Journal articles on the topic 'Forest surveys'
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1
Martin, Maxence, Nicole J. Fenton, and Hubert Morin. "Boreal old-growth forest structural diversity challenges aerial photographic survey accuracy." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 2 (February 2020): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0177.
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The erosion of old-growth forests in boreal managed landscapes is a major issue currently faced by forest managers; however, resolving this problem requires accurate surveys. The intention of our study was to determine if historic operational aerial forest surveys accurately identified boreal old-growth forests in Quebec, Canada. We first compared stand successional stages (even-aged vs. old-growth) in two aerial surveys performed in 1968 (preindustrial aerial survey) and 2007 (modern aerial survey) on the same 2200 km2 territory. Second, we evaluated the accuracy of the modern aerial survey by comparing its results with those of 74 field plots sampled in the study territory between 2014 and 2016. The two aerial surveys differed significantly; 80.8% of the undisturbed stands that were identified as “old-growth” in the preindustrial survey were classified as “even-aged” in the modern survey, and 60% of the stands identified as “old-growth” by field sampling were also erroneously identified as “even-aged” by the modern aerial survey. The scarcity of obvious old-growth attributes in boreal old-growth forests, as well as poorly adapted modern aerial survey criteria (i.e., criteria requiring high vertical stratification and significant changes in tree species composition along forest succession), were the main factors explaining these errors. It is therefore likely that most of Quebec’s boreal old-growth forests are currently not recognized as such in forest inventories, challenging the efficacy of sustainable forest management policies.
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Whipp, Robyn K., Ian D. Lunt, Andrew Deane, and Peter G. Spooner. "Historical forest survey data from Eucalyptus - Callitris forests: a valuable resource for long-term vegetation studies." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 7 (2009): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09154.
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Quantitative information about historical changes in natural ecosystems is important for guiding management interventions. However, few accurate data sources are available for documenting long-term vegetation changes. In this paper, we describe a neglected source of quantitative information on historical forest structure: forest inventory strip surveys, which were widely used in eastern Australia from 1915 to the 1940s. Strip surveys provide quantitative information on the species composition, stem density, basal area, stem form and size class distributions of dominant tree species. Such information is not available from other widespread data sources. Strip surveys usually surveyed 10% of the total forest area. In this paper, we describe the original survey methods, demonstrate how to decode data-book entries, and analyse a sample dataset from the Pilliga State Forests in northern New South Wales to illustrate the information that can be obtained from this material. Strip survey data-books are poorly archived. Many books exist for Eucalyptus–Callitris forests in northern and central NSW, and additional books may exist for many other forest types in eastern Australia. Strip surveys provide a valuable data source for studying long-term vegetation changes in forest ecosystems. We urge forest managers to search for and preserve this precious archival material.
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Hall, J. Peter. "ARNEWS assesses the health of Canada's forests." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71607-5.
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In 1984 the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) established the Acid Rain National Early Warning System (ARNEWS) to monitor the state of health of Canada's forests. This program was implemented by the CFS Forest Insect and Disease Survey (FIDS) who survey the plots annually and determine the causes of observed damage. For the period, 1984-1994, the survey indicates that there has been no large-scale decline in the health of Canada's forests. Insects, diseases and abiotic conditions have impacted forests, and isolated cases of damage caused by air pollution have been observed. The presence of unknown damage is also being investigated to determine if pollution is involved. The results of this survey support the need for a national forest health monitoring network as part of sustainable management of Canadian forests. Key words: forest health, forest surveys, sustainable forestry, ecosystem monitoring
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Liu, C. J., and Richard (Dick) Brantigan. "Using differential GPS for forest traverse surveys." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-194.
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This report documents the accuracy and efficiency of differential GPS (DGPS) when it is applied in forest environments. The report contains research results obtained from using DGPS for forest-stand boundary surveys conducted in hardwood forests in a mountainous region. Reported also is the result of a cost-effectiveness analysis that contrasts the satellite-based DGPS positioning and the conventional land-based compass-and-chain surveys. The study found that (1) both forest canopy and undulating terrain in mountainous regions would exert a definite effect on DGPS traverse surveys but neither would reduce stand area determination accuracy; (2) in general, static DGPS was more accurate but less productive than the kinematic DGPS when accuracy and cost were weighted equally; (3) inaccurate two-dimensional position determinations degraded positioning accuracy in either the kinematic or static positioning mode; and (4) kinematic DGPS traverse was a cost-effective survey technique capable of achieving closer forest stand area approximation than the compass-and-chain traverse.
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Reynolds, Michelle H., Richard J. Camp, Bonnie M. B. Nielson, and James D. Jacobi. "Evidence of change in a low-elevation forest bird community of Hawai'i since 1979." Bird Conservation International 13, no. 3 (September 2003): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270903003149.
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We evaluated the abundance and distribution of low-elevation forest birds on windward Hawai'i Island during August 1993-February 1994, and present evidence of changes in the species composition of the forest bird community since 1979. Endemic Hawaiian birds occurred in native-dominated forests as low as 120 m elevation. Non-native species were detected at all survey locations. We observed non-native Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola, previously unrecorded in Puna. Variable circular plot surveys of Kahauale'a Natural Area Reserve indicated the disappearance of two native species ('I'iwi Vestiaria coccinea and 'O'u Psittitostra psittacea), and two non-native additions (Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea and Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelana) to the study area since the Hawai'i Forest Bird Survey conducted in 1979. We present evidence that native 'Elepaio Chasiempsis sandwichensis has experienced a decrease in population density and an elevational range contraction since 1979. Surveys indicate Puna's forest bird community has had increasing aliens and declining native species since 1979. The persistence of some native bird species within the range of avian disease vectors such as Culex quinquefasciatus in forests below 1,000 m elevation presents an important enigma that requires additional study.
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PARASHURAM, DEVATHI, STEFFEN OPPEL, CALVIN FENTON, GLENFORD JAMES, JAMES DALEY, GERARD GRAY, NIGEL J. COLLAR, and PAUL M. DOLMAN. "The Forest Thrush Turdus lherminieri prefers mature mesic forest with dense canopy." Bird Conservation International 25, no. 4 (February 2, 2015): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000495.
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SummaryHabitat loss, the primary driver for loss of biodiversity worldwide, is of special concern for species that have a small area of occurrence, such as those restricted to islands. The Forest Thrush Turdus lherminieri is a ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) species endemic to four islands in the Caribbean, and its population has declined dramatically over the past 15 years. Because this decline is poorly understood, we studied its habitat associations on Montserrat. We conducted three repeat point count surveys and measured forest structure and habitat at each of 88 randomly placed locations in the largest forest area remaining on the island. We related Forest Thrush abundance to habitat using binomial mixture models that account for imperfect detection. Detection probability was a function of survey time, survey date, location of the survey point, and wind. Local habitat structure had the greatest influence on Forest Thrush abundance, with birds being more abundant at mid-elevations under closed canopies. We conclude that the Forest Thrush prefers mature mesic and wet forests on Montserrat. Assuming similar habitat selection in the rest of its range, the species’s long-term future depends on good protection of these natural forests on all four islands where it occurs.
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BADEA, Ovidiu, Diana Maria SILAGHI, Stefan NEAGU, Ioan TAUT, and Stefan LECA. "Forest Monitoring - Assessment, Analysis and Warning System for Forest Ecosystem Status." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41, no. 2 (December 6, 2013): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4129304.
