Journal articles on the topic 'Forest conflicts'
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1
Eyvindson, Kyle, Anna Repo, María Triviño, Sari Pynnönen, and Mikko Mönkkönen. "Quantifying and easing conflicting goals between interest groups in natural resource planning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 10 (October 2019): 1233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0026.
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Management of natural resources at the regional level is a compromise between a variety of objectives and interests. At the local level, management of the forests depends upon the ownership structure, with forest owners using their forests as they see fit. A potential conflict occurs if the forest owners’ management decisions are counter to the interests of society in general or the industry that relies on the forest resource as their raw material. We explore the intensity of this conflict at the regional level in several large boreal forest production landscapes. To explore the conflict, we investigate three main interest groups: (i) economically oriented forest owners; (ii) industry groups (focusing on maintaining an even timber supply); and (iii) a group representing general public interests (focusing on enhancing ecosystem services and biodiversity protection). The severity of conflicts differs between interest groups; we found a minor conflict between the economically oriented forest owners and industry and a severe conflict among general public interests and the other groups. By quantifying the conflicts, visualizing the impacts shared among interest groups, we anticipate that through shared discovery and understanding, forests can be managed to lessen the conflicts between interest groups.
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Rabiou, AMADOU CHARIFI, J. FALOLA Afolabi, SALEH B. Momale, and YAMBA Boubacar. "Conflicts and Conflict Resolution over Classified Forests Resources of Maradi Region, Niger Republic." AFRIGIST JOURNAL OF LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2, no. 1 (May 17, 2022): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/ajlaem/v2i1.2.
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Conflict management is a key building block of forest governance; it has received little or no consideration in most of the ongoing governance reforms in the Niger Republic. Understanding and finding the means to deal with conflicts related to the utilization of forest resources became an important research area under the Governance for Sustainable Forests related to the livelihoods programme. The study aims to examine the nature and form of conflicts over Bakabé, Dan Kanda and Kandamo classified forest resources in the Maradi Region. Data were collected through literature review, questionnaires and focus group discussions within villages around classified forests. The method of analysis applied involves descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test). The research identified major types of conflicts as a farmer - farmer, pastoralists - farmers and agro-pastoralists; conflicts between farmers and village chiefs and conflicts between local communities and the forestry departments. There was a significant difference in the frequency of conflicts between seasons around Bakabé and Dan Kada classified forests with χ2-values of 15.53 and 9.20 which are all significant at 0.05 level. There is no significant difference in the frequency of conflicts between seasons in the Kandamo classified forest because the forest is not subjected to cropland contract. The effectiveness of both the traditional and modern mechanisms of protection is generally weak, with huge implications for sustainable development. There is a need for government at all levels to prioritize the management of conflicts over classified forests so that there will be a sustainability of crops and livestock productionConflicts for better livelihoods in the rural communities.
La gestion des conflits est un élément clé de la gouvernance forestière; il n’a reçu que peu ou pas de considération dans la plupart des réformes de gouvernance en cours en République du Niger. Comprendre et trouver les moyens de faire face aux conflits liés à l’utilisation des ressources forestières est devenu un domaine de recherche important dans le cadre du programme Gouvernance pour des forêts durables lié au programme de moyens de subsistance. L’étude vise à examiner la nature et la forme des conflits sur les ressources forestières classées bakabé, Dan Kanda et Kandamo dans la région de Maradi. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen d’une revue de la littérature, de questionnaires et de discussions de groupe dans les villages autour des forêts classées. La méthode d’analyse appliquée implique des statistiques descriptives et inférentielles (test du chi carré). La recherche a identifié les principaux types de conflits comme agriculteur - agriculteur, pasteurs - agriculteurs et agro-pasteurs; conflits entre agriculteurs et chefs de village et conflits entre les communautés locales et les départements forestiers. Il y avait une différence significative dans la fréquence des conflits entre les saisons autour des forêts classées Bakabé et Dan Kada avec des valeurs χ2 de 15,53 et 9,20 qui sont toutes significatives au niveau de 0,05. Il n’y a pas de différence significative dans la fréquence des conflits entre les saisons dans la forêt classée de Kandamo parce que la forêt n’est pas soumise à un contrat de terres cultivées. L’efficacité des mécanismes de protection traditionnels et modernes est généralement faible, avec d’énormes implications sur le développement durable. Il est nécessaire que le gouvernement à tous les niveaux donne la priorité à la gestion des conflits sur les forêts classées afin qu’il y ait une durabilité des cultures et de la productivité du bétail pour de meilleurs moyens de subsistance dans les communautés rurales
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Rabiou, AMADOU CHARIFI, J. FALOLA Afolabi, SALEH B. Momale, and YAMBA Boubacar. "Conflicts and Conflict Resolution over Classified Forests Resources of Maradi Region, Niger Republic." AFRIGIST JOURNAL OF LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2, no. 1 (May 17, 2022): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/ajleam/v2i1.2.
Full textAbstract:
Conflict management is a key building block of forest governance; it has received little or no consideration in most of the ongoing governance reforms in the Niger Republic. Understanding and finding the means to deal with conflicts related to the utilization of forest resources became an important research area under the Governance for Sustainable Forests related to the livelihoods programme. The study aims to examine the nature and form of conflicts over Bakabé, Dan Kanda and Kandamo classified forest resources in the Maradi Region. Data were collected through literature review, questionnaires and focus group discussions within villages around classified forests. The method of analysis applied involves descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test). The research identified major types of conflicts as a farmer - farmer, pastoralists - farmers and agro-pastoralists; conflicts between farmers and village chiefs and conflicts between local communities and the forestry departments. There was a significant difference in the frequency of conflicts between seasons around Bakabé and Dan Kada classified forests with χ2-values of 15.53 and 9.20 which are all significant at 0.05 level. There is no significant difference in the frequency of conflicts between seasons in the Kandamo classified forest because the forest is not subjected to cropland contract. The effectiveness of both the traditional and modern mechanisms of protection is generally weak, with huge implications for sustainable development. There is a need for government at all levels to prioritize the management of conflicts over classified forests so that there will be a sustainability of crops and livestock productionConflicts for better livelihoods in the rural communities.
La gestion des conflits est un élément clé de la gouvernance forestière; il n’a reçu que peu ou pas de considération dans la plupart des réformes de gouvernance en cours en République du Niger. Comprendre et trouver les moyens de faire face aux conflits liés à l’utilisation des ressources forestières est devenu un domaine de recherche important dans le cadre du programme Gouvernance pour des forêts durables lié au programme de moyens de subsistance. L’étude vise à examiner la nature et la forme des conflits sur les ressources forestières classées bakabé, Dan Kanda et Kandamo dans la région de Maradi. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen d’une revue de la littérature, de questionnaires et de discussions de groupe dans les villages autour des forêts classées. La méthode d’analyse appliquée implique des statistiques descriptives et inférentielles (test du chi carré). La recherche a identifié les principaux types de conflits comme agriculteur - agriculteur, pasteurs - agriculteurs et agro-pasteurs; conflits entre agriculteurs et chefs de village et conflits entre les communautés locales et les départements forestiers. Il y avait une différence significative dans la fréquence des conflits entre les saisons autour des forêts classées Bakabé et Dan Kada avec des valeurs χ2 de 15,53 et 9,20 qui sont toutes significatives au niveau de 0,05. Il n’y a pas de différence significative dans la fréquence des conflits entre les saisons dans la forêt classée de Kandamo parce que la forêt n’est pas soumise à un contrat de terres cultivées. L’efficacité des mécanismes de protection traditionnels et modernes est généralement faible, avec d’énormes implications sur le développement durable. Il est nécessaire que le gouvernement à tous les niveaux donne la priorité à la gestion des conflits sur les forêts classées afin qu’il y ait une durabilité des cultures et de la productivité du bétail pour de meilleurs moyens de subsistance dans les communautés rurales
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Fisher, Larry A., Yeon-Su Kim, Sitti Latifah, and Madani Mukarom. "Managing Forest Conflicts: Perspectives of Indonesia’s Forest Management Unit Directors." Forest and Society 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v1i1.772.
