Journal articles: 'Forest policy Australia'

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Brand, David G. "Forest management in New South Wales, Australia." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73578-5.

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Forest management policy in New South Wales, Australia, has been dramatically changing during the past two decades in response to public controversy and widening expectations of the values that the forest should provide to society. The nature of NSW forest management today is a reflection of the unique Australian forest ecology, the nature of the forest sector, and the emergence of conflict and polarized views on forest management in the past two decades. Recent efforts have made progress in resolving the forest debate. The key elements have included an expanded protected areas reserve system, expanded reliance on plantation forests for wood supply, increased wood security for native forest industries in return for a commitment to value-adding and the implementation of an ecologically sustainable forest management framework. Like other Australian States, NSW is currently negotiating Regional Forest Agreements with the Commonwealth Government that will set the stage for future directions in forest management. Key words: forest policy, Australia, New South Wales forest management

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Evans, Megan C. "Deforestation in Australia: drivers, trends and policy responses." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 2 (2016): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15052.

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Australia’s terrestrial environment has been dramatically modified since European colonisation. Deforestation – the clearing and modification of native forest for agricultural, urban and industrial development – remains a significant threat to Australia’s biodiversity. Substantial policy reform over the last 40 years has delivered a range of policy instruments aimed to control deforestation across all Australian States and Territories. Despite these policy efforts – as well as strong governance and high institutional capacity – deforestation rates in Australia were nonetheless globally significant at the turn of this century. Legislation introduced in Queensland and New South Wales during the mid-2000s was at the time seen to have effectively ended broad-scale clearing; however, recent policy changes have raised concerns that Australia may again become a global hotspot for deforestation. Here, I describe the deforestation trends, drivers and policy responses in Australia over the last four decades. Using satellite imagery of forest cover and deforestation events across Australia between 1972 and 2014, I present a comprehensive analysis of deforestation rates at a fine resolution. I discuss trends in deforestation with reference to the institutional, macroeconomic and environmental conditions that are associated with human-induced forest loss in Australia. I provide a detailed history and critique of the native vegetation policies introduced across Australia over the last 40 years, including recent legislative amendments and reviews. Finally, I comment on future prospects for curbing deforestation in Australia, including the role of incentive-based policies such as carbon farming, private land conservation and biodiversity offsets. Despite being a highly active policy space, very little is known of the effectiveness of policy responses to deforestation in Australia, and whether the recent shift away from ‘command and control’ policies will necessarily lead to better outcomes. My analysis demonstrates the need for an effective policy mix to curb deforestation in Australia, including a greater focus on monitoring, evaluation and policy learning.

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Kennedy, R. W. "Recent developments in forest policy in Australia." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69040-1.

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Whitehouse, John F. "East Australian Rain-forests: A Case-study in Resource Harvesting and Conservation." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 1 (1991): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900021263.

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Human interactions with rain-forest on the Australian continent have played, and will continue to play, a vital role in their distribution and survival. The presence and significance of rain-forest in Australia lies in the evolutionary history of the Australian plate since the break-up of the Gondwanan supercontinent. Its continued survival and distribution illustrates and encapsulates the history of plant evolution and biogeography in Australia.Since human arrival in Australia at least 40,000 years ago, human interactions with rain-forest have been marked by a number of phases — ranging from Aboriginal use of rain-forest resources to the impetus given by the hunt for the prized Red Cedar, and from the early European settlement on the east coast of Australia in the midto late-19th century to the wholesale clearing of rain forests for agricultural settlement and dairying in the late 19th century. In more modern times, human interactions with rain-forest have focused on adapting forest management techniques to rain-forest logging, restructuring the native forest timber industry in the face of mechanization, changing markets and resource constraints, convulsions as a result of conservationist challenges in Terania Creek and Daintree, and finally the implications of conserving rain-forests in the context of natural processes including fire, climate change, and the impact of human visitors and their recreation.The course of the controversies over rain-forest conservation in Australia has meant that rain-forest logging either has been dramatically curtailed or is in the process of generally ceasing. The protection of rainforests from logging and forestry operations in the future seems secure, given the widespread community support for rain-forest conservation. Threats to rain-forest conservation in the future are likely to be found in more subtle processes: the impact of fire regimes on the spread and contractions of rain-forests, the impacts of exotic species such as Lantana (Lantana camara) and Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), the impacts of human uses through tourism and recreation, the diminution of the viability of isolated pockets by ‘edge effects’, and the damage to the remaining stands on freehold property by conflicting land-uses.Overlying all of these potential threats is the impact of global climate change. Climate change since the Tertiary has reduced the once widespread rain-forest communities of Australia practically to the status of relicts in refugia. Will the remaining rain-forests be able to withstand the projected human-induced climate changes of the future?

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A. McAlpine, C., A. Peterson, and P. Norman. "The South East Queensland Forests Agreement: Lessons for Biodiversity Conservation." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 1 (2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050003.

