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1
Sinkevich, S. M., and V. A. Ananyev. "Forest code about forest use in protected forests." FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 3, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-2020-3-3-1-5.
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The description of the organization of forest exploitation in the fundamental law acts existing the last 40 years is analyzed. The role and age structure of the protective forests are briefly characterized. Need of active management for maintenance of functionality of the protective forests is formulated. The important role of forest code for development of regulatory documents and effective implementation of the concept of ecosystem services is shown.
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Hirsch, Philip. "Forests, Forest Reserve, and Forest Land in Thailand." Geographical Journal 156, no. 2 (July 1990): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635324.
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Giannini, R., and L. Susmel. "Forests, woods, forest plantations." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 3, no. 4 (December 18, 2006): 464–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0424-0030464.
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Safe'i, Rahmat, Christine Wulandari, and Hari Kaskoyo. "Assessment of Forest Health in Various Forest Types in Lampung Province." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 1 (February 17, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1795-109.
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In Lampung Province, awareness of the importance of forest health in achieving sustainable forest management in various types of forests is still low so that forest health problems have not received serious attention so far. This study aims to obtain indicators of forest health assessment and the status of forest health conditions in various types of forests in Lampung Province. This research was carried out in mangrove and community forests in East Lampung District, and protected and conservation forests in Tanggamus District in 2018. The stages of this study consisted of formulating guarantees of forest health indicators, making measuring plots, measuring forest health, processing data, and forest health assessment. The results showed that indicators for assessing the health of forests in mangrove forests are vitality and biodiversity, in community forests are productivity, vitality and site quality, in protected forests are biodiversity, vitality and productivity, and in conservation forests are biodiversity and productivity. The status of health conditions in each cluster of plots in mangrove forest is bad and good, in community forests is good and medium, in protected forests is bad and good, and in conservation forests are bad and good.Keywords: indicator, forest health status, forest types, Lampung Province
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Ahmed, Ayaz. "Effects of joint forest management on forest conditions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Technium EcoGeoMarine 1, no. 1 (September 28, 2022): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/eco.v1i1.7476.
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This study measured the effects of joint forest management (JFM) on forest conditions in purposively selected three forest divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The technique of experimental (JFM) versus control (non-JFM) group was applied. Assessment was made between JFM forest and nearby similar non-JFM forest located in the same forest-ecological and socio-economic settings. A total of 393 sample plots (234 from JFM forests while 159 from non-JFM forests) were assessed. Results of independent sample t-test revealed significant difference between JFM and non-JFM forests. Average tree density of JFM forests was 276 trees/ha while for non-JFM forests it was 247 trees/ha. Similarly average seedlings density/ha in JFM forests was 3114 as compared to 1987 in non-JFM forests. Data analysis explored that human disturbances were more in non-JFM forests as compared to JFM forests where joint forest management committees played active role in their protection. In JFM forests, forest protection and improvement activities were observed more times as compared to non-JFM forests. So, this can be concluded that JFM has remarkable contribution in protection and improvement of forests in study areas. It is recommended that network of JFMCs should be extended to non-JFM forests for protecting them from further degradation.
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Petković, Vladimir, Dane Marčeta, and Igor Potočnik. "Optimization of primary forest accessibility in high forests with natural regeneration." Šumarski list 146, no. 9-10 (October 29, 2022): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.146.9-10.4.
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Optimization of primary forest accessibility is observed from the point of intensity of forest management and terrain relief conditions of the forest area. Optimization of primary forest accessibility is the first phase of the planning of primary forest traffic infrastructure. The second phase is designing of new primary forest traffic infrastructure. The high forests with natural regeneration (high forests) in the public forests are selected for optimization of accessibility because they are the most valuable forest category from the point of quantity and quality of timber. Planning of primary forest traffic infrastructure implies analysis of actual primary forest accessibility of high forests, determination of optimal density of primary forest traffic infrastructure, defining of suitability of high forests area for construction of primary forest traffic infrastructure and upgrading of actual primary forest traffic infrastructure with new routes of primary forest traffic infrastructure. Optimization of primary forest accessibility in hilly and mountainous high forests was done in two Management Units, Prosara and Bobija-Ribnik. Optimal density of primary forest traffic infrastructure ranges from 24 to 26 m/ha. Results showed that high forests have potential for sustainable forest management.
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Saigal, Sushil. "Improving forest governance: Experience of Joint Forest Management in India." Social Change 33, no. 2-3 (June 2003): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570303300303.
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There is an increasing interest in community-based forest management as a potential approach for improving forest governance. India is among the few countries in the world where such an approach-called Joint Forest Management (JFM)-has not only been successfully introduced but also achieved large-scale implementation, covering 18% of all state forests. Forests cover 23% of India's geographical area and almost all are under state ownership. However, over half the forests are in a degraded condition. Forests also provide livelihood support to a large proportion of the population, especially the poor. Around 147 million people live in and around forests. But until the 1980s, the focus was on commercial forestry and people were excluded from forest management. This led to forest degradation on the one hand, and conflicts between the Forest Department and local communities on the other. A new policy in 1988 stressed forest management for ecosystem services and meeting local communities’ needs. Under this policy, Joint Forest Management promoted agreements between the Forest Department and village communities to jointly protect and manage adjacent forest land and to share responsibilities and benefits. JFM has had several positive impacts on forest governance in the form of improved forest condition, increased income and livelihood opportunities for participating communities and, most importantly, a dramatic change in the attitude of communities and the Forest Department towards each other and toward forests. Although challenges still remain, if implemented in its true spirit, JFM can be a viable long-term strategy for contributing towards the goals of sustainable livelihoods and forest management.
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Grużewska, Agata, Katarzyna Rymuza, and Marek Niewęgłowski. "Variation Between Voivodships in Terms of Forest Area and Silviculture Activities in Polish Forests in 2015-2019." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021): 524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.037.
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The objective of the study reported here was to compare voivodships in terms of forest area, forest regeneration area, afforested area, thinned forest area and natural forest regeneration area Main Statistical Office data for Polish voivodships was analysed. It included forest area, natural forest regeneration and silviculture activities (forest regeneration, afforestations and thinning) in all forests, state-owned forests and privately-owned forests. Voivodships were compared using the arithmetic mean, the indicator of structure, the average rate of change, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Principal Component Analysis, revealed that state-owned forest area, forest regeneration in state forests, total forest regeneration, and thinning in state-owned forests had the greatest share in the multivariate variation among voivodships analysed in terms of forestry. Cluster analysis yielded two groups of voivodships. The voivodships in the first group had a higher average total forest area, area of state-owned forests, total area of forest regeneration and forest regeneration in state-owned forests, area of natural forest regeneration and thinning in state-owned forests. On average, forests of voivodships which formed group 2 included less privately-owned forests in which fewer forest regeneration and afforestation activities had been conducted. Opolskie and Śląskie Voivodships as well as Łódzkie and Świętokrzyskie Voivodships were the most similar in terms of all the analysed characteristics.