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Recent expansion of the forestry and plantation sectors in Indonesia has intensified agrarian and natural resource conflicts, and created increased awareness of the social, economic and environmental impacts of these disputes. Addressing these disputes is a critical issue in advancing Indonesia’s commitment to sustainable forest management. The Forest Management Units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan, or KPH), have become the pivotal structural element for managing all state forests at the local level, with responsibility for conventional forest management and policy implementation (establishing management boundaries, conducting forest inventory, and developing forest management plans), as well as the legal mandate to communicate and work with indigenous people and local communities. This paper presents the results of a national survey of all currently functioning KPH units, the first of its kind ever conducted with KPH leadership, to obtain a system-wide perspective of the KPHs’ role, mandate, and capacity for serving as effective intermediaries in managing forest conflicts in Indonesia. The survey results show that the KPHs are still in a very initial stage of development, and are struggling with a complex and rapidly evolving policy and institutional framework. The most common conflicts noted by respondents included forest encroachment, tenure disputes, boundary conflicts, and illegal logging and land clearing. KPH leadership views conflict resolution as among their primary duties and functions, and underscored the importance of more proactive and collaborative approaches for addressing conflict, many seeing themselves as capable facilitators and mediators. Overall, these results juxtapose a generally constructive view by KPH leadership over their role and responsibility in addressing forest management conflicts, with an extremely challenging social, institutional, and political setting. The KPHs can certainly play an important role as local intermediaries, and in some cases, as facilitative mediators in resolving local conflicts, but only with a more concerted effort from central and provincial government authorities to provide greater consistency in policies and regulations, improved policy communication, and a sustained commitment to strengthening the capacity of individual KPHs.
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Paudel, Naya S., Prabin Bhusal, Paul Thompson, Parvin Sultana, Anukram Adhikary, and Kamal Bhandari. "Transforming Forest Conflicts: Learning from North-South Conflicts over Community Forests in Terai Region of Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 16, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v16i1.22879.
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Continued forest conflicts in Nepal’s Terai have not only undermined sustainable forest management in the region but have also contributed to emerging social unrest that can undermine transition towards new federal Nepal. Using an action research approach involving intensive participatory research methods, this paper shares experiences of current initiatives and their challenges in transforming forest-conflicts between the northern communities and southern communities in the Terai region of Nepal. The action research process helped bring the conflicting communities together, develop a shared understanding through participatory resource assessment and analysis of socio-institutional processes among the conflicting communities, and help devise a widely acceptable benefit sharing arrangement. Consequently, there has been a substantial reduction in conflict through an inclusive and extended governance arrangement. Consideration of traditional use of forests by distant as well as adjacent communities will be helpful to reduce potential heightening of conflicts in the face of policies that emphasises more on protection and restoration of forest as a response to historical trend of deforestation and emerging threats of climate change. Finally, we suggest that enabling policies including further devolution of forest management rights to local communities and adoption of adaptive approach to resource and institutional management can help mitigate northern communities-southern communities’ conflict in Terai.
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Kane, Seth, Ahmad Dhiaulhaq, David Gritten, Lok Mani Sapkota, and Lina Jihadah. "Transforming forest landscape conflicts: the promises and perils of global forest management initiatives such as REDD+." Forest and Society 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v2i1.3203.
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Implementation of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is designed to relieve pressure on tropical forests, however, many are concerned that it is a threat to the rights of forest communities. These potential risks need serious attention as earlier studies have shown that the Asia-Pacific region is a forest conflict hotspot, with many economic, environmental and social implications at global (e.g. climate change) to local levels (e.g. poverty). Drawing on an analysis of nine case studies from four countries (Cambodia, Myanmar, Nepal and Vietnam) this paper examines why and how REDD+ can be a driver for forest conflict and how it also has the potential to simultaneously transform these conflicts. The analytical framework, “sources of impairment”, applied in the study was developed to increase understanding and facilitate the resolution of forest landscape conflicts in a sustainable manner (i.e. transformation). The main findings are that REDD+ can be a source of conflict in the study sites, but also had transformative potential when good practices were followed. For example, in some sites, the REDD+ projects were sources of impairment for forest communities by restricting access to forest resources. However, the research also identified REDD+ projects that enabled the participation of traditionally marginalized groups and built local forest management capacities, leading to strengthened tenure for some forest communities. Similarly, in some countries REDD+ has served as a mechanism to pilot Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), which will likely have significant impacts in mitigating conflicts by addressing the sources at local to national levels. Based on these findings, there are many reasons to be optimistic that REDD+ can address the underlying causes of forest landscape conflicts, especially when linked with other governance initiatives such as Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade – Voluntary Participation Agreements (FLEGT-VPA).
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Alusiola, Rowan Alumasa, Janpeter Schilling, and Paul Klär. "REDD+ Conflict: Understanding the Pathways between Forest Projects and Social Conflict." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060748.
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A growing body of literature analyses the conflict implications of REDD+ (Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries). However, the way these conflicts unfold is little understood. We address this research gap through the following question: What are the pathways that connect REDD+ projects and conflicts between local communities and other actors? We review 242 scientific articles, selecting eight that allow us to trace how the conflict pathways unfolded. We draw on a political ecology perspective and conceptualize ‘conflict pathway’ as an interaction of key events and drivers leading to conflict. We find six main conflict drivers: (1) injustices and restrictions over (full) access and control of forest resources; (2) creation of new forest governance structures that change relationships between stakeholders and the forest; (3) exclusion of community members from comprehensive project participation; (4) high project expectations that are not met; (5) changes in land tenure policy due to migrants, and (6) the aggravation of historic land tenure conflicts. Evictions from forests, acts of violence, and lawsuits are among the events contributing to the conflict pathways. To prevent them, the rights, livelihoods, and benefits of local communities need to be placed at the centre of the REDD+ projects.
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KITHIIA, Shadrack Mulei, and Robert Kipkemoi KOECH. "Impacts of Forest Resource Use Conflicts on Conservation Efforts within Enderit Forest Block in Mau Forest Complex, Kenya." European Journal of Geography 11, no. 3 (December 13, 2020): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.s.kit.11.1.153.163.
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This paper examined the relationship between forest resource use conflicts and conservation, which are contemporary issues in the field of environment conservation. The study was carried out in Enderit forest block, Mau forest Complex. The study findings indicate that the forest block has lost considerable vegetation cover in the recent past due to resource use conflict which in turn attracted conservation efforts from various stakeholders. The identified conflicts not only threaten the sustainability of these efforts but also community livelihoods that depend on this vital resource in the long term. The study therefore sought to establish the types of forest resource use conflicts, identify the stakeholders and their areas of focus and examine how the forest resource conflicts are affecting forest conservation efforts. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. The results indicate that there exist various forms of conflicts within the forest block while various actors are involved in the forest conservation efforts. However, despite the concerted conservation efforts, there existing forest resource use conflicts that frustrate these efforts and slow the implementation of conservation programs. Based on the findings, the study recommends that for sustainable conservation of the forest block, the Government and the stakeholders should put in place policy measures aiming at increasing income and generating off-farm employment activities for the forest adjacent communities. This will reduce forest dependency and consequently enhance biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of the forest resources.
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Ghosh, Susobhan, Pradeep Varakantham, Aniket Bhatkhande, Tamanna Ahmad, Anish Andheria, Wenjun Li, Aparna Taneja, Divy Thakkar, and Milind Tambe. "Facilitating Human-Wildlife Cohabitation through Conflict Prediction." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 12496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21518.
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With increasing world population and expanded use of forests as cohabited regions, interactions and conflicts with wildlife are increasing, leading to large scale loss of lives (animal and human) and livelihoods (economic). While community knowledge is valuable, forest officials and conservation organisations can greatly benefit from predictive analysis of human-wildlife conflict, leading to targeted interventions that can potentially help save lives and livelihoods. However, the problem of prediction is a complex socio-technical problem in the context of limited data in low-resource regions. Identifying the right features to make accurate predictions of conflicts at the required spatial granularity using a sparse conflict training dataset is the key challenge that we address in this paper. Specifically, we do an illustrative case study on human-wildlife conflicts in the Bramhapuri Forest Division in Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India. Most existing work has considered human wildlife conflicts in protected areas and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort at prediction of human-wildlife conflicts in unprotected areas and using those predictions for deploying interventions on the ground.
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McNeely, Jeffrey A. "Conserving forest biodiversity in times of violent conflict." Oryx 37, no. 2 (April 2003): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605303000334.
