Academic literature on the topic 'Forest benefit sharing approaches'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Forest benefit sharing approaches.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Forest benefit sharing approaches"
1
Magessa, K., S. Wynne-Jones, and N. Hockley. "Are policies for decentralised forest governance designed to achieve full devolution? Evidence from Eastern Africa." International Forestry Review 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820828671544.
Full textAbstract:
Decentralised forest management approaches are ostensibly designed to increase community involvement in forest management, yet have had mixed success in practice. We present a comparative study across multiple countries in Eastern Africa of how far decentralised forest policies are designed to achieve devolution. We adopt the decentralisation framework developed by Agrawal and Ribot to explore whether, and how, devolution is specified in Tanzanian, Kenyan, Ugandan, Malawian and Ethiopian forest policies. We also compare them to the commitments of the Rio Declaration. In all five countries, the policies lack at least some of the critical elements required to achieve meaningful devolution, such as democratically elected, downwardly accountable local actors and equitable benefit sharing. Calling an approach 'community' or 'participatory', does not mean that it involves all residents: in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia, policies allow a small group of people in the community to manage the forest reserve, potentially excluding marginalised groups, and hence limiting devolution. This may lead to elite capture, and effective privatisation of forests, enclosing previously de facto common pool resources. Therefore, even without flaws in implementation, these decentralisation policies are unlikely to achieve true devolution in the study countries.
2
Burgess, Neil D., Bruno Bahane, Tim Clairs, Finn Danielsen, Søren Dalsgaard, Mikkel Funder, Niklas Hagelberg, et al. "Getting ready for REDD+ in Tanzania: a case study of progress and challenges." Oryx 44, no. 3 (July 2010): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000554.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe proposed mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) offers significant potential for conserving forests to reduce negative impacts of climate change. Tanzania is one of nine pilot countries for the United Nations REDD Programme, receives significant funding from the Norwegian, Finnish and German governments and is a participant in the World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility. In combination, these interventions aim to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, provide an income to rural communities and conserve biodiversity. The establishment of the UN-REDD Programme in Tanzania illustrates real-world challenges in a developing country. These include currently inadequate baseline forestry data sets (needed to calculate reference emission levels), inadequate government capacity and insufficient experience of implementing REDD+-type measures at operational levels. Additionally, for REDD+ to succeed, current users of forest resources must adopt new practices, including the equitable sharing of benefits that accrue from REDD+ implementation. These challenges are being addressed by combined donor support to implement a national forest inventory, remote sensing of forest cover, enhanced capacity for measuring, reporting and verification, and pilot projects to test REDD+ implementation linked to the existing Participatory Forest Management Programme. Our conclusion is that even in a country with considerable donor support, progressive forest policies, laws and regulations, an extensive network of managed forests and increasingly developed locally-based forest management approaches, implementing REDD+ presents many challenges. These are being met by coordinated, genuine partnerships between government, non-government and community-based agencies.
3
Karki, G., B. Bhatta, N. R. Devkota, and R. M. Kunwar. "Climate change adaptation governance in Nepal: a framework for sustainable generation of adaptation services." Banko Janakari 31, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v31i2.41900.
Full textAbstract:
Poverty and high dependency of rural and mountainous households on the natural resources of Nepal have made the country more vulnerable to climate change. On the other hand, there is inadequacy of adaptation services provided to the vulnerable households and ecosystems. Responding to climate change necessitates amore consolidated effort and effective implementation interventions from both the government and non-government actors. To help achieve this very essence, this study has aimed to- (i) review the existing climate change adaptation (CCA) practices, processes and patterns of sustainable resource mobilization and benefit sharing, and (ii) develop a framework that ensures sustainability of resources and equitable sharing of services and benefits accrued from CCA. Consultations with the communities, key state and non-state stakeholders both at federal and provincial levels, reviews of national policies, strategies, periodic plans and programs and field visits were carried out to synthesize the information, document the knowledge, and highlight the gaps pertaining to CCA. Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) was executed for analyzing qualitative information. Recently, the Government of Nepal has developed a priority framework on sustainable resource management and delivery of adaptation services. In line with the eight themes identified by the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP, 2019), the proposed framework has paid central attention on medium and long-term adaptation planning adhered with Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and Community-based Adaptation (CbA). Building resilience, reducing vulnerability, increasing capacities, enabling environment, and integrating CCA in development planning have been the focus of the framework. It is found that the delivery of adaptation services to the climate vulnerable groups and poor communities is well reached out through CbA and EbA approaches. It is therefore, crucial in strengthening community- and locally-based mechanisms (such as forest-user groups, farmers groups, agricultural and fisheries cooperatives, and community networks) for sustainable management and delivery of services to facilitate effective adaptation.
4
Peerzada, Ishtiyak Ahmad, James Chamberlain, Mohan Reddy, Shalini Dhyani, and Somidh Saha. "Policy and Governance Implications for Transition to NTFP-Based Bioeconomy in Kashmir Himalayas." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 11811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111811.
Full textAbstract:
Forests of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) have a rich diversity of valuable non-timber forest products (NTFP) that local communities extract for their sustenance and income. The region is home to over 60% of species recognized for novel bio-medicinal properties in the Indian Himalayas. There is significant national and international demand for these species, providing income and employment for more than 60% of the population of J&K. Despite this, NTFP are not adequately recognized for their contributions to rural livelihoods and the regional economy due to the lack of appropriate policy and governance mechanisms. In this study, we embrace a bioresource vision to examine challenges and opportunities for transition to a sustainable bioeconomy in J&K. Selected NTFP were considered for valuation to showcase their bioeconomy potential using two approaches. First, we used the ‘market price method’ to estimate the contribution of NTFP to the local economy. Second, the ‘maximum willingness to pay method’ was used to project the bioeconomy potential of NTFP in the region. The analysis reveals that local communities’ revenues could increase by as much as 18 times their current price with appropriate actions to include NTFP. However, to realize this potential, policies and governance frameworks based on increased access and benefit sharing with inclusive institutional models would support the transition of the local economy into a bioeconomy. Fostering public–community partnership by improving the local participation of producers and processors in NTFP value chains for overcoming the existing governance barriers is needed.
