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Journal articles on the topic 'Forest systems'
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1
Fabrika, M. "Virtual forest stand as a component of sophisticated forestry educational systems." Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 9 (January 16, 2012): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4715-jfs.
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The paper presents the methodology of virtual stand generation. Virtual stand serves for forestry e-learning as a tool for training of forest tending and demonstration of stand structure and some forest mensuration practices. The model can be connected with growth simulator and geographical information system, or integrated into the Internet environment. In the first part of the paper, the methodology of individual tree visualisation, total stand visualisation, terrain and stand environment visualisation and the principle of user’s interaction with virtual forest are proposed. The Virtual Reality Model Language (VRML 97) was used for these goals. In the second part of the paper, an example of model usage for the training of forest tending is presented.
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SWIFT, PETER, and ANDREW COCK. "Traditional Khmer Systems of Forest Management." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 25, no. 1 (October 2, 2014): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618631400039x.
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AbstractAid donors, civil society groups and the Cambodian government have tended to focus their policy initiatives concerned with communities and their forests on Cambodia's indigenous minorities. Few attempts have been made to document the relationship between ethnic Khmers and forests. However, with almost three quarters of Cambodia covered with forests until quite recently, and a large proportion of the Khmer population living in proximity to forests, it is not surprising that Cambodia's dominant ethnic group has had a close and meaningful relationship with forests. In this article, we examine the traditional systems of forest management of Khmer social groups and how these systems are changing. We argue that traditional Khmer systems of forest management are still relevant in the context of the rapid changes that have occurred in rural Cambodia over the past two decades. These systems shape how Khmer groups make sense of the natural world and claim rights of tenure over forest areas. They continue to play a vital role in preserving Cambodia's natural forests in the face of deforestation driven by plantation schemes and logging operations.
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Trivedi, Jay Y., and Dr Ashwin G. Modi. "Forest Management Systems and Community-Based Forestry: A case of Sabharkantha (South) Forest Division of Gujarat state." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (June 1, 2012): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/72.
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Rusetskaya, Genrietta, and Tatyana Vedernikova. "Methodology of Systems Analysis in Sustainable Forest Management." Известия Байкальского государственного университета 28, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2018.28(3).375-381.
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The article is dedicated to forest systems management in Russia in conditions of increasing discrepancy between decreasing forest areas, degradation of their state and steady growth of need for different functions of forests. Inadequacy of managerial solutions is determined by a variety of problems, among which is lack of systems analysis of the problem of extremely intensive and disorganized timber logging in conditions of inefficient reproduction of trees and low productivity of forests. To switch to sustainable forest management a methodology of sequential analysis of maintenance and reproduction of forest systems has been developed. Complexity growth of highly sophisticated forest systems management, which is characterized by hierarchy and emergence, requires the use of systems analyses of certain subsystems within the structure of forest system at the level of their interaction and relations among them. The forest system structure is represented in the form of large subsystems according to their main objectives: creation of highly efficient and cost effective timber stand, conservation of biological diversity and useful features of forest systems, maintenance of social and economic functions of forests. For overall evaluation of forest systems management, efficiency criteria and indices targeted at final result have been used. At the practical level, these criteria reflect the required changes in the forest system on the whole in simplified form and serve as baseline for intensive techniques of forest systems management. Forests reproduction is determined by a large quantity of natural and anthropogenic factors, among which preparation of soil, quality of seeds, production and planting of seedlings, crop cultivation, felling etc. Each factor should also be considered as a subsystem with corresponding elements and relations among them. For opportune adoption of measures, efficiency evaluation of appropriate activities in the processes of constant dynamics of forest areas is necessary, which allows us to create information basis for predicting short-term and long-term forests reproduction. The influence of each factor can be estimated using orgraphs technique, where the nodes of the graph are the studied indices and the arcs reflect intensity of influence change of one index on the other. A variety of models reflecting the essence and process conditions of the forest system will serve as baseline for building a mathematical model with subsequent switch to digital models.
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Savkov, P., N. Levinskova, G. Bondarchuk, and N. Postarnichenko. "GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS IN FOREST RESOURCES MONITORING." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 1 (45) (2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2021.45.71-74.
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The total area of the forest fund of Ukraine is 10400000 hectares, of which 9600000 hectares are covered with forest vegetation. In total, 15.9 % of the country's area is covered by forests. This figure is growing: in 50 years the area of forests increased by 21 %, almost three times increased stock of wood – it is estimated within 2102 million cubic meters. But this is not enough. Today there are a number of problems connected with forestry, for example: mass destruction of forests, lack of forest development strategy, low level of forest resources use, lack of reliable information about the biomass condition, forest fires. According to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine, the volume of unauthorized felling has been steadily decreasing for a long time, during 2005-2010. However, already in 2011 it was 25,100 cubic meters, which is 2.2 thousand more than in the previous year, 2007. However, this statistic, too, is mostly about illegal logging by local people, so it reflects very small volumes. The largest number of poached logging is recorded in the Lviv region. For example, in 2018 in the region 12,047 cubic meters of wood were illegally cut, and the figures do not stand still. As a consequence, this situation over time can lead to environmental degradation, increased water and wind erosion, degradation of agricultural land. The forest industry is one of the promising industries in Ukraine, for which it is advisable to use the tools of geographic information systems that provide detailed and necessary information, which greatly simplifies the work in research, analysis and prediction of the dynamics of the forestry fund of Ukraine. With the help of geospatial analysis tools we open up new horizons in the development and organization of forestry production, control and management of forests at all levels. This is why in today's conditions the introduction of geoinformation technologies can not only save money, but also save large areas of the forest fund and hundreds of diligent villages, settlements and cities. The events that took place in April 2020 showed that the lack of active monitoring of burning areas has painful consequences. The fire destroyed almost 40 houses in the resettled villages, Lichmans Srednyaya Rudnya, Nizhnyaya Rudnya and Verkhnyaya Rudnya, 45 buildings were saved, about 5 % of the protected area, 11500 hectares in the southwestern part of the Chernobyl Reserve were affected. These villages in Zhytomyr region were resettled after Chernobyl. More than 2000 people and 120 units of equipment were involved in extinguishing the fireі.
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Jenkins, Tom. "Modelling Forest Systems." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 78, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpi037.
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MÅREN, INGER E., KHEM R. BHATTARAI, and RAM P. CHAUDHARY. "Forest ecosystem services and biodiversity in contrasting Himalayan forest management systems." Environmental Conservation 41, no. 1 (August 9, 2013): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892913000258.
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SUMMARYIn developing countries, the landscape surrounding agricultural land is important for maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services. Forests provide a full suite of goods and services to subsistence farmers in the Himalayan agro-ecological system. The effects of biomass outtake on woody species richness and composition were analysed in forests under communal and government management. Interviews on forest use and perception of forest condition and ecosystem service delivery were conducted in farmer households bordering the forests. Significantly more woody species were found in the community managed forests. Species richness was negatively correlated with walking distance from the nearest village and increasing levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Community forests were generally less degraded than government managed forests, giving support to common pool resource management. Woody vegetation represented a crucial source of fuelwood, timber, fodder, and edible, aromatic and medicinal plants. Using a multidisciplinary framework to analyse ecosystem integrity and ecosystem service delivery enabled a finer understanding of these complex agro-ecological systems, giving support to evidence-based management and conservation planning for the future.
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Nieuwenhuis, M. "Forest Management Information Systems." Forestry 76, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.1.122.