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Forests are often frontiers, and like all frontiers, they are sites of dynamic social, ecological, political and economic changes. Such dynamism involves constantly changing advantages and disadvantages to different groups of people, which not surprisingly can lead to armed conflict, and all too frequently to war. Many governments have contributed to conflict, however inadvertently, by nationalizing their forests, so that traditional forest inhabitants have been disenfranchised while national governments sell the rights to trees in order to earn foreign exchange. Biodiversity-rich tropical forests in Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Indochina, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Central and West Africa, the Amazon, Colombia, Central America and New Caledonia have all been the sites of armed conflict in recent years, sometimes involving international forces. Forests have sometimes been part of the cause of conflict (as in Myanmar and Sierra Leone) but more often victims of it. Violent conflicts in temperate areas also typically involve forests as shelters for both civilians and combatants, as in the Balkans. While these conflicts have frequently, even invariably, caused negative impacts on biodiversity, peace can be even worse, as it enables forest exploitation to operate with impunity. Because many of the remaining forests are along international borders, international cooperation is required for their conservation. As one response, the concept of international “Peace Parks” is being promoted in many parts of the world as a way of linking biodiversity conservation with national security. The Convention on Biological Diversity, which entered into force at the end of 1993 and now has 187 State Parties, offers a useful framework for such cooperation.
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Harbi, Jun, Yukun Cao, Noril Milantara, Gamin, Ade Brian Mustafa, and Nathan James Roberts. "Understanding People−Forest Relationships: A Key Requirement for Appropriate Forest Governance in South Sumatra, Indonesia." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 7029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137029.
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Indonesian forestry challenges in attributional land-use conflicts of overlapping villages and state forests have affected community livelihoods and forest sustainability for decades. This empirical research uncovers the socio-economic attributes of villages in order to gain a better understanding of people−forest relationships in order to guide improved forest management and governance for long-term sustainability. Data were obtained from 69 villages located in the forest management unit of Lakitan Bukit Cogong in South Sumatra Province. Spatially-explicit quantitative measurements and qualitative approaches were employed to explore the interrelationships between human footprint, village development, and conflict resolution strategies over two decades. The results confirmed that utilization of forest areas as part of the village territory (such as for building settlements, public/social infrastructure facilities, plantations and agricultural fields) has long been administered without permits, destabilizing forest functions. Moreover, aspects such as human population size, proximity of villages to the national road and sub-district capital, and the transmigration settlement units have an impact on the Human Footprint Index and Village Development Index. Furthermore, our analyses identified three distinctive forms of conflict based on village type: (1) villages which are administratively included in the forest area; (2) villages for transmigration settlement; and (3) villages adjacent to company management concession areas. In these villages, the clarity of land/forest boundaries and property rights are predominant conflict issues. Several recommendations are proposed to support sustainable forest development; namely, controlling human activities in the forest, improving village management governance, and resolving associated conflicts.
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Fritzsons, Elenice, and Luis Eduardo Mantovani. "PROTECTION OF RIPARIAN FORESTS AND WATER QUALITY IN A BASIN IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST BIOME." FLORESTA 51, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i2.62957.
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AbstractThe water quality of a drainage basin depends on the vegetation and soil of the region, land use and riparian forests, which act as a filter to protect the watercourse. For three years, we monitored several water quality parameters (turbidity, color, pH, conductivity, dissolved solids, alkalinity, and nitrate and chloride concentrations) in six adjacent microbasins to assess how riparian forests and land use affect water quality. The location is part of the Atlantic forest biome, with high-altitude humid subtropical climate and mixed ombrophilous forests. We designed a land use charter of the basin and a conflict map for fluvial permanent preservation areas. Land use included mainly natural forests, forestry, buildings, agriculture, and pastures. The multiple correlation analyses included: the water quality parameters, conflicts with permanent preservation areas, and land uses in river basins. In 51% of the basin, land uses complied with fluvial PPA legislation, but in 49% we found conflicts with other land use typologies and a lack of riparian forests. The quality of the water changed throughout the seasons and when fluvial PPAs conflicted with agriculture, buildings, and pastures. The different land uses in the basins did not influence the parameters of water quality and the same occurred with precipitation on water quality.
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Deegen, Peter. "Die Allokation der Waldbetretung, ein Beispiel für das Problem gesellschaftlicher Kosten (Essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 163, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2012.0008.
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The allocation of rights of access to forests as an example of the problem of social cost (essay) This paper analyses the allocation of rights of access to forests in Switzerland. The starting point is the fact that free access to forests, such as is seen in Switzerland, is leading to an increase in the use of forests for recreation and subsequent competition with other rights of forest use. A four-stage analysis is implemented in this paper. In the first stage, the well-known farmer-rancher-approach proposed by Coase is applied in order to explain the conflict of use between the two groups, recreational forest users and forest owners. In the second stage, the number of conflicts of use is multiplied by dividing the recreational forest users into subgroups and adding further user groups, such as hunters or nature conservationists. The observed conflicts of use and the solutions with regard to rights of access to forests are very diverse, specific and subject to spatial variability. Since all solutions incur transaction costs, these are the focus of the third stage of the paper. The cost of political and bureaucratic coordination is given special consideration, since this is where Buchanan says the allocation of transaction costs takes on a special dimension, namely, the gradual loss of individual rights, caused by the growth of bureaucracy and politically motivated interests. Thus, the fourth and final stage suggests stronger use of civil law options in solving conflicts of use involving access to forests, since civil law is based on historic and evolutionary rules of just conduct. These rules, in which private and public property is managed by associations, have evolved over a long period of time and are strongly anchored in the common heritage of Swiss society.
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., Zulviany, Isrun ., and Golar . "The Study of Land Conflict of Mining Activities in the Forest Areas in Morowali Regency." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211060.
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This research aims to describe the chronologies of land conflicts of mining activities in the forest (Borrow- to- Use Permit for Forest Area of PT. Mahligai Artha Sejahtera), identify the dominant factors that cause conflict, and provide an overview of conflict resolution efforts. This research was conducted by collecting information from the public, the permit holder, in this case, PT. Mahligai Artha Sejahtera and related parties. This research was a qualitative descriptive method in terms of subject and history study and facts of the field. The data of this research was collected from August to October 2020. Based on the decree of the Minister of Forestry and Plantation No. SK.757 / Kpts-II/ 1999 on September 23, about the designation map of Forest and Territorial Waters in Central Sulawesi Province, the land location of Buleleng communities was an area for other use but in 2013 (No. SK.635 / Menhut-II / 2013 on September 24, 2013) and 2014 (SK.869 / Menhut-II / 2014 on September 29, 2014) turned into Forest Areas. However, PT Mahligai Artha Sejahtera has an approval license, an environmental feasibility license, an Increase Exploration Mining Business to a Production Operation Mining Business License, and a borrow-to-use permit from the local Government and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The function change of the areas in Buleleng village has resulted in conflicts. It is necessary to resolve land disputes by revising the RTRWP/K and establishing forests. Keywords: Conflict, the Function Change of Areas, Land Conflict, Mining Activities, Forest Areas.
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Rout, Naresh. "Tribal Land Conflicts and State Forestry in Odisha: A Historical Study." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12423.
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The history of human existence and civilizations are intertwined with forests and trees. Forests are crucial for the goods and services they provide, which people all over the world depend on. Strategies to enhance the contributions of the world’s forests to social development, livelihoods and poverty eradication are vital at a time when unsustainable practices and economic crises continue to threaten healthy forests and the people who depend upon them. The survival of tribal communities critically depends on land and forest resources. For historical and ecological reasons, most tribal people inhabit the forest and highly inaccessible regions of the state. These communities practise various customary land tenure systems, which have often been modified by state policies and legislation. The clan-based land tenure system was based on customary rights over land, trees and forest. The land use and tenure systems vary from tribe to tribe, as reflected in the practice and terraced cultivation. The relationship between tribal people and forest resources has been symbiotic in nature. The life-way processes of Odisha’s tribal people are reflected in their economy, religion, polity and social institutions, which cannot be understood without understanding various aspects of the forest surrounding them.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12423 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-2: 143-147
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Derkyi, Mercy. "Scale-Specific but Inter-Linked Strategies for Managing Forest Resource Conflicts in Ghana: Forest Professionals’ Views." Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 1, no. 2 (February 21, 2018): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v1i0.26.
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Constructive conflict management strategies according to forest professionals have the potential to minimise the prevalence offorest resource conflicts at different levels of scale in Ghana’s high forest zone. The paper therefore employed mixed methodsin gathering data on conflict causes, prevailing and alternative conflict management strategies from forest professionals’perspectives. Results revealed multifaceted forest resource conflict causes such as: i) weak implementation of policystrategies and actions; ii) absence of guidelines on crop damage compensation payment; iii) boundary disputes; iv) farmlandscarcity; and v) local elite capture of social responsibility agreement negotiation process and benefits. It was also ascertainedthat prevailing conflict management strategies are diverse but strategies used are based on case-by-case approaches whichlack clearly defined conflict management mechanism to redress the numerous grievances in the sector. It is in view of that theforest professionals recommended scale-specific but inter-linked strategies to be institutionalised in the forestry sector.