5
Huynh, Ha Thi Ngan, Lisa Lobry de Bruyn, Julian Prior, and Paul Kristiansen. "Community Participation and Harvesting of Non-Timber Forest Products in Benefit-Sharing Pilot Scheme in Bach Ma National Park, Central Vietnam." Tropical Conservation Science 9, no. 2 (June 2016): 877–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194008291600900218.
Full textAbstract:
Benefit-sharing mechanisms between forest-based communities and governments are a way to meet conservation goals in developing countries, while still allowing forest-based income for local people. In Vietnam, the government implemented a pilot Benefit Sharing Mechanism (BSM) in Special Use Forests (SUFs), to develop a legal framework for sharing the benefits, rights, and responsibilities of forest conservation and management with local communities. One of the pilot areas is in Bach Ma National Park. We examined community involvement in the BSM pilot scheme in SUFs in the buffer zone of Bach Ma National Park located in Thuong Nhat commune, Nam Dong District. Sixty household surveys from two villages were undertaken in 2014. Most households agreed there were benefits, but some reported difficulties. Analysis of harvested non-timber forest products (NTFPs) showed a nearly 30% increase in average household income, based on regulated access to harvesting NTFPs by registered forest users. The difficulties experienced by those involved in the BSM pilot scheme included declining meeting attendance, infrequent meetings, harvested amounts of some NTFPs exceeding those allowed by the Benefit Sharing Arrangement, and forest protection teams failing to detect such irregularities. Finally, we suggest a number of improvements to BSM policies, such as incentives for forest protection team members to be more actively involved in harvest monitoring.
6
Gautam, Ambika P., Krishna B. Bhujel, and Raju Chhetri. "Political Economy of Forest Tenure Reform Implementation in Nepal: The Case of Protected Forests." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 15, no. 1 (September 4, 2017): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v15i1.23089.
Full textAbstract:
Protected forest is a new approach to forest management in Nepal. The programme targets natural forest areas that have high biodiversity, scientific and cultural values but are not covered by the country’s protected area network. So far, eight biodiversity-rich natural forest areas and biological corridors, covering a total area of 133,754.8 hectares (ha) are being managed under this regime, and eight other forests, covering a total area of 194,907.9 ha are in the process of being declared as protected forests in the near future. By reviewing existing literature, policy, legislation and management plans, this paper makes a critical analysis of the protected forest management regime from political economy perspective with special focus on the rights offered to local communities, benefit sharing arrangements and tenure security. Mismatch among the law, policy, and practice; lack of legal clarity on the role, responsibility and authority of stakeholders; unclear benefit sharing arrangement; non-clarity about the rights of non-state right holders; and difference in perceptions of tenure arrangements among the stakeholders are some of the specific issues and challenges related to the management of protected forest. Some other contestations relate to division of authority, and benefits sharing between the government and local communities. There is a need to amend the Forest Act 1993 and Forest Regulations 1995, especially to clarify the legal status of the protected forest council, and address the issues of benefit sharing between the central government and local stakeholders. Another important need relates to adopting a flexible policy and implementation approach to address the contextual differences among different protected forest sites located in different physiographic zones across Nepal.
7
Pham, T. T., M. Moeliono, B. Dwisatrio, J. Yuwono, and S. Atmadja. "REDD+ benefit sharing in Ethiopia: policy and stakeholder perceptions analysis." International Forestry Review 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 476–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821834777170.
Full textAbstract:
Current Ethiopian policies and laws recognize the importance of equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms for natural resource management. The question of 'what is fair' is often unclear in practice. We pursue this question in the context of benefit sharing for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) in Ethiopia. We present findings from interviews conducted in 2017 with 33 national REDD+ actors, and a review of national policies and laws until 2020 to understand Ethiopia's policy and legal framework, and vision for a REDD+ benefit-sharing mechanism. Our findings show that Ethiopia is progressing in developing a benefit-sharing mechanism (BSM) for REDD+. Government policies on benefit sharing are pro-poor with an emphasis on legal rights. Among the various concepts of fairness, more stakeholders agreed that benefits should be shared according to efforts made to reduce deforestation and forest degradation rather than being based on poverty or legal rights. Left unattended, we believe this divergence of opinion on 'what is fair' opens the potential for questions regarding the legitimacy of the REDD+ BSM among stakeholders in general and can pose practical implementation challenges. We suggest that establishing open dialogue, learning mechanisms and inclusive processes can lead to regulations, policies and procedures that clarify and harmonize the different views on fairness over time.
8
Arya, S., and Pankaj Panwar. "Evaluating repercussion of new benefit sharing mechanism in Joint Forest Management: A case study of Haryana." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-b2rl0w.
Full textAbstract:
Haryana Forest Department (HFD) was pioneer in implementing Joint Forest Management (JFM) in 1990. Benefit sharing under JFM was key for which people participated in the programme. In a span of eight years number of Hill Resource Management Societies (HRMS) were established and became self-sustaining through the income generated by sale of Bhabbar (Eulaliopsis binata) and other activities. However, in 1998 HFD came out with a new sharing system of the produce obtained from JFM activities. In the new system HRMS had a share of only 45% of the total revenue generated. Most of the HRMS collapsed post 1998 due to lack of sufficient income. Repercussion of introduction of new sharing system on existence of HRMS and on forest resources was analysed. It was found that the new sharing system is detrimental for the existence of HRMS. Forests established with the cooperation of people are no more managed by the people as a result fire incidences have increased in the Bhabbar yielding forest post 1998 JFM resolution
9
Bhattarai, B. P., R. M. Kunwar, and R. Kc. "Forest certification and FSC standard initiatives in collaborative forest management system in Nepal." International Forestry Review 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554819827906852.
Full textAbstract:
The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) principles and criteria have been implemented in over 80 community forests in Nepal over the last decade. However, the total size of community forests certified under the FSC certification is relatively small (0.1% of the total area of the country), which limits the overall benefits they can provide to the surrounding communities. The national government has instituted the Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) initiative to maintain forest connectivity and give local communities jurisdiction over the nearby forests that they and their ancestor have lived with and managed for many generations. The CFM policies strive to ensure the restoration of large and continuous patches of forest, equitable benefit sharing of forest products and good governance, yet these policies do not certify the forests as sustainably managed, and thus cannot provide increased prices on the international market for products from these forests. Two collaborative forests were assessed in the Tarai region of Nepal to understand how well these community managed forests already follow the FSC principles and where changes must be made for these forests to be certified in the future. Field observations were undertaken, focus group discussions held, and semi-structured interviews carried out in order to understand current management practices in these two collaborative managed forests. Findings showed that the CFM helped improve biodiversity and benefit sharing from the forest amongst the wide range of communities. Collaboratively managed forests and FSC principles were shown to have complementary objectives: to sustain forests, strengthen forest governance and conserve indigenous species and knowledge, and it is argued that these plans can be synchronized for the benefit of both forests and people.
