Relevant bibliographies by topics / Forest fragments

Academic literature on the topic 'Forest fragments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Forest fragments"

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Shen, Chunyu, Nannan Shi, Shenglei Fu, Wanhui Ye, Lei Ma, and Dongsheng Guan. "Decline in Aboveground Biomass Due to Fragmentation in Subtropical Forests of China." Forests 12, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050617.

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Fragmentation has long been considered the primary cause for ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss worldwide. Forest fragmentation affects ecosystem functioning and biodiversity in multiple ways. Here, we ask how forest fragmentation influences aboveground biomass storage (AGB) in sub-tropical forests in China. We established 207 20 m × 20 m plots within 69 forest fragments of varying size. Forest fragmentation process simulation was carried out via repeated quadrat sampling using different sized quadrats in two non-fragmented stands. AGB was estimated and compared across forest fragments and quadrats with different sizes within two non-fragmented stands. Our results indicate that AGB is significantly lower in forest fragments than in quadrats within two non-fragmented forests. In addition, species richness and abundance were lower in fragmented stands, respectively. In fragmented forests, the average diameter at breast height (DBH) increased with decreasing patch size, while declined for non-fragmented plots. Species richness, abundance, and mean DBH have strongly positive effects on AGB. This was the case both in forest fragments and quadrats within two non-fragmented forests. Forest fragmentation leads to lower richness, lower abundance, and higher mean DBH in forest fragments than in the two non-fragmented forests. Our results suggest that forest fragmentation increases edge habitats, which drastically decreases forests aboveground biomass storage. These results show that land degradation not only reduces the area of forests, but also reduces the aboveground biomass carbon density of forests.
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MARINI, MIGUEL Â. "Effects of forest fragmentation on birds of the cerrado region, Brazil." Bird Conservation International 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270901001034.

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Bird surveys were conducted through observations and mist-netting in six forest fragments in the cerrado region of central Brazil, to evaluate the effects of fragmentation on bird species richness and community composition. Smaller forest fragments had fewer species than larger fragments. The proportion of species in most foraging guilds did not change with forest size, except for that of granivores, which decreased as fragment size increased. The proportion of forest-dependent species increased significantly with increasing fragment size while that of semi-dependent species significantly decreased. Forest-dependent endemic birds, however, were not area sensitive, but appeared to be partially dependent on the flooded forests of the region. Conservation policies for the region should conserve both large and small forest fragments urgently, and flooded forests especially.
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Rodríguez-Mendoza, Clara, and Eduardo Pineda. "Importance of riparian remnants for frog species diversity in a highly fragmented rainforest." Biology Letters 6, no. 6 (June 16, 2010): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0334.

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Tropical forests undergo continuous transformation to other land uses, resulting in landscapes typified by forest fragments surrounded by anthropogenic habitats. Small forest fragments, specifically strip-shaped remnants flanking streams (referred to as riparian remnants), can be particularly important for the maintenance and conservation of biodiversity within highly fragmented forests. We compared frog species diversity between riparian remnants, other forest fragments and cattle pastures in a tropical landscape in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. We found similar species richness in the three habitats studied and a similar assemblage structure between riparian remnants and forest fragments, although species composition differed by 50 per cent. Frog abundance was halved in riparian remnants compared with forest fragments, but was twice that found in pastures. Our results suggest that riparian remnants play an important role in maintaining a portion of frog species diversity in a highly fragmented forest, particularly during environmentally stressful (hot and dry) periods. In this regard, however, the role of riparian remnants is complementary, rather than substitutive, with respect to the function of other forest fragments within the fragmented forest.
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Calle-Rendón, Bayron R., Renato R. Hilário, and José Julio de Toledo. "Effect of Site Attributes and Matrix Composition on Neotropical Primate Species Richness and Functional Traits: A Comparison Among Regions." Diversity 11, no. 5 (May 25, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11050083.

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Fragmentation threatens biodiversity and forest-dwelling animals can be especially vulnerable. Neotropical primates inhabit forests and play ecological roles in maintaining forest biodiversity. Currently, many primate communities are restricted to forest fragments. We (1) evaluated the influence of environmental, matrix, and site attributes on species richness and functional traits of primates in the Neotropics; and (2) evaluated the effect of the sub-region on the relationships between primates and environmental, matrix, and site attributes. We conducted literature searches to find published data on primate communities in forest fragments throughout the Neotropics. Each fragment was assigned to 1 of 11 sub-regions: Mesoamerica, Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena, Caribbean, Orinoco, Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Chaco, Andes, Caatinga, and Pampa. Based on actual and expected species occurrences, we calculated the proportion of primate species retained in the fragments, the mass retained, and dietary items retained considering reproductive and vegetative plant parts and prey. We used linear mixed models to correlate primate variables with environmental, matrix, and site attributes. Fragment area was more important for primate retention than environmental, matrix, and site attributes, with primate retention being higher in larger fragments. Fragment size was positively correlated with all primate variables, except for retention of prey consumption, whose retention decreased as water bodies and density of buildings in the matrix increased. Fragments within protected areas retained larger species than unprotected fragments. The proportion of extant mass retained and vegetative plant parts in the diet were highest in Mesoamerica and lowest in the Atlantic Forest. Conservation planning of Neotropical primates should consider both the differences among sub-regions, forest restoration to increase fragment size, and the creation of new protected areas, even in fragmented landscapes.
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Hansen, Matthew C., Lei Wang, Xiao-Peng Song, Alexandra Tyukavina, Svetlana Turubanova, Peter V. Potapov, and Stephen V. Stehman. "The fate of tropical forest fragments." Science Advances 6, no. 11 (March 2020): eaax8574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax8574.

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Tropical forest fragmentation results in habitat and biodiversity loss and increased carbon emissions. Here, we link an increased likelihood of tropical forest loss to decreasing fragment size, particularly in primary forests. The relationship holds for protected areas, albeit with half the rate of loss compared with all fragments. The fact that disturbance increases as primary forest fragment size decreases reflects higher land use pressures and improved access for resource extraction and/or conversion in smaller fragments. Large remaining forest fragments are found in the Amazon and Congo Basins and Insular Southeast Asia, with the majority of large extent/low loss fragments located in the Amazon. Tropical areas without large fragments, including Central America, West Africa, and mainland Southeast Asia, have higher loss within and outside of protected areas. Results illustrate the need for rigorous land use planning, management, and enforcement in maintaining large tropical forest fragments and restoring regions of advanced fragmentation.
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Bayne, Erin, and Keith Hobson. "Relative use of contiguous and fragmented boreal forest by red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 3 (April 1, 2000): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-219.