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Forests provide essential benefits and services as an important component of terrestrial ecosystems. Their functionality and health result from multiple and cumulative interactions of biotic and abiotic stress factors such as air pollution, climate change, changes in land use, and poor management practices. A forest monitoring system was established to identify, analyse and assess the degradation of European forests. Two levels of forest monitoring were developed: I) large-scale forest condition surveys, based on an European grid system starting in 1986 and II) an intensive non-systematic survey network placed in representative forest ecosystems starting in 1994. Romania implemented both level I (1990-1991) and level II (1991-1992) forest monitoring surveys with the results showing the effects of increased air temperatures and a drastic decrease of precipitation since the decade of 1971-1980. Thus, the highest values of damaged trees (crown defoliation >25%) percent were recorded in 1993, 1994, 2000 and 2003 both in the national and European networks. Also, in southern and South-Eastern Romania the forests are more frequently damaged as a response to worsening of climatic factors in this region in recent decades, with temperatures rising 0.7-0.8°C. In general, in Romania, ozone concentrations remained below the critical threshold (40-50 ppb) for affecting growth or health of trees. The levels of S-SO4 and N-NO3 declined in the atmosphere but the accumulation continued to increase in the soil, leading to soil acidification, mainly at depths of 10-40 cm). In general, during the last decade, Romanian forests were affected at low to medium intensities with damage rate up to 11% of the trees and the status of general forest health improved slightly.
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Joseph, Niji, R. Sreejai, and M. Ajayakumar. "Report of new myristica swamp ecosystems from the Western Ghats at Pathanapuram, Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 12 (December 26, 2023): 24437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8242.15.12.24437-24442.
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We present a new distributional report of myristica swamp ecosystems in the Western Ghats at Pathanapuram, Kerala, India based on several distinct field surveys from April 2022 to June 2022. From Kerala, myristica swamp has previously been reported mainly from Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Kulathupuzha Reserve Forests, and adjoining regions of the Anchal forest ranges in southern Western Ghats. The present study described and illustrated the occurrence of myristica swamp from the Pathanapuram forest range in Kerala for the first time. The observed myristica swamps from the Pathanapuram forest range are seen inside the Ambanar model forest station and Punnala forest station limits. A total of 18 myristica swamp patches from Ambanar and seven myristica swamps from Punnala were reported and captured. A pilot survey from these sites suggests they are abundant with various faunal and floral wealth. Therefore, recognition and conservation of these ecosystems are essential and vital and suggest further surveys and conservation efforts.
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Dobsinska, Zuzana, and Zuzana Sarvasova. "Perceptions of Forest Owners and the General Public on the Role of Forests in Slovakia." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0003.
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AbstractDuring the past decades, the awareness of environmental issues in forest management is increasing due to changes in environmental education. The perceptions of forests, sustainable management, and ecosystem services were studied through two surveys. The general public and forest owners were the two target groups. The questionnaires had similar questions, though two different methodological approaches were used - the CATI system, for general public opinion survey, and semi-structured questionnaires for forest owners. The second survey contained more detailed questions regarding forest properties. Combined answers from 1503 respondents from the general public and 150 forest owners were evaluated on the following topics: sustainable forestry, major ecosystem services, and perceptions of forests. The majority of the Slovakian public regards ecological values as the most important element, whereas forest owners prefer the economic purposes for the maintenance and enhancement of forests. Forest owners tend to visit their forests once per week, whereas the general public tend to visit only once per month. The main cause for this non-attendance in the general public was a lack of recreational time, followed by a disinterest in forests. The main purpose for visiting forests for both groups was recreation. Overall, it can be concluded that people are mostly satisfied with forest management in Slovakia. Forest owners are satisfied with their forest properties, and plan to keep them for their children. In the future, more attention should be focused on investigating the younger generation’s perception of forests.
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Elliott, Kyle H., Paul A. Smith, and Victoria H. Johnston. "Aerial Surveys Do Not Reliably Survey Boreal-nesting Shorebirds." Canadian Field-Naturalist 124, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i2.1053.
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Aerial surveys have been used as a method for surveying boreal-nesting shorebirds, which breed in difficult-to-access terrain; however, the fraction of breeding birds observed from the air is unknown. We investigated rates of detection by conducting simultaneous air and ground surveys for shorebirds at three sites in the boreal forest of the Northwest Territories, Canada, in 2007. Helicopter surveys included both pond-based surveys where the helicopter flew around the perimeter of each wetland and transect-based surveys where observers recorded birds seen on line transects. Ground surveys involved intensive observation, territory mapping and nest searching in 5 km2 of plots over a period of 5-6 weeks. Shorebird densities observed from the helicopter were highest near large bodies of water. No shorebirds were observed over closed forest despite breeding densities on ground surveys being highest in closed forest. Detection rates were very low, varied among species and aerial survey types, and were inconsistent over time. Ground-based observations showed that the shorebirds often did not flush in response to the helicopter passing overhead. Owing to poor rates of detection, we conclude that helicopter surveys are not an appropriate method for surveying breeding shorebirds in boreal habitats, but may have some utility for monitoring birds' use of stop-over locations.
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Vasconcelos, Marcelo Ferreira de, and Santos D’Angelo Neto. "First avifaunal survey of a Cerrado dry forest enclave on the right bank of the São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with insights on geographic variation of some species." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 (February 20, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.15.
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Cerrado dry forest enclaves have been treated as an endemic bird area. In the last years, some avifaunal surveys have been conducted in dry forests on the left bank of the São Francisco River, eastern Brazil. Nevertheless, there is a gap of detailed ornithological surveys in the Cerrado dry forest enclaves on the right bank of this river. Here, we present the first avifaunal survey of a Cerrado dry forest enclave on the right bank of the São Francisco River. The study area, named “Curral de Pedras”, comprises a dry forest enclave and other associated habitats in central Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. We recorded 172 bird species; nine taxa have their ranges strongly associated to the Caatinga; six present their ranges associated to the Atlantic Forest and one is typical of the Cerrado. Important records are those of Campylopterus calcirupicola, a recently described species associated with dry forests of central Brazil, and Celeus ochraceus, collected in its southernmost range. Furthermore, we obtained specimens that present intermediate phenotypes between the following woodcreeper species: Lepidocolaptes squamatus / L. wagleri and Xiphocolaptes albicollis / X. falcirostris. Those records reinforce the need of further sampling and collecting activities in those dry forest enclaves aiming future researches in taxonomy, geographic variation, and phylogeography.
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Chisholm, Ryan A., Jinqiang Cui, Shawn K. Y. Lum, and Ben M. Chen. "UAV LiDAR for below-canopy forest surveys." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 01, no. 01 (December 1, 2013): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2013-0017.
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Remote sensing tools are increasingly being used to survey forest structure. Most current methods rely on GPS signals, which are available in above-canopy surveys or in below-canopy surveys of open forests, but may be absent in below-canopy environments of dense forests. We trialled a technology that facilitates mobile surveys in GPS-denied below-canopy forest environments. The platform consists of a battery-powered UAV mounted with a LiDAR. It lacks a GPS or any other localisation device. The vehicle is capable of an 8 min flight duration and autonomous operation but was remotely piloted in the present study. We flew the UAV around a 20 m × 20 m patch of roadside trees and developed postprocessing software to estimate the diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) of 12 trees that were detected by the LiDAR. The method detected 73% of trees greater than 200 mm DBH within 3 m of the flight path. Smaller and more distant trees could not be detected reliably. The UAV-based DBH estimates of detected trees were positively correlated with the human-based estimates (R2 = 0.45, p = 0.017) with a median absolute error of 18.1%, a root-mean-square error of 25.1% and a bias of −1.2%. We summarise the main current limitations of this technology and outline potential solutions. The greatest gains in precision could be achieved through use of a localisation device. The long-term factor limiting the deployment of below-canopy UAV surveys is likely to be battery technology.
