Journal articles on the topic 'Forest plants'
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1
Tambunan, Julian, I. Ketut Ginantra, and Ni Luh Watiniasih. "Diversitas Serangga Hutan Tanah Gambut Di Palangkaraya Kalimantan Tengah." Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2019.v06.i02.p04.
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This study aims to determine the diversity of insects and plants used as a habitat in unburned and previously burned peat land forests in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan. Insects were collected by beating the branches of plants, aerial sweeping, pitfall traps and light traps. Plants were identified in situ or plant samples were collected and identified later in the Lab. The diversity of insects were compared between unburned and previously burned peat forests by analyzing its index diversity (H’) and index of similarity (IS). In total, the insects collected from unburned peat forest were 551 individual, belongs to 12 order and 51 families, and 431 individual insects were collected from previously burned peat forest which belongs to 10 order and 38 families. The family of insects that most frequently found at both areas was Formicidae (Hymenoptera). The insects diversity of both forests were still high, that is H' = 3,45 of unburned peat forest and H '= 3,11 of previously burned peat forest, with the similarity index IS > 50% of both peat forests. The number of plant species found was higher in unburned peat forest (38 species) than in previously burned peat forest (9 species). The previously burned forest was dominated by Acacia plants, while in unburned peat forest the plants seem to evenly spread.
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Yang, Jiangnan, Deming Wang, Le Liu, and Yi Zhou. "Fern-like Plants Establishing the Understory of the Late Devonian Xinhang Lycopsid Forest." Life 14, no. 5 (May 8, 2024): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14050602.
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Forests appeared during the Middle to Late Devonian, but Devonian forests and their compositions are still rarely known. Xinhang forest was reported as the largest Devonian forest, with lycopsid trees of Guangdedendron micrum Wang et al. A fern-like plant Xinhangia spina Yang and Wang with shoots and anatomy, was previously described from this forest, but its habit and ecology remain unclear. From Xinhang forest, we now report more specimens of fern-like plants including X. spina and some unnamed plants in several beds. Prominent adventitious roots, spines and secondary xylem indicate that the stems of X. spina are largely procumbent to function as anchorage, absorption and support. Other fern-like plants with distinct roots or multiple slender branches also suggest procumbent habits. Xinhang forest is thus reconsidered as multispecific with a canopy of lycopsid trees and understory of diverse fern-like plants, which are adapted to the disturbed coastal environment. The composition of Xinhang forest may indicate a structural transition of the early forests’ dominator from fern-like plants to lycopsids.
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Pangau-Adam, Margaretha, Jolanta Slowik, Jan-Niklas Trei, and Matthias Waltert. "Negative Effects of Logging on Bird Dispersed Plants in Northern Papuan Lowland Forest, Indonesia." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211031171.
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Many plants in New Guinean rainforest have relatively larger fruits than those in other tropical forests and may depend on large animal dispersers, but little is known about the impacts of forest disturbance, especially logging, on the species composition and abundance of these trees. In order to provide a baseline for the understanding of their vulnerability, we counted fruiting plants and measured habitat parameters in primary and human-altered habitats in the little studied lowland forest of northern Papua, Indonesia. During the surveys coinciding with peak fruit season, eighty-nine species were recorded in fruit, with 71 species in 24 families known to be consumed by birds, and most of them (97%) were trees. The diversity of bird-consumed fruiting plants differed among the habitat types and was highest in undisturbed primary forest and hunted primary forest. Secondary forests still had a high number of species and individuals but were dominated by light demanding plants and a low number of uniquely found species. Logged forest and agricultural habitats showed only a low abundance of bird-consumed fruiting plants, being about 2-3 times lower than in primary forests. Plants with large sized fruits (diam. > 20 mm) were mainly found in primary forests, confirming their importance for maintaining interactions between large frugivorous birds and plants that are of relevance for forest regeneration.
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Прока, Ирина, Irina Proka, Сергей Бабынин, and Sergey Babynin. "CREATING FOREST PLANTS OF MULTI-PURPOSE RESOURCE USE BY FORESTRY METHODS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c3de3887620f5.55458216.
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Based on the results of the analysis and assessment of the problem of meeting the growing needs of resource forest management in relatively densely populated areas with developed transport infrastructure, within the framework of the developed concept of ensuring the intensification of forest reproduction and use by creating forest plantations with silvicultural methods, one of the ways to solve the problem is to develop for the practical application of the target forest management systems for the creation of forest plantations of many special purpose resources, distinguished by relatively high ecological properties, potential for efficient integrated use of forest resources, which creates the possibility (due to their use) of preserving and reducing the intensity of exploitation of valuable forest ecosystems of natural and natural economic origin. To achieve this goal, based on the use of two types of technological organization of territories of different types of forests and potential productivity of cultivated plantation stands, the interrelated implementation of all activities of the forest regeneration cycle is provided. They are organically combined with a relatively intensive multi-purpose resource forest use throughout the forest reproduction cycle. In turn, effective measures for the protection and preservation of forests are ensured by integrating them into phased measures of thinning throughout all stages of forest growth, as well as by rational organization of the creation and use of forest plantations by silvicultural methods. At the same time, measures are provided for forest users to motivate the use of forest-established forest use - the creation and operation of forest plantations, taking into account the introduction of reasonable changes to the Forest Code to expand the possibilities of planted forest growing while preserving environmentally valuable forests.
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Ульданова and Railya Uldanova. "Formation forest fitotsenozov Volga River right banks." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 1 (September 7, 2014): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3833.
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The coastal forests, presented by valuable deciduous and coniferous forests, grow in the northeastern and eastern parts of the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan, skirting the high right bank of the Volga River. They contribute to the maintenance of biological diversity in nature. The study of the formation of coastal forest phytocenoses, their species diversity and the modern state is now urgent work, and development activities for the conservation of natural habitats of plants, improve the sustainability of forest ecosystems are perspective direction. According to research of the forests of the right bank of the river Volga, we present the structure of coastal forest ecosystems. The association of forest ecosystems to the various elements of the relief was installed. The types of soil and litter were presented. The estimation of α-diversity of vascular herbaceous plants and ß-diversity of the studied forest ecosystems were reported. The largest number of species of vascular plants in coastal forests are: oak plant communities; a second group includes birch plants, pine and willow; the third group - the lime and larch; the fourth group - maple plant communitie. The ß-diversity index (Whittaker’s index) of plants in the studied forests varies between 2.2-6.8. The Jaccard coefficient of floristic similarity between forest ecosystems varies from 0.01 to 0.30, which confirms the diversity of generated by coastal forest ecosystems. The greatest diversity of plants was found in forests of ash and mixed grass, mixed grass willow, oak and lime-grove, maple, ash and mixed grass larches, birch wood. The forestry activities in coastal areas should be aimed at creating productive, sustainable forest ecosystems with a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna.
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Fornal-Pieniak, Beata, Barbara Żarska, and Marcin Ollik. "Effects of Adjacent Land Use Types on the Composition of Vascular Flora in Urban Forest Ecotones in the Southern Poland." Forests 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111440.