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In Australia, regional forest agreements formed the cornerstone of strategies for resolving disputes over the logging of native forests in the last decade of the twentieth century. These disputes, driven by an increasingly vocal and influential conservation movement, coincided with changes in the nature of relationships between Commonwealth and State Governments, with the Commonwealth adopting an increasing role in environmental management (Lane 1999). Following very public disputes about the renewal of export woodchip licenses from native forests (which culminated in log truck blockades of the Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra), the Commonwealth Government adopted regional forest agreements as the mechanism for achieving sustainable management of Australia?s native hardwood forests. This was underpinned by the National Forest Policy Statement (Commonwealth of Australia 1992), which outlined principles for ecologically sustainable management of the nation?s production forests. The Commonwealth and several State Governments reached agreement to develop regional forest agreements (RFAs) for the long-term management and use of forests in ten regions (Fig. 1) (Commonwealth of Australia 2004). Key goals of the agreement were to: reconcile competing commercial, ecological and societal demands on forests in a way that was consistent with the principles and goals of ecologically sustainable forest management (Davey et al. 1997, 2002; Lane 1999); and to establish a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system, based on the nationallyagreed JANIS criteria (JANIS 1997).

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Hickey, Gordon M. "Polarized debate surrounding Tasmania’s old-growth forests." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85762-5.

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The debate surrounding Tasmania’s old-growth forests in 2004 represents a good example of a situation where, despite both sides of a highly polarized policy field drawing on science to support their world view (to varying degrees), little common ground was found to enable robust and shared discussions that were required to resolve the conflict and collectively define a sustainable future for Tasmania’s old-growth forests. This paper reviews the scientific and policy-related literature on old-growth eucalypt forests and outlines recent developments in old-growth forest policy in Tasmania. It describes the highly polarized public policy debate surrounding Tasmania’s old-growth forests in the lead up to the 2004 Federal election, and considers the challenges posed by polarized democratic debate when developing public policy. It then considers the different dimensions of forest-related scientific knowledge and discusses the role of science in informing and resolving the polarized old growth debate in Tasmania. Key words: Sustainable forest management, strategy, politics, research, government, Australia

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Wang, M.-Z., and J. R. Merrick. "Urban forest corridors in Australia: Policy, management and technology." Natural Resources Forum 37, no. 3 (June 25, 2013): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12021.

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8

Bowman, DMJS, and L. Mcdonough. "Feral Pig (Sus Scrofa) Rooting in a Monsoon Forest-Wetland Transition, Northern Australia." Wildlife Research 18, no. 6 (1991): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910761.

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A grid of 447 cells (each 50x50 m) was set up in a wet monsoon rain forest on a gradual slope above the Adelaide River floodplain in the Australian Northern Territory. Surveys of pig (Sus scrofa) rooting were carried out at approximately 3-month intervals from November 1988 to September 1989. The pigs had only limited effects on the forest in both the wet and dry seasons. The seasonally flooded swamp communities (Melaleuca forest and sedgeland) were primarily exploited in the dry season; dryland communities ([Eucalyptus] and Lophostemon forests) were exploited during the wet season. Rainfall during the previous wet season may have influenced the pattern of rooting in the dryland forests. Rooting and ground cover were weakly positively related in 3 out of the 4 surveys.

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Woinarski, J. C. Z., B. Rankmore, B. Hill, A. D. Griffiths, A. Stewart, and B. Grace. "Fauna assemblages in regrowth vegetation in tropical open forests of the Northern Territory, Australia." Wildlife Research 36, no. 8 (2009): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08128.

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Context. World-wide, primary forest is in decline. This places increasing importance on understanding the use by biodiversity of regrowth (secondary) forest, and on the management of such regrowth. Aims. This study aimed to compare the terrestrial vertebrate assemblages in tropical eucalypt forests, regrowth in these forests (following clearing for pastoral intensification) and cleared land without regrowth, to provide evidence for developing management guidelines for regrowth vegetation in a region (the Daly catchment of the Northern Territory) subject to increasing demands for land-use intensification. Methods. The terrestrial vertebrate fauna was surveyed consistently at 43 quadrats sampling forest, 38 sampling regrowth and 19 sampling cleared land (formerly forest), and the faunal composition was compared with ordination and analysis of variance. Further analysis used generalised linear modelling to include consideration of the relative importance of disturbance (condition) of quadrats. Key results. Faunal assemblages in regrowth vegetation were found to be intermediate between cleared land and intact forest, and converged towards the faunal assemblage typical of intact forest with increase in the canopy height of the regrowth. However, even the tallest regrowth quadrats that were sampled supported relatively few hollow-associated species. The management of fire, weeds and grazing pressure substantially affected the faunal assemblages of the set of regrowth and intact forest quadrats, in many cases being a more important determinant of faunal attributes than was whether or not the quadrat had been cleared. Conclusions. In this region, regrowth vegetation has value as habitat for fauna, with this value increasing as the regrowth structure increases. The convergence of the faunal composition of regrowth vegetation to that of intact forest may be substantially affected by post-clearing management factors (including fire regime and level of grazing pressure and weed infestation). Implications. Regrowth vegetation should be afforded appropriate regulatory protection, with the level of protection increasing as the regrowth increases in stature.

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Lindenmayer, David, and Chris Taylor. "Diversifying Forest Landscape Management—A Case Study of a Shift from Native Forest Logging to Plantations in Australian Wet Forests." Land 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030407.

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Natural forests have many ecological, economic and other values, and sustaining them is a challenge for policy makers and forest managers. Conventional approaches to forest management such as those based on maximum sustained yield principles disregard fundamental tenets of ecological sustainability and often fail. Here we describe the failure of a highly regulated approach to forest management focused on intensive wood production in the mountain ash forests of Victoria, Australia. Poor past management led to overcutting with timber yields too high to be sustainable and failing to account for uncertainties. Ongoing logging will have negative impacts on biodiversity and water production, alter fire regimes, and generate economic losses. This means there are few options to diversify forest management. The only ecologically and economically viable option is to cease logging mountain ash forests altogether and transition wood production to plantations located elsewhere in the state of Victoria. We outline general lessons for diversifying land management from our case study.

