Relevant bibliographies by topics / Forest plants

Academic literature on the topic 'Forest plants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Forest plants"

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Tambunan, Julian, I. Ketut Ginantra, and Ni Luh Watiniasih. "Diversitas Serangga Hutan Tanah Gambut Di Palangkaraya Kalimantan Tengah." Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2019.v06.i02.p04.

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This study aims to determine the diversity of insects and plants used as a habitat in unburned and previously burned peat land forests in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan. Insects were collected by beating the branches of plants, aerial sweeping, pitfall traps and light traps. Plants were identified in situ or plant samples were collected and identified later in the Lab. The diversity of insects were compared between unburned and previously burned peat forests by analyzing its index diversity (H’) and index of similarity (IS). In total, the insects collected from unburned peat forest were 551 individual, belongs to 12 order and 51 families, and 431 individual insects were collected from previously burned peat forest which belongs to 10 order and 38 families. The family of insects that most frequently found at both areas was Formicidae (Hymenoptera). The insects diversity of both forests were still high, that is H' = 3,45 of unburned peat forest and H '= 3,11 of previously burned peat forest, with the similarity index IS > 50% of both peat forests. The number of plant species found was higher in unburned peat forest (38 species) than in previously burned peat forest (9 species). The previously burned forest was dominated by Acacia plants, while in unburned peat forest the plants seem to evenly spread.
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Yang, Jiangnan, Deming Wang, Le Liu, and Yi Zhou. "Fern-like Plants Establishing the Understory of the Late Devonian Xinhang Lycopsid Forest." Life 14, no. 5 (May 8, 2024): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14050602.

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Forests appeared during the Middle to Late Devonian, but Devonian forests and their compositions are still rarely known. Xinhang forest was reported as the largest Devonian forest, with lycopsid trees of Guangdedendron micrum Wang et al. A fern-like plant Xinhangia spina Yang and Wang with shoots and anatomy, was previously described from this forest, but its habit and ecology remain unclear. From Xinhang forest, we now report more specimens of fern-like plants including X. spina and some unnamed plants in several beds. Prominent adventitious roots, spines and secondary xylem indicate that the stems of X. spina are largely procumbent to function as anchorage, absorption and support. Other fern-like plants with distinct roots or multiple slender branches also suggest procumbent habits. Xinhang forest is thus reconsidered as multispecific with a canopy of lycopsid trees and understory of diverse fern-like plants, which are adapted to the disturbed coastal environment. The composition of Xinhang forest may indicate a structural transition of the early forests’ dominator from fern-like plants to lycopsids.
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Pangau-Adam, Margaretha, Jolanta Slowik, Jan-Niklas Trei, and Matthias Waltert. "Negative Effects of Logging on Bird Dispersed Plants in Northern Papuan Lowland Forest, Indonesia." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211031171.

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Many plants in New Guinean rainforest have relatively larger fruits than those in other tropical forests and may depend on large animal dispersers, but little is known about the impacts of forest disturbance, especially logging, on the species composition and abundance of these trees. In order to provide a baseline for the understanding of their vulnerability, we counted fruiting plants and measured habitat parameters in primary and human-altered habitats in the little studied lowland forest of northern Papua, Indonesia. During the surveys coinciding with peak fruit season, eighty-nine species were recorded in fruit, with 71 species in 24 families known to be consumed by birds, and most of them (97%) were trees. The diversity of bird-consumed fruiting plants differed among the habitat types and was highest in undisturbed primary forest and hunted primary forest. Secondary forests still had a high number of species and individuals but were dominated by light demanding plants and a low number of uniquely found species. Logged forest and agricultural habitats showed only a low abundance of bird-consumed fruiting plants, being about 2-3 times lower than in primary forests. Plants with large sized fruits (diam. > 20 mm) were mainly found in primary forests, confirming their importance for maintaining interactions between large frugivorous birds and plants that are of relevance for forest regeneration.
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Прока, Ирина, Irina Proka, Сергей Бабынин, and Sergey Babynin. "CREATING FOREST PLANTS OF MULTI-PURPOSE RESOURCE USE BY FORESTRY METHODS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c3de3887620f5.55458216.

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Based on the results of the analysis and assessment of the problem of meeting the growing needs of resource forest management in relatively densely populated areas with developed transport infrastructure, within the framework of the developed concept of ensuring the intensification of forest reproduction and use by creating forest plantations with silvicultural methods, one of the ways to solve the problem is to develop for the practical application of the target forest management systems for the creation of forest plantations of many special purpose resources, distinguished by relatively high ecological properties, potential for efficient integrated use of forest resources, which creates the possibility (due to their use) of preserving and reducing the intensity of exploitation of valuable forest ecosystems of natural and natural economic origin. To achieve this goal, based on the use of two types of technological organization of territories of different types of forests and potential productivity of cultivated plantation stands, the interrelated implementation of all activities of the forest regeneration cycle is provided. They are organically combined with a relatively intensive multi-purpose resource forest use throughout the forest reproduction cycle. In turn, effective measures for the protection and preservation of forests are ensured by integrating them into phased measures of thinning throughout all stages of forest growth, as well as by rational organization of the creation and use of forest plantations by silvicultural methods. At the same time, measures are provided for forest users to motivate the use of forest-established forest use - the creation and operation of forest plantations, taking into account the introduction of reasonable changes to the Forest Code to expand the possibilities of planted forest growing while preserving environmentally valuable forests.
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Ульданова and Railya Uldanova. "Formation forest fitotsenozov Volga River right banks." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 1 (September 7, 2014): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3833.