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The purpose of the research was the recognition of edge effects regarding similarities and differences of vascular flora in undergrowth layers in the urban forest ecotones. Four types of urban forest neighborhoods were analyzed: ecotones adjacent to the manor park, the agriculture field, housing estates and the road. The plant compositions in the forest ecotones were compared with the plant compositions in the urban forest interior and the forest nature reserve. The phytosociological type of studied forests was a subcontinental oak-hornbeam one (Tilio-Carpinetum). Diagnostic plant species (e.g., characteristic) for forests from the non-diagnostic ones were identified. Forest consistent plant species dominated in the ecotone adjacent to the manor park and in the interior of urban forests too, but the best conditions for these plants were inside the forest nature reserve, where native consistent forest plants showed the highest dominance when comparing all studied areas. A higher anthropogenic pressure from the adjacent areas results in supporting the growth of inconsistent plant species in the forests, and these plants are mostly represented by plants belonging to grass and synanthropic communities. Another conclusion drawn from our research is that the protected forest, represented by a nature reserve in the city, provides better “shelter” for native forest plants than the urban forest without any protection. Ultimately, a permanent challenge is to achieve and maintain the balance between nature and the impact of anthropogenic activities on urban forests in the city. The high quality of green areas, biodiversity, including forests, implicates possibilities of sustainable development in cities. The research results will be useful for local urban planners and ecologists during their work on strategies of city development, including shaping of green infrastructure.
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Korchikov, Evgeniy Sergeevich, and Sofya Alexandrovna Pushkina. "CONCERNING THE «BUZULUKSKY BOR» NATIONAL PARK FOREST COMMUNITIES MEDICINAL PLANTS." Samara Journal of Science 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20152130.
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The are 266 medicinal vascular plants from 181 genera, 64 families, 5 phylum (Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Pteridophyta, Pinophyta, Magnoliophyta) in the Buzuluksky Bor national park. 67 species of medicinal vascular plants from 59 genera, 27 families and 4 phylum grows in forest communities, which are the most widespread such plants as Chelidonium majus L., Convallaria majalis L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Lve, Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, Taraxacum officinalis L. and Pinus sylvestris L. Increasing number of medicinal plants has a considerable projective covering in oak forests. 30 species of medicinal plants, most of all their share in the maple forests are specific to a certain type of forest communities. The greatest similarities of specific structure of medicinal plants are oak and birch communities. The number of medicinal plants in forest communities decreases among: oak forests (35 species) birch forests (33 species) pine forests (30 species) maple forests (29 species). With increase in a gigrotope and reduction of a trofotope in community of the national park Buzuluksky Bor located in a forest-steppe zone a variety of medicinal plants increases, however the heliotope has no significant impact on number of medicinal plants. In the territory of national park Buzuluksky Bor it is recommended to collect herbs only in a recreational zone and a zone of informative tourism, and in oak and birch forests. Convallaria majalis, Pteridium aquilinum, Aegopodium podagraria, Polygonatum odoratum are less vulnerable when collecting medicinal raw materials.
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Lobova, Tatyana A., and Scott A. Mori. "Epizoochorous dispersal by bats in French Guiana." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 5 (August 9, 2004): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001634.
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In neotropical forests many species of plant depend on animals for pollination and seed dispersal and it has been well documented that bats play an essential role in dispersal of many flowering plants (Gardner 1977). Bats are responsible for colonization of plants into forest gaps because they often disperse the seeds of plants adapted for growth in disturbed areas. Species of Cecropia, Piper, Solanum and Vismia are especially important pioneer plants, and bats play a critical role in the dispersal of these secondary woody species into both secondary and primary forests, and into the seed bank (de Foresta et al. 1984, Lobova et al. 2003).
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Oluyinka Christopher, Ariyo. "Comparative Analyses of Diversity and Similarity Indices of West Bank Forest and Block A Forest of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Forestry Research 2020 (March 31, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4865845.
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Comparative analyses of diversity and similarity indices of west bank and block A forest of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were carried out by the vegetation survey using transects and plot sampling techniques. Six transects {A (270°W), B (90°E), C (180°S), D, E (0°N), and F (180°W)} were constructed with the aid of prismatic compass in west bank forest and block A forest. 10 sampling plots of 10 m × 10 m were demarcated along each transect making 30 plots in each forest, and a total number of 60 plots were used for the study. Complete enumeration and identification of plants were carried out in each plot. The results showed that block A forest had 167 plant species from 58 families while west bank forest had 146 plant species from 56 families. A total number of 219 plant species from 70 families and 5804 individual plants were recorded in the two forests. West bank forest had higher values of all the diversity indices and Gamma diversity except Margalef’s community diversity index and alpha diversity index which were high in block A forest. Sorensen’s and Jaccard similarity indices of plants between west bank forest and block A forest were 59.42% and 42.66%, while the dissimilarity index of 40.58% was recorded. Thus, the two forests are richer and diverse in plant species; adequate protection of the two forests should be a priority to prevent loss of diversity of plants. Cutting of poles from the forests should be stopped.
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Mahmoudi, Beytollah, Eric Ng, Davood Mafi-Gholami, and Fatemeh Eshaghi. "Forest Dwellers’ Dependence on Forest Resources in Semi-Arid Environments." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032689.
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Forests remain an important resource in Iran, as most of the livelihood activities of local communities, especially in the semi-arid environment of the Zagros forests, are dependent on forest resources. The aim of this study was to identify the type and extent of forest dependency. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from 170 households in Central Zagros. Results show that using firewood for fuel and non-fuel uses, harvesting edible and medicinal plants, agriculture and horticulture, and livestock grazing were the main forest livelihood activities undertaken by the households in the study area. On average, each household harvested 18.08 cubic meters of oak per year for water heating (bathing), baking bread, heating, cooking, heating milk and buttermilk, agricultural tools, house building, warehouses and shelters, fencing, branches for livestock, charcoal and harvesting firewood for sale. Of rural households, 72% used edible plants, and 86% used medicinal plants. Age, job, residence status, number of livestock, crop farming and household size were found to be correlated with forest dependency. Findings from this study contribute broadly to an integrated understanding of the bio-human dimensions of forest ecosystems, with specific reference to the study area.
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Maisels, Fiona G., Martin Cheek, and Chris Wild. "Rare plants on Mount Oku summit, Cameroon." Oryx 34, no. 2 (April 2000): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2000.00107.x.
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AbstractThe forests of the Kilum-Ijim area, around Mount Oku in West Cameroon, are the largest remaining patch of montane forest in West Africa, and the highest in altitude. This important habitat harbours endemic species of both animals and plants but is surrounded by a high density of human settlements: c. 300,000 people live within a day's walk of the forest, which covers only 200 sq km. BirdLife International and the Ministry of the Environment and Forestry, Government of Cameroon, are currently operating the Kilum-Ijim Forest Project, with the overall goal of conserving representative areas of the Cameroon montane forest biome in the long-term. The purpose of the project is toensure that the biodiversity, extent and ecological processes of the Kilum-Ijim Forest are maintained and that the forest is used sustainably by the local communities. The existence of a small Sphagnum community and associated wetland plant species was discovered in 1997 on the summit of Mount Oku, at 2900 m. This site is of extremely high conservation importance because several plant species endemic to the Kilum-Ijim area have been recorded there. In addition, it is the highest Sphagnum bog and the source of the highest stream in West Africa.
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Terekhov, G. G., E. M. Andreeva, and S. K. Stetsenko. "FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY INDEX OF SPECIES OF HERBAL COVER UNDER THE TREE CANOPY OF 30-YEARS SPRUCE CULTURES IN THE MIDDLE URALS." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Биология»=Bulletin of Perm University. Biology, no. 3 (2020): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2020-3-190-197.
