Relevant bibliographies by topics / Forest fires Australia, Southern

Academic literature on the topic 'Forest fires Australia, Southern'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Forest fires Australia, Southern"

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Plucinski, M. P., A. L. Sullivan, and W. L. McCaw. "Comparing the performance of daily forest fire danger summary metrics for estimating fire activity in southern Australian forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 10 (2020): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19185.

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Fire danger indices integrate weather and fuel variables to indicate the potential for wildland fires to ignite, spread, resist suppression and cause damage. McArthur’s Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) is applied across much of Australia, with the forecast daily maximum value used to inform fire management planning decisions and issuance of public warnings. Variations in daily maximum FFDI and the hourly changing of FFDI values during the day (including use of different soil moisture deficit indices) were compared against five binary fire activity statistics in six forested areas in southern Australia, with performance assessed using Theil–Sen regression lines fitted to rank percentile curves. Fire activity rates were similar on days with wide and narrow hourly FFDI distributions except in one study area where days with wide distributions experienced more fires. The maximum hourly FFDI metric performed the best of all the metrics tested, though there were no statistically significant differences among any of them. There was also little difference in the performance of metrics determined using alternative calculations and different drought indices. These results suggest that the current use of the forecast hourly maximum FFDI is appropriate and that using alternative methods to determine Drought Factor offers little benefit.
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Hollis, J. J., S. Matthews, W. R. Anderson, M. G. Cruz, and N. D. Burrows. "Behind the flaming zone: Predicting woody fuel consumption in eucalypt forest fires in southern Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 261, no. 11 (June 2011): 2049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.031.

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Russell-Smith, Jeremy, Cameron P. Yates, Peter J. Whitehead, Richard Smith, Ron Craig, Grant E. Allan, Richard Thackway, et al. "Bushfires 'down under': patterns and implications of contemporary Australian landscape burning." International Journal of Wildland Fire 16, no. 4 (2007): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07018.

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Australia is among the most fire-prone of continents. While national fire management policy is focused on irregular and comparatively smaller fires in densely settled southern Australia, this comprehensive assessment of continental-scale fire patterning (1997–2005) derived from ~1 km2 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery shows that fire activity occurs predominantly in the savanna landscapes of monsoonal northern Australia. Statistical models that relate the distribution of large fires to a variety of biophysical variables show that, at the continental scale, rainfall seasonality substantially explains fire patterning. Modelling results, together with data concerning seasonal lightning incidence, implicate the importance of anthropogenic ignition sources, especially in the northern wet–dry tropics and arid Australia, for a substantial component of recurrent fire extent. Contemporary patterns differ markedly from those under Aboriginal occupancy, are causing significant impacts on biodiversity, and, under current patterns of human population distribution, land use, national policy and climate change scenarios, are likely to prevail, if not intensify, for decades to come. Implications of greenhouse gas emissions from savanna burning, especially seasonal emissions of CO2, are poorly understood and contribute to important underestimation of the significance of savanna emissions both in Australian and probably in international greenhouse gas inventories. A significant challenge for Australia is to address annual fire extent in fire-prone Australian savannas.
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Safonova, T. V., N. V. Yagotinceva, O. N. Kolbina, and A. V. Mokryak. "Selection of the Methodology for Predicting the Forest Fires Risks." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 4 (April 2022): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-4-69-74.

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According to the Federal Forestry Agency, the area of forestry on the territory of the Russian Federation covers approximately two-thirds of the entire area of the country - 1.146 billion hectares. In terms of the forest area in the world in the boreal zone, the leader is the Russian Federation. A distinctive feature of such forests is the inaccessibility and extreme susceptibility to fires. The group of countries in the boreal zone also includes Canada, the USA, Norway, Finland, and Sweden, which makes it possible to refer to their research on selecting the optimal model for calculating fire risks. Due to the abnormally hot weather and the lack of precipitation, a significant fire hazard in the number of the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2020 was recorded from April to September (in 2019, even until November). Weather conditions contributed to the emergence of forest fires in the Urals, Far East, Siberian and Southern federal districts. Monitoring and forecasting of fires in the forest area is poorly developed in the Russian Federation, therefore, it is required to select the optimal method using modern achievements of science and technology to minimize the human contact with the force of nature and the girth of a larger area. The purpose of the study is to select the optimal methodology for predicting the risks of forest fires occurrence. Russian, Canadian, American, and Australian fire risk assessment methodology were identified. In the process of the analysis of the functional features of forest fire forecasting models, the models were compared. As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of the considered models, the scope and versatility of application, as well as their functionality are noted. A further mechanism of work is proposed to create an optimal methodology for calculating risks as the result of forest fires in relation to the features of the relief.
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Budd, GM, JR Brotherhood, AL Hendrie, SE Jeffery, FA Beasley, BP Costin, W. Zhien, MM Baker, NP Cheney, and MP Dawson. "Project Aquarius 1. Stress, Strain, and Productivity in Men Suppressing Australian Summer Bushfires With Hand Tools: Background, Objectives, and Methods." International Journal of Wildland Fire 7, no. 2 (1997): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9970069.

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This is the first in a series of 13 papers about the safety and productivity of firefighters suppressing wildland fires ('bushfires' in Australia) with hand tools, with particular emphasis on their physiological and subjective responses and the factors that influence them. The measurements were made during a broader investigation to determine the most intense fire that could be suppressed by hand tools, by bulldozers, and by air tankers. The investigation was carried out during three successive summers in dry eucalypt forests of Western Australia and Victoria. Four crews, each of 7 or 8 male firefighters, were studied while they attempted, for periods of 35-220 minutes, to suppress well-developed experimental bushfires with hand tools, and also while they built fireline in the same way without fire. Additional studies were made under controlled conditions: outdoors in the forest, indoors in field laboratories, and in a climatic chamber in Sydney. Most of the measurements were also made on the scientific observers, who shared the firefighters' environment but performed less strenuous work. All findings were highly consistent over the four crews, three summers, and two States and are thus generally applicable to bushfire suppression with hand tools in southern Australia.
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Hollis, J. J., S. Matthews, R. D. Ottmar, S. J. Prichard, A. Slijepcevic, N. D. Burrows, B. Ward, K. G. Tolhurst, W. R. Anderson, and J. S. Gould. "Testing woody fuel consumption models for application in Australian southern eucalypt forest fires." Forest Ecology and Management 260, no. 6 (August 2010): 948–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.007.

