Academic literature on the topic 'Forest management – Peru'
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Journal articles on the topic "Forest management – Peru"
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Sears, Robin R., Manuel R. Guariguata, Peter Cronkleton, and Cristina Miranda Beas. "Strengthening Local Governance of Secondary Forest in Peru." Land 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121286.
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Natural forest regrowth is critical for restoring ecosystem services in degraded landscapes and providing forest resources. Those who control tenure and access rights to these secondary forest areas determine who benefits from economically charged off-farm opportunities such as finance for forest restoration, selling carbon credits, and receiving payment for ecosystem services. We explore multiple dimensions of secondary forest governance in Peru, where the lack of official government statistics of the extent, geography, and ownership, coupled with low state capacity, prevents the development of governance structures that could stimulate their sustainable management. In this paper, we review the challenges to secondary forest governance, and the opportunities to strengthen it, focusing on beneficial outcomes for smallholder farmers. We characterize secondary forest types, extent, and persistence in Peru, followed by a presentation of the social dimensions of their governance. We identify four entry points for government to take action: national mapping of the socio-geography of second growth forest, regularize the property rights of untitled landholders, relax forest regulations, and provide incentives, not sanctions, for secondary forest management. Overall, we recommend folding secondary forest governance into a landscape approach. In Peru, strengthening local forest governance could help to drive benefits of climate change mitigation incentives directly to local forest stewards.
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Palminteri, Suzanne, George V. N. Powell, and Carlos A. Peres. "Regional-scale heterogeneity in primate community structure at multiple undisturbed forest sites across south-eastern Peru." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000684.
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Abstract:The forests of western Amazonia support high site-level biological diversity, yet regional community heterogeneity is poorly understood. Using data from line transect surveys at 37 forest sites in south-eastern Peru, we assessed whether local primate assemblages are heterogeneous at the scale of a major watershed. We examined patterns of richness, abundance and community structure as a function of forest type, hunting pressure, land-management regime and geographic location. The primate assemblage composition and structure varied spatially across this relatively small region of Amazonia (≈ 85 000 km2), resulting from large-scale species patchiness rather than species turnover. Primate species richness varied among sites by a factor of two, community similarity by a factor of four and aggregate biomass by a factor of 45. Several environmental variables exhibited influence on community heterogeneity, though none as much as geographic location. Unflooded forest sites had higher species richness than floodplain forests, although neither numerical primate abundance nor aggregate biomass varied with forest type. Non-hunted sites safeguarded higher abundance and biomass, particularly of large-bodied species, than hunted sites. Spatial differences among species assemblages of a relatively generalist taxon like primates in this largely undisturbed forest region imply that community heterogeneity may be even greater in more species-rich taxa, as well as in regions of greater forest habitat diversity.
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de Jong, Wil, Luis Freitas, Juan Baluarte, Petra van de Kop, Angel Salazar, Erminio Inga, Walter Melendez, and Camila Germaná. "Secondary forest dynamics in the Amazon floodplain in Peru." Forest Ecology and Management 150, no. 1-2 (September 2001): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00687-3.
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Peinhardt, Clint, Alisha A. Kim, and Viveca Pavon-Harr. "Deforestation and the United States–Peru Trade Promotion Agreement." Global Environmental Politics 19, no. 1 (February 2019): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00498.
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Do environmental provisions in trade agreements make a difference? In part to coopt environmental criticisms, the United States has included environmental components to trade agreements since NAFTA side agreements in the mid-1990s. Environmental components are increasingly more integrated and more specific, as illustrated by the 2009 United States–Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA). In exchange for increased market access to the United States, the Peruvian government agreed to reduce illegal logging and improve forest sector governance. Recent qualitative assessments of deforestation highlight difficulties in implementing the specific requirements of the PTPA’s Annex on Forest Sector Governance, but tests with Peruvian data on logging appear unreliable. We circumvent this difficulty by using satellite imagery of deforestation across Peruvian border regions and by engaging multiple methods to estimate the PTPA’s impact. All results suggest that deforestation has actually increased since the PTPA entered force, although no more than in other Amazonian countries. We conclude by emphasizing the limits of external imposition of environmental rules, which appear prone to failure unless domestic interests mobilize in their support.
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Piperno, Dolores R., Crystal H. McMichael, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Britte M. Heijink, and Luis A. Torres-Montenegro. "A 5,000-year vegetation and fire history for tierra firme forests in the Medio Putumayo-Algodón watersheds, northeastern Peru." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 40 (June 7, 2021): e2022213118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022213118.
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This paper addresses an important debate in Amazonian studies; namely, the scale, intensity, and nature of human modification of the forests in prehistory. Phytolith and charcoal analysis of terrestrial soils underneath mature tierra firme (nonflooded, nonriverine) forests in the remote Medio Putumayo-Algodón watersheds, northeastern Peru, provide a vegetation and fire history spanning at least the past 5,000 y. A tree inventory carried out in the region enables calibration of ancient phytolith records with standing vegetation and estimates of palm species densities on the landscape through time. Phytolith records show no evidence for forest clearing or agriculture with major annual seed and root crops. Frequencies of important economic palms such as Oenocarpus, Euterpe, Bactris, and Astrocaryum spp., some of which contain hyperdominant species in the modern flora, do not increase through prehistoric time. This indicates pre-Columbian occupations, if documented in the region with future research, did not significantly increase the abundance of those species through management or cultivation. Phytoliths from other arboreal and woody species similarly reflect a stable forest structure and diversity throughout the records. Charcoal 14C dates evidence local forest burning between ca. 2,800 and 1,400 y ago. Our data support previous research indicating that considerable areas of some Amazonian tierra firme forests were not significantly impacted by human activities during the prehistoric era. Rather, it appears that over the last 5,000 y, indigenous populations in this region coexisted with, and helped maintain, large expanses of relatively unmodified forest, as they continue to do today.
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Young, Kenneth R. "Threats to biological diversity caused bycoca/cocaine deforestation in Peru." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 1 (March 1996): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038200.
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SummaryIndirect sources were used to characterize the nature and magnitude of threats to the native plants and forest ecosystems caused by the cultivation and control ofcoca, the precursor to cocaine, in the Huallaga valley of Peru, whence the majority of the world's cocaine originates. Deforestation is concentrated between 500 and 2000 m in the tropical premontane forest belt. Recent listing of Peru's seed plants permitted a quantification of plant species known from the department of San Martin between 500–2000 m and thus at risk due to forest degradation. This flora consists of 169 plant families, almost 900 genera, and about 2600 species. Fifteen percent of the species are restricted in distribution to Peru, while 6% are known only from San Martin. An additional 778 species, including 46 narrow endemics, are known from vegetation types found below 500 m. More than 223 000 ha of land were found to be in ‘hill agriculture’, consisting predominantly ofcocafields and this suggests that the total impact ofcoca/cocaine deforestation is greatly under-estimated by using simply the area ofcocaunder cultivation. Degraded tropical pre-montane forest may amount to as much as 1 000 000 ha in all of Peru.