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The results of studies of the species composition of the grass cover with a tree canopy density of 0.3 - 0.7 in areas of 30-year-old spruce cultures planted in the types of herbs and green mosses spruce forest and berry spruce-pine forest were given. The materials of study showed that the species composition was more numerous in the first type of forest, 91 species of the vascular herbaceous plants belonging to 34 families, 72 genera were noted; in the second type of forest – 63 species belonging to 32 families and 57 genera. The species of the herbaceous plants of rather small frequency (their shares were 70 and 57%) prevailed. At the same time, in both types of forests 42 species of the same herbaceous plants were found. The majority of the studied herbaceous plants in both types of forests were mesophytes (77 and 95%), the proportion of hygrophytes was higher in the spruce forest of herbs and green mosses. Of the total number of species noted in these types of forests, 85 species were medicinal and 4 species were rare for the Sverd-lovsk region.
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Iqbar, Djufri, Darusman, Rahmadani, V. Anjelia, M. A. Bessania, and Syaukani. "Termite attack on succession forest plants at Soraya Research Station, Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1359, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1359/1/012120.
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Abstract Termites are one of the social insects that play a significant role in the decomposition process in tropical forests. This arthropod not only attacks dead plants but also live plants. Information on termite attacks on plants in tropical forests is still very scarce in Indonesia, especially in regenerating forests. This study aims to reveal the role of termites in infesting plants in Soraya Research Station Forest, Leuser Ecosystem. Plant data collection using sampling plots and termites. Data collection using a standardized sampling protocol will be analyzed by descriptive analysis. We found 37 families, 59 genera, and 90 species of plants. Dipterocarpaceae, Meliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, and Myristicaceae are dominant plant families in the forest. Plant strata attacked by termites include trees, poles, and saplings. Shorea multiflora (Burck) and Streblus elongatus (Miq.) are the most dominant living plant-attacked species. This study also describes the preferences of termite attacks on different plant species in the Soraya Regeneration Forest.
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Pinto, M. "CO2assimilation in young Prosopis plants." Annales des Sciences Forestières 46, Supplement (1989): 433s—438s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19890597.
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Abdullah, Umar Husein, Lukman Martunis, Mulyanti Mulyanti, Dewi Yana, Yusran Akbar, and Sri Agustina. "Potential and Absorption of CO2 in Various Types of Dry Land Use in Aceh Besar Regency." Journal of Agriculture 3, no. 01 (April 6, 2024): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/joa.v3i01.3760.
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This study was carried out on a 239,439.63 ha unit of dry land in the Aceh Besar Regency. The Soil and Plant Science Laboratory and the Soil Physics Laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, analyzed soil and biomass samples. Twelve different land use types in the Aceh Besar Regency's dry land are the research locations. Utilizing a methodology with the number SNI 7724:2011, the Indonesian National Standards Agency established the biomass measuring and sampling procedure in 2011. According to the study's findings, the primary forest land use type has the greatest potential for absorbing CO2 in the forest land use type, followed by the following. Pine forest, secondary forest, teak forest, eucalyptus forest, and bush forest, in that order. In contrast, the land use categories of mixed gardens, moors, bushes, grassland, rainfed rice fields, and bare ground have the highest potential for absorbing CO2. Primary forests have the largest overall carbon dioxide absorption among the many forest land use types. These are followed, in order, by secondary forests, bush forests, eucalyptus forests, pine forests, and teak forests. The primary forest land use type has the largest total CO2 absorption among the non-forest land use types, followed by grasslands, shrubs, mixed gardens, rainfed rice fields, moorland, and bare ground, in that order. The Aceh Besar Regency's numerous dry land uses can benefit from enhanced natural and environmental sustainability due to the wide stem diameter and abundance of woody plants, which can also increase CO2 absorption. Highlights High CO2 potential and sequestration are critical in controlling climate change Humans play an important role in regulating and maintaining the availability of plants to maintain environmental stability. Forest protection plays an important role in maintaining the biodiversity of plants, animals, and endangered species in protected forest areas.
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Poudel, Prativa, and Anjana Devkota. "Regeneration Status of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) in Community Managed Forests, Tanahun District, Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 26, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v26i2.41297.
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The present research aims to know the regeneration status of community managed Shorea robusta (Sal) forests; managed for 6-21 years in Tanahun district, a part of Gandaki Province, Nepal. These forests were categorized into two groups according to management duration (more than 10 years and equal or less than 10 yrs). The regeneration status of the forest was estimated by calculating the density of each species in each developmental phase (seedling, sapling and tree). The total tree density of community forest managed for more than 10 years (MCF forest; 1230 plants/ha) was less than the community forest managed for equal or less than 10 years (LCF forest; 1314 plants/ha). The results suggest that the size class distribution of the trees resembling inverse-J shaped indicates the good regenerating capability of both forests. After the handover of forests to the community, Sal density had increased rapidly in both the forests. Community management had a significant positive impact on the regeneration of the forest, and thus, the productivity of the forest. Thus, the study of regeneration of forest trees has important implications for the conservation and management of natural forests.
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Utami, Sri, and M. Murningsih. "Keanekaragaman dan Kemelimpahan Jenis Tumbuhan Invasif di Hutan Wisata Penggaron Kabupaten Semarang Jawa Tengah." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 20, no. 2 (January 27, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.20.2.100-104.
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Forests are ecosystems that have very potential natural resources, including storing high genetic resources. One of the things that threatens the decline of genetic resources in the forest is the presence of invasive species. This study aims to determine the species of invasive plants and their abundance in the Penggaron tourism forest of Ungaran Regency, Central Java. The research method was carried out by exploring the entire forest area through the path. The results of the study showed that 13 species of invasive plants were included in 7 families. The most number of invasive plants from the Poaceae family include 5 species : Axonopus Compressus, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum purpureum, Paspalum conjugatum and Eleusine indica. The highest relative abundance was Eleusine indica and was followed by Synedrella nodiflora, Elephantopus scaber and Paspalum conjugatum. The species of invasive plants, especially the abundant ones, need to be controlled by the population so as not to threaten native plants and cause environmental degradation in Penggaron tourism forests. Key word : Invansive plant, Penggaron tourism forest, genetic resources.
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Xiong, Qin, Jun Yang, and Siyi Ni. "Microbiome-Mediated Protection against Pathogens in Woody Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 22 (November 9, 2023): 16118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216118.
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Pathogens, especially invasive species, have caused significant global ecological, economic, and social losses in forests. Plant disease research has traditionally focused on direct interactions between plants and pathogens in an appropriate environment. However, recent research indicates that the microbiome can interact with the plant host and pathogens to modulate plant resistance or pathogen pathogenicity, thereby altering the outcome of plant–pathogen interactions. Thus, this presents new opportunities for studying the microbial management of forest diseases. Compared to parallel studies on human and crop microbiomes, research into the forest tree microbiome and its critical role in forest disease progression has lagged. The rapid development of microbiome sequencing and analysis technologies has resulted in the rapid accumulation of a large body of evidence regarding the association between forest microbiomes and diseases. These data will aid the development of innovative, effective, and environmentally sustainable methods for the microbial management of forest diseases. Herein, we summarize the most recent findings on the dynamic structure and composition of forest tree microbiomes in belowground and aboveground plant tissues (i.e., rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere), as well as their pleiotropic impact on plant immunity and pathogen pathogenicity, highlighting representative examples of biological control agents used to modulate relevant tree microbiomes. Lastly, we discuss the potential application of forest tree microbiomes in disease control as well as their future prospects and challenges.
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Patry, Cynthia, Daniel Kneeshaw, Isabelle Aubin, and Christian Messier. "Intensive forestry filters understory plant traits over time and space in boreal forests." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 90, no. 3 (February 14, 2017): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpx002.