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The coastal forests, presented by valuable deciduous and coniferous forests, grow in the northeastern and eastern parts of the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan, skirting the high right bank of the Volga River. They contribute to the maintenance of biological diversity in nature. The study of the formation of coastal forest phytocenoses, their species diversity and the modern state is now urgent work, and development activities for the conservation of natural habitats of plants, improve the sustainability of forest ecosystems are perspective direction. According to research of the forests of the right bank of the river Volga, we present the structure of coastal forest ecosystems. The association of forest ecosystems to the various elements of the relief was installed. The types of soil and litter were presented. The estimation of α-diversity of vascular herbaceous plants and ß-diversity of the studied forest ecosystems were reported. The largest number of species of vascular plants in coastal forests are: oak plant communities; a second group includes birch plants, pine and willow; the third group - the lime and larch; the fourth group - maple plant communitie. The ß-diversity index (Whittaker’s index) of plants in the studied forests varies between 2.2-6.8. The Jaccard coefficient of floristic similarity between forest ecosystems varies from 0.01 to 0.30, which confirms the diversity of generated by coastal forest ecosystems. The greatest diversity of plants was found in forests of ash and mixed grass, mixed grass willow, oak and lime-grove, maple, ash and mixed grass larches, birch wood. The forestry activities in coastal areas should be aimed at creating productive, sustainable forest ecosystems with a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna.
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Fornal-Pieniak, Beata, Barbara Żarska, and Marcin Ollik. "Effects of Adjacent Land Use Types on the Composition of Vascular Flora in Urban Forest Ecotones in the Southern Poland." Forests 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111440.

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The purpose of the research was the recognition of edge effects regarding similarities and differences of vascular flora in undergrowth layers in the urban forest ecotones. Four types of urban forest neighborhoods were analyzed: ecotones adjacent to the manor park, the agriculture field, housing estates and the road. The plant compositions in the forest ecotones were compared with the plant compositions in the urban forest interior and the forest nature reserve. The phytosociological type of studied forests was a subcontinental oak-hornbeam one (Tilio-Carpinetum). Diagnostic plant species (e.g., characteristic) for forests from the non-diagnostic ones were identified. Forest consistent plant species dominated in the ecotone adjacent to the manor park and in the interior of urban forests too, but the best conditions for these plants were inside the forest nature reserve, where native consistent forest plants showed the highest dominance when comparing all studied areas. A higher anthropogenic pressure from the adjacent areas results in supporting the growth of inconsistent plant species in the forests, and these plants are mostly represented by plants belonging to grass and synanthropic communities. Another conclusion drawn from our research is that the protected forest, represented by a nature reserve in the city, provides better “shelter” for native forest plants than the urban forest without any protection. Ultimately, a permanent challenge is to achieve and maintain the balance between nature and the impact of anthropogenic activities on urban forests in the city. The high quality of green areas, biodiversity, including forests, implicates possibilities of sustainable development in cities. The research results will be useful for local urban planners and ecologists during their work on strategies of city development, including shaping of green infrastructure.
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Korchikov, Evgeniy Sergeevich, and Sofya Alexandrovna Pushkina. "CONCERNING THE «BUZULUKSKY BOR» NATIONAL PARK FOREST COMMUNITIES MEDICINAL PLANTS." Samara Journal of Science 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20152130.

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The are 266 medicinal vascular plants from 181 genera, 64 families, 5 phylum (Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Pteridophyta, Pinophyta, Magnoliophyta) in the Buzuluksky Bor national park. 67 species of medicinal vascular plants from 59 genera, 27 families and 4 phylum grows in forest communities, which are the most widespread such plants as Chelidonium majus L., Convallaria majalis L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Lve, Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, Taraxacum officinalis L. and Pinus sylvestris L. Increasing number of medicinal plants has a considerable projective covering in oak forests. 30 species of medicinal plants, most of all their share in the maple forests are specific to a certain type of forest communities. The greatest similarities of specific structure of medicinal plants are oak and birch communities. The number of medicinal plants in forest communities decreases among: oak forests (35 species) birch forests (33 species) pine forests (30 species) maple forests (29 species). With increase in a gigrotope and reduction of a trofotope in community of the national park Buzuluksky Bor located in a forest-steppe zone a variety of medicinal plants increases, however the heliotope has no significant impact on number of medicinal plants. In the territory of national park Buzuluksky Bor it is recommended to collect herbs only in a recreational zone and a zone of informative tourism, and in oak and birch forests. Convallaria majalis, Pteridium aquilinum, Aegopodium podagraria, Polygonatum odoratum are less vulnerable when collecting medicinal raw materials.
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Lobova, Tatyana A., and Scott A. Mori. "Epizoochorous dispersal by bats in French Guiana." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 5 (August 9, 2004): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001634.

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In neotropical forests many species of plant depend on animals for pollination and seed dispersal and it has been well documented that bats play an essential role in dispersal of many flowering plants (Gardner 1977). Bats are responsible for colonization of plants into forest gaps because they often disperse the seeds of plants adapted for growth in disturbed areas. Species of Cecropia, Piper, Solanum and Vismia are especially important pioneer plants, and bats play a critical role in the dispersal of these secondary woody species into both secondary and primary forests, and into the seed bank (de Foresta et al. 1984, Lobova et al. 2003).
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Oluyinka Christopher, Ariyo. "Comparative Analyses of Diversity and Similarity Indices of West Bank Forest and Block A Forest of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Forestry Research 2020 (March 31, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4865845.