10
Shrestha, Shusan, Gyan Bandhu Sharma, and Subodh Bhattarai. "People's Participation in Community Forest Management." International Journal of Science and Society 4, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 456–578. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i2.468.
Full textAbstract:
The proposed study introduced the "People's Participation in Community Forest Management". This study was conducted on community forest of the central part of Nepal in Sindhuli district. The main objective of this study was to assess the participation of users group in forest management activities, decision making, benefit sharing mechanism and finding the factors that effect on people's participation. Primary data was collected through preliminary survey, questionnaire survey, focus group discussion and key informant survey. Secondary data was collected from concerned Division Forest Office (DFO), CFUGs operational plan, constitution of CFUGs, minutes, and documents from local government and non-government organizations. The qualitative and quantitative data was analysed using statistical packages SPSS, MS Excel. For qualitative analysis descriptive methods were used and the result was presented in different charts, tables and graphs. From the study, participation of forest users' group was high on forest product collection and distribution and low in plantation in forest management activities, decision making process satisfactory and benefit sharing mechanism was transparent and factors affecting for the participation of users' group was illiteracy and busy in farming. Therefore, this study is supportive for all who work for the improvement of users’ group participation in the community forest management.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forest benefit sharing approaches"
1
Guthiga, Paul Maina. "Economic assessment of different management approaches of a Kenyan rain forest cost benefit and local community satisfaction analysis." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988881209/04.
Full text
2
Poudel, Tirtha Raj Raywadee Roachanakanan. "Relationship between household's economic status and benefit sharing in community forest user group : a case study in Tal Danda community forest user group, Tanahun District of Nepal /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd386/4737902.pdf.
Full text
3
Ott, Cécile Chantal. "Exploitation forestière et droits des populations locales et autochtones en Afrique centrale (Cameroun, Congo, Congo RDC et Gabon)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30047.
Full textAbstract:
Les forêts du Cameroun, du Congo, du Congo RCD et du Gabon regorgent d’énormes ressources. Plusieurs potentialités sont offertes à ces pays par la richesse et la diversité de la faune, la flore, l’exploitation des ressources du sous-sol, du bois et des produits forestiers non ligneux. L’exploitation forestière de ces ressources pourrait être un moyen efficace pour l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations locales et autochtones qui dépendent de ces forêts. Toutefois, malgré les mécanismes juridiques, politiques et économiques mis en place par les différents gouvernements, la participation des populations à la gestion des forêts reste très relative. La promotion et la protection de leurs droits sociaux et économiques demeurent aussi problématiquesThe forests of Cameroon, Congo, CongoRCD and Gabon are full of enormous resources. Several possibilities are available to these countries by the richness and diversity of fauna, flora, exploitation of resources underground resources, wood and non wood forest products. Logging of these resources could be an effective means of improving the living conditions of local and indigenous people who depend on these forests. However, despite the legal, political and economic setup by different governments, people's participation in forest management is very relative. The promotion and protection of their social and economic rights also remain problematic
4
Agyei, Kwame. "The implications of Land Tenure and Benefit Sharing Approaches on the REDD+ scheme for forest fringe communities in Ghana." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9541.
Full textAbstract:
One essential component of global efforts on climate change mitigation is the incentive-based mechanism that seeks to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and also enhances forest carbon stocks through sustainable forest management in developing countries (the REDD+ scheme). There are other potential co-benefits associated with the REDD+ scheme which include biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation and enhancement of rural livelihoods. A clear challenge for the REDD+ scheme is that if its implementation should be deemed as successful, the various drivers of deforestation should be addressed whereas the rights of local or forest fringe communities to forest resources should concurrently not be compromised. This research uses Ghana as a case to explore the implications of the introduction of the REDD+ scheme for forest fringe communities.
The study employs land tenure and benefit sharing issues as the conceptual framework to answer the research question: ‘How should a national REDD+ scheme for Ghana be designed to maximise benefits to forest fringe communities?’ The study is based on a review of relevant literature including government documents and academic literature as well as interviews with ten key informants from the REDD+ Steering Committee of Ghana, NGOs, land administrators, academia and the forest fringe communities.
The findings of the research indicate that Ghana’s land tenure arrangement is pluralistic and unclear involving both customary and statutory arrangements. Additionally, statutory provisions for sharing of benefits from forest resources in Ghana generally exclude forest fringe communities. Consequently, the rights of forest fringe communities in Ghana have not been fully recognised in the management of forest resources. However, under the REDD+ scheme preparatory process, Ghana has engaged forest fringe communities as key stakeholders for the scheme in general and for specific components such as the development of a benefit sharing framework for the scheme.
This paper suggests that the participatory approach adopted in the REDD+ readiness phase of Ghana could build genuine support from forest fringe communities if there is strong political will to initiate reforms in the forestry sector that will legally recognise the rights of forest fringe communities and thereby make these communities shareholders of the scheme.
5
Guthiga, Paul Maina [Verfasser]. "Economic assessment of different management approaches of Kakamega Forest in Kenya : cost-benefit and local community satisfaction analysis / von Paul Maina Guthiga." 2007. http://d-nb.info/987348426/34.
Full text
6
Pengelly, Ryan D. "Developing and commercializing non-timber forest products: an Anishinaabe perspective from Pikangikum First Nation, Northwestern Ontario." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4933.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to understand an indigenous perspective on the development and commercialization of non-timber forest products, such as medicines and foods, in Pikangikum First Nation, Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Framed by a research agreement between Pikangikum First Nation and the University of Manitoba, this collaborative research was based on participant observation, field trips, semi-structured interviews, and community workshops. The appropriate development and commercialization of Anishinaabe mushkeekeeh (medicine) and meecheem (food) requires the guidance of community Elders, Anishinaabe knowledge, and traditional teachings. The community is cautiously interested in developing collaborative, diligent, and culturally respectful partnerships that interface knowledge systems. Benefit sharing means the joint ownership of intellectual property and financial benefits, developing employment and capacity-building opportunities for community members, and planning products for community use. This thesis offers a community perspective on how NTFPs might be researched, developed and commercialized in joint and mutually beneficial partnerships with a First Nation.