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Nagaike, Takuo, Tomohiko Kamitani, and Tohru Nakashizuka. "Effects of different forest management systems on plant species diversity in a Fagus crenata forested landscape of central Japan." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-200.
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To clarify how different forest management systems affect the diversity of understory vascular plant species at the plot level and the forest-type level, we examined a forested landscape originally occupied by primary Japanese beech, Fagus crenata Blume, in central Japan. The landscape is currently composed of four types of forest: primary F. crenata forest, shelterwood logged F. crenata forest, abandoned coppice forest, and coniferous plantation. Species richness per plot (α diversity) and in each forest type (γ diversity) and species turnover among plots in each forest type (β diversity) reached their highest values in plantation forests. While the difference in species composition between primary and shelterwood logged forests was not significant, the other pairs of forest types showed significant differences. Ordination analysis revealed that variation in species composition within the plantations seemed to be related to the dominance of naturally regenerated tree species, which reflected the intensity of tending. Although the species composition of less intensively tended plantations was similar to that of abandoned coppice forests that had been repeatedly cut in the past, their species composition differed from that of the primary forests. This suggests that most of the plantation and coppice forests, which were clear-cut at least once, do not revert to primary forest conditions after management is abandoned.
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Beckley, Thomas M. "Moving toward consensus-based forest management: A comparison of industrial, co-managed, community and small private forests in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74736-5.
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Research on forest management in North America has traditionally focussed on large, industrial forest tenures (involving both public and private land), or small, private woodlot management. Recent discussion and experiments in Canada involve new institutions for forest management. These alternative forest management systems — namely, co-managed forests and community forests — are compared to traditional forest management along several dimensions, including: locus of decision-making, nature of decision-making, scope of decision-making, tenure structure, scale, and knowledge base. There exists a gap between abstract discussions and practical applications of these models. Prospects for the continued development of these alternative management systems are evaluated. Key words: co-management, community forestry, decision making, forest tenure, forest management objectives
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Yu, Tianyu, Cuiwei Liu, Zhuo Yan, and Xiangbin Shi. "A Multi-Task Framework for Action Prediction." Information 11, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11030158.
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Predicting the categories of actions in partially observed videos is a challenging task in the computer vision field. The temporal progress of an ongoing action is of great importance for action prediction, since actions can present different characteristics at different temporal stages. To this end, we propose a novel multi-task deep forest framework, which treats temporal progress analysis as a relevant task to action prediction and takes advantage of observation ratio labels of incomplete videos during training. The proposed multi-task deep forest is a cascade structure of random forests and multi-task random forests. Unlike the traditional single-task random forests, multi-task random forests are built upon incomplete training videos annotated with action labels as well as temporal progress labels. Meanwhile, incorporating both random forests and multi-task random forests can increase the diversity of classifiers and improve the discriminative power of the multi-task deep forest. Experiments on the UT-Interaction and the BIT-Interaction datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-task deep forest.
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Vacek, Zdeněk, Stanislav Vacek, Lukáš Bílek, Jan Král, Iva Ulbrichová, Jaroslav Simon, and Daniel Bulušek. "Impact of applied silvicultural systems on spatial pattern of hornbeam-oak forests." Central European Forestry Journal 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2017-0031.
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AbstractThe spatial pattern of forest closely affects tree competition that drives the most of processes in forest ecosystems. Therefore, we focused on evaluation of the horizontal structure of high forest, coppice with standards and low forest in hornbeam-oak forests in the Protected Landscape Area Český kras (Czech Republic). The horizontal structure of tree layer individuals with crown projection centroids and natural regeneration was analysed for durmast oak (Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulusL.) and small-leaved linden (Tilia cordataMill.) stands. Horizontal structure of the tree stems of the studied tree species in high forest was random, in oak it was moderately regular. In coppice with standards it was random in oak, in hornbeam and linden it was aggregated within 3 – 5 m and random up to a larger spacing. In low forest at a distance of 4 – 6 m the horizontal structure of the three studied tree species was aggregated while it was random at a larger spacing. The horizontal structure of natural regeneration was aggregated in all forest types. In coppice with standards and high forest, parent stand had significant negative effect on the natural regeneration at smaller distance (to 1.4 m from the stem). Crown centroids were more regularly distributed than tree stems, especially in low forest (2.0 m) and in linden (2.3 m). Our results contribute to existing knowledge about silvicultural systems and their impact on hornbeam-oak forests with implications for forest management and nature protection.
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Желдак, Владимир, Vladimir Zheldak, Виктор Сидоренков, Viktor Sidorenkov, Эльвира Дорощенкова, Elvira Doroshchenkova, Ирина Прока, and Irina Proka. "The Use of Systems of Silvicultural Activities in Forest Management." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c2294325e688.10095922.
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Systematic approach to implementation of activities for conservation, protection, reproduction and use of forests historically appeared in the Russian forestry science in the late XIX century – early XX century. In practice of forestry and forest management planning activities was traditionally carried out by separate types. This often leads to loss of effect, obtained at a certain stage of forest regeneration. In the eighties of the XX century methodological basis for creation of regional systems of forest management activities, and, for individual regions, practical recommendations for the use of such systems was developed. However, this also led to the transition to system planning, design and implementation of interventions in practice. In current socio-ecological-economic and legislative conditions, methodical approach of implementation at the zonal-landscape- forest typologic basis of priority and target systems of silvicultural activities (PTSSA) is developed. PTSSA are based on silvicultural developments of the 80-ies of the last century, developed taking into account increased demands of differentiation of silvicultural systems, respectively, the diversity of target purpose of forests, conservation of biodiversity, sustainable management of forests. Significant expansion of differentiation systems of silvicultural projects purpose, especially protective forests, is provided. The achievement of the goal is ensured through the preparation of guidance document on creation of PTSSA, making changes in forest management instruction, defining mandatory application of measures in accordance with the developed system in the design, and making changes in legal documents - requirements for implementation of activities in accordance with design of system. While limits for possible use of tolerance terms, regulations, and other indicators of changing conditions , but within providing target, current and final, results are set. Basic provisions can be a source for preparation of other documents that have a specific functional purpose of planning and designing activities for protection, protection, reproduction and use of forests.
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Riccioli, Francesco, Roberto Fratini, Claudio Fagarazzi, Mario Cozzi, Mauro Viccaro, Severino Romano, Duccio Rocchini, Salomon Espinosa Diaz, and Clara Tattoni. "Mapping the Recreational Value of Coppices’ Management Systems in Tuscany." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 8039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198039.
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In recent decades the growing interest in forested areas has led to a higher level of appreciation and consideration regarding the various benefits and services provided by forests. Despite this, when it comes to acknowledging their economic value and their capacity to produce income, the production of timber seems to be the main or even the only function that is considered. However, by adopting a sustainable forest management approach, the value related to non-market forest functions could also be considered. The present paper aims to quantify the potential income related to the recreational value of coppice forest by considering three different management systems: traditional coppice, active conversion to high forest and the natural evolution of forest. In order to do so, a contingent valuation method was used, and 248 forest users were surveyed in the region of Tuscany, Italy. The surveys included a revised price-list method, and the results obtained showed the existence of willingness to pay (WTP) for the maintenance of forests. Users showed a strong preference for conversion to high forest, while natural evolution was the least preferred management option. People’s perception on this matter was also assessed based on their specific location, by georeferencing all of the respondents’ answers: considering this, it was observed that belonging to a municipality located in or close to the mountains (i.e., mountain and natural municipalities) influenced the users’ WTP to maintain natural evolution.