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Hellström, Eeva. "Conflict cultures – Qualitative Comparative Analysis of environmental conflicts in forestry." Silva Fennica Monographs 2001, no. 2 (2001): 1–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.sfm2.
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Owing to the internationalisation of the forestry debate and forest policy, there is growing need to conduct comparative forest policy research at an international scale. This research compares environmental confl icts in forestry in seven cases during 1984–1995. The cases include Finland, France, Minnesota USA, Norway, Pacifi c Northwest USA, Sweden and West Germany. The research is based on the notion that each society has its own ‘cultural’ ways of producing and managing environmental confl icts in forestry, depending on the social, political, economic, and resource characteristics of the society. The purpose of the study is to describe these confl ict cultures, to identify and analyse the societal aspects that impact them, and to discuss the implications of understanding confl icts as cultural phenomena. The research is based on focused interviews of multiple actors related to forest management and protection. For the data analysis, a ‘hermeneutic’ (interpretative and understanding) approach is introduced to Qualitative Comparative Analysis, the use of which has been dominated by causal applications. As a result of the analysis, models of confl ict cultures and confl ict management strategies are constructed. The model of confl ict cultures indicates three basic dimensions of confl ict culture, and defi nes how they are related to each other. These dimensions are mild vs. intense confl icts, separatist vs. co-operative relations between actors and stability vs. change in forest resource policy and use. The model of confl ict management strategies indicates to what extent the different cases place emphasis on interactive vs. institutional confl ict management, and the management of confl icting (sub)cultures within the society vs. the confl ict culture of the society.
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Thürig, Esther, and Edgar Kaufmann. "Waldbewirtschaftung zur Senkenerhöhung? Mögliche Konfliktfelder und Synergien | Increasing carbon sinks by forest management? Conflicts and synergies." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0281.
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A new function of forests was brought into focus by the Kyoto Protocol: forests as carbon sinks. Switzerland decided to have forest management taken into account under the Kyoto Protocol (Art. 3.4). This new forest function brings about new conflicts. The Swiss Forestry statistics and the Swiss National Forest Inventory show harvesting amounts are increasing and the trend seems set to continue. In a study by the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) different forest management scenarios were analyzed as was their influence both on the amount harvested in the long term and the forest sink effect. The study focussed on the following question: How can increased forest management be combined with forest carbon sinks and where are the limits? The scenarios range from reduced forest management and corresponding forest carbon sinks to a reduction of growing stock with corresponding carbon sources. Results show that for a limited time span both aspects can be considered on a national scale. Further studies should focus on interactions with other forest functions such as preservation of biodiversity, damage to forests and the effect of climate change.
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Gordeeva, Evgenia, Norbert Weber, and Bernhard Wolfslehner. "The New EU Forest Strategy for 2030—An Analysis of Major Interests." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091503.
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The New European Union Forest Strategy for 2030 has been controversially discussed by all relevant interest groups: member states, forest owners, forest-related industry, environmental NGOs. The analysis reveals two central conflicts characterizing the Strategy: sovereignty vs. increased Union control—the primary concern of member states and forest owners; and commodity vs. amenity—a central issue between forest-based industry and environmental NGOs. In this respect it is interesting to note that, while being competitors over influence in European forest policy, both forest-related industry and environmental NGOs share the demand for clearer definitions in the Strategy. The Commission’s position is discussed in view of the central conflicts with no unequivocal results—while in the first conflict the Commission can be assumed to, indeed, seek to obtain more power vis-à-vis the member states, with regard to the second conflict three assumptions are on the horizon: (i) the Commission tries to balance the demands of commodity and amenity- oriented interest groups; (ii) despite environmental rhetoric used, the Strategy is dominated by economic goals; (iii) the strategic vision of the Commission inclines towards environmental goals.
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Senoaji, Gunggung. "The Conflicts of Ultilization of Forest Area in Bukit Basa Limited Production Forest, Rejang Lebong District, Bengkulu Province." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 17, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.17.1.61-69.
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Bukit Basa Limited Production Forest covers 125 hectares, located in Rejang Lebong District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. The main function of limited production forest is to yield forest products, timber and non timber. In Bukit Basa Limited Production Forest, there has been a change of land use from forest land to a crop land. There has been conflict in this forest area. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of communities cutivating forest land and to suggest conflict resolution of this forest area. The data were collected by field observation, and interview. The accidental sampling technique was used to select 42 respondents. Legal approaches were used to find solutions to the tenurial conflict. The results showed that land use of Bukit Basa Limited Production Forest, in 2017 was entirely crop land. All of this forest areas have been illegaly occupied by people. The average land area of occupied by a household was 1.24 ha. The people acquired their land by buying (4.76%), renting (21.43%), clearing the forest (42.86%), and inheriting (30.95%). The dependence of this community on the forest area was quite high. Only 38.10% of them had agricultural land outside the forest area; 61.9% depended on the land in the forest area. The contribution of farmers' incomes from agricultural business in forest land was 77.22% of their total income. The legalization of the use of limited production forests as crop lands must be enforced through policy schemes of community-based forest management, such as community forests, village forests, community plantations forest, or partnerships.
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KARNA, BIRENDRA K., GANESH P. SHIVAKOTI, and EDWARD L. WEBB. "Resilience of community forestry under conditions of armed conflict in Nepal." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 2 (May 20, 2010): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000263.
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SUMMARYArmed conflicts pose a serious and potentially long-term threat to institutions, societies and environments across the world. This study focuses on the small mountainous country of Nepal, which has experienced high levels of armed conflict for many years. This paper analyses the relationship between local forest institutions, institutional embeddedness and forest condition under conditions of active armed conflict. Seven community forest user groups with similar forest governance structure were examined, located in similar biophysical and ecological zones, but experiencing different degrees of conflict. Those forest user groups facing severe armed conflict showed a decline in institutional arrangements but improvements in characteristics of institutional embeddedness, such as trust and reciprocity, whereas the forest user groups in low conflict environments had more stable institutional arrangements and stable embeddedness characteristics. Both types of locations showed an increase in forest density. These results emphasize the capacity of local institutions to organize and cooperate even in extremely vulnerable situations, building trust and reciprocity for sustainable forest use and management.
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Poduška, Zoran, Vlado Čokeša, and Ivana Živanović. "Attitudes of employees about conflicts in the forestry sector." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 77-78 (2018): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor1877123p.
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The paper presents the research results on conflicts in the forestry sector. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the belief that conflicts are a universal phenomenon. The basic constituents of conflicts are elements and aspects. The elements of conflicts are the substance, processes and relations between participants, which affect the social, cultural, institutional and economic aspects. They also include the aspect of natural resources, which is a feature of the forestry sector. Such a theoretical framework gave grounds for the analysis of employees' opinions about the type and significance and the stage in which the observed conflicts were. The opinions of the people employed in enterprises and organizations benefiting from state forests, protected areas and administrative state bodies in the forestry sector were collected through a survey. The data collected were processed using descriptive statistics. A lot of conflicting situations were identified and they were classified into 10 groups. The most serious one is the conflict between regular measures and works in the forest of nature protection. Nine participants were identified in these conflicts. It was found that some conflicts had been resolved, while some were in the latent phase, with the possibility to escalate.
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Eckerberg, Katarina, and Camilla Sandström. "Forest conflicts: A growing research field." Forest Policy and Economics 33 (August 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.05.001.
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Tuan, Hoang Huy, Nguyen Van Minh, Nguyen Thi Hong Mai, Tran Thi Thuy Hang, and Seiji Iwanaga. "Determinants and Challenges of Community Sand Forest Management in Vietnam." Forests 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040561.