Books on the topic "Forest benefit sharing approaches"
1
Qaddumi, Halla. Practical Approaches to Transboundary Water Benefit Sharing. Overseas Development Institute, 2008.
Find full text
2
Lenette, Caroline. Participatory Action Research. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197512456.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Participatory Action Research (PAR) models are increasingly used in disciplines such as social sciences and health to actively engage people with lived experiences as co-researchers and act on findings to improve their lives. In recent years, the potential of PAR to yield meaningful benefits via collaborative research activities with people who are multiply marginalized and excluded from dominant forms of knowledge production has gained more recognition. This rise in popularity calls for in-depth discussions about contemporary methodological issues and taken-for-granted principles that can yield tokenistic outcomes and ethical dilemmas. What do genuine participation and research co-production look like when co-researchers are actively involved in data collection, analysis, and sharing? How do we address ethical issues when projects and relationships become problematic and messy? In addition to answering these questions, this book repositions PAR as an intersectional decolonial methodology and an effective tool to disrupt harmful western or Eurocentric research frameworks in favor of approaches such as Indigenous PAR. It outlines how intersectional feminist principles enrich PAR and honor diverse gender expressions to address enduring inequalities rather than reinforce colonial, elitist, and transphobic notions of feminism. The discussion on influencing policymaking using PAR findings points to the importance of effective knowledge translation plans and intersectional feminist policy analysis frameworks. Using reflexive vignettes from diverse participatory researchers, this book provides practical and conceptual insights into the politics of PAR and its potential to yield new possibilities for individual, community, and policy change when participatory approaches are used in collaborative and ethical ways.
3
Caselli, Tommaso, Eduard Hovy, Martha Palmer, and Piek Vossen, eds. Computational Analysis of Storylines. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108854221.
Full textAbstract:
Event structures are central in Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence research: people can easily refer to changes in the world, identify their participants, distinguish relevant information, and have expectations of what can happen next. Part of this process is based on mechanisms similar to narratives, which are at the heart of information sharing. But it remains difficult to automatically detect events or automatically construct stories from such event representations. This book explores how to handle today's massive news streams and provides multidimensional, multimodal, and distributed approaches, like automated deep learning, to capture events and narrative structures involved in a 'story'. This overview of the current state-of-the-art on event extraction, temporal and casual relations, and storyline extraction aims to establish a new multidisciplinary research community with a common terminology and research agenda. Graduate students and researchers in natural language processing, computational linguistics, and media studies will benefit from this book.
Book chapters on the topic "Forest benefit sharing approaches"
1
Kazana, Vassiliki, Lambros Tsourgiannis, Valasia Iakovoglou, Christos Stamatiou, Angelos Kazaklis, Paraskevi Koutsona, Dimitrios Raptis, et al. "Approaches and Tools for a Socio-economic Assessment of GM Forest Tree Crops: Factors for Consideration in Cost–Benefit Analyses." In Biosafety of Forest Transgenic Trees, 209–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7531-1_11.
Full text
2
Muchunku, Charles, and Georg Heinemann. "Identifying Effective Electrification Approaches and Combinations Thereof to Meet Universal Electricity Access Targets in Eastern Africa." In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection, 177–232. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_9.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe gains made in increasing electricity access between 2010 and 2018 indicate the benefit of a multi-pronged approach to electrification, which combines on-grid and off-grid electrification approaches and efforts from both public and private actors. The gains still fall short of the rate of increase needed to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030, indicating the need to increase the effectiveness of the multi-pronged approach. To do this the paper applies the triple embeddedness framework theory. Within the scope of Eastern Africa, we consider actors in the delivery of electricity access (irrespective of approach or whether public or private) as delivering similar goods and services, and conceptualize them as a collective entity i.e., firms in the electrification industry. The paper then analyses how these firms are shaped by the industry regime and influenced by the socio-political and economic environments, with a view to identifying where and how external pressure can be exerted to stimulate and facilitate the reorientation and recreation required to make progress towards universal electricity access. Through this exercise we demonstrate that the triple embeddedness framework provides a structured way of laying out the key aspects associated with electrification to create a picture that enables one to ‘see the forest for the trees’ and identify where and how to achieve more effective complementarity between on and off-grid approaches, and public and private firms.
3
Valatin, Gregory. "Forest Green Infrastructure and the Carbon Storage and Substitution Benefits of Harvested Wood Products." In Ecological Research Monographs, 443–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_26.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractForest Green Infrastructure (FGI) provides society with a wide range of benefits. Significant climate change mitigation benefits arise outside the forest associated with the use of harvested wood products. These include both carbon storage in wood products and carbon substitution benefits associated with the use of wood instead of more fossil energy-intensive materials such as concrete and steel, or of fossil fuels in energy production. This chapter considers the potential of extending coverage of the UK Woodland Carbon Code to the carbon benefits of wood products associated with woodland creation projects. It builds on previous approaches to including the carbon benefits of harvested wood products under existing carbon market standards. The key recommendations include (1) exploring ways of allocating carbon units between woodland owners and wood users that provide incentives to increase the quality and supply of timber, the carbon storage and substitution benefits per unit of wood, as well as the overall benefit to society; (2) consideration of potential double-counting issues and how these can be minimized; and (3) investigating rebound and leakage effects, which affect by how much fossil fuel use in the economy changes as a result of increased woodfuel use. Depending on the management system and species used, woodland creation projects involving wood harvesting may increase overall carbon benefits once carbon storage and substitution benefits have been accounted for particularly over multiple rotations. Further work would be required to assess whether average and generic values of carbon storage and substitution benefits could be incorporated into the UK Woodland Carbon Code’s project-level accounting and impacts on the levels of carbon credits that could then be claimed.