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Metcalfe, Daniel J., and Matt G. Bradford. "Rain forest recovery from dieback, Queensland, Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 256, no. 12 (December 2008): 2073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.040.

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Kelly, Luke T., and Andrew F. Bennett. "Habitat requirements of the yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes) in box - ironbark forest, Victoria, Australia." Wildlife Research 35, no. 2 (2008): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07088.

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Understanding the habitat requirements of a species is critical for effective conservation-based management. In this study, we investigated the influence of forest structure on the distribution of the yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes), a small dasyurid marsupial characteristic of dry forests on the inland side of the Great Dividing Range, Australia. Hair-sampling tubes were used to determine the occurrence of A. flavipes at 60 sites stratified across one of the largest remaining tracts of dry box–ironbark forest in south-eastern Australia. We considered the role of six potential explanatory variables: large trees, hollow-bearing trees, coppice hollows, logs, rock cover and litter. Logistic regression models were examined using an information-theoretic approach to determine the variables that best explained the presence or absence of the species. Hierarchical partitioning was employed to further explore relationships between occurrence of A. flavipes and explanatory variables. Forest structure accounted for a substantial proportion of the variation in occurrence of A. flavipes between sites. The strongest influence on the presence of A. flavipes was the cover of litter at survey sites. The density of hollow-bearing trees and rock cover were also positive influences. The conservation of A. flavipes will be enhanced by retention of habitat components that ensure a structurally complex environment in box–ironbark forests. This will also benefit the conservation of several threatened species in this dry forest ecosystem.

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Fletcher, Michael-Shawn, Anthony Romano, Simon Connor, Michela Mariani, and Shira Yoshi Maezumi. "Catastrophic Bushfires, Indigenous Fire Knowledge and Reframing Science in Southeast Australia." Fire 4, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4030061.

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The catastrophic 2019/2020 Black Summer bushfires were the worst fire season in the recorded history of Southeast Australia. These bushfires were one of several recent global conflagrations across landscapes that are homelands of Indigenous peoples, homelands that were invaded and colonised by European nations over recent centuries. The subsequent suppression and cessation of Indigenous landscape management has had profound social and environmental impacts. The Black Summer bushfires have brought Indigenous cultural burning practices to the forefront as a potential management tool for mitigating climate-driven catastrophic bushfires in Australia. Here, we highlight new research that clearly demonstrates that Indigenous fire management in Southeast Australia produced radically different landscapes and fire regimes than what is presently considered “natural”. We highlight some barriers to the return of Indigenous fire management to Southeast Australian landscapes. We argue that to adequately address the potential for Indigenous fire management to inform policy and practice in managing Southeast Australian forest landscapes, scientific approaches must be decolonized and shift from post-hoc engagement with Indigenous people and perspectives to one of collaboration between Indigenous communities and scientists.

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Lindenmayer, David. "Salvage harvesting – past lessons and future issues." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82048-1.

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The increasing prevalence and/or increasing intensity of large-scale natural disturbance events in forests means that post-disturbance salvage logging is becoming more widespread. Salvage logging can have a wide range of environmental impacts, but some of these are not well known or not well understood by policy makers and natural resource managers. Some of these impacts are briefly summarized in this paper. Improved long-term forest planning needs to be embraced that takes into account the not only the environmental but also the social and environmental impacts of salvage harvesting. Past mistakes and future opportunities associated with salvage harvesting are illustrated by a case study from the Lower Cotter Catchment in south-eastern Australia. Key words: salvage harvesting, natural disturbance, environmental impacts, ecologically sustainable forestry, forest planning, long-term forest sustainability

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Bull, Lyndall, and Derek Thompson. "Developing forest sinks in Australia and the United States — A forest owner's prerogative." Forest Policy and Economics 13, no. 5 (June 2011): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2011.03.005.

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Loxton, E., J. Schirmer, and P. Kanowski. "Social impacts of forest policy changes in Western Australia on members of the natural forest industry: implications for policy goals and decision-making processes." Forestry 87, no. 3 (April 8, 2014): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpu011.

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Baker, Sue, and Bonnie Lauck. "Association of common brown froglets, Crinia signifera, with clearcut forest edges in Tasmania, Australia." Wildlife Research 33, no. 1 (2006): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04120.

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We examined the response of the common brown froglet, Crinia signifera, to recently clearcut forest edges in Tasmanian wet Eucalyptus obliqua forest. We established transects of pitfall traps crossing coupe edges, within coupes, and within mature forest interiors (riparian and non-riparian) at three study sites. Pitfall captures of C. signifera were greatest at the immediate logged forest edge (which corresponded with a firebreak constructed as part of standard clearfell, burn and sow silvicultural practices in Tasmania). Capture rates were lower in both the coupe interior and the immediate unlogged forest edge and declined to negligible numbers in the unlogged forest interior. Edge penetration was estimated to be generally 50–100 m. We suggest that Tasmania’s current management of wet forest may provide additional habitat for C. signifera by changing the age structure of the forest and providing additional forest edge/firebreak habitat. However, C. signifera is common and disturbance tolerant, and thus these findings should not be extrapolated to other Australian frog species that may be disadvantaged by current logging practices.