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We examined whether forest fragmentation by agriculture influenced the abundance of North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in the southern boreal mixedwood forest of Saskatchewan. During the summers of 1995 and 1997, we determined the relative abundance of red squirrels in 43 forest fragments ranging in size from 0.2 to 82 ha and in 15 sites in nearby contiguous forest. Relative abundance was determined using acoustic point count surveys, in which all squirrel vocalizations were recorded. Within the fragmented agricultural landscape, we found that red squirrel abundance increased slightly with forest-fragment size, whereas the abundance of red squirrels was negatively correlated with the amount of forest cover within 1 km of a site. We also compared squirrel abundance in forest fragments with that in contiguous forest and found that red squirrels were significantly more abundant in forest fragments than in contiguous forest. We speculate that changes in dispersal patterns in fragmented forest habitats, higher squirrel survival in forest fragments, and differences in diet between contiguous and fragmented forest habitats contributed to this pattern. Our results suggest that forest fragmentation may not be particularly detrimental to habitat generalists like the red squirrel. However, an increased abundance of red squirrels in forest fragments may result in negative effects on other species, such as forest songbirds.
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HARRINGTON, G. N., A. N. D. FREEMAN, and F. H. J. CROME. "The effects of fragmentation of an Australian tropical rain forest on populations and assemblages of small mammals." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 2 (March 2001): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001158.

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Small mammals were trapped in four rain forest fragments (3, 8, 20 and 97 ha), in an agricultural landscape, and in comparable continuous tropical rain forest in north Queensland, Australia over 2 y. The most frequently captured species were four murid rodents. Melomys cervinipes were captured in similar numbers in both continuous and fragmented forest. This species achieves greatest abundance at forest edges and this study suggests that edges of fragments and edges of continuous forest will support similar densities. Abundance of Uromys caudimaculatus was positively correlated with size of fragment and peaked in continuous forest. This species had a home range larger than the smaller fragments and was thus disadvantaged but its ability to utilize the agricultural matrix between fragments mitigated the effect. Rattus leucopus and R. fuscipes were most abundant in fragments and continuous forest respectively but both species occurred in similar abundance in the 97-ha fragment. This suggests their population size is related to habitat rather than competitive exclusion as previously postulated. Ordination of the populations of the nine most commonly captured mammals, separated the fragment and continuous sites but placed the largest fragment closest to the continuous sites. The contrasting response of the two Rattus spp. was the primary influence on the ordination. Second in importance was Trichosurus vulpecula, a folivorous possum, which was absent from the continuous sites. The fragments may have had more nutrient-rich, pioneer tree foliage than continuous forest. Isoodon macrourus, Perameles nasuta, Antechinus godmani and Uromys hadrourus also showed positive or negative response to fragmentation. Species utilizing the matrix between forest fragments and species adapted to forest edge are advantaged by the fragmentation process whereas forest specialists tend to extinction in fragments, particularly where the home range of the animal is not many times smaller than the fragment.
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Wang, Zhenning, Jianping Yin, Xudong Li, and Jianya Yi. "Effect of Wood Medium on Dispersion Parameters of Prefabricated Spherical Fragments in Forest." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 11333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211333.

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In order to study the influence of the forest environment on the killing power of prefabricated fragments, the relationship between the wood medium in the forest and the residual velocity of prefabricated fragments and a simple calculation model were obtained. The impact test of 300 mm thick pine target plate was carried out with 6 mm and 11 mm diameter tungsten alloy spherical fragments. The LS-DYNA finite element modeling of wood was carried out and compared with the experimental parameters, which verified the reliability of the numerical simulation method on the residual velocity of fragments. Based on this, a simple mathematical calculation method for the forest environment is constructed to calculate the penetration track length of fragments in the forest environment. Combined with the model and the formula for calculating the residual velocity of wood, the impact of forests on fragments within a certain radius can be evaluated. According to the characteristics of the forest environment, the boundary effects of the multi-layer spacing targets and trees were further studied. The research shows that the wood reduces the fragment power mainly by affecting the penetration length. The influence of forest density, tree diameter, and other parameters on the fragment velocity attenuation in the forest environment is analyzed. Using this method, the influence of forest environmental parameters on fragment dispersion parameters can be simply evaluated.
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CÂNDIDO, Maria Eliene Maia Braga, Patrícia Nakayama MIRANDA, and Elder Ferreira MORATO. "Orchid bees in riparian and terra-firme forest fragments in an urban matrix in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia." Acta Amazonica 51, no. 3 (September 2021): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202003781.

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ABSTRACT Riparian forests are important ecosystems that support an enormous biodiversity in Brazil. Despite being protected under Brazilian legislation, these forests suffer great impact from the fragmentation of habitats. Orchid bees are a key group of pollinators in the Neotropical region, yet few data are available on the assamblage structure of these bees in riparian forests. We evaluated the role of fragments of riparian and terra-firme forest on the conservation and maintenance of orchid bees in an urban landscape in the southwestern Amazon basin. Specifically, we evaluated whether bee assemblages in riparian and terra-firme forests differed significantly in abundance, species richness and composition. We also evaluated whether species richness and abundance of bees vary with the size of the forest fragment. Male bees were attracted using odoriferous baits and collected with entomological nets in 10 forest fragments. There was no significant difference between riparian and terra-firme fragments in species abundance, richness and composition, but there was a positive correlation between fragment size and species richness and abundance. Our results suggest that, in an urban landscape, the remaining riparian and terra-firme forest fragments still could maintain 62.7% of the orchid bee species known to occur in the region, reinforcing the conservation value of these forest remnants. Our findings indicate that these fragments provide a potentially important habitat for the maintenance of local bee populations in the landscape.
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Šipek, Mirjana, Lado Kutnar, Aleksander Marinšek, and Nina Šajna. "Contrasting Responses of Alien and Ancient Forest Indicator Plant Species to Fragmentation Process in the Temperate Lowland Forests." Plants 11, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233392.

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Fragmentation is one of the major threats to biodiversity. In a fragmented landscape, forest specialists are losing suitable forest habitats with specific site and microclimate conditions, which results in their local extinction. Conversely, the invasion of alien species is facilitated by open forest areas and increased boundaries between forest fragments and adjacent land. We studied the effect of fragmentation in terms of fragment size impact on overall plant species richness and on selected ecologically important groups’ richness, composition, and diversity. We surveyed vegetation in the interior of 47 fragments of various sizes and one unfragmented reference forest. Our results reveal that the effect of fragmentation is complex and differs for studied plant groups. Decreasing fragment size negatively affects the overall plant richness and richness of native and ancient forest indicator plants as well as their diversity, while the effect is positive for alien plants. The highest proportion of ancient forest indicator plant species and the lowest proportion of alien plants in the unfragmented forest underline the great conservation value of forest fragments. At the same time, our results reveal that large and diverse forest ecosystems are susceptible to biological invasions as well.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forest fragments"

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Lins, Sílvia Rafaela Machado. "Nutrients dynamics in tropical forest fragments located in an area of Atlantic Forest of the state of Alagoas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-17102017-103106/.