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Innes, John L. "Forest health surveys — A critique." Environmental Pollution 54, no. 1 (1988): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(88)90171-6.
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Buśko, Małgorzata. "Comparative Analysis of Determining the Market Value of Forest Real Properties Using Various Valuation Techniques." Real Estate Management and Valuation 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2018-0005.
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Abstract The paper presents procedures for determining market values of forest real properties, with particular emphasis placed on the forest stand. The mixed-approach valuation procedure - land valuation index method - was analyzed. The practical part of the work regarding the valuation of the forest stand introduces the various techniques of valuation and acquisition of data on forest resources used, i.e.: index-based valuation approach and stock survey approach. The subject of the research is part of a forest property, which represents an assessment area, typical of the southern part of Poland, located in the Tenczynek Forest Division. There is a forest management plan for the analyzed property which, together with the assessment descriptions, was used as one of the sources of data for valuation. The second source of data for valuation were direct field surveys, i.e.: geodetic surveys for determining the assessment area and the stock survey approach with individual tree assessment with respect to data on the stand. Based on the research, it may be concluded that both valuation techniques and methods used to capture data on forest resources significantly affect the final value of forest properties. The market value of the stand, determined by the index-based valuation approach, demonstrates a significant difference when compared to the value of the stand determined by the stock survey approach. The forest management plan should only be used as a supplementary material and only to identify site types of forests by property valuers and, partially, together with economic maps, to determine the boundaries of assessment areas.
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Brand, David G., Donald G. Leckie, and Edward E. Cloney. "Forest regeneration surveys: Design, data collection, and analysis." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67649-6.
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Regeneration surveys have always been looked on as a necessary evil in silviculture. Huge amounts of data have been collected, only to answer simple questions or to be filed and never used. This paper addresses the possibility of changing regeneration surveys from simple legislative requirements, into components of the forestry information system. Current technology allows the development of sophisticated decision support systems, and this changes the whole perspective on information needed from regeneration surveys. Depending on the level of information needed, ground surveys or aerial surveys can be used. The types of information available from different survey systems are described, and two case studies are presented. In one, regenerating stands are assessed using an intensive ground-based survey and, in the second, the MEIS (Multi-spectral, Electro-Optical Imaging Scanner) is used to identify stocking in young plantations. It is concluded that surveys must be designed by working backwards from the decisions to be made, to the information needed to make those decisions, to the data needed to provide that information.
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Milne, Sol, Julien G. A. Martin, Glen Reynolds, Charles S. Vairappan, Eleanor M. Slade, Jedediah F. Brodie, Serge A. Wich, Nicola Williamson, and David F. R. P. Burslem. "Drivers of Bornean Orangutan Distribution across a Multiple-Use Tropical Landscape." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030458.
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Logging and conversion of tropical forests in Southeast Asia have resulted in the expansion of landscapes containing a mosaic of habitats that may vary in their ability to sustain local biodiversity. However, the complexity of these landscapes makes it difficult to assess abundance and distribution of some species using ground-based surveys alone. Here, we deployed a combination of ground-transects and aerial surveys to determine drivers of the critically endangered Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) distribution across a large multiple-use landscape in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Ground-transects and aerial surveys using drones were conducted for orangutan nests and hemi-epiphytic strangler fig trees (Ficus spp.) (an important food resource) in 48 survey areas across 76 km2, within a study landscape of 261 km2. Orangutan nest count data were fitted to models accounting for variation in land use, above-ground carbon density (ACD, a surrogate for forest quality), strangler fig density, and elevation (between 117 and 675 m). Orangutan nest counts were significantly higher in all land uses possessing natural forest cover, regardless of degradation status, than in monoculture plantations. Within these natural forests, nest counts increased with higher ACD and strangler fig density, but not with elevation. In logged forest (ACD 14–150 Mg ha−1), strangler fig density had a significant, positive relationship with orangutan nest counts, but this relationship disappeared in a forest with higher carbon content (ACD 150–209 Mg ha−1). Based on an area-to-area comparison, orangutan nest counts from ground transects were higher than from counts derived from aerial surveys, but this did not constitute a statistically significant difference. Although the difference in nest counts was not significantly different, this analysis indicates that both methods under-sample the total number of nests present within a given area. Aerial surveys are, therefore, a useful method for assessing the orangutan habitat use over large areas. However, the under-estimation of nest counts by both methods suggests that a small number of ground surveys should be retained in future surveys using this technique, particularly in areas with dense understory vegetation. This study shows that even highly degraded forests may be a suitable orangutan habitat as long as strangler fig trees remain intact after areas of forest are logged. Enrichment planting of strangler figs may, therefore, be a valuable tool for orangutan conservation in these landscapes.
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Barnes, R. F. W., M. Agnagna, M. P. T. Alers, A. Blom, G. Doungoube, M. Fay, T. Masunda, J. C. Ndo Nkoumou, C. Sikubwabo Kiyengo, and M. Tchamba. "Elephants and ivory poaching in the forests of equatorial Africa." Oryx 27, no. 1 (January 1993): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300023929.
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Reconnaissance surveys were made of the forests of four central African countries to establish, for the first time, the status of forest-dwelling elephants. The results, when combined with information from previous surveys in other countries, provide a picture of the elephant situation in the forest zone, and especially the impact of poaching. About one-third of the forest elephant population of central Africa is to be found in Zaire, and about one-third in Gabon. The rest are in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, and Congo. It is poaching for ivory, rather than the growth of human populations, which threatens the elephants of the equatorial forests.
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Goldingay, R., and G. Daly. "Surveys of Arboreal and Terrestrial Mammals in The Montane Forests of Queanbeyan, New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 1 (1998): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97009.
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Surveys of arboreal and terrestrial mammals were conducted across four State Forests in south-east New South Wales encompassing 80 000 ha. Methods used included spotlighting, Elliott trapping, pitfall trapping, hair-tubing and predator scat analysis. The survey included a plot-based approach and the targeting of areas containing the potential habitat of endangered species. Seven species of arboreal marsupial were detected during spotlighting. The greater glider (Petauroides volans) was significantly more abundant in moist forest compared to dry forest. Its density in moist forest was twice as high in unlogged compared to logged forest and is equivalent to the highest recorded in any forest in NSW. Other arboreal species were less abundant. The yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis), which is Threatened in NSW, was detected at only two sites despite the occurrence of suitable habitat throughout the study area. Eight species of native terrestrial mammals were detected. The tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), which is Threatened in NSW, appears to be more common in the southern part of the study area adjoining large areas of National Park, than in other State Forests of south-east NSW. Continued analysis of predator scats is required to determine whether several other species of Threatened terrestrial mammal occur in these forests.
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Fernandes, Moabe Ferreira, and Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz. "Floristic surveys of Restinga Forests in southern Bahia, Brazil, reveal the effects of geography on community composition." Rodriguésia 66, no. 1 (March 2015): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566104.
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The Restinga forests of southern Bahia state, Brazil, grow on sandy coastal Quaternary sediments. As their floras are relatively poorly known, the present study assessed their floristic compositions. We surveyed four sites at Maraú and Itacaré and identified 302 angiosperm species belonging to 184 genera of 75 families. The most species rich families were: Fabaceae (35 species), Myrtaceae (25), Rubiaceae (21), Sapotaceae (13), Bromeliaceae (12), Annonaceae (11), Erythroxylaceae (10), Melastomataceae (9), and Apocynaceae (8). Local floras include elements with distributions restricted to the Atlantic Forest domain, those disjunct between the Amazon and Atlantic Forest domains, and those also occurring in moist forests and dry vegetation of central Brazil. The hypothesis that the floristic compositions of restinga forests are influenced by neighboring wet forests was tested using cluster and principal component analyses of eleven restinga forests and nine Atlantic wet forest sites. The results supported five main groups, with most of them including both restinga forests and their adjacent wet forest sites, thus corroborating the hypothesis that wet forests in geographical proximity greatly influence the floristic compositions of restinga forests.