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Pacala, Stephen W., Charles D. Canham, and J. A. Silander Jr. "Forest models defined by field measurements: I. The design of a northeastern forest simulator." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 1980–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-249.
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We introduce a new spatially explicit model of forest dynamics. The model is constructed from submodels that predict an individual tree's growth, survival, dispersal, and recruitment, and submodels that predict the local availability of resources. Competition is entirely mechanistic; plants interfere with one another only by depleting resources. We also describe maximum likelihood methods for estimating each of the submodels from data collected in the field. Over the past two years, we collected the necessary data for the dominant tree species in the Great Mountain Forest (Norfolk, Conn.). We report estimates of submodels for each species, and show that the calibrated population dynamic model predicts the structure and dynamics of natural forests. Finally, we contrast our model with the JABOWA–FORET family of forest models.
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Zhao, Junfang, Jinlong Ai, Yujie Zhu, Ruixi Huang, Huiwen Peng, and Hongfei Xie. "Carbon budget of different forests in China estimated by an individual-based model and remote sensing." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 9, 2023): e0285790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285790.
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Forests play a key role in the regional or global carbon cycle. Determining the forest carbon budget is of great significance for estimating regional carbon budgets and formulating forest management policies to cope with climate change. However, the carbon budget of Chinese different forests and their relative contributions are not completely clear so far. We evaluated the carbon budget of different forests from 1981 to 2020 in China through combining model with remote sensing observation. In addition, we also determined the relative contribution of carbon budget of each forest type to all forests in China. Eight forest types were studied: evergreen coniferous forest (ECF), deciduous coniferous forest (DCF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBF), deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest (EDBF), seasonal rain forest (SRF), and rain forest (RF). The results indicated that the Chinese forests were mainly carbon sink from 1981 to 2020, particularly the annual average carbon budget of forest from 2011 to 2020 was 0.191 PgC·a-1. Spatially, the forests’ carbon budget demonstrated obvious regional differences, gradually decreasing from Southeast China to Northwest China. The relative contributions of carbon budget in different forests to all forests in China were different. During 2011–2020, the ECF forests contributed the most carbon budget (34.45%), followed by DBF forests (25.89%), EBF forests (24.82%), EDBF forests (13.10%), RF forests (2.23%), SRF forests (3.14%) and CBF forests (1.14%). However, the DCF forests were found mainly as carbon source. These results contribute to our understanding of regional carbon budget of forests.
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Li, P., J. Zhu, H. Hu, Z. Guo, Y. Pan, R. Birdsey, and J. Fang. "The relative contributions of forest growth and areal expansion to forest biomass carbon." Biogeosciences 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2016): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-375-2016.
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Abstract. Forests play a leading role in regional and global terrestrial carbon (C) cycles. Changes in C sequestration within forests can be attributed to areal expansion (increase in forest area) and forest growth (increase in biomass density). Detailed assessment of the relative contributions of areal expansion and forest growth to C sinks is crucial to reveal the mechanisms that control forest C sinks and it is helpful for developing sustainable forest management policies in the face of climate change. Using the Forest Identity concept and forest inventory data, this study quantified the spatial and temporal changes in the relative contributions of forest areal expansion and increased biomass growth to China's forest biomass C sinks from 1977 to 2008. Over the last 30 years, the areal expansion of forests has been a larger contributor to C sinks than forest growth for planted forests in China (62.2 % vs. 37.8 %). However, for natural forests, forest growth has made a larger contribution than areal expansion (60.4 % vs. 39.6 %). For all forests (planted and natural forests), growth in area and density has contributed equally to the total C sinks of forest biomass in China (50.4 % vs. 49.6 %).The relative contribution of forest growth of planted forests showed an increasing trend from an initial 25.3 % to 61.0 % in the later period of 1998 to 2003, but for natural forests, the relative contributions were variable without clear trends, owing to the drastic changes in forest area and biomass density over the last 30 years. Our findings suggest that afforestation will continue to increase the C sink of China's forests in the future, subject to sustainable forest growth after the establishment of plantations.
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Bondar, O. B., L. I. Tkach, O. O. Chuikova, and A. S. Zolotarova. "Типологічне різноманіття лісів на водозборі річки Сіверський Донець на території Луганської області." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 3 (August 13, 2017): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_59.
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Typological analysis of watershed forests of the Seversky Donets River was carried out on the basis of forest management data with electronic databases of "Ukrderzhlisproekt" Production Association. More than 27 types of forest were analyzed with total size of 228.2 thousand hectares. The classification of forest growth conditions, forest types and tree species on the left and right banks of the Seversky Donets River was done for the Luhansk region. We determined that the forest fund of the Luhansk region consists from the oak forests – 46.4 %, sudubrava – 21.1 %, conifer forest – 17.5 %. The proportion of coniferous forests makes up to 15.0 % of total forest area. We calculated that the area of common oak and common pine is 86.9 and 70.9·103 ha respectively. The following types of forests are prevailing: dry birchbark-marple sudubrava (30.8 %), fresh oak-pine sudubrava (13.1%), dry Tatarian maple sudubrava (12.9%), and fresh pine forest (10.6%). In the forest area of the Luhansk region we registered 70 tree species, of which 19 species – in oak-pine forest; 37 – in conifer forest; 55 – in sudubrava; 59 – in oak forest. By categories of protection the recreation forests (51.7 %) and protective forests (42.0 %) are the dominant. The forests of nature protection, forests of scientific, historical and cultural significance have only 6.4 % from the total forest area. The structure of forests by age groups was: middle-aged forests – 41.3 %, young growths – 17.8 %, ripening forests – 15.5 %, mature forests – 16.7 %, and old growth forests – 13.3 % from total forest area of Luhansk region.
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DORJI, LAM, EDWARD L. WEBB, and GANESH P. SHIVAKOTI. "Forest property rights under nationalized forest management in Bhutan." Environmental Conservation 33, no. 2 (June 2006): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906002979.
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Forest nationalization policies in Asia have often resulted in decreased local property rights over forests and users' short-term exploitative behaviour, leading to degradation of forests. Bhutan's centralized forest management structure was initiated with the Forest Act of 1969. This paper evaluates how nationalization of forests in Bhutan changed forest property rights and associated incentives and disincentives and management outcomes for leaf-litter forests (sokshing) and non-sokshing forests. Using the International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IRFI) research protocols, 12 sites across Bhutan's broadleaf zones were surveyed. Changes in forest property rights were analysed using Ostrom and Schlager's ‘bundles of rights’ framework. The forest nationalization policy changed the array of de jure rights that local people had over both traditionally community-used forests (the majority of forests) and small blocks of sokshings that were usually owned by a household and managed to produce valuable leaf litter for their agriculture livelihoods. There was more compliance with regulations in sokshing than in non-sokshing forests. Non-compliance of local people with forest conservation occurred in areas where the chance of being caught for rule breaking was perceived to be low or the costs of compliance were high. This was almost exclusively the case in non-sokshing forest in the form of widespread but low-intensity illegal tree cutting. The continuing significance of sokshing for agricultural livelihoods serves as a strong incentive for conservation of sokshings by rural people, even though the sokshings are under ultimate state control. The successful management of forests requires minimal difference between de jure policies and de facto practices for which rules that allocate property rights and the way those rules are enforced are important elements. Conservation and management rights of non-sokshing for communities would not only promote local stewardship, but also put the limited capacity of the Department of Forest to best use. Increased deforestation around villages may result, because modern development alternatives may make leaf litter insignificant for agriculture.
