Journal articles on the topic 'Forest mining'
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Goparaju, Laxmi, P. Rama Chandra Prasad, and Firoz Ahmad. "Geospatial technology perspectives for mining vis-a-vis sustainable forest ecosystems." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2017-0020.
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Abstract Forests, the backbone of biogeochemical cycles and life supporting systems, are under severe pressure due to varied anthropogenic activities. Mining activities are one among the major reasons for forest destruction questioning the survivability and sustainability of flora and fauna existing in that area. Thus, monitoring and managing the impact of mining activities on natural resources at regular intervals is necessary to check the status of their depleted conditions, and to take up restoration and conservative measurements. Geospatial technology provides means to identify the impact of different mining operations on forest ecosystems and helps in proposing initiatives for safeguarding the forest environment. In this context, the present study highlights the problems related to mining in forest ecosystems and elucidates how geospatial technology can be employed at various stages of mining activities to achieve a sustainable forest ecosystem. The study collates information from various sources and highlights the role of geospatial technology in mining industries and reclamation process.
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JYOTSNA, KUMARI, and ABHINAV TANDON. "A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF MINING ACTIVITIES AND POLLUTION ON FOREST RESOURCES AND WILDLIFE POPULATION." Journal of Biological Systems 25, no. 02 (April 4, 2017): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339017500115.
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In this paper, we develop a nonlinear mathematical model that investigates the impact of mining activities and pollution on forest resources and wildlife population. It is assumed that concentration of pollutants grows in the environment at a constant rate and also augments due to different mining activities prevailing in the forest area. The model is formulated in terms of differential equations and analyzed using elements of stability theory and numerical simulation. The obtained results depict that both forest resources as well as wildlife population get very much affected, either directly or indirectly, due to mining activities and environmental pollution. It is being concluded that, in order to save forests, an ecological balance is required to be maintained among forest resources, forest-dependent wildlife population, mining activities and environmental pollution.
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Brown, Sandra, Abu R. J. Mahmood, Katherine M. Goslee, Timothy R. H. Pearson, Hansrajie Sukhdeo, Daniel N. M. Donoghue, and Pete Watt. "Accounting for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Forest Edge Degradation: Gold Mining in Guyana as a Case Study." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121307.
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Background and Methods: Degradation of forests in developing countries results from multiple activities and is perceived to be a key source of greenhouse gas emissions, yet there are not reliable methodologies to measure and monitor emissions from all degrading activities. Therefore, there is limited knowledge of the actual extent of emissions from forest degradation. Degradation can be either in the forest interior, with a repeatable defined pattern within areas of forest, as with timber harvest, or on the forest edge and immediately bounding areas of deforestation. Forest edge degradation is especially challenging to capture with remote sensing or to predict from proxy factors. This paper addresses forest edge degradation and: (1) proposes a low cost methodology for assessing forest edge degradation surrounding deforestation; (2) using the method, provides estimates of gross carbon emissions from forest degradation surrounding and caused by alluvial mining in Guyana, and (3) compares emissions from mining degradation with other sources of forest greenhouse gas emissions. To estimate carbon emissions from forest degradation associated with mining in Guyana, 100 m buffers were located around polygons pre-mapped as mining deforestation, and within these buffers rectangular transects were established. Researchers collected ground data to produce estimates of the biomass damaged as a result of mining activities to apply to the buffer area around the mining deforestation. Results: The proposed method to estimate emissions from forest edge degradation was successfully piloted in Guyana, where 61% of the transects lost 10 Mg C ha−1 or less in trees from mining damage and 46% of these transects lost 1 Mg C ha−1 or less. Seventy percent of the damaged stems and 60% of carbon loss occurred in the first 50 m of the transects. The median loss in carbon stock from mining damage was 2.2 Mg C ha−1 (95% confidence interval: 0.0–10.2 Mg C ha−1). The carbon loss from mining degradation represented 1.0% of mean total aboveground carbon stocks, with emissions from mining degradation equivalent to ~2% of all emissions from forest change in Guyana. Conclusions: Gross carbon emissions from forest degradation around mining sites are of little significance regardless of persistence and potential forest recovery. The development of cost- and time-effective buffers around deforestation provides a sound approach to estimating carbon emissions from forest degradation adjacent to deforestation including surrounding mining. This simple approach provides a low-cost method that can be replicated anywhere to derive forest degradation estimates.
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Triatmojo, Dimas Bagus, Warah Atikah, and Nurul Laili Fadhilah. "Revisiting the Land Conversion of the Protected Forest for the Mining Industry in Tumpang Pitu, Banyuwangi." Indonesian Journal of Law and Society 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ijls.v1i1.16761.
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Indonesia is a country that has abundant natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable. The wealth of natural resources contained in the motherland can be utilized for the needs and welfare of the people of Indonesia under Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. One of the natural resources in Indonesia is forests. The government establishes a forest area as a protected forest area for a benefit that is expected by law. There is a violation of the use of protected forest areas for interests outside the forestry sector, namely the conversion of the function of protected forests used as mining land violations that are contrary to Article 38 Paragraph 4 of Law Number 41 of 1999. Mining business activities have negative impacts as well as positive impacts that arise. Mining will harm environmental conditions that can affect the social life of the community, reducing the environmental quality of the positive impact of the existence of mining business activities in an area will cause changes to the economic level, the legal basis for protecting the affected communities in the mining sector, as mandated by Article 28G Paragraph (1) and Article 28H Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution.
Keywords: Transfer of Protection Forest Functions, Mining Impacts.
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Braun Kohlová, Markéta, Petra Nepožitková, and Jan Melichar. "How Do Observable Characteristics of Post-Mining Forests Affect Their Attractiveness for Recreation?" Land 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090910.
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Afforestation is a popular practice of the recovery of landscape affected by open-cast coal mining. We investigated what impact the observable characteristics of restored forests have on their attractiveness for recreation framed as a one hour walk in a respective type of forest. In this study, we elaborate on some of the observable characteristics which have been previously found in the literature to affect the perceived attractiveness of outdoor environments. Environmental preference data were collected online using a quasi-representative sample of affected and control populations of the Czech Republic (N = 869). The questionnaire employed visual representations of typical reclaimed forest sites on spoil heaps in the Sokolov mining district. A mediation analysis revealed that forests growing in post-mining areas are perceived more negatively than the typical commercial spruce forest due to their lower permeability, lower level of stewardship, and perceived low safety. However, there are differences in observed characteristics also between different types of restored forests, even when controlling the effect of forest age. The results show for forestry practice that while some of the observed characteristics change by themselves with the increasing age of the forest (permeability, perceived safety, and naturalness of successional forests), improvement in others requires targeted after-care (perceived stewardship). In any case, our results are promising in that they imply that the recreational value of restored forests in post-mining areas may further increase in the future.
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Tchindjang, Mesmin, Eric Voundi, Philippes Mbevo Fendoung, Unusa Haman, Frédéric Saha, and Igor Casimir Njombissie Petcheu. "Mapping of the dilemma of mining against forest and conservation in the Lom and Djérem Division, Cameroon." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-111-2018.