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Abstract Because of their scarcity, protected areas alone cannot maintain biodiversity. Therefore, it is necessary to create conditions appropriate for plants and wildlife in managed landscapes. We compared the effects of different intensities of forest management on functional responses of vascular understory plants using the fourth-corner method. We analysed functional community composition along a management gradient that spanned semi-natural forests to extensively managed forests (naturally regenerated cuts) to intensively managed forests (planted forests) in Canada. Results showed trait filtering along the gradient of forest management intensity. In natural and extensively managed forests, where forest retention was high in time and space, persistence traits (e.g. perennial geophytes or chamaephytes, non-leafy stem foliage structure) were maintained. At the opposite end of the gradient, in intensively managed plantations where forest retention elements (e.g. amount of dead wood) were reduced, trait filtering led to species associated with colonization, such as tall species with limited lateral extension. These results suggest that intensive forestry conducted over a large extent may change the functional composition of understory plants.
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Kratyuk, O. "Study of forest plants species diversity in “Radomyshlske” forestry-hunting enterpise." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(174) (December 27, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2022-174-2-111-118.
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The types of plant diversity on the territory of the Radomyshl Forestry in areas with different types of forest vegetation conditions were investigated. 21 species belonging to 15 families and 18 genera have been identified. The main types of forest are determined (Pinus sylvestris-Vaccinium vitisidaea+V. myrtillus-Cladonia spp.+ Pleurozium; Pinus sylvestris-Calluna vulgaris-Pleurozium+ Cladonia ssp.; Pinus sylvestris-Vaccinium myrtillus-Pleurozium; Pinus sylvestris-Pteridium aquilinum-Vaccinium myrtillus-Pleurozium; Pinus sylvestris-Calamagrostis arundinacea+Convallaria majalis) and key indices of species diversity (Simpson, Shannon-Viviver, Yvnyanyoti and Margalef). Among the types of forest, the most widespread are green moss-shrub pine forests, and it is precisely the areas with this type of forest that are characterized by the highest indicators of species diversity and richness with peak indicators of the Simpson Index – 0.89; The Shannon-Weaver index is 2.55 and the Margalef index is 3.21. The indicators of the green moss-lichen pine forest, on the contrary, indicate a rather poor species diversity, namely Simpson's index – 0.75; The Shannon-Weaver index is 1.67 and the Margalef index is 1.65. However, this type of forest was characterized by the maximum level of equitability – 0.9. A comparative analysis of the species composition of the studied areas was also carried out to assess beta-diversity using the Jaccard index. Shrub-green moss pine forests with a dominance of blueberry and gorse have the greatest similarity (0.7), as well as green moss-small herbaceous and shrub-green moss pine forests with a blueberry dominance (0.6); the smallest – small-grass pine and green-mosslichen pine (0.2) Key words: types of diversity, beta-diversity, alpha-diversity, phyto-diversity, Polissia of Ukraine, types of forests.
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Naumkin, V. P., N. A. Lopachev, and V. T. Lobkov. "Honey flora of forest plant community." BIO Web of Conferences 39 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213901008.
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The honey flora of the forest plant community is an important forage resource for the development of beekeeping. That’s why it is desirable to assess species composition and total number of honey plants and to determine the honey reserve of the area of the forest community plant. The forest cover of the Orel region is 9.3%, and this cover is distributed on its territory very irregularly. 257 species out of the total number of honey plants in the region are found in the forests. Deciduous forests are dominant in the Orel region including oak, ash, linden, birch and aspen. The results of studies of flowering plants in the forest plant community showed that there is a sufficient number of honey plants in the forest to provide bee families with nectar from spring to late autumn due to the natural flower-nectar conveyor. The assessment of the honey stock of this community shows that the stock equals 4,872 tons from 203 thousand hectares of forest. And bees can sip only about 30% (1,626 tons). It proves that significant honey reserves are concentrated in the forest plant community of the Orel region. The rational use of these reserves will help to solve the problem of reproduction of new bee families of the aboriginal Central Russian breed and to organize a long honey gathering by bees that provide people of the region with honey.
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Riitters, Kurt, Kevin Potter, Basil Iannone, Christopher Oswalt, Qinfeng Guo, and Songlin Fei. "Exposure of Protected and Unprotected Forest to Plant Invasions in the Eastern United States." Forests 9, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110723.
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Research Highlights: We demonstrate a macroscale framework combining an invasibility model with forest inventory data, and evaluate regional forest exposure to harmful invasive plants under different types of forest protection. Background and Objectives: Protected areas are a fundamental component of natural resource conservation. The exposure of protected forests to invasive plants can impede achievement of conservation goals, and the effectiveness of protection for limiting forest invasions is uncertain. We conducted a macroscale assessment of the exposure of protected and unprotected forests to harmful invasive plants in the eastern United States. Materials and Methods: Invasibility (the probability that a forest site has been invaded) was estimated for 82,506 inventory plots from site and landscape attributes. The invaded forest area was estimated by using the inventory sample design to scale up plot invasibility estimates to all forest area. We compared the invasibility and the invaded forest area of seven categories of protection with that of de facto protected (publicly owned) forest and unprotected forest in 13 ecological provinces. Results: We estimate approximately 51% of the total forest area has been exposed to harmful invasive plants, including 30% of the protected forest, 38% of the de facto protected forest, and 56% of the unprotected forest. Based on cumulative invasibility, the relative exposure of protection categories depended on the assumed invasibility threshold. Based on the invaded forest area, the five least-exposed protection categories were wilderness area (13% invaded), national park (18%), sustainable use (26%), nature reserve (31%), and de facto protected Federal land (36%). Of the total uninvaded forest area, only 15% was protected and 14% had de facto protection. Conclusions: Any protection is better than none, and public ownership alone is as effective as some types of formal protection. Since most of the remaining uninvaded forest area is unprotected, landscape-level management strategies will provide the most opportunities to conserve it.
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Pilková, Ivana. "Species Structure of Plants in the Báb Forest Clearcuts." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2014-0009.
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Abstract In the paper we have summarized the results of a research which was realized in the Báb forest (Veľký Báb, Nitra upland). The target of the research is the evaluation of species composition in the clearcuts in 2012. In the Báb forest, during spring records there were 80 and during summer records 102 taxa of taxons recorded. The woody plants of spring and summer reports were mainly represented by typical forest species. Moreover, these are woody plants of forest open parts and there are also two invasive woody Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia plants documented. During the summer reports, three new woody plants Clematis vitalba, Lonicera caprifolium, Ulmus minor appeared in the herb layer. Herbs are represented during the spring reports by typical spring ephemeroids, geophytes and forest herbs presenting the spring synusia. During the summer reports, ephemeroids are absent and there were new species, mainly Alliaria petiolata, Convallaria majalis, Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum, Melica nutans of forest herbs reported. In the clearcut areas also clearcut, synanthropic, mainly Cirsium vulgare, Lamium purpureum, Sambucus ebulus, Serratula tinctoria, Torilis japonica and invasive species Aster lanceolatus, A. novi-belgii agg., Erigeron annuus ssp. annuus, Impatiens parviflora occurred. Generally, we can state that the diversity of clearcut plant taxa is high. Taxa are represented by forest woody plants, woody plants of clearcuts, forest open parts and forest edges. Within clearcut herbs, there are typical forest species of oak-hornbeam forests represented, species of clearcuts and human-influenced posts and there are also invasive taxa found
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Popek, Robert, Beata Fornal-Pieniak, Filip Chyliński, Magdalena Pawełkowicz, Jan Bobrowicz, Dominika Chrzanowska, Natalia Piechota, and Arkadiusz Przybysz. "Not Only Trees Matter—Traffic-Related PM Accumulation by Vegetation of Urban Forests." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 2973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052973.