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In the inland sandy areas along the central coast of Vietnam, there is a specific type of ecosystem that local people call a sand forest. Over time, despite many economic, political, and social upheavals, local people in some places still maintain these sand forests. In this study, we aimed to investigate the determinants and challenges of community sand forest management in coastal north central Vietnam. For this purpose, we explore insights regarding the changing roles of sand forests in community perception, community challenges, and the role of stakeholders in sand forest management. We then discuss policy implications for sustainable sand forest management. By applying focus group discussions, household surveys, and in-depth interviews, this study found that local people have used village conventions to manage the sand forest for hundreds of years because they have been aware of the role of the sand forest in daily life, especially the spiritual and environmental roles of the sand forest. However, sand forest management is confusing and inefficient due to the neglect of the role of traditional organizations. Along with this, local people face several challenges, such as conflicts over the use of sand forests, and a lack of recognition of the community’s legal rights to such forests. Based on these results, some policy implications are proposed, such as strengthening the participation of related stakeholders, and providing coordination between traditional organizations and local authorities in forest management and conflict management in forest use. It is necessary to promote the allocation of sand forests to local communities so that they have the legal rights to effectively manage and protect their forests and to obtain potential benefits in the future.
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Wulandari, C., Y. R. Fitriana, I. G. Febryano, S. Herwanti, H. Kaskoyo, and H. J. Putra. "Complexity of Unsolved Forest Tenurial Conflict: A Case of Way Terusan Forest Management Unit, Lampung Province, Indonesia." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 27, e (December 31, 2021): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.27.te.21.
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Effective forest management is challenging to achieve when there is uncertainty about who controls forest areas. Land tenure issues can arise from local communities, immigrants, the private sector, or the government. Overlapping rights in forest areas are very likely to occur due to the licensing system's lack of integration and the inaccuracy with which the problem of forest land use claims. The Forest area of Register 47 is the case where the forest tenurial conflict resolution is theoretical and takes into account the existence of forest communities and conflict resolution programs that have been implemented by the Forest Management Unit (FMU). This study employed case study approach carried out with an in-depth study in the historical study about the conflicts and juridical review in Way Terusan FMU, Lampung Province. The collected data was then validated by triangulating scheme by the observation and documentation. The findings show that in terms of legal, FMU is the legal authority in forest area organizations, especially after regional regulation since 2019. However, the encroachment began in the 1990s when about 900 households were relocated to the area without the Forestry Ministry accord. Various legalization permits were submitted to the central government, but they were not deemed as a viable option. Since the regional regulation of forest area law's introduction in 2019, the FMU has been the primary actor in forest management. In order to resolve all conflicts, the FMU might apply for some effective forestry partnership cooperation programs.
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Zhu, Qingsong, Jiaxin Jin, Pengxiang Wang, Yingying Ji, Yuanyuan Xiao, Fengsheng Guo, Changsheng Deng, and Lisha Qu. "Contrasting Trends of Forest Coverage between the Inland and Coastal Urban Groups of China over the Past Decades." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2019): 4451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164451.
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China is building forest urban groups through reforestation and afforestation. However, the fast process of urbanization inevitably conflicts with multiple vegetated areas around cities. Hence, it is critical to evaluate the changes in regional vegetation cover and its spatial pattern due to complex natural and anthropogenic factors. Nevertheless, systematic studies to quantify and compare the development of forest urban agglomerations were rarely reported. Based on a remote sensing landcover dataset from 1992 to 2015, this study investigated forest cover changes and the impacts on landscape pattern in several urban groups, and tried to explore their differences between the inland and coastal regions of China. The results showed that over the past 24 years, the forest coverage in the coastal urban agglomerations declined (103 km2/year) while it increased (26 km2/year) in the inland urban agglomerations. There was a certain conflict between forest and cropland for the coastal urban agglomerations where the forest area converted to cropland accounted for 61.9% of the total forest loss. The increase in forests coverage in inland urban agglomerations mainly came from grassland which nearly accounted for 66.47% of the total increase. The landscape diversity has also changed in areas where forests have changed significantly (e.g., Shanghai, Changzhi, and Jincheng).
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Dhiaulhaq, Ahmad, Kanchana Wiset, Rawee Thaworn, Seth Kane, and David Gritten. "Forest, water and people: The roles and limits of mediation in transforming watershed conflict in Northern Thailand." Forest and Society 1, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v1i2.2049.
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This study focuses on watershed management in Northern Thailand, where conflict over forest, land and water-use is a prevailing problem. A characteristic of watershed conflicts is that they are often multifaceted and involve multiple stakeholders with different interests and values, consequently requiring conflict management approaches that are sustainable in their outcomes, including addressing the underlying causes of the conflicts. Drawing from a case study in Mae Tia Mae Tae watershed in Northern Thailand, this study explores how mediation by external third party can contribute to the transformation of conflicts in the watershed and how the broader institutional contexts in which the conflict is embedded shapes the mediation outcomes. The study suggests that co-creation of mutual understanding and recognition of each party’s socio-cultural differences, including land-use practices, are critical in building trust and in how conflict transformation processes moved forward. Moreover, the ability of the mediator in facilitating the establishment of a deliberative institution (i.e. a watershed network committee) and agreed rules on forest utilization were also critical in maintaining long-term collaboration in the watershed and potentially preventing other conflicts arising in the future. Some issues, however, may threaten the continuity of the cooperation and sustainability of peace in the watershed, including the lack of structural reform that formally recognizes local people’s rights, insecure land tenure, and the absence of legal recognition for the watershed network committee as a legitimate mechanism for watershed decision making. The paper discusses these findings by comparing it with those from our previous studies in other locations (Cambodia, Indonesia and Western Thailand) to strengthen the insights from Northern Thailand. Finally, the research puts forward some recommendations for reforms and to strengthen the use of effective mediation, to achieve transformative outcomes, in conflicts of this nature. iation, to achieve transformative outcomes, in conflicts of this nature.
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Fouqueray, Timothée, Lucile Génin, Michel Trommetter, and Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste. "Efficient, Sustainable, and Multifunctional Carbon Offsetting to Boost Forest Management: A Comparative Case Study." Forests 12, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040386.
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Research highlights: Funding forest management with subsidies from carbon offsetters is a well-documented mechanism in tropical regions. This article provides complementary insights into the use of voluntary offset contracts in temperate forests. Background and objectives: The mitigation of greenhouse emissions has become a major global issue, leading to changes in forest management to increase the capacity of forests to store carbon. This can lead to conflicts of use with other forest ecosystem services such as timber production or biodiversity conservation. Our main goal is to describe collective actions to fund carbon-oriented forestry with subsidies from carbon offsetters and to analyze how their governance and functioning prevent conflicts pertaining to multi-functionality. Materials and methods: We assembled an interdisciplinary research team comprising two ecologists, a social scientist, and an economist. Drawing on a conceptual framework of ecosystem services, social interdependencies, and collective action, we based our qualitative analysis on semi-structured interviews from two French case studies. Results: Carbon-oriented intermediary forest organizations offer offset contracts to private firms and public bodies. Communication is geared toward the mitigation outcomes of the contracts as well as their beneficial side effects in providing the ecosystem services of interest to the offsetters. Subsidies then act as a financial lever to fund carbon-oriented forestry operations. Scientific committees and reporting methodologies serve as environmental, social, and economic safeguards. Conclusions: These new intermediary forest organizations use efficient forest operations and evaluation methodologies to improve forest carbon storage. Their main innovation lies in their collective governance rooted in regional forest social-ecological systems. Their consideration of multi-functionality and socioeconomic issues can be seen as an obstacle to rapid development, but they ensure sustainability and avoid conflicts between producers and beneficiaries of forest ecosystem services. Attention must be paid to interactions with broader spatial and temporal carbon policies.
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Irawan, Arif, Kristian Mairi, and Sulistya Ekawati. "Analysis Of Tenurial Conflict In Production Forest Management Unit (Pfmu) Model Poigar." Jurnal Wasian 3, no. 2 (December 23, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v3i2.1595.
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This Research aims to determine (1) History, actors and the causes of conflict in terms of the social aspect of economic, cultural and institutional happened in PFMU Model Poigar (2) Recommendations settlement to parse tenurial conflicts PFMU Model Poigar. Data analysis method used is a qualitative approach. The results showed that land claims by communities began of forest utilization activities to meet basic needs. Tenurial conflicts PFMU Model Poigar is a structural conflict. Some of the main actors should receive priority attention is the processing community land in the area and local employers. Some of the basic causes of conflict tenurial PFMU Model Poigar is a lack of understanding about the existence of related parties PFMU Model Poigar, the dualism of authority, lack of community empowerment, and law enforcement is still weak.Based on consideration of the history, the actors involved and the cause of the conflict, then some of the recommendation of this study is the institutional strengthening KPHP Poigar model, the development of that partnership, and law enforcement.