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Moll-Rocek, Julian, Matthew E. Gilbert, and Eben N. Broadbent. "Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae) Regeneration in Logging Gaps in the Peruvian Amazon." International Journal of Forestry Research 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/420764.
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Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsaBonpl.) extraction serves as an important economic resource in the Madre de Dios region of Peru simultaneously promoting forest conservation, yet, under current management, it cannot compete with other land uses. This study investigated the effects of logging gaps on Brazil nut natural regeneration. A total of 48 paired logging gap-understory sites were visited in Brazil nut concessions in the Tambopata province of Madre de Dios, Peru. At each site, the number of Brazil nut recruits was counted and canopy openness and gap area were measured. Significantly higher levels of recruit density were found in logging gaps than in understory sites. Additionally, recruit density was positively correlated with canopy openness. Further, in experimental plantings in paired gap and understory sites, canopy openness, height, total leaf area, and number were recorded from August 2011 to February 2012. Height, total leaf area, and leaf number were significantly higher for tree-fall gap grown seedlings, lending further evidence to improved recruitment success of Brazil nuts in forest gaps. These results suggest that multiple-use forest management could be considered as an alternative for the sustainable extraction of Brazil nuts but also highlight that further studies are required.
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Ramírez, Fred C., Gumercindo A. Castillo, Ymber Flores, Octavio F. Galván, Luisa Riveros, and Lyanna H. Sáenz. "Composition, structure and ecological importance of Moraceae in a residual forest of Ucayali, Peru." Sustainable Forestry 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/sf.v5i1.1621.
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Species of the Moraceae family are of great economic, medicinal and ecological importance in Amazonia. However, there are few studies on their diversity and population dynamics in residual forests. The objective was to determine the composition, structure and ecological importance of Moraceae in a residual forest. The applied method was descriptive and consisted of establishing 16 plots of 20 m × 50 m (0.10 ha), in a residual forest of the Alexánder von Humboldt substation of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation-INIA, Pucallpa, department of Ucayali, where individuals of arboreal or hemi-epiphytic habit, with DBH ≥ 2.50 cm, were evaluated. The floristic composition was represented by 33 species, distributed in 12 genera; five species not recorded for Ucayali were found. Structurally, the family was represented by 138 individuals/ha with a horizontal distribution similar to an irregular inverted “J”. However, there were different horizontal structures among species. It was determined that 85% of the species were in diameter class I (2.50 to 9.99 cm), being the most abundant Pseudolmedia laevis (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr. (41.88 individuals/ha); and the most dominant were Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken (1.71 m2∕ha) and Brosimum alicastrum subsp. bolivarense (Pittier) C.C.Berg (0.90 m2/ha). Likewise, P. laevis and B. utile were the most ecologically important. The information from the present research will allow the establishment of a baseline, which can be used to propose the management of Moraceae in residual forests in the same study area.
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Cotrina Sánchez, Dany A., Elgar Barboza Castillo, Nilton B. Rojas Briceño, Manuel Oliva, Cristóbal Torres Guzman, Carlos A. Amasifuen Guerra, and Subhajit Bandopadhyay. "Distribution Models of Timber Species for Forest Conservation and Restoration in the Andean-Amazonian Landscape, North of Peru." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197945.
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The Andean-Amazonian landscape has been universally recognized for its wide biodiversity, and is considered as global repository of ecosystem services. However, the severe loss of forest cover and rapid reduction of the timber species seriously threaten this ecosystem and biodiversity. In this study, we have modeled the distribution of the ten most exploited timber forest species in Amazonas (Peru) to identify priority areas for forest conservation and restoration. Statistical and cartographic protocols were applied with 4454 species records and 26 environmental variables using a Maximum Entropy model (MaxEnt). The result showed that the altitudinal variable was the main regulatory factor that significantly controls the distribution of the species. We found that nine species are distributed below 1000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), except Cedrela montana, which was distributed above 1500 m a.s.l., covering 40.68%. Eight of 10 species can coexist, and the species with the highest percentage of potential restoration area is Cedrela montana (14.57% from Amazonas). However, less than 1.33% of the Amazon has a potential distribution of some species and is protected under some category of conservation. Our study will contribute as a tool for the sustainable management of forests and will provide geographic information to complement forest restoration and conservation plans.
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Whaley, Oliver Q., David G. Beresford-Jones, William Milliken, Alfonso Orellana, Anna Smyk, and Joaquín Leguía. "An ecosystem approach to restoration and sustainable management of dry forest in southern Peru." Kew Bulletin 65, no. 4 (December 2010): 613–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12225-010-9235-y.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Forest management – Peru"
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Cossío, Rosa E. "Capacity for timber management among private small-medium forest enterprises in Madre de Dios, Peru." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024380.
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Rondon, Xanic Jimena. "Assessing the Sustainability of Strip Clear-Cutting in the Peruvian Amazon." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1217874385.
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Puentes, Ana Cristina. "Functional elements and human dimensions of a municipal solid waste management system in the Amazon forest the case of Puerto Bermúdez, Peru /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005120.
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Hedblom, Marcus Söderström Bo. "Birds and butterflies in Swedish urban and peri-urban habitats : a landscape perspective /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001453/.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007.Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Includes appendix of four papers and manuscripts co-authored with Bo Söderström. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Cinti, Mariagrazia. "Quantificazione ed individuazione delle alterazioni dei dati nell'ambito di indagini di Informatica Forense." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2736/.
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Si è voluto ricreare uno scenario di scorretta gestione di un reperto informatico, ideando e successivamente attuando una serie di test al fine di misurare le alterazioni subite dal sistema operativo (Windows XP). Sono state trattate le best practice operative (internazionali) nonché le disposizioni definite dalla normativa vigente (italiana).
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Mioli, Riccardo. "Una proposta di logiche di correlazione per artefatti forensi utilizzabili nell'ambito dell'analisi live." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22187/.
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L’informatica forense è la scienza che unisce informatica e diritto al fine di conservare, analizzare e interpretare le fonti di prova memorizzate su dispositivi digitali.
La progressiva informatizzazione della società in ogni suo settore ha comportato un graduale aumento dei casi nei quali dati immagazzinati su supporti digitali vengono portati come fonte di prova in un processo.
La quantità di informazioni memorizzate sui moderni calcolatori e la complessità degli scenari in cui un informatico forense si trova ad operare esigono però tempi di analisi incompatibili con la rapidità oggi richiesta.
Una possibile soluzione a questa problematica può essere individuata nell’automazione della fase di analisi mediante logiche di correlazione di artefatti forensi personalizzabili e riutilizzabili da parte di un operatore.
L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è pertanto quello di codificare alcune delle suddette logiche, riguardanti l’individuazione di malware su calcolatori e l'identificazione di movimento laterale all’interno di una rete, al fine di diminuire il lavoro umano richiesto ad un informatico forense.
Per far ciò si utilizzerà una piattaforma, denominata Velociraptor, che offre un query language col quale è possibile analizzare molteplici host sui quali si vuole condurre un'indagine.