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Mining practices in Cameroon began since the colonial period. The artisanal mining sector before independence contributed to 11–20 % of GDP. From 2000, the rich potential of the Cameroonian subsoil attract many foreign investors with over 600 research and mining permits already granted during the last decade. But, Cameroonian forests also have a long history from the colonial period to the pre-sent. However, mining activities in forest environments are governed by two different legal frameworks, including mining code i.e. Law No. 001 of 16 April 2001 organizing the mining industry and Law No. 94-01 of 20 January 1994 governing forests, wildlife and fisheries. Therefore, in the absence of detailed studies of these laws, there are conflicts of interests, rights and obligations that overlap, requiring research needs and taking appropriate decisions. The objective of this research in the Lom and Djérem division is to study, apart from the proliferation of mining li-censes and actors, the dilemma as well as the impact of the extension of mining activities on the degradation of forest cover. Using geospatial tools through multi-temporal and multisensor satellite images (Landsat from 1976 to 2015, IKONOS, GEOEYE, Google Earth) coupled with field investigations; we mapped the dynamic of different forms of land use (mining permits, FMU and protected areas of permanent forest estate) and highlighted paradoxically the conflict of land use. We came to the conclusion that the rhythm of issuing mining permits and authorizations in this forestall zone is so fast that one can wonder whether we still find a patch of forest within 50 years.
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Tetteh, Frederick. "Mining in the Forest Reserve." Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 22, no. 2 (May 2004): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646811.2004.11433369.
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Rodrigue, J. A., J. A. Burger, and R. G. Oderwald. "Forest Productivity and Commercial Value of Pre-Law Reclaimed Mined Land in the Eastern United States." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/19.3.106.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mining practices used prior to the passage of the 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) on forest productivity and commercial value of reclaimed forest sites. Forest productivity and value of 14 mined and 8 nonmined sites throughout the eastern and midwestern coalfield regions were compared. Forest productivity of pre-SMCRA mined sites was equal to or greater than that of nonmined forests, ranging between 3.3 m3ha-1yr-1 and 12.1 m3ha-1yr-1. Management activities such as planting pine and valuable hardwood species increased the stumpage value of forests on reclaimed mine sites. Rotation-age stumpage values on mined study sites ranged between $3,064 ha-1 and $19,528 ha-1 and were commonly greater than stumpage values on nonmined reference sites. Current law requires that mined land be restored to capability levels found prior to mining. These results should provide a benchmark for reforestation success, potential forest productivity, and timber value for current reclamation activities.
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Pratiwi, Budi H. Narendra, Chairil A. Siregar, Maman Turjaman, Asep Hidayat, Henti H. Rachmat, Budi Mulyanto, et al. "Managing and Reforesting Degraded Post-Mining Landscape in Indonesia: A Review." Land 10, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060658.
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Tropical forests are among the most diverse ecosystems in the world, completed by huge biodiversity. An expansion in natural resource extraction through open-pit mining activities leads to increasing land and tropical forest degradation. Proper science-based practices are needed as an effort to reclaim their function. This paper summarizes the existing practice of coal mining, covering the regulatory aspects and their reclamation obligations, the practices of coal mining from various sites with different land characteristics, and the reclamation efforts of the post-mining landscapes in Indonesia. The regulations issued accommodate the difference between mining land inside the forest area and outside the forest area, especially in the aspect of the permit authority and in evaluating the success rate of reclamation. In coal-mining practices, this paper describes starting from land clearing activities and followed by storing soil layers and overburden materials. In this step, proper handling of potentially acid-forming materials is crucial to prevent acid mine drainage. At the reclamation stage, this paper sequentially presents research results and the field applications in rearranging the overburden and soil materials, controlling acid mine drainage and erosion, and managing the drainage system, settling ponds, and pit lakes. Many efforts to reclaim post-coal-mining lands and their success rate have been reported and highlighted. Several success stories describe that post-coal-mining lands can be returned to forests that provide ecosystem services and goods. A set of science-based best management practices for post-coal-mine reforestation is needed to develop to promote the success of forest reclamation and restoration in post-coal-mining lands through the planting of high-value hardwood trees, increasing trees’ survival rates and growth, and accelerating the establishment of forest habitat through the application of proper tree planting technique. The monitoring and evaluation aspect is also crucial, as corrective action may be taken considering the different success rates for different site characteristics.
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Buli, Willyam, Samsul Bakri, and Indra Gumay Febryano. "Coal Mining Institution in Private Forest." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 6, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl3681-90.
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Unlicensed Mining (PETI) conducted by community groups in private forest area is rife in Muara Enim district which causing environmental degradation. The purpose of this study is to find out the institutional forms associated with illegal coal mining activities. The study used a qualitative approach that illustrated how unlicensed mining (PETI) still able to operate despite violating the law. The result of this study indicates the existing formal institutions did not run so well which lead to the creation of non-formal institutions who permits illegal activities. There are few technical requirements that PETI could not provide if they were legalized to be public mining. Good coordination and teamwork between government and law enforcers along with mining corporation are desirable to control the development of PETI and the impact it brings, especially in private forest.Keywords: private forest, institution, environmental damage, unlicensed mining, coal mining
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Frelich, Lee E. "Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts of Sulfide Mining: Scope of Issues for the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Minnesota, USA." Forests 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090747.
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Large-scale metal mining operations are planned or underway in many locations across the boreal forest biome in North America, Europe, and Asia. Although many published analyses of mining impacts on water quality in boreal landscapes are available, there is little guidance regarding terrestrial impacts. Scoping of potential impacts of Cu-Ni exploration and mining in sulfide ores are presented for the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW), Minnesota USA, an area of mostly boreal forest on thin soils and granitic bedrock. Although the primary footprint of the proposed mines would be outside the BWCAW, displacement and fragmentation of forest ecosystems would cause spatial propagation of effects into a secondary footprint within the wilderness. Potential negative impacts include disruption of population dynamics for wildlife species with migration routes, or metapopulations of plant species that span the wilderness boundary, and establishment of invasive species outside the wilderness that could invade the wilderness. Due to linkages between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, acid mine drainage can impact lowland forests, which are highly dependent on chemistry of water flowing through them. The expected extremes in precipitation and temperature due to warming climate can also interact with mining impacts to reduce the resilience of forests to disturbance caused by mining.
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Peterson, Garry D., and Marieke Heemskerk. "Deforestation and forest regeneration following small-scale gold mining in the Amazon: the case of Suriname." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 2 (June 2001): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000121.
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Despite scientific concern about Amazon deforestation and the impacts of the Amazon gold rush, few researchers have assessed the long-term impacts of small-scale gold mining on forest cover. This study estimates deforestation from gold mining and analyses the regeneration of abandoned mining areas in the Suriname Amazon. Fieldwork in December 1998 included observations and ecological measurements, as well as qualitative interviews with local miners about mining history and technology. Vegetation cover of abandoned mining sites of different ages was compared with that in old-growth forest. By present estimates, gold miners clear 48–96 km2 of old-growth forest in Suriname annually. Based on different assumptions about changes in technology and the amount of mining that takes place on previously mined sites, cumulative deforestation is expected to reach 750–2280 km2 by 2010. Furthermore, the analysis of abandoned mining sites suggests that forest recovery following mining is slow and qualitatively inferior compared to regeneration following other land uses. Unlike areas in nearby old-growth forest, large parts of mined areas remain bare ground, grass, and standing water. The area deforested by mining may seem relatively small, but given the slow forest recovery and the concentration of mining in selected areas, small-scale gold mining is expected to reduce local forest cover and ecosystem services in regions where mining takes place.
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Thomas, Evert. "Forest devastated by mining is reborn." Nature 511, no. 7508 (July 2014): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/511155d.
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Junsong Yuan, Jingjing Meng, Ying Wu, and Jiebo Luo. "Mining Recurring Events Through Forest Growing." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 18, no. 11 (November 2008): 1597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2008.2005616.
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Prematuri, Ricksy, Maman Turjaman, Takumi Sato, and Keitaro Tawaraya. "The Impact of Nickel Mining on Soil Properties and Growth of Two Fast-Growing Tropical Trees Species." International Journal of Forestry Research 2020 (November 5, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837590.