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Jenke, M., and J. Pretzsch. "The impact of community forest formalisation on tenure security and co-management in Thailand." International Forestry Review 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821832140321.
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The formalisation of community forestry through legal registration could enhance the tenure security of local communities, although its effectiveness remains unclear. The issue of whether Thailand's registration programme strengthened the tenure security of community forests and altered their customary forest institutions was investigated. The tenure security and forest management of registered community forests with varying levels of tenure disputes were compared across five different localities. The formalisation process and its effects on tenure security were discussed with representatives from communal forest committees and forest officials. Findings indicated that neither management organisation nor forest rules were altered following registration but remained adapted to local forest uses. Moreover, forest communities were confident in the assurance of their use and management rights. The registration generally enabled communities to prevent further forest encroachment and resolve conflicts if forest officials and police provided support. However, limited financial resources hindered communities to manage and monitor forests effectively.
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Bhusal, Prabin, Naya Sharma Paudel, Anukram Adhikary, Jisan Karki, and Kamal Bhandari. "Halting Forest Encroachment in Terai: What Role for Community Forestry?" Journal of Forest and Livelihood 16, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v16i1.22880.
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This paper highlights the lessons of using adaptive learning in community forestry that effectively help to resolve forest based conflicts in Terai region of Nepal. The paper is based on a three-year action research carried out in Terai. Qualitative methods including participatory rural appraisal tools and documentation of engaged action and reflections were used. Methods and tools that largely fall under adaptive learning were deployed. The field data was complemented by review of secondary data and literature on environmental history of Terai. We found that policies on land and forest in Terai for the last fifty years have induced and aggravated conflicts over access and control between state and communities and also within diverse groups of local communities. These conflicts have had serious negative impacts on sustainable management of forests and on local people’s livelihoods, particularly resource poor and landless people. Centralised and bureaucratic approaches to control forest and encroachment have largely failed. Despite investing millions of Rupees in maintaining law and order in forestlands, the problem continues to worsen often at the cost of forests and local communities. We found that transferring management rights to local communities like landless and land poor in the form of community forestry (CF) has induced strong local level collective action in forest management and supported local livelihoods. Moreover, adding adaptive learning, as a methodological tool to improve governance and enhance local level collective action significantly improves the benefit of CF. It implies that a major rethinking is needed in the current policies that have often led to hostile relationships with the local inhabitants- particularly the illegal settlers. Instead, transferring forest rights to local communities and supporting them through technical aspects of forest management will strengthen local initiatives towards sustainable management of forests.
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Bhusal, Prabin, Naya Sharma Paudel, Anukram Adhikary, Jisan Karki, and Kamal Bhandari. "Halting Forest Encroachment in Terai: What Role for Community Forestry?" Journal of Forest and Livelihood 16, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v16i1.22886.
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This paper highlights the lessons of using adaptive learning in community forestry that effectively help to resolve forest based conflicts in Terai region of Nepal. The paper is based on a three-year action research carried out in Terai. Qualitative methods including participatory rural appraisal tools and documentation of engaged action and reflections were used. Methods and tools that largely fall under adaptive learning were deployed. The field data was complemented by review of secondary data and literature on environmental history of Terai. We found that policies on land and forest in Terai for the last fifty years have induced and aggravated conflicts over access and control between state and communities and also within diverse groups of local communities. These conflicts have had serious negative impacts on sustainable management of forests and on local people’s livelihoods, particularly resource poor and landless people. Centralised and bureaucratic approaches to control forest and encroachment have largely failed. Despite investing millions of Rupees in maintaining law and order in forestlands, the problem continues to worsen often at the cost of forests and local communities. We found that transferring management rights to local communities like landless and land poor in the form of community forestry (CF) has induced strong local level collective action in forest management and supported local livelihoods. Moreover, adding adaptive learning, as a methodological tool to improve governance and enhance local level collective action significantly improves the benefit of CF. It implies that a major rethinking is needed in the current policies that have often led to hostile relationships with the local inhabitants- particularly the illegal settlers. Instead, transferring forest rights to local communities and supporting them through technical aspects of forest management will strengthen local initiatives towards sustainable management of forests.
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Moraga, Claudio A., Martín C. Funes, J. Cristóbal Pizarro, Cristóbal Briceño, and Andrés J. Novaro. "Effects of livestock on guanaco Lama guanicoe density, movements and habitat selection in a forest–grassland mosaic in Tierra del Fuego, Chile." Oryx 49, no. 1 (October 16, 2014): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312001238.
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AbstractLocally abundant ungulates often come into conflict with human activities. After a population collapse that reached its nadir in the 1970s, the guanaco Lama guanicoe population in Tierra del Fuego, Chile, recovered and is now in conflict with sheep ranching and commercial logging. We studied the effects of livestock density and environmental factors on guanaco abundance and spatial ecology, using seasonal counts and radio-telemetry in a private protected area (Karukinka) and neighbouring ranches in a forest–grassland mosaic in Tierra del Fuego. Guanaco density was highest in low-elevation areas with more grassland cover and little snow accumulation in winter. In low-elevation areas, guanaco density decreased with increasing livestock density. Radio-tracked guanacos exhibited a partial migration pattern: two individuals migrated seasonally, selecting grasslands and avoiding forests mainly in summer, whereas six sedentary individuals used habitats according to their availability. Migratory guanacos spent the summer in Karukinka and winter on nearby ranches. High sheep densities and poor range condition on the ranches reduce key forage resources available to guanacos and may promote use of forests by guanacos, affecting forest regeneration and increasing conflict with logging. Current guanaco harvest by loggers may fail to reduce the impact of guanacos on logged-forest regeneration if guanaco spatial ecology and sheep management are not considered. Our results provide insight into the interactions among guanacos, forests and livestock ranching, and may be used to reduce conflicts and guide conservation in the Fuegian ecosystem.
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Saigal, Sushil. "Improving forest governance: Experience of Joint Forest Management in India." Social Change 33, no. 2-3 (June 2003): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570303300303.
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There is an increasing interest in community-based forest management as a potential approach for improving forest governance. India is among the few countries in the world where such an approach-called Joint Forest Management (JFM)-has not only been successfully introduced but also achieved large-scale implementation, covering 18% of all state forests. Forests cover 23% of India's geographical area and almost all are under state ownership. However, over half the forests are in a degraded condition. Forests also provide livelihood support to a large proportion of the population, especially the poor. Around 147 million people live in and around forests. But until the 1980s, the focus was on commercial forestry and people were excluded from forest management. This led to forest degradation on the one hand, and conflicts between the Forest Department and local communities on the other. A new policy in 1988 stressed forest management for ecosystem services and meeting local communities’ needs. Under this policy, Joint Forest Management promoted agreements between the Forest Department and village communities to jointly protect and manage adjacent forest land and to share responsibilities and benefits. JFM has had several positive impacts on forest governance in the form of improved forest condition, increased income and livelihood opportunities for participating communities and, most importantly, a dramatic change in the attitude of communities and the Forest Department towards each other and toward forests. Although challenges still remain, if implemented in its true spirit, JFM can be a viable long-term strategy for contributing towards the goals of sustainable livelihoods and forest management.
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Turyahabwe, Remigio, Joyfred Asaba, Andrew Mulabbi, and Makoba Gudoyi Paul. "Sustainable Human-Wildlife Conflict Management Strategies Around Busitema Central Forest Reserve, Eastern Uganda." East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.3.1.423.
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The study aimed at establishing sustainable Human-wildlife co-existence strategies to help settle the conflicts existing between humans and wildlife living around Busitema Central Forest Reserve. To achieve this, we first examined the nature of the existing conflicts which helped us to come up with conflict-specific co-existence strategies. We used questionnaires, interviews and focused group discussions, where the information obtained was confirmed by field observations. The data was then analysed using simple descriptive statistics like percentages, means and standard deviations. Results indicated that primates (baboons and monkeys) dominated the conflicting list of wildlife with humans followed by rodents while carnivores were the least reported. Crop raiding (100%), livestock and poultry predation (36%) were the most dominant conflicts reported posed to man while habitat destruction (40%) and road accidents (26%) were the biggest conflict man has posed on wildlife. Equitable compensation (10±0.0) and community involvement in conservation (8±1.4) dominated the sustainable Human-Wildlife co-existence strategies suggested by local communities. It was concluded that, involvement of local communities in wildlife conservation should be prioritized and areas surrounding the protected forest area should be planted with crops such as tea and trees such as eucalyptus (woodlots) that are not affected by wildlife but rather are enhancers of wildlife habitats
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Sinaulan, Ramlani Lina. "Basics of Legal Authority Forest Management In Indonesia." Southeast Asia Law Journal 1, no. 2 (March 9, 2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31479/salj.v1i2.11.