4
Hendriks, Sheryl, Jean-François Soussana, Martin Cole, Andrew Kambugu, and David Zilberman. "Ensuring Access to Safe and Nutritious Food for All Through the Transformation of Food Systems." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 31–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAction Track 1 of the Food Systems Summit offers an opportunity to bring together the crucial elements of food safety, nutrition, poverty and inequalities in the framework of food systems within the context of climate and environmental change to ensure that all people have access to a safe and nutritious diet. Achieving Action Track 1’s goal is essential to achieving the goals of the other Action Tracks. With less than a decade left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), most countries are not on a course to hit either the World Health Organisation’s nutrition targets or the SDG 2 targets. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated malnutrition and highlighted the need for food safety. The pandemic has also exposed the deep inequalities in both food systems and societies as a whole. Nonetheless, future food systems can address many of these failings and ensure safe and nutritious food for all. However, structural change is necessary to address the socio-economic drivers behind malnutrition, inequalities and the climate and environmental impacts of food. Adopting a whole-system approach in policy, research and monitoring and evaluation is crucial for managing trade-off and externalities from farm-level to national scales and across multiple sectors and agencies. Supply chain failures will need to be overcome and technology solutions adopted and adapted to specific contexts. A transformation of food systems requires coordinating changes in supply and demand in differentiated ways across world regions: bridging yield gaps and improving livestock feed conversion, largely through agro-ecological practices, deploying soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation at scale, and reducing food loss and waste, as well as addressing over-nourishment and shifting the diets of wealthy populations. The sustainability of global food systems also requires halting the expansion of agriculture into fragile ecosystems, while restoring degraded forests, fisheries, rangelands, peatlands and wetlands. Shifting to more sustainable consumption and production patterns within planetary boundaries will require efforts to influence food demand and diets, diversify food systems, and develop careful land-use planning and management. Integrative policies need to ensure that food prices reflect real costs (including major externalities caused by climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss, and the public health impacts of malnutrition), reduce food waste and, at the same time, ensure the affordability of safe and healthy food and decent incomes and wages for farmers and food system workers. The harnessing of science and technology solutions and the sharing of actionable knowledge with all players in the food system offer many opportunities. Greater coordination of food system stakeholders is crucial for greater inclusion, greater transparency and more accountability. Sharing lessons and experiences will foster adaptive learning and responsive actions. Careful consideration of the trade-offs, externalities and costs of not acting is needed to ensure that the changes we make benefit all, and especially the most vulnerable in society.
5
Fur, Ondine Le, Marielle Jappiot, and Pierre Dérioz. "A Landscape Mediation on WUI fires to develop collective knowledge and prevention actions at the local community level." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 488–93. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_75.
Full textAbstract:
The WUI expansion and climates changes are causing an increasing number of dramatic consequences on the socio-ecosystem in Southern Europe. In France, to reduce the fire threat to infrastructure and human lives, a specific prevention policy provides for many regulatory measures to address forest fire risk in urban planning and forest management. This approach to assessing risk is highly technical and hazard-centred. The shortcomings are the difficulty in appropriating the issue for those who do not have this standardised approach and legitimise less attention paid to individual and collective practices having an effect on vulnerability. Our research focuses on landscape as a means of analysing the representation of forest fire risk by local stakeholder groups. According to the European Landscape Convention, landscape is defined as 'an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors...'. Landscape therefore has both a factual and a subjective value. As an intermediary tool, the landscape allows an inclusive dialogue between various stakeholders since it belongs to the common register and does not have an immediate scientific connotation (Derioz, 2008). On this background, we develop a landscape mediation on forest fire risk to analyse how can landscape help to build a shared risk knowledge in local communities. Landscape mediation is an engineering of public involvement applied to the landscape which eases mobilising stakeholder experience and feelings in territorial diagnostic and spatial planning (Paradis, 2010). We experiment the benefits of landscape mediation to develop a local risk culture by using a case study in Martigues city in the south-east of France. The study site is subject to strong development pressure due to its proximity to the Aix-Marseille Provence metropolitan area, is located nearby two forested areas - Côte Bleue and Castillon forests - which are regularly affected by fires, and has a scattered residential area and therefore a relatively large WUI zone. The landscape mediation project consists of two stages. In spring 2022, residents of the study site are invited to participate in a walking tour through their living area. Using a booklet, the participants assess the characteristics of the landscape and describe the uses of the WUI and its associated fire risk attributes. A collective risk knowledge emerges from sharing contrasting feelings and opinions on WUI and ways to limit vulnerability individually and collectively. In a second stage, the participants present their landscape diagnostic and their views and concerns on forest fire risk prevention management to a group of local stakeholders representative of spatial planning and forest fire risk experts. The diversity of thought reveals new ideas that benefit spatial planning initiatives. This landscape mediation is a collaborative approach to increase public acceptance of forest fire management placing the inhabitant in a collective consideration of vulnerability reduction in his living area. The research helps sharing residents' perceptions of forest fire with decision-makers and fire risk experts to better understand how the community influences action or inaction on forest fire risk prevention management.
6
Tamasang, Christopher F. "Chapter 6: Forests, forest rights, benefit-sharing and climate change implications under Cameroonian law." In Law | Environment | Africa, 137–64. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845294605-137.
Full text
7
Rossmann, Juergen, Martin Hoppen, and Arno Buecken. "GML-Based nD Data Management With a Big Geo Data Semantic World Modeling Approach." In Contemporary Strategies and Approaches in 3-D Information Modeling, 191–223. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5625-1.ch008.
Full textAbstract:
3D simulation applications benefit from realistic and exact forest models. They range from training simulators like flight or harvester simulators to economic and ecological simulations for tree growth or succession. The nD forest simulation and information system integrates the necessary methods for data extraction, modeling, and management of highly realistic models. Using semantic world modeling, tree data can efficiently be extracted from remote sensing data – even for very large areas. Data is modeled using a GML-based modeling language and a flexible data management approach is integrated to provide caching, persistence, a central communication hub, and a versioning mechanism. Combining various simulation techniques and data versioning, the nD forest simulation and information system can provide applications with historic 3D data in multiple time dimensions (hence nD) as well as with predicted data based on simulations.
8
McIntyre, Owen. "New Approaches for International Water Resources." In Our Earth Matters. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/stal210018.