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Favero, Uberto Vittorio. "Rilevazione di Remote Access Trojan dal traffico di rete. Profili di Informatica Forense e soluzione progettuale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15461/.
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Lo scopo del presente elaborato di tesi è la creazione di uno strumento utile ai fini dell’informatica forense per la rilevazione di Trojan ad Accesso Remoto dal traffico di rete da essi generato. Il RAT è un malware che consente a un utente non autorizzato il controllo amministrativo da remoto del dispositivo su cui è installato. L’utilizzo dei RAT è illegale ad eccezion fatta per i casi ammessi dal diritto, la cui trattazione sarà oggetto del capitolo Secondo. L’attività di rilevazione è quindi da inquadrare in quelli che sono gli utilizzi illeciti di tali strumenti.
Sotto il profilo giuridico sarà analizzato l’impiego dei RAT nelle fonti giuridiche riguardanti le intercettazioni prendendo in esame i diritti fondamentali di libertà di espressione, l’inviolabilità delle comunicazioni discernendo l’attività di RAT da strumento per la cd. perquisizione on-line, e quindi come strumento non tipico per l’ottenimento di prove, a strumento per l’intercettazione tra presenti in seno alla cosiddetta ”riforma Orlando” del c.p.p.
Passando invece al punto di vista funzionale, il progetto è orientato sull’intercettazione, indicizzazione e analisi del traffico dati riguardante un telefono con RAT installato per rilevare patterns nella rete utili per l’identificazione, senza alterare il telefono.
La cattura dei pacchetti avverrà tramite l’adozione di un wiretapper, che dirotterà i pacchetti provenienti ed indirizzati al telefono in esame. Contestualmente alla cattura dei dati effettuata con Wireshark da riga di comando7, i pacchetti saranno caricati su Elasticsearch, un motore di ricerca full text, e analizzati dall’interfaccia web Kibana, opportunamente configurata per mostrare attività anomale e pattern inusuali nel traffico di rete.
L’intento del presente elaborato risiede quindi nell’esaminare gli aspetti giuridici dei RAT, realizzando un dispositivo che permetta l’autotutela nei casi non previsti dagli istituti giuridici presi in esame.
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Laudisa, Costanza. "Identificazione di utenti in base a come digitano sullo smartphone tramite reti neurali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19618/.
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Negli ultimi anni i metodi di autenticazione tradizionali sui dispositivi elettronici, come password e token, si sono rivelati obsoleti a causa della capacità sempre più avanzata di malintenzionati di risalire a tali informazioni sfruttando debolezze nei sistemi informatici. I sistemi di riconoscimento biometrico nascono come sostitutivi di questi metodi tradizionali e offrono una soluzione più affidabile in quanto si basano su attributi distintivi e propri di un individuo, che non possono essere rubati, manipolati o condivisi. Ad oggi i sistemi di riconoscimento biometrico su smartphone si limitano alla valutazione di caratteristiche fisiche, come la geometria del viso e l'impronta del dito, ma da anni vengono studiate alternative che sfruttano invece caratteristiche comportamentali come l'apposizione di una firma o il pattern di digitazione su una tastiera. I primi studi sul riconoscimento di utenti basato sulla digitazione utilizzavano le tastiere dei computer, ma ben presto si sono estesi anche agli smartphone sfruttando le Application Programming Interface (API) dei sistemi operativi. I metodi più utilizzati per questo compito finora si sono affidati ad algoritmi come 'Random Forest', 'k-Nearest Neighbor' e 'Support Vector Machine'. Questa tesi studia invece la possibilità di utilizzare reti neurali per l'identificazione di utenti sulla base di dati estratti dai pattern di digitazione ('keystroke dynamics') e dai sensori di movimento dello smartphone, mettendole a confronto con i tradizionali classificatori. I risultati indicano che è possibile ottenere risultati soddisfacenti, se non addirittura migliori, anche con l’utilizzo di reti neurali, ma rimane il fatto che le reti neurali sono computazionalmente più complesse dei classici algoritmi di classificazione, il che potrebbe rappresentare un limite per gli smartphone che hanno potenza computazionale ridotta.
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Veronesi, Alessandro. "Proposta metodologica per acquisizione e verificabilita di dati in rete trasmessi in maniera cifrata." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8971/.
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Lo sviluppo di tecnologie informatiche e telematiche comporta di pari passo l’aumento di dispositivi informatici e di conseguenza la commissione di illeciti che richiedono l’uso di tecniche dell’informatica forense. Infatti, l'evoluzione della tecnologia ha permesso la diffusione di sistemi informatici connessi alla rete Internet sia negli uffici che nelle case di molte famiglie: il miglioramento notevole della velocità di connessione e della potenza dei dispositivi comporta l’uso di un numero sempre maggiore di applicazioni basate sul web 2.0, modificando lo schema classico d’uso del mezzo e passando da utente “lettore” a utente “produttore”: si potrebbe quasi porre la domanda “Chi non ha mai scritto un commento su un social network? Chi non ha mai caricato un video su una piattaforma di video sharing? Chi non ha mai condiviso un file su un sito?”.
Il presente lavoro si propone di illustrare le problematiche dell’acquisizione del traffico di rete con particolare focus sui dati che transitano attraverso protocolli cifrati: infatti, l’acquisizione di traffico di rete si rende necessaria al fine di verificare il contenuto della comunicazione, con la conseguenza che diventa impossibile leggere il contenuto transitato in rete in caso di traffico cifrato e in assenza della chiave di decifratura. Per cui, operazioni banali nei casi di traffico in chiaro (come la ricostruzione di pagine html o fotografie) possono diventare estremamente impegnative, se non addirittura impossibile, quando non si sono previsti appositi accorgimenti e in assenza di idonei strumenti.
Alla luce di tali osservazioni, il presente lavoro intende proporre una metodologia completa di acquisizione e uno strumento software che agevoli il lavoro di ricostruzione, e quindi verifica, dei dati contenuti nel traffico catturato, anche cifrato. Infine, verranno mostrati dei casi esemplificativi nei quali tale metodologia si rende opportuna (o meglio, necessaria) con test di ricostruzione dei dati eseguiti con il tool SSLTrafficReader.
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Giovannini, Maicol. "Predizione di attacchi cardiaci con algoritmi di Machine Learning." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22181/.
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Questo elaborato ha come obiettivo di predire attacchi cardiaci il più accuratamente possibile, attraverso algoritmi di machine learning e deep learning.
L'implementazione è stata realizzata con il linguaggio di programmazione python.
Con la libreria scikit-learn sono stati implementati support vector machine e random forest, con la libreria keras di tensorflow è stata implementata un rete neurale artificiale.
Books on the topic "Forest management – Peru"
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Frimer, Ole. The status of Polylepis forests and their avifauna in Cordillera Blanca, Peru: Technical report from an inventory in 1988, with suggestions for conservation management. Copenhagen, Denmark: Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, 1989.