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Hickey, G. M., and S. Citroen. "A review of the Sustainable Forest Management framework in Victoria, Australia: an innovative example of sub-national forest policy." International Forestry Review 9, no. 4 (December 2007): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/ifor.9.4.901.

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Parris, Kirsten M. "The distribution and habitat requirements of the great barred frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus)." Wildlife Research 29, no. 5 (2002): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01107.

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The great barred frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus) is a common, ground-dwelling frog from the forests of eastern Australia, with a wide geographic distribution extending from mid-east Queensland to southern New South Wales. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the distribution and habitat requirements of M. fasciolatus, using data collected during a stratified survey across its geographic and environmental range. I found M. fasciolatus at 55 of 124 sites, and in all areas of forest surveyed except for Girraween National Park in Queensland and the southern highlands of New South Wales. I detected 42 other species of frogs during the survey, including the introduced cane toad (Bufo marinus). Statistical habitat modelling indicated that in forests within its climatic range, M. fasciolatus was most likely to occur in wetter forests (wet sclerophyll forest and rainforest), in areas with lower precipitation and intermediate temperatures in the warmest (summer) quarter of the year. When present at a site, the number of individuals of M. fasciolatus detected during a survey (a measure of relative abundance) was predicted to decrease with increasing summer precipitation. This frog survey represents one of the largest ever undertaken in Australia, with a study area of 125�000 km2, and 124 survey sites in 21 State Forests and nine National Parks. Field data collected during the study and the resulting habitat models provide a baseline against which future changes in the distribution or abundance of M. fasciolatus may be assessed.

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Parker, Paul K. "Australian Rain-forest Subdivisions and Conservation Strategies." Environmental Conservation 14, no. 1 (1987): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900011085.

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The subdivision of Australian tropical rain-forest into one- and two-hectares' residential blocks changes the local ecology in a dramatic manner. It opens the canopy, changes the humidity regime, decimates ancient climax vegetation, and introduces weed species. As a result, the practice is incompatible with the objectives alike of the World Conservation Strategy and the National Conservation Strategy for Australia. Government intervention will be required if the Strategy is to be implemented. The first step towards implementation is the evaluation of current and proposed practices. A brief analysis of the incidence of costs and benefits demonstrates the skewed distribution which results from rain-forest subdivision. A few sellers and promoters receive millions of dollars in capital gains, while millions of other people lose the public and recreational benefits offered by the existing rain-forest, and the world as a whole loses much of scientific value. The information gained by this brief analysis provides the Government with a better basis on which to act than heretofore.

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Abbott, Ian, and Kim Whitford. "Conservation of vertebrate fauna using hollows in forests of south-west Western Australia: strategic risk assessment in relation to ecology, policy, planning, and operations management." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 4 (2001): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020240.

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Forty-two vertebrate species use hollows in live standing trees in the forests of south-west Westem Australia. We determined the reliance of each of these species on hollows in standing trees, assessed the relative frequency of occurrence of suitable hollows (based on the size of hollow and hollow entry), and further categorized species by the size of their home range and their current dependence on publicly-owned forest. No species was identified as being at high or immediate risk of decline. Eight species (6 bird, 2 mammal) were identified as excellent candidates for monitoring, with one species (Trichosurus vulpecula) most likely to provide the earliest indication of any critical reduction in the long-term supply of large hollows at small spatial scales. Past impacts of Aborigines and Europeans on populations of the larger species are likely to have been substantial, as these were hunted for food and trapped for fur. Hollow-using species are considered at present to be adequately safeguarded by: extensive areas of forest reserved from logging; science-based prescriptions mandating the retention of trees in Jarrah Eucalyptus marginata forest available for timber harvesting; a forest-wide baiting program to reduce predation by the introduced Red fox Vulpes vulpes; and a 70 year tradition of adaptive forest management. The recovery of populations of medium-sized mammal species following control of foxes will provide an opportunity to re-assess the adequacy of current hollow-management strategies. Future research should include modelling of stand structure, determining the home range of priority species, and assessing the extent of overlap of home ranges. Monitoring of indicator hollow-using species should take place at landscape scales.

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Haywood, Andrew, Andrew Mellor, and Christine Stone. "A strategic forest inventory for public land in Victoria, Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 367 (May 2016): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.02.026.

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Woinarski, JCZ, and N. Gambold. "Gradient analysis of a tropical herpetofauna: distribution patterns of terrestrial reptiles and amphibians in Stage III of Kakadu National Park, Australia." Wildlife Research 19, no. 2 (1992): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920105.

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The herpetofauna of Stage 111 of Kakadu National Park comprises 102 native reptile species and 24 native frog species. Distribution patterns of this herpetofauna are described in relation to derived environmental axes. Most species were associated with a gradient of substrate and moisture availability. Few species were associated with a gradient of vegetation structure. The reptile fauna included a distinctive assemblage restricted to rocky sandstone escarpment, a virtually ubiquitous group of species, an open-forest/woodland assemblage, a lowland wet forest assemblage, and several species with idiosyncratic ranges. Species richness was highest in rocky areas, and this was particularly so for geckos. The frog fauna also included a distinctive sandstone assemblage, as well as a lowland clay-flat assemblage, a wet forest assemblage and two species with idiosyncratic ranges. For most taxonomic subsets considered there is a pattern of species replacement along the derived environmental gradient. The herpetofauna of monsoon forests is depauperate.