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Barker, James W., and Owen F. Price. "Positive severity feedback between consecutive fires in dry eucalypt forests of southern Australia." Ecosphere 9, no. 3 (March 2018): e02110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2110.

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Williams, JE, RJ Whelan, and AM Gill. "Fire and Environmental Heterogeneity in Southern Temperate Forest Ecosystems: Implications for Management." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 2 (1994): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940125.

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Fire is a natural part of most Australian landscapes and has an important influence on the biological productivity and biotic composition of many ecosystems. Although fire is commonly used as a management tool, the precise nature of the way it may influence productivity and biotic composition is often poorly understood and, as a consequence, its use is controversial. This paper considers the use of fire for the management of ecosystems. Specifically, the influences of fire on environmental heterogeneity and the effects these have on shaping biological productivity and biotic patterns are discussed. Heterogeneity that affects biotic response includes variation in biophysical attributes of landscapes such as topography, fire regimes and the spatial attributes of fire. Examples are used to address the interplay between fires, environmental heterogeneity and biological patterns: (1) the effects of frees on plant resource availability; (2) crown scorch in eucalypt forests; and (3) the effects of spatial variation (patchiness) within a fire on species composition. Heterogeneity should be considered explicitly in management because prescriptions devised elsewhere may not be able to be imported with confidence to all sites and the responses of the biota to fires may differ from available information. Ecological monitoring and research into the ecological effects of heterogeneity are required to provide a predictive understanding of natural systems and provide information to aid decisions about the use of fire as a management tool.
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Cook, Garry D., Adam C. Liedloff, C. P. (Mick) Meyer, Anna E. Richards, and Steven G. Bray. "Standing dead trees contribute significantly to carbon budgets in Australian savannas." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 3 (2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19092.

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Previous estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from Australian savanna fires have incorporated on-ground dead wood but ignored standing dead trees. However, research from eucalypt woodlands in southern Queensland has shown that the two pools of dead wood burn at similar rates. New field data from semiarid savannas across northern Australia confirmed that standing dead trees comprise about four times the mass of on-ground dead wood. Further, the proportion of total woody biomass comprising dead wood increases with decreasing fire frequency and a decreasing proportion of late dry season (August to December) fires. This gives scope for increasing the carbon stock in the dead wood pool with a reduced fire frequency. Following a previously published approach to quantify total dead wood loads in savannas, new and previously collected data on tree stand structures were used across the whole savanna zone to quantify dead wood loads in equilibrium with historic fire regimes. New parameters are presented for calculating dead wood dynamics including dead trees in Australia’s savannas.
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Renkas, Artur, Vasyl Popovych, and Dmytro Rudenko. "Optimization of Fire Station Locations to Increase the Efficiency of Firefighting in Natural Ecosystems." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 78, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.1.25581.

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Wild fires have a catastrophic impact on the environment and lead to people’s deaths. Such fires are relevant in the global context. Many countries declare some of their territories an ecological disaster zone during fires in natural ecosystems (USA, Portugal, Greece, Spain, Italy, Australia). Fires in ecosystems occurred in southern Ukraine in 2007 and in the eastern part of Ukraine in 2021, which destroyed large tracts of pine, as well as homes, buildings and caused human casualties. In the given research, much attention is paid to fire-prevention measures in natural ecosystems. It is proposed to optimize fire stations in the territory of Male Polissya (Ukraine), where frequent grass fires and grassland forest fires occur, since existing fire stations are not able to respond to all fires in the region in a timely manner due to the lack of forces and resources. Optimization of fire station locations was carried out using Voronoi diagrams. This research has a practical aspect, ensuring the protection of human health and life by preventing destructive fires in natural ecosystems through the creation of local safety facilities. On the example of 3 administrative districts of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine, it was established that in order to respond quickly to fires in ecosystems, it is necessary to create 20 additional fire stations, which has been determined by the 20-minute drive method approved by the state authorities. The algorithm proposed in this work can be applied to rural areas in other administrative units, both in Ukraine and other countries. The next step in the development of this technique is to determine the required amount of equipment and human resources for firefighting in ecosystems taking into account the projected dynamics of fires and the time required for the delivery of fire extinguishers to epicenters of these events.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forest fires Australia, Southern"

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Candy, Katherine. "Mapping fire affected areas in northern Western Australia - towards an automatic approach." Thesis, Candy, Katherine (2004) Mapping fire affected areas in northern Western Australia - towards an automatic approach. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/500/.