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La Ceja de Montaña: Un paisaje que va desapareciendo : estudios interdisciplinarios en el noreste del Perú = La Ceja de Montaña : a disappearing landscape : interdisciplinary studies from north-eastern Peru. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark, 2009.
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Grimaldo, Rengifo, Arnillas Traverso Nilda, and Proyecto Andino de Tecnologías Campesinas (Peru), eds. La crianza del clima en los Andes centrales del Perú: El papel del FIAC, Fondos de Iniciativas de Afirmación Cultural, en la regeneración del "Allin Kawsay" o vida buena andina : la experiencia del Fondo de Iniciativas de Afirmación Cultural (FIAC) 2002-2009. Lima: PRATEC, Proyecto Andino de Tecnologías Campesinas, 2010.
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Renzo, Chiri Márquez, and Cavero Cárdenas Jans, eds. Gestión de conflictos sociales: Perú, Bolivia y Ecuador. Lima, Perú: Comisión Andina de Juristas, 2006.
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B, Kenny-Jordan Charles, ed. Pioneering change: Community forestry in the Andean Highlands : natural resource management by rural communities in the highlands of Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia. Quito, Ecuador: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1999.
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Nambiar, Sadanandan, and Ian Ferguson. New Forests. CSIRO Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643093089.
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There is no question that the timber industry needs to adopt sustainable practices that ensure a future for the industry. This book goes well beyond simply growing commercial tree plantations for wood production. It explores new forests that can supply environmental services such as salinity mitigation and carbon sequestration together with commercial wood production in an environment beyond the boundaries of traditional forestry.
New Forests targets agricultural landscapes affected by salinity and which generally have rainfall less than 650 mm per year. The book addresses vital issues such as where tree planting might best be pursued, what species and technologies should be used for establishment and later management, how productivity can be improved, what mix of environmental services and commercial goods is optimum, and whether the likely net benefits justify the change in land use and requisite investment.
While the book is focussed on the low-rainfall, agricultural, inland zone of the Murray-Darling Basin wherever possible the scope of most chapters has been expanded to synthesise generic information applicable to other regions in Australia and elsewhere.
The authors provide a comprehensive account of all the issues relevant to the development of these new forests, covering soils, the bio-physical environment, water use and irrigation strategies - including the use of wastewater, silviculture, pests and diseases, wood quality and products, and economics and policy implications.
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Hegetschweiler, Tessa, Boris Salak, Anne C. Wunderlich, Nicole Bauer, and Marcel Hunziker. Das Verhältnis der Schweizer Bevölkerung zum Wald. Waldmonitoring soziokulturell WaMos3. Ergebnisse der nationalen Umfrage. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55419/wsl:29973.
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The relationship of the Swiss population to the forest has been investigated in surveys since 1978, and in 1997 for the first time as part of the so-called “Sociocultural forest monitoring” or “Waldmonitoring soziokulturell” WaMos. This report describes the results of the national Wa- Mos3 survey 2020. The online panel of the market research institute LINK was used for the sur- vey. In addition to the representative survey of the adult population, a sample of 156 adolescents was also interviewed. The self-assessed level of information on forest topics has declined since WaMos2 (2010), with older people feeling better informed than younger people. The level of knowledge regarding the increase in forest area in Switzerland and the management of mountain forests for protection against natural hazards is also lower among younger people than among older ones. Today, the population attributes greater importance to most forest functions for society than in WaMos2. In particular, the ecological function, the production function and the recreational function have gained importance. More people than in WaMos2 (2010) assume that forest health has deteriorated. Changes due to climate change, such as drought damage, are perceived by the population. The majority of the population is in favour of active forest management for climate adaptation. With regard to the ecological function of the forest, most people know that biodiversity has decreased. Accor- dingly, the acceptance of forest reserves is high, as is that of large carnivores. Climate change, the expansion of settlements, introduced animal and plant species and pests are seen as the greatest threats to the forest. Great importance is attached to the protective function of the forest. Nevertheless, knowledge about the interrelation between the management and the pro- tective function of mountain forests is declining. In principle, the population is satisfied with the management of the most frequently visited forest. The felling of trees and closing of roads for logging are well accepted by the population. Leaving branches lying on the ground after logging is controversial, and is either well accepted or not accepted at all. Sustainability criteria have gained in importance when purchasing timber products. In terms of forest preferences, the population likes mixed forests best. The presence of a shrub layer is better liked than in WaMos2 (2010) and the liking of deadwood is also increasing at a low level. However, recreational infrastructure is valued less and less. For the first time, forest photos were also presented to the respondents for assessment. It turns out that already existing forest preferences, motives for visiting the forest, the importance of the forest in childhood and the language region have an influence on visual attractiveness of forest. Forest characteristics such as visibility range, shrub layer cover and cover of berry bushes, stage of stand development, stand structure and the presence of deadwood also have an influence. In order to get a picture of which forests people visit, they were asked to mark the forest they visit most often on a map using PPGIS. Local recreation dominates; the densest cloud of points is found where Switzerland is most densely populated. As always, most people go to the forest frequently. The most frequently cited motives for visiting the forest are “experiencing nature”, “enjoying fresh air” and “escaping from everyday life”. Adolescents go to the forest less often. Their activities in the forest are dominated by barbecues/bonfires/parties, jogging and sports in general. Satisfaction with forest visits has decreased at a high level compared to 2010. Forest attractiveness is rated lower, the visit to the forest is perceived as less restorative and the per- ceived disturbances are increasing. In sum, the Swiss population highly values the forest, as a recreational area, but also in particu- lar as a habitat for plants and animals. Ecological awareness seems to have risen again in the last 10 years, and with it concerns about the state of the forest and biodiversity. On the other hand, satisfaction with forest recreation – at a high level – has somewhat declined.
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Clark, Gordon L., Ashby H. B. Monk, Gordon L. Clark, and Ashby H. B. Monk. Public-sector Contracting for Investment Services. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793212.003.0007.
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In Chapter 7, the focus shifts to public agents and the process of contracting financial services and local pension funds in the US states. The costs of governing and managing this sector are addressed and an idealized model of the institutional design, administration, and supervision of the investment management process is introduced, laying out the forms and functions of pensions in relation to their beneficial purpose. In a brief overview of the US state and local PERS sector, its economic significance and distinctive institutional ecology are noted. The authors’ research demonstrates the extent to which the market for financial services in the US public pension-fund sector is Balkanized, implying significant transaction costs for both the buy and sell sides of the market, more often found at the city or metropolitan level than among funds within states or between funds of adjacent states.
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Davies, Huw, Alison Powell, and Sandra Nutley. Mobilizing Knowledge in Health Care. Edited by Ewan Ferlie, Kathleen Montgomery, and Anne Reff Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198705109.013.17.
