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Journal articles on the topic 'Forest recolonization'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Loehle, Craig, Kevin A. Solarik, Daniel U. Greene, Laura Six, and Darren J. H. Sleep. "Potential Recolonization Benefits of Retention Forestry Practices." Forest Science 67, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa054.

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Abstract Tree retention after forest harvest is often used to enhance biodiversity in forests that are otherwise managed using even-aged systems. It remains unclear to what extent scattered trees and residual patches (i.e., retained structures) actually facilitate recolonization of species in logged areas. For assessing recolonization benefits, it is necessary to consider both survival in retained structures postharvest and recolonization in cleared areas. We conducted a literature review to assess recolonization responses of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, vascular plants, invertebrates, lichens/bryophytes, and mycorrhizal fungi. The clearest benefits of retention were for poorly dispersing plants. Seed dispersal type may be a key life-history trait relative to effectiveness of recolonization, with animal-dispersed seeds having the greatest dispersal range. We found that lichens/bryophytes are likely not dispersal limited (with possible exceptions) but are slow growing and require the development of moist microsite conditions. Significant literature gaps exist for amphibians, nonvolant invertebrates, and mycorrhizal fungi. Overall, recolonization success postharvest is taxon specific, where the benefits of implementing retention systems will depend on the region and species within that region. Species that require a long growth period (some lichens) or are poor dispersers (some herbaceous species) may benefit more from the creation of forest reserves than from retention practices.
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2

Fernández Fernández, Mercedes, and José Maria Salgado Costas. "Recolonization of a Burnt Pine Forest (Pinus pinaster) by Edaphic Coleoptera." Entomologia Generalis 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/26/2002/17.

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3

Acuña-Tarazona, Margoth, Tarin Toledo-Aceves, Alejandro Flores-Palacios, Vinicio J. Sosa, and M. Luisa Martínez. "Post-stripping recolonization of vascular epiphytes in cloud-forest fragments in Mexico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 6 (August 12, 2015): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000395.

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Abstract:The response of vascular epiphyte communities following natural or human disturbance has been little studied. Over 5 y, we evaluated the post-stripping recolonization of vascular epiphytes in cloud forest. Vascular epiphytes were experimentally removed from branch and trunk plots (1 m in length) on five trees in two secondary cloud forest fragments in southern Mexico. Similarity between colonizer and established communities was compared in each fragment using a further five trees with no stripping. All seedlings were recorded yearly. Non-vascular epiphyte cover was estimated in each plot. The recolonization rate was very high; after 5 y, epiphyte density of the colonizer community (27.4 ± 6.8 individuals per segment) reached similar values to those of the established community (26.7 ± 3.3) in nearby trees. While similarity (composition and abundance) between the colonizer community and established community was high (81%), diversity accumulation curves indicated that the colonizer community presents a lower diversity of epiphytes (5.5 equivalent species) than the established community (11.4). Colonization of xerophytic bromeliads was high, while pteridophytes and orchids presented reduced recovery. The immediately surrounding source of propagules had a strong influence on recolonization. In both the colonizer and established communities, dominance rank was bromeliads > peperomias > pteridophytes. The results show that the recovery capacity of epiphytic vegetation in secondary forest is high, if propagule sources are close by. However, at 5 y after disturbance, it is unclear whether the colonizer community would present the same species composition as the established community or if it would give rise to a different community.
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4

Pérez-Luque, Antonio J., Francisco J. Bonet-García, and Regino Zamora. "Colonization Pattern of Abandoned Croplands by Quercus pyrenaica in a Mediterranean Mountain Region." Forests 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111584.

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Land abandonment is a major global change driver in the Mediterranean region, where anthropic activity has played an important role in shaping landscape configuration. Understanding the woodland expansion towards abandoned croplands is critical to develop effective management strategies. In this study, we analyze the colonization pattern of abandoned croplands by Quercus pyrenaica in the Sierra Nevada mountain range (southern Spain). We aimed to assess differences among populations within the rear edge of the Q. pyrenaica distribution. For this purpose, we characterized (i) the colonization pattern of Q. pyrenaica, (ii) the structure of the seed source (surrounding forests), and (iii) the abundance of the main seed disperser (Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius). The study was conducted in five abandoned croplands located in two representative populations of Q. pyrenaica located on contrasting slopes. Vegetation plots within three habitat types (mature forest, edge-forest and abandoned cropland) were established to compute the abundance of oak juveniles. The abundance of European jay was determined using data of bird censuses (covering 7 years). Our results indicate that a natural recolonization of abandoned croplands by Q. pyrenaica is occurring in the rear edge of the distribution of this oak species. Oak juvenile abundance varied between study sites. Neither the surrounding-forest structure nor the abundance of jays varied significantly between study sites. The differences in the recolonization patterns seem to be related to differences in the previous- and post-abandonment management.
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5

Brock, Rebecca Catherine, Andy Arnell, Will Simonson, Aline C. Soterroni, Aline Mosnier, Fernando Ramos, Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho, et al. "Implementing Brazil’s Forest Code: a vital contribution to securing forests and conserving biodiversity." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 6 (April 3, 2021): 1621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02159-x.

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AbstractMeeting Brazil’s ambitious national commitments on both climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation depends on securing its reserves of forest carbon and biodiversity. Brazil’s ‘Forest Code’ is a key tool to reconcile environmental preservation and agricultural production; it limits deforestation and requires forest restoration in illegally deforested areas. However, not all provisions of the law’s 2012 revision have yet been implemented and some are facing new challenges. Using modelled land use change projections for the whole of the country, we show that full implementation and enforcement of the law has the potential to contribute to conserving biodiversity. Biodiversity outcomes will be especially positive if (i) deforested areas are restored in ways that support recolonization by native species and (ii) additional measures are implemented to protect native vegetation in areas like Caatinga dry forests and Cerrado savannas, which may experience added pressure displaced from other regions by Forest Code implementation.
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6

Béguin, Claude. "La forêt de houx des Follatères | The Holly Forest of «Follatères»." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 152, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2001.0335.