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Cerda, Juan Pablo, and Stephen J. Mitchell. "Using geographic information systems to investigate uncertainty in forest planning outcomes." Forestry Chronicle 80, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc80262-2.
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Forests are complex systems with forest ecosystem, resource, stakeholder and policy subsystems. Knowledge about forest systems is always incomplete, and uncertainty pervades decision-making. Forest planning should account for complexity and address uncertainty, using feedback on past outcomes to inform future planning. Complexity in the forest system and uncertainty in planning have a spatial dimension, which can be represented and analyzed using geographic information systems (GIS). These principles apply to both strategic and operational planning. In this paper we present a GIS-based method for spatially analyzing forest planning outcomes and uncertainty (SAFEPLAN). Results obtained for a southeastern BC case study show how this method can be used to identify specific sources of uncertainty and remedies for improving the effectiveness of operational forest planning. Anticipating the effects of recurring events on plan outcomes will increase effectiveness of operational planning and will improve the ability of forest managers to achieve the desired results. Key words: uncertainty, risk, forest planning, geographic information system, natural disturbance
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Желдак, Владимир, and Vladimir Zheldak. "Systems for forestry events for models of different regime of forest and forest use content." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3d06d31ae0e6.52542708.
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In the current conditions of socio-economic development of the first decades of the XXI century the issues of intensification of forest use and reforestation have intensified sharply. To solve them, it is proposed to significantly in-crease the intensity of silvicultural measures, mainly thinning, in which harvesting of wood is provided. Such an unambiguous solution can not be realized for two reasons. First, increasing the intensity of silvicultural activities is possible only within the permissible changes in the natural dynamics of forest ecosystems. Secondly, the application of the entire complex of intensive silvicultural activities in different regions of the country is limited by integrated forestry (transport, economic, environmental) accessibility of their implementation, taking into account the target use of forests. The proposed solution to the issues of intensification of forest use - forest reproduction is based on the creation of certain types of priority-target systems for silvicultural activities for different types of models for management modes (protection, protection, reproduction) and use of forests. They differ in the composition and intensity of activities and are applied differentially, taking into account the integrated availability of their implementation, existing conditions and limitations. Four types of priority-target systems for silvicultural activities are being developed for selected models of forest maintenance modes and forest use, including intensive priority-mono-and priority-multipurpose, traditional multipurpose and conservation-restoration ones. The establishment of models of modes of forest management and forest use is carried out on the basis of a set of silvicultural-ecological and economic criteria, including: the magnitude of the natural resource potential of forests; demand in the area of available forest resources in industry, economy, exports; integrated accessibility of the use of forest resource potential and implementation of necessary activities of certain types of silvicultural systems. Taking into account the established models of forest use, for inventory object or its parts with-in a general set of priority-target forestry management systems, certain types and variants of these systems are formed, including interrelated chains of stage and extra-stage activities by types, methods, standards, accessible and effectively implemented in specific regional and local conditions.
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Lashchinskiy, N. N., and N. V. Lashchinskaya. "Small-leaved herbaceous forests in galley and ravine systems of Priobskoe plateau (West Siberia)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 21 (2012): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2012.21.78.
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Small-leaved forests of the galley and ravine systems on the Priobskoe plateau (West Siberia) belong to the Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletea pendulae class and the Calamagrostio epigei–Betuletalia pendulae order. All forest types were classified according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. Three new associations and four subassociations were described. Floristic composition presented by mixture of forest, meadow and steppe species reveals the geographical position and the environmental conditions of forest habitats. Forest distribution depends on the slope exposition and steepness. In spite of strong anthropogenic pressure many of forest patches could be considered as refuges of natural biodiversity in forest-steppe zone.
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Bobek, B., K. Perzanowski, D. Merta, and S. Kossak. "The systems of managing wildlife and forest in central Europe." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70550-5.
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Central European countries share many similarities in the composition of forest habitats and wildlife species. However, the former political division of Europe produced substantial differences in wildlife management systems and land ownership. Forests are generally regarded as a source of lumber with the requirements of wildlife neglected most of the time. There is an urgent need to introduce measures enhancing forest habitats for wildlife. Most important seems to be maintaining and possibly increasing biodiversity by altering present logging systems. In future, production of timber should become only one of several functions of forests including conservation of wildlife, recreation, and other values.
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Rahmat Safe’i, Christine Wulandari, and Hari Kaskoyo. "Analisis Kesehatan Hutan dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Pola Tanam Agroforestri di Wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur." Talenta Conference Series: Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/anr.v2i1.579.
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Hutan rakyat dengan pola tanam agroforestri memiliki pengaruh terhadap aspek ekologi, seperti: udara bersih, erosi terkendali, serapan karbon, pengaturan tata air, penyangga ekosistem, penjaga stabilitas ekologi, dan perlindungan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, dalam pengelolaan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri masa kini dan masa depan harus dapat memperhatikan kaidah-kaidah lingkungan. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, maka hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri harus sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai status (saat ini) kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Studi kasus analisis kesehatan hutan dilakukan pada klaster-plot Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri di Wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Jumlah klaster-plot FHM yang dibuat sebanyak empat klaster-plot. Parameter indikator kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri adalah pertumbuhan pohon, kondisi kerusakan pohon, kondisi tajuk, dan kesuburan tanah. Tahapan dari penelitian ini terdiri dari pembuatan plot ukur hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri, pengukuran parameter indikator kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri, pengolahan dan analisis, dan penilaian kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai status kondisi kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur rata-rata dalam kategori bagus. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hutan rakyat dengan pola tanam agroforestri akan menghasilkan tingkat kesehatan hutan rakyat yang sehat. Dengan demikian, pembangunan hutan rakyat di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur Provinsi Lampung diarahkan dengan pola tanam agroforestri.
Community forests with agroforestry planting systems have an influence on ecological aspects, such as: clean air, controlled erosion, carbon uptake, water management arrangements, ecosystems buffer, guarding ecological stability, and environmental protection. Therefore, in the management of community forests the present and future agroforestry planting systems must be able to pay attention to environmental principles. To realize this, the community forest agroforestry planting patterns must be healthy. This study aims to obtain the status of (current) health of community forests agroforestry planting systems in the area of East Lampung Regency. A case study of forest health analysis were carried out in Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) plots of community forests agroforestry planting systems in the East Lampung Regency. The number of FHM plots was made in four clusters. Parameters of indicators of community forest health agroforestry planting systems are tree growth, tree damage conditions, canopy conditions, and soil fertility. The stages of this study consisted of making a community forest measuring plot agroforestry planting systems, measuring indicators of community forest health agroforestry planting systems, processing and analysis, and assessing the health of community forests agroforestry planting systems. The results showed that the value of the status of public forest health conditions of agroforestry planting systems in the area of East Lampung Regency on average in good categories. This shows that community forests with agroforestry planting systems will produce healthy community forest health levels. Thus, community forests development in East Lampung Regency of Lampung Province is directed to agroforestry planting systems.
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Santoro, Antonio, Martina Venturi, Remo Bertani, and Mauro Agnoletti. "A Review of the Role of Forests and Agroforestry Systems in the FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme." Forests 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080860.