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This chapter uses “knowledge mobilization” as an umbrella term to cover activities aimed at collating and communicating research-based knowledge within the health care system and within health care organizations. It explores the nature, use and flow of knowledge, focusing in particular on the role of research-based knowledge and its interactions with other forms of knowing, and on the organizational and management arrangements for health care delivery rather than on evidence-based practice per se. The chapter is underpinned by the premise that knowledge flow in health care is often slow, intermittent and uncertain. Specific, active, knowledge mobilization strategies that take account of context, politics and the individuals and groups involved are therefore needed to help ensure that research-based knowledge informs policy and practice.
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Nolan, Jerry P. Advanced life support. Edited by Neil Soni and Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0091.
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Anaesthetists have a central role in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The incidence of treated out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest is 40 per 100 000 population and is associated with a survival rate to hospital discharge of 8–10%. The incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is 1–5 per 1000 admissions and is associated with a survival rate to hospital discharge of 13–17%. The most effective strategy for reducing mortality from IHCA is to prevent it occurring by detecting and treating those at risk or to identify in advance those with no chance of survival and to make a decision not to attempt resuscitation. The European Resuscitation Council and the Resuscitation Council (UK) publish guidelines for CPR every 5 years and the evidence supporting these is described in the international consensus on CPR science. The advanced life support algorithm forms the core of the guidelines but the precise interventions depend on the circumstances of the cardiac arrest and the skills of the healthcare providers. High-quality CPR with minimal interruptions will optimize survival rates. Shockable rhythms are treated with defibrillation while minimizing the pause in chest compressions. Although adrenaline (epinephrine) is used in most cardiac arrests, no studies have shown that it improves long-term outcome. The post-cardiac arrest syndrome is common and requires multiple organ support in an intensive care unit. Therapy in this phase is aimed at improving neurological (e.g. targeted temperature management) and myocardial (e.g. percutaneous coronary intervention) outcomes. Based on standard outcome measurements (e.g. cerebral performance category), 75–80% of survivors will have a ‘good’ neurological outcome, but many of these will have subtle neurocognitive deficits.
Book chapters on the topic "Forest management – Peru"
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Joyotee, Smith, Finegan Bryan, Cesar Sabogal, Maria do Socorro Goncalves Ferreira, Gustavo Siles Gonzalez, Petra van de Kop, and Armando Diaz Barba. "Management of Secondary Forests in Colonist Swidden Agriculture in Peru, Brazil and Nicaragua." In World Forests, Markets and Policies, 263–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0664-4_18.
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Gežík, Veronika, Stanislava Brnkaľáková, Viera Baštáková, and Tatiana Kluvánková. "Economic and Social Perspective of Climate-Smart Forestry: Incentives for Behavioral Change to Climate-Smart Practices in the Long Term." In Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions, 435–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_12.
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AbstractIn this volume, the concept of climate-smart forestry (CSF) has been introduced as adaptive forest management and governance to address climate change, fostering resilience and sustainable ecosystem service provision. Adaptive forest management and governance are seen as vital ways to mitigate the present and future impact of climate change on forest. Following this trajectory, we determine the ecosystem services approach as a potential adaptive tool to contribute to CSF. Ecosystem services as public or common goods face the traditional social dilemma of individual versus collective interests, which often generate conflicts, overuse, and resource depletion. This chapter focuses on the ecosystem servicegovernance approach, especially on incentive tools for behavioral change to CSF in the long term, which is a basic precondition for the sustainability of ecosystem integrity and functions, as well as ensuring the continuous delivery of ecosystem goods and services, as per the CSF definition. Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are seen as innovative economic instruments when adding a social dimension by involving local communities and their values to ensure the long-term resilience and adaptation of forest ecosystems to climate change. We argue that tackling climate changeadaptation requires the behavioral change of ecosystem service providers to a collaborative and integrated PES approach, as also emphasized by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda 2030.
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Saxena, Krishna G., Kottapalli S. Rao, and Rakesh K. Maikhuri. "Long-Term Tracking of Multiple Benefits of Participatory Forest Restoration in Marginal Cultural Landscapes in Himalaya." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 61–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_4.
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AbstractThe literature is abound with references to the potential of indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) for sustainable landscape management, but empirical on-the-ground efforts that demonstrate this potential are still lacking. To identify interventions for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of forest restoration, participatory trials were set out in the Indian Himalaya, where per capita degraded land far exceeds per capita cropped/healthy forest land. Treatments were designed based on pooled indigenous and scientific knowledge taking into account farm-forest-livelihood interactions in cultural landscapes. The multipurpose tree-bamboo-medicinal herb mixed restoration plantation reached a state of economic benefit/cost ratio >1 in the eighth year and recovered 30–50% of flowering plant species and carbon stock in intact forest. The communities maintained but did not expand restoration in the absence of policies addressing their genuine needs and aspirations. Transformative change for sustainable restoration would include (1) nesting restoration in participatory, long-term, adaptive and integrated landscape development programmes, (2) formally involving communities in planning, monitoring, bioprospecting, and financial management, (3) assuring long-term funding but limited to the inputs unaffordable for local people, (4) stimulating the inquisitive minds of local people by enriching ILK and cultural heritage, (5) convincing policymakers to provide the scientific rationale behind policy stands, to support the regular interactions of communities with researchers, traders, and industrialists, to commit to genuine payment for ecosystem services in unambiguous terms at multiple spatial (household, village and village cluster) and temporal (short, medium and long-term) scales, and to support long-term participatory action research for development of “landscape restoration models” in varied socio-ecological scenarios.
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Pantaleo, Liboria. "Approccio metodologico: costruire per il TDDI." In Strumenti per la didattica e la ricerca, 113–16. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-587-5.11.
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The TDDI experimentation looks at distance teaching as an educational opportunity for the student strongly anchored to a shared planning with the School Tutor. TDDI is, in part, very close to the concept of E-Learning understood as a teaching and learning methodology capable of involving both the product and the training process. In this perspective, the training product must be understood as any type of content made available in digital format. The training process is referred to the management of the entire teaching process involving all aspects of delivery, fruition, interaction, evaluation.
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Aldave, Magaly, Edgardo Castro, Percy Summers, and Pedro Tipula. "Restoration of Riverine Forests: Contributions for Fisheries Management in the Pichis River Watershed of the Selva Central Region of Peru." In Social-ecological Systems of Latin America: Complexities and Challenges, 367–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28452-7_20.
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Valatin, Gregory. "Forest Green Infrastructure and the Carbon Storage and Substitution Benefits of Harvested Wood Products." In Ecological Research Monographs, 443–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_26.
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AbstractForest Green Infrastructure (FGI) provides society with a wide range of benefits. Significant climate change mitigation benefits arise outside the forest associated with the use of harvested wood products. These include both carbon storage in wood products and carbon substitution benefits associated with the use of wood instead of more fossil energy-intensive materials such as concrete and steel, or of fossil fuels in energy production. This chapter considers the potential of extending coverage of the UK Woodland Carbon Code to the carbon benefits of wood products associated with woodland creation projects. It builds on previous approaches to including the carbon benefits of harvested wood products under existing carbon market standards. The key recommendations include (1) exploring ways of allocating carbon units between woodland owners and wood users that provide incentives to increase the quality and supply of timber, the carbon storage and substitution benefits per unit of wood, as well as the overall benefit to society; (2) consideration of potential double-counting issues and how these can be minimized; and (3) investigating rebound and leakage effects, which affect by how much fossil fuel use in the economy changes as a result of increased woodfuel use. Depending on the management system and species used, woodland creation projects involving wood harvesting may increase overall carbon benefits once carbon storage and substitution benefits have been accounted for particularly over multiple rotations. Further work would be required to assess whether average and generic values of carbon storage and substitution benefits could be incorporated into the UK Woodland Carbon Code’s project-level accounting and impacts on the levels of carbon credits that could then be claimed.