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We analyse the appearance, development and dynamics of a new holly forest covering an area of more than 2000 m2 using phytosociological and ecological methods. The observed local change of vegetation, especially during the second half of the 20th century, within the limits of the recolonization of a former pasture area is seen as a sign of climatic change.
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7

Rood, Stewart B. "Unusual disturbance: forest change following a catastrophic debris flow in the Canadian Rocky Mountains." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-129.

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Trees are often well adapted to periodic physical disturbances such as fires or floods. However, I investigated forest response to an extremely unusual disturbance event. Following heavy rain in June 1995 a catastrophic debris flow from Vimy Peak in the Canadian Rocky Mountains terminated as an alluvial debris fan that plowed through a trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) grove. I analyzed the site over a decade to monitor forest response and determine whether there would be recolonization to the prior forest type. In contrast to my expectation, aspen recolonization did not occur; instead, black cottonwoods (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) colonized the site. These originated from seedlings and not through clonal propagation, and by 2004, black cottonwoods composed 99% of the saplings and were typically 0.6–1.4 m tall with a density of about 1/m2. The debris fan dramatically changed the physical environment, which partly resembled a floodplain depositional zone and was colonized by the regionally dominant riparian tree. I propose the concept of foreign disturbance to recognize an unusual disturbance that an organism would very rarely experience and thus to which it is unlikely to be adapted. In this example the disturbance produced an abrupt transition to an alternative forest type and this response may provide insight into forest response to other unusual disturbances, such as extreme weather events, that might increase with climate change.
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8

TWIGG, LAURIE E., and BARRY J. FOX. "Recolonization of regenerating open forest by terrestrial lizards following sand mining." Austral Ecology 16, no. 2 (June 1991): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1991.tb01041.x.

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9

Reinhardt Adams, Carrie, Christine Wiese, and Leah C. Lee. "Native recolonization following control of invasiveRuellia simplexin a cypress floodplain forest." Applied Vegetation Science 18, no. 4 (July 17, 2015): 694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12187.

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10

HOLLAND, GREG J., and ANDREW F. BENNETT. "Recolonization of forest fragments by a native rodent following experimental ‘extinctions’." Austral Ecology 36, no. 5 (September 28, 2010): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02182.x.

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11

Fernández Fernández, M. M., and J. M. Salgado Costas. "Recolonization of a burnt pine forest (Pinus pinaster) by Carabidae (Coleoptera)." European Journal of Soil Biology 40, no. 1 (January 2004): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2004.01.003.

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12

Simoniello, T., R. Coluzzi, V. Imbrenda, and M. Lanfredi. "Land cover changes and forest landscape evolution (1985–2009) in a typical Mediterranean agroforestry system (high Agri Valley)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 12, 2015): 1201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1201-2015.

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Abstract. The present study focuses on the transformations of a typical Mediterranean agroforestry landscape of southern Italy (high Agri Valley – Basilicata region) that occurred over 24 years. In this period, the valuable agricultural and natural areas that compose such a landscape were subjected to intensive industry-related activities linked to the exploitation of the largest European onshore oil reservoir. Landsat imagery acquired in 1985 and 2009 were used to detect changes in forest areas and major land use trajectories. Landscape metrics indicators were adopted to characterize landscape structure and evolution of both the complex ecomosaic (14 land cover classes) and the forest/non-forest arrangement. Our results indicate a net increase of 11% of forest areas between 1985 and 2009. The major changes concern increase of all forest covers at the expense of pastures and grasses, enlargement of riparian vegetation, and expansion of artificial areas. The observed expansion of forests was accompanied by a decrease of the fragmentation levels likely due to the reduction of small glades that break forest homogeneity and to the recolonization of herbaceous areas. Overall, we observe an evolution towards a more stable configuration depicting a satisfactory picture of vegetation health.
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13

Simoniello, T., R. Coluzzi, V. Imbrenda, and M. Lanfredi. "Land cover changes and forest landscape evolution (1985–2009) in a typical Mediterranean agroforestry system (High Agri Valley)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 8 (August 25, 2014): 5427–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-5427-2014.

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Abstract. The present study focuses on the transformations of a typical Mediterranean agroforestry landscape of southern Italy (High Agri Valley – Basilicata region) occurred during 24 years. In this period, the valuable agricultural and natural areas that compose such a landscape were subjected to intensive industry-related activities linked to the exploitation of the largest European on-shore oil reservoir. Landsat imagery acquired in 1985 and 2009 were used to detect changes in forest areas and major land use trajectories. Landscape metrics indicators were adopted to characterize landscape structure and evolution of both the complex ecomosaic (14 land cover classes) and the Forest/Non Forest arrangement. Our results indicate a net increase of 11% of forest areas between 1985 and 2009. The major changes concern: increase of all forest covers at the expense of pastures and grasses, enlargement of riparian vegetation, expansion of artificial areas. The observed expansion of forests was accompanied by a decrease of the fragmentation levels likely due to the reduction of small glades that break forest homogeneity and to the recolonization of herbaceous areas. Overall, we observe an evolution towards a more stable configuration depicting a satisfactory picture of vegetation health.
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14

Ellington, E. Hance, Sean W. Gess, Erin L. Koen, Joseph E. Duchamp, Matthew J. Lovallo, Matthew R. Dzialak, and Jeffery L. Larkin. "Habitat Patch Use by Fishers in the Deciduous Forest-Dominated Landscape of the Central Appalachian Mountains, USA." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/012016-jfwm-006.

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Abstract Fishers (Pekania pennanti) are often associated with the coniferous and mixed forests of the northern United States and central Canada, and their ecology has been studied extensively in portions of their distributional range. Recently, natural range expansion and reintroductions have led to recolonization by fishers to portions of the central Appalachian Mountains, where deciduous forest is the dominant vegetation type. We used noninvasive hair-snare surveys and microsatellite genetic analysis to detect fishers in the central Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania. We used these detections within an occupancy modeling framework to explore habitat patch use by fishers and the forest characteristics and land use features that influenced it. We found that the likelihood of patch use by fishers was related to forests with higher proportions of low-density residential areas. Our results also suggested that lower road densities might be related to higher likelihood of fisher patch use. Fishers in Pennsylvania tolerated some forms of land development. Patch use was not driven by forest type or canopy cover, at least within our deciduous forest-dominated study areas. Future research identifying threshold values at which forest cover and land development affect patch use by fishers in the central Appalachian Mountains will better inform management decisions with respect to sites for future reintroduction of fishers.
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15

Génard, Michel, Françoise Lescourret, and Guy Durrieu. "Mycophagie chez le sanglier et hypothèses sur son rôle dans la dissémination des spores de champignons hypogés." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 2324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-347.