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Leckie, Donald G. "Advances in remote sensing technologies for forest surveys and management." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 464–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-063.
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Canadian forest management has had a long history of developing and implementing remote sensing technology and is a major user of remote sensing. Despite difficulties in developing and implementing new digital remote sensing techniques, several key developments in Canadian forest management and in remote sensing and computer technology make the development and implementation of new remote sensing techniques at this time feasible and appropriate. Integration of different remote sensing technologies, remote sensing data with other information sources through geographic information systems, and remote sensing interpretations with forest management systems and practices are critical. Current capabilities and new advances in remote sensing technology for forest survey (excluding forest damage assessment) are discussed. Satellite imagery is a cost-effective tool for broad forest type mapping. New satellite systems improve this capability, but their major impact will be in inventories for new clear-cut and burned areas. Advances in linear array imager technology and lidar systems may lead to development of an end to end inventory mapping system. This system would provide an alternative to aerial photography and current mapping methods and could revolutionize the way forests are inventoried. Imaging spectrometry is a new technology with applications in damage assessment, but as yet has limited potential for assisting in other forest surveys. Spaceborne imaging radar systems are being developed for the 1990s. These systems can produce imagery under cloudy conditions. Their major impact on forestry will be to provide an alternative to visible-infrared satellite data for inventory update.
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Wysocka-Fijorek, Emilia, Gołos Piotr, Gil Wojciech, Sułkowska Małgorzata, and Mohytych Vasyl. "Forest functions and abiotic threats in private forests: conclusions from an empirical analysis of stakeholder opinions." Ekonomia i Środowisko - Economics and Environment 82, no. 3 (October 26, 2022): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/eis.2022.82.3.470.
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The study aimed to recognise the preferences of various stakeholder groups representing three regions of Poland towards the most important forest ecosystem services and to determine the threats to performing these functions resulting from the occurrence of extreme weather phenomena. The study was based on surveys conducted in 2019 among various stakeholders in three regions of Poland. The respondents assigned a point weight value to each of the seven indicated forest functions and reported the occurrence of extreme weather events causing damage to forests owned or supervised by them. The survey results indicate that for all stakeholders, the most important function of the forest is timber production. However, respondents from the southern region paid more attention to water protection through forests than respondents from other regions.
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Duran, Daniel P., Matthew Timar, and Blaine Rothauser. "Single Night Surveys of Moth Communities Can Serve as Ultra-Rapid Biodiversity Assessments." Insects 13, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121135.
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Biodiversity conservation decisions are typically based on limited data and resources. For this reason, there is great interest in surveying taxa that may allow for a rapid assessment of the biodiversity at a site. Numerous taxa have been proposed and utilized for rapid assessments that allow for such a survey in a matter of weeks or less. Herein, we test the idea that nocturnal moths have many of the characteristics that make them ideal for such surveys, such as relative ease of identification, strong ecological association with specific plant species and habitats, high alpha diversity, extended seasonal activity, and ease of trapping. We demonstrate that even in a few hours of sampling during single night surveys, moth communities are predictive of regional forest types at sampling sites in New Jersey. We sampled moths in five different forest habitats in New Jersey, USA: Pine Barrens, Upland Deciduous Forest, Palustrine Deciduous Forest, Maritime Forest, and Ruderal/Disturbed Forests, at four sites per forest type. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses revealed that moth communities differ significantly across these four forest types (p < 0.01). We used Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) R tests to quantify the degree of differentiation among moth communities, and found that Tortricidae (R = 0.657) and Geometridae (R = 0.637) predict forest communities nearly as well as the total moth diversity (R = 0.668). Uncommon species (R = 0.665) were better predictors than common species (R = 0.500). Host plant generalists (R = 0.654) were better predictors than specialists (0.538), which was a surprising find.
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Lee, Junhee, Youngjae Yoo, Raeik Jang, and Seongwoo Jeon. "Mapping the Species Richness of Woody Plants in Republic of Korea." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 5718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075718.
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As climate change continues to impact the planet, the importance of forests is becoming increasingly emphasized. The International Co-operative Program on the Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) has been monitoring and assessing forests in 40 countries since 1985. In Republic of Korea, the first Forest Health Management (FHM) survey was a nationwide sample point assessment conducted between 2011 and 2015. However, there are limitations in representing the health of forests that occupy 63.7% of Korea’s land area due to the nature of sample point surveys, which survey a relatively small area. Accordingly, a species richness map was created to promote species diversity in forest health evaluations in Republic of Korea. The map was created using data from the first FHM survey, which examined 28 factors with 12 survey indicators in four categories: tree health, vegetation health, soil health, and atmospheric health. We conducted an ensemble modeling of species distribution for woody plant species that are major habitats in Republic of Korea. To select the species, we used the first FHM survey data and chose those with more than 100 sample points, resulting in a total of 11 species. We then created the species richness map of Republic of Korea by overlaying their distributions. To verify the accuracy of the derived map, an independent verification was conducted using statistical verification and external data from the National Natural Environment Survey. To support forest management that accounts for climate change adaptation, the derived species richness map was validated based on the vegetation climate distribution map of the Korean Peninsula, which was published by the Korea National Arboretum. The map confirmed that species richness is highest around the boundary of the deciduous forest in the central temperate zone and lowest around the evergreen and deciduous mixed forest in the southern temperate zone. By establishing this map, it was possible to confirm the spatial distribution of species by addressing the limitations of direct surveys, which are unable to represent all forests. However, it is important to note that not all factors of the first FHM survey were considered during the spatialization process, and the target area only includes Republic of Korea. Thus, further research is necessary to expand the target area and include additional items.
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Bowman, DMJS, and L. Mcdonough. "Feral Pig (Sus Scrofa) Rooting in a Monsoon Forest-Wetland Transition, Northern Australia." Wildlife Research 18, no. 6 (1991): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910761.
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A grid of 447 cells (each 50x50 m) was set up in a wet monsoon rain forest on a gradual slope above the Adelaide River floodplain in the Australian Northern Territory. Surveys of pig (Sus scrofa) rooting were carried out at approximately 3-month intervals from November 1988 to September 1989. The pigs had only limited effects on the forest in both the wet and dry seasons. The seasonally flooded swamp communities (Melaleuca forest and sedgeland) were primarily exploited in the dry season; dryland communities ([Eucalyptus] and Lophostemon forests) were exploited during the wet season. Rainfall during the previous wet season may have influenced the pattern of rooting in the dryland forests. Rooting and ground cover were weakly positively related in 3 out of the 4 surveys.
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Raloff, J. "Surveys Slash Away at Forest Estimates." Science News 136, no. 8 (August 19, 1989): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3973787.
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Pršin, Tjaša, Darja Kušar, Tanja Obermajer, and Al Vrezec. "Breeding density of the Tawny Owl Strix aluco in urban forests of Ljubljana City (Central Slovenia)." Acrocephalus 38, no. 172-173 (November 27, 2017): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acro-2017-0003.
