Academic literature on the topic 'Forest recolonization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Forest recolonization"
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Loehle, Craig, Kevin A. Solarik, Daniel U. Greene, Laura Six, and Darren J. H. Sleep. "Potential Recolonization Benefits of Retention Forestry Practices." Forest Science 67, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa054.
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Abstract Tree retention after forest harvest is often used to enhance biodiversity in forests that are otherwise managed using even-aged systems. It remains unclear to what extent scattered trees and residual patches (i.e., retained structures) actually facilitate recolonization of species in logged areas. For assessing recolonization benefits, it is necessary to consider both survival in retained structures postharvest and recolonization in cleared areas. We conducted a literature review to assess recolonization responses of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, vascular plants, invertebrates, lichens/bryophytes, and mycorrhizal fungi. The clearest benefits of retention were for poorly dispersing plants. Seed dispersal type may be a key life-history trait relative to effectiveness of recolonization, with animal-dispersed seeds having the greatest dispersal range. We found that lichens/bryophytes are likely not dispersal limited (with possible exceptions) but are slow growing and require the development of moist microsite conditions. Significant literature gaps exist for amphibians, nonvolant invertebrates, and mycorrhizal fungi. Overall, recolonization success postharvest is taxon specific, where the benefits of implementing retention systems will depend on the region and species within that region. Species that require a long growth period (some lichens) or are poor dispersers (some herbaceous species) may benefit more from the creation of forest reserves than from retention practices.
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Fernández Fernández, Mercedes, and José Maria Salgado Costas. "Recolonization of a Burnt Pine Forest (Pinus pinaster) by Edaphic Coleoptera." Entomologia Generalis 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/26/2002/17.
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Acuña-Tarazona, Margoth, Tarin Toledo-Aceves, Alejandro Flores-Palacios, Vinicio J. Sosa, and M. Luisa Martínez. "Post-stripping recolonization of vascular epiphytes in cloud-forest fragments in Mexico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 6 (August 12, 2015): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000395.
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Abstract:The response of vascular epiphyte communities following natural or human disturbance has been little studied. Over 5 y, we evaluated the post-stripping recolonization of vascular epiphytes in cloud forest. Vascular epiphytes were experimentally removed from branch and trunk plots (1 m in length) on five trees in two secondary cloud forest fragments in southern Mexico. Similarity between colonizer and established communities was compared in each fragment using a further five trees with no stripping. All seedlings were recorded yearly. Non-vascular epiphyte cover was estimated in each plot. The recolonization rate was very high; after 5 y, epiphyte density of the colonizer community (27.4 ± 6.8 individuals per segment) reached similar values to those of the established community (26.7 ± 3.3) in nearby trees. While similarity (composition and abundance) between the colonizer community and established community was high (81%), diversity accumulation curves indicated that the colonizer community presents a lower diversity of epiphytes (5.5 equivalent species) than the established community (11.4). Colonization of xerophytic bromeliads was high, while pteridophytes and orchids presented reduced recovery. The immediately surrounding source of propagules had a strong influence on recolonization. In both the colonizer and established communities, dominance rank was bromeliads > peperomias > pteridophytes. The results show that the recovery capacity of epiphytic vegetation in secondary forest is high, if propagule sources are close by. However, at 5 y after disturbance, it is unclear whether the colonizer community would present the same species composition as the established community or if it would give rise to a different community.
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Pérez-Luque, Antonio J., Francisco J. Bonet-García, and Regino Zamora. "Colonization Pattern of Abandoned Croplands by Quercus pyrenaica in a Mediterranean Mountain Region." Forests 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111584.