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Wildfires across northern Australia are a growing problem with more than 2.5 million hectares being burnt each year. Accordingly, remote sensing has been used as a tool to routinely monitor and map fire histories. In northern Western Australia, the Department of Land Information Satellite Remote Sensing Services (DLI SRSS) has been responsible for providing and interpreting NOAA-AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data. SRSS staff utilise this data to automatically map hotspots on a daily basis, and manually map fire affected areas (FAA) every nine days. This information is then passed on to land managers to enhance their ability to manage the effects of fire and assess its impact over time. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for the near real-time automatic mapping of FAA in the Kimberley and Pilbara as an alternative to the currently used semimanual approach. Daily measures of temperature, surface reflectance and vegetation indices from twenty nine NOAA-16 (2001) passes were investigated. It was firstly necessary to apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections to the raw reflectance data to account for the variation caused by changing viewing and illumination geometry over a cycle. Findings from the four case studies indicate that case studies 1 and 2 exhibited a typical fire response (visible and near-infrared channels and vegetation indices decreased), whereas 3 and 4 displayed an atypical response (visible channel increased while the near-infrared channel and vegetation indices decreased). Alternative vegetation indices such as GEMI, GEMI3 and VI3 outperformed NDVI in some cases. Likewise atmospheric and BRDF corrected NDVI provided better performance in separating burnt and unburnt classes. The difficulties in quantifying FAA due to temporal and spatial variation result from numerous factors including vegetation type, fire intensity, rate of ash and charcoal dispersal due to wind and rain, background soil influence and rate of revegetation. In this study two different spectral responses were recorded, indicating the need to set at least two sets of thresholds in an automated or semi-automated classification algorithm. It also highlighted the necessity of atmospheric and BRDF corrections. It is therefore recommended that future research apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections at the pre-processing stage prior to analysis when utilising a temporal series of NOAAAVHRR data. Secondly, it is necessary to investigate additional FAA within the four biogeographic regions to enable thresholds to be set in order to develop an algorithm. This algorithm must take into account the variation in a fire's spectral response which may result from fire intensity, vegetation type, background soil influence or climatic factors.
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Candy, Katherine. "Mapping fire affected areas in northern Western Australia - towards an automatic approach." Candy, Katherine (2004) Mapping fire affected areas in northern Western Australia - towards an automatic approach. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/500/.

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Wildfires across northern Australia are a growing problem with more than 2.5 million hectares being burnt each year. Accordingly, remote sensing has been used as a tool to routinely monitor and map fire histories. In northern Western Australia, the Department of Land Information Satellite Remote Sensing Services (DLI SRSS) has been responsible for providing and interpreting NOAA-AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data. SRSS staff utilise this data to automatically map hotspots on a daily basis, and manually map fire affected areas (FAA) every nine days. This information is then passed on to land managers to enhance their ability to manage the effects of fire and assess its impact over time. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for the near real-time automatic mapping of FAA in the Kimberley and Pilbara as an alternative to the currently used semimanual approach. Daily measures of temperature, surface reflectance and vegetation indices from twenty nine NOAA-16 (2001) passes were investigated. It was firstly necessary to apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections to the raw reflectance data to account for the variation caused by changing viewing and illumination geometry over a cycle. Findings from the four case studies indicate that case studies 1 and 2 exhibited a typical fire response (visible and near-infrared channels and vegetation indices decreased), whereas 3 and 4 displayed an atypical response (visible channel increased while the near-infrared channel and vegetation indices decreased). Alternative vegetation indices such as GEMI, GEMI3 and VI3 outperformed NDVI in some cases. Likewise atmospheric and BRDF corrected NDVI provided better performance in separating burnt and unburnt classes. The difficulties in quantifying FAA due to temporal and spatial variation result from numerous factors including vegetation type, fire intensity, rate of ash and charcoal dispersal due to wind and rain, background soil influence and rate of revegetation. In this study two different spectral responses were recorded, indicating the need to set at least two sets of thresholds in an automated or semi-automated classification algorithm. It also highlighted the necessity of atmospheric and BRDF corrections. It is therefore recommended that future research apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections at the pre-processing stage prior to analysis when utilising a temporal series of NOAAAVHRR data. Secondly, it is necessary to investigate additional FAA within the four biogeographic regions to enable thresholds to be set in order to develop an algorithm. This algorithm must take into account the variation in a fire's spectral response which may result from fire intensity, vegetation type, background soil influence or climatic factors.
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Finlay, Christine School of Sociology &amp Anthropology UNSW. "Smokescreen : black/white/male/female bravery and southeast Australian bushfires." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology and Anthropology, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23006.

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Black/white/male/female struggles over knowledge correctness and who is brave are examined inductively in the field of bushfires. The paradoxes of a white male icon are linked to contradictions in gender theories in disaster. In mainstream literature, assumptions of innate white male superiority in bravery justify white women???s diminution and white male domination. In feminist theory, women???s diminution is the problem and their bravery for struggling against hegemony applauded. Philosophies of bravery are explored in 104 semistructured interviews and 12 months??? fieldwork as a volunteer bushfirefighter. There is great variety in the ways volunteers cope with bushfires. However, evidence of white male hegemony emerges when volunteers complain of state and territory indifference to preventing property and environmental damage and injury and death. Evidence is examined that Indigenous Australians once managed bushfires better than a sprawl of bureaucracy. Bushfire service claims that Aborigines knew nothing about hazard reductions are contradicted. This debate over bushfire management leads to the discovery of a third epistemology breaking with claims of white male iconic bravery and bureaucratic mastery. To generalise about the habitus of claims to knowledge and bravery, I analyse Newcastle Herald articles from 1881-1981. Three competing knowledge fields and their associated struggles are examined; Indigenous Australians and white womens??? emancipatory struggles confront data on bushfirefighting. Bushfires emerge as a serious problem, a bureaucratic power base and a white male icon from the 1920s.
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Shrestha, Hari Ram. "Post-fire recovery of carbon and nitrogen in sub-alpine soils of South-eastern Australia /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/6963.