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In terms of the process of air purification, a lot of attention has been devoted to trees and shrubs. Little attention has been paid to herbaceous vegetation from the lower forest layers. Urban forests are often located on the outskirts of cities and surround exit roads where there is heavy traffic, generating particulate matter (PM) pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the spread of PM from the road traffic in the air and to investigate how individual layers of urban forests accumulate PM. We conducted comparative analyses of PM accumulation on plants in five zones away from the road, into the forest, in the air, and in four vegetation layers: mosses, herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. The results show that all forest layers accumulate PM. We show that PM is very efficiently accumulated by herbaceous plants growing along roadsides, and that the PM that was not deposited on herbaceous plants was accumulated by trees and shrubs. With increasing distance from the road into the forest, the PM content on herbaceous plants decreased and the accumulation on trees and shrubs increased. We estimated that PM concentration in the air dropped significantly in the front line of the trees, but it was still detectable up to 50 m into the forest. The results presented herein show that meadow vegetation and urban forests play a very important role in air purification. Our results provide a better understanding of the complexity of urban forest interactions and provide the basis for better planning of urban greenery.
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Pacala, Stephen W., Charles D. Canham, and J. A. Silander Jr. "Forest models defined by field measurements: I. The design of a northeastern forest simulator." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 1980–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-249.
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We introduce a new spatially explicit model of forest dynamics. The model is constructed from submodels that predict an individual tree's growth, survival, dispersal, and recruitment, and submodels that predict the local availability of resources. Competition is entirely mechanistic; plants interfere with one another only by depleting resources. We also describe maximum likelihood methods for estimating each of the submodels from data collected in the field. Over the past two years, we collected the necessary data for the dominant tree species in the Great Mountain Forest (Norfolk, Conn.). We report estimates of submodels for each species, and show that the calibrated population dynamic model predicts the structure and dynamics of natural forests. Finally, we contrast our model with the JABOWA–FORET family of forest models.
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Yang, Xiaobo, Long Li, Xiaobo Lv, Wenqi Luo, Donghai Li, Caiqun Liang, Alison K. S. Wee, and Wenxing Long. "Closed-Canopy Tropical Forests of Hainan, (China) Are Resilient against Invasive Herbs and Shrubs." Forests 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111596.
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The successful establishment of many plants in tropical forests often depends on species-specific adaptations related to light availability and forest successional stage. Species that are present in early successional stages generally do not occur in later successional stages. In this study, we documented the diversity, distribution, and abundance of terrestrial invasive plants across the (sub)tropical island of Hainan, China, and tested the germination of specific invasive plants in forested environments. In 97 transects positioned randomly across the island, we found nine invasive herb and shrub species were present in all human-modified habitats but not in intact forest interiors. In separate forest-specific transects, we documented a sharp drop in the abundance of invasive plants >5 m into the forest. High numbers of invasive plant seeds germinated from the soil seed bank sampled at the forest edge, but very few seeds germinated from soil sampled any distance into the forest. Finally, in experiments with four focal invasive plant species, overall germination rates were low; and much lower in shaded sites compared to full gap sites. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that invasive herbs and shrubs do not yet form a serious threat to native species in the closed-canopy forests of Hainan.
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Gillespie, Thomas W. "Life history characteristics and rarity of woody plants in tropical dry forest fragments of Central America." Journal of Tropical Ecology 15, no. 5 (September 1999): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467499001066.
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Breeding systems and dispersal mechanisms of plants (≥ 2.5 cm dbh) were examined in fragments of tropical dry forest in Central America to identify life-history characteristics associated with rarity. In particular, the richness and abundance of dioecious and mammal-dispersed trees and shrubs were examined to identify potential associations with precipitation, anthropogenic disturbance, and area. Plots totalling 1000 m2 per site were established in seven nature reserves in Costa Rica (two sites) and Nicaragua (five sites). Overall, tropical dry forests of Central America have a similar proportion of dioecious species to other lowland neotropical forests and a similar proportion of wind-dispersed plants to other tropical dry forests around the world. However, the number of dioecious and mammal-dispersed species declined with decreasing forest cover within each reserve. Although dioecious species were rare in smaller forest fragments, some of these species will not be threatened with regional extinction because they are early successional plants, they have large geographic ranges, and they are not restricted to the tropical dry forest life zone. Mammal-dispersed plants were rare in small fragments, but it is not clear whether this was due to the loss of dispersal vectors or other life-history characteristics.
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Selvi, Federico, Giandiego Campetella, Roberto Canullo, Stefano Chelli, Gianniantonio Domina, Emmanuele Farris, Cristina Gasperini, Leonardo Rosati, Camilla Wellstein, and Elisa Carrari. "The Italian endemic forest plants: an annotated inventory and synthesis of knowledge." Plant Ecology and Evolution 156, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.95929.
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Background and aims – Forests are among the most threatened ecosystems worldwide, and endemic plants are often a vulnerable component of the flora of a given territory. So far, however, understory forest endemics of southern Europe have received little attention and are poorly known for several aspects. Material and methods – We developed the first list of native vascular plants that are restricted to Italian forests. Available information on taxonomy, regional distribution, ecology, biology, functional traits, and conservation status was collected for each taxon, allowing to identify major knowledge gaps and calculate baseline statistics. Key results – The list includes 134 taxa, most of which are linked to closed-canopy forest habitats, while the others are also found in margins and gaps. The forest and non-forest Italian endemic flora differed in terms of taxonomic and life-form distribution. The rate and density of forest endemism increased with decreasing latitude and were highest in Sicily, Calabria, and Basilicata, where paleoendemic mono- or oligotypic genera also occur. Endemic phanerophytes were especially numerous on islands. Beech and deciduous oak forests were the most important habitats, but hygrophilous woodlands also host numerous endemics. Overall, the ecology, biology, and functional traits of the forest endemic taxa are still poorly known. The ratio diploids/polyploids was highest in the south and on the islands. Almost 24% of the taxa were assessed as “Critically Endangered”, “Endangered”, or “Vulnerable”, and 24% were categorized as “Data Deficient”, based on the IUCN system. Increasing frequency and intensity of fires was the most frequent threat. Conclusions – This work can contribute to implement the European forest plant species list and serve as a basis for further research on a unique biological heritage of the continent. However, more knowledge about these globally rare taxa is needed, to support their conservation in changing forest landscapes.
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Bailey, John. "Invasive plants and forest ecosystems." Annals of Botany 105, no. 1 (September 29, 2009): x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp226.
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Глушко and Sergey Glushko. "EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE STATE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN RELATION TO THEIR DYNAMICS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2016): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19326.
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The evaluation of forest quality is associated with the identification of the characteristics of their dynamics. Dynamic of forest communities are associated with age-related changes of indigenous forests, reduction processes, as well as forest degradation. A variety of forest forming process refers to different directions of forests development, including sustainable forest restoration, stabilization and degradation. The forest degradation, leading to the destruction of biota, is able to apply to different levels of systemic organization of forests. To assess trends in forest forming process we proposed to use the main indicators of vital strategy of forest plants species.
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Sabirzyanov, I. G., K. M. Gabdrakhimov, and L. N. Blonskaya. "CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN PLANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 51, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-14-19.
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The article reports the impact of carbon on the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, the composition of the land Fund of the Republic of Bashkortostan, including the distribution of agricultural land and forest land. Figures of the net carbon captured, lost and the carbon balance in biomass of forest tree species in the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. Carbon behavior pattern in the forests in the Republic of Bashkortostan is described as of 2007 and 2017. Carbon sequestration in plants is calculated including the average plant reserves per unit area in the context of coniferous tree species. Carbon sequestration capacity is identified. The paper presents causes of low carbon flow in the study forests. The age groups of forest stand as well as tree species with higher carbon capture capacity are revealed. In conclusion, the authors come up with measures to increase carbon sequestration and reduce the greenhouse effect in the long term.