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Land abandonment is a major global change driver in the Mediterranean region, where anthropic activity has played an important role in shaping landscape configuration. Understanding the woodland expansion towards abandoned croplands is critical to develop effective management strategies. In this study, we analyze the colonization pattern of abandoned croplands by Quercus pyrenaica in the Sierra Nevada mountain range (southern Spain). We aimed to assess differences among populations within the rear edge of the Q. pyrenaica distribution. For this purpose, we characterized (i) the colonization pattern of Q. pyrenaica, (ii) the structure of the seed source (surrounding forests), and (iii) the abundance of the main seed disperser (Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius). The study was conducted in five abandoned croplands located in two representative populations of Q. pyrenaica located on contrasting slopes. Vegetation plots within three habitat types (mature forest, edge-forest and abandoned cropland) were established to compute the abundance of oak juveniles. The abundance of European jay was determined using data of bird censuses (covering 7 years). Our results indicate that a natural recolonization of abandoned croplands by Q. pyrenaica is occurring in the rear edge of the distribution of this oak species. Oak juvenile abundance varied between study sites. Neither the surrounding-forest structure nor the abundance of jays varied significantly between study sites. The differences in the recolonization patterns seem to be related to differences in the previous- and post-abandonment management.
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Brock, Rebecca Catherine, Andy Arnell, Will Simonson, Aline C. Soterroni, Aline Mosnier, Fernando Ramos, Alexandre Xavier Ywata de Carvalho, et al. "Implementing Brazil’s Forest Code: a vital contribution to securing forests and conserving biodiversity." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 6 (April 3, 2021): 1621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02159-x.
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AbstractMeeting Brazil’s ambitious national commitments on both climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation depends on securing its reserves of forest carbon and biodiversity. Brazil’s ‘Forest Code’ is a key tool to reconcile environmental preservation and agricultural production; it limits deforestation and requires forest restoration in illegally deforested areas. However, not all provisions of the law’s 2012 revision have yet been implemented and some are facing new challenges. Using modelled land use change projections for the whole of the country, we show that full implementation and enforcement of the law has the potential to contribute to conserving biodiversity. Biodiversity outcomes will be especially positive if (i) deforested areas are restored in ways that support recolonization by native species and (ii) additional measures are implemented to protect native vegetation in areas like Caatinga dry forests and Cerrado savannas, which may experience added pressure displaced from other regions by Forest Code implementation.
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Béguin, Claude. "La forêt de houx des Follatères | The Holly Forest of «Follatères»." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 152, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2001.0335.
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We analyse the appearance, development and dynamics of a new holly forest covering an area of more than 2000 m2 using phytosociological and ecological methods. The observed local change of vegetation, especially during the second half of the 20th century, within the limits of the recolonization of a former pasture area is seen as a sign of climatic change.
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Rood, Stewart B. "Unusual disturbance: forest change following a catastrophic debris flow in the Canadian Rocky Mountains." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-129.
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Trees are often well adapted to periodic physical disturbances such as fires or floods. However, I investigated forest response to an extremely unusual disturbance event. Following heavy rain in June 1995 a catastrophic debris flow from Vimy Peak in the Canadian Rocky Mountains terminated as an alluvial debris fan that plowed through a trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) grove. I analyzed the site over a decade to monitor forest response and determine whether there would be recolonization to the prior forest type. In contrast to my expectation, aspen recolonization did not occur; instead, black cottonwoods (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) colonized the site. These originated from seedlings and not through clonal propagation, and by 2004, black cottonwoods composed 99% of the saplings and were typically 0.61.4 m tall with a density of about 1/m2. The debris fan dramatically changed the physical environment, which partly resembled a floodplain depositional zone and was colonized by the regionally dominant riparian tree. I propose the concept of foreign disturbance to recognize an unusual disturbance that an organism would very rarely experience and thus to which it is unlikely to be adapted. In this example the disturbance produced an abrupt transition to an alternative forest type and this response may provide insight into forest response to other unusual disturbances, such as extreme weather events, that might increase with climate change.
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TWIGG, LAURIE E., and BARRY J. FOX. "Recolonization of regenerating open forest by terrestrial lizards following sand mining." Austral Ecology 16, no. 2 (June 1991): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1991.tb01041.x.
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Reinhardt Adams, Carrie, Christine Wiese, and Leah C. Lee. "Native recolonization following control of invasiveRuellia simplexin a cypress floodplain forest." Applied Vegetation Science 18, no. 4 (July 17, 2015): 694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12187.