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Meng, Yan, Banghua Cao, Chao Dong, and Xiaofeng Dong. "Mount Taishan Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment Based on Forest Inventory Data." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2019): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080657.
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Forest health is an important aspect of sustainable forest management. The practical significance of health assessments of forest ecosystems is becoming more and more prominent because good knowledge about the health level of forests and the causes of unhealthy forests enables the identification of proper actions for enhancing sustainable development of forest ecosystems. This paper evaluated the health status of the forest ecosystem of Mount Taishan using the spatial analysis technique of GIS (Geographic Information System) and local forest inventory data. A comprehensive indicator system that reflects the health status of forestsin the study areawas established. Based on this indicator system, the health level of each sub-compartment of the forests in the study area was assessed. The results show that the high-quality grade forest (80.4 ha) and healthy grade forest (2671 ha) accounted for only 23.5% of the total forest area of Mount Taishan. About 60.5% of Mount Taishan forest was in a sub-health status. The area of unhealthy forests was 1865 ha (accounting for 16% of the total forest area), of which about 98 ha was inextremely unhealthy conditions.Asmore than two-thirds of the forests in Mount Taishan are in a sub-health or unhealthy state, effective measures for improving forest health are in urgent need in the study area.
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Shlapak, V. P. "LEAFY FORESTS OF BILOHRUDIVSKY FOREST." Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture, no. 1 (2018): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2018-1-87-95.
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Smith, D. W. "Commentary: Keeping Forests in Forest." Journal of Forestry 100, no. 3 (April 1, 2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/100.3.1.
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Li, P., J. Zhu, H. Hu, Z. Guo, Y. Pan, R. Birdsey, and J. Fang. "The relative contributions of forest growth and areal expansion to forest biomass carbon sinks in China." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 12 (June 30, 2015): 9587–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-9587-2015.
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Abstract. Forests play a leading role in regional and global terrestrial carbon (C) cycles. Changes in C sequestration within forests can be attributed to areal expansion (increase in forest area) and forest growth (increase in biomass density). Detailed assessment of the relative contributions of areal expansion and forest growth to C sinks is crucial to reveal the mechanisms that control forest C sinks and is helpful for developing sustainable forest management policies in the face of climate change. Using the Forest Identity concept and forest inventory data, this study quantified the spatial and temporal changes in the relative contributions of forest areal expansion and increased biomass growth to China's forest C sinks from 1977 to 2008. Over the last 30 years, the areal expansion of forests was a larger contributor to C sinks than forest growth for all forests and planted forests in China (74.6 vs. 25.4 % for all forests, and 62.4 vs. 37.8 % for plantations). However, for natural forests, forest growth made a larger contribution than areal expansion (60.4 vs. 39.6 %). The relative contribution of forest growth of planted forests showed an increasing trend from an initial 25.3 to 61.0 % in the later period of 1998 to 2003, but for natural forests, the relative contributions were variable without clear trends owing to the drastic changes in forest area and biomass density over the last 30 years. Our findings suggest that afforestation can continue to increase the C sink of China's forests in the future subject to persistently-increasing forest growth after establishment of plantation.
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Saxena, K. B. "The Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act 2023: A Threat to Forest Lands and Forest Dwellers." Social Change 54, no. 1 (March 2024): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857231222101.
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In order to check the increasing diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes, the Government of India enacted the Forest Conservation Act (FCA) 1980 which mandated the central government’s prior approval for any such diversions. This Act applied to land notified as forest under the Indian Forest Act 1927 or any other law, and the forest under the control of the forest department. The Supreme Court order in Godavarman Case (1996) expanded the definition of a forest for applicability of FCA to all forests irrespective of recognition, classification, and ownership, and also those conforming to the dictionary meaning of forests. This created operational problems. The 2023 amendments to FCA 1980 exempt certain forest lands from its purview and exclude certain activities from the definition of non-forest purposes. The amended law shrinks the forest cover besides subverting rights granted to forest dwellers under Central laws.
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Sadowska, Beata. "Forest protection costs in sustainable forest management. The example of Poland." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 46, no. 3 (August 28, 2022): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9602.
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Purpose: The main aim of the study is to analyze the costs of forest protection incurred by Poland's State Forests and to present the activities performed as part of forest protection. The specific objective is to present the method and place of disclosing and reporting information on actions to prevent damage to the forest and on the costs of forest protec-tion on a general level. Methodology/approach: The considerations in the study are presented against the views presented in the literature on the subject by selected authors. The methods of critical analysis and synthesis, inference, and a case study were used. The data for the analyses were taken from the financial and economic reports of the State Forests for the years 2016–2019, from the statistical studies „Forestry”, and reports obtained as part of the application submitted to the State Forests for the reuse of public sector information. Pearson's linear correlation analysis was used, as well as an agglomeration grouping method – Ward's method – which uses the analysis of variance approach in its procedures. Findings: The scale of forest protection measures varied between State Forests in the analyzed period. The highest costs for forest protection in total are borne by forest dis-tricts located in the area of State Forests in Wrocław, and the lowest costs for forest protection in total are borne by forest districts located in the area of State Forests in Kra-ków. The smallest area protected against insects covers forest districts located in the State Forests in Krakow. With the increase in the costs of forest protection, State Forest’s own costs also increase. The highest relationship was noted in 2017, with a correla-tion coefficient of 0.86. Research limitations: The research sample is limited to one country. Originality/value: The presented voice in the discussion fills the research gap in terms of information about State Forests’ activities to protect the forest and the subsequent costs incurred. The use of Ward’s method allowed similar regional directorates of State Forests to be grouped from the perspective of forest protection costs and protective measures (area approach), which is the basis for extended research in this area from the point of view of the natural diversity of these units (narrowing the research and conducting it in similar State Forests units).
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Lotfalian, M., S. Khosrozadeh, Hosseini SA, M. Kazemi, and N. Zare. "Determination of forest skid trail density in Caspian forests, Iran." Journal of Forest Science 62, No. 2 (June 3, 2016): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2015-jfs.
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Hlaváčková, P., and D. Březina. "Economic evaluation of the recreational use of forests: A case study of the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny." Journal of Forest Science 62, No. 9 (September 30, 2016): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/30/2016-jfs.
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Chursin, A. I., E. A. Nartova, N. A. Krukova, and A. A. Melentyev. "Forest management assessment of as forest use rational type." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 4 (February 1, 2022): 042091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/4/042091.