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Microscopic study of wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) faeces collected in the French Mediterranean zone reveals a frequent consumption of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Hypogeous species are predominant. Mycophagy is more important in forest stands than in open areas. Hypotheses are proposed on the role of the wild boar in the dissemination of hypogeous fungi spores, which is necessary for forest regeneration: the boar would not play an important role in the recolonization of deforested areas, but may favour the genie mixing of spatially separated fungi populations.
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16

Latta, Steven C., Nathan L. Brouwer, Alison Olivieri, Julie Girard-Woolley, and Judy F. Richardson. "Long-term monitoring reveals an avian species credit in secondary forest patches of Costa Rica." PeerJ 5 (June 30, 2017): e3539. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3539.

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Degraded and secondary forests comprise approximately 50% of remaining tropical forest. Bird community characteristics and population trends in secondary forests are infrequently studied, but secondary forest may serve as a “safety net” for tropical biodiversity. Less understood is the occurrence of time-delayed, community-level dynamics such as an extinction debt of specialist species or a species credit resulting from the recolonization of forest patches by extirpated species. We sought to elucidate patterns and magnitudes of temporal change in avian communities in secondary forest patches in Southern Costa Rica biannually over a 10 year period during the late breeding season and mid-winter. We classified birds caught in mist nets or recorded in point counts by residency status, and further grouped them based on preferred habitat, sensitivity to disturbance, conservation priority, foraging guild, and foraging strata. Using hierarchical, mixed-effects models we tested for trends among species that share traits. We found that permanent-resident species increased over time relative to migrants. In both seasons, primary forest species generally increased while species typical of secondary forest, scrub, or edge declined. Species relatively sensitive to habitat disturbance increased significantly over time, whereas birds less sensitive to disturbance decreased. Similarly, generalists with higher habitat breadth scores declined. Because, we found very few changes in vegetation characteristics in secondary forest patches, shifts in the avian community toward primary forest species represent a species credit and are likely related to vegetation changes in the broader landscape. We suggest that natural regeneration and maturation of secondary forests should be recognized as a positive conservation development of potential benefit even to species typical of primary forest.
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17

Jones, Caren E., and Simon M. Landhäusser. "Plant recolonization of reclamation areas from patches of salvaged forest floor material." Applied Vegetation Science 21, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12350.

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18

Pais, Mara P., and Elenice M. Varanda. "Arthropod recolonization in the restoration of a semideciduous forest in southeastern Brazil." Neotropical Entomology 39, no. 2 (April 2010): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-566x2010000200009.

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19

Caners, Richard T., S. Ellen Macdonald, and René J. Belland. "Recolonization potential of bryophyte diaspore banks in harvested boreal mixed-wood forest." Plant Ecology 204, no. 1 (December 27, 2008): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9565-0.

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20

Wagner, Helene H., Silke Werth, Jesse M. Kalwij, Jacqueline C. Bolli, and Christoph Scheidegger. "Modelling forest recolonization by an epiphytic lichen using a landscape genetic approach." Landscape Ecology 21, no. 6 (August 2006): 849–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-5567-7.

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21

Majer, Jonathan D. "Ant recolonization of rehabilitated bauxite mines at Trombetas, Pará, Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 12, no. 2 (March 1996): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400009445.

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ABSTRACTAnt species were sampled in three rainforest and 10 rehabilitated bauxite mine plots at Trombetas, in the tropical monsoonal region of Brazil. Rehabilitation ranged from 0 to 11 years in age and was mainly performed by planting mixed native forest tree species. One plot supported single-species blocks of Australian Eucalyptus and Acacia species. Two hundred and six ant species were recorded, of which 82 were exclusively found in the native vegetation, 54 were confined to the rehabilitation and 70 were found in both situations. In contrast with other studies, ant species richness in the Eucalyptus/Acacia plantation was as great as in the areas rehabilitated with native vegetation. The overall rate of return of ant species was considerably greater than in mines situated within subtropical regions of Brazil, Africa and Australia. However, if the greater richness of ants in the native vegetation at Trombetas was accounted for, the proportional return of the original ant fauna was not particularly rapid. The return of ant species slowed as the rehabilitated areas aged. In comparison with forest, the rehabilitation was characterized by proportionately more generalist species and fewer specialists, especially from the soil and litter layers. The full range of habitat requirements for the ant community has not been restored by the eleventh year of rehabilitation and further management may be required to enhance the degree of colonization. It is suggested that the findings for ants may apply to other components of the biota as well.
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22

Myers, Philip, Joseph Edward Davis, and Steven. "Recolonization of soils by algae in a northcentral Florida pine forest after controlled fire and soil sterilization." Nova Hedwigia 76, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2003): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2003/0076-0207.

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23

Gugerli, Felix, and Christoph Sperisen. "Genetische Struktur von Waldbäumen im Alpenraum als Folge (post)glazialer Populationsgeschichte | Genetic structures of forest tree species in the range of the European Alps as a result of (post-)glacial population history." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 161, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0207.

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Fossil records (pollen, macroremains) and genetic structures based on molecular markers provide complementary data sets for elucidating the (post-)glacial histories of extant plant populations. Based on comparative studies using both data sources, this article focuses on the effects of postglacial recolonization on the genetic structures in common, widespread forest tree species in the Alpine range. We recall that at least at the continental level, the three large southern European peninsulas, Iberia, Italy and the Balkans, but also the Carpathians represented important refugial areas for many European tree species during the last glacial maximum. However, these refugia had a minimal impact on the recolonization of the Alpine range. In contrast, recent studies demonstrate that refugial areas in the proximity of the Alps, e.g. at their eastern and western ends, harbored prominent source populations of current occurrences of the dominant forest trees in the Alpine range. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that several species were able to maintain populations north of the Alps, such as in the Bohemian Massif. We advocate that the Alps did not necessarily represent a barrier to northward migration, since terrain for advancement from various refugia was available along the margins of this mountain range. Such migration patterns allowed diverged genetic lineages to meet, leading to increased genetic diversity in respective contact zones. This overview underlines how paleoecological and molecular genetic studies may complement each other to develop a more comprehensive vision of the postglacial history of forest trees in the Alpine range.
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24

Gable, Thomas D., Sean M. Johnson-Bice, Austin T. Homkes, Steve K. Windels, and Joseph K. Bump. "Outsized effect of predation: Wolves alter wetland creation and recolonization by killing ecosystem engineers." Science Advances 6, no. 46 (November 2020): eabc5439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc5439.