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The Northeastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil contains thousands of forest fragments at different stages of regeneration, some recovering from abandoned agricultural fields, while others recovering from chronic disturbances such as fire, logging, and poaching. Some of these fragments kept protected for several reasons: corporate responsibility, compliance with the forest code, preservation of biodiversity, among others. Although these fragments are far from having the same species richness of plant and animal, they can perform important ecosystem services, such as protection of water bodies, reservoir of important nutrients and carbon (C). This is especially important if we consider that there are global initiatives such as REDD + with the objective of assessing secondary forests and forests in recovery process as important C pools. On the other hand, the management and preservation of these fragments depends on a solid knowledge about their structure and nutrient cycle. There is a relatively rich literature on the loss of biodiversity in these Northeastern forest fragments. Much less is available, however, about the structure and function of these fragments. This work intends to contribute to fill this gap, providing solid scientific information on four forest areas and a secondary forest, where a restoration program was implemented in the State of Alagoas, Northeast of Brazil. After a brief introduction, chapter one discusses the structure of these fragments through a complete forest inventory, where individuals density, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured for each tree with DBH >= 10 cm. With these allometric data, we estimated the basal area and aboveground live biomass (AGLB), comparing these attributes with other estimates available in the literature. In chapter two, we investigated the distribution of nutrients in the forest fragments, where we measured the foliar concentration of C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). At the same time, we measured the litterfall mass in each fragment and its nutrient content for a one year period of sampling. With this information we were able to establish how these areas cycled their main limiting nutrients and C. Finally, in the last chapter we approached the partition of C and nutrient stocks, above and belowground, in order to evaluate the importance of C pools and nutrients in the forest fragments and understand the role of these fragments in a world that urgently needs to store C in a sustainable reservoir.
A Floresta Atlântica do Nordeste do Brasil contém milhares de fragmentos de florestas em diferentes estágios de regeneração, alguns se recuperando de campos agrícolas abandonados, enquanto outros se recuperam de distúrbios crônicos como incêndio, extração de madeira e caça furtiva. Alguns desses fragmentos ficaram protegidos por várias razões: responsabilidade corporativa, cumprimento do código florestal, preservação da biodiversidade, entre outros. Embora estes fragmentos estejam longe de ter a mesma riqueza de espécies vegetais e animais, podem desempenhar importantes serviços ecossistêmicos, como proteção de corpos d\'água, reservatório de importantes nutrientes e carbono. Isso é especialmente importante se considerarmos que há iniciativas globais como o REDD+ que visam avaliar florestas secundárias e de recuperação como importantes reservatórios de carbono (C). Por outro lado, a gestão e preservação destes fragmentos dependem de um conhecimento sólido sobre a sua estrutura e ciclo de nutrientes. Há uma literatura relativamente rica sobre a perda de biodiversidade nestes fragmentos florestais do Nordeste. No entanto, muito menos está disponível sobre a estrutura e o funcionamento destes fragmentos. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para o preenchimento desta lacuna, fornecendo informações científicas sólidas sobre quatro áreas florestais e uma floresta secundária, onde foi implantado um programa de restauração no Estado de Alagoas, Nordeste do Brasil. Após uma breve introdução, o capítulo um discute a estrutura desses fragmentos através de um inventário florestal completo, onde a densidade indivíduos, sua altura e diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) foram medidos para cada árvore com DAP >= 10 cm. Com esses dados alométricos, estimamos a área basal e a biomassa viva acima do solo (AGLB), comparando esses atributos com outras estimativas disponíveis na literatura. No capítulo dois, investigamos a distribuição de nutrientes nos fragmentos florestais, onde medimos a concentração foliar de C, nitrogênio (N) e fósforo (P). Ao mesmo tempo, medimos durante um ano a massa da serapilheira em cada fragmento e seu teor de nutrientes. Com essas informações pudemos estabelecer como essas áreas ciclam seus principais nutrientes limitantes e C. Finalmente, no último capítulo abordamos a partição dos estoques de C e nutrientes, acima e abaixo do solo, com o objetivo de avaliar a importância dos pools de C e nutrientes nos fragmentos de floresta e entender qual o papel desses fragmentos em um mundo que necessita urgentemente estocar C em um reservatório sustentável.
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Malvido-Benitez, Julieta. "The ecology of seedlings in Central Amazonian forest fragments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361691.

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Willems, Nancy. "Forest structure and regeneration dynamics of podocarp/hardwood forest fragments, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1301.

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Although species maintenance in small forest fragments relies on successful regeneration and recruitment, few studies have examined the effects of fragmentation on regeneration processes. New Zealand's podocarp species rely on large disturbance openings operating across a vegetated landscape to stimulate regeneration. Clearance of vegetation that results in small fragments of forest removes regeneration opportunities for podocarps by destroying the intact vegetation mosaic, and as a result may exclude disturbances of the scale necessary for podocarp regeneration. Fragmentation alters the disturbance regime of the landscape, with important implications for the regeneration of podocarps on Banks Peninsula. The four remaining lowland podocarp-hardwood fragments on Banks Peninsula were sampled to determine the structure and regeneration patterns of podocarps and to assess their long term viability. Density, basal area, and size and age class distributions were used to examine current composition, and in conjunction with spatial analysis, to identify past regeneration patterns and infer likely future changes in composition and population structure. Podocarp size and age class structures for three of the four fragments were characteristically even-sized and relatively even-aged (eg; Prumnopitys taxifolia c. 350 to 600 years), with little or no regeneration for approximately the last 200 years (old-growth fragments). Regeneration of the current podocarp canopy in the old-growth fragments may have been stimulated by flooding. The fourth younger fragment showed much more recent regeneration with Prumnopitys taxifolia, Podocarpus totara and Dacrycarpus dacrydioides mostly 80-160 years old, and substantial populations of seedlings and saplings, probably as a result of anthropogenic fire. In the absence of major disturbance the podocarp component in forest fragments on Banks Peninsula is likely to decline with composition shifting towards dominance by hardwood species. There is some evidence to suggest that canopy collapse will stimulate some podocarp regeneration within the fragments, however it appears to be unlikely that podocarps will persist on Banks Peninsula indefinitely within the fragments studied. There is an urgent need for more quantitative research in New Zealand fragmentation literature, and a need for more emphasis on processes. Banks Peninsula offers potential for a more landscape scale approach in forest management, and the maintenance of regenerating scrub in pockets about the Peninsula may offer the regeneration opportunities for podocarps that are lacking within protected fragments. My study took a quantitative approach in examining the effects of forest fragmentation on the demographics of podocarps and compositional change in forest fragments on Banks Peninsula.
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Ridbäck, Ulrika. "Botanical diversity in fragments of semidecidous forest in Western Ecuador." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1409.