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Comparative analyses of diversity and similarity indices of west bank and block A forest of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were carried out by the vegetation survey using transects and plot sampling techniques. Six transects {A (270°W), B (90°E), C (180°S), D, E (0°N), and F (180°W)} were constructed with the aid of prismatic compass in west bank forest and block A forest. 10 sampling plots of 10 m × 10 m were demarcated along each transect making 30 plots in each forest, and a total number of 60 plots were used for the study. Complete enumeration and identification of plants were carried out in each plot. The results showed that block A forest had 167 plant species from 58 families while west bank forest had 146 plant species from 56 families. A total number of 219 plant species from 70 families and 5804 individual plants were recorded in the two forests. West bank forest had higher values of all the diversity indices and Gamma diversity except Margalef’s community diversity index and alpha diversity index which were high in block A forest. Sorensen’s and Jaccard similarity indices of plants between west bank forest and block A forest were 59.42% and 42.66%, while the dissimilarity index of 40.58% was recorded. Thus, the two forests are richer and diverse in plant species; adequate protection of the two forests should be a priority to prevent loss of diversity of plants. Cutting of poles from the forests should be stopped.
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Mahmoudi, Beytollah, Eric Ng, Davood Mafi-Gholami, and Fatemeh Eshaghi. "Forest Dwellers’ Dependence on Forest Resources in Semi-Arid Environments." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032689.

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Forests remain an important resource in Iran, as most of the livelihood activities of local communities, especially in the semi-arid environment of the Zagros forests, are dependent on forest resources. The aim of this study was to identify the type and extent of forest dependency. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from 170 households in Central Zagros. Results show that using firewood for fuel and non-fuel uses, harvesting edible and medicinal plants, agriculture and horticulture, and livestock grazing were the main forest livelihood activities undertaken by the households in the study area. On average, each household harvested 18.08 cubic meters of oak per year for water heating (bathing), baking bread, heating, cooking, heating milk and buttermilk, agricultural tools, house building, warehouses and shelters, fencing, branches for livestock, charcoal and harvesting firewood for sale. Of rural households, 72% used edible plants, and 86% used medicinal plants. Age, job, residence status, number of livestock, crop farming and household size were found to be correlated with forest dependency. Findings from this study contribute broadly to an integrated understanding of the bio-human dimensions of forest ecosystems, with specific reference to the study area.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forest plants"

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Hewitt, Nina. "Plant dispersal and colonization in fragmented forest systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ43425.pdf.

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Tyler, Marnie W. "Forests of the western Olympic Peninsula : understory plant species diversity, forest policy, and landscape pattern /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5464.

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McManus, Erin Michael. "Primary succession of lianas in an Amazonian floodplain forest /." Electronic thesis, 2003. http://etd.wfu.edu/theses/available/etd-11292003-151813/.

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Naficy, Cameron Edwards. "Changes in forest structure and composition associated with unique land use histories:." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12012008-173306/unrestricted/Naficy_Cameron_Thesis.pdf.

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Addessi, Andrew David. "Urban Impacts to Forest Productivity, Soil Quality, and Canopy Structure in Forest Park, Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3881.

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Land use practices and exposure to low impact disturbances associated with an urban environment can alter forest structure and function. Past and ongoing research in Forest Park, a large urban forest in Portland, Oregon, suggests that mature mixed Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga meziesii)-hardwood stands in the more urban end of the park lack a shade-tolerant conifer understory composed of the late successional conifer tree species, such western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western red-cedar (Thuja plicata). 5-year plot remeasurement data that characterizes productivity and mortality patterns did not show a strong relationship to urban proximity. Plot productivity was generally consistent with values taken from studies of other similarly aged (~100 years old) Douglas-fir /Western Hemlock stands. Mortality was highest in rural plots, and was driven by large windthrow events to canopy trees. Soil organic matter, soil pH, and depth of organic horizon indicated a legacy of soil impact in urban areas most impacted by past intensive logging. The urban mature plot had higher mean soil pH at site (5.87, se: ±0.06) compared to a rural mature, and old growth reference sites located within the park. Although surface organic and A layer soil horizon depth was thinnest at the urban mature site, soil organic matter was not found to be significantly different across sites. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data showed that old-growth plots and plots in the middle section of the park had the highest degree of canopy structure as measured by Rumple and standard deviation of point elevation. Measures of stand height showed OG plots and urban plots to have the tallest trees. Rural plots showed a high degree of variability in all LiDAR metrics, showing a wider range of stand height and complexity than urban and middle plots. These results suggest that past land-use and urban proximity affect plot level productivity, soil quality, and above-ground canopy structure in Forest Park. These results clarify how the lack of late-successional tree species might be most linked to differing histories of intensive logging activity within the park. Reduced old-growth legacy features (remnant seed trees, coarse woody debris) in plots with a clear history of aggressive clear-cuts has led to a reduction in regeneration of western hemlock and western red-cedar in the understory.
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Persson, Jörgen. "Organic nitrogen uptake by boreal forest plants /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s265-ab.html.

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Rezende, Andreia Alves. "Comunidade de lianas e sua associação com arvores em uma floresta estacional semidecidual." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315445.