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Díaz-Varela, Emilio, Guillermina Fernández-Villar, and Alvaro Diego-Fuentes. "Transformative Change in Peri-Urban SEPLS and Green Infrastructure Strategies: An Analysis from the Local to the Regional Scales in Galicia (NW Spain)." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 133–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_8.
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AbstractTransformative change involves the integration of different social dimensions and the involvement of a multiplicity of actors resulting in high levels of complexity. Considering all this, our work addresses the development of green infrastructure (GI) to improve the conservation of biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services from two different approaches and scales: regional and local.From the regional level, a GI strategy was promoted by the regional government of Galicia (NW Spain) through institutional efforts following a multidisciplinary approach including public participation processes. On the other hand, a local, participative perspective is exemplified in the Neighbourhood Association of the Parish of Chapela (Redondela, Galicia), a peri-urban, coastal area where intensive forestry and urban expansion threatens the availability of accessible multifunctional ecosystems for the local communities.Both approaches are indicative of seeds for a transformative change yet to happen. Nevertheless, they differ in their visions, values and goals: the regional level is statutory-oriented and focused on the accomplishment of administrative objectives; the local level is based on the communities’ wellbeing aims and calls-for-action. Differences are also detected in the risks and barriers to transformative processes, from the inertia of administrative procedures to the limitations of local action to face environmental and developmental problems. Exploration of these contrasting perspectives leads to the identification of needs for institutional change, the emergence of new governance systems, and the development of new perspectives for strategic planning and management.
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Jolly, W. Matt, and Patrick Freeborn. "From fire danger to fire risk: an integrative framework for near-term wildfire risk forecasting." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 209–15. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_34.
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Wildfires are a common global disturbance. Many of these fires fill important ecosystem roles but others must be suppressed to prevent loss of life or property. Decision support tools can provide critical information to support effective wildfire management but the many components of these tools lack a supporting framework to integrate risk components to produce effective and useful wildfire risk forecasts. Here we present a framework to support wildfire preparedness and response decision making that incorporates both static and dynamic components of wildfire hazard to produce risk forecasting. Static model components provide a time-invariant ignition probability for both human and natural caused ignitions and are developed using topographic and fuel quantity metrics. Dynamic model components are evaluated using a combination of fire danger rating indices from the new US National Fire Danger Rating System Version 4.0 released in 2016 and the newly derived Severe Fire Danger Index. When combined together, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this model forecast system to predict the spatial and temporal locations of new wildfire ignitions across large areas using a blend of high, moderate and low resolution spatial terrain, fuels and weather forecast data. We demonstrate components of this framework across the United States and Northern South America specifically across Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. This work will improve our ability to leverage modern fire danger rating systems with over conventional wildfire risk assessments to provide better decision support products throughout the world and these products have the potential to reduce wildfire impacts to firefighters and communities.
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Unger, Daniel, I.-Kuai Hung, Kenneth Farrish, and Darinda Dans. "Quantifying Land Cover Change Due to Petroleum Exploration and Production in the Haynesville Shale Region Using Remote Sensing." In Natural Resources Management, 813–30. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch038.
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The Haynesville Shale lies under areas of Louisiana and Texas and is one of the largest gas plays in the U.S. Encompassing approximately 2.9 million ha, this area has been subject to intensive exploration for oil and gas, while over 90% of it has traditionally been used for forestry and agriculture. In order to detect the landscape change in the past few decades, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery for six years (1984, 1989, 1994, 2000, 2006, and 2011) was acquired. Unsupervised classifications were performed to classify each image into four cover types: agriculture, forest, well pad, and other. Change detection was then conducted between two classified maps of different years for a time series analysis. Finally, landscape metrics were calculated to assess landscape fragmentation. The overall classification accuracy ranged from 84.7% to 88.3%. The total amount of land cover change from 1984 to 2011 was 24%, with 0.9% of agricultural land and 0.4% of forest land changed to well pads. The results of Patch-Per-Unit area (PPU) index indicated that the well pad class was highly fragmented, while agriculture (4.4-8.6 per sq km) consistently showed a higher magnitude of fragmentation than forest (0.8-1.4 per sq km).
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Lorbiecki, Marybeth. "A Wild Proposal: 1919– 1924." In A Fierce Green Fire. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965038.003.0013.
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On August 1, 1919, Aldo was appointed to the second-highest position in District 3—Assistant Forester in Charge of Operations. Numerous foresters grumbled that Leopold didn’t deserve the job and was hardly suited to its enormous responsibilities. He hadn’t proven he was versed enough in all aspects of forestry management to handle the overarching tasks of inspecting every forest, reporting on what he found, and suggesting improvements. Leopold had a rigorous schedule to follow—three forests per summer, with a month at each. Since the Forest Service had no set inspection method, Leopold had to develop his own. His first reports were sketchy. He wrote more comments on rangers’ initiative and reading habits than on the details of their work or the conditions of their fire stations. During a late-summer tour of his old stomping ground, the Carson, Leopold roved further south into the Datil Forest. He fished away a Sunday at the headwaters of the Gila River and came away relaxed and refreshed. No telephone poles or roads cut across the landscape; there were just the pines; the trout; the tingle of fresh, pungent air; and a breeze alive with bird calls. Few areas like this remained in District 3. Was there, he wondered, a legal way to preserve the canyonlands around the Gila just as they were? That December, at a meeting of district foresters in Salt Lake City, Leopold heard about a young forest assistant named Arthur Carhart from District 2 in Colorado. Carhart, the Forest Service’s first landscape architect, had been dubbed the “Beauty Engineer” by his coworkers. Carhart had recommended that Trappers Lake, in the White River National Forest, be permanently preserved in a wilderness state—no so-called improvements. On his return trip, Leopold stopped by the D-2 offices to meet the man. Up to this point, attempts to set aside natural areas in the national forests led only to national parks or “primitive areas” that were open to later development. Leopold did not trust the park system to preserve any wilderness area intact.
Conference papers on the topic "Forest management – Peru"
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SAKLAURS, Mārcis. "THE USE AND EVALUATION OF RIPARIAN FOREST ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN LATVIA." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.054.