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Traditional agroforestry systems have received increasing attention in recent decades for their multifunctional role and as a sustainable development model for rural areas. At the international level, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) launched the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) programme in 2002 with the aim of identifying agricultural systems of global importance; preserving landscapes, agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge; applying the dynamic conservation principles while promoting sustainable development. The aim of the research is to carry out a review of the inscription dossiers of all the 59 sites already included in the GIAHS programme, in order to analyze the role of forests and agroforestry systems. Moreover, the main traditional management techniques have been identified and briefly described, as traditional forest-related knowledge is particularly important for sustainable forest management. Forests and agroforestry systems have been found to be important or crucial in about half of the sites. The main role assigned to forests and agroforestry systems in GIAHS proposals is related to the production of timber, fuelwood and by-products for the local communities according to sustainable and traditional management techniques. Among these, they also play important roles in hydrogeological protection, water regulation and biodiversity maintenance, representing examples both of human adaptation to different environments and of resilient systems that could help to face global challenges such as hydrogeological risk and climate change. The review of the GIAHS inscription dossiers also highlighted the lack of a uniform approach in dealing with forest issues, especially for what concern the description of management plans and the relation with protected areas or forest planning instruments.
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Smith, Jim, and Deb Delong. "The West Arm Demonstration Forest – rising to the challenge." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75457-3.
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The 13 500 hectare West Arm Demonstration Forest near Nelson in southeastern British Columbia was founded in 1992 by the Ministry of Forests in response to public concerns over conventional forestry practices in their watersheds and viewscapes. It has the objectives of demonstrating the latest concepts in landscape level planning, silvicultural systems and public participation. The forest is home to many agency and academic research projects aimed at analyzing the effects of these new concepts on many forest values. As well, the forest is required to produce an annual harvest of timber for the B.C. Ministry of Forests Small Business Forest Enterprise Program. This mix of objectives provides a unique challenge for forest managers, researchers and the local public. Key words: ecosystem management, landscape level planning, public participation, watershed management, silvicultural systems
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Latterini, Francesco, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Paweł Horodecki, Walter Stefanoni, Rachele Venanzi, and Rodolfo Picchio. "The State of the Art of Forest Operations in Beech Stands of Europe and Western Asia." Forests 14, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020318.
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Beech (Fagus spp.) is one of the most common tree species in Europe and Western Asia. The implementation of sustainable forest Operations (SFOs) in beech forests is therefore crucial in terms of sustainable forest management. This review summarises the state of the art concerning time-motion studies carried out in beech forests, defining the work productivity and the related costs of different harvesting systems applied in these stands. The main focus in recent years on felling and processing operations has been the introduction of fully mechanised systems in beech forests, obtaining satisfactory results in terms of work productivity. However, the working performance is still lower than in coniferous stands. Skidding and forwarding resulted in suitable techniques for ground-based extraction, both showing a clear inclination towards increasing working performance when applying higher levels of mechanisation. Aerial extraction by cable yarders is particularly important in beech forests, considering that these are often located in steep terrains. Further efforts should be dedicated to enhancing the training for operators to extend the application of aerial extraction systems, which ensures good levels of work productivity and limited soil disturbances. In summary, this review aimed to give a clear insight into forest operations in beech forests which could be useful for forest managers, forest engineers and researchers in the sector of sustainable forest operations.
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Chamberlain, James L., Dietrich Darr, and Kathrin Meinhold. "Rediscovering the Contributions of Forests and Trees to Transition Global Food Systems." Forests 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101098.
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The importance of forests to safeguard agricultural production through regulating ecosystem services such as clean water, soil protection, and climate regulation is well documented, yet the contributions of forests and trees to provide food for the nutritional needs of the increasing human population has not been fully realized. Plants, fungi, and animals harvested from forests have long provided multiple benefits—for nutrition, health, income, and cultural purposes. Across the globe, the main element of “forest management” has been industrial wood production. Sourcing food from forests has been not even an afterthought but a subordinate activity that just happens and is largely invisible in official statistics. For many people, forests ensure a secure supply of essential foods and vital nutrients. For others, foraging forests for food offers cultural, recreational, and diversified culinary benefits. Increasingly, these products are perceived by consumers as being more “natural” and healthier than food from agricultural production. Forest-and wild-sourced products increasingly are being used as key ingredients in multiple billion dollar industries due to rising demand for “natural” food production. Consumer trends demonstrate growing interests in forest food gathering that involves biological processes and new forms of culturally embedded interactions with the natural world. Further, intensifying calls to “re-orient” agricultural production provides opportunities to expand the roles of forests in food production; to reset food systems by integrating forests and trees. We use examples of various plants, such as baobab, to explore ways forests and trees provide for food security and nutrition and illustrate elements of a framework to encourage integration of forests and trees. Forests and trees provide innovative opportunities and technological and logistical challenges to expand food systems and transition to a bioeconomy. This shift is essential to meet the expanding demand for secure and nutritious food, while conserving forest biodiversity.
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Volney, W. Jan A., and Kelvin G. Hirsch. "Disturbing forest disturbances." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81662-5.
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The forest sector in Canada makes a significant contribution to the wealth of the nation. Many of our forest ecosystems, like the phoenix, need fire for rebirth and renewal. In contrast, other forests rely on a cool, wet disintegration driven by insects and their commensal fungi feeding on trees to effect this renewal. This disparity has a manifest difference in the character of these forests and how they have developed and evolved over thousands of years. While there are characteristic natural temporal and spatial patterns to these disturbances, recent work has shown that they are being perturbed by global change. Compounding these perturbations is the emergence of extensive anthropogenic disturbances in these forests. If humans continue trying to manage complex natural systems as though they were machines, problems with unknown consequences will compound. For example, we have only recently begun to understand that changes in disturbance regimes can generate positive feedbacks leading to what could amount to sudden and drastic change for certain forest communities. Systems-based techniques aimed at adapting to these consequences are emerging and will need to be implemented in a timely fashion to minimize the risks and maximize the opportunities associated with sustainable forest management under a changing climate. Key words: insects, diseases, fire, disturbances, climate change, adaptation, FireSmart, partial harvesting
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Rath, Subhani, Subham Banerjee, and Robert John. "Greater tree community structure complexity in sacred forest compared to reserve forest land tenure systems in eastern India." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892919000390.
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SummarySacred forests are small patches of forest that are preserved and protected from human exploitation. Although they are identified primarily for spiritual or religious purposes, their contribution to biodiversity conservation has been widely debated. Sacred sites are known to harbour greater biodiversity compared to exploited forests, but the patterns are not well known. We studied tree diversity in a remote forested location in eastern India where sacred forests and reserve forests used by people are present. Tree data from eight sacred forest sites and nine reserve forest sites showed that species richness was significantly greater in sacred forests; species diversity and evenness tended to be greater, but these were not statistically significant. Basal area (a measure of aboveground biomass) was significantly greater, mainly due to the greater density of large trees. There were significant departures from the theoretical expectation of stem size density distributions under pure asymmetric competition for both land tenures, which indicated that extraneous mortality increased death rates of large trees under both regimes, but sacred forests had a greater range of stem sizes. Our results suggest that sacred forests can contribute to biodiversity conservation by preserving greater tree diversity than forests subject to human use.
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Boot, R. G. A. "Extraction of non-timber forest products from tropical rain forests. Does diversity come at a price?" Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 45, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v45i4.504.