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<p align="justify">Administer or manage the forest is a very interesting activity and into the desire of many parties for fighting over. This is due to the forestry sector and the potential to bring a source of income. Conflicts of authority or claims that occur in the field of forestry for at least related to the legal instruments governing on division of authority. To prevent possible conflicts of authority in the field of forestry, need to be investigated and disclosed on the basic principles of authority. Resolving conflicts of authority and determine who has the most right to manage forests, not enough to simply rely on the creation of new rules, but must begin with the affirmation of principles law and "enforcement" law.</p>
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Sunawardi, Sunawardi, Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna, and Teuku Muhammad Jamil. "THE ROLE OF ACEH GOVERNMENT THROUGH LAND CONFLICT SETTLEMENT IN ACEH." Al-Ijtima`i: International Journal of Government and Social Science 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jai.v7i2.1451.
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During 2017 to 2021, there were 120 land conflict complaints in Aceh that were submitted to the Aceh Government. Based on the data from the field study, information was obtained that the typology of the land conflicts was HGU land conflicts, Land Acquisition, Use Rights/HPL, Land Overlap, Cultivated Land, Customary Land, Forest Land, Certified Land, Inheritance Land, Land Claims, Land Transmigration, Waqf Land, Land Limits and Land Grants. The government's role in resolving land conflicts is carried out by the Aceh Land Office through the Land Conflict and Dispute Resolution Coordination Team that involves the relevant agencies. Settlement is carried out non-litigation (outside the court) through coordination between agencies by taking an inventory of conflicts arranged in a typology of conflict for resolution through the relevant agencies according to the authority. Furthermore, if the settlement is needed, mediation of the parties will be carried out by a land mediator so that a decision can be made by the District Court on the agreed minutes.
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Golar, Golar. "Conflict Variety and the Facilitation Role of Forest Managemen Unit (FMU) on Resolution of Tenurial Conflict." Jurnal Wasian 9, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v9i1.6580.
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In this study, tenure conflict is interpreted as various forms of claims related to mastery, management, utilization, and land use at FMU areas of Dampelas Tinombo. In this context, the FMU will be directly and responsibly involved in addressing disputes in its territory. This research aims to identify and analyze the variety of land-use conflicts and how the role of FMU in resolving conflict resolution in its managed areas. This study was conducted in 2020 at FMU of Dampelas Tinombo using the Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RA-TA) method. Data collection techniques with a Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) approach through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study sample was established by purposive sampling. The results showed that the variety of conflicts in FMU was land clearing, threats of illegal logging activities, and low public trust in programs derived from FMU. The role of KPH is needed in the resolution of tenure conflicts, significantly facilitating in optimizing collaborative management of forest resources and reducing the implementation of social forestry in the form of empowerment schemes and forestry partnerships.
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Cao, Ji, Weidong Cao, Xianwei Fang, Jinji Ma, Diana Mok, and Yisong Xie. "The Identification and Driving Factor Analysis of Ecological-Economi Spatial Conflict in Nanjing Metropolitan Area Based on Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 5864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225864.
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The rapid socio-economic development of the metropolitan area has led to the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment. This leads to intense competition and conflict between different spatial use types. Spatial conflict research is essential to achieve ecological-economic coordination and high-quality development. However, existing studies lack comprehensive and direct ecological-economic spatial conflicts, especially those on the spatial-temporal evolution and potential drivers of spatial conflict. In this study, we identified the ecological-economic spatial conflicts in the Nanjing metropolitan area in 2010, 2015, and 2020. This study used the random forest to analyze the factors that influenced the change of spatial conflict. Results show that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, the ecological-economic spatial conflict in the Nanjing metropolitan area changed significantly. (2) Land use change has an important effect on spatial conflicts, which are easily triggered by uncontrolled urban expansion, but ecological land can mitigate spatial conflicts. (3) Relevant driving factors of spatial conflicts show multi-level features, so the development of conflict reconciliation countermeasures needs to be tailored to local conditions. This study provides a significant foundation for the high-quality development of the Nanjing metropolitan area and provides a reference for the planning and management of the territorial space.
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Senoaji, Gunggung, Muhamad Fajrin Hidayat, and Iskandar Iskandar. "RESOLUSI KONFLIK TENURIAL PEMANFAATAN KAWASAN HUTAN DI HUTAN LINDUNG RIMBO DONOK KABUPATEN KEPAHIYANG (The Tenurial Conflicts Resolution of Utilization of Forest Areas in Protected Forests Rimbo Donok Kepahiang District)." Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan 26, no. 1 (September 12, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jml.29250.
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ABSTRAKHutan Lindung Rimbo Donok memiliki luas 377,99 Ha, terletak di Kabupaten Kepahiyang Provinsi Bengkulu. Fungsi utama dari hutan lindung ini adalah sebagai sistem penyangga kehidupan untuk mengatur tata air, mencegah banjir dan erosi, dan menjaga kesuburan tanah. Seharusnya, tutupan vegetasi kawasan hutan ini berupa hutan primer. Namun fakta di lapangan, seluruh kawasan hutan ini telah berubah menjadi lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik masyarakat penggarap lahan di kawasan hutan lindung Rimbo Donok dan mencari alternatif resolusi konflik yang terjadi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik pemetaan, pengamatan lapangan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lahan di hutan lindung Rimbo Donok seluruhnya berupa lahan pertanian, yang digarap masyarakat secara tidak sah dengan menanam kopi dan tanaman pertanian lainnya. Rata-rata luas lahan garapan untuk setiap kepala keluarga sekitar 1,33 ha. Resolusi konflik pemanfaatan hutan ini harus bisa mengakomodir fungsi sosial ekonomi dan fungsi perlindungan lingkungan. Upaya legalisasi pemanfatan hutan harus dilakukan dengan berbagai skema seperti : hutan kemasyarakatan, hutan desa, atau kemitraan. Pengolahan lahannya dapat menggunakan sistem agroforestry. ABSTRACTRimbo Donok Protected Forest covers 377.99 Ha area, located in Kepahiyang District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. The main function of protected forest is to protect life buffer system. Therefore, the land use must be forest. In Rimbo Donok Protected Forest, there has been a change of land use from forest land to crop land. There has been tenurial conflicts in the utilization of forest area. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of tenants in Rimbo Donok protected forest area and choose alternatives to resolve tenurial conflicts. The data of uses were collected through mapping techniques, field observation, and interview. The results showed that land use of Rimbo Donok Protected Forest in 2016 is entirely crop land. All of this protected forest have been illegaly occupied by people. These people are planting coffe and other agricultural plants in the area. The average land area of head family is 1.33 ha. This conflict resolution of forest utilization should be able to accommodate the socio-economic function and environmental protection function. Efforts to legalize the utilization of forests should be carried out under various schemes such as: community forest, village forest, or partnership. the agroforestry system can be selected as its land management system.
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Namba, Chizuru. "Colonization and Forestry in French Indochina: the Control, Use, and Exploitation of Forests." Asian Review of World Histories 9, no. 1 (December 11, 2020): 24–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340084.
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Abstract This paper aims to illustrate how forests, which play an important role in the economy, the environment, the military, and culture, were managed and used in French Indochina through the colonial period. The Forest Service’s plan involved rational, systematic logging with the participation of companies that generally excluded local inhabitants from the reserved forests and restricted forest use for their livelihoods. Also, the “communal reserves” established in some areas to prioritize locals’ forest use led to regional strife. Despite the colonial authorities’ view that maintenance of the abundant forests was a manifestation of their civilizing mission, the actual implementation of such policies was frequently accompanied by strict policies and repressive control. Friction existed between the various parties using the forest and the Forest Service concerning forest management. The views and behavior of the colonial authorities were also inconsistent, due to the multifaceted nature of the forests, which were at once natural treasures that supported people’s lives as well as a stage for conflicts between varied actors and interests, including local inhabitants, villages, outsiders, the Forest Service, and administrative agencies.
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Prihatin, Panca Setyo, and Syaprianto Syaprianto. "Implementasi Kebijakan Dalam Menyelesaikan Konflik (Studi Di Area Hak Pengusahaan Hutan Tanaman Industri PT. Sinar Mas Grup) Di Kabupaten Pelalawan." SISI LAIN REALITA 2, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2017.vol2(2).2465.