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Abstract The article touches upon the problem of Kuznetsk districtforest management, forestry structure analysis, as well as assessment of the region climatic factors. In conclusion, measures to improve forest management efficiency are proposed. Forests located on the territory of Penza region are of great importance for the economy, being one of the main natural resources. In order to preserve and increase forest resources felled, dead, damaged forests are subject to reproduction, that is, annual reforestation is necessary. Timely reproduction of forests with commercially valuable forest species is one of the most important measures that ensures rational and sustainable forest use, improves the growth and development of plantations, as well as the composition and productivity of future forests. In accordance with Penza region Strategy for the long term (until 2021), approved by Penza region Law (as amended), the following are identified as priority areas for forestry complex development: - ensuring the reproduction (restoration) of forest resources; - ensuring a stable state of ecosystems and specially protected natural areas, improving the breed reduction of illegal logging and forest crime; - creation of capacities for deep processing of wood, increasing wood production profitability; - Carrying out sanitary and health-improving and fire-prevention measures.
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Tavankar, F., R. Picchio, A. Lo Monaco, and A. E. Bonyad. " Forest management and snag characteristics in Northern Iran lowland forests." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 10 (October 22, 2014): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2014-jfs.
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Some snag characteristics were studied in three different Hyrcanian lowland forests. The highest snag density (38.4 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>) was found in fully protected forests, and it was significantly higher than in selectively logged (23.7 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>) and open access forests (8.8 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>). The snag volume, diameter and height were also significantly higher in the fully protected forests. The number of snag species was recorded in fully protected (9), selectively logged (5) and open access forests (4). The snags were more evenly distributed among diameter, height and decay classes in the fully protected forest. The larger diameter snags (> 90 cm) and snags higher than 15 m in height were not found in the open access forest. The snags of decay class 5 had a density of 6.8 stem·ha<sup>–1 </sup>in the fully protected forest, while they had a low density (1.5 stem·ha<sup>–1</sup>) in the selectively logged forest and they were not found in the open access forest. Target values of snags for managed lowland forests in Iran were defined in relation to management influences.
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Doimo, Ilaria, Mauro Masiero, and Paola Gatto. "Forest and Wellbeing: Bridging Medical and Forest Research for Effective Forest-Based Initiatives." Forests 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080791.
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Research Highlights: This review gives an overview of existing literature on the emerging topic of human wellbeing-forest contact nexus and provides a preliminary framework linking forests to wellbeing by highlighting key variables affecting this relationship. Background and Objectives: Existing literature reveals the psychological, physiological and social wellbeing benefits of contact with forest ecosystems; however, the role of forests in this relationship remains largely unexplored. The objectives of this review are twofold: (i) to provide an overview of the contributions of forest experiences to human wellbeing and the related interplay with forest ecosystems and (ii) to identify knowledge gaps to inform future research and systematize information available for forest managers and planners to support the development of effective forest-based initiatives. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was performed with a five-phase method integrating a systematic approach on Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases and snowball search. Studies were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. Results: Overall, 93 papers were included in the review. These are mainly from health-related sciences providing limited information for forest managers, planners and practitioners. Four main underlying variables of the forest-wellbeing relationship are identified: interaction, forest features, sensorial dimension of the forest and individual traits and reactions. Conclusions: Forest-based initiatives provide good opportunities for supporting public health and time spent in contact with forests seems to have a “health-bonus”. Whether and to what extent forest management can contribute to this is still poorly investigated. There is the need to better study causal relationships between specific forest features, type of interactions, frequency and “dose” of experiences, individual reactions and needs and wellbeing effects to maximize benefits from forest-based initiatives.
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Luo, Hui, Tao Zhou, Peixin Yu, Chuixiang Yi, Xia Liu, Yajie Zhang, Peifang Zhou, Jingzhou Zhang, and Yixin Xu. "The forest recovery path after drought dependence on forest type and stock volume." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 055006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac57e5.
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Abstract Drought legacy effects of forest ecosystems have been widely observed. However, the influence of forest type and stock volume on its recovery path is poorly understood. In this research, we first used the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index to identify a drought event. Then, we applied the normalized difference vegetation index deficit and forest property maps derived from forest inventories to investigate the potential impacts of forest properties on forest recovery paths. The results showed that the legacy effects 1–3 years after a drought event were pervasive, but the forest recovery path was highly dependent on the forest type and forest stock volume. The recovery of forests with low stock volume densities (<60 m3 ha−1) was mostly stronger than that of forests with high stock volume densities (≥60 m3 ha−1) by the second year. Although all forests with different stock volume densities approximately returned to a normal status by the third year, they followed various paths to recovery. Natural coniferous forests in China that have a similar stock volume density (<60 m3 ha−1) took longer to recover than planted coniferous forests and exhibited a lower magnitude of recovery. These findings highlight that drought legacy effects are greater for natural coniferous forests with high stock volume densities, which provides insightful forest management information on how to speed up forest recovery with forest density control and type control.
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Mahiga, Samuel N., Paul Webala, Mugo J. Mware, and Paul K. Ndang’ang’a. "Influence of Land-Use Type on Forest Bird Community Composition in Mount Kenya Forest." International Journal of Ecology 2019 (March 12, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8248270.
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Few studies have explored how human land uses influence and support persistence of forest biodiversity in central Kenya. In the case of the Mount Kenya ecosystem, farmlands and plantation forests are significant land-use types. Using point counts, we assessed bird communities in natural forests, plantation forests, and farmlands in the Nanyuki Forest Block, Western Mount Kenya. Bird point counts were undertaken during two sampling periods (wet and dry season). Compared to farmlands and plantation forest, natural forest had the highest overall avian species richness and relative species richness of all except one forest-dependent foraging guild (granivores) and nonforest species, which occurred frequently only on farmlands. Plantation forest had the lowest relative richness of all avian habitat and foraging guilds. Conversely, specialist forest-dependent species mainly occurred in the structurally complex remnant natural forest. Our study underscores the importance of remnant natural forests for the persistence and conservation of forest biodiversity and risks posed by replacing them with plantation forests and farmlands.
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Lasota, Jarosław, Ewa Błońska, and Piotr Pacanowski. "Forest sites and forest types on rendzinas in Poland." Soil Science Annual 69, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0012.
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Abstract The article discusses the relationship between rendzinas and types of forest sites and plant communities in lowland, upland and mountain areas in Poland. Rendzinas as soils of forest sites play an important role in the uplands of southern Poland. In mountain areas, their preponderance is limited to the area of the Pieniny and the Western Tatras. The site-forming role of rendzinas in the upland areas depends mainly on geomorphological conditions. Typical rendzinas generally form eutrophic sites of multi-species oak-hornbeam forests, fertile beech forests and thermophilous beech forests. Rendzinas with lithological discontinuities usually create poorer form sites of mixed deciduous forests, which correspond to floristically poorer phytocenoses of acidophilous deciduous forests. In mountain areas, the climate and geomorphological processes form the zonation of vegetation and rendzinas. In vertical layout sites, the rendzinas change from fertile sites of fir and beech forests, through mesotrophic mixed forests sites, to spruce forest on limestone in the upper montane zone.