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The use and evaluation of riparian forest ecosystem services is a topical issue in Latvia involving interests of different target groups. Research work on proper management methods, their impact on biological values and production function has been started in 2014, while information on social values was missing. Particular methodology was designed and three different approaches of opinion polls were used to obtain information on use of riparian forest services and their evaluation by public in spring, 2015. In total there were 1024 questionnaires distributed out of which 418 were analysed for the research purposes along with 224 filled on the Internet. Different services of riparian forest ecosystems were used by 88 % of respondents, mostly walking along rivers and swimming were mentioned. Respondents evaluated three different scenarios of forest management and 96% of them gave preference to the scenario which required implementation of sustainability criteria resulted in high diversity of species and an increase of esthetical values. Large part (61 %) of respondents accepted the idea of voluntary work to improve the condition of rivers and riparian forests and in average there were ready to work 3.8 days per year. Willingness to pay (WTP) to improve the situation of riparian forests and rivers close to a residence place of a respondents was expressed by 62 % of respondents, in the average 28.50 Euro per year was mentioned. The current research is a starting point for evaluation of riparian forest ecosystems and provides valuable information for further analyses. Research data are used to identify factors influencing the use and evaluation of different services provided by riparian forest ecosystem. Results will be used in decision making processes related to legislation and management changes, as well as in valuation of ecosystem services and planning of public use of riparian forests.
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Georgi, J., S. Zigkiris, Z. Ftika, and E. Konstantinidou. "Management and protection of peri-urban forests of three towns in Greece." In Fourth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment, edited by Kyriacos Themistocleous, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Silas Michaelides, and Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2242851.
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De-chen, Yang, and Yang Xiao-dong. "Long-term Forecast of Chinese Urban Residential Average Per Capita and Stratum Subdivision Estimation." In 2006 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2006.314152.
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Moya, John Erick Malpartida. "Managing Geohazards in Hard Conditions: Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pipelines That Crosses Amazonian Jungles and the Andes." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8532.
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The hydrocarbon transmission system that belongs to Transportadora de Gas del Perú (TGP), comprise two parallel pipelines: a natural gas (NG) pipeline, which runs from the upstream facilities at Malvinas, in the Amazonian jungle of Cusco-Peru, to a reception station at Lurín (south of Lima); and a natural gas liquid (NGL) pipeline, which transports the condensed liquids from Malvinas to Pisco, on the coast of Peru. The right-of-way (ROW) crosses the Peruvian jungle with both pipelines in its first 200 kilometers, after climbs over the Andes Mountains at an elevation of 4860 masl, and descends steeply toward the coast along the Pacific Ocean. TGP’s Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS) has identified the Weather and Outside Forces such as main threat which increases the risk of the integrity of its pipelines in jungle and mountains areas. In pipelines with particular characteristics such as pipeline which crosses the Andes and the Amazonian jungle, this threat can cause even a greater number of failures than other threats such as Corrosion or TPD. This threat caused the 70% of the leaks of our NGL pipeline. The geotechnical and geologic conditions were key factors in the risk level of the system since the beginning of the operation. The PIMS of TgP has achieved an important development in the use and suitable handling of the information provided by diverse techniques of pipeline mechanical and the geotechnical inspection and monitoring of the ROW. Different alternative techniques of monitoring have to be taken into account. It is important also to take into account alternative assessment methodologies in order to determine the pipeline exposure, resistance and mitigation to this threat. By integrating these inspections, monitoring and particular assessments as part of PIMS, we have been able get accurate risk assessments in order to mitigate and/or minimize the occurrence of failures. In this way we are able to optimize efforts to preserve the integrity of our system and in addition minimize personal, environmental and business impact. Risk Assessment is an essential part of the Integrity Management System. Our company developed a very comprehensive and detailed Risk Assessment Model based on the guidelines of API 1160 and ASME B31.8S. The probability model is based on logic trees instead indexing models (the most commonly used), that is because we want to reflect in the result all the variables and factors: Exposition, Resistance and Mitigation Factors. By means of the pipeline Integrity Management System developed by TGP, we are able to mitigate risks due to outside forces. We have been able to act before any event becomes critical: TGP NGL pipeline’s failure rate due to WOF (number of failures per 1000 kilometers-years) decreases substantially from 5.39 to 1.26 in ten years of operation. For the whole system that rate decreases from 2.33 to 0.46.
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Syafri, Muhammad, and Tona Aurora Lubis. "Sustainable Management of Natural Tourism: Effect of Government Expenditure, Income per Capita and Number of Visits to Conservation Forest in Jambi Province." In Proceedings of the 2nd Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/piceeba2-18.2019.127.
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Young, Carrie J. L., and Pip Rudkin. "Statistical Analysis of the Optimum Amount of Bollard Pull Required for Towing an Iceberg." In SNAME 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2006-121.
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Towing icebergs in support of exploration drilling and production facilities has minimized ice related downtime and contributed to safety when operating in harsh environments. Iceberg management operations have been conducted off Newfoundland and Labrador for over 30 years. Results of these towing operations are contained in The Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD) Comprehensive Iceberg Management Database, which holds detailed information on over 1500 iceberg management operations. Among the data contained in this publicly available database, are the tow forces (bollard pull) used on past operations dating as far back as 1973. Using the PERD database, this paper will investigate whether the there is an optimum amount of bollard pull for towing an iceberg based on past experiences. The paper concludes with the ideal bollard pull criterion to be considered by offshore oil and gas operations when determining the primary towing vessel for iceberg management operations.
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Al Riyami, Hilal Mudhafar, Hilal Mohammed Al Sheibani, Hamed Ali Al Subhi, Hussain Taqi Al Ajmi, Zeinab Youssef Zohny, and Azzan Qais Al Kindy. "Petroleum Development Oman Forecasting Management System." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208108-ms.
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Abstract Production performance forecasting is considered as one of the most challenging and time consuming tasks in petroleum engineering disciplines, it has important implications on decision-making, planning production and processing of facilities. In Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), which is the major petroleum company in Oman, production forecast provides a technical input basis for the economic decisions throughout the exploration and production lifecycle. Reservoir engineers spend more than 250 days per year to complete this process. PDO Forecast Management System (FMS) was introduced to transform the conventional forecasting of gas production. Employing the latest state-of-the-art technologies in the field of data management and machine learning (ML), PDO FMS aims at optimizing and automating the process of capturing, reporting, and predicting hydrocarbon production. This new system covers the full forecast processes including long and short-term forecasting for gas, condensate, and water production. As a pilot project, PDO FMS was deployed on a cluster of 272 wells and relied on agile project management approach to realize the benefits during the development phase. Deployment of the new system resulted in a significant reduction of the forecasting time, optimization of manpower and forecasting accuracy.
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France, Todd, Eric Wiemers, Stephen E. Butterworth, Yahia Baghzouz, and Robert F. Boehm. "Renewable Energy for Federal Land Management Agencies in Southern Nevada." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54230.