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Orientador: Neusa Taroda Ranga
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:57:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rezende_AndreiaAlves_D.pdf: 680315 bytes, checksum: 35c8e450ad258314b9f2c48dbcf0cd7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Lianas são plantas que germinam no solo, mantêm-se enraizadas durante toda a vida e necessitam de suporte físico para alcançarem o dossel. Elas são membros característicos das florestas tropicais, onde contribuem com cerca de 25% da diversidade vegetal. Às vezes, dominam a vegetação, principalmente em áreas perturbadas. Lianas competem com árvores por nutrientes e luz, e influenciam a taxa de crescimento e a mortalidade de sua árvore hospedeira. Embora as lianas iniciem sua escalada a partir do chão, muitas colonizam árvores vizinhas pelo dossel da floresta, ¿amarrando-se¿ às outras, podendo ocasionar a queda de várias árvores quando uma delas cai. Devido a sua abundância e o seu impacto sobre as árvores, é de grande importância conhecer os fatores que governam a distribuição e dinâmica das lianas na floresta tropical e, assim, desenvolver estratégias de uso sustentável. Assim, os objetivos desta tese foram: (1) avaliar a riqueza e abundância das lianas e (2) a relação das lianas com as características do hospedeiro e com a estrutura da floresta. O trabalho foi realizado em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, com cerca de 435,73 ha, na Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria, SP. Foram amostradas 100 parcelas de 10 x 10 m (1 ha). As lianas com diâmetro ³ 1 cm e as árvores ³ 3 cm enraizadas nas parcelas foram medidas no DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito - 1,30m) e identificadas. Amostrou-se 1427 indivíduos de 45 espécies de lianas, pertencentes a 14 famílias, sendo as mais ricas: Bignoniaceae (14 espécies), Sapindaceae (nove) e Malpighiaceae (seis), e as mais abundantes Bignoniaceae, Sapindaceae e Apocynaceae. A riqueza de lianas foi aproximadamente igual à metade (razão 0,51) da riqueza de árvores (87 espécies). A densidade média de lianas e árvores foi semelhante, cerca de 1400 indivíduos/ha. Melloa quadrivalvis (Bignoniaceae) foi a espécie mais comum na área estudada. Do total de indivíduos de lianas amostrados, 57,6% apresentaram diâmetros entre 1 - 2,5 cm, correspondendo a 95% da riqueza total amostrada. Das 1419 árvores amostradas, 53% carregavam pelo menos uma liana. As espécies menos infestadas que a média geral foram Inga marginata, Piper amalago, Trichia catigua e T. claussenii, e somente uma, Machaerium paraguariense, foi mais infestada que a média, considerando todas as espécies. Os resultados, de modo geral, não apoiaram a hipótese de especificidade entre espécies de lianas e espécies de árvores, pois a riqueza e a diversidade de espécies de lianas aumentaram com a proporção de infestação. Se houvesse especificidade, esperar-se-ia que uma espécie de árvore fosse mais infestada por uma determinada espécie de liana. O mecanismo de escalada das lianas não influenciou o número de árvores que cada liana escalou, embora tenha ocorrido associação positiva entre árvores com casca rugosa e lianas com gavinhas. Considerando-se as características individuais do hospedeiro, as árvores com diâmetros maiores apresentaram maior densidade de lianas. Com relação às características da vizinhança, as diferenças encontradas provavelmente se devem as condições de luminosidade do ambiente. As parcelas com maior proporção de árvores com DAP > 30 cm apresentaram relação negativa significativa com a densidade de lianas. A relação foi positiva em parcelas com maior proporção de árvores com copas £ 3 m de altura. Assim, as evidências deste estudo sugerem que a distribuição das lianas foi mais influenciada por características da comunidade do que pelas características das espécies de árvores presentes
Abstract: Lianas are soil-germinating plants, perennially rooted and which need support to reach the canopy. They are characteristically from the rain forests, where they contribute with near 25% of vegetal diversity. Lianas compete with trees for nutrients and light, influencing growth and mortality rates of its host tree. Although lianas begin their life on the ground, many of them colonize vicinity trees through the forest canopy, ¿tying¿ themselves to the others, and may cause the fall of many trees. Due to their abundance and impact over other trees, it is important to know the factors governing distribution and dynamics of the lianas in order to better understand the rain forest and to develop sustainable strategies. Thus, the aims of this study were: (1) to assess the richness and abundance of lianas, and (2) to establish the relation of lianas with the characteristics of the hosts and the structure of the forest. The research was carried out in a fragment of a Semideciduous Stational Forest with 435.73 ha, at the Paulo de Faria Ecological Station. The sampling consisted of 100 plots of 10 x 10 m (1 ha), allotted in an area of 4 ha. Lianas with a diameter ³ 1 cm and trees ³ 3 cm rooted in the plots were measured in DBH (diameter at breast height ¿1.30m) e identified. In the study area, 1427 individuals were sampled from 45 species of lianas, belonging to 14 families, the richest ones being Bignoniaceae (14 species), Sapindaceae (nine) e Malpighiaceae (six), and the more abundant Bignoniaceae, Sapindaceae e Apocynaceae, adding up to 80% of the sampled individuals. The liana richness was approximately equal to half (ratio 0.51) the tree richness (87 species). Average density of lianas and trees was similar, around 1400 individuals/ha. Melloa quadrivalvis (Bignoniaceae) was the most common species in the study area. From the total number of the sampled liana individuals, 57.6% presented diameters between 1- 2.5 cm, corresponding to 95% of the total sampled richness. Only 26 individuals presented diameter higher than 10 cm. From the 1419 trees with diameter ³ 3 cm, 53% carried at least one liana, with the higher rate of infestation (79%) occurred in the individuals with diameters > 10 cm. Species less infested than the expectation were Inga marginata, Piper amalago, Trichia catigua e T. claussenii. One species, Machaerium paraguariense, was more infested than the expectation. In general, results did not support the hypothesis of species-specificity between lianas and trees, since the richness and diversity of liana species increased with the infestation rate. Climbing mechanism did not influence the number of trees climbed by each liana, although we have found positive association between wrinkled bark and tendrils. Considering the individual characteristics of the host, trees with larger diameters showed higher density of lianas. In relation to the vicinity characteristics, the plots with higher rate of big trees (DBH > 30 cm) showed significant negative relation with the density of lianas. The relation was positive in plots with higher rate of trees with small crown (£ 3 m). Thus, our study showed the association between tree and vicinity characteristics with infestation and density of lianas
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
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Mokonya, Ngomba Henry. "Diversity of vascular plants in Swedish forests. : Comparison among and within forest, partially cut down and clear cut forest communities." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-6063.