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Opencast nickel mining is common in natural forests of Indonesia. However, rehabilitation of postmining degraded land is difficult. We investigated the effect of opencast nickel mining on soil chemical properties and the growth of two fast-growing tropical tree species, Falcataria moluccana and Albizia saman. Soil was collected from post-nickel mining land and a nearby natural forest. Soil pH, available phosphorus (P) concentration, total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni concentrations were determined. Falcataria moluccana and A. saman were then grown in the collected soils for 15 weeks in a greenhouse. Shoot height and shoot and root dry weights of the seedlings were measured. The post--nickel mining soils TN, TC, available P, CEC, and exchangeable Ca and Na concentrations decreased by 98%, 93%, 11%, 62%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, in comparison with the natural forest soils. The pH of postmining soil was higher than natural forest soil. Shoot dry weight of F. moluccana seedlings grown in postmining soil was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) lower than that of seedlings grown in natural forest soil. However, there was no difference in shoot dry weight between A. saman seedlings grown in natural forest soil and postmining soil, as well as root dry weights of both species. The results indicate that opencast nickel mining decreased soil fertility, which subsequently inhibited the growth of F. moluccana and A. saman seedlings.
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Sahoo, Minati. "Community Forest and Rural Household Dependency in Mining Region." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 12, no. 4 (October 2021): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2021100102.
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The present paper attempts to analyse the households' dependency on community forest for their livelihood and food security in the mining region of Odisha. Mining has caused the highest forest-land loss in Odisha. Using z-test, f-test, and t-test, it has been found that extraction of minerals has not only caused shifting of livelihood from forest-based to mining related work but also has significantly reduced the dependence of households on forest products for consumption. In addition, it has reduced the contribution of forest to food security as calorie intake from forest food is significantly less in mining households than their non-mining counterparts. As the life span of a mine is finite, what will happen when the mines close? Thus, this calls for a policy intervention to carry out mining operations in a sustainable manner so that natural resources like forest are not sacrificed for short-term economic gains.
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Wardell-Johnson, Grant W., Michael Calver, Neil Burrows, and Giovanni Di Virgilio. "Integrating rehabilitation, restoration and conservation for a sustainable jarrah forest future during climate disruption." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 3 (2015): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15026.
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The environment of the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest (NJF) of Mediterranean-climate, south-western Australia is characterised by deeply weathered soil profiles and low fertility, reflecting long geological stasis. This fire-prone environment is characterised by primary forests of low productivity but high biomass. Since European settlement (1829), the NJF has been structurally transformed by deforestation and resource extraction, including logging and mining (principally for bauxite). Rainfall has declined by 15–20% since 1970, with projections for further decline. A new hydrological regime foreshadows regolith drying, with a changed climate leading to more unplanned, intense fires. Declining productivity, coupled with rehabilitation more suited to a wetter climate, places stress on tree growth and compromises biodiversity. Thus, ecological disruption likely follows from interactions between climate change and historical exploitation. The complex challenges posed by these interactions require multifaceted and novel solutions. We argue that under drying conditions, maintenance of productivity while conserving biodiversity can best be achieved by changing the focus of rehabilitation to the understorey. This would coincide with protecting and restoring surrounding unmined forest with emphasis on the overstorey. Presently, state-of-the-science rehabilitation seeks to restore jarrah forest, following bauxite mining. This goal is unlikely to be achievable across extensive areas under climate change projections. Rather, a focus on restoring understorey following mining would provide a more positive water balance in the wider forest matrix. This approach recognises loss of forest values through mining, but anticipates conservation of biodiversity and important elements of forest structure by minimising ecologically unacceptable disturbance to surrounding forest.
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Anaya, Jesús A., Víctor H. Gutiérrez-Vélez, Ana M. Pacheco-Pascagaza, Sebastián Palomino-Ángel, Natasha Han, and Heiko Balzter. "Drivers of Forest Loss in a Megadiverse Hotspot on the Pacific Coast of Colombia." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081235.
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Tropical forests are disappearing at unprecedented rates, but the drivers behind this transformation are not always clear. This limits the decision-making processes and the effectiveness of forest management policies. In this paper, we address the extent and drivers of deforestation of the Choco biodiversity hotspot, which has not received much scientific attention despite its high levels of plant diversity and endemism. The climate is characterized by persistent cloud cover which is a challenge for land cover mapping from optical satellite imagery. By using Google Earth Engine to select pixels with minimal cloud content and applying a random forest classifier to Landsat and Sentinel data, we produced a wall-to-wall land cover map, enabling a diagnosis of the status and drivers of forest loss in the region. Analyses of these new maps together with information from illicit crops and alluvial mining uncovered the pressure over intact forests. According to Global Forest Change (GFC) data, 2324 km2 were deforested in this area from 2001 to 2018, reaching a maximum in 2016 and 2017. We found that 68% of the area is covered by broadleaf forests (67,473 km2) and 15% by shrublands (14,483 km2), the latter with enormous potential to promote restoration projects. This paper provides a new insight into the conservation of this exceptional forest with a discussion of the drivers of forest loss, where illicit crops and alluvial mining were found to be responsible for 60% of forest loss.
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Zhang, Dan, and Hua Wang. "The Ecological Risk Assessment of Forest Damage in ”A" Coal Mining Area." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1183.
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This paper, through the layer-by-layer decomposition of risk sources and risk receptor, constructs an ecological risk assessment indicator system of damaged forest in coal mining area. Based on the reality of A coal mining area, with the application of improved risk model, this paper processes and analyzes the statistics and solid - state survey data in A coal mining area to get the ecological effects of forest damage led by coal mining in that area, and calculates the loss value, the compensation amount and the compensation scale of the forest ecosystem service function in the subsidence area of fully mechanized mining area.
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Mithal, Varun, Ashish Garg, Shyam Boriah, Michael Steinbach, Vipin Kumar, Christopher Potter, Steven Klooster, and Juan Carlos Castilla-Rubio. "Monitoring global forest cover using data mining." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 2, no. 4 (July 2011): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1989734.1989740.
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Saeid, Shabani. "Modelling and mapping of soil damage caused by harvesting in Caspian forests (Iran) using CART and RF data mining techniques." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 9 (September 21, 2017): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/125/2016-jfs.
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Controlling the soil damage caused by forest harvesting has a key role in forest management due to its effect on forest dynamics and productivity, mainly through modifying the physical, mechanical, and hydrological context of soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the soil damage susceptibility in one of the Caspian forests, Iran. For this purpose, two data mining techniques including classification and regression tree (CART) and random forest (RF) were applied. A total of 224 soil damage locations were identified primarily from field surveys. Then, 10 conditioning variables were produced in GIS. For model performance, the outputs of the analyses were compared with the field-verified soil damage locations. Our results show that slope degree, soil type, and slope aspect had the highest weight on soil damage, in the order of their appurtenance. Additionally, according to the relative operating characteristics curve, RF is a more suitable prediction model for soil damage zoning compared to CART. In summary, the findings of this study suggest that soil damage susceptibility mapping is an effective technique for Caspian forests, Iran.
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Bohall Wood, Petra, Scott B. Bosworth, and Randy Dettmers. "Cerulean Warbler Abundance and Occurrence Relative to Large-Scale Edge and Habitat Characteristics." Condor 108, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.1.154.