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HOLLAND, GREG J., and ANDREW F. BENNETT. "Recolonization of forest fragments by a native rodent following experimental ‘extinctions’." Austral Ecology 36, no. 5 (September 28, 2010): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02182.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Forest recolonization"
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Peterson, Jennifer E. "The effects of forest harvest on bryophyte recolonization in a mixed forest in New Brunswick." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54639.pdf.
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Hast, John Tyler. "GENETIC DIVERSITY, STRUCTURE, AND RECOLONIZATION PATTERNS OF KENTUCKY BLACK BEARS." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/8.
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After nearly a century of absence, the black bear (Ursus americanus) reappeared in Kentucky during the late 20th century and has since increased in number. Recolonization of bears in the southeastern portion of the state was thought to have been caused by emigration of bears from adjacent states into the Commonwealth, while in the south-central area, bears originated, or natural recolonization may have been supplemented by the translocation of 14 individuals into the Big South Fork National River Recreation Area. To investigate the recolonization patterns of bears in Kentucky, I used 20 microsatellite loci to determine the genetic diversity and subpopulation structure of bears in the state, and quantified the relative influence of source populations of bears from neighboring states. Two genetically distinct populations of black bears were identified; Big South Fork and Cumberland Plateau. These populations were moderately diverged from each other and had levels of heterozygosity similar to other stable bear populations in North America. The Cumberland Plateau bear population originated from a combination of bears from both West Virginia and Virginia. In contrast, the Big South Fork population appeared to be almost entirely comprised of individuals from the translocated founders from Great Smoky Mountain National Park.
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Schmalholz, Martin. "Resistance and recolonization of bryophyte assemblages following disturbances : - detecting patterns and exploring mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38883.
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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Pranchai, Aor. "Spatial patterns and processes in a regenerating mangrove forest." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-171569.
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The global effort to rehabilitate and restore destroyed mangrove forests is unable to keep up with the high mangrove deforestation rates which exceed the average pace of global deforestation by three to five times. Our knowledge of the underlying processes of mangrove forest regeneration is too limited in order to find suitable techniques for the restoration of degraded mangrove areas. The general objective of my dissertation was to improve mangrove restoration by understanding regeneration processes and local plant-plant interaction in a regenerating Avicennia germinans forest.
The study was conducted in a high-shore mangrove forest area on the Ajuruteua peninsula, State of Para, Northern Brazil. The dwarf forest consisting of shrub-like trees is recovering from a stand-replacing event caused by a road construction in 1974 which interrupted the tidal inundation of the study area. Consequently, infrequent inundation and high porewater salinity limit tree growth and canopy closure.
All trees and seedlings were stem-mapped in six 20 m x 20 m plots which were located along a tree density gradient. Moreover, height, crown extent, basal stem diameter of trees were measured. The area of herbaceous ground vegetation and wood debris were mapped as well. The mapped spatial distribution of trees, seedlings and covariates was studied using point pattern analysis and point process models, such as Gibbs and Thomas point process, in order to infer underlying ecological processes, such as seed dispersal, seedling establishment, tree recruitment and tree interaction.
In the first study (chapter 2), I analyzed the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the seedling establishment and tree recruitment of A. germinans during the recolonization of severely degraded mangrove sites using point process modeling. Most seedlings established adjacent to adult trees especially under their crown cover. Moreover, seedling density was higher within patches of the herbaceous salt-marsh plants Blutaparon portulacoides and Sesuvium portulacastrum than in uncovered areas. The higher density of recruited A. germinans trees in herb patches indicated that ground vegetation did not negatively influence tree development of A. germinans. In addition, tree recruitment occurred in clusters. Coarse wood debris had no apparent effect on either life stage. These results confirm that salt-marsh vegetation acts as the starting point for mangrove recolonization and indicate that the positive interaction among trees accelerates forest regeneration.
In the second study (chapter 3), I analyzed how intraspecific interaction among A. germinans trees determines their growth and size under harsh environmental conditions. Interaction among a higher number of neighboring trees was positively related to the development of a focal tree. However, tree height, internode length and basal stem diameter were only positively associated in low-density forest stands (1.2 trees m-2) and not in forest stands of higher tree density (2.7 trees m-2). These results indicated a shift from facilitation, i.e. a positive effect of tree interaction, towards a balance between facilitation and competition.