Full textAbstract:
As a body of rules and a basis for inter-State cooperative practice, international water law suffers from certain important shortcomings. Most significantly, it is characterised by substantive normative indeterminacy, and from related deficiencies in its associated procedural and institutional frameworks, which retard its progressive development and limit its capacity to respond to the looming challenges of the impending global water crisis. Though it has evolved progressively in recent years to incorporate a far-reaching obligation upon watercourse States to adopt an ecosystem approach to the management of shared watercourses, this very development highlights international water law’s systemic difficulty in accommodating water management techniques which are critically important to effective implementation of such an approach and, ultimately, to addressing the water crisis. Such techniques, with which international water law struggles, include multi-faceted benefit-sharing, adaptive management, and public and stakeholder participation. The latter two are considered essential for implementation of an ecosystem approach, while the former comprises a cooperative technique facilitated by an ecosystem approach, by means of which watercourse States might eliminate inefficiencies and ensure optimal utilisation of shared water resources. These problems illustrate the urgent imperative of continuing to develop and refine, if not completely reimagine, the rules of international water law.
9
Joshi, Dhaval, and Raj Rath. "Experimental Research Approaches for Mobile UX in Emerging Markets." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 128–38. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4446-5.ch007.
Full textAbstract:
Mobile devices and services have changed the way people interact around the world, especially in the resource-constrained parts of developing countries. A growing number of professionals, students, and organizations show interest in understanding the user population in these regions to create solutions that address their needs. In this chapter, the authors aim to share and discuss their experiences and experiments designed to understand these user needs by using a more locally relevant and playful approach. The primary objective is to sensitize the readers about various challenges that a researcher working in this domain might face while trying to gather and understand the user behavior and their responses; and to try to explore tailor-made methods to overcome those challenges while undertaking studies in these regions. The authors’ intent is to benefit the entire fraternity by sharing these experiences, and making them aware of the possible problems in incorporating traditional research methods in developing nations.
10
Anderson, Kenneth H., and William Muirhead. "Blending Storytelling with Technology in the Professional Development of Police Officers." In Cases on Formal and Informal E-Learning Environments, 143–65. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1930-2.ch008.
Full textAbstract:
Policing is a storytelling profession. Storytelling is a linguistic medium for the sharing of experiences, values, and culture. Organizations have a need to promote the sharing of experiences from senior to junior members. Organizations desire to ensure that proper values and culture are reinforced during this sharing process. Technology affords a tool for the sharing, and for the mediation of what is shared. This study focuses on a case where technology was used for the direct sharing of experiences. This sharing was done through the use of storytelling in the form of video presentations delivered in an e-learning course. Participants viewing these videos reported feeling a sense of engagement and immersion in the experiences of the teller. Participants reported that stories aid their retention and recall of the content of them. Other storytelling professions will benefit from using similar approaches.
Conference papers on the topic "Forest benefit sharing approaches"
1
Li, Yunpeng, and Utpal Roy. "A STEP-Based Approach Toward Cooperative Product Design for Sustainability." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34510.
Full textAbstract:
Industries often employ heterogeneous computer aided tools (CAD/CAE/CAM) to carry out complex product designs and simulations resulting in a need for data sharing, data exchange, and computational activities. Nowadays the concept of “Design for Sustainability (DfS)” heightens this challenge, as most DfS approaches especially the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) involve large amounts of data collection, sharing and computation tasks throughout the product life cycle. ISO 10303, also known as STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data), has evolved for several decades and provides a set of standards for industrial automation systems and integration. In this paper, we propose a STEP-based collaborative framework to integrate heterogeneous CAD tools, LCA tools and other necessary computational tools to support cooperative product design for sustainability. The geometric information from CAD tools and the material/process information from material/process databases are formally represented in suitable STEP application protocols (APs). An agent is implemented to parse the geometric and non-geometric information encoded in STEP data format, and compose them into a complete product tree represented with a NIST CPM (Core Product Model) based information model. The information in the product tree is then evaluated by a LCA tool to obtain environmental impact score. The feasibility and benefits of the proposed methodology have been illustrated with a typical stapler product.
2
Mirkouei, Amin, Bishal Silwal, and Lawrence Ramiscal. "Enhancing Economic and Environmental Sustainability Benefits Across the Design and Manufacturing of Medical Devices: A Case Study of Ankle Foot Orthosis." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68427.
Full textAbstract:
Government and societal interests in additive manufacturing have increased scrutiny on process analysis, cross-cutting sustainability, and integrated decision-making methods to address commercialization and sustainability challenges. One of the key challenges is the absence of standardized metrics to assess design parameters and manufacturing practices. The primary objective of this research is to create a knowledge-based multi-criteria decision-making framework for enhancing sustainability across the design and fabrication of medical devices. The motivation behind this study lies in the inherent limitations of the existing methods. The proposed framework herein improves the traditional approaches by integrating extensive sharing of information and feedback among all design and manufacturing steps, and consequently coupling the economic and environmental sustainability dimensions. The framework includes sets of qualitative (e.g., data processing and design analysis) and quantitative (e.g., build time and energy use analyses) methods to assess transforming the raw material into optimal and sustainable final products. As an application of this study, optimal and sustainable approaches for the developing and competitive market of Orthotic and Prosthetic, particularly Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO), is examined. Decision makers, such as managers and manufacturers, will benefit from the integrated methods in the proposed framework. The results indicate the framework offers a promising approach to address existing sustainability challenges in the AFO industry.
3
Upshall, Ian. "The British Radwaste Information Management System (BRIMS)." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4808.