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AbstractWe examined Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) abundance and occurrence in southwestern West Virginia, where the coal-mining technique of mountaintop removal mining–valley fill converts large contiguous tracts of deciduous forest to forest patches surrounded by early successional habitats. Our study objectives were to quantify abundance and occurrence of Cerulean Warblers relative to (1) distance from the edge of extensive reclaimed grasslands and (2) habitat structure and landscape characteristics. Cerulean Warbler abundance increased with distance from the edge and edge effects extended 340 m into the forest. Percent occurrence did not vary with distance from mine edge, suggesting a degree of tolerance to the extensive edge occurring at the interface of forest and reclaimed lands. Abundance and occurrence were greater on ridges and midslopes than in bottomlands; consequently, disturbances such as mountaintop mining in which ridges are removed may have a greater impact on populations compared to other sources of fragmentation where ridges are not disturbed. Models based on the information-theoretic approach indicated that Cerulean Warblers were more likely to be present in productive sites on northwest to southeast facing slopes, upper slope positions (midslope to ridgetop), and forests with low sapling density. Cerulean Warbler abundance was positively associated with more productive sites, higher snag density, large blocks of mature deciduous forest, and low amounts of edge in the landscape. In addition to outright loss of forested habitat, mountaintop mining-valley fill alters the spatial configuration of forested habitats, creating edge and area effects that negatively affect Cerulean Warbler abundance and occurrence in the reclaimed mine landscape.
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Hafizianor, Hafizianor. "SIKAP MASYARAKAT DESA HUTAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN DAN ALIH GUNA KAWASAN HUTAN MENJADI KAWASAN PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA." EnviroScienteae 12, no. 3 (December 10, 2016): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v12i3.2447.
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Change and use change forest into coal mining area has led to changes in the biophysical environment and social environment forest villagers. This study aimed to analyze the attitudes towards changes in environmental conditions biophysical and social environment of rural communities around the mining of coal before and after the change and use change forest into coal mining region. The study was conducted in Tanah Bumbu, South Kalimantan. The method used to achieve the purpose of the study is the quantitative approach. Quantitative data from the data collecting through questionnaire will be processed through the editing process is researching the answers to the questionnaire, coding which classifies respondents consisting of three scales and then calculate the frequency based data distribution and tabulation. The results of the study public attitudes to change and use change forest into the area of coal mining and public attitudes show a positive attitude, which means it is a change to changing environmental conditions biophysical and social environment of rural communities around the mining of coal before and after the change and transfer of forest land use be a coal mining region.
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Gould, Susan F. "Does post-mining rehabilitation restore habitat equivalent to that removed by mining? A case study from the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia." Wildlife Research 38, no. 6 (2011): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11019.
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Context Rehabilitation is increasingly being promoted as a strategy for minimising and even reversing biodiversity loss. Many rehabilitation strategies that aim to provide habitat focus entirely on establishing vegetation. Successful vegetation establishment, however, does not necessarily provide habitat that is ecologically equivalent to that removed by vegetation clearing. Quantitative understanding of faunal responses to rehabilitation is required if rehabilitation techniques are to be refined and deliver desired biodiversity outcomes. Aims I aimed to assess the extent to which post-mining rehabilitation restores bird habitat equivalent to that removed in the mining process on the Weipa bauxite plateau. Methods The composition, abundance and richness of bird assemblages were compared between native forest sites and a 23-year chronosequence of post-mining rehabilitation sites. Native forest sites were made up of three Weipa bauxite plateau land units, including the land unit that represents pre-mining native forest, and two land units that are considered to be potential analogues for the post-mining landscape. Key results Bird abundance and bird species richness increased with rehabilitation age. Bird species richness in the two oldest age classes of mine rehabilitation was similar to values obtained from pre-mining native forest and post-mining landscape analogue sites. The composition of bird assemblages, however, was significantly different. Of all the bird species observed, 25% occurred exclusively in native forest sites, 19% occurred exclusively in mine-rehabilitation sites, and the remaining 56% were recorded in both native forest and mine-rehabilitation sites. Site bird-detection rates were significantly related to site vegetation structure, with inter-specific differences in bird response. Conclusions Post-mining rehabilitation at Weipa has partially made up for the loss of habitat caused by clearing for mining. Twenty-three years after rehabilitation commenced, however, a clear residual impact on biodiversity remains, with a third of native forest birds absent from mine rehabilitation, including several native forest specialists. Implications Rehabilitation can partially make up for biodiversity losses caused by the initial loss of habitat. There is no evidence, however, that rehabilitation can achieve ‘no net loss’. Reliance on rehabilitation to achieve conservation outcomes does not address the fact that many fauna species require resources that are found only in mature forest.
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Mahmud, Mahmud, Heru Joko Budirianto, Wahyudi Wahyudi, and Ambar Kusumandari. "A study conversion to be mining cement in Maruni protected forest Manokwari Regency." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 10, no. 3 (November 16, 2020): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.10.3.545-558.
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Protected forests play an important role in supporting human life, protecting land and water and preventing the dangers of flooding and landslides, but a lot of conversions have taken place today. Research-based on techniques for observation, interviews, and case studies. Measurement of respondents' perceptions and attitudes is carried out using instruments in the form of questionnaires that refer to the Likert scale. Data analysis was performed descriptively to describe the level of perception, attitude with simple non parametric linear regression. Maruni protected forest has the potential of limestone with 11 mineral elements, 5 of which are the largest Ca (93.62%), Si (2.45%), Mg (1.58%), Al (0.97%) ) and K (0.47%). This forest allows conversion area, from an area of 969.84 ha with limestone potential of only 250 ha (25.78%), another 719.84 ha (74.22%) can still be designated as a protected forest. The public perception of conversion to cement mining was 59.03% negative, 14.83% neutral and 26.12% positive. While the attitudes of the community 43.1% accept, 38.94% neutral and 47.92% reject the conversion to become cement mining. The community hopes that there will be economic improvement, community empowerment and employment, especially affected communities.
Keywords: Conversion, cement mining, Maruni protected forest/HLM, perception, attitude
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Prematuri, Ricksy, Maman Turjaman, Takumi Sato, and Keitaro Tawaraya. "Post Bauxite Mining Land Soil Characteristics and Its Effects on the Growth of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes and Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020 (April 7, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6764380.
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The remediation of opencast bauxite mines in the natural forests of Indonesia is difficult. We have investigated and contrasted the chemical characteristics of soils from natural forests and mining sites and their effects on plant growth. The soil pH, total carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) concentrations, cation exchange capacity, C/N ratio, and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni concentrations were determined. Falcataria moluccana and Albizia saman were then grown in these soils for 15 weeks, and their shoot heights, shoot dry weights, and root dry weights determined. The post bauxite mining soils’ N, C, and available P concentrations and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations decreased by 75, 75.7, 15.7, 92, 100, and 52%, respectively, in comparison with the natural forest soils. The shoot and root dry weights of F. moluccana when grown in the post bauxite mining soils were also lower than those from the natural forest soils. However, there was no difference in the shoot and root dry weights of A. saman when grown in the two soil types. The results suggest that opencast mining decreases the soil fertility, which in turn inhibits the initial growth of tree seedlings, and reduces the carbon stock in the land.
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Braun Kohlová, Markéta, Vojtěch Máca, Jan Melichar, and Petr Pavelčík. "How High Is the Recreation Value of Successional Forests Growing Spontaneously on Coal Mine Spoil Heaps?" Forests 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020160.