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Fischer, Christoph, and Urs-Beat Brändli. "Zustand und Entwicklung siedlungsnaher Wälder – Ergebnisse aus dem LFI." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 168, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2017.0252.
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State and development of forests close to settlements – results from the NFI For more than 30 years, the national forest inventory (NFI) has been reporting on the state and development of the Swiss forest and its services. Here, for the first time on the topic of “urban forest”, focusing on the forests in the Swiss lowlands, where all urban centers are located. Due to missing definitions we classified the forest according to household equivalents in the vicinity of NFI plots. The forest was classified as either close to settlements (urban) or far from settlements. Using indicators, we compared both categories in order to answer the following questions: 1) How common are forests close to settlements? 2) How do forests close to settlements and far from settlements differ? 3) Is there a potential for conflict of use? 4) Which developments could be observed in relation to forest perception in the last 20 years? 29% of the forest in the lowlands is close to settlements. Five out of ten indicators on forest provision do not differ between both forest categories. Differences occur in relation to the degree of mixture and forest structure. Furthermore, close to settlement forests have more forest roads, recreational facilities and a primary “recreation” function. Regardless of their primary function, forests close to settlements are more intensively used for recreation. Following the NFI model on nature provision for recreation, the forest area with high nature provision has increased in the last 20 years, for all forests. The results indicate that both forest categories are quite similar and are managed in a similar way. Due to the intensive recreational use of lowland forests close to settlements, a certain conflict potential between recreationalists and forest owners is given, posing a challenge for forest managers.
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Venier, Lisa A., Kevin Porter, Gregory Adams, Kenneth McIlwrick, and Emily Smenderovac. "Response of Forest Bird Communities to Managed Landscapes in the Acadian Forest." Forests 15, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010184.
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The loss of mature forests is a known stressor of forest management on biodiversity. Mature forests provide unique habitat for forest birds. Here, we examine the capacity of mature forest stands embedded in an intensively managed landscape to provide habitat for landbird species that are associated with mature, unfragmented habitats. We carry this out by comparing bird communities in forest stands in three landscapes with a gradient of management activity. We examined community-level indicators (richness, diversity, abundance and community structure), and trait-level indicators (species groups associated with cavity nesting, mature forests, interior forests and area sensitivity). We found no obvious negative effects on bird communities, species and trait groups in forest stands in the most intensively managed landscape relative to the less intensively managed landscapes. Our ability to draw inferences about the influence of management intensity is limited due to lack of replication; however, these results do provide evidence that mature forest stands within intensively managed landscapes can provide valuable habitat to mature forest associates. There are often trade-offs between generating wood products from the forest and the provision of mature forest habitats. Research on forest birds can provide some of the necessary information for assessing the size and shape of those trade-offs and help to inform the conversation about the desired structure, function and composition of forests.
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Liu, Huiting, Yue Fu, Jun Pan, Guangjun Wang, and Kongfei Hu. "Biomass Spatial Pattern and Driving Factors of Different Vegetation Types of Public Welfare Forests in Hunan Province." Forests 14, no. 5 (May 22, 2023): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14051061.
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An ecological public welfare forest is an important basis for the construction of national ecological security. This study took public welfare forests at the provincial level or above in Hunan Province as the research object. Based on the in situ monitoring data and remote sensing data, we constructed a random forest (RF) model for inversing the biomass of public welfare forests with different types. Then, based on the inversion results, we investigated the biomass spatial pattern. Combined with topographical and socio-economic factors, we constructed a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to analyze the biomass driving factors of different vegetation types in public forests. The results showed the following: (1) The biomass of public welfare forests in Hunan Province presented a strip distribution pattern that gradually increases from the central to the southwest and northeast. The total biomass of public welfare forests in Hunan Province was 338.13 million tons, with an average biomass of 68.31 t·hm−2. In the different types of public welfare forests, the mean biomass of the types were as follows: shrub (4.65 t·hm−2) < broadleaf forest (59.27 t·hm−2) < conifer–broadleaf mixed forest (62.44 t·hm−2) < bamboo forest (71.33 t·hm−2) < coniferous forest (100.33 t·hm−2). (2) Topographic and socio-economic factors have a significant impact on the spatial pattern of biomass in public welfare forests. Slope had the greatest effect on coniferous forest, conifer–broadleaf mixed forest, and shrub forest, while POP had the greatest effect on broadleaf forest and bamboo forest. This study investigates the spatial patterns and driving factors of biomass in public welfare forests at the provincial level, filling the gap in forest biomass monitoring in public welfare forests in Hunan Province. It provides a new method to improve the accuracy of forest biomass estimation and data support for the sustainable management of public welfare forests.
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Глушко and Sergey Glushko. "EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE STATE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN RELATION TO THEIR DYNAMICS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2016): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19326.
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The evaluation of forest quality is associated with the identification of the characteristics of their dynamics. Dynamic of forest communities are associated with age-related changes of indigenous forests, reduction processes, as well as forest degradation. A variety of forest forming process refers to different directions of forests development, including sustainable forest restoration, stabilization and degradation. The forest degradation, leading to the destruction of biota, is able to apply to different levels of systemic organization of forests. To assess trends in forest forming process we proposed to use the main indicators of vital strategy of forest plants species.
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Trivedi, Jay Y., and Dr Ashwin G. Modi. "Forest Management Systems and Community-Based Forestry: A case of Sabharkantha (South) Forest Division of Gujarat state." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (June 1, 2012): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/72.
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Fratini, Roberto, Francesco Riccioli, and Toufic El Asmar Toufic El Asmar. "Forest Certifications in Sustainable Forest Management: Concerns Associated to its Application in A Forested Area of Tuscany." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2014/72.
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Ptichnikov, A. V. "Market based forest conservation opportunities." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, no. 6 (December 17, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-55662019697-106.
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Forests of Russia have global ecological significance. They include huge massive of boreal forests, almost a quarter of global area of intact forest landscapes. The global role of Russian forests in inhibition of aridization and land degradation is well known. Development of representative system of forest protection is one of the main tasks of Russian Federation in implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity obligations. The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 20112020 and the Aichi Strategic Goals plan protection of no less than 17% of terrestrial ecosystems area to the 2020, especially the sites of high significance for biodiversity and ecosystem services. The main forest protection mechanisms are protected natural areas (PNA), forests with protective functions, and protective sites (PS). PNA contains around 7% of forest covered area. Forests with protective functions make up around 16% of forest covered areas, but the management regimes of many types of such forests are not conforming to the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Many of forests with protective functions are under lease for forest management. Since recently the significance of voluntary Forest Stewardship council (FSC) certification for biodiversity conservation is increasing. The standards of FSC certification require from forest companies to implement protection and appropriate use of high conservation value forests (HCVF). Totally there are 46 mln ha of FSC certified forests in Russia, from them around 56 mln ha of HCVF received additional protection from certification. One of the most important categories of HCVF are intact forest landscapes (IFLs). Around 1 mln ha of IFLs are protected as the result of forest certification, providing significant input into Convention on Biological Diversity. For 35 FSC certified companies the share of identified HCVFs with nature conservation regimes in their leased forests is comparable with the average share of PNAs (without certification) on the regional or district level. The main output of the research is that the role of voluntary forest certification for enhancing the system of forest protection in Russia is increasing, which receives worldwide recognition.