In the third study (chapter 4), I used point process modeling and the individual-based model mesoFON to disentangle the impact of regeneration and interaction processes on the spatial distribution of seedlings and trees. In this infrequently inundated area, propagules of A. germinans are only dispersed at a maximum distance of 3 m from their parent tree. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the following seedling establishment is influenced by trees. I was able to differentiate positive and negative tree interactions simulated by the mangrove model mesoFON regardless of dispersal processes based on static tree size information using the mark-correlation function.
The results of this dissertation suggest that mangrove forest regeneration in degraded areas is a result of facilitative and not competitive interactions among mangrove trees, seedling and herbaceous vegetation. This has important implications for the restoration of degraded mangrove forest. Degraded mangrove areas are usually restored by planting a high number of evenly spaced seedlings. However, high costs constrain this approach to small areas. Assisting natural regeneration could be a less costly alternative. Herbaceous vegetation plays a crucial role in forest recolonization by entrapping propagules and possibly ameliorating harsh environmental conditions. So far only competition among mangrove trees has been considered during restoration. However, facilitative tree interactions could be utilized by planting seedling clusters in order to assist natural regeneration instead of planting seedlings evenly-spaced over large areas.
This dissertation also showed that point pattern analysis and point process modeling can enable forest ecologists to describe the spatial distribution of trees as well as to infer underlying ecological processes.
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Feltgen, Didier Lydie. "La limite supraforestière dans les Alpes : un nouveau regard sur sa structure et sa dynamique, à la lumière des successions post-pastorales et grâce à la théorie de la hiérarchie (l'exemple des gorges houillères en moyenne Maurienne, dans les Alpes françaises du Nord)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10063.
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L'ecotone supraforestier a longtemps ete decrit comme une simple limite physionomique entre etages de vegetation et un seuil ecophysiologique en reponse au gradient altitudinal de temperature. La complexite des interactions biotiques et abiotiques au sein de l'ecotone et l'heterogeneite des situations actuelles de recolonisation dans l'etage subalpin superieur, initiees par l'abandon de pratiques pastorales millenaires, suscitent une revision de ce modele lineaire. Les theories modernes de l'ecologie fournissent les outils conceptuels pour une interpretation pluriscalaire et spatialisee de la structure et de la dynamique de l'ecotone. Une approche morphologique et hierarchique est proposee pour analyser les patrons spatio-temporels de la recolonisation dans un secteur des alpes francaises particulierement touche par la deprise et ou cohabitent le pin cembro, le meleze, l'epicea et le pin a crochets. Elle est fondee sur l'etude, a plusieurs echelles, de structures a fonction ecologique determinante pour la dynamique ligneuse : modeles, lisieres, agregats biologiques. Aux niveaux d'observation superieurs, la geomorphologie est ainsi mise a parite avec la phytoecologie, ce qui debouche notamment sur une cartographie integree d'apres photo-interpretation et une typologie phyto-morphologique de la mosaique paysagere. A l'echelle de la station, des perspectives theoriques et techniques pour une evaluation des potentialites forestieres s'ouvrent grace a la micromorphologie des humus. Au terme de la demarche descendante et d'un echantillonnage cible sur les lisieres forestieres, la grande diversite de trajectoires dynamiques mises en evidence est resumee par quatre modeles dynamiques, fondes sur le comportement differencie des essences forestieres en reponse aux contraintes des niveaux superieurs. Ces contraintes sont fortement liees a l'occupation humaine, la dynamique actuelle et passee ainsi que l'exposition des versants. Ces composantes spatiales et historiques induisent une differenciation majeure de la transformation des paysages. Elles font de l'ecocomplexe un niveau integrateur de l'heterogeneite des interfaces et un niveau incontournable pour la reformulation de la question de la fluctuation de la limite supraforestiere dans les domaines de la simulation et de la gestion.
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Petetin, Anne. "Relations climat-sol-végétation dans le Trièves-Beaumont, zone de transition des Alpes occidentales ; application : typologie forestière et productivité du sapin." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10086.