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Nurlia, A., A. Widarti, and N. Mindawati. "The Flexibility of Sengon Agroforestry in Small-Scale Forest Development in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1315, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1315/1/012010.
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Abstract Small-scale forests (SSF) are essential to the community’s ecological, social, and economic aspects. The tree species that many people choose to develop in small-scale forests is sengon. Sengon has various advantages and can be developed in agroforestry with various plants. The research question in this study is how flexible the sengon agroforestry pattern is in Small-Scale Forest Development in Indonesia? The study aimed to determine the flexibility of sengon agroforestry in small-scale forests and the added value of small-scale forests from the economic and ecological aspects. The study was conducted using a systematic review. The results show that small-scale forest development with an agroforestry pattern can diversify income sources from the same land management, thus providing a sustainable income. The sengon agroforestry pattern in small-scale forests can be made with various types of plants (a) woody trees, (b) food crops, (c) plantation crops, (d) horticultural crops, (e) medicinal plants and (f) animal feed crops. Small-scale forest agroforestry patterns can provide economic, ecological, and social benefits. By knowing various alternative agroforestry cropping patterns, communities will be more motivated to improve their small-scale forest management to increase their economy.
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DUKENOV, Z., A. RAKHIMZHANOV, R. AKHMETOV, D. DOSMANBETOV, K. ABAYEVA, Y. BORISSOVA, Z. RAKYMBEKOV, et al. "REFORESTATION POTENTIAL OF TUGAI FORESTS IN THE FLOODPLAINS OF SYR DARYA AND ILI RIVERS IN THE TERRITORY OF KAZAKHSTAN." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 55, no. 5 (October 31, 2023): 1768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.28.
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In the present era, assumptions on tugai forests consist of a complex floodplain ecosystem (reed-cattail thickets, gallery forests, halophytic shrubs, and grass biocenoses) of various ecological levels located from the water’s edge to the upper floodplains and riverine shafts. Anthropogenic transformations disrupted the natural dynamics of the tugai ecosystem. The presented study sought to characterize the current state of tugai forests in different regions of Kazakhstan to conduct monitoring of forest entomology and determine the reforestation potential of tugai plants in the floodplains of the Syr Darya and Ili rivers of Kazakhstan. The recent work focused on vital aspects associated with reinstating tugai forests. Special monitoring of forest pests progressed for the timely detection of their reproduction bulk, foci development, and plan extinction measures. The forest entomology monitoring results revealed the destruction of plants due to leaf-gnawing and gall-forming insect pests. A laid out 27 test areas investigated the dynamics of the undergrowth in tugai forests. The reproductive capacity of the plants, viz., Populus diversifolia, Elaeágnus angustifólia, Sálix acutifólia, and Salix wilhelmsiana, attained evaluation. Natural renaissance under the main forest-forming rocks’ characterization in tugai plantations was good.
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Stępień, Edyta. "Invasion of synanthropic plants into the forest vegetation of the Cedynia Landscape Park (NW Poland)." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10119-009-0020-4.
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Invasion of synanthropic plants into the forest vegetation of the Cedynia Landscape Park (NW Poland)The distribution of synanthropic plants was studied in the Cedynia Landscape Park (Cedyński Park Krajobrazowy), with particular reference to alien species and their capability to penetrate into forest ecosystems. The research was conducted by the cartogram method in the Atpol system (1-km grid squares). The Park is situated within the Western Pomeranian Province and includes two large woodland complexes: the Piasek Forest (Puszcza Piaskowa) and the Mieszkowice Forest (Lasy Mieszkowickie). The forest vegetation is exposed to various forms of human pressure. Results of this study show that the vascular flora of forests of the Park is composed of 609 species: 506_native taxa (277_non-synanthropic spontaneophytes and 229_apophytes) and 107_anthropophytes (49_archaeophytes, 48_kenophytes, and 9_diaphytes). Most synanthropic plants in the studied forests occur near roads, cottages, and river banks. Contributions of various historical-geographic groups to the total number of species varied between forest types, but apophyte species were usually most numerous. In contrast to some earlier reports, not only alien but also native species were found to be more diverse near forest roads than in the forest interior. Spontaneophytes are equally diverse, while apophytes are much more diverse near roads.
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Maranho, Álisson Sobrinho, Cleber Ibraim Salimon, and Daniel Da Silva Costa. "Woody flora of natural forest gaps in a bamboo-dominated forest remnant in southwestern Amazonia." Check List 12, no. 3 (June 3, 2016): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.3.1891.
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Abstract: Forest gaps, created by the falling of one or more trees, have been seen as a key factor for the maintenance of local plant diversity in tropical forests. In this study, our goal was to determine the floristic composition of woody plants colonizing natural gaps and in the understory of an open, bamboo-dominated (Guadua weberbaueri Pilg.) forest in southwestern Amazonia, Acre, Brazil. We sampled and identified woody plants (≥1 m tall and DBH≤10 cm) in 20 forest gaps and nine adjacent understories. In total, 1656 plants were identified in 159 species, 116 genera and 45 families. A list of species was created, containing habitat, habit, functional group, threat status (Brazilian Flora Red List) and abundance data for each species.
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Pilková, Ivana. "Species Structure of Plants in the Báb Forest after Logging." Ekológia (Bratislava) 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2015-0028.
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Abstract In the submitted paper, we have summarised the results of a research that was realised in the locality of the Báb forest (village Veľky Báb, Nitra loess upland). In the area of Báb forest, we were able to document 134 higher plants on 32 permanent research plots (PRP) during 2013. One hundred and twenty-three taxa were documented in the PRP areas situated on clearcuts, whil only 75 were found in the PRP areas located in forest covers. On PRP of clearcuts, there was the highest cover of herb layer; on the other hand, in the forest cover, there was a higher cover of shrub and tree layer. The highest differences in life-forms between two groups of PRP (clearcuts/forest) were detected by hemicryptophytes and terophytes. On all the 32 areas, the biggest number of species belonged to the indigenous species and apophytes. The biggest differences between forests and clearcuts are shown in a representation of C- strategies. The species composition of the Báb forest has changed mainly due to creation of clearcut areas in November 2006. The logging created suitable conditions for the penetration of heliophilious non-indigenous species from the surrounding (mainly anthropogenic) habitats. That is why there are largely synanthropic and non-indigenous taxa represented on permanent clearcut areas, which are spreading further to the forest cover as well as distant areas of the Báb forest.
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Saksonov, Sergey Vladimirovich, Nikolai Sergeevich Rakov, Vladimir Mikhailovich Vasjukov, and Stepan Aleksandrovich Senator. "Alien plants in forest communities of the Middle Volga Region: dissemination and degree of naturalization." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201762115.
