei Zhang, Aili Zhang, and Wenju Shao. "Biorefinery: The Production of Isobutanol from Biomass Feedstocks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 8222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228222.

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Environmental issues have prompted the vigorous development of biorefineries that use agricultural waste and other biomass feedstock as raw materials. However, most current biorefinery products are cellulosic ethanol. There is an urgent need for biorefineries to expand into new bioproducts. Isobutanol is an important bulk chemical with properties that are close to gasoline, making it a very promising biofuel. The use of microorganisms to produce isobutanol has been extensively studied, but there is still a considerable gap to achieving the industrial production of isobutanol from biomass. This review summarizes current metabolic engineering strategies that have been applied to biomass isobutanol production and recent advances in the production of isobutanol from different biomass feedstocks.

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Chaves, Julie E., Gerald N. Presley, and Joshua K. Michener. "Modular Engineering of Biomass Degradation Pathways." Processes 7, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7040230.

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Production of fuels and chemicals from renewable lignocellulosic feedstocks is a promising alternative to petroleum-derived compounds. Due to the complexity of lignocellulosic feedstocks, microbial conversion of all potential substrates will require substantial metabolic engineering. Non-model microbes offer desirable physiological traits, but also increase the difficulty of heterologous pathway engineering and optimization. The development of modular design principles that allow metabolic pathways to be used in a variety of novel microbes with minimal strain-specific optimization will enable the rapid construction of microbes for commercial production of biofuels and bioproducts. In this review, we discuss variability of lignocellulosic feedstocks, pathways for catabolism of lignocellulose-derived compounds, challenges to heterologous engineering of catabolic pathways, and opportunities to apply modular pathway design. Implementation of these approaches will simplify the process of modifying non-model microbes to convert diverse lignocellulosic feedstocks.

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Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz, Muhammad Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah, Mohammed Abdillah Ahmad Farid, Siti Shazra Shazleen, Muhammad Syukri Mohamad Misenan, Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar, Jesuarockiam Naveen, et al. "Greener Pretreatment Approaches for the Valorisation of Natural Fibre Biomass into Bioproducts." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172971.

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The utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in various applications has a promising potential as advanced technology progresses due to its renowned advantages as cheap and abundant feedstock. The main drawback in the utilization of this type of biomass is the essential requirement for the pretreatment process. The most common pretreatment process applied is chemical pretreatment. However, it is a non-eco-friendly process. Therefore, this review aims to bring into light several greener pretreatment processes as an alternative approach for the current chemical pretreatment. The main processes for each physical and biological pretreatment process are reviewed and highlighted. Additionally, recent advances in the effect of different non-chemical pretreatment approaches for the natural fibres are also critically discussed with a focus on bioproducts conversion.

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Bhalamurugan, Gatamaneni Loganathan, Orsat Valerie, and Lefsrud Mark. "Valuable bioproducts obtained from microalgal biomass and their commercial applications: A review." Environmental Engineering Research 23, no. 3 (February 8, 2018): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2017.220.

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Olivares, José A. "Manuscripts from the 3rd International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels, and Bioproducts." Algal Research 6 (October 2014): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2014.10.001.

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Wang, Xuan, Yaoli Zhang, Changlei Xia, Ali Alqahtani, Ashutosh Sharma, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi. "A review on optimistic biorefinery products: Biofuel and bioproducts from algae biomass." Fuel 338 (April 2023): 127378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.127378.

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Karekar, Supriya, Renan Stefanini, and Birgitte Ahring. "Homo-Acetogens: Their Metabolism and Competitive Relationship with Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020397.

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Homo-acetogens are microbes that have the ability to grow on gaseous substrates such as H2/CO2/CO and produce acetic acid as the main product of their metabolism through a metabolic process called reductive acetogenesis. These acetogens are dispersed in nature and are found to grow in various biotopes on land, water and sediments. They are also commonly found in the gastro-intestinal track of herbivores that rely on a symbiotic relationship with microbes in order to breakdown lignocellulosic biomass to provide the animal with nutrients and energy. For this motive, the fermentation scheme that occurs in the rumen has been described equivalent to a consolidated bioprocessing fermentation for the production of bioproducts derived from livestock. This paper reviews current knowledge of homo-acetogenesis and its potential to improve efficiency in the rumen for production of bioproducts by replacing methanogens, the principal H2-scavengers in the rumen, thus serving as a form of carbon sink by deviating the formation of methane into bioproducts. In this review, we discuss the main strategies employed by the livestock industry to achieve methanogenesis inhibition, and also explore homo-acetogenic microorganisms and evaluate the members for potential traits and characteristics that may favor competitive advantage over methanogenesis, making them prospective candidates for competing with methanogens in ruminant animals.

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Hong, Min Eui, Won Seok Chang, Anil Kumar Patel, Mun Sei Oh, Jong Jun Lee, and Sang Jun Sim. "Microalgal-Based Carbon Sequestration by Converting LNG-Fired Waste CO2 into Red Gold Astaxanthin: The Potential Applicability." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091718.

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The combinatorial approach of anthropogenic activities and CO2 sequestration is becoming a global research trend to alleviate the average global temperature. Although microalgae have been widely used to capture CO2 from industrial flue gas, the application of bioproducts was limited to bioenergy due to the controversy over the quality and safety of the products in the food and feed industry. Herein, the waste CO2 emitted from large point sources was directly captured using astaxanthin-hyperproducing microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. Astaxanthin production was successfully carried out using the hypochlorous acid water-based axenic culture process under highly contamination-prone outdoor conditions. Consequently, after 36 days of autotrophic induction, the productivity of biomass and astaxanthin of H. pluvialis (the mutant) reached 0.127 g L−1 day−1 and 5.47 mg L−1 day−1 under high summer temperatures, respectively, which was 38% and 48% higher than that of wild type cell. After grinding the wet astaxanthin-enriched biomass, the extract was successfully approved by compliance validation testing from Korea Food and Drug Administration. The assorted feed improved an immune system of the poultry without causing any side effects. The flue gas-based bioproducts could certainly be used for health functional food for animals in the future.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Forestry biomass and bioproducts'

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