Academic literature on the topic 'Forest fire, eviction, climate change, economics'

The municipality of Serra, Valencia, located in the Spanish Mediterranean east coast, covers an area of 5,730 hectares, with 95% of this territory lying within the Sierra Calderona Natural Park and 85% being forest. The main axis of the municipality’s economy has been the construction, reducing the primary sector, resulting in uncontrolled growth of forest and deterioration of the landscape. All this has raised forest fire risk to dangerous levels threatening the natural heritage of Serra and the future of the Serra Calderona Natural Park. The study shows how an adequate model of forest biomass management, through energetic use in sustainable public heating systems, can have positive direct effects in the fight against climate change, considering both economics aspects and environmental effects, and its capacity to contribute to the socioeconomic development of agro forestry regions, fixing its habitants and offering a rural development based on the rational use of their natural resources

Abstract Adaptation to climate change as well as the increasing demand for a new approach in post fire socioecological resilience and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in forest management requires a different way of thinking of forest roads planning, in terms of Social-Ecological Systems (SES) Framework. Social-ecological systems are complex, adaptive and emphasize that social and ecological systems are linked through feedback mechanisms, and that both display resilience and complexity. In this frame, it is important to clarify the considerable dynamic elements for the future development of forest roads planning and management that promote natural, socio-economic, and cultural well-being. The main objective of this paper is to identify important new challenges concerning the forest roads planning and management and to propose a conceptual paradigm towards SES in a continuing changing climate, social needs and environmental conditions. Hence, a newly developed concept under the prism of SES forest roads planning, is presented. Eight key performance areas to ensure the forest operations as SES include: (i) nature’s services; (ii) ergonomics; (iii) environmental economics; (iv) quality optimization of products and production based on NBS; (v) the use as evacuation routes; (vi) access to renewable energy sources; (vii) people and society; and (viii) resilience. The conceptual frame of SES provides a close to nature perspective which addresses the ongoing and foreseeable challenges that the global forest ecosystems face, based on harmonized forest operations performance across economic, environmental and social sustainability. In this new concept, we demonstrate how these eight interconnected principles interact to each other and are related to forest operations achieving Nature Based Solutions in forest management and climate change mitigation.

Исследование внутривидовой изменчивости трех функциональных признаков листьев: площади – LA, сухой массы – LDW и удельной площади – SLA показало их взаимообусловленность и зависимость значений признаков от благопритяности условий местообитания и антропогенной нагрузки. Анализ полученных данных исследования показал, что универсальные информационные показатели LA и LDW являются низкими в неблагоприятных и низкопродуктивных местообитаниях и более высокими при изобилии ресурсов в более продуктивных условиях существования. Полученные значения SLA видов растений, произрастающих в сообществах интенсивно эксплуатируемых пастбищ, часто имеют более высокие значения. Возможно, адаптация в условиях постоянного изъятия биомассы на сенокосах и пастбищах идет в первую очередь через сокращение массы листьев при сохранении листовой поверхности. 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Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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Abstract Many Mediterranean-type climates around the world will face increased risks of wildfires as a consequence of climate change. In this study we consider the case of Portugal and estimate the impact of the increasing risk of forest fires on tourism. Using data for 278 municipalities for the 2000–2016 period, we find a considerable negative impact of burned areas on the number of tourist arrivals, both domestic and inbound. We go beyond the traditional impact analysis and provide predictions for 2030 and 2050. The estimated annual costs to the Portuguese economy due to the impact of burned areas in 2030 range between €17.03 and 24.18 million for domestic tourist arrivals and between €18.26 and 38.08 million for inbound ones. In 2050, those costs will increase at least fourfold. These findings underscore the importance of taking the forest fire risks into account when planning local investments.