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SummaryResults of the survey carried out in the territories of Tawny Owl Strix aluco in Ljubljana urban forests (Tivoli, Rožnik and Šišenski hrib Nature Park and Golovec Hill) were compared with the species territory density in non-urban forest of Mt. Krim. Surveys were performed with the point count method using playback in the springs of 2002 and 2016. The density established at Golovec Hill was 9.3 territories / 10 km2, while in Tivoli, Rožnik and Šišenski hrib Nature Park it reached 10.4 territories / 10 km2, which was higher than at Mt. Krim (4.1-5.8 territories / 10 km2), although densities between sites were not statistically different. Based on our surveys, the estimated population size of the urban Tawny Owl in Ljubljana would consist of 57 to 65 pairs. Our results suggest that the Tawny Owl can adapt well to the living conditions in the city urban forests and indicate the importance of the forest patches in urban areas.
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Wild-Eck, Stephan, and Willi Zimmermann. "Cost- und Monitoring-Projekt: Zwei neue forstliche Meinungsumfragen im Vergleich | The Cost- and Monitoring-Projects: A Comparison of Two New Forestry Opinion Polls." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 151, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2000.0001.
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Two large-scale surveys looking at attitudes towards forests, forestry and forest policy in the second half ofthe nineties have been carried out. This work was done on behalf of the Swiss Confederation by the Chair of Forest Policy and Forest Economics of the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. Not only did the two studies use very different methods, but the results also varied greatly as far as infrastructure and basic conditions were concerned. One of the main differences between the two studies was the fact that the first dealt only with mountainous areas, whereas the second was carried out on the whole Swiss population. The results of the studies reflect these differences:each produced its own specific findings. Where the same (or similar) questions were asked, the answers highlight not only how the attitudes of those questioned differ, but also views that they hold in common. Both surveys showed positive attitudes towards forests in general, as well as a deep-seated appreciation ofthe forest as a recreational area, and a positive approach to tending. Detailed results of the two surveys will be available in the near future.
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Scott, Charles T., Michael Köhl, and Hans Jörg Schnellbächer. "A Comparison of Periodic and Annual Forest Surveys." Forest Science 45, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/45.3.433.
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Abstract Forest surveys of large areas often are conducted on a periodic basis, every 10 yr, for example. However, periodic assessments can be problematic due to fluctuating budgets and survey results that do not reflect forest dynamics between measurements. As a result, many countries are interested in designing surveys with annual measurements, such as the U.S. Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) Program design. The existing periodic design for Switzerland was compared with four annual designs in which an equal number of plots are observed annually. Data for the comparisons were collected annually on 682 plots over 7 successive yr across Switzerland. Three estimation methods were applied to each design: Continuous Forest Inventory, Sampling with Partial Replacement, and Mixed Estimator. These used simple means, regression updating, and inverse weighting of new and old plots, and regression combined with growth-model projections, respectively. For 12 combinations of 3 attributes, the Regional Survey design was the most cost-effective, followed by the National or Regional Update Survey designs. The Periodic Survey and the National Survey (similar to the FHM design) were the least cost-effective. Sampling with Partial Replacement was the most efficient estimator, though the Mixed Estimator would have been the most efficient had less biased growth projection models been used. For. Sci. 45(3):433-451.
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Lutter, Seth H., Ashley A. Dayer, Amanda D. Rodewald, Darin J. McNeil, and Jeffery L. Larkin. "Early Successional Forest Management on Private Lands as a Coupled Human and Natural System." Forests 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060499.
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Facilitating voluntary conservation on private lands is a crucial element of policies that seek to mitigate forest habitat loss and fragmentation around the world. Previous research emphasizes the role of social factors (e.g., landowner characteristics, economics) in forest management, but environmental outcomes of past management can also affect landowner decisions. Our objective was to evaluate how positive outcomes for wildlife and habitat might reinforce or amplify landowner efforts to manage forest habitats. We applied the lens of coupled human and natural systems to investigate private lands management for early successional forests, which are declining along with associated wildlife in rural areas of the eastern U.S. Efforts to restore early successional forest in this region involve active forest management to create patches of successional forest in native, mature mixed hardwood stands. By integrating field-based monitoring of wildlife with surveys of landowner perceptions, we examined how landowners observed, interpreted, and responded to property-scale ecological outcomes of forest management. We recorded presence of Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) and American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) and estimated bird species richness in spring 2015 and/or 2016 on private properties located in the Appalachians (Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) and Upper Great Lakes (Minnesota, Wisconsin). These properties were enrolled in early successional forest management programs administered through the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bird surveys were paired with landowner responses to a telephone survey conducted from January to May 2017 (n = 102). Most (71.6–81.6%) landowners’ perceptions of avian presence on their properties matched monitoring results. These perceptions were informed by personal observations and by outreach from agency partners and field technicians. Landowners who already completed their conservation program contracts (n = 85) continued managing early successional forests. Continued management for early successional habitat was positively associated with perceived benefits to birds, forest health, and scenery. Our findings give insight into how private landowners respond to environmental effects of forest management. We conclude that positive environmental outcomes of these conservation programs are related to continued early successional forest conservation by private landowners.
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Blancher, Peter J., R. Dean Phoenix, Debra S. Badzinski, Michael D. Cadman, Tara L. Crewe, Constance M. Downes, Don Fillman, et al. "Population trend status of Ontario’s forest birds." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85184-2.
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Recent population trends of Ontario’s forest birds were assessed by integrating results across 8 bird surveys to provide an estimate of trend status for all of Ontario, and for 2 forested regions of Ontario separately. Surveys with mid- and longterm trends were relied on most extensively in this assessment. Comparison of the first and second Breeding Bird Atlases was especially important for estimating trends in northern forests, but overall reliability of status assessments in the north was considered poor due to limited coverage and significant potential for bias. Trends of most forest birds were stable or positive at the Ontario-wide scale, with trends at least as positive as forest birds elsewhere in North America, and showing more positive trends overall than birds of agricultural landscapes. Nevertheless, individual species trends ranged from large declines to large increases, and several forest birds have been added to Species at Risk lists largely because of population declines. There were few differences in trend status among forest birds grouped by habitat association or migratory guild, although all 5 aerial insectivore species have declined. Better monitoring coverage of the boreal will be needed if improved reliability of trends is desired in the near future. Key words: Ontario, forest birds, boreal forest, population trend, bird surveys, monitoring reliability
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Chang, Ting-Wei, Guan-Fu Chen, and Ken-Hui Chang. "Modeling of the Spatial Distribution of Forest Carbon Storage in a Tropical/Subtropical Island with Multiple Ecozones." Plants 12, no. 15 (July 26, 2023): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12152777.
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Visual data on the geographic distribution of carbon storage help policy makers to formulate countermeasures for global warming. However, Taiwan, as an island showing diversity in climate and topography, had lacked valid visual data on the distribution of forest carbon storage between the last two forest surveys (1993–2015). This study established a model to estimate and illustrate the distribution of forest carbon storage. This model uses land use, stand morphology, and carbon conversion coefficient databases accordingly for 51 types of major forests in Taiwan. An estimation in 2006 was conducted and shows an overall carbon storage of 165.65 Mt C, with forest carbon storage per unit area of 71.56 t C ha−1, where natural forests and plantations respectively contributed 114.15 Mt C (68.9%) and 51.50 Mt C (31.1%). By assuming no change in land use type, the carbon sequestration from 2006 to 2007 by the 51 forest types was estimated to be 5.21 Mt C yr−1 using historical tree growth and mortality rates. The result reflects the reality of the land use status and the events of coverage shifting with time by combining the two forest surveys in Taiwan.
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Dukenov Zh.S, Abayeva K.T, Borissova Yu.S, Akhmetov R.S, and Dosmanbetov D.A. "RESULTS OF FOREST PATHOLOGICAL SURVEY OF TUGAI FORESTS IN THE FLOODPLAIN OF THE SYRDARYA AND ILE RIVERS." HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 2(109) (June 30, 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51452/kazatu.2021.2(109).798.