Full textAbstract:
The creation and subsequent access to accurate information is widely accepted as a vital component of a national radioactive waste management strategy. Information on the origin and quantity of the waste together with its physical, chemical and radiological characteristics provides a catalyst for sound and transparent decision making. This information will originate from a number of potentially disparate sources, including material manufacturers, facility operators, waste producers, Government and Non-Government organisations and regulators. The challenge to those with a role in information management in further increased by the fact that much of the information created is required to support activities, not only in the immediate future, but also in the longer-term — typically many decades or even centuries. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has published a number of guidance documents under the Safety Series, one of which makes direct reference to information management. The document [1] is intended to assist Member States in the development of a national system for radioactive waste management and identifies the key responsibilities and essential features of such a system. The following statement appears in Section 5: “The regulatory body, the waste generators and the operators of radioactive waste management facilities should maintain documentation and records consistent with the legal requirements and their own needs.” An essential requirement of these ‘documents and records’ is that they should be “...kept in a condition that will enable them to be consulted and understood later by people different from, and possibly without reference to, those who generated the records ...” The scope of the documentation and records to be kept will be wide ranging but will include “...an inventory of radioactive waste, including origin, location, physical and chemical characteristics, and, as appropriate a record of radioactive waste removed or discharged from a facility”, and “site plans, engineering drawings, specifications and process descriptions ... radioactive waste package identification ...”. It is has long been recognised in the United Kingdom that the management of radioactive waste will require the assembly and secure retention of a diversity of records and data. This information will be needed to inform the strategic decision making process, thus contributing to the future safe, environmentally sound and publicly acceptable management of radioactive waste. In the meantime it will also service the nation’s international commitments. When the planning application for a Rock Characterisation Facility (RCF) was refused and the subsequent Nirex appeal rejected in 1997, it was recognised that transfer of waste to a national repository was ulikely to take place for many decades. The long-term preservation of information by the waste management organisations thus became an issue. Since this time, the UK nuclear industry, including the waste producers, regulators and other Government Departments have worked together to develop a common information management system that is now being implemented. It is based on an Oracle database and is supported by ‘electronic tools’ designed to facilitate entry and retrieval of data in a common format. Long-term access to these data underpins many aspects of the system design. Designing such a system and seeing through its development has been a challenge for all those involved. However, as the project nears the completion of the development phase, it is clear there are several benefits in this approach. These include a sharing of best practice, shared development costs, an improved understanding of the needs of all parties, and the use of a common platform and tools. The ‘partnership approach’ between waste management organisations, Government departments and regulators will also reduce the likelihood of future surprises or conflicts of interest. Industry-wide co-operation also provides a greater degree of confidence that the system will continue to enjoy technical and financial support for the foreseeable future. The British Radwaste Information Management System (BRIMS) is supported by the principal waste producers, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII) and United Kingdom Nirex Limited (Nirex). All organisations that have participated in its development over the past seven years have free access to it and may use it as part of their waste management strategy.
4
Nastasia, Iuliana, and Romain Rives. "Occupational health and safety and sustainable return to work management in small and medium-sized enterprises." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002653.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe sustainable retention of workers after a work-related injury poses particular challenges for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although studies on SMEs have multiplied over the past 30 years and some of them have led to the emergence of new concepts and theories in occupational health and safety (OHS), little is known about what can be done in SMEs to improve the OHS management of absences caused by work-related injuries. The objective of this presentation will be to overview strategical elements (resources, structures, activities) that could also benefit to the sustainable return-to work (SRTW).MethodA scoping review (Levac et al. 2010) on OHS management in SMEs was conducted in a reflective, iterative and collaborative manner. The methodological approach includes searching for relevant publications from the 2000 year in scientific (e.g., SCOPUS, ProQuest) and non-scientific (e.g., NHSE, NIOSH) databases, combining several key concepts related to OHS management and SRTW. Criteria for the selection of the studies were: 1) focus on OHS management, generally (review), or empirically (workplace intervention study); 2) focus on SMEs globally or in a specific context (size of enterprise, sectors of activities). Two reviewers using an iterative consensus-based approach performed article selection, extraction of data, and analyses.ResultsThree groups of strategic elements are beneficial for OHS management in SME: diffusion of information, support to implement integrative adapted systems of management and training programs, and especially designed for SME or intermediaries.Diffusion of information about legislation for SMEs, and guidelines for compliance with regulations, provide SME motivation and resources to intervene on the proper factors on SRTW. External support to OSH interventions, provided by control authorities, associations and networks of companies, and external consultants allow sharing knowledge and OSH-related resources, promoting best practices in SME. The availability of knowledge of effective OSH interventions could also help to replication or adaptation in particular contexts of SME, helping the achievement of proper conditions for SRTW. This kind of collaborative support to SME, combined with the continual engagement of employers and communication between management and employees and among employees, play an essential role in all phases of preventive or corrective interventions. Finally, training programs specially designed for SMEs foster interventions by increasing the awareness and the knowledge of the personnel, who are more motivated to intervene or correctly behave. DiscussionOverall, the strategies, resources, structures and activities in the SME, seem to be specific to the legislation in place and the different levels of actions. Even if generally they do not explicitly have an aim to promote sustainable retention of workers after a work-related injury, they present some opportunities to do so, modalities being different depending on the size of enterprise, and the level of risk of work activities in the sector. The results of this scoping review provide input for methodological and conceptual thinking for future policies or programs, as well as some information about integration of SRTW to OHS approaches and intervention modalities.
5
أبو الحسن اسماعيل, علاء. "Assessing the Political Ideology in the Excerpts Cited from the Speeches and Resolutions of the Former Regime After the Acts of Genocide." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/2.