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Treby, DonnaLouise, JamesGuy Castley, and Jean-Marc Hero. "Forest Conservation Policy Implementation Gaps: Consequences for the Management of Hollow-bearing Trees in Australia." Conservation and Society 12, no. 1 (2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.132122.

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Lindenmayer, DB. "Wildlife Corridors and the Mitigation of Logging Impacts on Fauna in Wood-Production Forests in South-Eastern Australia: a Review." Wildlife Research 21, no. 3 (1994): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940323.

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Retained systems of linear habitat or wildlife corridors are used widely in Australian temperate wood-production forests as a strategy to mitigate the effects of logging on populations of animals. Investigations of corridors in Australian forests are limited and there are few data to determine whether such approaches will be effective for the long-term conservation of forest fauna. However, a review of the range of studies completed to date indicates that many factors have the potential to influence the use of corridors by wildlife. These include: (1) the biology, ecology and life history of species; (2) habitat suitability and attributes (width, length) of retained strips; (3) the location of sites in the landscape; (4) the type of logging operations and their intensity and pattern at a landscape scale; (5) the suitability of habitats for fauna in the areas surrounding retained strips; and (6) the value for fauna of reserves connected by corridors. This diverse array of factors means that it is important to identify explicitly both the species targeted for conservation and the principal objectives of establishing a network of wildlife corridors within a given area of wood-production forest. Such an analysis may reveal that, within the constraints that typically apply in timber-production forests, it may not be possible to design corridor systems that conserve all of those species that are vulnerable to the effects of timber harvesting. As a result of limited data, it is presently not possible to assess the adequacy of most prescriptions for wildlife corridors. Consequently, more investigations of wildlife corridors are required to provide data to guide their design. Until these studies are completed, a conservative approach to forest management is recommended.

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Horwitz, Pierre, and Michael Calver. "Credible Science? Evaluating the Regional Forest Agreement Process in Western Australia." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 5, no. 4 (January 1998): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.1998.10648420.

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Hohnen, Rosemary, Karleah Berris, Pat Hodgens, Josh Mulvaney, Brenton Florence, Brett P. Murphy, Sarah M. Legge, Chris R. Dickman, and John C. Z. Woinarski. "Pre-eradication assessment of feral cat density and population size across Kangaroo Island, South Australia." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19137.

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Abstract Context Feral cats (Felis catus) are a significant threat to wildlife in Australia and globally. In Australia, densities of feral cats vary across the continent and also between the mainland and offshore islands. Densities on small islands may be at least an order of magnitude higher than those in adjacent mainland areas. To provide cat-free havens for biodiversity, cat-control and eradication programs are increasingly occurring on Australian offshore islands. However, planning such eradications is difficult, particularly on large islands where cat densities could vary considerably. Aims In the present study, we examined how feral cat densities vary among three habitats on Kangaroo Island, a large Australian offshore island for which feral cat eradication is planned. Methods Densities were compared among the following three broad habitat types: forest, forest–farmland boundaries and farmland. To detect cats, three remote-camera arrays were deployed in each habitat type, and density around each array was calculated using a spatially explicit capture–recapture framework. Key results The average feral cat density on Kangaroo Island (0.37 cats km−2) was slightly higher than that on the Australian mainland. Densities varied from 0.06 to 3.27 cats km−2 and were inconsistent within broad habitat types. Densities were highest on farms that had a high availability of macropod and sheep carcasses. The relationship between cat density and the proportion of cleared land in the surrounding area was weak. The total feral cat population of Kangaroo Island was estimated at 1629±661 (mean±s.e.) individuals. Conclusions Cat densities on Kangaroo Island are highly variable and may be locally affected by factors such as prey and carrion availability. Implications For cat eradication to be successful, resources must be sufficient to control at least the average cat density (0.37 cats km−2), with additional effort around areas of high carcass availability (where cats are likely to be at a higher density) potentially also being required.

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H. Loyn, Richard. "Birds in patches of old-growth ash forest, in a matrix of younger forest." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 2 (1998): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980111.

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Birds were studied at 57 sites in Mountain Ash forests in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia in spring and summer 1995/96. The sites represented 41 patches of old-growth forest (up to 390 ha in size) in a matrix of regrowth mostly from severe fires in 1939 (57 years previously), with multiple sites in the four largest patches of old-growth and eight sites in 1939 regrowth. Relative bird abundance was assessed by an area-search technique. Generalized linear modelling was used to develop predictive models by regressing abundance of groups of bird species against patch size, isolation and some basic habitat and context variables. Total bird abundance (of all species combined) tended to be higher in old-growth patches than in 1939 regrowth, but not significantly. There was no trend in total abundance with patch size or isolation. Fruit-eating birds tended to be commonest in small patches. Bark-foragers and uncommon birds favoured large patches, though the latter were most common in 1939 regrowth. More variation was explained by habitat and context variables such as aspect, altitude and forest structure. Unevenaged forest structure was often associated with small patches. It was concluded that old-growth forest patches can have similar values per hectare for forest birds whether they are large or small. The regrowth forest matrix appears to protect small patches from factors which reduce densities of forest birds in small forest patches in farmland. The data support the current policy of retaining all old-growth ash forest patches. A range of factors should be considered in selecting regrowth stands of various sizes to regrow as old forest of the future, including their intrinsic potential to develop particular habitats and produce a mix of forest stuctures in the landscape.