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This article presents the results of a reconnaissance and detailed forest pathological survey of tugai forests of the floodplain of the Syrdarya and Ile rivers. The studies were carried out at KSU “Otyrar forestry” along the floodplain of the Syrdarya River and KSU “Bakanas forestry” along the floodplain of the Ile River. The reconnaissance surveillance was carried out by an overground visual method from May to September 2021. Also, detailed surveys of the infestation and degree of damage to trees and shrubs by insect pests were carried out. According to the survey results, the sanitary condition of tugai forests is satisfactory. At the same time, the average degree of damage by leaf-gnawing and gall-forming pests of Populus diversifolia and Eleagnus angustifolia is more than 50%, which confirms the need for forest pathological monitoring.
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Denisova, A. Y., L. M. Kavelenova, E. S. Korchikov, A. V. Pomogaybin, N. V. Prokhorova, D. A. Terentyeva, V. A. Fedoseev, and N. V. Yankov. "Recognition of forest and shrub communities on the base of remotely sensed data supported by ground studies." Information Technology and Nanotechnology, no. 2391 (2019): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/1613-0073-2019-2391-233-242.
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The forest and shrub communities are important components of the environment and provide a wide spectrum of ecological services. In the Samara region the forest and shrub cover is dispersed on the territory what makes its monitoring difficult. The forest areas are limited by natural and anthropogenic reasons since Samara region is a forest-steppe territory with a high level of human activity. The shrub communities are mostly the secondary ecosystems incorporated in natural grassy communities, agricultural fields or enclosing to forests. These specific ecosystems can be recognized on remote sensing data including satellite images supported by preliminary ground surveys. In this article, we present the study of the forest and shrub communities recognition using remote sensing images and ground surveys in the Samara region. We describe a process of the test site selection for remote sensing data verification and discuss the results of applying the author’s classification technology for multispectral remote sensing composites to classify forest communities in the Samara region
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Cho, Eun-Suk, Geon-Seok Yang, Yong-Suk Kim, and Dong-Gil Cho. "Community Structure and Growth Rate of Korean Quercus mongolica Forests by Vegetation Climate Zone." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 11, 2023): 6465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086465.
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Q. mongolica forests are representative forest types in Korea, belonging to the intermediate succession stage with the highest species diversity. Identifying the community structure and growth rate of Q. mongolica forests by the vegetation climate zone can help in planning efficient forest restoration strategies for each vegetation climate zone. The proportions of major communities based on the vegetation climate zones newly adjusted by the Korea National Arboretum in 2020 were determined. Major dominant species were identified in Quercus mongolica forests in which Q. mongolica dominates by more than 50% by analyzing the importance based on the basal area of the trees using data from the 7th National Forest Inventory Survey. The basal area growth rate was analyzed for permanent sample plots from the 5th to 7th National Forest Inventory Surveys. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the basal area growth rate by vegetation climate zone over a 10-year period. However, it should be noted that Q. mongolica forests with younger age classes were more abundant in the warm southern temperate zone; thus, it is likely that age class has a greater effect on the rate of basal area increase than the vegetation climate zone.
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Zhu, Yongyan, Seongwoo Jeon, Hyunchan Sung, Yoonji Kim, Chiyoung Park, Sungeun Cha, Hyun-woo Jo, and Woo-kyun Lee. "Developing UAV-Based Forest Spatial Information and Evaluation Technology for Efficient Forest Management." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 10150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310150.
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Forest spatial information is regularly established and managed as basic data for national forest planning and forest policy establishment. Among them, the grade of vegetation conservation shall be investigated and evaluated according to the value of vegetation conservation. As the collection of field data over large or remote areas is difficult, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used for this purpose. Consequently, there is a need for research on UAV-monitoring and three-dimensional (3D) image generation techniques. In this study, a new method that can efficiently collect and analyze UAV spatial data to survey and assess forests was developed. Both UAV-based and LiDAR imaging methods were evaluated in conjunction with the ground control point measurement method for forest surveys. In addition, by fusing the field survey database of each target site and the UAV optical and LiDAR images, the Gongju, Samcheok, and Seogwipo regions were analyzed based on deep learning. The kappa value showed 0.59, 0.47, and 0.78 accuracy for each of the sites in terms of vegetation type (artificial or natural), and 0.68, 0.53, and 0.62 accuracy in terms of vegetation layer structure. The results of comparative analysis with ecological natural maps by establishing vegetation conservation levels show that about 83.9% of the areas are consistent. The findings verified the applicability of this UAV-based approach for the construction of geospatial information on forests. The proposed method can be useful for improving the efficiency of the Vegetation Conservation Classification system and for conducting high-resolution monitoring in forests worldwide.
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Burgess, Neil, Nike Doggart, and Jon C. Lovett. "The Uluguru Mountains of eastern Tanzania: the effect of forest loss on biodiversity." Oryx 36, no. 2 (April 2002): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000212.
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The Uluguru Mountains in eastern Tanzania contain at least 16 endemic vertebrate and 135 endemic plant taxa, with hundreds of more taxa shared only with forests in eastern Tanzania and Kenya. This degree of endemism is exceptional in tropical Africa, and the Uluguru Mountains are one of the 10 most important tropical forest sites for conservation on the continent. Surveys carried out during 1999–2001 updated information on the status of forests and biodiversity across the Uluguru Mountains. Forest area has declined from c. 300 km2 in 1955 to 230 km2 in 2001. Forest loss has been greatest over altitudes of 600–1,600 m, and concentrated in submontane forest. During the recent surveys most of the endemic and near-endemic vertebrate species known from the Uluguru Mountains were re-recorded, but three endemic snake species and two near-endemic bird species were not found. These species were previously known from the elevations where deforestation has been greatest. More than 50 plant species are also known only from the altitude range that has been heavily deforested. The primary cause of forest loss has been clearance for new farmland. The forest that does remain is largely confined to Catchment Forest Reserves managed for water by the Tanzanian Government. Without these reserves the loss of forest, and hence the loss of biodiversity, in the Uluguru Mountains would most likely have been much greater.
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Kweon, Hyeongkeun, Jung Il Seo, and Joon-Woo Lee. "Assessing the Applicability of Mobile Laser Scanning for Mapping Forest Roads in the Republic of Korea." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091502.
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Forest roads are an essential facility for sustainable forest management and protection. With advances in survey technology, such as Light Detection and Ranging, forest road maps with greater accuracy and resolution can be produced. This study produced a 3D map for establishment of a forest road inventory using a Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) device mounted on a vehicle in four study forest roads in Korea, in order to review its precision, accuracy and efficiency based on comparisons with mapping using Total Station (TS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). We counted the points that consist of the cloud data of the maps to determine the degree of precision density, and then compared this with 50 points at 20-m intervals on the centerlines bisecting the widths of the study forest roads. Then, we evaluated the relative positional accuracy of the MLS data based on three criteria: the total length of each forest road; the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) obtained from coordinate values of the MLS and TS surveys compared to the GNSS survey; and the ratios of the centerlines extracted by the MLS and TS surveys overlaid to the buffer zone by the GNSS survey. Finally, we estimated the time and cost per unit length for producing the map to examine the efficiency of MLS mapping compared to the other two surveys. The results showed that the point cloud data acquired by the MLS survey on the study forest roads had very high precision and so is sufficient to produce a 3D forest road map with high-precision density and a low RMSE value. Although the equipment rental cost is somewhat high, the fact that information targeting on all spatial elements of forest roads can be obtained with a low cost of labor is a benefit when evaluating the efficiency of MLS survey and mapping. Our findings are expected to provide a quantitative assessment of both maintaining sustainable effectiveness and preventing potential environmental damage of forest roads.