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This study aims to see the implementation of policies in resolving conflicts in the area ofIndustrial Plantation Forest Concession Rights of PT. Sinar Mas Group in PelalawanDistrict, the conflict must be quickly resolved so as not to cause greater problems, theseriousness of the government is needed. In this study researchers used theimplementation theory according to Grindle and used qualitative analysis methods withthe aim of describing, analyzing and attempting to elaborate policies and solutions inconflict resolution by interviewing directly and in depth the key informants who wereconsidered most knowledgeable using purposive sampling technique. The findings ofthis study indicate that the implementation of policies in resolving conflicts in the areaof Industrial Plantation Forest Concession Rights of PT. The Sinar Mas Group inPelalawan District has not been implemented properly, so it is expected that thegovernment will be more active in resolving the conflict, one of them is by revising theexisting policy and the government must prioritize the principle of consensus byinvolving the company and community leaders around the company that.
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Paudel, S. "Community forestry in Nepal." Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1, no. 1 (November 22, 2006): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjs.v1i1.190.
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Establishment of community forestry in Nepal is a successful step in conservation of forest. Community forestry programme through the local forest users group has shown its positive impacts in the society. This paper discusses an overview of the present scenario of the community forestry in Nepal. It describes the brief historical background, some important forest legislations, and organization of forest. The paper also describes the internal conflicts between forest users and district forest offices, and possible resolution. It also suggests some of the aspects of community forestry in which the research needs to be focused for the better management of the forests in Nepal.
Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 62-65, 2003
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Iqbal, Laode Muhammad, Muhammad Dasir, and Risma Illa Maulany. "Respon Terhadap Konflik Oleh Masyarakat Komunitas Kontu dalam Kawasan Hutan Lindung Jompi Kabupaten Muna Sulawesi Tenggara." Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat 11, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/jhm.v11i1.4774.
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The case of conflict occurring in the Jompi protected forest is a conflict between the Kontu community and the Muna District Forest Service. The problems that occur because the community is not allowed to enter the protected forest area while the people from the past have lived and has dependent in the forest. The community's productive land is within Jompi's protected forest area. History notes that the protected forest area of Jompi has been traditionally utilized by the community of Kontu communities. So that social pressure of the community then manages the land in the Forest area without permission from the Forest Service. This is done by Kontu and the poor from the city of Raha to make ends meet. Based on this case, this study examines how the responses about the conflicts by Kontu communities in utilizing the Jompi protected forest area, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Data analysis is done descriptively narrative which presents data descriptively in the form of chart, matrix to facilitate comprehension of data analysis result which have obtained more integrated. The results obtained in this study that the causes of the conflict that occurred between Kontu Community and Muna District Forest Service began in 1999, when the issuance of Forestry Ministerial Decree No. 454 / Kpts-II / 1999 by the Ministry of Forestry which designates the forest area of Southeast Sulawesi. Communities respond to conflict in different ways. Some communities respond strongly that those expressed in the form of resistance as their resistance to conflict and there is also a weak response, expressed by migration although not so much.
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Nirmal, KBK, Ravi K. Shrestha, Sudil G. Acharya, and Abdul S. Ansari. "Maoist Conflict, Community Forestry and Livelihoods: Pro-poor Innovations in Forest Management in Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8, no. 2 (October 15, 2009): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2311.
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Violent conflicts are quite often perceived as a destructive and negative phenomenon, and there is little understanding of how they also offer opportunities for a positive change in the society. In particular, little is understood about how violent conflicts and development processes interact and create positive changes in local institutions and practices. This article focuses on such interactions observed amongst the Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) in the Koshi Hills of Nepal, as the Livelihoods and Forestry Programme (LFP) worked through the conflict period. It demonstrates that the Maoist conflict contributed in several ways to enhance the pro-poor outcomes of development actions. We show that the conflict helped empower the marginalised groups, improve their access to community resources, and bring about important changes within the local institutions and practices, contributing to equitable resource management. We suggest that there are positive sides of a violent conflict, where development interventions need to focus on. We also argue that development brings about equitable outcomes if it is complemented with local level advocacy in favour of the poor and marginalised groups. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2311 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.93-100
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Santoso, Iman. "ZONING AREAL HUTAN DAN KONFLIKNYA." Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2008): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2008.5.3.143-153.
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Purwanto, Purwanto, Sigit Andy Cahyono, Casimerus Yudi Lastiantoro, and Nana Haryanti. "Farmer’s Household Economy working on conflict areas in The Meru Betiri National Park." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.15.2.112-116.
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Forest land conflict in Meru Betiri National Park is considered as one of the kind of land conflicts in the forest conservation of Indonesia. The conflict has been taking place between MBNP and the people who live around the forest area (Wonoasri, Sanenrejo, Andongrejo, Curahnongko, and Kandangan) since 1998. The purpose of this research is to know the history of land conflict in Meru Betiri National Park and the impact of land rehabilitation on farmer's income This study was conducted in 2016. Qualitative research was conducted to obtain the historical information of MBNP land conflict and the survey was done to collect data of contribution of cultivation activities in the rehabilitation land (conflict area) on the income of farmers. The forest land conflict took place due to the vacant authority of the central government in 1998 which spread to the local government, so the government is not able to control the illegal harvesting of forest resources and forest area encroachment conducted by the public. In 1999, the local politicians of Indonesian Democratic Party proposed to the Ministry of Forestry in order the conflicted area of MBNP can be cultivated by the people around the area. In 2000, The Forestry Minister issued regulations stated that the assigned land is a rehabilitation zone. The rehabilitation zone must be planted with Multiple Purposes Tree Species (MPTS) and seasonal crops by using agroforestry system. The purpose of MPTS planting is for reforestation and the seasonal crops plantation is addressed for increasing the income of the farmers. After implementing the program for 15 years, the income generated from the rehabilitation land only Rp. 3,517,100,- (US $ 1 = Rp. 13,400,-) per year or 14,49% of the total income of the farmers. The income from the rehabilitation land contributed as the third source of incomes b esides the non land-based sources of income and the income from migrated remittance.
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Côté, Marc-André, and Luc Bouthillier. "Analysis of the relationship among stakeholders affected by sustainable forest management and forest certification." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75961-6.
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Supporters of sustainable forest management and forest certification are seeking to improve worldwide forest practices. Groups involved in the forest sector will have to adapt themselves to respect new environmental regulations, standards, and agreements linked to these two new concepts. Some forest stakeholders will lose several of their long-time privileges under the pressure of new actors involved in sustainable forest management. Forest managers will have to consider more social values in their planning than they used before. Sustainable forest management and forest certification thus have the potential to resolve, through public participation processes, old conflicts between stakeholders involved in forest management. However, these same processes could be the source of new conflicts. This article analyzes the ways in which relationships between forest stakeholders could be affected by new sustainable forest management rules. Key words: sustainable forest management, certification, forest stakeholder, public participation
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Gritten, David, Blas Mola-Yudego, and Cristobal Delgado-Matas. "Media coverage of forest conflicts: A reflection of the conflicts’ intensity and impact?" Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 27, no. 2 (March 2012): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2011.635074.
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Castro-Nunez, Augusto. "Responding to Climate Change in Tropical Countries Emerging from Armed Conflicts: Harnessing Climate Finance, Peacebuilding, and Sustainable Food." Forests 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9100621.
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Linking climate action with sustainable development goals (SDGs) might incentivize social and political support to forest conservation. However, further examination of the conceptual entry points for linking efforts for reducing forest-based emissions with those for delivering SDGs is required. This review paper aims to contribute to fulfilling this research need. It provides insights into the links between conserving forests for climate change mitigation and peacebuilding. Specifically, the paper examines opportunities to harness climate finance for conserving forests and achieving long-lasting peace and sustainable food. It does so via a literature review and the examination of the Orinoquia region of Colombia. The findings from the literature review suggest that harnessing climate finance for conserving forests and peacebuilding is, in theory, viable if the activities are designed in accordance with social, institutional, and economic factors. Meanwhile, the Orinoquia region provides evidence that these two seemingly intractable problems are proposed to be solved together. At a time when efforts for reducing forest-based emissions are being designed and targeted at (post-) conflict areas in Colombia and elsewhere, the paper’s findings might demonstrate the compatibility of programs aimed at reducing forest-based emissions with efforts relating to peacebuilding and sustainable food to both environmental and non-environmental government agencies.