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Research highlights: Recreation value increases with the age of replanted as well as successional forests. Successional forests are not systematically less valuable for recreation than replanted forests. Succession may be used as a viable and low-cost reclamation practice of spoil heaps. Background and objectives: Afforestation has been a popular practice in post-mining land reclamation in the Czech Republic. To expand the current evidence on the recreation values of reclaimed forests, we conducted a valuation study for most typical reclaimed forests, as well as for successional forests spontaneously growing on surface coal mine deposit heaps. Using two distinct measurement methods, we also explore whether the estimated recreation value of forests is robust. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted in 2016 on a sample of residents living in the vicinity of coal mine deposit heaps, residents of the adjacent region of Karlovy Vary, and a control population from the central Bohemian region. Participants evaluated visual representations of forest stands typical for reclamation and succession, along with commercial spruce forest as a reference type. In the direct measurement, we measured the attractiveness of a respective forest for a walk using a 5-point scale. In the indirect measurement, a hypothetical choice between two forests for a walk was elicited in a discrete choice experiment. Results: Both direct and indirect measurements provide similar results. All reclaimed forests have a lower recreation value than the reference spruce forest. Successional forests are not systematically less valuable for recreation than replanted forests and the recreation value of both types increases with their age. The age, gender, and education of the participants did not affect the recreation value of a forest. Conclusions: We demonstrate that succession may be used as a viable and low-cost reclamation practice of spoil heaps emerging as a by-product of open-cast coal mining. With recreation as only one of many forest uses, our findings need to be interpreted vis-à-vis the objectives and expected results for individual sites and their habitat conditions.
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Lawrence, Ruth E., and Marc P. Bellette. "Gold, timber, war and parks : A history of the Rushworth Forest in central Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10022.
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The Rushworth Forest is a Box and Ironbark open sclerophyll forest in central Victoria that has been subject to a long history of gold mining activity and forest utilisation. This paper documents the major periods of land use history in the Rushworth Forest and comments on the environmental changes that have occurred as a result. During the 1850s to 1890s, the Forest was subject to extensive gold mining operations, timber resource use, and other forest product utilisation, which generated major changes to the forest soils, vegetation structure and species cover. From the 1890s to 1930s, concern for diminishing forest cover across central Victoria led to the creation of timber reserves, including the Rushworth State Forest. After the formation of a government forestry department in 1919, silvicultural practices were introduced which aimed at maximising the output of tall timber production above all else. During World War II, the management of the Forest was taken over by the Australian Army as Prisoner of War camps were established to harvest timber from the Forest for firewood production. Following the War, the focus of forestry in Victoria moved away from the Box and Ironbark forests, but low value resource utilisation continued in the Rushworth Forest from the 1940s to 1990s. In 2002, about one-third of the Forest was declared a National Park and the other two-thirds continued as a State Forest. Today, the characteristics of the biophysical environment reflect the multiple layers of past land uses that have occurred in the Rushworth Forest.
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Andriani, Kiki, Nurini, and Rina Kurniati. "Implementation Of The Urban Forest Canopy Concept In Urban Forest Park Design, As An Effort To Rehabilitate Post-Mining Land Of Pt. Bukit Asam, Muara Enim, South Sumatera." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187304009.
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Mining industry activity has a positive and negative impacts on life.The positive impacts of the mine are to meet the needs of industry, energy and other things that are important to life. However, on the other hand, mining activities will lead to land degradation. The mining site needs major attention due to environmental damage caused. In addition to causing erosion and sedimentation, mining activities can lead to increase of heavy metal content in soils potentially entering the aquatic environment, decreasing the quantity and quality of water. Therefore, a repair or rehabilitation effort on post mining land is needed so as not to cause sustained damage. PT Bukit Asam in Muara Enim regency is one of the largest mining and mineral resource company in Indonesia. Recovery of land in PTBA is done by utilizing ex-mining land as urban forest as well as to increase recreation facilities in Muara Enim community. This study uses a data collection technique including field observations, interviews, documents review, narratives and questionnaires. The analysis used in the study include the analysis of natural physical conditions, users, activities and space requirements, site analysis, infrastructure analysis and Urban Forest Canopy Concepts. The results of this study are Urban Forest Park designs by applying Urban Forest Canopy Concepts.
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Angelstam, Per, Michael Manton, Taras Yamelynets, Ole Sørensen, and Svetlana Kondrateva (Stepanova). "Landscape Approach towards Integrated Conservation and Use of Primeval Forests: The Transboundary Kovda River Catchment in Russia and Finland." Land 9, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9050144.
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Regional clear-felling of naturally dynamic boreal forests has left remote forest landscapes in northern Europe with challenges regarding rural development based on wood mining. However, biodiversity conservation with higher levels of ambition than what is possible in regions with a long forest history, and cultural heritage, offer opportunities for developing new value chains that support rural development. We explored the opportunities for pro-active integrated spatial planning based on: (i) landscapes’ natural and cultural heritage values in the transboundary Kovda River catchment in Russia and Finland; (ii) forest canopy loss as a threat; and (iii) private, public and civil sector stakeholders’ views on the use and non-use values at local to international levels. After a 50-year history of wood mining in Russia, the remaining primeval forest and cultural heritage remnants are located along the pre-1940 Finnish-Russian border. Forest canopy loss was higher in Finland (0.42%/year) than in Russia (0.09%/year), and decreased from the south to the north in both countries. The spatial scales of stakeholders’ use of forest landscapes ranged from stand-scale to the entire catchment of Kovda River in Russia and Finland (~2,600,000 ha). We stress the need to develop an integrated landscape approach that includes: (i) forest landscape goods; (ii) other ecosystem services and values found in intact forest landscapes; and (iii) adaptive local and regional forest landscape governance. Transboundary collaboration offers opportunities for effective knowledge production and learning.
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Rahmatia, Citra, Iwan Hilwan, Irdika Mansur, and Ihsan Noor. "Analysis of Constructed Swamp Forest Vegetation as A Phitoremediation Agent in Coal Mining, South Kalimantan." Media Konservasi 24, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/medkon.24.1.29-39.
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Coal mining activities could potentially interfere with the environment. One of the environmental disturbances in coal mining activities is theformation of acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD management can be done passively through the construction of swamp forest. The constructed swampforest system uses organic material in the form of cow manure which serves as a growing plants’ medium. Phytoremediation is an attempt to usevplant species in the accumulation of heavy metals. This study was aimed to know the AMD management system passively and identify the diversity ofplants in artificial swamp forests. Purposive sampling method with a sample size of 2 x 2m in 10 plots/compartments was used to identify the plantdiversity in constructed swamp forest. The observation was made both before and after AMD flowed. Constructed swamp forest consist of 6compartments (2 sediment pond compartments and 4 swamp compartments). The results of the vegetation analysis found that before the AMD flowed,21 species are still capable growing naturally in constructed swamp forest, however, it became 15 after the AMD flowed. Cyperus iria, Fimbristylisgriffithii, Scirpus juncoides, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, Cyperus platystylis and Monochoria vaginalis are six dominant species that can be used asphytoremediation agent in constructed swamp forest.Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage, constructed swamp forest, phytoremediation
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Syahadat, Epi, Subarudi Subarudi, and Andri Setiadi Kurniawan. "POLICY SYNCHRONIZATION IN MINING LICENSES IN FOREST AREAS." Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan 15, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2018.15.1.67-86.
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Mangubhai, Sangeeta, and Ruci Lumelume. "Achieving forest conservation in Fiji through payment for ecosystem services schemes." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 4 (2019): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18057.
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Most forests in Fiji are on native land owned by communities with tenure rights that are held largely with clans. Although there are examples in Fiji of local communities setting up conservation areas to protect their valuable forest resources, many are under pressure to issue leases to logging or mining companies for much-needed income. With inadequate legislation and government resources to secure the long-term protection of natural forests, conservation practitioners are looking at alternative models for establishing forest conservation areas in Fiji. One such model is the application of a forest payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme to deliver both ecological and socioeconomic outcomes for local communities. A case study from Kilaka village, Fiji, is presented where the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has worked with traditional land owners to secure a 99-year conservation lease for 402ha of pristine native forest in Vanua Levu. The lease, which was brokered through the government iTaukei Land Trust Board, provides an alternative source of income to logging and mining. The management plan which is nested within a larger ecosystem-based management plan for the district, sets out the comanagement arrangements between the community and WCS, with the day-to-day management of the forest, enforcement, monitoring and evaluation led by the traditional landowning clan. This PES model and co-management arrangement has potential for replication to other priority forest areas to meet Fiji’s obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity, but at an estimated financial cost ranging from US$69.0–287.8 million.