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The forests of south-eastern Australia, having evolved in one of the most fire-prone environments in the world, are characterized by many adaptations to recovery following burning. Thus forest ecosystems are characterized by rapid regenerative capacity, from either seed or re-sprouting, and mechanisms to recover nutrients volatilized, including an abundance of N2 fixing plants in natural assemblages. Soil physical, chemical and biological properties are directly altered during fire due to heating and oxidation of soil organic matter, and after fire due to changes in heat, light and moisture inputs. In natural ecosystems, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) lost from soil due to fires are recovered through photosynthesis and biological N2 fixation (BNF) by regenerating vegetation and soil microbes.
This study investigated post-fire recovery of soil C and N in four structurally different sub-alpine plant communities (grassland, heathland, Snowgum and Alpine ash) of south-eastern Australia which were extensively burnt by landscape-scale fires in 2003. The amount and isotopic concentration of C and N in soils to a depth of 20 cm from Alpine ash forest were assessed five years after fire in 2008 and results were integrated with measurements taken immediately prior to burning (2002) and annually afterwards.
Because the historical data set, comprised of three soil samplings over the years 2002 to 2005, consisted of soil total C and N values which were determined as an adjunct to 13C and 15N isotopic studies, it was necessary to establish the accuracy of these IRMS-derived measurements prior to further analysis of the dataset. Two well-established and robust methods for determining soil C (total C by LECO and oxidizable C by the Walkley-Black method) were compared with the IRMS total C measurement in a one-off sampling to establish equivalence prior to assembling a time-course change in soil C from immediately pre-fire to five years post-fire. The LECO and IRMS dry combustion measurements were essentially the same (r2 >0.99), while soil oxidizable C recovery by the Walkley-Black method (wet digestion) was 68% compared to the LECO/IRMS measurements of total C. Thus the total C measurement derived from the much smaller sample size (approximately 15 mg) combusted during IRMS are equivalent to LECO measurement which require about 150 mg of sample.
Both total C and N in the soil of Alpine ash forests were significantly higher than soils from Snowgum, heathland and grassland communities. The ratio of soil NH4+ to NO3- concentration was greater for Alpine ash forest and Snow gum woodland but both N-fractions were similar for heathland and grassland soils. The abundance of soil 15N and 13C was significantly depleted in Alpine ash but both isotopes were enriched in the heathland compared to the other ecosystems. Abundance of both 15N and 13C increased with soil depth.
The natural abundance of 15N and 13C in the foliage of a subset of non-N2 fixing and N2 fixing plants was measured as a guide to estimate BNF inputs. Foliage N concentration was significantly greater in N2 fixers than non-N2 fixers while C content and 13C abundance were similar in both functional groups. Abundance of 15N was depleted in the N2 fixing species but was not significantly different from the non-N2 fixers to confidently calculate BNF inputs based on the 15N abundance in the leaves.
The total C pool in soil (to 20 cm depth) had not yet returned to the pre-fire levels in 2008 and it was estimated that such levels of C would be reached in another 6-7 years (about 12 years after the fire). The C and N of soil organic matter were significantly enriched in 15N and 13C isotopes after fire and had not returned to the pre-fire levels five years after the fire. It is concluded that the soil organic N pool can recover faster than the total C pool after the fire in the Alpine ash forests.
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Petersen, Sheryl M. "Vegetation dynamics and the efficacy of prescribed fires in restoring oak-dominated ecosystems in southern Ohio." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1318087928.

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Mueller, Joshua Robert. "The relative controls on forest fires and fuel source fluctuations in the Holocene deciduous forests of southern Wisconsin, USA." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15679.

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Master of Arts
Department of Geography
Kendra K. McLauchlan
Reconstructing fire regimes and fuel characteristics is an important aspect of understanding past forest ecosystem processes. Fuel sources and disturbance regimes throughout the upper Midwestern United States have been shown to be sensitive to regional climatic variability such as drought periods on millennial timescales. Yet, records documenting the complex connections between disturbance activity and the corresponding fuel source fluctuations in mesic deciduous forests and oak savanna forests in this region are limited. Thus, it has been difficult to provide a framework to evaluate drought conditions on fire activity and the relationships with fuel source fluctuations in this region. Here, I conducted high-resolution charcoal analyses of lake sediments from four sites in southeastern-southcentral Wisconsin (USA) to characterize fire activity and fuel source fluctuation in mesic deciduous forests and prairie-oak savanna over the last 10,000 years. I found that fire regimes across the four study sites have been asynchronous throughout the Holocene, due to site-specific differences that have strongly influenced local fire regimes. I also found that during periods of high fire activity the primary fuels were from arboreal sources, and during periods of low fire activity the primary fuels were from non-arboreal sources. However, fluctuations in fuel sources did not always correspond to changes in vegetation, or changes in fire frequency.
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Goforth, Brett Russell. "Effects of extreme drought and megafires on sky island conifer forests of the Peninsular Ranges, southern California." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957308691&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268852651&clientId=48051.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Growns, Ivor Owen. "Macroinvertebrate community structure in the streams of the southern forest of Western Australia: The influence of seasonality longitudinal gradients." Thesis, Growns, Ivor Owen (1992) Macroinvertebrate community structure in the streams of the southern forest of Western Australia: The influence of seasonality longitudinal gradients. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1992. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51983/.

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The macroinvertebrate fauna of Carey Brook, a 28 km tributary of the Donnelly River (and typical of the streams found in the southern forest region of Western Australia) was sampled at twelve sites between November 1988 and August 1989. The distribution of taxa among invertebrate families was similar to that of jarrah forest streams further north although more dipteran and fewer coleopteran taxa were collected in Carey Brook. Most environmental variables and flow descriptors followed longitudinal gradients, however, seasonality appeared to have the most influence on community structure. The abundance and distribution of most functional feeding groups supported the predictions of the River Continuum Concept (RCC). Categorisation of invertebrates into flow exposure groups and physical descriptors of water movement supported stream hydraulics theory and indicated that elements of both this theory and the RCC could be usefully combined to explain longitudinal changes in macroinvertebrate distributions. The immediate effects of forestry activities on community structure were examined in the headwaters of Carey Brook. The fauna at four sites on an upland stream which ran through a logging coup were compared with the fauna at four nearby undisturbed sites, before and after clearfelling in 1989 and 1990. Taxonomic richness and invertebrate abundance did not appear to be affected greatly by clearfelling, however, the composition of the macroinvertebrate fauna in the affected stream changed in comparison to the undisturbed sites after logging commenced but returned to pre-logging composition after winter and spring rains had ceased. The changes in the composition of the fauna in the disturbed stream were associated with increases in suspended solids. Changes in the macroinvertebrate communities eight years after logging were examined in two sets of paired catchments near Carey Brook. Both paired catchments contained an undisturbed stream and another where clearfelling had been taken to the stream edges. One of the paired catchments also contained a third stream where a 100 m wide riparian buffer zone had been retained during clearfelling. Differences in taxonomic richness and abundance of invertebrates between undisturbed and clearfelled streams were obscured by differences between sites within each stream. However, differences in community composition were observed in both catchments and these were associated with differences in conductivity, the amount of benthic organic material and total nitrogen. The 100 m wide buffer appeared to be effective in ameliorating long term disturbance due to clearfelling. The nature of the invertebrate community structure of the fauna in the streams of the southern forest region of Western Australia are discussed in relation to the longitudinal and seasonal distribution of taxa and the results of both immediate and long term effects of forestry activity on the macroinvertebrate fauna. The fauna appears to be individualistically arranged with both equilibrial and non-equilibrial attributes. Management implications of this study for future forestry activities are also discussed, particularly the importance of protecting the fauna and integrity of first order streams and others from forestry activities with riparian buffer strips.
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De, Vos Johanna B. M. "Respiratory health effects of occupational exposure to bushfire smoke in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0001.