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Glushko, S. G., I. R. Galiullin, and N. B. Prokhorenko. "Implementation of tree species strategy during progressive successions." FORESTRY BULLETIN 25, no. 1 (February 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-1-5-12.
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On the example of regeneration succession in forests, the features of silvicultural properties of the main forest-forming species growing in oak forests of the Middle Volga region are considered. The conclusion is made about the predominance of pioneer-serial forest communities formed by pioneer species in the study area. The pioneer species, which differ significantly in their silvicultural properties from the so-called «primary forest species», are predominant in modern forests. It is shown that at the later stages of reforestation successions, pioneer-serial forest communities are of great importance, the productivity of which becomes stable. The incomplete nature of progressive successions in the surveyed forests was revealed. To restore primary forests, a set of additional measures is required to facilitate the forests reconstruction and the entire forest fund of the region. The mass destruction of forests influences the processes of forest growing conditions and it is determined as a topical issue for further study. The connection between changes in the main forest species and forest communities and changes in forest growing conditions has been established. It is indicated that deforestation massively destroys the biotic environment and alters environmental processes, being the reason for silvicultural properties change in forest plants and their communities. The development of silvicultural properties is adaptive, in this regard, deforestation, with massive destruction of the biotic environment and a corresponding change in environmental processes, contributes to the devlopment of properties inherent in pioneer-serial forest communities. With the degradation of primary forests, a change in the main forest species and forest communities that make up modern forests is noted. Many silvicultural properties inherent in primary forests are not developed in modern conditions. Instead of primary forests, secondary forests are spread, derivative, with other silvicultural properties and their mdevelopment in the form of a complex characteristic of behavior or life strategy. The properties manifested by forest communities and individual species need to be generalized for further research. We have proposed to combine all the properties of forests into the concept of information potential. The information potential of forests can be used to study the features of the silvicultural properties in a changing natural environment.
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Mutz, Rüdiger. "Privatwaldforschung in Deutschland: Überblick und Folgerungen | Private forest owner research in Germany: Overview and implications." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 158, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2007.0285.
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This contribution aims to give a summary about the research of private forests in Germany by summarizing the forest structure, enumerating themes and trends, and illustrating four studies. The private forests in Germany share 43.6% on the total forest area (EU-average: 65%), the largest percentage of the German forest area in comparison to state or communal forests. In private forests considerably less wood is utilized as is grown again. Furthermore, private forests are actually prone to drastic structural changes in combination with the structural crisis of agriculture. Beyond the traditional agricultural forest owner a new type of forest owner is appearing,so-called «urban» forest owner. For further research meta-analysis, an evaluation of advisory service programs and forest funds are discussed.
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Bhattarai, B. P., R. M. Kunwar, and R. Kc. "Forest certification and FSC standard initiatives in collaborative forest management system in Nepal." International Forestry Review 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554819827906852.
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The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) principles and criteria have been implemented in over 80 community forests in Nepal over the last decade. However, the total size of community forests certified under the FSC certification is relatively small (0.1% of the total area of the country), which limits the overall benefits they can provide to the surrounding communities. The national government has instituted the Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) initiative to maintain forest connectivity and give local communities jurisdiction over the nearby forests that they and their ancestor have lived with and managed for many generations. The CFM policies strive to ensure the restoration of large and continuous patches of forest, equitable benefit sharing of forest products and good governance, yet these policies do not certify the forests as sustainably managed, and thus cannot provide increased prices on the international market for products from these forests. Two collaborative forests were assessed in the Tarai region of Nepal to understand how well these community managed forests already follow the FSC principles and where changes must be made for these forests to be certified in the future. Field observations were undertaken, focus group discussions held, and semi-structured interviews carried out in order to understand current management practices in these two collaborative managed forests. Findings showed that the CFM helped improve biodiversity and benefit sharing from the forest amongst the wide range of communities. Collaboratively managed forests and FSC principles were shown to have complementary objectives: to sustain forests, strengthen forest governance and conserve indigenous species and knowledge, and it is argued that these plans can be synchronized for the benefit of both forests and people.
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Manohar, Midhun, and Rubeena T. A. "Forest Dependent Communities and Forest Degradation in Thiruvananthapuram, South-India." Current World Environment 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.1.34.
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The concept of forest resource extraction versus forest conservation has been a relevant topic of discussion at present. Anthropogenic activities have direct and indirect impacts on forest ecosystem. These impacts varies with the extend of human interaction with the forest as well as the culture of those people rely on forests. The term “forest-dependent people” refer to those who utilise direct benefits of forests. It includes the indigenous communities living legally within the forests and those people inhabiting along the forest fringes prohibited by governments to enter the forest permises. The study compares role of these two groups in the spatio-temporal changes of forest cover in Thiruvananthapuram district. The Tribal Population Size (TPS) is one among the major factor influencing the nature of forest cover in a region and TPS above carrying capacity of any forest region could lead to forest degradation. Also, the Forest Dependency Ratio (FDR) of non-tribal rural population is a crucial factor leading to forest-cover Changes (RFC). The study analyses and compare the relationship between TPS and RFC as well as FDR and RFC. The results would help in differentiating the extend of impact of these two groups on forest ecosystem. This would encourage the future researches in the same field to focus on the major degradational activities carried out by forest dependent people and to formulate possible solutions. The forest conservation and socioeconomic progress of communities within forest ecosystem are essential since the success of forest conservation depends on the culture of local population and their involvement in forest sustentation.
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Rosen, Michael, Jim McCready, and Tony Bull. "Raising the profile of Canada's 9th forest region: Urban forests." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82054-1.
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A recent CIF Ottawa Valley section meeting in Carleton Place, Ontario was cause for reflection on the important role of urban forests. In spite of their well-known benefits, Canadian urban forests are under great pressure. However, recent developments in municipal planning and the creation of the Canadian Urban Forest Network show some progress — developments encouraged for the first time by the most recent National Forest Strategy. This contrasts to a historic denial by forestry organizations to include urban forests as part of "Canada's Forests" in spite of their economic and environmental significance. It also contrasts with urban forest programs initiated by the USDA Forest Service in the United States. For smaller communities like Carleton Place, urban forests are very important. They are being recognized by the community through its Official Plan, in operational guidelines and through an R.P.F.-led volunteer Urban Forest Advisory Committee. Key words: urban forests, strategic urban forest plans, Canadian Urban Forest Network, Urban Forest Advisory Committee
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Dickinson, Yvette, Eric K. Zenner, and Douglas Miller. "Examining the effect of diverse management strategies on landscape scale patterns of forest structure in Pennsylvania using novel remote sensing techniques." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 4 (April 2014): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0315.