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Tropical rain forests are rich in plant and animal species. The sustainable extraction of non-timber forest products has been advocated as a strategy to best conserve this diversity. However, the development and implementation of such exploitation systems, which aim to reconcile conservation and economic development, are still hampered by the lack of information on the biological sustainability of these systems, the impact of these exploitation systems on the biological diversity and the insufficient knowledge of the role of forest products in the household economy of forest dependent people and hence their prospects for economic development. Whether the exploitation of non-timber forest products from tropical rain forests is sustainable or not is still open to question, but data presently available on the biological, social and economic aspects of these extraction systems point at an interesting question: does diversity come at a price? Namely, low density of conspecifics, and thus products, and hence low productivity for those involved in the collection of forest resources. The paper will further discuss whether domestication of forest species provides an alternative for some of these species. Species are part of a complex ecosystem and their functioning is partly depended on the presence of other species in the system. The attributes of the species which have to be taken into account in order to make domestication of forest species successful are considered. Finally, the paper returns to the question of how to reconcile conservation and use of tropical rain forests. It will present a case for domesticating the forest instead of the species or, in other words, changing the forest composition without changing its structure and functioning, and maintaining acceptable levels of biodiversity.
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Bhattarai, Lekha Nath. "Forest Management Systems in Western Hill Nepal: A Study of Mahabharat Tract, Arghakhanchi District." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 2, no. 1 (April 2, 2007): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v2i1.54.
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This article intends to examine the dimensions of existing forest management systems in the western hill of Nepal on the basis of field survey conducted in the Mahabharat tract of Arghakhanchi District. The study suggests that there is a simultaneous existence of three regimes of forest administration and management in the study area, namely state controlled system, privately owned system and the community management system. Neither the forests are protected nor any initiatives of management as such found to have launched under state controlled system. However, the privately owned forests and pastures found to have managed better and so the community managed forests tracts. Although the community forests in area and intensity seems to be still in infancy the perception of the locals was found highly enthusiastic towards it and it is found directly related to the degree of scarcity of forest products. The assessment of some of the successful community forests entails that the emerging model of community forest is getting indispensable and right option for the better management of remaining forests despite some of the impediments posed due to heterogeneity within the communities of the users, the uneven distribution of the forests across the village settlements, undefined boundaries and tedious official procedures for handing over.
Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.2(1) 2005 pp.56-64
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Williams, Kathryn. "Beliefs about natural forest systems." Australian Forestry 65, no. 2 (January 2002): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2002.10674858.
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Харченко, Nikolay Kharchenko, Харченко, Nikolay Kharchenko, Ахтырцев, and Anatoliy Akhtyrtsev. "Reclamation role of oak forests of Central forest steppe." Forestry Engineering Journal 4, no. 1 (April 21, 2014): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3344.
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Arena and ravine oak forests make up a single, suitable for each stage of development of forest steppe spatial structure of forests. According to the domestic foresters role of oak forests in the forest is much more important than their productivity. Forest cover of the region must correspond to its network of gullies and ravines. Current state of gullies and gully systems, direction climatic changes indicate the formation of favorable conditions for their natural overgrowth with trees and shrubs, which leads to stabilization of forest-steppe landscapes.
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Skole, David L., Jay H. Samek, Cheikh Mbow, Michael Chirwa, Dan Ndalowa, Tangu Tumeo, Daud Kachamba, Judith Kamoto, Alfred Chioza, and Francis Kamangadazi. "Direct Measurement of Forest Degradation Rates in Malawi: Toward a National Forest Monitoring System to Support REDD+." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040426.
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Spatial time-series measurements of forest degradation rates are important for estimating national greenhouse gas emissions but have been challenging for open forests and woodlands. This lack of quantitative data on forest degradation rates, location and biomass is an important constraint to developing national REDD+ policy. In Malawi, and in most countries in Africa, most assessments of forest cover change for carbon emissions monitoring tend to report only deforestation in the public forest estate managed by the government, even when important forest degradation also occurs in agricultural areas, such as customary forests and other tree-based systems. This study has resulted in: (a) a new robust forest map for Malawi, (b) spatial and quantitative measurements of both forest degradation and deforestation, and (c) a demonstration of the approach through the introduction of a tool that maps across the broad landscape of forests and trees outside of forests. The results can be used to support REDD+ National Forest Monitoring Systems. This analysis produces new estimates of landscape-wide deforestation rates between 2000–2009 (22,410 ha yr−1) and 2009–2015 (38,937 ha yr−1). We further produce new estimates of the rate of forest degradation between 2000–2009 (42,961 ha yr−1) and 2009–2015 (71,878 ha yr−1). The contribution of these new tools and estimates to capacities for calculating carbon emissions are important, increasing prospects for full REDD+ readiness across semi-arid Africa.
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Francis, Ben, Tyron Venn, Tom Lewis, and Jeremy Brawner. "Case Studies of the Financial Performance of Silvopastoral Systems in Southern Queensland, Australia." Forests 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020186.
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There is considerable uncertainty surrounding the future availability of hardwood timber from state-owned native forests in southern Queensland. The timber industry is becoming increasingly reliant on private native forests, where much is on properties primarily managed for beef cattle grazing. Historically, these forests have been periodically high-grade harvested without silvicultural treatment or cleared to increase pasture production where landholders have the right to do so. This study compares these traditional forest management practices at four case study properties against silvopastoral system alternatives. Merchantable timber, pasture and cattle production was estimated for each management scenario with a native forest silvicultural treatment response model. The net present value of each scenario was estimated over a 20-year management period. For all case study properties, the worst-performing forest management scenario was to clear forest for grazing. Investment in silvopastoral systems in southern Queensland was found to be financially attractive, particularly when silvicultural treatments were implemented in year zero to increase timber production. Silvicultural treatments increased the mean annual increment of merchantable timber over 20 years by an average of 1.3 m3/ha/year relative to the scenario where no management was performed in year zero. Forest management scenarios with silvicultural treatments had better financial performance than scenarios without silvicultural treatment. However, long payback periods and sovereign risk are serious impediments to silvopastoral system adoption in southern Queensland. If these concerns can be overcome, private native forests have the potential to be sustainably managed to improve the financial performance of farms, improve regional employment and income generation, supply Queensland’s future hardwood timber needs, and increase carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation on private land.
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Wiersum, K. F. "From natural forest to tree crops, co-domestication of forests and tree species, an overview." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 45, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v45i4.503.
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The process of domestication of tree crops has only been given limited attention. This process starts with the protection of natural forests and ends with the cultivation of domesticated tree crops. In this evolutionary process three types of human-influenced forest environments may be distinguished: (1) conserved forests, (2) modified forests, and (3) transformed forests. During the process of domestication an increasing input of human energy per unit of exploited forest takes place. Accordingly three phases in the domestication of forests may be distinguished: (1) an acculturalization phase in which social measures aimed at controlling the utilization of valuable tree species or patches of forests are implemented, (2) a phase of manipulation of wild tree species in which the socially-oriented management practices are enhanced with measures aimed at enhancing the (re)productive potential of valued species, and (3) a phase of cultivation of genetically modified tree crops. As a result of the co-domestication of forests and trees various types of forests and/or tree cultivation systems can be distinguished. So far more attention has been given to understanding the characteristics of the early and end phases than to the various intermediate phases represented by indigenous forest management and agroforestry systems. These are characterized by a modification of the highly diverse natural forest ecosystems to a state in which the biodiversity has been somewhat reduced, but in which a larger proportion of useful resources are present. Such systems provide interesting examples of the wide range of options for managing forest resources with varying degrees of biodiversity and productive values.
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Bayrak, Mucahid Mustafa, Tran Nam Tu, and Paul Burgers. "Restructuring space in the name of development: the sociocultural impact of the Forest Land Allocation Program on the indigenous Co Tu people in Central Vietnam." Journal of Political Ecology 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v20i1.21745.