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Pharo, E. J., D. A. Meagher, and D. B. Lindenmayer. "Bryophyte persistence following major fire in eucalypt forest of southern Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 296 (May 2013): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.018.

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Wardell-Johnson, G. W., M. R. Williams, A. E. Mellican, and A. Annells. "Floristic patterns and disturbance history in karri forest, south-western Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 199, no. 2-3 (October 2004): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.057.

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Garcia, Beatriz, and Jonathan Verschuuren. "Complying with Australia's illegal logging laws: tough reality after a soft start? Lessons from the United States and the European Union." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 22, no. 1 (May 2019): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2019.01.01.

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Australia's new illegal logging laws aim at prohibiting the import of illegally harvested forest products from around the world. Soon after adoption, and following an intense debate on the expected costs of compliance, the legislation was reviewed and the proposed amendments finally disallowed. As of 2018 stricter enforcement actions were announced. This article identifies compliance issues observed in Australia and proposes ways to tackle them based on experiences in the United States and the European Union. We find that law enforcement helps shape market behaviour and reinforces compliance. A national legality assurance system, established in the supplier country, is an effective way to ensure legality verification, to alleviate the burden on individual businesses to prove legality, and to support the regulated community to comply with the law.

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Stone, Christine, Ken Old, Glen Kile, and Nicholas Coopst. "Forest Health Monitoring in Australia: National and Regional Commitments and Operational Realities." Ecosystem Health 7, no. 1 (March 2001): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-0992.2001.710048.x.

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Kustiyo, K., O. Roswintiarti, A. Tjahjaningsih, R. Dewanti, S. Furby, and J. Wallace. "Annual Forest Monitoring as part of Indonesia's National Carbon Accounting System." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-441-2015.

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Land use and forest change, in particular deforestation, have contributed the largest proportion of Indonesia’s estimated greenhouse gas emissions. Indonesia’s remaining forests store globally significant carbon stocks, as well as biodiversity values. In 2010, the Government of Indonesia entered into a REDD+ partnership. A spatially detailed monitoring and reporting system for forest change which is national and operating in Indonesia is required for participation in such programs, as well as for national policy reasons including Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV), carbon accounting, and land-use and policy information. <br><br> Indonesia’s National Carbon Accounting System (INCAS) has been designed to meet national and international policy requirements. The INCAS remote sensing program is producing spatially-detailed annual wall-to-wall monitoring of forest cover changes from time-series Landsat imagery for the whole of Indonesia from 2000 to the present day. Work on the program commenced in 2009, under the Indonesia-Australia Forest Carbon Partnership. A principal objective was to build an operational system in Indonesia through transfer of knowledge and experience, from Australia’s National Carbon Accounting System, and adaptation of this experience to Indonesia’s requirements and conditions. A semi-automated system of image pre-processing (ortho-rectification, calibration, cloud masking and mosaicing) and forest extent and change mapping (supervised classification of a ‘base’ year, semi-automated single-year classifications and classification within a multi-temporal probabilistic framework) was developed for Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+. Particular attention is paid to the accuracy of each step in the processing. With the advent of Landsat 8 data and parallel development of processing capability, capacity and international collaborations within the LAPAN Data Centre this processing is being increasingly automated. Research is continuing into improved processing methodology and integration of information from other data sources. <br><br> This paper presents technical elements of the INCAS remote sensing program and some results of the 2000 – 2012 mapping.

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Aswin, Azwar, Madya Putra Yaumil Ahad, Metha Claudia Agatha Silitonga, and Rori Gusparirin. "Bibliometric Analysis of Public Policy Research in Indonesia 2011-2021." Journal of Local Government Issues 5, no. 2 (September 22, 2022): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/logos.v5i2.21704.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of research works on public policy in Indonesia during the last ten years (2011-2021) by foreign and Indonesian authors. This study utilized Scopus database and retrieved 128 scientific publications from international authors focusing on public policy in Indonesia. The publications are examined based on several indicators including: publication trends, contribution of countries, journals, institutions, authors, top cited articles, and keyword analysis. The results show that during the last decade, there has been significant growth in the number of publications, with Indonesia as the country with the most published research works. Meanwhile, the influential institution affiliations publishing works about public policy in Indonesia are University of New South Wales, Australia and Vanderbilt University from the United States. Besides that, the top influential journal publishers are Development in Practices (UK) and Forest Policy and Economics (Netherlands). Based on the number of publications, Indonesian authors hold the top position, meanwhile, foreign authors were identified as the writers with the largest number of article citations. The most-cited article in public policy research in Indonesia focuses on education policy and published in International Journal of Educational Development. However, four of the top ten articles with the most citations are published in Forest Policy and Economics.

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Croft, Peter, Nick Reid, and John T. Hunter. "Experimental burning changes the quality of fallen timber as habitat for vertebrate and invertebrate fauna: implications for fire management." Wildlife Research 37, no. 7 (2010): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10053.