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Coastal Ecuador is a region with high endemism and the need to protect its biological diversity has increased because of serious changes of the natural vegetation. The purpose of this study was to explore the botanical diversity in small forest fragments and to compare the data with the diversity in a nearby forest reserve. Samples of all vascular plants except lianas, climbers and epiphytes were collected and registered in plots of 50 m2 in temporary flooded and unflooded habitats. The abundance of trees and herbs is higher in the forest reserve, whereas the number of shrubs is higher in the forest fragments. The temporary flooded habitats have a higher abundance of life forms compared to the non-inundated habitats in both study areas. The forest reserve has more species of vascular plants in both habitats and also higher species diversity. A large amount of flowering species inhabited the forest fragments.
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Henriques, Olga Kotchetkoff. ""Caracterização da vegetação natural em Ribeirão Preto, SP: bases para conservação"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-29042004-130918/.

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Buscando o estabelecimento de base concreta para conservação dos fragmentos florestais em Ribeirão Preto, SP, foi efetuado o diagnóstico da vegetação natural no município. Existem 102 remanescentes florestais, e em 99 deles foi efetuado levantamento florístico expedito. Foram encontradas 494 espécies arbóreas, pertencentes a 74 famílias botânicas, além de 31 espécies exóticas. Baseada na composição de espécies de cada fragmento, foi efetuada análise de correspondência retificada (DCA), utilizando a classe de solo onde situa-se o fragmento como variável categórica. Esta análise indica a existência de quatro grupos de vegetação: Mata Mesófila, Mata Decídua, Mata Paludícola e Cerrado, que ocorrem, respectivamente, em Latossolo Roxo, Litossolo, Solo Hidromórfico e Latossolo Vermelho Escuro ou Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo. Cada grupo apresenta composição florística própria e fisionomia típica. A riqueza de espécies encontrada em cada fragmento variou de 13 a 134 espécies. Há um grande número de espécies com ocorrência rara – 275 espécies (52,38%) ocorrem em menos de 5% dos fragmentos, e nove espécies (1,71%) ocorrem em mais de 50% dos remanescentes. Há espécies com ocorrência rara em todos os fragmentos, mas elas tendem a ocorrer em maior número nos fragmentos maiores. Cada fragmento apresenta uma pequena porcentagem do total de espécies da formação, o que indica que, para conservar a diversidade de espécies, todos os fragmentos são importantes. Em geral, predominam nos fragmentos as espécies secundárias iniciais e zoocóricas, com uma tendência de aumentar a proporção de espécies pioneiras e anemocóricas com o aumento das perturbações antrópicas. A maioria dos fragmentos são pequenos e isolados. A análise do componente principal (PCA) mostrou que a área e a área core, fator de forma e dimensão fractal, e os índices de proximidade e similaridade são, respectivamente, os principais fatores atuantes nos três primeiros eixos. A área e a área core apresentaram correlação significativa e positiva com a riqueza de espécies nas Matas Mesófilas e Decíduas. A forma e o isolamento não apresentaram correlação com a riqueza de espécies. Considerando fatores biológicos (riqueza de espécies e proporção de espécies com ocorrência rara) e abióticos (área do fragmento, proporção de área core e índice de similaridade), foi construído o Valor de Conservação (VC), que permite hierarquizar os fragmentos de acordo com sua importância para conservação. A análise conjunta do resultado deste índice e a distribuição espacial dos fragmentos indica que há duas situações que merecem atenção: 1) muitos fragmentos com elevado valor de conservação situam-se em área de expansão urbana e, portanto, expostos a maior pressão antrópica; 2) há uma concentração de fragmentos grandes e próximos entre si, que apresentam elevado VC, na região sul do município, ao longo do ribeirão da Onça, que incluem matas mesófilas, matas paludícolas e cerrado. Em ambos os casos, é sugerida a criação de Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APA), para potencializar as ações de conservação destas áreas.
In a search to establish a solid base for conservation of forest fragments in Ribeirão Preto, SP, a diagnosis of the natural vegetation of the municipality was done. There are 102 forest remnants and in 99 of them an expeditious floristic survey was carried out. In this survey, 494 tree species were found belonging to 74 botanic families along with 31 exotic species. Based on the species composition of each fragment, a Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was conducted using the soil class where the fragment is found as categorical variable. This analysis indicates the existence of four vegetation groups: mesophytic forests, deciduous forests, swampy forests and cerrado, that occur respectively in purple latosol, lithosol, hydromorphic soil and dark red latossol or yellow red latossol. Each group presents its own floristic composition and typical vegetation physiognomy. The richness of species found in each fragment was from 13 to 134 species. There is a very large number of species that are very difficult to find - 275 species (52,38%) that occur in less than 5% of the fragments and 9 species (1,71%) occur in more than 50% of the remnants. There are species with rare occurrences in all fragments, but they tend to occur in larger number in the bigger ones. Each fragment presents a small percentage of the total of species, which indicates that to preserve the species diversity all the fragments are important. Generally, the initial secondary and animal dispersed species predominate in the fragments with the tendency to increase the proportion of the pioneer and wind dispersed species with the increase of the human disturbance. The majority of the fragments are small and isolated. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that the area and the core area, shape factor and fractal dimension, and the proximity index and similarity are, respectively, the main factors acting on the first three axes. The area and the core area showed significant and positively correlated with the species richness in the mesophytic and deciduous forests. The shape and the isolation did not show correlation with the species richness. Considering the biological factors (richness and proportion of species with rare occurrence) and spatial patterns (fragment area, core area proportion and similarity index), the conservation value (VC) was built, which allows us to set a hierarchy of the fragments according to their importance to conservation. The joint analysis of the result of this index and the fragments spatial distribution indicates that there are two situations that deserve attention: 1) many fragments with high conservation value are located in the urban expansion area and therefore exposed to a bigger human disturbance; 2) There is a concentration of large fragments, which are close to each other, that show a high VC in the southern region of the municipality, along the Onça creek, that includes mesophytic forests,swampy forests and cerrado. In both cases the creation of Environmental Protection Areas (APA) are suggested in order to enhance the conservation actions in these areas.
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Henschel, Christopher Paul. "Comparing species-area curves from contiguous forest and forest fragments, a rigorous test for faunal collapse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ27508.pdf.