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The Forest Land Allocation (FLA) program was introduced by the Vietnamese government in 1991 and it allowed communities, household groups and households to receive forest land for long term use (50 years). The main assumption of this program was that with ownership, households would have greater incentives to preserve forests. But the State, through its formal agencies, still decides how the forests will be used and managed. There have been unintended socio-cultural consequences of this program affecting Vietnam's forest-dependent indigenous communities. The study focused on two Co Tu villages in Central Vietnam. Their livelihoods and their culture, institutions, social life, customs, and religious beliefs are linked to surrounding forests. The FLA program has altered the traditional forest management practices and systems of the Co Tu people, as well as their traditional institutions, particularly the role of the village patriarch, and to a lesser extent their perceptions of 'nature'. The FLA program has consolidated the power of formal institutions in both villages.Keywords: Forest Land Allocation program, Indigenous forest management systems, Co Tu people of Central Vietnam, socio-cultural impact of development interventions, nature conservation, paradigms of nature.
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Rideout, Doug. "Managerial finance for silvicultural systems." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-026.
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Recent advances in the economic theory of uneven-aged forest management are integrated and expressed in terms of cash flow analysis for managerial purposes. Silvicultural systems are exemplified by shelterwood and selection systems. The financial methodology developed for shelterwood and selection systems is based on the concept of a long-term managed forest value. The managed forest value which represents the long-term value of the forest under optimal management, is largely independant of the initial stand condition. The managed forest value is analagous with, but not equal to, forest land value as defined in the 1849 Faustmann model. Financial methodology is first developed for shelterwood. Selection management is subsequently discussed and shown by example to be of similar financial structure.
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Tittler, Rebecca, Christian Messier, and Philip J. Burton. "Hierarchical forest management planning and sustainable forest management in the boreal forest." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 998–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77998-6.
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In keeping with international efforts to encourage sustainable forest management, new legislation, regulations, and certification criteria have been brought into effect across boreal regions of the world in the past decade or less. These initiatives have established hierarchical systems of forest management planning that consider multiple uses of the forest and various aspects of sustainable forest management at different scales. We describe the systems established in Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, Russia, Finland, and Sweden. Most jurisdictions employ some form of three-level planning framework, in which strategic, tactical, and operational plans and considerations are presented with successively greater detail and spatial explicitness. However, planning scales and time horizons vary considerably, as does the level of consideration given to biodiversity and social concerns. We examine these systems in the context of sustainable forest management, raising a number of questions to be addressed in future research, adaptive management, and policy reform. In particular, we note (1) a need of new landscape and regional planning tools to evaluate the long-term and large-scale impacts of various land uses and (2) a general lack of responsiveness to global carbon and climate change concerns. Key words: forest management planning, sustainable forest management, boreal forest, forest policy, planning hierarchies, hierarchical planning
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Kruglyak, V. V. "Adaptive landscape systems for natural frame in Voronezh." FORESTRY BULLETIN 25, no. 2 (April 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-2-64-72.
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The substantiation of an adaptive planting system for the natural frame of Voronezh is presented. A forest-park green belt has been identified, the components of which make up a single natural ecological system. It is indicated that the oak forests of the urban district of Voronezh occupy an area of 4500 hectares. Using the indicators of the normal head water level, average width, average depth, length of the coastline, regulation coefficient, the morphometric characteristics and standard head water levels of the Voronezh reservoir were determined. On the basis of functional zoning in the Voronezh reservoir, three zones are identified and their characteristics are given. It was identified that the forest cover of the Central Chernozem region is 9 %, which is lower than the normative indicators of forest cover for creating the natural frame in Voronezh. It is shown that the scientific objects of the Educational and Experimental Forestry Enterprise of the Voronezh State Forestry University (VGLTU) for the creation of forest cultures of the main forest-forming species in the Central Chernozem Region confirm the concept of creating adaptive landscaping systems for the natural frame of the city of Voronezh. 140 species in the genus of birch have been identified, which can be used for adaptive landscaping systems in the area under consideration. The stated description of the Great Voronezh Ecological Trail (BVET) along the entire route, characterized by the presence of unique natural landscape, botanical, geological, garden and park objects. An upward trend in the indicator of recreation of adaptive landscaping systems from 31,904.3 hectares was recorded up to 32421.2 hectares in 2020. It is noted that the climatic and natural conditions of this territory are favorable for growing an expanded range of tree species and shrubs, primarily the main forest-forming species.
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Ngao, Jérôme, Bernard Longdoz, Dominique Perrin, Gaëlle Vincent, Daniel Epron, Valérie Le Dantec, Kamel Soudani, Marc Aubinet, François Willm, and André Granier. "Cross-calibration functions for soil CO2efflux measurement systems." Annals of Forest Science 63, no. 5 (July 2006): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006028.
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Azarov, Azamat, Zbynek Polesny, Dietrich Darr, Maksim Kulikov, Vladimir Verner, and Roy C. Sidle. "Classification of Mountain Silvopastoral Farming Systems in Walnut Forests of Kyrgyzstan: Determining Opportunities for Sustainable Livelihoods." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122004.
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Kyrgyz walnut-fruit forests are unique ecosystems inhabited by silvopastoral farm households that depend on forest resources for their livelihoods. Illegal logging, excessive collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and overgrazing of forest pastures negatively affect forest regeneration and biodiversity, ultimately impacting sustainable livelihoods in the region. Understanding farm heterogeneity is critical to identify targeted interventions that have the potential to improve livelihood sustainability for local populations. This study identifies and elucidates the typology of farms in walnut-fruit forests. Data were collected from 220 farm-households in three villages located within or in the buffer zone of protected areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to analyze quantitative data and aggregate farms into clusters according to forest resource availability and use, production means, and socioeconomic characteristics. Three distinct silvopastoral farming systems were identified, in which farmers collect and sell NTFPs, but also have: (i) relatively high NTFP income, medium-sized livestock herds, and low off-farm income; (ii) moderate NTFP income, large livestock herds, and high off-farm income; and (iii) low NTFP income, small herds, and moderate off-farm income. Overall, all types of farms showed different livelihood strategies; specific recommendations aimed at increasing sustainability were provided for each type. While both improved forages for livestock and grazing in forests are relevant for all types of farms, in some cases, value-added processing of NTFPs and contributions from off-farm activities such as tourism are necessary for the conservation and sustainable use of forests.
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Sarvašová, Zuzana, Emil Cienciala, Jana Beranová, Michal Vančo, Andrej Ficko, and Marta Pardos. "Analysis of governance systems applied in multifunctional forest management in selected European mountain regions / Analýza systémov governancie využívaných pri multifunkčnom manažmente lesov vo vybraných európskych horských oblastiach." Forestry Journal 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0017.
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Abstract The objective of this study is to map and analyse governance systems relevant for the implementation of multifunctional mountain forest management in selected European countries. This paper is based on the FP7 research project Advanced multifunctional forest management in European mountain ranges (ARANGE). Current governance systems relevant for the implementation of multifunctional forest management are analysed in seven case study areas: the Iberian Mountains (Spain), Western Alps (France), Eastern Alps (Austria), Dinaric Mountains (Slovenia), Scandinavian Mountains (Sweden), Western Carpathians (Slovakia) and Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). Qualitative social research methods were applied for data collection. Semi-structured questionnaire was focused on the following elements of governance: participation and stakeholders interactions and inter-sectorial coordination. The results indicate that forest managers share a general perception of multifunctional forest management being focused on preserving or strengthening several forest functions and services including timber production. They believe that current governance systems basically support multifunctional management of mountain forests. The participatory and inter-sectoral processes are playing an important role in multifunctional forest management in selected European mountain regions.