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Xu, Dan. "Research on the Development Strategy of Forest Health Tourism in Zhejiang Province based on Tourists' Needs." International Journal of Education and Humanities 6, no. 1 (November 28, 2022): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v6i1.3099.
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With the improvement of people's living standards and the upgrade of consumers’ need, people pursue healthy travel, consumption, and a livable living environment. Therefore, health tourism has increasingly become a new way of tourism, which is more and more favored and recognized by society. Moreover, the increase in the number of sub-healthy people and the age of population have also prompted people's needs for health tourism. China is vast, and natural recreation environment such as coastal, forests, grasslands, and lakeside provides a solid foundation for the development of different characteristics of health tourism in various places. With rich forest tourism resources, Zhejiang Province has become one of the provinces that nationwide to carry out pilot piloting of forest health tourism. This article analyzes the development status of the Zhejiang forest health tourism and the survey of tourists on the needs of forest health tourism, Which is based on literature research, field survey, and questionnaire surveys. This article finally puts forward reference suggestions on the development of forest health tourism in Zhejiang Province.
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MARINI, MIGUEL Â. "Effects of forest fragmentation on birds of the cerrado region, Brazil." Bird Conservation International 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270901001034.
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Bird surveys were conducted through observations and mist-netting in six forest fragments in the cerrado region of central Brazil, to evaluate the effects of fragmentation on bird species richness and community composition. Smaller forest fragments had fewer species than larger fragments. The proportion of species in most foraging guilds did not change with forest size, except for that of granivores, which decreased as fragment size increased. The proportion of forest-dependent species increased significantly with increasing fragment size while that of semi-dependent species significantly decreased. Forest-dependent endemic birds, however, were not area sensitive, but appeared to be partially dependent on the flooded forests of the region. Conservation policies for the region should conserve both large and small forest fragments urgently, and flooded forests especially.
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McBride, Joe. "A Method for Characterizing Urban Forest Composition and Structure for Landscape Architects and Urban Planners." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.049.
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A method combining numeric data collection with the preparation of street tree cross-sections and plans, based on surveys of 33 urban forests around the world, is reviewed. The combination can provide design professionals with graphic information on urban forest structure not collected by more traditional methods for urban forest inventories.
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Hanberry, Brice B. "Forest Disturbance Types and Current Analogs for Historical Disturbance-Independent Forests." Land 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020136.
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Forest classifications by disturbance permit designation of multiple types of both old growth forests and shorter-lived forests, which auto-replace under severe disturbance, and also identification of loss of the disturbance type and associated forest. Historically, fire and flooding disturbance regimes, or conversely, infrequent disturbance, produced unique forests such as disturbance-independent forests of American beech (Fagus grandifolia), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in the Eastern United States. However, disturbance has changed to primarily frequent mechanical overstory disturbance, resulting in novel forests. To demonstrate the transition to no-analog forests after disturbance change, I compared historical tree surveys (ca. 1837 to 1857) to current surveys in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. To establish widespread disturbance change effects, I also located where beech and hemlock are currently most abundant throughout the Eastern US compared to historical distribution of beech–hemlock forests. In the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, beech and hemlock historically were about 30% of all trees, but currently, beech and hemlock are 2% of all trees. Red maple (Acer rubrum) increased from 1% to 11% of all trees and aspen (Populus) increased from 2% to 13% of all trees. The squared-chord difference between historical and current surveys was 0.40, or dissimilar forests. Areas with ≥20% beech and hemlock or ≥15% of either species decreased from about 52 million to 6 million hectares, with current distribution restricted to the Northeastern US. Current forests are dissimilar to historical forests, and this transition appears to be driven by disturbance regimes without historical analogs. Disturbance change may provide perspective in forest management for climate change.
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Forboseh, P. F., T. C. H. Sunderland, and M. Eno-Nku. "Priority setting for conservation in south-west Cameroon based on large mammal surveys." Oryx 41, no. 2 (April 2007): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001743.
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AbstractThe forests of the Cameroon-Nigeria transboundary region have been highlighted as a high conservation priority, yet many of the extant forest remnants remain relatively unknown, particularly with regard to the occurrence of large mammals. Between 2002 and 2004 we surveyed the large mammal fauna of the Mone and Ejagham Forest Reserves and the Upper Banyang, Nkwende Hills and Etinde forests of south-west Cameroon. Our objective was to document the extant large mammal species as an important step in the review of government priorities to identify key sites within the region for conservation and management. We reviewed the available literature on mammal distribution and then surveyed the forests for mammal and human signs. Despite a growing illegal commercial trade in wildlife, particularly for bushmeat, many sites retain populations of one or more threatened and locally rare large mammal species of significant conservation importance. Moreover, the sites collectively complement each other in terms of their representation of the threatened large mammal fauna. An emphasis on the enforcement of wildlife legislation and minimizing logging impact are of primary importance for the conservation of large mammals in these and other forest remnants in south-west Cameroon. In addition, at some sites, there already exists community interest in active wildlife management.
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Williams, Michael S. "Distinguishing between change and growth in forest surveys." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1099–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-086.
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Much of the research in forest inventory has focussed on the generation of estimates of forest attributes at particular times and estimating how these attributes change over time. In descriptions of this work in recent decades, the terms forest growth and forest change have been used interchangeably. In this paper, the distinction between growth and change is defined and an example is given illustrating the differences between the two. Unbiased estimators of both processes are presented, and a simulation study with an artificial population is used to illustrate their properties. The results of the simulation study indicate that estimates of forest growth tend to be slightly more efficient than estimates of forest change.
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Vokoun, Melinda, David Wear, and Robert Abt. "Testing for Change in Structural Elements of Forest Inventories." Forest Science 55, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/55.5.455.
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Abstract In this article we develop a methodology to test for changes in the underlying relationships between measures of forest productivity (structural elements) and site characteristics, herein referred to as structural changes, using standard forest inventories. Changes in measures of forest growing stock volume and number of trees for both hardwood and softwood on forestland in North Carolina are evaluated using plot-level data aggregated at both the state and survey unit level from the last three available completed Forest Inventory and Analysis surveys using exploratory data analysis and nonparametric statistics. When the survey data are aggregated at the state level, we accept the null hypothesis of no discernible between-survey differences in the means of the forest productivity measures for at least 90% of the plots in each of the four models. We also accept the null hypothesis of no discernible between-survey differences in the variance or higher moments of these forest productivity measures for at least 82% of comparisons. At a finer scale, our results show that structural stability is questionable in the Coastal Plain units of North Carolina. Overall, results provide evidence of some structural change in the forests of North Carolina but do not address the causes of such changes. The systematic comparison of forest inventories conducted in this article constitutes a new approach to testing for structural changes in forest relationships, one that can be implemented as a monitoring protocol within standard repeated forest inventories.
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Holzwarth, Stefanie, Frank Thonfeld, Sahra Abdullahi, Sarah Asam, Emmanuel Da Ponte Canova, Ursula Gessner, Juliane Huth, Tanja Kraus, Benjamin Leutner, and Claudia Kuenzer. "Earth Observation Based Monitoring of Forests in Germany: A Review." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 3570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213570.