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We used novel remote sensing techniques to compare the landscape-scale patterns of forest structure in Pennsylvania, USA under the management of four different agencies with varying primary objectives, including production forestry, wildlife habitat, recreation, and private ownership. We (i) developed a forest structure classification scheme using publicly available LiDAR and orthographic aerial imagery data, (ii) mapped the forest structure across twenty forested landscapes, and (iii) compared the landscape-scale forest structure patterns among the four forest management types. Our results indicate that different management philosophies and their associated forest management approaches have resulted in contrasting landscape-scale patterns of forest structure. Privately managed forests had shorter forests, higher densities of distinct patches, higher interspersion of patch types, and higher forest structure diversity at fine-scales (1.5 ha grain size) compared to forests lightly managed for recreation. Production forests under ecosystem management and forests managed for wildlife habitat exhibited intermediate patterns of forest structure. This variation in forest structure patterns among the forest managers is likely to have implications for wildlife habitat and other ecosystem services. Furthermore, greater emphasis is needed on encouraging private landowners to manage across property boundaries and providing the resources and tools to manage forests at the landscape scale.
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Grechenkova, Oksana. "Forestry as an object of legal regulation." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308011.
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The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the use of forests, including for agriculture. The use of forests is the central institution of forest law, the concept of “use of forests” is one of the main concepts in the Forest Code of the Russian Federation. The legislator refused to use the terms” forest management law”,” forest management”, which were used in the Forest Code of the Russian Federation in 1997.The meaning of the concept of” forest use “and its relationship with the concept of” forest management”, which is traditionally used in the science of forest law, is defined. From a scientific point of view, the term “forest use” coincides in its meaning with the term “forest management”.
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Zhang, Yunlu, Tingting Su, Yue Ma, Yanyinuo Wang, Weiqi Wang, Niyi Zha, and Ming Shao. "Forest ecosystem service functions and their associations with landscape patterns in Renqiu City." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): e0265015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265015.
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Forest ecosystems are crucial to the survival and development of human societies. Urbanization is expected to impact forest landscape patterns and consequently the supply of forest ecosystem services. However, the specific ways by which such impacts manifest are unclear. Therefore, to discuss the relationship between them is of great significance for realizing regional sustainable development. Here, we quantitatively assess the intensity of forest ecosystem service functions and forest landscape patterns in Renqiu City of China’s Hebei Province in 2019 using ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS. We characterize the relationships between forest ecosystem service capacity and landscape patterns, and identify strategies for the spatial optimization of forests. We find that the ecosystem service intensity of forests are significantly correlated with their spatial distribution, forest area ratio, and landscape patterns. Specifically, the percentage of landscape (PLAND) index, landscape shape index (LSI), and contagion (CONTAG) index indices display second-order polynomial relationships with various forest ecosystem service functions, with critical values of 80, 5, and 70, respectively. We propose that forest ecosystem functions can be optimized by optimizing forest landscape patterns. Specifically, to maximize the function of forest ecosystem services, managers should consider the integrity of forest ecosystems, optimize their ability to self-succession, repair service functions of key nodes within forests, enhance forests’ structural stability, optimize forest quality and community structure, and strengthen the efficiency of functional transformation per unit area. Finally, we propose a strategy for the spatial optimization of forests in Renqiu to optimize their associated ecosystem services. This involves protecting important areas for forest ecosystems, rationally organizing different ecological patches such as forests and water bodies to maximize their functions, strengthening the connectivity of scattered forests, and supplementing woodland areas.
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Besnard, Simon, Sujan Koirala, Maurizio Santoro, Ulrich Weber, Jacob Nelson, Jonas Gütter, Bruno Herault, et al. "Mapping global forest age from forest inventories, biomass and climate data." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 10 (October 26, 2021): 4881–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4881-2021.
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Abstract. Forest age can determine the capacity of a forest to uptake carbon from the atmosphere. However, a lack of global diagnostics that reflect the forest stage and associated disturbance regimes hampers the quantification of age-related differences in forest carbon dynamics. This study provides a new global distribution of forest age circa 2010, estimated using a machine learning approach trained with more than 40 000 plots using forest inventory, biomass and climate data. First, an evaluation against the plot-level measurements of forest age reveals that the data-driven method has a relatively good predictive capacity of classifying old-growth vs. non-old-growth (precision = 0.81 and 0.99 for old-growth and non-old-growth, respectively) forests and estimating corresponding forest age estimates (NSE = 0.6 – Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency – and RMSE = 50 years – root-mean-square error). However, there are systematic biases of overestimation in young- and underestimation in old-forest stands, respectively. Globally, we find a large variability in forest age with the old-growth forests in the tropical regions of Amazon and Congo, young forests in China, and intermediate stands in Europe. Furthermore, we find that the regions with high rates of deforestation or forest degradation (e.g. the arc of deforestation in the Amazon) are composed mainly of younger stands. Assessment of forest age in the climate space shows that the old forests are either in cold and dry regions or warm and wet regions, while young–intermediate forests span a large climatic gradient. Finally, comparing the presented forest age estimates with a series of regional products reveals differences rooted in different approaches and different in situ observations and global-scale products. Despite showing robustness in cross-validation results, additional methodological insights on further developments should as much as possible harmonize data across the different approaches. The forest age dataset presented here provides additional insights into the global distribution of forest age to better understand the global dynamics in the forest water and carbon cycles. The forest age datasets are openly available at https://doi.org/10.17871/ForestAgeBGI.2021 (Besnard et al., 2021).
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IKSANOV, Radmir, and Igor VLADIMIROV. "PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF MEASURES FOR THE USE AND PROTECTION OF FORESTS." Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), no. 2(51) (June 30, 2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2021-2-51-69-74.
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In this article, the authors investigate the problems of legal regulation of forest management and forest protection. According to the authors, the nature of forest management problems and the prevalence, type and severity of committed forest violations depend on the per capita forest distribution in Russia. The actual problem of the use and protection of forests in Russia today is the depleting nature of forest use in the regions of Russia provided with forests. The authors also refer to the problems of forest use as violations of the rights of citizens to stay in forests, to pick mushrooms, berries, nuts and other forest food resources. The authors propose to pay special attention to the prevention of risks of causing economic damage to citizens and organizations when applying measures to protect forests.
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Haro-Carrión, Xavier, and Jane Southworth. "Understanding Land Cover Change in a Fragmented Forest Landscape in a Biodiversity Hotspot of Coastal Ecuador." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121980.