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Gray wolves are a premier example of how predators can transform ecosystems through trophic cascades. However, whether wolves change ecosystems as drastically as previously suggested has been increasingly questioned. We demonstrate how wolves alter wetland creation and recolonization by killing dispersing beavers. Beavers are ecosystem engineers that generate most wetland creation throughout boreal ecosystems. By studying beaver pond creation and recolonization patterns coupled with wolf predation on beavers, we determined that 84% of newly created and recolonized beaver ponds remained occupied until the fall, whereas 0% of newly created and recolonized ponds remained active after a wolf killed the dispersing beaver that colonized that pond. By affecting where and when beavers engineer ecosystems, wolves alter all of the ecological processes (e.g., water storage, nutrient cycling, and forest succession) that occur due to beaver-created impoundments. Our study demonstrates how predators have an outsized effect on ecosystems when they kill ecosystem engineers.
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25

Boudreault, C., M. Paquette, N. J. Fenton, D. Pothier, and Y. Bergeron. "Changes in bryophytes assemblages along a chronosequence in eastern boreal forest of Quebec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 7 (July 2018): 821–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0352.

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Old-growth forests are often considered as biodiversity hotspots for bryophytes because of their diversity in environmental niches or microhabitats and forest continuity. Following this hypothesis, old-growth forests would be expected to house species and functional traits associated with species dispersal different from mature forests. In this study, we compared bryophytes in old-growth and younger forests in terms of species composition, functional trait values, and microhabitat associations. We studied bryophytes in 22 sites distributed across three age classes (18 to >200 years) in boreal forests (eastern Quebec). Richness of liverworts, vegetative-reproducing species, and species with infrequent sexual reproduction were higher in the oldest age class. Species richness was best explained by the availability of coarse woody material (CWM) and other microhabitats, and community structure was best explained by balsam fir basal area. Microhabitats most often associated with indicator species were organic matter, CWM, and pits. Our results indicate that communities associated with older forests are potentially sensitive to forest management as they differ in composition and functional traits from other age classes, with many species characterized by reduced dispersal capabilities and tolerance to competition. An approach that combines critical source habitat protection for dispersal-limited species with protection of critical microhabitats in neighboring managed stands are necessary to allow successful recolonization and maintain bryophyte diversity in managed landscapes.
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Francescato, Valter, Michele Scotton, Daniel J. Zarin, James C. Innes, and David M. Bryant. "Fifty years of natural revegetation on a landslide in Franconia Notch, New Hampshire, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 1477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-121.

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We describe natural revegetation dynamics on landslides that occurred in 1948 and 1959 in Franconia Notch, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Analysis of aerial photographs from 1958, 1978, and 1996 indicate that the rate of revegetation of the landslide surface decreased over time, probably because of early saturation of easily colonized sites. In the 1948 landslide, we found that width and slope steepness within the landslide influenced the revegetation rate, while elevation did not. On the 1959 landslide, none of the tested factors were significantly correlated with vegetation recovery. Recolonization of narrow erosional zones tended to occur from the landslide edges inward; recolonization of wider erosional zones also occurred outward from islands of vegetation within the landslide. Floristic inventories were conducted in 1956 and 1996 using the point-centered quarter method and fixed plots of 1 m2 and were processed using cluster analysis, resulting in a grouping of the 1956 and 1996 plots into four and five clusters, respectively. The 1956 clusters consisted of exclusively herbaceous vegetation (zones with greater erosion) or prevalently shrub-arboreal vegetation, with Betula cordifolia Regel. dominant at high elevation and Betula papyrifera Marsh. and Betula alleghaniensis Britton dominant at low to middle elevation. The 1996 vegetation was characterized by prevalence of arboreal canopy made up of differing proportions of birch species, which varied with elevation.Key words: disturbance, floristic composition, regeneration, recolonization, succession, White Mountain National Forest.
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27

Sagnard, Fabrice, Christian Pichot, Philippe Dreyfus, Pedro Jordano, and Bruno Fady. "Modelling seed dispersal to predict seedling recruitment: Recolonization dynamics in a plantation forest." Ecological Modelling 203, no. 3-4 (May 2007): 464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.12.008.

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28

Templeton, Alan R., Jennifer L. Neuwald, Hilary Brazeal, and R. James Robertson. "Invited Minireview: Restoring Demographic Processes in Translocated Populations: The Case of Collared Lizards in the Missouri Ozarks Using Prescribed Forest Fires." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 53, no. 2 (May 6, 2007): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.53.2.179.