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Bushfires are an integral part of the Australian environment, and consequently Australian fire fighters are regularly confronted with the challenge of bushfire fighting activities. Bushfires can be extensive and long-lasting, and as a result fire fighters can be exposed to bushfire smoke for long periods without respite. Anecdotal evidence suggests that bushfire smoke exposure can lead to respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. In an optimal environment, fire fighters are equipped with respirators and protective filters to prevent the inhalation of the air toxics in bushfire smoke. Yet, reports from the fire ground indicate that the protective filters are not effective in preventing the inhalation of bushfire smoke. As a result, fire fighters have increasingly expressed concern about the ineffective equipment and the resultant respiratory symptoms during and after bushfire fighting. This research aims to establish a scientific data base to support the anecdotal evidence. The objectives of the research were: (1) to identify and quantify the air toxics in Western Australian bushfire smoke; (2) to profile the acute respiratory health effects associated with bushfire smoke exposure; (3) to assess the effectiveness of three different types of filters under controlled conditions in a smoke chamber, and in the field during fuel reduction burn-off; (4) to formulate recommendations for reducing fire fighters' exposure to bushfire smoke; and (5) to inform policy decision makers about the most effective form of respiratory protective equipment for bushfire fighting. Exposure trials were conducted in an experimental setting utilising bushfire smoke conditions in a smoke chamber and during prescribed burn-offs. Repeated measurements of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function and oximetry were undertaken before and after bushfire smoke exposure. In addition, personal air sampling inside the respirators was undertaken to quantify and compare the levels of filtered air toxics. The analysis of the collected data demonstrated that, of those compared, the particulate/organic vapour formaldehyde filter was most effective in protecting fire fighters' respiratory health during the smoke exposure period of maximally 120 minutes. Further research would be useful to determine the v effectiveness of the filters under more realistic conditions during bushfire fighting activities. The findings of this research have resulted in a policy review in Western Australia. In 2006, the Fire and Emergency Services Authority of Western Australia (FESA) reviewed its Bush Fire Smoke Exposure Standard Operational Procedures 51, and now issues the recommended particulate/organic vapour/formaldehyde filters to the 1,000 FESA career fire fighters. The use of protective equipment for bushfire fighters is inadequately regulated worldwide and the recommendation implemented by FESA can be seen as proactive and in advance of national and international best practice. In conclusion, this project was instrumental in the translation of public health research into best practice that protects occupational health, without the need for the lengthy process of legislative reform. Fire fighter organisations in other countries with high frequencies of bushfires could learn from this example, and move to review their policies and introduce adequate personal protection for fire fighters.
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Pearce, Debra Marie. "A case study of the wildflower industry, its participants and their perspectives on rural development and change in the South West and Great Southern Regions of Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/404.

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This thesis presents an in-depth review and analysis of the wildflower industry within the South West and Great Southern Regions of Western Australia, within the context of the social, economic and environmental changes occurring in these high amenity rural regions.The thesis draws on questionnaire and interview data, drawn from wildflower growers, native flower and foliage pickers (‘bushpickers’), wholesalers, exporters, tourism business operators and wildflower and tourism industry support officers, to present a thorough analysis of a contemporary (albeit small) rural industry. Multifunctional transition theory is applied to assist in understanding the structure and agency-related influences affecting the reasons why wildflower producers and pickers show limited interest in diversifying into tourism. The use of actor-network analysis supports this multifunctional transition assessment framework.It is argued that the southern wildflower industry comprises a set of individuals representing a multitude of rural ideologies and expressing, at a personal agency level, varied and sometimes dichotomous perspectives in relation to how they, as producers, view productivist and non-productivist objectives in relation to their involvement in the industry.Producer perspectives on tourism development in relation to the wildflower industry are considered, within the context of changing patterns of rural consumption and production in the study area. The thesis argues that the set of actors present in the industry during the study period (2001-2003) perceived very limited wildflower tourism opportunities for themselves, as a result of the political economy structures, local networks and endogenous factors affecting wildflower producer decisionmaking.Furthermore, the study addresses the implications for the wildflower industry of changing societal and environmental values, particularly in relation to changing forest management policies in Western Australia. Decreased access to native forest for flower and foliage harvesting, as part of a broader reassessment of the ecological sustainability of forest management practices, is identified as a potentially significant factor in reducing the volume of Western Australian wildflower exports, and thus the international market presence of product from this State.This work contributes to ongoing theoretical debates on rural change in Australia through its consideration of the structure and agency influences upon producers’ decision-making, in a specific industrial context. The analytical approach adopted contributes to discussion on both the applicability of the concept of multifunctionality in rural Australia and its utility as a framework for assessing rural development trajectories.
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Books on the topic "Forest fires Australia, Southern"

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Attiwill, P. M. (Peter Muecke), ed. Burning issues: Sustainability and management of Australia's southern forests. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, 2011.

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Paul, Collins. Burn: The epic story of bushfire in Australia. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2006.