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Egbuche, Christian Toochi, Su Zhiyao, Azubuike N. O, I. E. Duruanyim, Marcellin Robertson, Duru I. C., and Okoi U. Ina Jnr. "Integrated Forest Management Systems: Evaluation of forest soil properties for Environmental Quality and Agricultural Productivity." EARTH SCIENCES AND HUMAN CONSTRUCTIONS 2 (April 26, 2022): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232024.2022.2.13.
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Soil physical and chemical properties do affect forests (plant) growth and soil management systems. Some key and important physical and chemical properties of soil are mineral content, texture, cation exchange capacity, bulk density, structure, porosity, organic matter content, carbon-to-ni- trogen ratio, color, depth, fertility, and pH. Sustainable forest management and soil quality parameters may include such terrestrial functions as carbon sequestration, land use management, erosion control, plant productivity and a soil’s capacity to produce biomass. Sustainable forest management consistently requires enhancement of both the chemical and physical properties of forest soil quality. Land use and change in land use as well as forest management systems, are main indicators that may determine which soil properties induce changes in any forest site. Forest management and crop yield are key issues of environmental/productivity quality in addressing carbon mitigation and absorption in plant species and agricultural productivity. Five distinct forest soils under major physical properties and chemical properties were evaluated at the forest ecology laboratory. The results were determined while considering regional forest management regimes. Correlation analysis in Deqing forest soil showed that higher correlation of NMC at 25-50cm depth, BD at 0-25cm as well as 25-50cm while EC was high on 0-40 and 0.60 At the Guangzhou site, acidic levels (pH 0-25cm) indicated minor correlation and soil salinity (EC 25-50cm) also showed minor correlation. The trend was same the at the Changtan forest site where soil salinity showed only minor significant relationship (0-25cm). A percentage assessment of SOC (g/kg) among the forest sites by plot observation showed that Deqing forest site, Changtan and Nanling were well distributed which confers best forest management regimes that yield to good forest soil chemical and physical properties. This study gave scientific insight and boast plant functional nutrient interaction as well as stability towards better agricultural productivity and forest management systems. This is in agreement that good management and less disturbance in forest soils are major component of physical and chemical properties interaction, thereby for effective integrated forest and agricultural management systems.
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Egbuche, Christian Toochi, Su Zhiyao, Azubuike N. O, I. E. Duruanyim, Marcellin Robertson, Duru I. C., and Okoi U. Ina Jnr. "Integrated Forest Management Systems: Evaluation of forest soil properties for Environmental Quality and Agricultural Productivity." EARTH SCIENCES AND HUMAN CONSTRUCTIONS 2 (April 26, 2022): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232024.2022.2.13.
Full textAbstract:
Soil physical and chemical properties do affect forests (plant) growth and soil management systems. Some key and important physical and chemical properties of soil are mineral content, texture, cation exchange capacity, bulk density, structure, porosity, organic matter content, carbon-to-ni- trogen ratio, color, depth, fertility, and pH. Sustainable forest management and soil quality parameters may include such terrestrial functions as carbon sequestration, land use management, erosion control, plant productivity and a soil’s capacity to produce biomass. Sustainable forest management consistently requires enhancement of both the chemical and physical properties of forest soil quality. Land use and change in land use as well as forest management systems, are main indicators that may determine which soil properties induce changes in any forest site. Forest management and crop yield are key issues of environmental/productivity quality in addressing carbon mitigation and absorption in plant species and agricultural productivity. Five distinct forest soils under major physical properties and chemical properties were evaluated at the forest ecology laboratory. The results were determined while considering regional forest management regimes. Correlation analysis in Deqing forest soil showed that higher correlation of NMC at 25-50cm depth, BD at 0-25cm as well as 25-50cm while EC was high on 0-40 and 0.60 At the Guangzhou site, acidic levels (pH 0-25cm) indicated minor correlation and soil salinity (EC 25-50cm) also showed minor correlation. The trend was same the at the Changtan forest site where soil salinity showed only minor significant relationship (0-25cm). A percentage assessment of SOC (g/kg) among the forest sites by plot observation showed that Deqing forest site, Changtan and Nanling were well distributed which confers best forest management regimes that yield to good forest soil chemical and physical properties. This study gave scientific insight and boast plant functional nutrient interaction as well as stability towards better agricultural productivity and forest management systems. This is in agreement that good management and less disturbance in forest soils are major component of physical and chemical properties interaction, thereby for effective integrated forest and agricultural management systems.
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Kalyashov, Vitaliy, Vladimir Shapiro, Igor Grigorev, Ol'ga Kunitskaya, Olga Grigoreva, and Tamara Storodubtseva. "INVESTIGATION OF THE TRACK FORMATION PROCESS AND ITS STABILITY DURING THE OP-ERATION OF FOREST MACHINES AND SKIDDING SYSTEMS ON THE SLOPES OF THE THAWED SOIL." Forestry Engineering Journal 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.2/12.
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A significant part of mature and over-mature commercial forests of the Russian Federation are concentrated in the Far Eastern Federal District. Most of the forests of the Far East are characterized by a relief that is inconvenient for the operation of traditional machine systems for logging operations (steep and very steep slopes). In addition, a significant part of the forests of the Far East grows on permafrost. It is known that the forests on the slopes are among the most vulnerable from the ecological point of view, the same can be said about the forests on the permafrost. As a result, the permafrost forests growing on the slopes can be attributed to one of the most vulnerable forest ecosystems. In this regard, the requirements for the environmental efficiency of forest machines and skidding systems when harvesting wood in the forests of the permafrost zone growing on the slopes are one of the most stringent. This circumstance is very important, for example, for the development of logging in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It is well known about the negative impact of forest machine propellers on the soils of cutting areas; this issue has been studied and is being studied by a large number of scientists. The negative impact on soils, first of all, consists in overconsolidation and the formation of a track, which in the future is the center of water and wind erosion. Solving the problem of ecological compatibility of modern forest machines and skidding systems with soils of permafrost cutting areas growing on the slopes will increase the effective development of the allowable cut in forests on permafrost. The most optimal way to increase the environmental compatibility of machines and forest ecosystem is to substantiate the optimal machine parameters and performance indicators for specific conditions
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Leckie, Donald G. "Advances in remote sensing technologies for forest surveys and management." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 464–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-063.
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Canadian forest management has had a long history of developing and implementing remote sensing technology and is a major user of remote sensing. Despite difficulties in developing and implementing new digital remote sensing techniques, several key developments in Canadian forest management and in remote sensing and computer technology make the development and implementation of new remote sensing techniques at this time feasible and appropriate. Integration of different remote sensing technologies, remote sensing data with other information sources through geographic information systems, and remote sensing interpretations with forest management systems and practices are critical. Current capabilities and new advances in remote sensing technology for forest survey (excluding forest damage assessment) are discussed. Satellite imagery is a cost-effective tool for broad forest type mapping. New satellite systems improve this capability, but their major impact will be in inventories for new clear-cut and burned areas. Advances in linear array imager technology and lidar systems may lead to development of an end to end inventory mapping system. This system would provide an alternative to aerial photography and current mapping methods and could revolutionize the way forests are inventoried. Imaging spectrometry is a new technology with applications in damage assessment, but as yet has limited potential for assisting in other forest surveys. Spaceborne imaging radar systems are being developed for the 1990s. These systems can produce imagery under cloudy conditions. Their major impact on forestry will be to provide an alternative to visible-infrared satellite data for inventory update.