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Cette etude des relations climat-sol-vegetation a pour objectif de preciser les potentialites et la plasticite ecologique du sapin (abies alba, mill. ) dans une region de transition des alpes occidentales, le trieves-beaumont. Le sapin s'etend en effet vers les basses altitudes, suite a la recolonisation forestiere, sans que le sylviculteur soit certain de l'adequation des conditions ecologiques, en regard des exigences en humidite de cette espece. La position biogeographique de la region a d'abord du etre precisee, puis l'examen des differentes formations forestieres a permis de reveler la structuration ecologique de la vegetation et de preciser les limites stationnelles du sapin, avant la confirmation des resultats en termes fonctionnels, par l'etude de la productivite. Principal resultat, l'aspect meridional de la region se traduit directement dans la hierarchie des variables ecologiques, par l'influence des expositions et la preponderance du facteur hydrique, qui dictent la repartition des ecosystemes et la productivite des peuplements forestiers
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CARRARI, ELISA. "Legacy effects of former charcoal kiln sites on the forest vegetation of a Mediterranean area." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1040500.
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The objective of the reasearch was analysing the long-term effects of the centennial activity of charcoal production on forest ecosystems of the Mediterranean area. The study is structured in order to achieve three main aims: i) evaluating the impact of kiln sites on the forest vegetation (tree, shrubs and herbaceous species) in relation to abiotic factors; ii) examine the effects of the charcoal-enriched kiln site soil on the early life stages of major forest trees; iii) quantifying and characterizing the legacy of such activity at the landscape level, through the analysis of the distribution and morphology of production sites in different environments of central Italy .
The research was carried out in three forest types traditionally exploited for wood charcoal production, sclerophyllous maquis, mixed oak forest and beech forest. In a first exploratory study, we examined tree regeneration and understorey vegetation on a sample of 61 kiln sites, abandoned at least 60 years ago, together with the main soil characteristics and light conditions. At the same time, an experimental work was performed by setting up a common garden to compare germination, growth and mortality in three major forest trees (Quercus ilex, Q. cerris, Fagus sylvatica) grown on soil of kiln sites and control sites. Finally, an inventory work was carried out in sample quadrats using field surveys and LIDAR data, to determine the density, size, surface and other morphological parameters of kiln sites in the three forest types. In the first two studies we found a negative effect of kiln sites on tree regeneration and forest recolonization, whereas the understorey vegetation was positively influenced in terms of species diversity, compositional variations and biomass production. These effects are related to variations in the characteristics of soil and light, also influenced by the kiln sites. The common garden experiment showed that the responses of forest trees to kiln site soil are different, in some cases contrasting, or weak. The inventory study showed that, compared to other European countries, kiln sites are denser but smaller and with different morphology, also in terms of soil profile, with some differences between forest types. Such differences are probably due to the different methods of preparation and the different purposes for which they were made.
Charcoal kiln sites are one of the most striking legacies left by the millennial human activity in the Mediterranean woodlands. This study shows that such sites have persistent effects on the vegetation via changes in soil and light conditions. Hence, they represent ecological “micro-islands” of anthropic origin that increase the diversity and fine-scale heterogeneity of the forest ecosystem. The relatively high number of these sites and their total area per unit surface suggest that the magnitude of their effects at the forest level may not be negligible.
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Cremer, Eva [Verfasser]. "Population genetics of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Northern Black Forest : preconditions for the recolonization of windthrow areas and associated ectomycorrhizal communities / vorgelegt von Eva Cremer." 2009. http://d-nb.info/995880441/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Forest recolonization"
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Mark, James, and Paul Betts, eds. Socialism Goes Global. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848857.001.0001.