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Context Fallen timber is a key habitat feature in forests and woodlands for vertebrate and invertebrate fauna, and is either consumed or left partially burnt after the passage of fire. This impact on habitat quality assumes significance because increasing areas of land are subject to frequent hazard-reduction burning and wildfire in eastern Australia. Aims We test here whether partially burnt or charred fallen timber is employed as habitat to the same extent as unburnt fallen timber. Methods Vertebrate and invertebrate abundance beneath burnt and unburnt fence posts was monitored for 13 months in unburnt forest and forest burnt by a wildfire. Key results Both vertebrate and invertebrate fauna made significantly less use of charred refuges. In most taxa, twice as many animals occurred under unburnt as under burnt artificial timber refuges, ant nests being the exception. Fauna made greater use of experimental refuges in burnt forest. Key conclusions Partially burnt fallen-timber refuges, where the log surface is left charred, are inferior habitat for fauna. Habitat quality in burnt forest may be enhanced by introducing fallen timber. Implications The study highlights an ecological consequence of fire for habitat quality, whether through wildfire or hazard-reduction burning, which should be considered in fire management.

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Allen, D. E., M. J. Pringle, D. W. Butler, B. K. Henry, T. F. A. Bishop, S. G. Bray, T. G. Orton, and R. C. Dalal. "Effects of land-use change and management on soil carbon and nitrogen in the Brigalow Belt, Australia: I. Overview and inventory." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 5 (2016): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16009.

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Soil and land-management interactions in Australian native-forest regrowth remain a major source of uncertainty in the context of the global carbon economy. We sampled soil total organic C (TOC) and soil total N (TN) stocks at 45 sites within the Brigalow ecological community of the Brigalow Belt bioregion, Queensland, Australia. The sites were matched as triplets representing three land uses, specifically: uncleared native brigalow forest (‘Remnant’); grassland pasture (‘Pasture’), derived by clearing native vegetation and maintained as pasture for a minimum of 10 years, and; regrowing native brigalow forest (‘Regrowth’, stand ages ranging from 10 to 58 years) that had developed spontaneously after past vegetation clearing for pasture establishment. Soil TOC fractions and natural abundance of soil C and N isotopes were examined to obtain insight into C and N dynamics. An updated above- and belowground carbon budget for the bioregions was generated. Average soil TOC stocks at 0–0.3-m depth ranged from 19 to 79 Mg ha–1 and soil TN stocks from 1.8 to 7.1 Mg ha–1 (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles, respectively). A trend in stocks was apparent with land use: Remnant > Regrowth ≅ Pasture sites. Soil δ13C ranged from –14 to –27‰, and soil δ15N ranged from 4‰ to 17‰, in general reflecting the difference between Pasture (C4-dominated) land use and N2-fixing (C3-dominated) Remnant and Regrowth. Mid-infrared spectroscopy predicted C fractions as a percentage of soil TOC stock, which ranged from 5% to 60% (particulate), 20–80% (humus) and 9–30% (resistant/inert). The geo-referenced soil and management information we collected is important for the calibration of C models, for the estimation of national C accounts, and to inform policy developments in relation to land-resource management undertaken within the Brigalow Belt bioregions of Australia.

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Abbott, I., and PV Heurck. "Tree Species Preferences of Foraging Birds in Jarrah Forest in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 12, no. 3 (1985): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850461.

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A study of foraging by 10 bird species suggests that selective logging of large Eucalyptus marginata will only have affected Melithreptus lunatus, but that proposed silvicultural treatments, including removal of Banksia grandis, may affect several other bird species.

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Stoneman, G. L., and N. J. Schofield. "Silviculture for water production in jarrah forest of Western Australia: an evaluation." Forest Ecology and Management 27, no. 3-4 (June 1989): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90111-4.

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Threlfall, C. G., B. Law, and N. Colman. "The effects of harvest frequency on coarse woody debris and its use by fauna." Wildlife Research 48, no. 6 (2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20140.

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Abstract Context Forest harvest practices have the potential to alter habitat available to forest fauna. One aspect of harvesting practice that has received little research attention is the effect of multiple rotations on available habitat, and its use by fauna. Aims We examined one component of habitat that is critical to many taxa, coarse woody debris (CWD). In forests of north-eastern New South Wales, Australia, we aimed to assess whether harvest (moderate intensity for saw-logs) frequency influences CWD levels, and whether fauna activity on CWD varies with harvest frequency and with CWD attributes. MethodsUsing habitat surveys and camera trapping, we compared CWD quantity and quality in unharvested sites with those that had been harvested once, twice and three times, and assessed fauna use of CWD. Key results We found significantly greater volume of non-hollow CWD, and of medium-sized pieces (15–30cm diameter), in sites harvested three times versus unharvested sites. Camera trapping showed that the activity and composition of fauna were similar across these harvest treatments. Our results also found that a broad range of fauna used a variety of logs, including large and small logs in various states of decay. Conclusions Consistent with other Australian studies, our results suggested that there are no detectable impacts of harvesting on hollow or large CWD. Further studies using radio-tracking or similar methods are needed to more comprehensively assess how CWD is used by fauna. Implications CWD was used broadly by a range of species and should be targeted for retention under ecologically sustainable forest management practices to ensure that it continues to be present in harvested landscapes. This is particularly important in places where an intensification of practices is being considered.

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Aiken, S. Robert, and Colin H. Leigh. "Land use conflicts and rain forest conservation in Malaysia and Australia." Land Use Policy 3, no. 3 (July 1986): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(86)90059-1.

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Hopmans, Peter, Jürgen Bauhus, Partap Khanna, and Chris Weston. "Carbon and nitrogen in forest soils: Potential indicators for sustainable management of eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 220, no. 1-3 (December 2005): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.006.