Full textAbstract:
If killing a single person is considered as a major crime that forbidden by Sharia and law at the international level and at the level of all religions and divine legislation, so what about the concept of genocide!! Here, not just an individual with a weak influence on society is killed, but thousands of individuals, that means an entire nation, a future, energy and human and intellectual capabilities that can tip the scales, and on the other hand, broken and half-dead hearts are left behind from the horrific scenes of killing they witnessed before their eyes, moreover, the massacres of genocide continues to excrete its remnants and consequences for long years and for successive generations, and it may generate grudges of revenge among generations that did not receive the adequate awareness and psychological support which are necessary to rehabilitate these generations to benefit from the tragedies and bitter experiences of life to turn them into lessons and incentives to achieve progress and advancement. Genocide is a deadly poison whose toxic effect extends from generations to others unless it is wisely controlled. Here the role of the international community and its legal, legislative and humanitarian stance from these crimes is so important and supportive. Genocide can be occurred on two levels: external and internal. As for genocide on the external level: this is what happened at the hands of foreign powers against a certain people for colonial and expansionist goals in favor of the occupier or usurper. There are many examples throughout history, such as the Ottoman and British occupations...etc Whereas genocide at the internal level, can be defined as the repressive actions that governments practice against their own people for goals that could be extremist, racist or dictatorial, such as t ""Al-Anfal"" massacre in 1988 carried out by the previous regime against the Kurds in the Kurdistan region. The number of victims amounted at one hundred thousand martyrs, most of them were innocent and unarmed people from children, women and the elderly, and also the genocide which was practiced against of the organizers of Al-Shaibania Revolution in 1991 was another example of genocide in the internal level. It is possible to deduce a third level between the external and internal levels, which is the genocide that is done at the hands of internal elements from the people of the country, but in implementation of external agendas, for example, the scenes of organized and systematic sectarian killing that we witnessed daily during (2007) and (2008), followed by dozens of bloody explosions in various regions throughout the capital, which unfortunately was practiced by the people of the country who were misguided elements in order to destabilize the security of the country and we did not know until this moment in favor of which external party!! In the three aforementioned cases, nothing can justify the act of killing or genocide, but in my personal opinion, I see that genocide at the hands of foreign forces is less drastic effects than the genocides that done at the hands of internal forces that kill their own people to impose their control and to defense their survival, from the perspective of ""the survival for the strongest, the most criminal and the most dictatorial. The matter which actually dragged the country into the abyss and the ages of darkness and ignorance. As for the foreign occupier, he remains an occupier, and it is so natural for him to be resentful and spiteful and to keep moving with the bragging theory of that (the end justifies the means) and usurping lands illegally, but perhaps recently the occupier has begun to exploit loopholes in international laws and try to gain the support of the international community and international organizations to prove the legitimacy of what has no legitimacy, in the end to achieve goals which pour into the interest of the occupiers' country and from the principle of building the happiness and well-being of the occupiers' people at the expense of the misery and injustice of other peoples!! This remains absolutely dehumanizing societal crime, but at least it has a positive side, which is maximizing economic resources and thus achieving the welfare of a people at the expense of seizing the wealth of the occupied country. This remains the goal of the occupier since the beginning of creation to this day, but today the occupation associated with the horrific and systematic killing has begun to take a new template by framing the ugliness of the crime with humanitarian goals and the worst, to exploit religion to cover their criminal acts. A good example of this is the genocide that took place at the hands of the terrorist organization ISIS, that contradictory organization who adopted the religion which forbids killing and considers it as one of the greatest sins as a means to practice the most heinous types of killing that contemporary history has witnessed!! The ""Spiker"" and ""Sinjar"" massacres in 2014 are the best evidence of this duality in the ideology of this terrorist organization. We may note that the more we advance in time, the more justification for the crimes of murder and genocide increases. For example, we all know the first crimes of genocide represented by the fall of Baghdad at the hands of the Mongol leader ""Hulagu"" in 1258. At that time, the crimes of genocide did not need justification, as they were practiced openly and insolently for subversive, barbaric and criminal goals!! The question here imposes itself: why were the crimes of genocide in the past practiced openly and publicly without need to justify the ugliness of the act? And over time, the crimes of genocide began to be framed by pretexts to legitimize what is prohibited, and to permit what is forbidden!! Or to clothe brutality and barbarism in the patchwork quilt of humanity?? And with this question, crossed my mind the following ""Aya"" from the Glorious Quran (and do not kill the soul that God has forbidden except in the right) , this an explicit ""Aya"" that prohibits killing and permits it only in the right, through the use of the exception tool (except) that permits what coming after it . But the"" right"" that God describes in the glorious Quran has been translated by the human tongues into many forms and faces of falsehood!! Anyway, expect the answer of this controversial question within the results of this study. This study will discuss the axis of (ideologies of various types and genocide), as we will analyze excerpts from the speeches of the former regime that were announced on the local media after each act of genocide or purification, as the former regime described at that time, but the difference in this study is that the analysis will be according to a scientific and thoughtful approach which is far from the personal ideology of the researcher. The analysis will be based on a model proposed by the contemporary Dutch scientist ""Teun A. Van Dijk"". Born in 1943, ""Van Dijk"" is a distinguished scholar and teaching in major international universities. He has authored many approved books as curricula for teaching in the field of linguistics and political discourse analysis. In this study, Van Dijk's Model will be adopted to analyze political discourse ideologies according to forty-one criteria. The analysis process will be conducted in full transparency and credibility in accordance with these criteria without imposing the researcher's personal views. This study aims to shed light on the way of thinking that the dictatorial regimes adopt to impose their existence by force against the will of the people, which can be used to develop peoples' awareness to understand and analyze political statements in a scientific way away from the inherited ideologies imposed by customs, clan traditions, religion, doctrine and nationalism. With accurate scientific diagnosis, we put our hand on the wounds. So we can cure them and also remove the scars of these wounds. This is what we seek in this study, diagnosis and therefore suggesting the suitable treatment "
Reports on the topic "Forest benefit sharing approaches"
1
S., Assembe-Mvondo, Wong G., Loft L., and Tjajadi J.S. Comparative assessment of forest revenue redistribution mechanisms in Cameroon: Lessons for REDD+ benefit sharing. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005738.
Full text
2
Corriveau-Bourque, Alexandre, Fernanda Almeida, and Alain Frechette. Uncertainty and Opportunity: The Status of Forest Carbon Rights and Governance Frameworks in Over Half of the World’s Tropical Forests. Rights and Resources Initiative, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/fnpn5361.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the world’s remaining tropical forests lie in areas that are customarily managed and/or legally owned by Indigenous Peoples and local communities. In the context of climate change and global efforts to protect and enhance the capacity of forests to capture and store greenhouse gas emissions, the question of who owns the trees and the carbon stored therein is paramount. Clarifying this question is crucial, both for the future of the planet, and for up to 1.7 billion people worldwide who rely on forests for their livelihoods. This brief presents a review of the nominal progress made in the national-level laws and regulations that govern the carbon trade and define the rights of parties —across a sample of 24 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. These countries collectively hold more than 50 percent of global tropical and subtropical forests. This brief also examines the design and establishment of safeguard mechanisms concerning benefit sharing, providing redress and resolution to disputes related to carbon-based schemes, and the operationalization of carbon registries for each of these countries.
3
Riley, Brad. Scaling up: Renewable energy on Aboriginal lands in north west Australia. Nulungu Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/nrp/2021.6.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines renewable energy developments on Aboriginal lands in North-West Western Australia at three scales. It first examines the literature developing in relation to large scale renewable energy projects and the Native Title Act (1993)Cwlth. It then looks to the history of small community scale standalone systems. Finally, it examines locally adapted approaches to benefit sharing in remote utility owned networks. In doing so this paper foregrounds the importance of Aboriginal agency. It identifies Aboriginal decision making and economic inclusion as being key to policy and project development in the 'scaling up' of a transition to renewable energy resources in the North-West.