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Jaramillo, Margarita Maria Almanza. "Estrutura, biomassa arbórea e composição florística de ilhas de mata da savana de Roraima, norte da Amazônia brasileira." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2015. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=277.

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Ecossistemas florestais dispersos em matrizes de savana da Amazônia vêm sofrendo vários tipos de impactos antropogênicos, em especial fogo recorrente e extração seletiva. O estoque de carbono na biomassa destes sistemas e a sua contribuição como mitigador dos impactos gerados pelo aquecimento global são pobremente conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a biomassa arbórea viva acima do solo em ilhas de mata (fragmentos florestais) antropizadas da savana de Roraima, norte da Amazônia Brasileira. Foram avaliados os seguintes fatores: dimensão do fragmento, estrutura florestal (tomando como base a posição no gradiente: borda e interior) e as características físicas e químicas do solo. Foi realizado um inventário florestal em 12 ilhas de mata escolhidas aletoriamente, levando em consideração três categorias dimensionais (k = 3): ilhas grandes (20-60 ha), médias (10-20 ha) e pequenas (< 10 ha). Em cada categoria foram estudadas quatro ilhas (n = 4) e, em cada ilha foram estabelecidas subparcelas (76 no total). Todos os indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 10 cm foram inventariados. A altura total de cada indivíduo foi estimada visualmente. O cálculo da biomassa arbórea viva acima do solo (AGB) para todos os indivíduos inventariados foi realizado pelo método indireto a partir de uma equação alométrica. Foram observados 1087 indivíduos de 112 espécies arbóreas (incluindo morfoespécies) pertencentes a 29 famílias botânicas. Pouteria surumuensis Baehni (Sapotaceae) foi a espécie mais abundante em todas as categorias dimensionais. Ilhas de maior dimensão possuem maior abundância de espécies de crescimento tardio e clímax, enquanto espécies pioneiras predominam em ilhas de menor dimensão. A biomassa arbórea não diferiu entre a borda e o interior dos fragmentos, independente da dimensão. Contudo, a biomassa arbórea para fragmentos grandes (469,9 Mg ha-1), médios (357,1 Mg ha-1) e pequenos (206,4 Mg ha-1) diferiu significativamente (ANOVA; Tukey0,05), indicando que fragmentos maiores possuem maior AGB. A biomassa arbórea viva não apresentou relação com as características físicas e químicas do solo. A conclusão deste estudo é que biomassa arbórea viva acima do solo das ilhas de mata da savana de Roraima varia em função da dimensão do fragmento, mas independe da posição no gradiente (borda interior), não indicando relação significativa com estrutura física ou fertilidade do solo.
Forest ecosystems dispersed in matrices of Amazonian savannas have been suffering many types of anthropogenic impacts, in particular recurrent fire and selective logging. The carbon stock in the biomass of these systems and its contribution to mitigation of impacts generated by global warming are poorly known. The aim of this study was to estimate the living above ground biomass in anthropized forest islands (forest fragments) in the Savanna of Roraima, Northern Brazilian Amazon. Environmental factors were evaluated: the fragment dimension, forest structure (based on the position in the gradient: edge and interior) and the physical and chemical soil characteristics. A forest inventory was carried out in 12 forest fragments randomly chosen, taking into account three-dimensional categories (k = 3): large islands (20-60 ha), medium (10-20 ha) and small (< 10 ha). In each category were studied four fragments (n = 4) and in each fragment subplots were established (76 in total). All individuals with tree diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were inventoried. The total height of each individual was estimated visually. Living above ground biomass was calculated for all individuals inventoried using indirect method (allometric equation). One thousand and eight seven (1087) individuals were observed of 112 tree species (including morphospecies) belonging to 29 botanical families. Pouteria surumuensis Baehni (Sapotaceae) was the most abundant species in all dimensional categories. Forest islands with larger dimensions have higher abundance for both late-growing and climax species, while smaller islands were dominated by pioneer species. The living above ground biomass did not differ between the edge and the interior of fragments regardless of dimension. However, the forest biomass of large (469.9 Mg ha-1), medium (357.1 Mg ha-1) and small (206.4 Mg ha-1) fragments differed significantly (ANOVA; Tukey0.05), indicating that larger fragments have higher living above ground biomass. The living above ground biomass did not present any relationship with the physical and chemical soil characteristics. The conclusion of this study is that living above ground biomass of forest islands in the Savanna of Roraima varies depending on the fragment size, but is independent of the position in the gradient (edge-interior), indicating no significant relationship with the structure or soil fertility.
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Goss, Charles W. "Influence of forest fragments on headwater stream ecosystems in agricultural landscapes." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1387536064.

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Doyle, Annie Lynn. "Effects of Forest Fragmentation and Honeysuckle Invasion on Forest Lepidoptera in Southwest Ohio." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229873847.