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Bradley, AJ, CM Kemper, DJ Kitchener, WF Humphreys, and RA How. "Small Mammals of the Mitchell Plateau Region, Kimberley, Western-Australia." Wildlife Research 14, no. 4 (1987): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870397.

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This paper presents the background for a series on the biology of small mammals in the Mitchell Plateau region, an area characterised by a wet-dry tropical climate. From June 1981 to December 1982, 19 species of small terrestrial mammals were captured at Mitchell Plateau. Of 17 species captured on eight mark-release grids, 13 clustered into four significant groups which reflected the major habitats of the region: (1) Sminthopsis virginiae, Leggadina sp. and Pseudomys nanus in riparian and plateau escarpment sites; (2) Phascogale tapoatafa, Trichosurus arnhemensis and Pseudomys laborifex in plateau open forest; (3) Conilurus penicillatus and Mesembriomys macrurus in open woodland and coastal mosaics; (4) the commoner species Dasyurus hallucatus, Isoodon macrourus, Melomys sp. cf. burtoni, Zyzomys argurus and S. woodwardi in an array of habitats. Rattus tunneyi, Pseudantechinus sp., Wyulda squamicaudata and Planigale maculata did not cluster significantly with other species. Two species, Pseudomys delicatulus and Mesembriomys gouldii, were represented by single specimens captured outside the capture-mark-release grids, in sandstone and plateau woodland respectively. Open forests, particularly on the lateritic plateau surfaces, had the richest and most diverse mammal assemblage over the entire study period. The vine thickets and sandstone contained relatively stable populations of fewer species, and several habitats had seasonally variable populations and species.

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Volkova, Liubov, and Christopher Weston. "Redistribution and emission of forest carbon by planned burning in Eucalyptus obliqua (L. Hérit.) forest of south-eastern Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 304 (September 2013): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.019.

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Mac Nally, Ralph. "Longer-term response to experimental manipulation of fallen timber on forest floors of floodplain forest in south-eastern Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 229, no. 1-3 (July 2006): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.024.

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Ranatunga, Kemachandra, Rodney J. Keenan, Stan D. Wullschleger, Wilfred M. Post, and M. Lynn Tharp. "Effects of harvest management practices on forest biomass and soil carbon in eucalypt forests in New South Wales, Australia: Simulations with the forest succession model LINKAGES." Forest Ecology and Management 255, no. 7 (April 2008): 2407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.002.

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Haylock, J., and a. Lill. "Winter Ecological Energetics of 2 Passerine Bird Species in Temperate Wet Forest." Wildlife Research 15, no. 3 (1988): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880319.

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Autumn and winter time-energy budgets were constructed for brown thornbills, Acanthiza pusilla, and eastern yellow robins, Eopsaltria australis, inhabiting a temperate wet forest in south-eastern Australia. Birds spent 84-88% of daylight hours foraging in both seasons, but decreased the metabolic cost of other activity in winter by spending more time on energetically inexpensive behaviours. Estimated daily energy expenditures were either seasonally constant or increased (thornbill) or decreased (robin) in winter by no nore than l0%, depending on the assumed degree of substitution for the thermoregulatory requirement. Thornbills increased foraging efficiency in winter to compensate for the reduction in absolute foraging time. Less dramatic changes in behavioural strategies were required to achieve energy balance than have been recorded for many small north temperate birds. Brown thornbills used an energetically expensive, active search foraging technique to capture small, cryptic prey at a fast rate. Yellow robins employed an inexpensive, 'sit-and-wait' strategy to capture larger, more conspicuous prey at a slower rate. Both species had similar time investments in foraging, but allocated greatly differing proportions of energy to active foraging and resting alert. These contrasting strategies offer the potential for performing several activities simultaneously in the yellow robin and for reducing foraging and vigilance investments through exploiting gregariousness in the brown thornbill.

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Rogers, K., N. Saintilan, and D. Cahoon. "Surface Elevation Dynamics in a Regenerating Mangrove Forest at Homebush Bay, Australia." Wetlands Ecology and Management 13, no. 5 (October 2005): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-004-0003-3.

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Bell, DT, S. Vlahos, and LE Watson. "Stimulation of Seed-Germination of Understorey Species of the Northern Jarrah Forest of Western-Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 5 (1987): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870593.

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Glasshouse trials in trays of soil measured the germination response to high temperatures and the presence of charcoal in 40 non-leguminous understorey species of the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) forest. Species producing relatively low proportions of viable and germinable seeds tended to be the long-lived resprouting species where reproductive output may not be of major adaptive significance. Three species, Conostylis setosa, Trymalium ledifolium and T. spathulaturn, with seed stored in the soil, were stimulated to germinate by high temperatures. Bradysporous, obligate reseeding species showed either no temperature effect (mainly species of Dryandra) or death at high temperatures (species of Hakea, whose seeds normally are protected by woody fruits). Charred wood of Eucalyptus marginata induced an increase in the proportion of Burchardia umbellata germinating under the test conditions. Relationships of the seed germination results to aspects of r- and K- selection theory and fire management policy in the northern jarrah forest are also discussed.

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Annandale, Mark, John Meadows, and Peter Erskine. "Indigenous forest livelihoods and bauxite mining: A case-study from northern Australia." Journal of Environmental Management 294 (September 2021): 113014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113014.

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Abbott, Ian. "Conservation of the forest red-tailed black cockatoo, a hollow-dependent species, in the eucalypt forests of Western Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 109, no. 1-3 (September 1998): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00244-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Forest policy Australia'

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