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Swedish forests are mostly used for timber harvesting and 96 % of this harvesting is made by clear cutting while only 4 % is effected through other methods such as single tree harvesting. All species are not affected by forestry to same magnitude. Some specifically generalists are not affected at all. Hence, this study, had its aim to find out vascular plant species that persist, disappear or colonize other species as a result of anthropogenic disturbances in different production forests, so as to determine not only if canopy openness affects the species distribution but also the magnitude of the effects. I examined 10 different forest localities during May and June 2008. Three of these localities were made up of clear cut forest plots, 3 with partially cut down forest plots and 4 with undisturbed production forest plots. Species composition and diversity were then compared between these plots. A total of 34 different species were found. Statistical Analysis was made on how well the species in the partially cut down forest plots fitted into the undisturbed forest group as well as comparing this results with results of how counterpart species in the clear cut forest plots fitted into the undisturbed forest groups. These results showed that there was no significant difference, ANOVA values of P = 0.839, 0.602 and 0.564 respectively among the species composition between the forest, partially cut down and clear cut forest groups between the forest, partially cut down and clear cut forest plots. However, among the 54 species found in all study plots, 11 were common between the forest and partially logged sites whereas only Carex sp in the clear cut forest was common to those in the forest plots implying that canopy openness did not affect the total species number but had an effect in species composition. Clear cutting seems to kill off everything but trees and generalists. Hence, resiliency of vegetation should be increased by management practices that ensure the maintenance of prior species.
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Goodwin, Nicholas R. School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Assessing understorey structural characteristics in eucalypt forests: an investigation of LiDAR techniques." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28365.

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The potential of airborne LiDAR technology to quantify forest structure within eucalypt forests has been evaluated with a focus on the understorey stratum. To achieve this, three studies have been undertaken using multiple (4) LiDAR datasets acquired over three test areas located in Wedding Bells State Forest, Coffs Harbour, Australia. Initially, the effects of sensor configuration were evaluated using field measurements collected from three structurally and topographically differing field plots (40 x 90 m areas). Results indicated that canopy height profiles derived from LiDAR data at the plot scale were largely unaffected by a change in platform altitude from 1000 to 3000 m (p > 0.05). In addition, the derivation of individual tree attributes was found to be highly sensitive to the density of LiDAR observations whilst higher platform altitudes showed an increased proportion of single returns over forested areas. In the second study, an innovative field based approach was developed to sample the structure of the understorey (horizontally and vertically) for LiDAR validation purposes. Using two separate LiDAR datasets, this research confirmed that mean understorey height and understorey cover can be effectively mapped in areas of low to medium canopy cover whilst no significant relationship (p > 0.05) was identified between field and LiDAR estimates of maximum understorey height. In the third study, an optimised LiDAR beam interception model was developed and validated, and then applied to assess the interaction of extrinsic and intrinsic factors of the LiDAR survey. This demonstrated that the probability of beam interception through the forest canopy can be affected by factors both intrinsic (e.g. crown cover) and extrinsic (e.g. scan angle) to the structure of the canopy. Overall, the results of this research indicate that optimising the sensor configuration is important to the derivation of particular forest structural attributes and significantly, there is potential for LiDAR technology to provide quantitative and spatially detailed estimates of key understorey attributes such as mean height and cover.
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Nordin, Annika. "Physiological ecology of nitrogen utilisation by forest plants /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5610-X.gif.

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Books on the topic "Forest plants"

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Steven, Foster. Forest pharmacy: Medicinal plants in American forests. Durham, N.C: Forest History Society, 1995.

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Tamil Nadu (India). Forest Dept., ed. The Forest cover report. Madras: Govt. of Tamilnadu, Tamilnadu Forest Dept., 1990.

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Nair, K. K. N. Manual of non-wood forest produce plants of Kerala. Thrissur: Kerala Forest Research Institute, 2000.

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Ribeiro, Rodrigues Ricardo, Leitão Filho, Hermógenes de Freitas., Lima, Maria Isabel R. G., and Kon Sérgio, eds. Matas ciliares: Conservação e recuperação. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Edusp, 2000.

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Duvall, Deborah L. Rabbit plants the forest. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006.

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Shrestha, Bom Prasad. Forest plants of Nepal. Lalitpur: Educational Enterprise, 1989.

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Llamas, Andreu. Plants of the forest. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996.

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Stone, Lynn M. Plants of the rain forest. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Corp., 1994.

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Robertson, S. A. (S. Ann). Kenya coastal forests: The report of the NMK/WWF Coast Forest Survey : WWF Project 3256 : Kenya, Coast Forest Status, Conservation, and Management. [Nairobi]: World Wide Fund for Nature, 1993.

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John, Dawson. Lifestyles of New Zealand forest plants. Wellington [N.Z.]: Victoria University Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Forest plants"

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Sundararaj, R., and M. Mani. "Forest Plants." In Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops, 607–19. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2677-2_67.

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Whitehill, Justin G. A., Jörg Bohlmann, and Paal Krokene. "Forest Insect—Plant Interactions." In Forest Entomology and Pathology, 169–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11553-0_7.

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AbstractInsects and plants dominate terrestrial ecosystems in terms of both species numbers and biomass. Ecological relationships between insects and plants are ubiquitous and insect-plant interactions are important for ecosystem structuring and functioning.
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Hummel, Susan Stevens, and Jane E. Smith. "People and Forest Plants." In People, Forests, and Change, 33–46. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-768-1_3.

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Rinaudo, Tony. "Utilizing the Underground Forest." In Combating Desertification with Plants, 325–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1327-8_31.

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Jacobs, Marius. "Relationships of Plants and Animals." In The Tropical Rain Forest, 138–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72793-1_12.

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Painuli, Sakshi, Prabhakar Semwal, Natália Cruz-Martins, and Rakesh Kumar Bachheti. "Medicinal Plants of Himalayan Forests." In Non-Timber Forest Products, 175–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73077-2_8.