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Muller, Damon. Using crime prevention to reduce deliberate bushfires in Australia. Canberra, A.C.T: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2009.

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Moreira, Francisco. Post-fire management and restoration of Southern European forests. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011.

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Strelein, G. J. Site classification in the southern jarrah forest of Western Australia. Como, W.A: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management, 1988.

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Collins, Paul. Burn: The epic story of bushfire in Australia with an introduction on the Black Saturday fires. Carlton North, Vic: Scribe Publications, 2009.

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Walker, Gordon Jesse. Six years with a government mule. [Oregon?]: G.J. Walker, 1990.

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Swantek, Pamela J. GIS database development to analyze fire history in Southern Arizona and beyond: An example from Saguaro National Park. Tucson, Ariz: U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, 1999.

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University), Fire in Eastern Oak Forests Conference (3rd 2008 Southern Illinois. Proceedings of the 3rd Fire in Eastern Oak Forests Conference: May 20-22, 2008, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois. Newtown Square, PA: The Service, 2009.

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Fire in Eastern Oak Forests Conference (3rd 2008 Southern Illinois University). Proceedings of the 3rd Fire in Eastern Oak Forests Conference: May 20-22, 2008, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois. Newtown Square, PA: The Service, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Forest fires Australia, Southern"

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Miranda, Ana I., Carlos Borrego, Helena Martins, Vera Martins, Jorge H. Amorim, Joana Valente, and Anabela Carvalho. "Forest Fire Emissions and Air Pollution in Southern Europe." In Earth Observation of Wildland Fires in Mediterranean Ecosystems, 171–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01754-4_12.

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Conedera, Marco, and Willy Tinner. "The Interaction Between Forest Fires and Human Activity in Southern Switzerland." In Advances in Global Change Research, 247–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47959-1_14.

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Venäläinen, Ari, Kimmo Ruosteenoja, Ilari Lehtonen, Mikko Laapas, Olli-Pekka Tikkanen, and Heli Peltola. "Climate Change, Impacts, Adaptation and Risk Management." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 33–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_3.

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AbstractUnder the moderate future greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP4.5), climate model simulations project that the annual mean temperature will increase in Europe by up to 2–3 °C by the middle of this century, compared to the end of the nineteenth century. The temperature increase is projected to be larger in Northern Europe than in Central and Southern Europe. The annual precipitation is projected to decrease in Southern Europe and increase in Northern and Central Europe. The projected changes in temperature and precipitation are expected to be higher in the winter than in the summer months. In Northern Europe, forest growth is generally projected to increase due to warmer and longer growing seasons. In southern Europe in particular, warmer and dryer summers are projected to decrease forest growth. Climate change is expected also to expose forests and forestry to multiple abiotic and biotic risks throughout Europe. The greatest abiotic risks to forests are caused by windstorms, drought, forest fires and extreme snow loading on trees. The warmer climate will also increase biotic risks to forests, such as damage caused by European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreaks in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests and wood decay by Heterobasidion spp. root rot in Norway spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests. Different adaptation and risk management actions may be needed, depending on geographical region and time span, in order to maintain forest resilience, which is also important for climate change mitigation.
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Górriz-Mifsud, Elena, Aitor Ameztegui, Jose Ramón González, and Antoni Trasobares. "Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Spain." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 211–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_13.

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AbstractIn Spain, 55% of land area is covered by forests and other woodlands. Broadleaves occupy a predominant position (56%), followed by conifers (37%) and mixed stands (7%). Forest are distributed among the Atlantic (north-western Iberian rim), Mediterranean (rest of the peninsula including the Balearic Islands) and Macaronesian (Canary Islands) climate zones. Spanish woodlands provide a multiplicity of provisioning ecosystem services, such as, wood, cork, pine nuts, mushrooms and truffles. In terms of habitat services, biodiversity is highly relevant. Cultural services are mainly recreational and tourism, the latter being a crucial economic sector in Spain (including rural and ecotourism). Regulatory services, such as erosion control, water availability, flood and wildfire risk reduction, are of such great importance that related forest zoning and consequent legislation were established already in the eighteenth century. Climate change in Southern Europe is forecast to involve an increase in temperature, reduction in precipitation and increase in aridity. As a result, the risks for natural disturbances are expected to increase. Of these, forest fires usually have the greatest impact on ecosystems in Spain. In 2010–2019, the average annual forest surface area affected by fire was 95,065 ha. The combination of extreme climatic conditions (drought, wind) and the large proportion of unmanaged forests presents a big challenge for the future. Erosion is another relevant risk. In the case of fire, mitigation strategies should combine modification of the land use at the landscape level, in order to generate mosaics that will create barriers to the spread of large fires, along with stand-level prevention measures to either slow the spread of surface fires or, more importantly, impede the possibility of fire crowning or disrupt its spread. Similarly, forest management can play a major role in mitigating the impact of drought on a forest. According to the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) accounting, Spanish forests absorbed 11% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019. Investments in climate-smart forestry provide opportunities for using all the different parts of the Spanish forest-based sector for climate mitigation––forest sinks, the substitution of wood raw materials and products for fossil materials, and the storage of carbon in wood products. Moreover, this approach simultaneously helps to advance the adaptation of the forest to changing climate and to build forest resilience.
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"Forest Fire Probability Prediction Taking Into Account Different Reasons of Anthropogenic Load." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 253–71. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch015.

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This work is devoted to the creation of a probabilistic criterion for forest fire danger to take into account the various causes of anthropogenic load that lead to forest fires. Typical forested areas of the boreal zone are considered: Tomsk region (Russian Federation) and Vancouver Island (Canada). In addition, a description is given of a probabilistic criterion that takes into account the occurrence of a forest fire as a result of deliberate arson. The chapter presents the results of scenario modeling of forest fire danger. It is concluded that it is possible to modernize existing forest fire danger prediction systems in the USA, Canada, Southern Europe, Australia, and the Russian Federation.
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Fiorini, Cesare, Hélder D. Craveiro, Aldina Santiago, Luís Laim, and Luís Simões da Silva. "Microscale fire modelling at the Wildland-Urban Interface." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 689–94. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_105.