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Mi, Jiaxin, Yongjun Yang, Shaoliang Zhang, Shi An, Huping Hou, Yifei Hua, and Fuyao Chen. "Tracking the Land Use/Land Cover Change in an Area with Underground Mining and Reforestation via Continuous Landsat Classification." Remote Sensing 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2019): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11141719.
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Understanding the changes in a land use/land cover (LULC) is important for environmental assessment and land management. However, tracking the dynamic of LULC has proved difficult, especially in large-scale underground mining areas with extensive LULC heterogeneity and a history of multiple disturbances. Additional research related to the methods in this field is still needed. In this study, we tracked the LULC change in the Nanjiao mining area, Shanxi Province, China between 1987 and 2017 via random forest classifier and continuous Landsat imagery, where years of underground mining and reforestation projects have occurred. We applied a Savitzky–Golay filter and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-based approach to detect the temporal and spatial change, respectively. The accuracy assessment shows that the random forest classifier has a good performance in this heterogeneous area, with an accuracy ranging from 81.92% to 86.6%, which is also higher than that via support vector machine (SVM), neural network (NN), and maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm. LULC classification results reveal that cultivated forest in the mining area increased significantly after 2004, while the spatial extent of natural forest, buildings, and farmland decreased significantly after 2007. The areas where vegetation was significantly reduced were mainly because of the transformation from natural forest and shrubs into grasslands and bare lands, respectively, whereas the areas with an obvious increase in NDVI were mainly because of the conversion from grasslands and buildings into cultivated forest, especially when villages were abandoned after mining subsidence. A partial correlation analysis demonstrated that the extent of LULC change was significantly related to coal production and reforestation, which indicated the effects of underground mining and reforestation projects on LULC changes. This study suggests that continuous Landsat classification via random forest classifier could be effective in monitoring the long-term dynamics of LULC changes, and provide crucial information and data for the understanding of the driving forces of LULC change, environmental impact assessment, and ecological protection planning in large-scale mining areas.
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Juřička, David, Václav Pecina, Martin Brtnický, and Jindřich Kynický. "Mining as a catalyst of overgrazing resulting in risk of forest retreat, Erdenet Mongolia." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 12, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-23.
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This paper provides information on long-term suppression of natural forest regeneration due to the livestock grazing in the vicinity of one of the world largest open-pit ore mine close the city of Erdenet in Mongolia. The area is characterized by high concentration of herder’s households where the 52% were found only up to 1 km distance from the forest edge. Forest grazing causes extensive damage to seedlings and significant reduction of their growth. Within the 30–99 cm height category, up to 61% Larix sibirica, 90% Betula platyphylla and 68% Populus tremula individuals are grazingdamaged. L. sibirica and P. tremula seedlings with heights over 99 cm were absent, and no individuals of any species were found within 136–200 cm height category. In addition to the seedlings, only 7 or more meters high L. sibirica individuals are found in the forest structure, which means the absence of successfully growing forest regeneration for at least 40 years. In 2017, the defoliation of L. sibirica, reaching locally up to 100%, occurred in the stands east of the mine. Total defoliation represents a high risk of mortality of affected individuals. The stands cannot be successfully regenerated under the conditions of current intensive grazing. Mine metal stocks are calculated to provide for at least another 25 years of mining. Over that time, neither significant population decline nor decreasing grazing pressure on forests can be expected. If effective protection measures are not implemented, there is a risk of transforming threatened forest into steppe.
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Wurtz, Tricia L., and Anthony F. Gasbarro. "A brief history of wood use and forest management in Alaska." Forestry Chronicle 72, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72047-1.
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The Native peoples of Alaska used wood for fuel, for the construction of shelters, and for a variety of implements. Explorers, fur traders, gold miners, and settlers also relied on Alaska's forest resource. The early 20th century saw the creation of the Tongass and Chugach National Forests in coastal Alaska, where large-scale harvesting began shortly after World War II. By 1955, two 50-year contracts had been signed, committing 13 billion board feet of sawlogs and pulpwood. The commercial forest land base in Alaska has been dramatically reduced by a variety of legislative acts, including the Statehood Act of 1959 and the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980. Key words: forest history, Alaska, aboriginal use of forests, fuelwood, stemwheeled riverboats, gold mining, land classification, National Forests, Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act
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Prasetijo, Adi, Kristiawan John, and Dwi Sutiningsih. "Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga Orang Rimba Selatan Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas Jambi: Studi Mikroetnografi Keluarga Njalo Dalam Menghadapi Pandemik." Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 23, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v23.n1.p83-92.2021.
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The Orang Rimba are a hunting-gathering group that lives depending on the availability of the forest. Forests not only function as livelihoods but also have cultural significance as a resource for their cultural traditions. However, in the last few decades, forest conversion in Jambi province has increased. The increased function of forests in Jambi from forests as plantation areas, mining areas and industrial plantation forest areas has made the lives of the Orang Rimba as a hunting-gathering group increasingly threatened. Food security is a condition in which all people, at any time, have access both physically, socially, and economically to adequate, safe, and nutritious food which can meet food needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Through the micro ethnography approach, the purpose of this paper is to know and understand the phenomenon of food security from the perspective of the Orang Rimba as seen from its availability, adequacy, affordability, and security. Orang Rimba have food security by relying on food sources available in the forest. In a state of urgency they will return to the forest.
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Oliphant, A. J., J. Li, R. H. Wynne, P. F. Donovan, and C. E. Zipper. "Identifying woody vegetation on coal surface mines using phenological indicators with multitemporal Landsat imagery." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-339-2014.
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Surface mining for coal has disturbed large land areas in the Appalachian Mountains. Better information on mined lands' ecosystem recovery status is necessary for effective environmental management in mining-impacted regions. Because record quality varies between state mining agencies and much mining occurred prior to widespread use of geospatial technologies, accurate maps of mining extents, durations, and land cover effects are often not available. Landsat data are well suited to mapping and characterizing land cover and forest recovery on former coal surface mines. Past mine reclamation techniques have often failed to restore premining forest vegetation but natural processes may enable native forests to re-establish on mined areas with time. However, the invasive species autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellate) is proliferating widely on former coal surface mines, often inhibiting reestablishment of native forests. Autumn olive outcompetes native vegetation because it fixes atmospheric nitrogen and benefits from a longer growing season than native deciduous trees. This longer growing season, along with Landsat 8's high signal to noise ratio, has enabled species-level classification of autumn olive using multitemporal Landsat 8 data at accuracy levels usually only obtainable using higher spatial or spectral resolution sensors. We have used classification and regression tree (CART<sup>®</sup>) and support vector machine (SVM) to classify five counties in the coal mining region of Virginia for presence and absence of autumn olive. The best model found was a CART<sup>®</sup> model with 36 nodes which had an overall accuracy of 84% and kappa of 0.68. Autumn olive had conditional kappa of 0.65 and a producers and users accuracy of 86% and 83% respectively. The best SVM model used a second order polynomial kernel and had an overall accuracy of 77%, an overall kappa of 0.54 and a producers and users accuracy of 60% and 90% respectively.
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Zhang, Yali, Wenjuan Shen, Mingshi Li, and Yingying Lv. "Integrating Landsat Time Series Observations and Corona Images to Characterize Forest Change Patterns in a Mining Region of Nanjing, Eastern China from 1967 to 2019." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 3191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193191.