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Habitat fragmentation is one of the more important contributors to species endangerment, but one form of fragmentation, here called dispersal fragmentation, can often go unobserved for many years after it has occurred. Many species live in naturally fragmented habitats, but the local populations are interconnected genetically and demographically by dispersal through the environmental matrix in which the habitats are embedded. Because of dispersal, the local populations are not truly fragmented evolutionarily or ecologically. However, when human activities alter the environmental matrix such that dispersal is no longer possible, the population does indeed become fragmented even though they initially are present in the same habitats. An example of dispersal fragmentation via an altered environmental matrix is provided by the eastern collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris collaris). This lizard lives on open, rocky habitats, called glades, that are embedded in the forests of the Ozarks, a highland region located primarily in Missouri and Arkansas in the USA. Forest fire suppression has reduced this habitat, resulting in severe habitat fragmentation, disruption of gene flow, loss of genetic variation within glade populations, and local extinction without recolonization. Beginning in 1982, glade habitats were restored by clearing and burning in the Peck Ranch area of the Missouri Ozarks, a region where the lizards had gone extinct. Starting in 1984, lizard populations were translocated from other Missouri glades onto restored glades at the Peck Ranch. Although these translocated populations survived well on the restored glades, no movement was detected between glades, some just 50 m apart, and no colonization of nearby restored glades, some just 60 m away, occurred between 1984 and 1993. Fragmentation, lack of colonization, no gene flow, and loss of genetic variation still persisted despite translocation reversing some of the local extinction. Fire scar data from trees and tree stumps indicated that forest fires were common in this area prior to European settlement, so in 1994 a new management policy of prescribed burning of both the glades and their forest matrix was initiated. Once the forest had been burned, the lizards could disperse kilometers through the forest, thereby reestablishing the processes of dispersal, gene flow, colonization, and local extinction followed by recolonization. This resulted in a dramatic increase in population size and inhabited area. By incorporating a landscape perspective into the management strategy, the eastern collared lizard has been successfully reestablished in a region of historic extirpation.
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Sullivan, Thomas P. "Demographic responses of small mammal populations to a herbicide application in coastal coniferous forest: population density and resiliency." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 874–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-127.

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This study was designed to assess the demographic responses of small mammal populations to herbicide-induced habitat alteration in a 7-year-old Douglas-fir plantation near Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada. Populations of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Oregon vole (Microtus oregoni), Townsend chipmunk (Eutamias townsendii), and shrews (Sorex spp.) were sampled in control and treatment habitats from April 1981 to September 1983 and from April to October 1985. Recolonization of removal areas by these species was also monitored in both habitats. There was little difference in abundance of deer mice, Oregon voles, and shrews between control and treatment study areas. Chipmunk populations appeared to decline temporarily on the treatment areas relative to controls. Recolonization by voles was not affected by habitat change, but for deer mice was lower on the treatment than control area. Both deer mouse and Oregon vole populations were at comparable densities on control and treatment areas in the second and fourth years after herbicide treatment. The proportion of breeding animals and average duration of life were similar in control and treatment populations of deer mice and voles. These small mammal species should be able to persist in areas of coastal coniferous forest that are treated with herbicide for conifer release.
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Helmer, Eileen, Thomas Ruzycki, Barry Wilson, Kirk Sherrill, Michael Lefsky, Humfredo Marcano-Vega, Thomas Brandeis, Heather Erickson, and Bonnie Ruefenacht. "Tropical Deforestation and Recolonization by Exotic and Native Trees: Spatial Patterns of Tropical Forest Biomass, Functional Groups, and Species Counts and Links to Stand Age, Geoclimate, and Sustainability Goals." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111724.

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We mapped native, endemic, and introduced (i.e., exotic) tree species counts, relative basal areas of functional groups, species basal areas, and forest biomass from forest inventory data, satellite imagery, and environmental data for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Imagery included time series of Landsat composites and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based phenology. Environmental data included climate, land-cover, geology, topography, and road distances. Large-scale deforestation and subsequent forest regrowth are clear in the resulting maps decades after large-scale transition back to forest. Stand age, climate, geology, topography, road/urban locations, and protection are clearly influential. Unprotected forests on more accessible or arable lands are younger and have more introduced species and deciduous and nitrogen-fixing basal areas, fewer endemic species, and less biomass. Exotic species are widespread—except in the oldest, most remote forests on the least arable lands, where shade-tolerant exotics may persist. Although the maps have large uncertainty, their patterns of biomass, tree species diversity, and functional traits suggest that for a given geoclimate, forest age is a core proxy for forest biomass, species counts, nitrogen-fixing status, and leaf longevity. Geoclimate indicates hard-leaved species commonness. Until global wall-to-wall remote sensing data from specialized sensors are available, maps from multispectral image time series and other predictor data should help with running ecosystem models and as sustainable development indicators. Forest attribute models trained with a tree species ordination and mapped with nearest neighbor substitution (Phenological Gradient Nearest Neighbor method, PGNN) yielded larger correlation coefficients for observed vs. mapped tree species basal areas than Cubist regression tree models trained separately on each species. In contrast, Cubist regression tree models of forest structural and functional attributes yielded larger such correlation coefficients than the ordination-trained PGNN models.
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Strayer, David, Daniel H. Pletscher, Steven P. Hamburg, and Stephen C. Nodvin. "The effects of forest disturbance on land gastropod communities in northern New England." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 2094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-320.

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We studied the gastropod communities of 16 forested sites in northern New England that had been disturbed by clear-cutting, agricultural cropping, or forest fires. There was no clear relationship between the density, species richness, or composition of the gastropod community and the time elapsed since disturbance. This result contrasts with previous studies, which reported strong correlations between the age of forested stands and the structure of gastropod communities. We suggest that gastropod communities in our study sites recovered rapidly following disturbance because of the small area of the disturbed sites, which facilitated recolonization from surrounding areas, and because of the rapid recovery of the function of the vegetation following forest disturbance in northern New England.
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Cardenas, Sergio M. M., Marcelo C. L. Cohen, Diana P. C. Ruiz, Adriana V. Souza, Juan S. Gomez-Neita, Luiz C. R. Pessenda, and Nicholas Culligan. "Death and Regeneration of an Amazonian Mangrove Forest by Anthropic and Natural Forces." Remote Sensing 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 6197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246197.