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Forests in Germany cover around 11.4 million hectares and, thus, a share of 32% of Germany’s surface area. Therefore, forests shape the character of the country’s cultural landscape. Germany’s forests fulfil a variety of functions for nature and society, and also play an important role in the context of climate levelling. Climate change, manifested via rising temperatures and current weather extremes, has a negative impact on the health and development of forests. Within the last five years, severe storms, extreme drought, and heat waves, and the subsequent mass reproduction of bark beetles have all seriously affected Germany’s forests. Facing the current dramatic extent of forest damage and the emerging long-term consequences, the effort to preserve forests in Germany, along with their diversity and productivity, is an indispensable task for the government. Several German ministries have and plan to initiate measures supporting forest health. Quantitative data is one means for sound decision-making to ensure the monitoring of the forest and to improve the monitoring of forest damage. In addition to existing forest monitoring systems, such as the federal forest inventory, the national crown condition survey, and the national forest soil inventory, systematic surveys of forest condition and vulnerability at the national scale can be expanded with the help of a satellite-based earth observation. In this review, we analysed and categorized all research studies published in the last 20 years that focus on the remote sensing of forests in Germany. For this study, 166 citation indexed research publications have been thoroughly analysed with respect to publication frequency, location of studies undertaken, spatial and temporal scale, coverage of the studies, satellite sensors employed, thematic foci of the studies, and overall outcomes, allowing us to identify major research and geoinformation product gaps.
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Abayon, Myra A., Richard B. Parilla, Bernard Lassalle, and Rainer Schnell. "Occurrence of Distinct Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Eastern Visayas, Philippines." Journal of Entomological Science 55, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-55.4.507.
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Abstract Surveys were conducted in six protected forests of Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) of the Philippines, namely Lake Danao, Mt. Nacolod, Kuapnit Balinsasayao, Asug Forest, City Forest, and Closed Canopy, from January to June of 2019. A total of 7,844 individuals belonging to 41 species, 25 genera, 13 tribes, and 2 subfamilies were recorded in the six selected forests of Leyte and Samar, Eastern Visayas, Philippines. Twenty-six species were recorded from Lake Danao, 32 species in Mt. Nacolod, 20 species in Kuapnit Balinsasayao Forest, 11 species in Asug Forest, 19 species in City Forest, and 26 species in Closed Canopy Forest. A total of 19 endemic species were recorded, of which 12 are endemic to the Philippines, 6 are endemic to Leyte, and 1 is endemic to Samar. The survey found new species and new records of carabid beetles in the region. The new records include Brachinus leytensis (Lassalle & Schnell), Trigonotoma goeltenbothi (Lassalle, Roux & Schnell), Pheropsophus uliweberi (Lassalle & Schnell) in Leyte, and Lesticus samarensis (Dubault, Lassalle & Roux) in Samar. The new species are Pheropsophus uliweberi (Lassalle & Schnell) and Pheropsophus sp. (Lassalle & Schnell), both found in Leyte. These findings demonstrate that the forests in Eastern Visayas can be considered as centers of carabid diversity. Appropriate protection and conservation strategies should be implemented.
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Gregoire, Timothy G. "Estimation of forest growth from successive surveys." Forest Ecology and Management 56, no. 1-4 (January 1993): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(93)90117-6.
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Georges, NOBIME. "HABITAT AND THREATS TO THE ARBOREAL PANGOLIN POPULATION (PHATAGINUS TRICUSPIS) IN THE MONT KOUFFÉ PROTECTED FOREST (BENIN)." International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 08, no. 06 (2022): 836–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51193/ijaer.2022.8609.
Full textAbstract:
In Benin, due to habitat disturbance due to strong anthropogenic pressure, some pholidote species have become vulnerable or even threatened, as is the case with tree pangolins. Thus, the problem of wildlife conservation, especially that of pholidotes, becomes worrying. The overall objective of the study is to determine the preferred habitats and threats to the tree pangolin population in the Monts Kouffé protected forest. The method used to collect biogeographical data is based on surveys followed by forest surveys and interviews with the local population. Thus, clues of the presence of Phataginus tricuspis (smell of the animal, tree cavities, claws of the animal against trees in savannah, open forest, dense dry forest and gallery forest in the hunting areas of Manigri Ikanni, Manigri Oké, and Agbassa) were sought and this through excavations in the savannahs. The Menly Alpha Habitat Preference Index was calculated to determine the habitat preference of the tree pangolin and the frequency of threat observations on this animal population. The species frequents open forests, gallery forests, dense-dry forests, wooded savannahs, shrub savannahs. But nevertheless, it has a strong preference for dense dry forests with the Menly alpha index equal to 0.8. The decline of the species’ populations is facilitated by several factors that constitute direct or indirect threats affecting the distribution of the species. These threats are: deforestation (49.05%), illegal hunting (22.64%), human occupations (13.20%), transhumance (7.54%) and wildland fires (7.54%).
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Gao, Shijuan, Jianjun Zhu, and Haiqiang Fu. "A Rapid and Easy Way for National Forest Heights Retrieval in China Using ICESat-2/ATL08 in 2019." Forests 14, no. 6 (June 20, 2023): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061270.
Full textAbstract:
Continuous and extensive monitoring of forest height is essential for estimating forest above-ground biomass and predicting the ability of forests to absorb CO2. In particular, forest height at the national scale is an important indicator reflecting the national forestry economic construction, environmental governance, and ecological balance. However, the lack of inventory data restricts large-scale monitoring of forest height to some extent. Conducting manual surveys of forest height for large-scale areas would be labor-intensive and time-consuming. The successful launch of the new generation of spaceborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) (The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2/the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System, ICESat-2/ATLAS) has brought new opportunities for national-scale forestry resource surveys. This paper explores a method to survey national forest canopy height from the new generation of ICESat-2/ATLAS data. In view of the sparse sampling and little overlap between repeated spaceborne LiDAR data, a strategy for assessing the overall change of canopy height for large scales is provided. Some spatially continuous ancillary data were used to assist ICESat-2/ATLAS data to generate a wall-to-wall (spatially continuous) forest canopy height map in China by using the machine learning approach and then quantifying the analysis of forest canopy height in various provinces. The results show that there is a good correlation between the model forest height and the verification data, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 3.30 m and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.87. This indicates that the method for retrieving national forest canopy height is reliable. There are some limitations in areas with lower vegetation coverage or complex topography which need additional filtering or terrain correction to achieve higher accuracy in measuring forest canopy height. Our analysis suggests that ICESat-2/ATLAS data can achieve the retrieval of national forest height at an overall level, and it would be feasible to use ICESAT-2/ATLAS products to estimate forest canopy height change for large-scale areas.
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Sims, R. A., and P. Uhlig. "The current status of forest site classification in Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 68, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc68064-1.
Full textAbstract:
Forest sites are diagnostic forest-landscape ecosystem units that resource managers must deal with during the planning and implementation stages of management. Forest sites are the basic building blocks for undertaking integrated resource management which weighs wildlife, recreation, environmental impact and various other concerns along with timber harvesting. Consequently, accurate and practical systems for classifying and mapping forest sites are becoming increasingly necessary to organize, communicate and use existing and new management knowledge and experience effectively.Over the past four decades in Ontario, a number of studies and resource surveys have provided important background information on forest sites. Many have considered, to varying extents, the integrative roles of vegetation, soil-site, landform and general climate on forests and forest land. Generally, the emphasis has been on description and classification, with results generating a better understanding of how various forests in different areas develop, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in relation to soil-site or other features of the basic land resource. Some of these studies and surveys have been instrumental in advancing the definitions and understanding of forested ecosystems. Others have provided new information on site dynamics, interrelationships and functions, or have contributed to the science (and art) of site evaluation and classification.This paper briefly summarizes the current status of forest site classification in Ontario. Over time, the role of forest site classification has evolved in response to new technologies and information, and to new emphases and values in resource management. In general, site classification research has become increasingly integrative and quantitative. Some of the important future challenges facing forest site classification in Ontario are briefly discussed. Key words: ecological land classification, forest ecology, forest ecosystem classification, forest management interpretations, forest site classification, land use planning, Ontario.