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Long-term surface mining and subsequent vegetation recovery greatly alter land cover types, reshape landscape patterns and impose several impacts on local ecosystem services. However, studies on the history of forest changes in mining areas from the 1960s to the present have not been reported. This study developed a new idea to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of forest cover in a mining area of Mufu Mountain (Mt. Mufu) from 1967 to 2019 by integrating Landsat and Corona data, and to explore the relationships among the forest changes, landscape structures and ecosystem functions. Firstly, we applied the vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm and visual interpretation to create annual forest change datasets. Subsequently, the forest loss process was divided into subdivision, shrinkage, perforation and attrition components. An improved forest restoration model in this study extended the recovery process to bridge, branch, infilling and increment components. Finally, remote sensing variables and crown density were coupled to assess the forest aboveground biomass (AGB) to reflect the ecosystem function in the restoration area. Results showed that the combined use of Corona and the dense time series of Landsat can provide more detailed information on forest changes. Forest cover sharply decreased from 343.89 in 1967 to 298.44 ha in 1990, and after 2003, the forest area substantially increased and finally reached a maximum of 434.16 ha in 2019. Subdivision and bridge not only occupied the larger areas in the process of forest loss and restoration, but also they had strong correlations with forest changes and the Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were respectively 0.96 and 0.91. These all revealed that forest changes mainly affected landscape structure connectivity. The total forest AGB of Mt. Mufu increased from 20,173.35 in 2006 to 31,035.77 t in 2017, but the increases in AGB were only 30-40 t/ha in most recovery areas with high structure connectivity (bridge regions), indicating there is room for improving restoration projects in the future. The obtained findings can provide mining site restoration managers with clear, long-term forest change information and mine restoration assessment methods.
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Jain, Sheenam, and Vijay Kumar. "Garment Categorization Using Data Mining Techniques." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060984.
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The apparel industry houses a huge amount and variety of data. At every step of the supply chain, data is collected and stored by each supply chain actor. This data, when used intelligently, can help with solving a good deal of problems for the industry. In this regard, this article is devoted to the application of data mining on the industry’s product data, i.e., data related to a garment, such as fabric, trim, print, shape, and form. The purpose of this article is to use data mining and symmetry-based learning techniques on product data to create a classification model that consists of two subsystems: (1) for predicting the garment category and (2) for predicting the garment sub-category. Classification techniques, such as Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Bayesian Forest were applied to the ‘Deep Fashion’ open-source database. The data contain three garment categories, 50 garment sub-categories, and 1000 garment attributes. The two subsystems were first trained individually and then integrated using soft classification. It was observed that the performance of the random forest classifier was comparatively better, with an accuracy of 86%, 73%, 82%, and 90%, respectively, for the garment category, and sub-categories of upper body garment, lower body garment, and whole-body garment.
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Souza-Filho, P. W. M., W. R. Nascimento Jr., B. R. Versiani de Mendonça, R. O. Silva Jr., J. T. F. Guimarães, R. Dall'Agnol, and J. O. Siqueira. "Changes in the land cover and land use of the Itacaiunas River watershed, arc of deforestation, Carajas, southeastern Amazon." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 1491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1491-2015.
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Human actions are changing the Amazon’s landscape by clearing tropical forest and replacing it mainly by pasturelands. The focus of this work is to assess the changes in the Itacaiúnas River watershed; an area located in the southeastern Amazon region, near Carajás, one of the largest mining provinces of the World. We used a Landsat imagery dataset to map and detect land covers (forest and montane savanna) and land use (pasturelands, mining and urban) changes from 1984 to 2013. We employed standard image processing techniques in conjunction with visual interpretation and geographic object-based classification. Land covers and land use (LCLU) “from-to” change detection approach was carried out to recognize the trajectories of LCLU classes based on object change detection analysis. We observed that ~47% (~1.9 million ha) of forest kept unchanged; almost 41% (~1.7 million ha) of changes was associated to conversion from forest to pasture, while 8% (~333,000 ha) remained unchanged pasture. The conversion of forest and montane savannah to mining area represents only 0.24% (~9,000 ha). We can conclude that synergy of visual interpretation to discriminate fine level objects with low contrast associated to urban, mining and savanna classes; and automatic classification of coarse level objects related to forest and pastureland classes is most successfully than use these methods individually. In essence, this approach combines the advantages of the human quality interpretation and quantitative computing capacity.
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Williams, Jennifer M., Donald J. Brown, and Petra B. Wood. "Responses of Terrestrial Herpetofauna to Persistent, Novel Ecosystems Resulting from Mountaintop Removal Mining." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/102016-jfwm-079.
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Abstract Mountaintop removal mining is a large-scale surface mining technique that removes entire floral and faunal communities, along with soil horizons located above coal seams. In West Virginia, the majority of this mining occurs on forested mountaintops. However, after mining ceases the land is typically reclaimed to grasslands and shrublands, resulting in novel ecosystems. In this study, we examined responses of herpetofauna to these novel ecosystems 10–28 y postreclamation. We quantified differences in species-specific habitat associations, (sub)order-level abundances, and habitat characteristics in four habitat types: reclaimed grassland, reclaimed shrubland, forest fragments in mined areas, and nonmined intact forest. Habitat type accounted for 33.2% of the variation in species-specific captures. With few exceptions, forest specialists were associated with intact forest and fragmented forest sites, while habitat generalists were either associated with grassland and shrubland sites or were distributed among all habitat types. At the (sub)order level, salamander (Order Urodela) captures were highest at fragmented and intact forest sites, frog and toad (Order Anura) captures were lowest at intact forest sites, and snake (Suborder Serpentes) captures were highest at shrubland sites. Habitat type was a strong predictor for estimated total abundance of urodeles, but not for anurans or snakes. Tree stem densities in grasslands differed from the other three habitat types, and large trees (>38 cm diameter at breast height) were only present at forest sites. Overstory vegetation cover was greater in forested than in reclaimed habitat types. Ground cover in reclaimed grasslands was distinct from forest treatments with generally less woody debris and litter cover and more vegetative cover. It is important to consider the distributions of habitat specialists of conservation concern when delineating potential mountaintop mine sites, as these sites will likely contain unsuitable habitat for forest specialists for decades or centuries when reclaimed to grassland or shrubland.
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van der Laan, Carina, Arif Budiman, Judith Verstegen, Stefan Dekker, Wiwin Effendy, André Faaij, Arif Kusuma, and Pita Verweij. "Analyses of Land Cover Change Trajectories Leading to Tropical Forest Loss: Illustrated for the West Kutai and Mahakam Ulu Districts, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Land 7, no. 3 (September 13, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7030108.
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In Indonesia, land cover change for agriculture and mining is threatening tropical forests, biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, land cover change is highly dynamic and complex and varies over time and space. In this study, we combined Landsat-based land cover (change) mapping, pixel-to-pixel cross tabulations and expert knowledge to analyze land cover change and forest loss in the West Kutai and Mahakam Ulu districts in East Kalimantan from 1990–2009. We found that about one-third of the study area changed in 1990–2009 and that the different types of land cover changes in the study area increased and involved more diverse and characteristic trajectories in 2000–2009, compared to 1990–2000. Degradation to more open forest types was dominant, and forest was mostly lost due to trajectories that involved deforestation to grasslands and shrubs (~17%), and to a lesser extent due to trajectories from forest to mining and agriculture (11%). Trajectories from forest to small-scale mixed cropland and smallholder rubber occurred more frequently than trajectories to large-scale oil palm or pulpwood plantations; however, the latter increased over time. About 11% of total land cover change involved multiple-step trajectories and thus “intermediate” land cover types. The combined trajectory analysis in this paper thus contributes to a more comprehensive analysis of land cover change and the drivers of forest loss, which is essential to improve future land cover projections and to support spatial planning.