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The Amazon Macrotidal Mangrove Coast contains the most extensive and continuous mangrove belt globally, occupying an area of ~6500 km2 and accounting for 4.2% of global mangroves. The tallest and densest mangrove forests in the Amazon occur on the Bragança Peninsula. However, road construction that occurred in 1973 caused significant mangrove degradation in the area. A spatial-temporal analysis (1986–2019) based on optical, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), drone images, and altimetric data obtained by photogrammetry and validated by a topographic survey were carried out to understand how the construction of a road led to the death of mangroves. The topographic data suggested that this road altered the hydrodynamical flow, damming tidal waters. This process killed at least 4.3 km2 of mangrove trees. Nevertheless, due to natural mangrove recolonization, the area exhibiting degraded mangrove health decreased to ~2.8 km2 in 2003 and ~0.73 km2 in 2019. Climatic extreme events such as “El Niño” and “La Niña” had ephemeral control over the mangrove degradation/regeneration. In contrast, the relative sea-level rise during the last several decades caused long-term mangrove recolonization, expanding mangrove areas from lower to higher tidal flats. Permanently flooded depressions in the study area, created by the altered hydrodynamical flow due to the road, are unlikely to be recolonized by mangroves unless connections are re-established between these depressions with drainage on the Caeté estuary through pipes or bridges to prevent water accumulation between the road and depressions. To minimize impacts on mangroves, this road should have initially been designed to cross mangrove areas on the highest tidal flats and to skirt the channel headwaters to avoid interruption of regular tidal flow.
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Moretti, Marco, Beat Wermelinger, Martin M. Gossner, and Martin K. Obrist. "Wiederbesiedlung der Waldbrandfläche von Leuk durch Gliederfüsser." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 169, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2018.0290.

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Arthropod recolonization after the forest fire in Leuk The forest fire of Leuk (Wallis) in 2003 offered the opportunity to assess the impact of fire on arthropods and their succession after the event. We used standardized traps to sample arthropods in the center and at the edge of the burned area as well as in the intact forest outside the surface, two, three, five and ten years after the fire. We investigated different taxonomic and functional groups with particular focus on deadwood dwelling and endangered beetle species. We sampled 1898 species: 949 exclusively within the burned area and 159 exclusively in the intact forest. While the species number in the intact forest hardly changed during the investigation period, it increased dramatically in the burned area immediately after the fire. This was true for the herbivores and pollinators, as well as for the deadwood dwelling and endangered beetle species. In contrast, the number of species in two ground-dwelling groups, i.e., spiders (predators) and woodlice (decomposers), in the burned area exceeded those of the intact forest plots only five or ten years after the fire. During the first three years after the fire, we also sampled pyrophilic (fire-adapted) species, such as the bark bug Aradus lugubris and the longhorn beetles Acmaeops septentrionis and A. marginatus in the burned area. In total, there were 285 indicator species of specific and 38 further indicator species of unspecific post-fire successional stages. In contrast, only 18 indicator species of intact forests could be found. As such, forest fire is an ecological disturbance that can be considered as an important driver for maintaining and enhancing biodiversity as well as fire-specialized species.
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Piñeiro, Rosalía, Olivier J. Hardy, Carolina Tovar, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Filipe Garrett Vieira, and M. Thomas P. Gilbert. "Contrasting genetic signal of recolonization after rainforest fragmentation in African trees with different dispersal abilities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 27 (July 1, 2021): e2013979118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013979118.

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Although today the forest cover is continuous in Central Africa, this may have not always been the case, as the scarce fossil record in this region suggests that arid conditions might have significantly reduced tree density during the ice ages. Our aim was to investigate whether the dry ice age periods left a genetic signature on tree species that can be used to infer the date of the past fragmentation of the rainforest. We sequenced reduced representation libraries of 182 samples representing five widespread legume trees and seven outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses identified an early divergent lineage for all species in West Africa (Upper Guinea) and two clades in Central Africa: Lower Guinea-North and Lower Guinea-South. As the structure separating the Northern and Southern clades—congruent across species—cannot be explained by geographic barriers, we tested other hypotheses with demographic model testing using δαδι. The best estimates indicate that the two clades split between the Upper Pliocene and the Pleistocene, a date compatible with forest fragmentation driven by ice age climatic oscillations. Furthermore, we found remarkably older split dates for the shade-tolerant tree species with nonassisted seed dispersal than for light-demanding species with long-distance wind-dispersed seeds. Different recolonization abilities after recurrent cycles of forest fragmentation seem to explain why species with long-distance dispersal show more recent genetic admixture between the two clades than species with limited seed dispersal. Despite their old history, our results depict the African rainforests as a dynamic biome where tree species have expanded relatively recently after the last glaciation.
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Oslisly, Richard, Ilham Bentaleb, Charly Favier, Michel Fontugne, Jean François Gillet, and Julie Morin-Rivat. "West Central African Peoples: Survey of Radiocarbon Dates over the Past 5000 Years." Radiocarbon 55, no. 3 (2013): 1377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220004830x.

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Tracing human history in west central Africa suffers from a scarcity of historical data and archaeological remains. In order to provide new insight into this problem, we reviewed 733 radiocarbon dates of archaeological sites from the end of the Late Stone Age, Neolithic Stage, and Early and Late Iron Age in Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Congo, and the western Democratic Republic of Congo. This review provides a spatiotemporal framework of human settlement in the forest biome. Beyond the well-known initial spread of Iron Age populations through central African forests from 2500 cal BP, it depicts the geographical patterns and links with the cultural evolution of the successive phases of human expansion from 5000 to 3000 cal BP and then from 3000 to 1600 cal BP, of the hinterland depopulation from 1350 to 860 cal BP, and of recolonization up to 500 cal BP.
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36

Kropáček, K., and P. Cudlín. "Recolonization of sterilized substrates during artificial mycorrization of forest tree seedling by autochthonous mycorrhizal fungi." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 28, no. 1-4 (February 1990): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(90)90049-j.

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37

Craig, Michael D., Megan E. Smith, Vicki L. Stokes, Giles E. STJ Hardy, and Richard J. Hobbs. "Temporal longevity of unidirectional and dynamic filters to faunal recolonization in post-mining forest restoration." Austral Ecology 43, no. 8 (July 19, 2018): 973–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12647.

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38

Nyquist, B., R. Tyson, and K. Larsen. "Modelling Recolonization of Second-Growth Forest Stands by the North American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 69, no. 4 (March 16, 2007): 1311–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-006-9160-2.

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39

Nicolai, Annegret, Robert G. Forsyth, Melissa Grantham, and Cary D. Hamel. "Tall grass prairie ecosystem management—a gastropod perspective." Canadian Field-Naturalist 133, no. 4 (May 8, 2020): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v133i4.2217.