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In forest communities of the Middle Volga forest-steppe zone (within Penza, Samara and Ulyanovsk Regions) there are 60 alien species of vascular plants. 25 species of adventives (42%) have naturalized in forests, 7 species are epecophytes ( Cotoneaster lucidus , Oenothera biennis , O. rubricaulis , and O. villosa , Populus suaveolens , Ulmus minor , Xanthoxalis stricta ) and 18 species are agriophytes ( Acer negundo , Amelanchier spicata , Bidens frondosa , Caragana arborescens , Conyza canadensis , Echinocystis lobata , Heracleum sosnowskyi , Impatiens parviflora , Fraxinus lanceolata , F. pennsylvanica , Lonicera tatarica , Lupinus polyphyllus , Malus domestica , Parthenocissus inserta , Salix euxina , Sambucus racemosa , S. sibirica , Ulmus pumila ). Transformer-types are arboreal - Acer negundo , Fraxinus lanceolata , F. pennsylvanica , Parthenocissus inserta , Ulmus pumila , as well as herbaceous plants - Bidens frondosa , Conyza canadensis , Echinocystis lobata , Heracleum sosnowskyi , Impatiens parviflora . The introduction of alien trees and shrubs in the forest can lead to dense thickets, disrupt underbrush resumption and main forest-forming species growth, as well as negatively affect the herbaceous layer. Most vulnerable to the introduction of adventive plants are roadsides and the places where forests are close to human settlements. The introduction of alien plants in forest communities is the result of ornithochory (33; 54%), anemochory (11 species; 18%), anthropochory (8 species; 13%) or a combination of various ways of introduction.
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Durazzo, Alessandra, Massimo Lucarini, Massimo Zaccardelli, and Antonello Santini. "Forest, Foods, and Nutrition." Forests 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111182.
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Forest ecosystems are an important biodiversity environment resource for many species. Forests and trees play a key role in food production and have relevant impact also on nutrition. Plants and animals in the forests make available nutrient-rich food sources, and can give an important contributions to dietary diversity, quality, and quantity. In this context, the Special Issue, entitled “Forest, Food and Nutrition”, is focused on the understanding of the intersection and linking existing between forests, food, and nutrition.
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Goychuk, А. F., V. F. Drozda, І. М. Kulbanska, and М. V. Shvets. "Bacterioses of forest woody plants in the forests of Polissya and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science 10, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/forest2019.02.014.
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Rédei, Tamás, Anikó Csecserits, Barbara Lhotsky, Sándor Barabás, György Kröel-Dulay, Gábor Ónodi, and Zoltán Botta-Dukát. "Plantation forests cannot support the richness of forest specialist plants in the forest-steppe zone." Forest Ecology and Management 461 (April 2020): 117964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117964.
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Samsonova, I. D., and Do Van Thaо. "Resources of birch trees and their productivity for honey collection in conditions of the Leningrad region." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-59-2-149-155.
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The Leningrad Oblast has a rich food base for bees on forest land. Still, currently, there is no regulatory basis for assessing the honey resources of birch forest land at the regional level. Therefore, forest areas with woody, shrubby or herbaceous plants as part of the woody, shrubby or herbaceous layer are used as a forage base for bees. The birch forests of the Leningrad region are the second largest in terms of the area covered. The research aims to carry out an inventory of honey resources and determine honey productivity for the primary honey plants under the birch canopy and forest edges. We used a proven survey methodology for counting plants of the understorey at the experimental sites. The study presented 71 species from 31 families of melliferous plants of blueberry, wormwood and herb-meadow birch forests. Significant melliferous plants under the birch canopy are Aegopodium podagraria L. (herb-twine and sagebrush birch, 57 kilograms/hectare); Vaccinium myrtillus L. (birch bilberry and acidic birch, 27 kilograms/hectare); Veronica chamaedrys L. (acidic birch, 24 kilograms/hectare). Rubus idaeus L. (107 kg/ha) has maximum honey production in the forest margins. The honey yield of Frangula Alnus Mill. and Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop is 50-60 kg/ha; the honey yield of Trifolium medium L. is 32 kg/ha. The evaluation of the birch woodlands showed that the studied components of the forest phytocenosis are characterized by a significant number of honey-bearing plant species that have a wide range of honey productivity.
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Pratama, Prila Wahyu, and Fatma Ulfatun Najicha. "LEGAL STUDY OF ADMINISTRATION OF COMMUNITY FOREST PRODUCTS, NATURAL FORESTS, AND PLANTS IN PRODUCTION FORESTS." UNTAG Law Review 6, no. 1 (July 11, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/ulrev.v6i1.3153.
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<span class="fontstyle0">Administration of forest products is a government program in this case the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The purpose of this PUHH is to ensure, record, and maintain forest product exploitation activities so that they are in accordance with the law and have benefits for both the state and the surrounding community. In the forestry law, it is explained that forests can be managed and utilized by the state as natural resources and land rights can also be granted to individuals with several licensing mechanisms. The implementation is now with the<br />development of technology, the information system and data processing as well as audits are carried out online to be effective and efficient in recording. PUHH that can be utilized are forests classified as private/people's forest, natural forest, and plantation forest in production forest.</span> <br /><br />
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RAUT, Ninad B., Umeshkumar L. TIWARI, Bhupendra S. ADHIKARI, Gopal S. RAWAT, and Srikant CHANDOLA. "Population Status of Commercially Important Medicinal Plants in Dehradun Forest Division, Uttarakhand (India)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5, no. 2 (May 28, 2013): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb528299.
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The objective of forest management in the tropics, in recent decades, has shifted from timber production to biodiversity conservation and maintenance of life support system. However, past forestry practices have greatly influenced the structure of plant communities, preponderance of foreign invasive species, populations of high value medicinal plants as well as other non-wood forest products. We assessed the abundance and distribution of medicinal plants in managed and undisturbed forests of Dehradun Forest Division (DFD), Uttarakhand (India). A total of 80 transects (each 1 km long) were laid in various categories of forest types in DFD. This paper deals with distribution, availability and regeneration status of five commercially important species viz., Justicia adhatoda, Aegle marmelos, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula, across different forest types. The study reveals that open canopy forest patches, Lantana infested patches and Acacia catechu-Dalbergia sissoo (Khair -Shisam) woodlands in the eastern part of the DFD have excellent potential for the production and sustainable harvest of Justicia adhatoda. Areas those are less suitable for timber production viz., open hill forests, have greater potential for conservation and development of Aegle marmelos, Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia bellirica. For the production and management of high value medicinal plants in the DFD these ecological considerations need to be kept in mind.
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Essens, Tijl, Euridice Leyequién, Carmen Pozo, Henricus F. M. Vester, and Hector A. Hernández-Arana. "Effects of climate and forest age on plant and caterpillar diversity in the Yucatan, Mexico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, no. 5 (August 1, 2014): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467414000364.
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Abstract:Understanding patterns in plant and herbivorous insect diversity across spatial and temporal scales is fundamental to ecology, but comparative multi-taxonomic studies in tropical seasonally dry forests remain scarce. In 36 sites, distributed over three forest age classes (5–10 y, 10–30 y, >100 y) and three seasonal forest types (dry, intermediate, humid), we sampled plants of different stem diameter classes while caterpillars were sampled across vertically distributed forest layers during three seasons over the year. We recorded 299 plant species and 485 caterpillar morphospecies. For large woody plants, species numbers showed a gradually increasing trend with forest age in the intermediate and humid forest types, while the main portion of explained variation in overall species turnover was accounted for by the forest type × forest age interaction (21.3–23.1% of 44.4–48.7%). Ordinations and multivariate pairwise comparisons suggested a faster but also very distinct successional development of species diversity of large plants in the driest compared with humid and intermediate forest types. In contrast, highest species numbers of small plants in the undergrowth was often found in the 5–10 y-old vegetation across forest types, whereas forest type was the major factor in overall species turnover (contributing 24.2% of 48.7% explained variation). Caterpillar species turnover was most correlated to species turnover of small plants; however, variation in caterpillar species diversity appears to be mostly regulated by seasonal cues, and to a lesser extent by patterns of regional turnover and local diversity of undergrowth plant species.