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Reischl, A., M. Reissinger, and O. Hutzinger. "Organic Micropollutants and Plants." In Forest Decline and Air Pollution, 193–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61332-6_10.

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Llewellyn, Danny J. "Herbicide Tolerant Forest Trees." In Molecular Biology of Woody Plants, 439–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2313-8_20.

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Gupta, Pramod K., and Mary Kreitinger. "Synthetic seeds in forest trees." In Micropropagation of Woody Plants, 107–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8116-5_7.

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Alvarez, María Alejandra. "Mesopotamia-Paranaense Forest." In Pharmacological Properties of Native Plants from Argentina, 91–136. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20198-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Forest plants"

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ABRAITIENĖ, Jolita, Gerda ŠILINGIENĖ, Rasa VAITKEVIČIŪTĖ, and Regina VASINAUSKIENĖ. "THE DIVERSITY OF HERBACEOUS VEGETATION AFTER FOREST FIRE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.105.

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Forest fire is an uncontrolled combustion of flammable materials in forested and non-forested areas. In Lithuania forest fires mainly occur in late spring and summer, mostly in young coniferous forests (Forest ..., 1987). The studies of herbaceous plants in fireplaces were carried out in 2016 in Jurbarkas SFE. Ground-level forest fire increased the projection coverage of herbaceous plants and their species composition in the fireplaces. According to the average data of the survey, 18 herbaceous plant species were ascertained in the fireplace and 14 species in the control stand. During the first year after fire, 9 new species were recorded in the fireplace and 5 species have disappeared, while in the seventh year - 7 new species were recorded and 1 disappeared, as compared with the control stand. Summarizing the obtained data it can be stated that low-intensity ground-level forest fire in pine forest increased the number of herbaceous plant species, however, the number of new and extinct species has been gradually decreasing, suggesting that in the fireplaces the diversity of herbaceous plant species will be like in the control stand.
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Rzhevsky, S. G., T. A. Gorodetskaya, T. M. Tabatskaya, O. S. Mashkina, and T. P. Fedulova. "Molecular genetic analysis of forest tree crops obtained by microclonal propagation." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-374.

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HIDAYAT, R. SYAMSUL. "Useful plants from wolomeze protected forest." In Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m030110.

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Бердникова, Лариса Николаевна. "FIRE EXTINGUISHING OF FOREST PROTECTION PLANTS." In Междисциплинарность как двигатель научного прогресса: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58351/230511.2023.72.52.007.

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В статье рассмотрено, что одним из самых опасных явлений является эрозия ветровая, которая приносит колоссальный ущерб сельскому хозяйству, приводя в состояние непригодное и повреждая верхние слои плодородной почвы. В статье изучено, что на большинстве территорий в период лета засушливый возникают достаточно сильные ветра, которые проходя через степи, прогреваются, в связи с чем они теряют влагу и продолжают движения увеличивая скорость. The article considers that one of the most dangerous phenomena is wind erosion, which causes enormous damage to agriculture, making it unusable and damaging the upper layers of fertile soil. The article studied that in most areas during the dry summer period, quite strong winds arise, which, passing through the steppes, warm up, and therefore they lose moisture and continue to move at an increasing speed.
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Kulbanska, І. М., А. F. Goychuk, and М. V. Shvets. "Ecological and forestry essence of bacteriosi of forest woody plants in the forests of the Forest-Steppe and Polissya of Ukraine." In IDEAS AND INNOVATIONS IN NATURAL SCIENCES. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-047-6-24.

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Khasanova, E. Kh, N. L. Yablochkina, and А. V. Novikov. "PROTECTION OF FORESTS OF HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE IN THE PRICHULIMSKY TAIGA OF THE TOMSK REGION DURING FOREST HARVESTING." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-27.

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The article presents an example of the conservation of high conservation value forests under the international certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in Prichulymsky taiga of the Tomsk region. Such forests and forest areas with places of concentration of rare species of animals, plants and valuable tree species require systematic monitoring and special attention when conducting forestry activities.
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Nurwahyuni, Isnaini, Manihar Situmorang, and Riyanto Sinaga. "Micropropagation of Sumatran Frankincense (Styrax Benzoin) Forest Plants Producing Bioactive Raw Materials for Medicine." In Unima International Conference on Science and Technology 2022. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-mkuuw7.

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Preservation of tropical forest plants that have high economic potential, such as Sumatran benzoin (Styrax benzoin Dryander), is urgently carried out through the provision of quality seeds. The purpose of this study was to propagate the Sumatran Frankincense plant to produce good quality seeds to meet the needs of seeds for forest conservation purposes. The micropropagation technique was carried out using explants from selected parent plants of very good quality. Micropropagation through the use of explants from several parts of the plant aims to produce seeds with the same incense production quality as the parent plant. Explants were selected from the young leaves of the shoots. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors: concentrations of NAA (0-3 mg/L) and BAP (0-3 mg/L). The combination of NAA and BAP in culture media under optimal conditions proved to be effective in inducing callus and plantlet growth. The success of micropropagation has the potential to produce seeds of the same excellent quality as the parent plant in large quantities in a relatively short time. This technique is expected to be able to meet the conservation needs of people's forests and national forests, and in the long term will increase the production of frankincense as a non-timber forest commodity as raw material for medicine.
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Fellin, Marco, and Martino Negri. "Electricity from forest residues: pyrogasification with small scale plants." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-mf-ele.

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S, Kavitha, and Kotadi Chinnaiah. "Categorization of Nutritional Deficiencies in Plants With Random Forest." In 2022 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/punecon55413.2022.10014864.

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Zaharioiu, Anca Maria, Roxana Elena Ionete, Claudia Sandru, Marius Constantinescu, and Oana Romina Botoran. "ALTITUDINAL CHANGES IN TEMPERATE FORESTS FROM CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.001.