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Lozano-Baez, Sergio Esteban, Yamileth Domínguez-Haydar, Simone Di Prima, Miguel Cooper, and Mirko Castellini. "Shade-Grown Coffee in Colombia Benefits Soil Hydraulic Conductivity." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 7768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147768.
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Secondary tropical forests and coffee agroforestry systems contain fewer trees than native forests but can positively impact soil hydrological functions, such as water infiltration compared to the pasture land that they replace. However, for both land uses it remains in how far the soil hydraulic characteristics are comparable to that of native forest. Therefore, we investigated the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and some hydrophysical soil attributes in four land-use types: (i) a shade-grown coffee; (ii) a natural regenerated forest 15 years ago; (iii) a pasture; and (iv) a reference forest, in the municipality of La Jagua de Ibirico, César department, Colombia. We determined historical land use and conducted soil sampling, using the Beerkan method to determine the Ks values. We also measured canopy cover, vegetation height, diameter at breast height and total number of trees in the forest covers. Our results indicate that Ks values were similar for the coffee and the reference forest, reflecting the positive effect of trees on soil hydrological functioning in agroforestry systems. Our results suggest that 15 years of forest regeneration after land abandonment in Sub-Andean Forest, can improve the soil hydraulic attributes. Additionally, soil water repellency was observed for the reference forest soil.
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CONRAD, ROBERT F., MALCOLM GILLIS, and D. EVAN MERCER. "Tropical forest harvesting and taxation: a dynamic model of harvesting behavior under selective extraction systems." Environment and Development Economics 10, no. 5 (October 2005): 689–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x05002391.
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A dynamic model of selective harvesting in multi-species, multi-age tropical forests is developed. Forests are predicted to exhibit different optimal harvesting profiles depending on the nature of their joint cost functions and own or cross-species stock effects. The model is applied to the controversy about incentives produced by various taxes. The impacts of specific taxes are shown to depend on the composition of the forest stocks, growth rates, and joint cost effects. Therefore, specific taxes may create different incentives and impacts in Indonesia than in Brazil or Malaysia, for example, suggesting that no single uniform forest tax policy will be appropriate for all countries or all forests.
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Rout, Naresh. "Tribal Land Conflicts and State Forestry in Odisha: A Historical Study." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12423.
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The history of human existence and civilizations are intertwined with forests and trees. Forests are crucial for the goods and services they provide, which people all over the world depend on. Strategies to enhance the contributions of the world’s forests to social development, livelihoods and poverty eradication are vital at a time when unsustainable practices and economic crises continue to threaten healthy forests and the people who depend upon them. The survival of tribal communities critically depends on land and forest resources. For historical and ecological reasons, most tribal people inhabit the forest and highly inaccessible regions of the state. These communities practise various customary land tenure systems, which have often been modified by state policies and legislation. The clan-based land tenure system was based on customary rights over land, trees and forest. The land use and tenure systems vary from tribe to tribe, as reflected in the practice and terraced cultivation. The relationship between tribal people and forest resources has been symbiotic in nature. The life-way processes of Odisha’s tribal people are reflected in their economy, religion, polity and social institutions, which cannot be understood without understanding various aspects of the forest surrounding them.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12423 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-2: 143-147
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Haddon, Brian. "The status of forest regeneration in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73586-5.
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The regenerating land base of Crown forest lands harvested under even-aged forest management systems since 1975 was about 14 million ha in 1995. Most harvested areas are regenerating successfully. Natural regeneration plays a much bigger role in Canadian forestry than planting or seeding. The area of forest land that remains understocked after harvesting is shrinking. The data presented were provided through the REGEN component of the National Forestry Database Program by the provincial and territorial agencies responsible for the management of forest resources in their jurisdictions. Key words: forest inventory, forest regeneration, Canadian forests
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Beese, W. J., and J. T. Arnott. "Montane Alternative Silvicultural Systems (MASS): Establishing and managing a multi-disciplinary, multi-partner research site." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75413-3.
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The Montane Alternative Silvicultural Systems (MASS) study was established on Vancouver Island, B.C. to develop operationally feasible and ecologically sustainable silvicultural systems in old-growth forests. The project addresses regeneration, biodiversity and aesthetic concerns over clearcutting at high elevations. Over twenty integrated studies are examining the biological and economic consequences of shelterwood, small patch clearcut, dispersed green tree retention and clearcut alternatives. Planning and pre-harvest studies began two years before the 1993 harvesting. The Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada (FERIC) documented the cost and feasibility of harvesting. Post-harvest studies have been underway for five years with funding by the Canada-B.C. Forest Resource Development Agreement (ERDA II), Forest Renewal BC (FRBC), Industry Canada and project cooperators. There are numerous challenges associated with establishing and managing a multi-disciplinary, long-term research site with multiple partners. This paper discusses the administrative aspects of integrated research based on our experience with the MASS project. Key words: research cooperative, silvicultural systems, old-growth forests
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Mozgeris, Gintautas, Vilis Brukas, Nerijus Pivoriūnas, Gintautas Činga, Ekaterina Makrickienė, Steigvilė Byčenkienė, Vitas Marozas, et al. "Spatial Pattern of Climate Change Effects on Lithuanian Forestry." Forests 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090809.
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Research Highlights: Validating modelling approach which combines global framework conditions in the form of climate and policy scenarios with the use of forest decision support system to assess climate change impacts on the sustainability of forest management. Background and Objectives: Forests and forestry have been confirmed to be sensitive to climate. On the other hand, human efforts to mitigate climate change influence forests and forest management. To facilitate the evaluation of future sustainability of forest management, decision support systems are applied. Our aims are to: (1) Adopt and validate decision support tool to incorporate climate change and its mitigation impacts on forest growth, global timber demands and prices for simulating future trends of forest ecosystem services in Lithuania, (2) determine the magnitude and spatial patterns of climate change effects on Lithuanian forests and forest management in the future, supposing that current forestry practices are continued. Materials and Methods: Upgraded version of Lithuanian forestry simulator Kupolis was used to model the development of all forests in the country until 2120 under management conditions of three climate change scenarios. Selected stand-level forest and forest management characteristics were aggregated to the level of regional branches of the State Forest Enterprise and analyzed for the spatial and temporal patterns of climate change effects. Results: Increased forest growth under a warmer future climate resulted in larger tree dimensions, volumes of growing stock, naturally dying trees, harvested assortments, and also higher profits from forestry activities. Negative impacts were detected for the share of broadleaved tree species in the standing volume and the tree species diversity. Climate change effects resulted in spatially clustered patterns—increasing stand productivity, and amounts of harvested timber were concentrated in the regions with dominating coniferous species, while the same areas were exposed to negative dynamics of biodiversity-related forest attributes. Current forest characteristics explained 70% or more of the variance of climate change effects on key forest and forest management attributes. Conclusions: Using forest decision support systems, climate change scenarios and considering the balance of delivered ecosystem services is suggested as a methodological framework for validating forest management alternatives aiming for more adaptiveness in Lithuanian forestry.
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Haddon, B. D. "Planning the New Forest: Information Systems." Forestry Chronicle 64, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64127a1-2.
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