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Cardoso, Júnior José Carlos Simão [UNESP]. "Estudo da fauna de Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em paisagem fragmentada na Serra da Forquilha, Jacutinga, região sul de Minas Gerais: diversidade de espécies e uso de habitats." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99568.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Os Euglossini distribuem-se exclusivamente na região neotropical. Os machos são facilmente atraídos por terpenóides e hidrocarbonetos aromáticos sintéticos, análogos àqueles presentes nas fragrâncias florais. Essa técnica tem auxiliado no conhecimento da fauna de diferentes áreas biogeográficas, revelando novas espécies. Nos últimos anos, a preocupação crescente com a perda de biodiversidade em seu sentido mais amplo vem se manifestando entre os pesquisadores que estudam aspectos da biologia e ecologia de abelhas, em grande parte, pelo reconhecimento da forte dependência de espécies de plantas cultivadas e nativas em relação às abelhas para a polinização. A habilidade dos Euglossini de se dispersarem e encontrarem flores isoladas e iscas aromáticas distantes tem levado à sugestão de que as abelhas atraídas para as fragrâncias vem de uma vasta área que pode incluir diferentes habitats. Este trabalho teve por objetivos: (1) Conhecer a composição e a diversidade de espécies, a fenologia e o uso de habitats da comunidade de Euglossini de uma área composta por fragmentos de Mata Atlântica, de diferentes tamanhos, em Jacutinga, Sul de Minas Gerais. (2) Avaliar o padrão de deslocamento das diferentes espécies entre esses fragmentos. Abelhas Euglossini foram coletadas em quatro fragmentos de diferentes tamanhos e diferentes graus de degradação na Serra da Forquilha, município de Jacutinga, MG com auxilio de iscas aromáticas. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, no período de abril de 2007 a março de 2008. Para analisar a similaridade entre as estações, foi utilizado o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson e a Análise Multivariada Conglomerada. A diversidade de espécies foi avaliada por meio dos índices de Shannon – Winner e Índice de Simpson.. Foram coletados 1778 machos de Euglossini, pertencentes a quatro gêneros e dez espécies. As espécies mais...
The orchid bees are distributed exclusively in the Neotropics. The males are easily attracted by terpenoids and aromatic hydrocarbons, synthetic analogs to those found in floral fragrances. This technique has helped in the knowledge of fauna from different biogeographic areas, revealing new species. In recent years, the growing concern over the loss of biodiversity in its broadest sense has manifested itself among researchers who study aspects of biology and ecology of bees in large part by the recognition of the strong dependence of species of cultivated and native plants in relation to bees for pollination. The ability of orchid bees to disperse and find isolated flowers and scented baits far has led to the suggestion that bees attracted to the fragrance comes in a vast area that may include different habitats. This study aimed to: (1) Know the composition and species diversity, phenology and habitat use of community Euglossini an area composed of Atlantic forest fragments of different sizes, Jacutinga, South of Minas Gerais. (2) To assess the pattern of displacement of various species between these fragments. Euglossini were collected in four fragments of different sizes and different degrees of degradation in Mountain Fork, City of Jacutinga, MG aromatic with the aid of bait. Samples were collected monthly between April 2007 and March 2008. To analyze the similarity between the stations, we used the correlation coefficient of Pearson and Multivariate Analysis Conglomerate. Species diversity was assessed by the Shannon - Winner and Simpson index. We collected 1778 male orchid bees, belonging to four genera and ten species. The most abundant species were Eulaema nigrita, Euglossa annectans, Eufriesea violacea and Euglossa truncata. Eucalyptol was more efficient scented bait attracting 49.6% of males of all ten species. The largest number of males was collected in hot and humid season... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Forest fragments"

1

Mauriès, Patrick. Fragments d'une forêt. [Paris]: La Différence, 1990.

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Para além dos domínios da mata: As estratégias de preservação de fragmentos florestais no Brasil (Santa Genebra, Campinas, SP). São Paulo: Annablume, 2007.

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Hubin, Christian. La forêt en fragments. [Paris]: J. Corti, 1987.

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Rochelle, James Arthur. Forest fragmentation: Wildlife and management implications : conference summary. [Portland, Or: Oregon Forest Resources Institute, 1998.

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Ditt, Eduardo Humberto. Fragmentos florestais no Pontal do Paranapanema. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, 2002.

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Pikacha, Patrick. Biodiversity of the Crater Area & surrounding mountain forests, Kolombangara Island. [Melanesia: WWF Melanesia], 2010.

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Hann, Wendel. Disturbance departure and fragmentation of natural systems in the interior Columbia basin. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2003.

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Lindenmayer, David. Seeing the forest and the trees: Lessons on forest fragmentation, ecology, conservation, and plantation management from the Tumut fragmentation study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Nee, Michael. Flora preliminar do Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais (PDBFF). Manaus: New York Botanical Garden e INPA/Smithsonian Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, 1995.

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Large-scale landscape experiments: Lessons from Tumut. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Forest fragments"

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Chiarello, Adriano G. "Primates of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: The Influence of Forest Fragmentation on Survival." In Primates in Fragments, 99–121. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3770-7_8.

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Bentrup, Gary, Mike Dosskey, Gary Wells, and Michele Schoeneberger. "Connecting Landscape Fragments Through Riparian Zones." In Forest Landscape Restoration, 93–109. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5326-6_5.

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Roulier, Frédéric, Emilie Gallet-Moron, and Guillaume Decocq. "Cognitive Mapping of Forest Fragments." In Geobotany Studies, 177–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74950-7_9.

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Gilbert, Kellen A. "Primates and Fragmentation of the Amazon Forest." In Primates in Fragments, 145–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3770-7_10.

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Wekesa, Chemuku, Leila Ndalilo, and Carolyne Manya. "Reconciling Community Livelihood Needs and Biodiversity Conservation in Taita Hills Forests for Improved Livelihoods and Transformational Management of the Landscape." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 17–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_2.

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AbstractThe fragmented forests of Taita Hills form an exceptional multi-functional socio-ecological production landscape with outstanding diversity of flora and fauna that provide ecosystem goods and services supporting human wellbeing and livelihood systems. However, these forests are threatened by illegal logging for wood products and encroachment for crop farming. A study was conducted in villages surrounding five forest fragments to establish the conservation programmes responsible for keeping these forests intact for provision of goods and services to the local communities. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 250 respondents in 25 villages surrounding the five forest fragments. Twenty-five focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with key informants actively involved in conservation activities. Results showed that the Taita community conserves the forest fragments through management practices that integrate livelihood needs in conservation, such as butterfly farming, bee-keeping and ecotourism. Additionally, community tree nurseries have been established to produce seedlings for restoring degraded areas, and agroforestry belts have been established on the forests’ edges to provide wood products and protect the forests from encroachment. Likewise, village committees have been established to oversee conservation activities inside the village jurisdictional area. The integrated conservation and livelihood approach has reduced forest destruction, enhanced landscape connectivity for biodiversity conservation, increased incomes, enhanced capacity of the community to adapt to climate change, improved food security, enhanced carbon storage, strengthened traditional knowledge and practices, and ensured availability of clean water for the local population.
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Boyle, Sarah A., Bryan B. Lenz, Kellen A. Gilbert, Wilson R. Sprionello, Marcela Santamaría Gómez, Eleonore Z. F. Setz, Alaercio Marajó dos Reis, Osmaildo Ferreira da Silva, Alexine Keuroghlian, and Flávia Pinto. "Primates of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project: A History." In Primates in Fragments, 57–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8839-2_5.

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Williams-Guillén, Kimberly, Suzanne Hagell, Sarah Otterstrom, Stephanie Spehar, and Claudia Gómez. "Primate Populations in Fragmented Tropical Dry Forest Landscapes in Southwestern Nicaragua." In Primates in Fragments, 105–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8839-2_8.

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Chapman, Colin A., Michael J. Lawes, Lisa Naughton-Treves, and Thomas Gillespie. "Primate Survival in Community-Owned Forest Fragments: Are Metapopulation Models Useful Amidst Intensive use?" In Primates in Fragments, 63–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3770-7_6.