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Gu, Gang, Ai Guo Wang, Chen Cheng Hu, and Hai Chao Liang. "The Impact Analysis of Subsidence on Vegetation Growth in Songzao Mining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.805.
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In this paper, to gradually comprehensive analyze the impact of coal exploration to vegetation growth, Chongqing Songzao Mining was selected as the study area, vegetation index changes of the past decade were analyzed from a macro perspective using three remote sensing data, and then species composition and community structure of different times collapse area was analyzed using microscopic samples investigate. This paper argues that Songzao Mining exploitation of coal resources affected the local forest and grassland vegetation, but not on a wide range of forest and grassland ecosystems adversely affected, the area of forest and grassland ecosystems can carry local failure, and through the self-healing approach ultimately make forest grass ecosystem to stabilize.
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Muhdar, Muhamad. "ASPEK HUKUM REKLAMASI PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA PADA KAWASAN HUTAN DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 27, no. 3 (February 10, 2016): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.15883.
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This study was submitted to answer two questions, first, whether the reclamation obligations of license holders have conformity with the principles of forest protection. Secondly, how the implementation of regulations regarding the reclamation of coal mining in forest areas in Kalimantan Timur. This study uses socio-legal approach to the research area in Kalimantan Timur province. Based on these results, forest destruction can not be avoided because the current rules justify coal mining in forest areas. Implementation of the regulations on reclamation of coal mining in forest areas can be performed without re-vegetation and reduce the number of forest in Kalimantan Timur province.
Penelitian ini diajukan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan, pertama, apakah kewajiban reklamasi pemegang izin memiliki kesesuaian dengan prinsip perlindungan hutan. Kedua, bagaimana implementasi peraturan mengenai reklamasi pertambangan batubara di kawasan hutan di Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal dengan area penelitian di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kerusakan hutan tidak dapat dihindari karena aturan saat ini membenarkan pertambangan batubara di kawasan hutan. Implementasi peraturan tentang reklamasi pertambangan batubara di kawasan hutan dapat dilakukan tanpa revegetasi dan mengurangi jumlah hutan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur.
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Saputra, Herry Marta, Nina Maryana, and Pudjianto . "KEANEKARAGAMAN HYMENOPTERA PARASITIKA PADA TIPE EKOSISTEM BERBEDA DI BANGKA TENGAH, KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 17, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11737-44.
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Diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera in different ecosystem types in Central Bangka, Bangka-Belitung Islands.Hymenoptera richness is dominated by parasitic species. More than 80% of Hymenoptera play a role as parasitoid on arthropods that are mostly insects. Diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera is widely studied in various types of terrestrial ecosystems including agro-ecosystem and non-agro-ecosystem. This study aimed to invent and compare the diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera in three different ecosystems, i.e., forest, oil palm plantation, and ex-tin mining. The location was located in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Island. The study was conducted in Juli 2014 until October 2015. Parasitic Hymenoptera was collected with insect sweep net and yellow pan trap on one transect line with 1000 m length. Parasitic Hymenoptera were found on forest as much as 732 morphospecies, 326 morphospecies on oil palm plantations, and 293 morphospecies on ex-tin mining. Diversity and abundance of parasitic Hymenoptera on forest was higher than oil palm plantation and ex-tin mining area. Braconidae family was found dominant on forest, however on oil palm plantation and extin mining area the dominant family was Scelionidae.
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Ahirwal, Jitendra, Adarsh Kumar, and Subodh Kumar Maiti. "Effect of Fast-Growing Trees on Soil Properties and Carbon Storage in an Afforested Coal Mine Land (India)." Minerals 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100840.
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Surface coal mining activities have numerous consequences on terrestrial ecosystems. Loss of soil and biomass carbon pool due to mining activities is a serious concern in the rapidly changing environment. We investigated the effect of fast-growing trees (Albizia lebbeck, Albizia procera, and Dalbergia sissoo) on soil fertility and ecosystem carbon pool after eight years of afforestation in the post-mining land of Jharia coalfield, India, and compared with the adjacent natural forest site. Significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks in afforested mine soil and natural forest soils were observed. Greater SOC stock was found under D. sissoo (30.17 Mg·C·ha−1) while total N stock was highest under A. lebbeck (4.16 Mg·N·ha−1) plantation. Plant biomass accumulated 85% of the natural forest carbon pool after eight years of afforestation. The study concluded that planting fast-growing trees in post-mining lands could produce a promising effect on mine soil fertility and greater carbon storage in a short period.
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Fatlawi, Hayder K., and Attila Kiss. "Differential privacy based classification model for mining medical data stream using adaptive random forest." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Informatica 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausi-2021-0001.
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Abstract Most typical data mining techniques are developed based on training the batch data which makes the task of mining the data stream represent a significant challenge. On the other hand, providing a mechanism to perform data mining operations without revealing the patient’s identity has increasing importance in the data mining field. In this work, a classification model with differential privacy is proposed for mining the medical data stream using Adaptive Random Forest (ARF). The experimental results of applying the proposed model on four medical datasets show that ARF mostly has a more stable performance over the other six techniques.
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Shi, Zeyu, Zhongke Bai, Donggang Guo, and Meijing Chen. "Develop a Soil Quality Index to Study the Results of Black Locust on Soil Quality below Different Allocation Patterns." Land 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080785.
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Mining areas are currently a typical ecosystem that is severely destroyed within the world. Over the years, mining activities have caused serious soil damage. Therefore, the soil restoration of abandoned mines has become a vital sustainable development strategy. The ecological environment within the hilly area of the Loess Plateau is extremely fragile, with serious soil erosion; Robinia pseudoacacia is the most popular tree species for land reclamation in mining areas within the Loess Plateau. To review the different various effects of Robinia pseudoacacia on soil quality below different configuration modes, this paper has chosen two sample plots within the southern dump of the Pingshuo mining area for comparison. The first plot is a Robinia pseudoacacia-Ulmus pumila-Ailanthus altissima broadleaf mixed forest, and the second plot is a locust tree broadleaf pure forest. The vegetation indicators and soil physical and chemical properties of the four stages in 1993, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were investigated. Principal component analysis is employed to develop the Soil Quality Index to perceive the changes within the Soil Quality Index over time. It is calculated that the Soil Quality Index of Plot I rose from 0.501 in 1993 to 0.538 in 2020, and Plot II rose from 0.501 to 0.529. The higher the SQI, the higher the reclamation of the mining area. It is found that Robinia pseudoacacia within the Robinia pseudoacacia-Ulmus pumila-Ailanthus altissima broadleaf mixed forest has higher soil quality improvement than the pure genus Robinia pseudoacacia broadleaf forest. This article can demonstrate the changes in the quality of reclaimed soil in the mining area, and can also provide a reference for the selection of reclaimed vegetation in other mining areas.
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Anouze, Abdel Latef M., and Imad Bou-Hamad. "Data envelopment analysis and data mining to efficiency estimation and evaluation." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 12, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-11-2017-0302.
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PurposeThis paper aims to assess the application of seven statistical and data mining techniques to second-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) for bank performance.Design/methodology/approachDifferent statistical and data mining techniques are used to second-stage DEA for bank performance as a part of an attempt to produce a powerful model for bank performance with effective predictive ability. The projected data mining tools are classification and regression trees (CART), conditional inference trees (CIT), random forest based on CART and CIT, bagging, artificial neural networks and their statistical counterpart, logistic regression.FindingsThe results showed that random forests and bagging outperform other methods in terms of predictive power.Originality/valueThis is the first study to assess the impact of environmental factors on banking performance in Middle East and North Africa countries.