In 1987 the Forestry Research Advisory Council of Canada (FRACC) proposed an annual Canada-wide survey of research priorities and emerging issues to be presented to the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM). This was accepted as a way to improve research dialogue, coordination and application. The provincial and territorial forestry research advisory committees contributed to the first overview presented to CCFM in October 1989 and published in the December 1989 Forestry Chronicle. This second report is based on material provided by the provincial and territorial advisory groups in early 1990.Forestry research is often long term but priorities do evolve. Twenty three research topics are new in this report. Several were identified as emerging concerns last year. Many of the new items fall under a new heading "FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS" or under "ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS" and highlight the need for socioeconomic studies, predictive models, resource and land use decision methods and concern about climate change. This evolving emphasis reflects the increasing attention forest managers in industry and government are giving to public attitudes on resource and environmental matters. These attitudes are being more forcefully articulated as the sustainable development ethic gains wider acceptance. At the same time, the more traditional concerns of forest managers about protecting, harvesting and regenerating the forest are still prominent in research priorities.Policy and economics matters needing research attention are:• Predictive supply/demand models for timber & non timber values;• Broad socio-economic studies on the implications of new policies;• Economics of private woodlands;• Methods for land use decisions;• Novel tenure and timber sales arrangements.Integrated forest resource management requires research on:• Managing for all values, wildlife, recreation, timber etc.;• Ecosystem functioning;• Decision criteria and information systems.Environmental research priorities include:• The effects of forest management and harvesting on the forest ecosystem;• The forest effects of atmospheric pollution and climate change;• The fate of pesticides applied to the forest;• The reforestation of contaminated sites;• The implications of pesticide residues on planting stock.Forest pest priorities for research are:• Alternatives to chemical control methods;• Improved risk assessment and management methods;• Work on specific pests such as the spruce budworm;• Pests of nurseries and young stands;• Damage appraisal methods;• Spray technology and drift prevention.The many forest fires of 1989 give priority to research on:• Wildfire prediction, detection and control;• Improving and applying integrated fire management systems;• Fire ecology.In silviculture, forest regeneration and tending are high priority with research particularly needed on:• Improving planting stock quality;• Control of competing vegetation;• Tree improvement;• Seed and seed orchard management;• Regenerating hybrid poplars and aspens;• Cost reduction and increased effectiveness;• Improved growth and yield information and site data;• The culture of high quality hardwoods in eastern Canada.Forest products research needs include:• Underutilized hardwoods;• The quality of wood harvested from second growth forests;• Improving the manufacture of pulp, paper and solid wood products;• Devising new higher value products.The major emerging issues likely to affect future priorities centre around:• The increasing public involvement in resource management;• The growing prominence of the sustainable development ethic;• Canada's weak commitment to research and development;• Recycling and its impact on both forest management and products;• The growing commitment to integrated forest resource management.There is also concern that popular environmental matters may skew research priorities away from less glamorous but important topics.The importance of Forest Resource Development Agreements in furthering forestry research is universally recognized as is the importance of their continuation.Research advisory structures are in place in most jurisdictions although in one or two locations progress has not been rapid. Present research programs are considered scientifically and technically sound for the most part. Lack of funding continues to be a matter of serious concern.

As you walk into the current University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, on the second floor of Russell Laboratories, you’ll see it is a far cry from Leopold’s 424 Farm Place, next to the university cow barns. Even so, resting just outside the department’s office door is a handmade Leopold Bench—one of those simply designed pieces with crossed-plank legs holding up a plank seat and back. As the Environmental Protection Agency’s Landscaping site states: “To spy a Leopold bench in someone’s yard is to know something about the family who there resides. … Its form, resting alone under a tree or in congregation around a fire-pit, reminds us of Leopold’s thoughtfulness.” This handmade blond bench, though, is over a half-century old. It was a gift to the Professor from his department—and wood-burned into it are the names of Aldo’s secretaries and graduate students for him to remember them by, and now for us to do the same. The department, of course, has changed radically since Aldo unexpectedly left. It web page displays a photo of Aldo in the upper corner and lists twenty-two faculty members, four of whom are women (which he would have liked). The fields of expertise presented at first seem like Leopold methods and topics on steroids: forest biometry, forest genetics, molecular ecology, forest remote sensing, spatial analysis, modern climate change. Other specialties are perspectives he had already been integrating into his thinking and planning: landscape ecology, forest ecosystem ecology, tree physiology, forest and environmental history, conservation biology, land use/land cover change, hydrology, population dynamics, conservation management extension, resource policy, ecosystem management, society and natural resources. Scanning the expertise of the emeritus and affiliate faculty, you can see even further outgrowths of Leopold’s far-ranging, integrated thinking and imagining: forest pathology, natural resource and land economics, biogeochemistry, international forestry, development planning, recreation management, economic forecasting, forest soils, human behavior and resource management, nutrient and carbon cycling in forest, nursery, and urban ecosystems.