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Rodriguez-Toledo, Erika M., Salvador Mandujano, and Francisco García-Orduña. "Relationships between Forest Fragments and Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana) in Southern Veracruz, Mexico." In Primates in Fragments, 79–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3770-7_7.

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Wallace, Robert B., Jesus Martinez, Heidy Lopez-Strauss, Julia Barreta, Ariel Reinaga, and Lesly Lopez. "Conservation Challenges Facing Two Threatened Endemic Titi Monkeys in a Naturally Fragmented Bolivian Forest." In Primates in Fragments, 495–503. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8839-2_33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Forest fragments"

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LONGO, REGINA MÁRICIA, ALESSANDRA LEITE DA SILVA, SUELI DO CARMO BETTINE, ANTONIO CARLOS DEMAMBORO, ADRIANO BRESSANE, FELIPE HASHIMOTO FENGLER, and ADMILSON ÍRIO RIBEIRO. "ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS IN FOREST FRAGMENTS FROM URBAN WATERSHEDS." In ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eid180111.

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Tóthmérész, Béla, Tibor Magura, Viktor Ködöböcz, and Gabor Lövei. "Species richness patterns of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in forest fragments." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107385.

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Long, Lawrence C. "Urban forest fragments: Potential refugia to mitigate the effects of urban warming." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112059.

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Serrote, Caetano, Lia Reiniger, and Leonardo Costa. "Simulating the gene flow pattern in Cabralea canjerana fragments in Atlantic Forest, for genetic conservation." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107056.

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Atroshenko, Yu K., N. P. Kopylov, and I. R. Khasanov. "Experimental studies of water fragments entrainment from the zone of localization of combustion and pyrolysis of forest fuel materials by air flow." In INTERNATIONAL YOUTH SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN THE THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENERGY EQUIPMENT” (HMTTSC 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5120644.

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Antonov, D. V., Yu K. Atroshenko, N. P. Kopylov, and I. R. Khasanov. "Numerical simulation of entrainment of water fragments from the zone of localization of combustion and pyrolysis of forest fuel materials by air flow." In INTERNATIONAL YOUTH SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN THE THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENERGY EQUIPMENT” (HMTTSC 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5120640.

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Oya, Juliano K. M., and Bruno W. P. Hoelz. "Classificação de Fragmentos de Arquivos com Técnica de Aprendizagem de Máquina baseada em Árvores de Decisão." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Segurança da Informação e de Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbseg.2016.19300.

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A classificação de fragmentos de arquivos é um importante problema na computação forense. Este artigo descreve um método flexível para classificar fragmentos de arquivos através de técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina. Foram utilizados arquivos de evidências de casos periciais reais para gerar os fragmentos de treinamento e teste. A partir de um total de 12.153 arquivos de evidências, de 21 tipos diferentes, foram gerados e selecionados mais de um milhão fragmentos de tamanhos de 1, 2 e 4 kilobytes. De cada fragmento foram extraídos 45 atributos, os quais foram submetidos a técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina baseadas em árvores de decisão e, como resultado, obteve-se um percentual de acerto médio de 98,78% para classificadores binários e de 86,05% para classificadores multinomiais.
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Alyokhina, A. E., D. S. Rusin, E. V. Dmitriev, and A. N. Safonova. "Neural network texture segmentation of satellite images of woodlands using the U-net model." In Spatial Data Processing for Monitoring of Natural and Anthropogenic Processes 2021. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/sdm.2021.70.49.004.

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With the advent of space equipment that allows obtaining panchromatic images of ultra-high spatial resolution (< 1 m) there was a tendency to develop methods of thematic processing of aerospace images in the direction of joint use of textural and spectral features of the objects under study. In this paper, we consider the problem of classification of forest canopy structures based on textural analysis of multispectral and panchromatic images of Worldview-2. Traditionally, a statistical approach is used to solve this problem, based on the construction of distributions of the common occurrence of gray gradations and the calculation of statistical moments that have significant regression relationships with the structural parameters of stands. An alternative approach to solving the problem of extracting texture features is based on frequency analysis of images. To date, one of the most promising methods of this kind is based on wavelet scattering. In comparison with the traditionally applied approaches based on the Fourier transform, in addition to the characteristic signal frequencies, the wavelet analysis allows us to identify characteristic spatial scales, which is fundamentally important for the textural analysis of spatially inhomogeneous images. This paper uses a more general approach to solving the problem of texture segmentation using the convolutional neural network U-net. This architecture is a sequence of convolution-pooling layers. At the first stage, the sampling of the original image is lowered and the content is captured. At the second stage, the exact localization of the recognized classes is carried out, while the discretization is increased to the original one. The RMSProp optimizer was used to train the network. At the preprocessing stage, the contrast of fragments is increased using the global contrast normalization algorithm. Numerical experiments using expert information have shown that the proposed method allows segmenting the structural classes of the forest canopy with high accuracy.
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Peng, Xiaochang, and Daniel Gildea. "Type-based MCMC for Sampling Tree Fragments from Forests." In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1180.

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Godfrey, Thomas A., and John N. Rossettos. "On a Constitutive Model for Twisted Hybrid Yarns." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1193.

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Abstract A simple micromechanical model is developed for the interactions in a parallel square-stacked mixed array of elastic fibers representing the microstructure of a hybrid yarn undergoing axial extension. The mixed array consists of a small fraction of relatively high-modulus, low-elongation-to-break (LE) fibers dispersed among high-elongation-to-break (HE) fibers. The LE fibers are assumed to break into fragments, and the LE fiber fragments are assumed to slip relative to neighboring fibers in regions near the fragment tips. The fiber array experiences lateral compression arising from the remote tension on the twisted yarn, and frictional forces acting at slipping fiber-to-fiber contact surfaces are assumed to obey Amontons’ Law. Solutions of a dimensionless boundary value problem for deformations in a unit cell of the fiber array are presented. Dimensionless parameters involving the constituent LE and HE fiber properties are identified and their influence on hybrid yarn tensile behavior is illustrated.
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Reports on the topic "Forest fragments"

1

Barbarasch, Bruce. Effects of surrounding land use on plant species composition in urban forest fragments. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6013.

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Wike, L. D. Role of edge effect on small mammal populations in a forest fragment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/757624.

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Donev, Vancho, and Ivanka Tsacheva. Autoinduction of the Expression of the Recombinant Forms of the Three Globular Fragments Constituting gC1q. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.05.09.

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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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Enscore, Susan, Dawn Morrison, Adam Smith, and Sunny Adams. Fort Huachuca ranges : a history and analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42720.