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The direct and indirect impacts of Wildland-Urban Interface fires on infrastructures and communities have become more severe in the last few decades, mainly due to the disproportionate growth of urban areas lacking planning and management, the abandonment of rural areas and activities, and climate changes. Many regions of the southern Mediterranean, the United States, Australia, and South America have been severely affected with catastrophic losses. Building codes addressing the problem of WUI fires in the vicinity of the built environment are still scarce, but already with a few good examples, namely the Australian Standard AS 3959-2009, Construction of Buildings in Bushfire Prone Areas. But with the increasing risks, nowadays mainly driven by climate change, it is necessary to develop new approaches and codes for existing and new buildings effectively contributing to enhance the resilience of the built environment and communities in the WUI. Moreover, taking advantage of new and ever-evolving computational tools, the use of a performance-based approach, replacing or complementing prescriptive codes, shows great potential to enable a deeper understanding of the complex fire spread mechanisms from forest fires to urban fires, namely radiant heat, direct flame contact and firebrands. Physics-based modelling enables a better understanding of such phenomena, bearing in mind that up to date no accurate and reliable models for firebrands can be found. In this investigation, a performance-based approach is considered, exploring the capabilities of computational fluid dynamics and the software Fire Dynamics Simulation (FDS) to investigate and quantify WUI fire exposures. This was achieved by considering available experimental data on vegetation burning and developing and calibrating the numerical models using FDS. A Particle Method, based on Lagrangian particles was selected for this investigation, since this model is particularly suitable to simulate surface and raised vegetation fire spread. With this strategy all thermo-physical properties of the fuels must be used as input, ensuring that the fire spread can be computed by the model. Based on the calibrated models for a single tree, a new case study scenario was created (structure exposed to wildfire) and investigated aiming to assess in detail WUI fire exposures under different conditions by varying several parameters, such as wind speed and direction, distance to the structure and elevation of the terrain. Since a performance-based approach was selected and considering the basic principles associated with Fire Safety Engineering (FSE), 3 basic components must be assessed, namely the fire modelling, the thermal analysis in the structure and finally the structural analysis considering temperature increase and degradation of mechanical properties of materials. From the fire modelling investigated in this paper, some attention was devoted to assessing Adiabatic Surface Temperatures in the structure and consequently defining in a simple way to couple CFD field models to Finite Element Models (FEM) that will enable the understanding and development of ignition resistant structures in the WUI.
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Golder, Tarikul Islam. "El-nino and It`s Varied Impacts: A Review." In Modern Approaches in Chemical and Biological Sciences, 112–16. Lincoln University College, Malaysia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/book.2022macbs.013.

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El-Nino is a periodic flow of warm Pacific equatorial waters southward, usually around Christmas time. El-Nino is linked to the Southern Oscillation and it affects the atmosphere, disrupting weather condition of the world. Its disastrous effects have resulted in drought in Australia and Papua New Guinea, a delayed monsoon in South-East Asia leading to massive forest fires choking smog, storms on the Pacific coast of South and Central America, drought in Southern Africa, and threat of flood in Peru and California. Its increasing sensitivity and frequency through the 1980s and 1990s, suggests that El-Nino is affected by an increase of heat trapping greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere. Global Warming could make the El-Nino a permanent feature of world`s weather system. El-Nino and Southern Oscillation largely affect developing countries that are largely depending upon fishery and agriculture for employment, foreign exchange, and food supply. Global warming increases severity and frequency of El-Nino which has great socio-economic impact on these countries.
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Leavesley, Adam, Marta Yebra, Petter Nyman, and Tony Scherl. "Manipulating fire regimes in sensitive ecosystems to adapt to climate change." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 914–20. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_138.

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Fire regimes in Australian temperate forests have changed with the area burnt by bushfires having increased due to changing climate extremes every decade for the past 40 years. The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has been heavily impacted with year-since-last-fire in forests being the shortest of all Australian jurisdictions due to large, intense bushfires during the droughts of 2003 and 2020. The forested landscapes of the ACT are predominantly mountainous and scattered throughout are species and communities which are likely to be disadvantaged by an increase in the frequency of high intensity fire. Examples include alpine bogs, Alpine Ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis) and Mountain Plum Pine (Podocarpus laurencei). Many of these systems were severely burnt in 2003 and 2020. Protection of these species and communities from bushfires is a high priority for conservation, but suppression operations are difficult due to inaccessibility and the danger to firefighters. A potential solution is to use prescribed burning to manipulate fire regimes to reduce risk. In this paper, we describe an approach designed to reduce bushfire risk while optimising land management workloads and total area burnt. The approach has two key components: 1) development of a method for managing landscape bushfire risk in time; and 2) utilisation of landscape flammability mapping to design burn infrastructure to meet ecological objectives. Bushfire risk planning is focused on space, but risk also changes in time with the effects of drought on fuel moisture accumulating and drying over multiple years. This time-scale offers an opportunity to intervene to reduce bushfire risk in fire sensitive ecosystems and influence fire regimes in favour of those ecosystems using prescribed burning. To do this, bushfire planners need to identify ecosystems at risk and develop burns which are to be implemented contingent on agreed climatic triggers. Landscape flammability in mountainous landscapes in southeastern Australia during the autumn prescribed burning season is driven by solar radiation with north faces being drier and much more likely to burn than south faces. This imposes a critical constraint on prescribed burn planning. We analysed conducted an assessment of the feasibility of designing burns to protect alpine bogs, Mountain Plum Pine and Alpine Ash. There appears to be some potential for reducing fuels around alpine bogs and good potential for emhancing protection of Mountain Plum Pine. On the other hand Alpine Ash stands largely occur on southern slopes are do not appear to be easily amenable to fire regime manipulation.
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Tory, Kevin, and Mika Peace. "Pyrocumulonimbus Firepower Threshold: Selected learnings from the ‘Black Summer’ real-time trial." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1755–60. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_271.