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This study investigated changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in the three components of the forest ecosystem (leaves, bark and soil) along an altitudinal gradient in the temperate forests of Romania. The properties and processes within the forest ecosystem are influenced by altitude. The leaves, litter and soil are important in the good development of the ecosystem and in the cycle of the elements. Plants extract the nutrients necessary for life and growth from the soil in which they carry out their entire activity. With the help of litter, the soil is supplied with nutrients useful for plants. The soil can be influenced by pH, being a physical factor, and in the forests of Romania it decreases with altitude, becoming acidic. In this paper, studies were performed to investigate the chemical components in the soil-water-plant chain, which highlights the importance of stoichiometric variation of nutrients in plant organs and their relationships with other components of the forest ecosystem.
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Reports on the topic "Forest plants"

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Solvin, Thomas, and Inger Sundheim Fløistad. Statistics: Forest Seeds and Plants in the Nordic Region – Version 2023. The Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53780/qoub7866.

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The Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen) is the joint genebank and knowledge center for genetic resources in the Nordic countries. Our mission is to conserve and promote the sustainable use of genetic diversity among animals, forests and plants that are important for Nordic agriculture and forestry. “Statistics: Forest Seeds and Plants in the Nordic Region – Version 2023” is the second edition in a biennial statistics report on forest seed and plant material in the Nordic countries. The first edition was published in 2021. This edition has been expanded by including more statistics and more species than the first report, as well as including more recent data from the years 2020 and 2021. The report compiles statistics and reports contributed by representatives of each country in the NordGen Forest Regeneration Council.
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Houston, Kent E., Walter J. Hartung, and Carol J. Hartung. A field guide for forest indicator plants, sensitive plants, and noxious weeds of the Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-84.

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Patterson, Patricia A., Kenneth E. Neiman, and Jonalea K. Tonn. Field guide to forest plants of northern Idaho. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-gtr-180.

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Zimmerman, Ephraim, and Staphanie Perles. Vegetation monitoring in relation to white-tailed deer browsing in First State National Historical Park: 2021 summary report. National Park Service, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299655.

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Baseline information on canopy regeneration and plant community composition is needed in order to better understand white-tailed deer browsing impacts at First State National Historical Park (FRST). In 2021, the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) established 20 permanent vegetation monitoring plots following methods developed by the NPS Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN) to assess and monitor trends in vegetation (Perles et al. 2014b; Perles et al. 2017). These protocols provided an efficient method of assessing the current status of native and non-native vegetation and deer browsing impact. This report documents the methodology used to quantify the vegetative composition of natural areas at FRST and provides a summary of the data collected in the first year of monitoring. This first year’s activities (2021) included the initial baseline vegetation assessment and summary of results from the baseline data analysis. A variety of metrics used to assess the impact of deer browsing on the vegetation were calculated and are presented. A second survey is proposed for 2024. PNHP used the NPS ERMN database and analysis methods (Perles et al. 2014b) to summarize the condition in year 1 (2021). In year 4 (2024), PNHP will investigate changes in the condition of browse-sensitive understory plants and tree seedlings. Plots occurred in a variety of settings, ranging from younger successional communities to more mature forest stands. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the plots occurred in Mature or Late Successional forests. Disturbances and stressors, such as deer browsing can strongly influence future forest structure as open woodlands mature. A large population of white-tailed deer may severely impact succession from the open woodlands towards closed canopy forest. In closed canopy, later successional forests, a large deer population may inhibit canopy tree recruitment leading to regeneration failure. Given that FRST managers desire to maintain the landscape as forest, it is important to maintain an adequate number of seedlings and saplings of tree species to ensure the persistence of canopy of native tree species as Mature and Late Successional Forests continue to age. The 20 permanent sampling plots occurred within 5 plant communities described by Ebert (2016) and were classified using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HAC analysis) and indicator species analysis. The most common plant communities within the group of sampling plots were the Mixed oak – beech forest and Mesic mixed tulip – oak-hickory-beech forest. The remaining plots were found in successional Tuliptree woodland, Successional woodland, and Thicket types. All plots were assigned to these types described in Ebert (2016) and crosswalked to the National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). A total of 128 plant species were recorded from the 20 plots at FRST. Eighteen (18) species were found in over ½ of the plots surveyed, of which eight (8) were non-native. In all, 29 plants occurring in the plots (23% of total species richness) were considered introduced (non-native). Non-native plant cover ranged from 0–98% as measured in the monitoring plot quadrats. Indicators of deer browsing varied by plant community type at FRST. In general, the drier Mixed oak – beech forests showed substantially greater impact of deer browsing and fewer seedlings of canopy species in the understory. FRST monitoring protocols focus on a few plant species considered as preferred food for white-tailed deer. Sustained browsing may be affecting long-term viability of these species within the parks. Based on the status of these regeneration metrics in FRST, we suggest that the forest in FRST are in imminent regeneration failure. We define imminent failure as parks that are experiencing severe regeneration failure and are at risk of forest loss due to very low seedling and sapling abundance, as well as species mismatches between canopy and regeneration layers. Given the poor regeneration of canopy species across all community types at FRST, managers should seek opportunities to conduct adaptive management in the park’s forests, especially mixed oak – beech forest, to experiment with and monitor the effects of fire, browse exclosures, and canopy thinning to encourage native canopy tree regeneration.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...
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Heidel, Bonnie, Walter Fertig, Sabine Mellmann-Brown, Kent E. Houston, and Kathleen A. Dwire. Fens and their rare plants in the Beartooth Mountains, Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-369.

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Heidel, Bonnie, Walter Fertig, Sabine Mellmann-Brown, Kent E. Houston, and Kathleen A. Dwire. Fens and their rare plants in the Beartooth Mountains, Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-369.