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Less than 5% of the original tall grass prairie in North America remains. A portion of this remnant, composed of wetland, grassland and forest, is protected by the Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC) in southern Manitoba. This heterogeneous ecosystem has rich biodiversity; however, gastropods have not been surveyed in Canada’s tall grass prairie. We studied gastropods in Prairie, Wet Meadow, Forest, and Wet Forest habitats of the Manitoba Tall Grass Prairie Preserve that vary with respect to land management practices (prescribed burning, grazing by cattle). Gastropod community composition was unique in the Prairie where mounds of grass litter form permanently moist cavities harbouring aquatic species, while dry-habitat species colonized the upper parts of these mounds. Gastropod communities in Prairie habitats were negatively affected by grazing and burning that occurred in the five years prior to our survey. Unburned Forest patches included both forest gastropod species and edge effect influenced open-habitat species and harboured the most diverse gastropod communities. These unburned Forest patches potentially provide a species pool for post-burn prairie recolonization. The gastropod community of Wet Meadows was not affected by grazing and was composed mainly of aquatic species. In this gastropod survey five species were recorded from Manitoba for the first time. The rare Blade Vertigo (Vertigo milium) is also reported.
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40

Marques, Lucas Cerqueira, Mônica Ceneviva-Bastos, and Lilian Casatti. "Progressive recovery of a tropical deforested stream community after a flash flood." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 25, no. 2 (June 2013): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2013000200002.

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AIM: In this study, we evaluated and compared community attributes from a tropical deforested stream, located in a pasture area, in a period before (PRED I) and three times after (POSD I, II, and III) a flash flood, in order to investigate the existence of temporal modifications in community structure that suggests return to conditions previous to the flash flood. METHODS: Biota samples included algae, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, and fish assemblages. Changes in stream physical structure we also evaluated. Similarity of the aquatic biota between pre and post-disturbance periods was examined by exploratory ordination, known as Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling associated with Cluster Analysis, using quantitative and presence/absence Bray-Curtis similarity coefficients. Presence and absence data were used for multivariate correlation analysis (Relate Analysis) in order to investigate taxonomic composition similarity of biota between pre and post-disturbance periods. RESULTS: Our results evidenced channel simplification and an expressive decrease in richness and abundance of all taxa right after the flood, followed by subsequent increases of these parameters in the next three samples, indicating trends towards stream community recovery. Bray-Curtis similarity coefficients evidenced a greater community structure disparity among the period right after the flood and the subsequent ones. Multivariate correlation analysis evidenced a greater correlation between macroinvertebrates and algae/macrophytes, demonstrating the narrow relation between their recolonization dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: Despite overall community structure tended to return to previous conditions, recolonization after the flood was much slower than that reported in literature. Finally, the remarkably high flood impact along with the slow recolonization could be a result of the historical presence of anthropic impacts in the region, such as siltation, riparian forest complete depletion, and habitat simplification, which magnified the effects of a natural disturbance.
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41

Asfora, Paulo Henrique, and Antonio Rossano Mendes Pontes. "The small mammals of the highly impacted North-eastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Pernambuco Endemism Center." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 1 (March 2009): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000100004.

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The Atlantic forest of Brazil is nowadays reduced to less than 8% of its total original area and yet many species remain to be described. The Atlantic Forest north to the São Francisco river - The Pernambuco Endemism Center (CEPE) - has less than 2% of its original forest cover and yet the knowledge on small mammals is scarce. Aiming to assess the small mammal community of this region surveys were carried out in 12 forest fragments of different sizes in distinct geographic areas of the CEPE. The capture-mark-recapture technique was used with live-traps set along linear transects. We recorded 15 species, two of which are in the IUCN Red List, but not in the Brazilian List of Threatened Species. The highest richness and abundance indices were recorded in medium-sized fragments and in the rainy season. More marsupial species were recorded compared to rodents. Our results suggest that fragmentation caused the extinction of those most specialized species, currently remaining only those most tolerant to fragmentation and urbanization. It is recommended that urgent measures should be taken to reconnect and restore these fragments to allow recolonization and reestablishment of the gene flow among the populations.
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Luoma, Daniel L., Christopher A. Stockdale, Randy Molina, and Joyce L. Eberhart. "The spatial influence of Pseudotsuga menziesii retention trees on ectomycorrhiza diversity." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 2561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-143.

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Living retention trees are being used in managed forests to promote a variety of values, including the maintenance of biological diversity. Federal forest plans for the northwestern USA include guidelines that require the retention of a minimum of 15% basal area in harvest units, with the goal of facilitating the development of late-seral stand structure, which is an important habitat element for old-growth forest-dependent species. However, effective levels and patterns of green-tree retention are unknown. We present results of a treatment consisting of 15% basal area, evenly dispersed retention (15%D). We quantified changes in the ectomycorrhiza (EM) community after the 15%D treatment, both near and away from retention trees. Pretreatment samples were obtained between 1 and 24 months before tree harvest. Post-treatment samples were collected within 14–25 months of harvest. In areas 8–25 m from retention trees, there was a 50% decline in the number of EM types per soil core from before to after treatment. Soil cores taken >5 m from retention trees exhibited a shift in EM community structure. EM-type richness was positively correlated with fine-root-tip density. We demonstrate the potential for retention trees to act as refugia for recolonization of newly established seedlings by ectomycorrhizal fungi.
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Barney, Sarah K., Devin R. Leopold, Kainana Francisco, David J. Flaspohler, Tadashi Fukami, Christian P. Giardina, Daniel S. Gruner, Jessie L. Knowlton, William C. Pitt, and Erin E. Wilson Rankin. "Successful management of invasive rats across a fragmented landscape." Environmental Conservation 48, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000205.