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Pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) clouds are difficult to predict and can produce extreme and unexpected wildfire behavior that can be hazardous to fire crews. Many forecasters modify conventional thunderstorm diagnostics to predict pyroCb potential, by adding temperature and moisture increments to represent smoke plume thermodynamics near the expected plume condensation level. An alternative approach is to anticipate the minimum firepower required to generate pyroCb for a given atmospheric environment.This concept, termed the pyroCb firepower threshold (PFT), requires only atmospheric information, removing the need for subjective estimates of the fire contribution. A simple approach to calculating PFT was presented by Tory and Kepert (2021) that incorporates only basic plume-rise physics, and yields an analytic solution for the minimum heat flux required to enter the base of the plume for pyroCb to form. This version takes into consideration the magnitude of any inversion or stable layer the smoke plume must penetrate, the height the smoke plume must rise before sufficiently buoyant cumulus clouds form in the smoke plume, and it incorporates the impact of wind on plume rise via the Briggs plume-rise model. This PFT also offers important insight into plume behavior and pyroCb formation. Many assumptions are made to close the equations and to maximise simplicity. Two of these assumptions are questioned in this paper following the investigation of two deep, moist pyro-convection cases that occurred during ‘Black Summer’ (southern Australia, September 2019—March 2020). The first assumption, consistent with many thunderstorm diagnostics, is that the moist (cloudy) plume is non-entraining, and the second assumption is that the plume is positively buoyant when it saturates and remains buoyant until it rises beyond the -20 ℃ level of the atmosphere. The first assumption underpredicts the fire-power required and the second assumption can overpredict the necessary firepower, since a vigorous plume may have sufficient kinetic energy to penetrate stable layers or capping inversions. Procedures are introduced to address these limitations.
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Miranda, Ana Isabel, Enrico Marchi, Marco Ferretti, and Millán M. Millán. "Chapter 9 Forest Fires and Air Quality Issues in Southern Europe." In Wildland Fires and Air Pollution, 209–31. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-8177(08)00009-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Forest fires Australia, Southern"

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Tran, Bang Nguyen, Mihai A. Tanase, Lauren T. Bennett, and Cristina Aponte. "Are High Severity Fires Increasing in Southern Australia?" In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9324121.

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Pereira, J. F., A. C. Batista, and R. V. Soares. "Correlation analysis and fuel moisture estimation based on FMA and FMA+fire danger indices in aPinus elliottiiplantation in southern Brazil." In FOREST FIRES 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva100011.

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Prihatiningtyas, Wilda, and Zuhda Fitriana. "Environmental Law Enforcement in The Perspective if Indonesia and Australia: Case Study of Forest Fires." In International Conference on Law, Governance and Globalization 2017 (ICLGG 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclgg-17.2018.38.

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Barbosa, Paulo M., Jesus San-Miguel-Ayanz, and Guido Schmuck. "Remote sensing of forest fires in Southern Europe using IRS-WiFS and MODIS data." In International Symposium on Remote Sensing, edited by Manfred Ehlers. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453670.

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Suresh Babu, K. V., and V. S. K. Vanama. "Burn area mapping in Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform: 2019 forest fires in eastern Australia." In 2020 International Conference on Smart Innovations in Design, Environment, Management, Planning and Computing (ICSIDEMPC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsidempc49020.2020.9299625.

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Reyes, Diego, Cristhian Bone, Oswaldo Padilla-Almeida, Paola Anangano, Sisa Guaman, Eduardo Kirby, and Theofilos Toulkeridis. "Use of Multitemporal Indexes in the Identification of Forest Fires - A Case Study of Southern Chile." In 2019 Sixth International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icedeg.2019.8734443.

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Piazza, Mark, Karineh Gregorian, Gillian Robert, Nicolas Svacina, and Lesley Gamble. "Satellite Data Analytics for Natural Disaster Assessment and Application to Pipeline Safety." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78695.

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Understanding where, when, and how conditions are changing along the extent of an energy pipeline system, which can be vast, is a challenging task. The challenge can be even greater when natural disasters1 create a condition where access to affected pipelines, qualified personnel, and equipment is limited. To address these challenges, pipeline operators are working directly with experts in satellite technology to develop innovative applications incorporating the use of satellite technology and analytical processes to improve natural disaster monitoring and response. Through recent experiences following Hurricane Harvey in the Gulf Coast region of the United States in August-September 2017 and the wildfires and mudslides in Southern California that occurred in December 2017 to January 2018, space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data was shown to be a useful tool for wide-area monitoring. Satellite-based SAR imagery has the unique advantage of penetrating through cloud cover and smoke and is capable of providing an early view of the extent of damage in both conditions. Satellite data and continuous improvements to their derived analytical products have resulted in significant benefits for pipeline operators preparing for and responding to the effects of potentially damaging natural processes, including river scour, erosion, avulsion, mudslides, and other threats to pipeline integrity and public safety. SAR change detection algorithms and processes can provide effective results in identifying areas affected by natural disasters that are not readily available by other means. These methods also provide timely information for allocating and directing resources to the most critical locations in support of post-disaster assessment and analysis. SAR satellite data and Amplitude Change Detection (ACD) algorithms provided the basis for confirming where flooding near pipeline infrastructure was most substantial following Hurricane Harvey. In the case of the Southern Californian forest fires and mudslides in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, recent investigations into ACD and Coherence Change Detection (CCD) algorithms showed promising results, providing a detailed view of damaged areas in near-real time. This paper describes the process of collecting, analyzing, and applying satellite data for assessing the impacts of natural disasters on pipeline infrastructure, and the methods applied, consisting primarily of multiple change detection algorithms, that are used to process the large volume of satellite archive images to extract relevant changes. This paper also describes how these tools and products were practically applied to support decisions by pipeline operators to protect and ensure the integrity and safety of pipelines in the affected areas.
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