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Olson, Cassandra, and Anita F. Cholewa. A Guide to nonnative invasive plants inventoried in the north by Forest Inventory and Analysis. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-52.

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Epiphan, Jean, and Steven Handel. Trajectory of forest vegetation under contrasting stressors over a 26-year period, at Morristown National Historical Park: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297281.

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The Jockey Hollow section and the New Jersey Brigade Area of Morristown National Historical Park (MORR) are predominantly comprised of upland oak-hickory forests that have regrown over the past 200 years from previous land uses. The forest is being damaged by two major stressors, a large population of white-tailed deer and an abundance of non-native, invasive shrubs and herbaceous species. This study explores changes to the forest over 26 years and suggests management techniques to avoid future degradation. The forest is typical of many upland stands in the region, and studies here would be applicable to many lands controlled by the National Park Service and to many public and private land owners. In 1995, 18 vegetation experimental plots were established in the forest, each 20 x 20 m. Ten plots were in areas that had no non-native, invasive plants. The other eight plots had invasive species. All trees, shrubs and a sampling of herbs were recorded in each of the 18 plots. At that time, no GPS technology was available and handwritten maps were used to record locations. The plots were revisited and resurveyed in 2001; however, only 13 plots were found. This 2021 study is a new survey of the plot conditions. The investigators were able to relocate 17 of the original plots. New GPS locations were recorded for these 17 plots to facilitate future studies. The goal of the study was to test if changes over 26 years in forest conditions differed between the original invaded plots as compared to the uninvaded plots. Also, these data will allow us to measure the progress of invasion into previously uninvaded areas. Together, these results will allow the forest managers to focus attention on the most aggressive plant invaders and to understand the fate of this forest type that is being challenged by deer and non-native plants. Over the last 26 years there has been no hunting for deer here. Also, the plots were not within the few deer exclosures at MORR; deer were able to enter the landscape from surrounding heavily wooded areas. Data were collected in four layers of vegetation – mature trees, saplings, shrubs, and herbaceous groundcovers. The mature trees in the invaded forest plots demonstrated declining trends. The species richness declined by 6%, the average number of trees declined by 30%, white ash and flowering dogwood had the most losses, and basal area did not increase over time because very few new saplings grew into mature tree sizes. The uninvaded plots’ mature trees also revealed a 20% declined in richness, number of trees declined by 18%, the greatest losses occurred for red maple and black birch, but basal area increased slightly due to growth of large persisting trees. Saplings in the invaded forest experienced declines over the 26 years. Species richness declined by 38%, number of native saplings decreased by 44%, and number of invasive saplings increased by 600%. In the uninvaded forest, the conditions and trends were variable. Richness decreased by 21%, no invasive saplings found, number of native saplings increased by 37% (due to increases in American beech). With American beech excluded, the number of native saplings decreased by 60%. In both forest types, the declining number of native saplings was primarily caused by excessive deer damage. For the shrub layer in invaded plots, Japanese barberry stems increased by 122% by 2001 and 276% by 2021. Barberry became the dominant species. Similarly, wineberry stands increased 486% in 2001 and 157% for 2021. It is now the second most common species. However, in the uninvaded plots there was no significant increase in the number of barberry stems and wineberry was not present in 1995 or 2001, and only averaged 1.5 stems per plot in 2021. Neither species has a significant presence now and eradication is possible. A major finding is that the process of invasion of these shrubs over 26 years is very slow. For the herbaceous plants, in the invaded plots there was a sharp decrease in cover by 2021 due to the competitive impact by the abundant invasive shrubs. The invasive Japanese stiltgrass declined 86% in cover and native Carex (sedge) species declined by 78%. In the uninvaded forest plots, stiltgrass was present in very low amounts and did not increase significantly over 26 years. The number of quadrats with any stiltgrass only increased from 3 to 5 over the 26 years. These data show that stiltgrass invades slowly in the uninvaded plots, but in the invaded plots it was greatly replaced by invasive shrubs. Overall, the rate of change of the native herb cover was slow. Together, these data suggest that currently uninvaded forest areas can be protected by monitoring and rigorously eliminating any initial invasions by non-native shrubs and herbs. Once these species reach a significant presence in number of stems or cover in a plot they explode in number. Early intervention when invasive plants first appear is the most practical management tool. Reduction of deer density will also increase the reproductive potential and sustainability of our main forest tree species. Planting of new young canopy tree species, with protection from deer, can retard the ability of invasive plants to begin new populations.
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10

McFarlane, Aaron, Nia Hurst, Carina Jung, and Charles Theiling. Evaluating soil conditions to inform Upper Mississippi River floodplain restoration projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48451.

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Abstract:
The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has designed and constructed thousands of acres of ecosystem restoration features within the Upper Mississippi River System. Many of these projects incorporate island construction to restore geomorphic diversity and habitat, including floodplain forests. Soils are the foundation of the ecological function and successful establishment of floodplain forests as they are the basis through which plants obtain water and nutrients and provide critical ecosystem services. To improve floodplain forest island restoration outcomes, three natural and four recently (<10 years) constructed restoration sites were studied to compare soil physical, chemical, microbial, and fungal characteristics. Constructed islands had lower soil organic matter and dissolved organic carbon and differed in nutrient concentrations, bacterial assemblages, and fungal communities compared to reference sites. However, soil enzyme activity and some microbial community characteristics were functionally similar between the natural and created sites. Results align with previously established restoration trajectory theories where hydrological and basic microbial ecosystem functions are restored almost immediately, but complex biologically mediated and habitat functions require more time to establish. Data from this and future studies will help increase the long-term success of USACE floodplain forest restoration, improve island design, and help develop region-specific restoration trajectory curves to better anticipate the outcomes of floodplain forest creation projects.
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