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Forni-Martins, Eliana Regina, and Fernando Roberto Martins. "Chromosome studies on Brazilian cerrado plants." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 4 (December 2000): 947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000400040.
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Cerrado is the Brazilian name for the neotropical savanna, which occurs mainly in Brazilian Central Plateau, composed of herbaceous-subshrubby and shrubby-arboreal floras, both of which are heliophilous, highly diverse and regionally differentiated. Considering species distribution and chromosome numbers, some authors have proposed that the herbaceous-subshrubby flora of the neotropical savanna is quite old, while the shrubby-arboreal flora is derived from forests, a hypothesis that implies higher chromosome numbers in the savanna than in the forest. If, however, chromosome numbers are similar in the cerrado and in forests, both could be similarly old, indicating that bi-directional flow of flora occurred in the past. This paper presents data on chromosome numbers and microsporogenesis for 20 species in 13 families collected in the States of São Paulo, Goiás and Minas Gerais, providing previously unpublished data for Myrcia (Myrtaceae), Luxemburgia (Ochnaceae) and Hortia (Rutaceae). Meiosis proved to be normal, indicating regularity in the sexual reproductive process. Chromosome numbers varied from 2n = 18 (Allamanda angustifolia: Apocynaceae) to 2n = ca. 104 (Ouratea spectabilis: Ochnaceae), being low (20 < 2n < 30) in most of the species. Since similar numbers have been observed with forest species, it is not, at the moment, possible to support the hypothesis that cerrado species derived from the surrounding forests. Instead, we suggest the possibility of a bi-directional exchange of floristic elements between cerrado and forests during evolutionary time.
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de Rouw, Anneke. "Regeneration by sprouting in slash and burn rice cultivation, Taï rain forest, Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 4 (November 1993): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007471.
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ABSTRACTIn 14 forest plots (36 m2) all terrestrial plant species were recorded before slashing and burning of the vegetation. During subsequent cultivation with rainfed rice all resprouting plants were registered in permanent plots (72 m2). The fields studied (one per forest) covered all combinations of forest type and soil usually cultivated on local farms. Forest plots (total 409 species) and field plots (358 species) had 226 species in common. Most resprouting plants were woody. Though nine forests in the sample were secondary, 70% of resprouting plants belonged to primary forest species and with three exceptions, these species did not regenerate by seed.Experiments in one field inlcuded: different intensities of initial burning, weeding (none, once, twice) and length of the rice cultivation period (1, 2, 3 y). Resprouting plants were monitored in permanent plots (108 m2) during 3 y of cultivation and 2 y of fallow. More plants resprouted after a mild initial burning (5.8 plants m−2) than after a burn of normal intensity (1.4 plants m−2). Weeding and prolonged cultivation strongly reduced species diversity but plant densities were less affected because some climbers and trees were apparently stimulated and expanded.Fields abandoned after one rice harvest had, within six months, a closed forest canopy of pioneer trees emerging from the pre-existing seed bank and from the growth of resprouting trees. Prolonged cultivation (3 y) destroyed the pre-existing seed bank but affected sprouting plants less, these being the only component in the vegetation able to shade out weeds and forbs such as Chromolaena odorata.
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Rawat, R., and Vaneet Jishtu. "Non-timber forest produces from Western Himalayan Forests." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2006-q5hk3x.
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The present article communicates information on importance of some potential Non-Timber Forest Produces, viz. fibres, floss, grasses, bamboos, canes, essential oils, oil seeds, tannins, dyes, gums, resins, medicines, spices, edible wild plants, animal and mineral products from Western Himalayan forests.
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Rambey, R., M. Nusantary, F. Sihite, M. H. Saputra, Y. Kembaren, S. Sahala, and M. Marpaung. "Diversity of undergrowth types in frankincense stands in Humbang Hasundutan Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1302, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1302/1/012046.
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Abstract Understory plants are one of Indonesia’s biodiversity. The presence of undergrowth has an important role in the ecosystem and economy of the surrounding community. Research on the diversity of understory plants in the Frankincense forest has never been carried out. This research aims to determine the diversit y of understory plants in incense stands in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Sampling was carried out using understory vegetation analysis plots. Analysis of the distribution pattern of incense using the standardized Morisita’s index. Based on the results of vegetation analysis at the understory level, 27 types of understory plants were found in community forests, with the most dominant type found being the fern (Diplazium esculentum) with an IVI value of 25.90%. In the protected forest, 16 types of understory plants were found with the most dominant type being Etlingera elatior with an IVI value of 31.48%. Species diversity in community forests (2.76) is in the medium category and in protected forests (2.48) is in the medium category. Species richness (R) in Community Forests is 4.34 in the medium category and in protected forests is low (2.36).
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Mayangsari, Ayu, Indriyanto ., Afif Bintoro, and Surnayanti . "Identification of Medicinal Plants in The Area of KPPH Farmer at Talang Mulya on Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl171-9.
Full textAbstract:
Forests are a source of various types of medicinal plants. Plants that live wildly in forest areas are also included in the Forest Park area, Wan Abdul Rachman. Type identification is the first step for the use and preservation of these medicinal plants. Therefore a study was conducted which aims to determine the types, density of each population and the degree of dominance of each population of medicinal plants. This research was carried out in the farmer's group cultivated area of Kelompok Pengelola dan Pelestari Hutan (KPPH) Talang Mulya Tahura Wan Abdul Rachman. This research was conducted using a double plot method. The number of sample plots is 87 plots, each measuring 2m x 2m. The variables observed included plant species, the density of each population and the degree of dominance of each population of medicinal plants. The results of this study were identified 29 types of medicinal plants belonging to 18 plant families. The majority of medicinal plants are dominated by awar-awar, while the lowest is the curcuma and pepper. There are quite a lot of medicinal plants in the area cultivated by KPPH Talang Mulya farmers, but there are medicinal plants which are threatened by populations such as temulawak, allegedly because they are used by the community without cultivation.Keyword: forest, forest park, medical plants.
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Yusro, Fathul, Gusti Hardiansyah, Erianto Erianto, Yeni Mariani, Aripin Aripin, Hendarto Hendarto, and Denni Nurdwiansyah. "Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants in Tawang Serimbak Forest, Ensaid Panjang Village, Sintang Regency." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v20i2.1933.
Full textAbstract:
Non-forest estate (APL) such as Tawang Serimbak need to be maintained because they store various flora that is useful for human life, one of which is medicinal plants. The research objective is to identify, analyze the potential, and to know the protection status of medicinal plants found in the Tawang Serimbak forest. The method of research were making a 100x100 m (square) cluster. At the center of the square placed a circular plot within 0.1 Ha (0.5 Ha of each cluster). Four circular subplots were made in each plot consisting of 1 m radius seedling subplot, 2 m for stake subplot, pole subplot (5 m radius), and 17.8 m for tree subplot. Data of species, efficacy, and protection status (IUCN) were identified, and the potency of plants were analyzed using plants density (number of plants/Ha). Tawang Serimbak forest has been identified as having 49 species of medicinal plants. Some species have great potentials such as Galearia fulva, Shorea uliginosa, and Alseodaphne sp. A total of 9 species of medicinal plants were identified in protected status, two of which were endangered; namely, Lithocarpus maingayi, Shorea uliginosa, and one other species with Endangered (critical) status, namely Santiria rubiginosa. Protection of forests in APL by the community can maintain the biodiversity of medicinal plants. The existence of the Tawang Serimbak forest needs to be protected and turned into a forest with high conservation value (HCV).