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SummaryIntroduced mammalian predators are responsible for the decline and extinction of many native species, with rats (genus Rattus) being among the most widespread and damaging invaders worldwide. In a naturally fragmented landscape, we demonstrate the multi-year effectiveness of snap traps in the removal of Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans from lava-surrounded forest fragments ranging in size from <0.1 to >10 ha. Relative to other studies, we observed low levels of fragment recolonization. Larger rats were the first to be trapped, with the average size of trapped rats decreasing over time. Rat removal led to distinct shifts in the foraging height and location of mongooses and mice, emphasizing the need to focus control efforts on multiple invasive species at once. Furthermore, because of a specially designed trap casing, we observed low non-target capture rates, suggesting that on Hawai‘i and similar islands lacking native rodents the risk of killing non-target species in snap traps may be lower than the application of rodenticides, which have the potential to contaminate food webs. These efforts demonstrate that targeted snap-trapping is an effective removal method for invasive rats in fragmented habitats and that, where used, monitoring of recolonization should be included as part of a comprehensive biodiversity management strategy.
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44

Guerrero, César, Jorge Mataix-Solera, Ignacio Gómez, Fuensanta García-Orenes, and Manuel M. Jordán. "Microbial recolonization and chemical changes in a soil heated at different temperatures." International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, no. 4 (2005): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf05039.

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Samples of a Mediterranean forest soil were exposed in a muffle furnace to seven temperatures (100–700°C) for 15 min to simulate different fire intensities. Heated soils were incubated for 100 days after re-inoculation with fresh unheated soil. Immediately after heating, the extractable organic C increased with the heating temperature, reaching a maximum at 400°C. This increase in extractable organic C and nutrients in soils heated below 400°C allowed a rapid recolonization of bacteria, increasing the basal respiration. During the 100-day incubation, the cumulative values of basal respiration and carbon mineralization rates generally followed a double exponential equation in unheated and heated samples. Heating at 200°C caused a reduction of 99.6% for fungi (measured as culturable fungal propagules), which showed lower recolonization capacity than that of bacteria. Heating also caused a decrease in the organic C content of the soils, especially for the highest temperatures. As a consequence, the microbial biomass carbon recovery was short lived in heated soils. The varied effects of heating and incubation on the inorganic and organic nitrogen changes, available nutrients and metabolic quotients are also discussed. This study demonstrates that changes in soils exposed to comparatively high temperatures (>500°C) have a particularly strong impact on microbial population.
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45

ADIS, Joachim, Ana Yoshi HARADA, Claudio Ruy V. da FONSECA, Wilfried PAARMANN, and José Albertino RAFAEL. "Arthropods obtained from the Amazonian tree species "Cupiuba" (Goupia glabra) by repeated canopy fogging with natural Pyrethrum." Acta Amazonica 28, no. 3 (September 1998): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921998283283.

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Two canopies of a widely distributed Amazonian tree species, Goupia glabra Aubl. (Celastraceae, height 38 and 45m) were fogged several times with 1% natural pyrethrum during the rainy and dry seasons (1991-1994) in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve near Manaus/Brazil. Between 50 and 158 ind./m2 of arthropods were obtained per tree and fogging event. Hymenoptera, mostly Formicidae, and Diptcra dominated. A total of 95 ant species occurred on a single tree. Most ants were permanently foraging in the canopy and their recolonization after fogging seems to follow stochastic pathways. Data indicated an interaction between - 1) predating Formicidae and gall building Cecidomyiidae and - 2) Cecidomyiidae and the parasitic Hymenoptera.
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Carrari, E., E. Ampoorter, K. Verheyen, A. Coppi, and F. Selvi. "Former charcoal platforms in Mediterranean forest areas: a hostile microhabitat for the recolonization by woody species." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor1701-009.

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47

Loiola, Miguel, Amaro Emiliano Trindade Silva, Marcos Krull, Felipe Alexandre Barbosa, Eduardo Henrique Galvão, Vinicius F. Patire, Igor Cristino Silva Cruz, Francisco Barros, Vanessa Hatje, and Pedro Milet Meirelles. "Mangrove microbial community recovery and their role in early stages of forest recolonization within shrimp ponds." Science of The Total Environment 855 (January 2023): 158863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158863.

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48

Nichols, Owen G., and Flora M. Nichols. "Long-Term Trends in Faunal Recolonization After Bauxite Mining in the Jarrah Forest of Southwestern Australia." Restoration Ecology 11, no. 3 (September 2003): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2003.00190.x.

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49

Mijangos, Jose L., Carlo Pacioni, Peter B. S. Spencer, Mia Hillyer, and Michael D. Craig. "Characterizing the post-recolonization of Antechinus flavipes and its genetic implications in a production forest landscape." Restoration Ecology 25, no. 5 (January 16, 2017): 738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12493.

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Lacerda, André Eduardo Biscaia, and Betina Kellermann. "What is the Long-Term Effect of Bamboo Dominance on Adult Trees in the Araucaria Forest? A Comparative Analysis between Two Successional Stages in Southern Brazil." Diversity 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090165.

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Bamboos are opportunistic species that rapidly colonize open areas following forest disturbance, forming dense clusters that alter the regenerative processes and maintain lower levels of tree diversity. Widespread forest degradation, especially in Latin America and Asia, and human-induced introduction have allowed native and non-native bamboo species to thrive, hindering successional pathways that would otherwise lead to more diverse forests; such a large-scale phenomenon is a key concern in the conservation of forest resources around the globe. Despite previous research on this phenomenon, little is known about the long-term effects of bamboo dominance on forest structure and composition and the corresponding interaction with natural regeneration. As such, we sought to evaluate the long-term effects of bamboo dominance on the dynamics of adult forest populations considering two forest types (Bamboo Forest—BF and Araucaria Forest—AF) over an 11-year period in the Embrapa Research Station in Caçador, Brazil. We monitored 20 plots (15 × 15 m) in each forest type where we tagged, identified, and measured the height and diameter of all the trees taller than 1.5 m (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 3.18 cm. Comparisons were based on forest species diversity and structure parameters. In BF, diversity of species increased after the bamboo die-off that occurred in 2006 with a subsequent reduction in the number of pioneer species overtime. However, secondary species remained stagnant demonstrating that recruitment and transition into higher size classes is restricted to the immediate die-off aftermath. On the other hand, plant diversity and structure in the relatively bamboo-free AF were stable with secondary species accounting for the most richness. Our results confirm that BF maintains significantly lower levels of diversity that are restricted to pioneer species; AF structure and diversity are not significantly affected by bamboo die-off and recolonization; and BF tree species are caught in a closed cycle of arrested successional development. The widespread presence of bamboos as dominant species in the region should become a part of the conversation pertaining to forest management and conservation in Brazil and other countries in south America and Asia.
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