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The National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the USDA Forest Service governmental agencies in southern Nevada have collaborated with the Center for Energy Research at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas to explore the feasibility of becoming energy neutral by 2010. The three federal agencies have set a goal to offset their combined annual energy demand (currently supplied by local utility companies) with an equal amount of power produced by renewable energy sources. The study results indicate that the three federal agencies above consume just over 3,000 megawatt-hours of electrical energy per year in and around the Las Vegas Valley. Upon researching various types of renewable energy, it was determined that wind, geothermal, and biomass technologies either failed to have sufficient resources available in southern Nevada or conflicted with the resource management philosophies of the federal agencies. Solar energy is the most abundant feasible source of renewable energy within the study area, and it was determined that a 1.5 megawatt fixed photovoltaic (PV) system is best suited for this project.
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De Cadilhac, Rossella. "Quale futuro per il patrimonio fortificato: problemi di conservazione e valorizzazione." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11475.
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What future for fortified heritage: problems of conservation and enhancementWhat are the risk factors that undermine the conservation of fortified architecture? What are the future prospects of a heritage that is not always adequately protected and valued? These are the questions posed by castles, towers, fortresses that seem to have lost the meaning of their existence, for having failed in their original function. Certainly the abandonment involves an inevitable lack of maintenance with the inevitable decay due to natural causes with slow action and prolonged over time. But even bad restorations conducted without the necessary historical-critical awareness and the necessary technical skills can irreversibly cancel documents of art and history, as well as “material testimonies of civilization value”. It is a heritage of multiple criticalities that offers an extraordinary opportunity for contemporary design aiming at conservation. Innumerable problems are posed by fortified architectures, first and foremost the accessibility, but also their management, which cannot but take into account the very close typology-function relationship and where, however, the old utilization is no longer possible. Unquestionably the first step is represented by the knowledge of these singular architectures, in the becoming of historical processes, which is an unavoidable moment on which the choices aiming at conservation and valorisation depend. Emblematic from this point of view are some case studies investigated in Puglia which pose the problem of maximum conservative attention and desirable enhancement, pursued with the promotion of knowledge and the assurance of the best conditions of use, provided that the new function is respectful of the identity of the object of study, of its use vocations and attentive to the needs and expectations of the community.
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Alcocer Santos, Pedro, and Sandra Valdés Valdés. "Anillo Primavera: perspectivas en la gestión de la zona de amortiguamiento del bosque La Primavera desde la visión de los Paisajes Culturales." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6061.
Full textAbstract:
En este artículo se plantea la necesidad del bosque La Primavera, Reserva de Biosfera MAB UNESCO en
Guadalajara, Jalisco, de contar con una zona de amortiguamiento y transición, y cómo los criterios para el
desarrollo de esta zona parten de su entendimiento como Paisaje Cultural. En este sentido se buscan puntos en
común para la gestión y desarrollo territorial de Reservas de Biosfera y Paisajes Culturales.
La conservación del bosque La Primavera requiere un cambio de paradigma en donde bosque y ciudad se
visualicen como componentes opuestos pero al mismo tiempo complementarios. Se trata de una investigación
aplicada surgida de la universidad ITESO y se estructura bajo el modelo de Think Tank que involucra sociedad,
gobierno y academia. The current article intends to high light the need to implement a buffer zone for La Primavera Forest, Biosphere
reserve MaB UNESCO in Guadalajara, Jalisco. The criteria to develop this transition zone is based on
understanding this territory as a Cultural Landscape. Seeking common ground betwen Biosphere Reserves and
Cultural Landscapes criteria to organize the management and development of the buffer zone.
To understand the oponents of city development and forest preservation as complementary elements, a
paradigm shift is needed. This is an applied research from the ITESO, and it is structured as a Think Tank that
involves society, goberment and academy.
Reports on the topic "Forest management – Peru"
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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.
Full textAbstract:
The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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Fuelberth, August S., Adam D. Smith, and Sunny E. Adams. Fort McCoy, Wisconsin Building 550 maintenance plan. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38659.
Full textAbstract:
Building 550 (former World War II fire station) is located on Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, and was recommended eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2018 (Smith and Adams 2018). The building is currently vacant. It is an intact example of an 800 Series World War II fire station with character-defining features of its period of significance from 1939 to 1946 on its exterior and interior. All buildings, especially historic ones, require regular planned maintenance and repair. The most notable cause of historic building element failure and/or decay is not the fact that the historic building is old, but rather it is caused by incorrect or inappropriate repair and/or basic neglect of the historic building fabric. This document is a maintenance manual compiled with as-is conditions of construction materials of Building 550. The Secretary of Interior Guidelines on rehabilitation and repair per material are discussed to provide the cultural resources manager at Fort McCoy a guide to maintain this historic building. This report satisfies Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 as amended and will help the Fort McCoy Cultural Resources Management office to manage this historic building.
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Sandford, Robert, Vladimir Smakhtin, Colin Mayfield, Hamid Mehmood, John Pomeroy, Chris Debeer, Phani Adapa, et al. Canada in the Global Water World: Analysis of Capabilities. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/vsgg2030.
Full textAbstract:
This report critically examines, for the first time, the capacity of Canada’s water sector with respect to meeting and helping other countries meet the water-related targets of the UN’s global sustainable development agenda. Several components of this capacity are examined, including water education and research, investment in water projects that Canada makes internally and externally, and experiences in water technology and governance. Analysis of the water education system suggests that there is a broad capability in institutions of higher learning in Canada to offer training in the diverse subject areas important in water. In most cases, however, this has not led to the establishment of specific water study programmes. Only a few universities provide integrated water education. There is a need for a comprehensive listing of water-related educational activities in universities and colleges — a useful resource for potential students and employers. A review of recent Canadian water research directions and highlights reveals strong and diverse water research capacity and placed the country among global leaders in this field. Canada appears to be within the top 10 countries in terms of water research productivity (publications) and research impact (citations). Research capacity has been traditionally strong in the restoration and protection of the lakes, prediction of changes in climate, water and cryosphere (areas where water is in solid forms such as ice and snow), prediction and management of floods and droughts. There is also a range of other strong water research directions. Canada is not among the top 10 global water aid donors in absolute dollar numbers; the forerunners are, as a rule, the countries with higher GDP per capita. Canadian investments in Africa water development were consistently higher over the years than investments in other regions of the global South. The contributions dropped significantly in recent years overall, also with a decline in aid flow to Africa. Given government support for the right business model and access to resources, there is significant capacity within the Canadian water sector to deliver water technology projects with effective sustainable outcomes for the developing world. The report recommends several potential avenues to elevate Canada’s role on the global water stage, i.e. innovative, diverse and specific approaches such as developing a national inventory of available water professional capacity, and ranking Universities on the strength of their water programmes coordinating national contributions to global sustainability processes around the largest ever university-led water research programme in the world – the 7-year Global Water Futures program targeting specific developmental or regional challenges through overseas development aid to achieve quick wins that may require only modest investments resolving such chronic internal water challenges as water supply and sanitation of First Nations, and illustrating how this can be achieved within a limited period with good will strengthening and expanding links with UN-Water and other UN organisations involved in global water policy work To improve water management at home, and to promote water Canadian competence abroad, the diverse efforts of the country’s water sector need better coordination. There is a significant role for government at all levels, but especially federally, in this process.