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Understanding forest cover changes is especially important in highly threatened and understudied tropical dry forest landscapes. This research uses Landsat images and a Random Forest classifier (RF) to map old-growth, secondary, and plantation forests and to evaluate changes in their coverage in Ecuador. We used 46 Landsat-derived predictors from the dry and wet seasons to map these forest types and to evaluate the importance of having seasonal variables in classifications. Initial RF models grouped old-growth and secondary forest as a single class because of a lack of secondary forest training data. The model accuracy was improved slightly from 92.8% for the wet season and 94.6% for the dry season to 95% overall by including variables from both seasons. Derived land cover maps indicate that the remaining forest in the landscape occurs mostly along the coastline in a matrix of pastureland, with less than 10% of the landscape covered by plantation forests. To obtain secondary forest training data and evaluate changes in forest cover, we conducted a change analysis between the 1990 and 2015 images. The results indicated that half of the forests present in 1990 were cleared during the 25-year study period and highlighted areas of forest regrowth. We used these areas to extract secondary forest training data and then re-classified the landscape with secondary forest as a class. Classification accuracies decreased with more forest classes, but having data from both seasons resulted in higher accuracy (87.9%) compared to having data from only the wet (85.8%) or dry (82.9%) seasons. The produced cover maps classified the majority of previously identified forest areas as secondary, but these areas likely correspond to forest regrowth and to degraded forests that structurally resemble secondary forests. Among the few areas classified as old-growth forests are known reserves. This research provides evidence of the importance of using bi-seasonal Landsat data to classify forest types and contributes to understanding changes in forest cover of tropical dry forests.
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Lim, Chan Jin, and Heemun Chae. "Predicting Forest Fire Danger Using Fuel Characteristics of Forest." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.6.125.
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The fuel characteristics of a forest are important factors in designing a forest fire danger rating system and must be analyzed to understand forest fire behavior. Therefore, in this study, forest fire intensity was predicted depending on the amount of fuel in the forests in the Yeongdong and Yeongseo regions of Gangwon-do from November 2020 to December 2021. The possibility of forest fire occurrence, from surface fire to crown fire, was analyzed depending on the fuel conditions. Regional differences were found in the amount of fuel and the fuel structure of the surface layer in the forest. The intensity and type of forest fire changed according to these differences. The Yeongdong area is more susceptible to crown fires and more intense of surface fire than the Yeongseo area. These results show the need to prevent early forest fires by learning the characteristics of forests in different regions and analyzing the intensity and type of forest fire predicted.
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Butko, G. P. "Economic problems of forest management at current development stage." FORESTRY BULLETIN 24, no. 5 (October 2020): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2020-5-66-73.
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Research of problems of forest management, formation and development of forest management. Clarification of features in the system «management and planning in the field of use, protection and other functions of forests», according to the current Forest code of the Russian Federation and the concept «forest legislation of the Russian Federation based on the principles of sustainable forest management, conservation of their biological diversity and other useful functions of forests». From the point of view of the practice and system of strategic forest management, specific issues regarding forest management objects are highlighted. Analytical method for obtaining information about natural-historical and economic conditions of the area where the forest management object is located. Analysis of economic activities and study of past experience of forest management in the field of use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests. On the basis of the Forest code, allocated successive stages of forest management such as the design of forest areas and forest parks, the design of operational, protective and reserve forests, as well as the design of measures for the protection and reproduction of forests. Based on the theoretical review and analysis presented in the relationship of the system «results-costs», the main directions of development of forest management are determined. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in defining the concept of competitiveness of forest capital. Achieving competitive advantages is possible on the basis of sustainable development as a factor of ensuring economic stability. The structure of the forest management process includes progressive elements based on a balance between the growth and depletion of natural resources.
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RANA, EAK, RIK THWAITES, and GARY LUCK. "Trade-offs and synergies between carbon, forest diversity and forest products in Nepal community forests." Environmental Conservation 44, no. 1 (November 16, 2016): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000448.
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SUMMARYReducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the sustainable management of forests and the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (‘REDD+’) aims to improve local livelihoods and conserve plant diversity while limiting carbon emissions. Yet trade-offs and synergies that exist between supporting livelihoods, protecting plant diversity and maintaining forest ecosystem services are poorly documented. We used forest inventory data and community-group records to assess trade-offs and synergies between carbon, plant diversity and forest products in 19 community forests managed under REDD+ in Nepal. Trade-offs were prevalent for carbon, whereby community forests with relatively high carbon values had relatively low values for plant diversity or forest products provision, and vice versa. Synergies occurred between plant diversity and forest products provision (fuelwood and fodder), suggesting that forests with relatively high plant diversity values were also important for providing critical forest products to local communities. This study shows that conserving forests for carbon should not impinge greatly on the flow of forest resources to at least some local communities; however, promoting carbon storage will not necessarily protect plant diversity. These findings should help guide future REDD+ policy for community forests.
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Zheldak, V. I., A. A. Kulagin, V. M. Sidorenkov, and E. V. Doroschenkova. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCESSIBILITY OF FORESTS OF TERRITORIAL ENTITIES AND FOREST PLOTS FOR SILVICULTURAL PROVISION FOR THEIR EFFECTIVE MAINTENANCE AND USE." ÈKOBIOTEH 3, no. 3 (2020): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2020-3-3-444-456.
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Discusses issues of establishing a rational effective regime of mastering maintenance and use of forests of separate territorial entities, complex forest plots granted for use within the framework of current and prospectively improving legislation based on a comprehensive preliminary assessment of forest accessibility for the implementation of systemic silvicultural activities of forest management, reproduction, conservation and protection of forests. Assessment of the accessibility of forests carried out on all significant factors and conditions, determining opportunity carrying out systemic forestry activities, including the specifics of the target purpose, transport and technical provision for the implementation of necessary forestry activities, forest typological structure and species composition of forests, resource and ecological potential of forest management, as well as possible significant environmental restrictions, socio-ecological and socio-economic needs in forests and forest resources and other conditions affecting on the availability of forests, the effectiveness of forestry and forest management.
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Wang, Mimi, Jun Cui, Haiyang Liu, and Xiaoniu Xu. "Characterization of Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Four Forest Types of Shushan Urban Forest Park." Forests 14, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14071498.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to investigate the role of plantation forests and natural secondary forests in controlling soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass in urban forest ecosystems. (1) Background: Urban forests provide numerous benefits to urban ecosystems, but the interaction between forest stands and soil properties in controlling soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to examine how different forest types (plantation forests and natural secondary forests) influence soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass in urban forest ecosystems. (2) Methods: We conducted a study in Shushan Urban Forest Park, Hefei, China, utilizing redundancy analysis and linear regression analyses to identify key environmental factors affecting the microbial distribution and significant correlations between soil properties and microbial biomass. (3) Results: Plantation forests generally had lower pH, water content, and organic carbon and nutrient content than natural forests. Natural forests exhibited higher microbial biomass and nutrient cycling capacity. Soil depth and forest type have significant effects on soil properties and microbial biomass in both growing and dormant seasons, with practical implications for forest management and soil conservation in similar ecosystems. Soil water content (SWC), pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and soil organic carbon (SOC) were identified as key factors affecting microbial carbon and nitrogen distribution during both growing and dormant seasons. Our study provides important insights into the role of forest stands and soil physicochemical properties in controlling soil microbial biomass in urban forest ecosystems. Effective forest management strategies should be developed to promote sustainable and resilient forest ecosystems. Future research should investigate the underlying mechanisms driving these relationships and focus on promoting sustainable and resilient urban forest ecosystems.