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This collectively written work is the first major monograph to situate Eastern Europe within the global history of decolonization. As the site of the first imperial collapses of the twentieth century, the establishment of the anti-colonial Soviet Union, and a subsequent recolonization under Nazi Empire, the region had long been connected to global processes of imperial defence and dissolution. The heart of the book concerns the Cold War period, when contacts between a Communist Eastern Europe and Latin America, Africa and Asia dramatically intensified in the name of making a new world after Empire. A common embrace of socialist modernization and anti-imperial culture beyond the West helped further to develop solidarities across continents. At the same time, the spirit of proletarian internationalism did not efface differences of race and culture, and anti-imperialist ideology would eventually be turned back in revolt against the Soviet Union. To explore the rise and fall of this global project, we scrutinize encounters across many different fields—from health to archaeology, and from economic development to the arts—and through many protagonists—from students to soldiers and from doctors to labour migrants. As forces in the region once again challenge western liberal world-making, so a global history of Eastern Europe’s evolving relationship between a colonial West and anti-colonial world becomes ever more relevant.
Book chapters on the topic "Forest recolonization"
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Klemens, Jeffrey A., Nicholas J. Deacon, and Jeannine Cavender-Bares. "Pasture Recolonization by a Tropical Oak and the Regeneration Ecology of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests." In Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests, 221–37. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-021-7_13.
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Longeard, Pauline, Pauline Belliard, Sugahendni Nadarajah, Antonella Massaiu, Antoine Pieri, Frederic Morandini, Marie-Cécile Andrei-Ruiz, and Lila Ferrat. "Impact of prescribed burning on soil organism communities in a Pinus laricio forest." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1475–80. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_225.
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The objective of this preliminary study is to highlight the potential impacts of prescribed fire on soil organism communities in Pinus laricio forests, a species endemic to Corsica. For this purpose, a control plot, and a plot burned on 10th November 2020, were delimited in Bavella (South Corsica). The intensity of the burning was characterized using K-Type thermocouples at different depths in the soil. Soil organisms were collected with pitfall trap and Berlèse method, then identified to the order. Results show a decrease of all orders on the burned plot, with important potential of survival of the organisms in the soil, since heat transfer is weak (+10°C max at 3cm depth) and the burned surfaces heterogeneous. A rapid recolonization is indeed observed in the spring. The contribution of organic matter, minerals, and free ecological niches could encourage this phenomenon. In order to better understand the heterogeneity of the plots and to highlight the specificities of Pinus laricio forests, a study at the sub-plot level is in progress, as well as an identification of organisms up to the family level.
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"From Catastrophe to Recovery: Stories of Fishery Management Success." In From Catastrophe to Recovery: Stories of Fishery Management Success, edited by Chris O. Yoder, Edward T. Rankin, Vickie L. Gordon, Lon E. Hersha, and Charles E. Boucher. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874554.ch10.
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<i>Abstract</i>.â€â€A 37-year series of standardized fish assessments in the Scioto River (Ohio, USA) since 1979 coupled with historical information documents a near complete recovery from heavily polluted conditions in the late 19th and early to mid-20th centuries. Nearly 100 fish species were extirpated downstream from the city of Columbus (Ohio, USA) by sewage and industrial pollution. The 1972 amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act) mandated the control of sewage and industrial pollution. Reductions in loadings of untreated or poorly treated sewage were incremental. Full recovery to near-prepollution composition and abundance took more than two decades after advanced wastewater treatment was achieved. Unpolluted tributaries served as recolonization sources for populations of extirpated species. These positive changes extended across all fish assemblage members as evidenced by increased values of the Ohio index of biotic integrity; modified index of well-being; native species richness, density, and biomass; and the reduced incidence of external anomalies on fish. These restoration successes and their documentation were facilitated by the Clean Water Act that set forth the goals for water quality standards and treatment technology for reducing water pollution and conducting baseline and follow-up monitoring. An important lesson learned was that serious doubts that existed in the 1970s about the feasibility of advanced wastewater treatment technology and the attainability of water quality standards in an effluent dominated river were completely erased by the demonstrated improvements in the fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Scioto River. The extent of improvements in recreational opportunities have tracked that of the biota by an increased use for fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and related forms of recreation. However, maintaining these improvements will require continuation of high levels of wastewater treatment and water quality standards. A growing human population that is forecast to increase by one-half million persons by 2050 makes maintaining the currently high levels of biological integrity a continuing challenge. Given the lessons learned with the mosaic of stressors in the Scioto River over the past 150 years, we believe this challenge can be met successfully.