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Fort Huachuca Environmental and Natural Resources Division (ENRD) sent funds to ERDC-CERL to develop a historic context that assists Fort Huachuca personnel in identifying the likely history and provenance of numerous historic range features located across Fort Huachuca's training lands. The historic context will be used by cultural resources personnel to evaluate and manage the resources appropriately. Various historic training range features (e.g., structures, fragments, and items left over from previous activities) are located across the ranges of Fort Huachuca, representing its long and storied history. To help identify and catalog these features, ERDC-CERL conducted a field survey of the training ranges in 2016 in or-der to photograph the historic range features. Forty-one historic range features were identified. Researchers conducted archival research, literature reviews, and image analysis of historic and current maps and photographs to identify the 41 historic range features and place them within a chronological context of Fort Huachuca's training ranges. The report concludes with guidance on how to identify and associate sites and features within the overall historic training range chronology and evaluate them appropriately for significance and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility.
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Carpenter, Forrest. Understanding the Importance of Intermittently Fragmented Stream Habitat for Isolated Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) in the Colville National Forest, Washington. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3295.

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7

Wynia, Katie. The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1085.

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8

Alexander, Serena E., Ahoura Zandiatashbar, and Branka Tatarevic. Fragmented or Aligned Climate Action: Assessing Linkages Between Regional and Local Planning Efforts to Meet Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Targets. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2146.

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Amid the rising climate change concerns, California enacted Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) to tackle transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. SB 375 requires Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to develop a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS), a regional transportation and land use vision plan, to reduce GHG emissions. Meanwhile, a local government can develop a Climate Action Plan (CAP), a non-binding, voluntary plan to reduce GHG emissions that may align with the regional SCS. Recent progress reports indicate California is not making sufficient progress to meet SB 375 emissions reduction targets, which raises important questions: (1) Are the transportation and land use strategies and targets in SCS plans reflected in the local plans to build sustainable communities? (2) Does the alignment of regional and local transportation and land use strategies mitigate GHG emissions through vehicle trip reduction? (3) How different are the effects of independent local action and alignment of local and regional actions on vehicle trip reduction? Through an in-depth content analysis of plans and policies developed by five MPOs and 20 municipalities and a quantitative analysis of the impact of local and regional strategy alignment on vehicle trip reduction over time, this study shows that the patterns of local and regional climate policy are diverse across the state, but poor alignment is not necessarily a sign of limited climate action at the local level. Cities with a long climate-planning history and the capacity to act innovatively can lead regional efforts or adopt their own independent approach. Nonetheless, there are clear patterns of common strategies in local and regional plans, such as active transportation strategies and planning for densification and land use diversity. Well-aligned regional and local level climate-friendly infrastructure appear to have the most significant impact on vehicle-trip reduction, on average a 7% decrease in vehicle trips. Yet, many local-level strategies alone, such as for goods movement, urban forest strategies, parking requirements, and education and outreach programs, are effective in vehicle-trip reduction. A major takeaway from this research is that although local and regional climate policy alignment can be essential for reducing vehicle trips, local action is equally important.
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Kofler, Jakob, Elisabeth Nindl, Dorothea Sturn, and Magdalena Wailzer. Participatory Approaches in Research, Technology and Innovation (RTI) Policy and their Potential Impact. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.518.

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The present article reviews various concepts of participatory science and research and discusses their potential to exhibit impact on the relationship between science and society. Starting with an overview of rationales, concepts and challenges, different forms and intensities of participatory approaches in research and innovation are discussed. We then look at the situation in Austria and sort selected Austrian funding programmes and initiatives into a diagram according to the intensity of participation as well as the social groups involved in each case. Finally, we try to gain more precise indications of the impact of participatory programmes on the relationship between science and society. Many questions remain unanswered, as precise analyses and evaluation results are usually lacking. While different surveys provide insights into society’s level of information on a general level, interest, involvement and attitude towards science and research, approaches for impact assessment are fragmented and remain on the surface. We therefore propose to develop an analytical framework based on existing approaches and to include collaboratively developed indicators in it.
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Wright, Kirsten. Collecting Plant Phenology Data In Imperiled Oregon White Oak Ecosystems: Analysis and Recommendations for Metro. Portland State University, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.64.

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Highly imperiled Oregon white oak ecosystems are a regional conservation priority of numerous organizations, including Oregon Metro, a regional government serving over one million people in the Portland area. Previously dominant systems in the Pacific Northwest, upland prairie and oak woodlands are now experiencing significant threat, with only 2% remaining in the Willamette Valley in small fragments (Hulse et al. 2002). These fragments are of high conservation value because of the rich biodiversity they support, including rare and endemic species, such as Delphinium leucophaeum (Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2020). Since 2010, Metro scientists and volunteers have collected phenology data on approximately 140 species of forbs and graminoids in regional oak prairie and woodlands. Phenology is the study of life-stage events in plants and animals, such as budbreak and senescence in flowering plants, and widely acknowledged as a sensitive indicator of environmental change (Parmesan 2007). Indeed, shifts in plant phenology have been observed over the last few decades as a result of climate change (Parmesan 2006). In oak systems, these changes have profound implications for plant community composition and diversity, as well as trophic interactions and general ecosystem function (Willis 2008). While the original intent of Metro’s phenology data-collection was to track long-term phenology trends, limitations in data collection methods have made such analysis difficult. Rather, these data are currently used to inform seasonal management decisions on Metro properties, such as when to collect seed for propagation and when to spray herbicide to control invasive species. Metro is now interested in fine-tuning their data-collection methods to better capture long-term phenology trends to guide future conservation strategies. Addressing the regional and global conservation issues of our time will require unprecedented collaboration. Phenology data collected on Metro properties is not only an important asset for Metro’s conservation plan, but holds potential to support broader research on a larger scale. As a leader in urban conservation, Metro is poised to make a meaningful scientific contribution by sharing phenology data with regional and national organizations. Data-sharing will benefit the common goal of conservation and create avenues for collaboration with other scientists and conservation practitioners (Rosemartin 2013). In order to support Metro’s ongoing conservation efforts in Oregon white oak systems, I have implemented a three-part master’s project. Part one of the project examines Metro’s previously collected phenology data, providing descriptive statistics and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the methods by which the data were collected. Part two makes recommendations for improving future phenology data-collection methods, and includes recommendations for datasharing with regional and national organizations. Part three is a collection of scientific vouchers documenting key plant species in varying phases of phenology for Metro’s teaching herbarium. The purpose of these vouchers is to provide a visual tool for Metro staff and volunteers who rely on plant identification to carry out aspects of their job in plant conservation. Each component of this project addresses specific aspects of Metro’s conservation program, from day-to-day management concerns to long-term scientific inquiry.
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