Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forensic odontology'
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Evans, Sam. "3D imaging in forensic odontology." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2012. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/3d-imaging-in-forensic-odontology(e836ce64-0279-452d-bf6b-d10c2ec09a21).html.
Full textFilho, Ismar Eduardo Martins. "Simplificação de método para identificação humana por meio da rugoscopia palatina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25141/tde-24012007-163107/.
Full textThe identification human being is something that comes being studied since century XIV and to each day it comes if perfecting more. In such a way this study a method of identification auxiliary to already the existing ones has as proposal, gotten by means of palatal rugae, that are structures located in the mucosa of the hard palate, involving papila incisive, rafe medium and palatal rugae. Having as objective to create a simpler methodology in the use of this method of identification, through the use of digitalized images and specific programs for such end. The sample was constituted by 100 models and respective handbooks. Initially they had been delimited palatal rugae, papila incisive and rafe medium with pencil 0.1 mm of thickness and graphite type HB, in the models of the citizens of the research. Three appraisers had participated of the research, so that the study he was blind: appraiser 1 was responsible for the election of the initial models; appraiser 2 made the copies in scanner (to reate data base); e appraiser 3 re-numbered the models so that they were overlapped by appraiser 2 and in the sequence the coincidence of points was analyzed, for the possible identification. The models had been digitalized and analyzed by means of the program Photoshop 7.0.1. The results, found by means of analysis of agreement of not coincident points, had allowed to a percentage of 100% of rightness in the identification, being possible the identification of all the individuals by means of the methodology proposal. The sample presented 85% of people of color of the white skin, 10% black, 5% yellow, the aged band involved individuals between 8 and 30 years of age. The joined results support the following conclusions: that she is possible to carry through the identification human being by means of palatal rugae, since that has a previous data base; the images can be filed in CD-ROM, therefore, decreased the space used for storage of the personal datas of each individual; it is a safe method of identification, for allowing to analysis relating 5 criteria, what it excluded the possibilities of errors, therefore no model was coincident in no point with another one, that not with the proper one.
Enriquez, Zepeda Myna Paola, and Gonzalez Irma Yhariv Esparza. "Metodología y descripción de las características clínico-patológicas perirradiculares." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67840.
Full textEl presente trabajo, tiene como objetivo ser una herramienta para los alumnos, cirujanos dentistas y especialistas, para dar a conocer las diferentes características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas de las lesiones periapicales y la relación que tienen entre éstas para poder realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento correcto. De inicio se deben tomar en cuenta diferentes aspectos como la realización de una buena anamnesis mediante la historia clínica y un examen clínico y radiográfico completo para poder llegar a un pre – diagnóstico procurando que éste sea lo más cercano al diagnóstico final, el cuál solamente será determinado mediante el examen histopatológico. A su vez se debe de tomar en cuenta el manejo del tejido dependiendo de las características propias de la lesión mediante procedimientos como: apicectomía, marsupialización, enucleación o por medio de la extracción dental.Es importante conocer que las lesiones periapicales son entidades inflamatorias de los tejidos que rodean a los órganos dentarios, suelen ser precedidos por problemas pulpares, por lo general provienen de un trasvase de endotoxinas, bacterias y restos necróticos que se derivan de una necrosis pulpar no tratada, provocando granulomas y quistes, los cuales se caracterizan por un crecimiento lento con tendencia expansiva y que a pesar de ser lesiones con comportamiento benigno, pueden alcanzar un tamaño considerable si no se tratan o diagnostican a tiempo.
McKenna, J. J. I. "A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the anterior dentition visible in photographs and its application to forensic odontology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207844.
Full textBlenkin, Matthew Robert Barclay. "Forensic Dentistry and its Application in Age Estimation from the Teeth using a Modified Demirjian System." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/669.
Full textBlenkin, Matthew Robert Barclay. "Forensic Dentistry and its Application in Age Estimation from the Teeth using a Modified Demirjian System." University of Sydney. Community Oral Health and Epidemiology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/669.
Full textTaylor, Paul Terence Girot. "Postmortem Identification through matching dental traits with population data." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/604.
Full textTaylor, Paul Terence Girot. "Postmortem Identification through matching dental traits with population data." University of Sydney. Community Oral Health and Epidemiology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/604.
Full textVice, President Research Office of the. "Sweet Justice." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2681.
Full textMarques, Jeidson Antonio Morais. ""Metodologias de identificação de marcas de mordidas"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23142/tde-30082004-141220/.
Full textABSTRACT The bite marks has been described in scientific literature like a fundamentals elements of burglars and victims identification. The Forensic Odontology has shown each more contributions in this area of investigation. The aim of this study was to compare four analysis methodologies of bite marks, moreover improvement of the actual techniques, observing advantages, disadvantages and adapting to each kind of support. The sample was composed by fifty stone models of odontology students from Dental Faculty of University of São Paulo. It was used three kinds of food: four apples, chewing gums and chocolate bars. The foods were bitten for volunteers randomly choose without knows of the scientist. The valuation was made through the comparison of methodologies to collect and study of human dental impressions. The results showed that the more secure and indicated technique for these foods was Metric Analysis. From twelve foodstuffs, it was possible to identify ten of then. Two cases it wasnt possible indicate the main suspects, but exclude fourty-five in one of the cases and fourty-six in the other. Based on the results, it was proposed a protocol to bite marks analysis for the three foodstuffs. It was proved that the study of bite marks in foods can be used like more one investigation proof, faculting your incorporation in the probatory amount of a criminal investigation, with the possibility of confer a significant incriminatory or excludent power.
Matsuzaki, Roberto. "\"Desenvolvimento de um sistema computadorizado de identificação odonto-legal\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-10042007-154933/.
Full textThe participation of Forensic Dentistry is more and more present in human identification process, not only in mass disaster situation but also in cases when the only materials available for analysis are teeth or jawbones fragments. After the analysis and research of the programs literatures for forensic Dentistry area, five different forms was made for data collecting and a specific computer program was developed for Brazilian Forensic Dentistry area (computer system for identification forensic dentistry). Initially the program could be use in criminal area for case of: human identification in mass disaster, missing person identification and bites marks analysis. This program was designed and developed using Windows XP, Access 2003 and Visual Basic 6 ? Windows Software. The platform is simple and auxiliary text or image edition programs are not necessary, even advanced knowledge in computer program. From the event and the register data, the program automatically searches the data and display a list of probably victims, according to the coincident data, so the expert could perform the identification process. Some image edition and manipulation resources are available to assist the experts in their work, alteration in the angle, contrast, scale, transparence which permits superposing of images over bites marks and anatomical structures and invert that helps in radiography analysis. The program was tested and corrected through an accident simulation of 25 hypothetic victims with all ante-mortem dental data and 25 post-mortem subjects with Roberto Matsuzaki 10 some of the hypothetic events. The program allowed the identification of all of subjects and also permits to verify the program efficacy and applicability on the different events proposed.
Carvalho, Suzana Papile Maciel. "Estudo estimativo do sexo em crânios da região de Guarulhos-SP utilizando antropologia física e DNA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-13042013-124410/.
Full textThe investigation of the sex is one of the most important analyzes in the human identification. This study aimed to determine the sex in human skulls using three methodologies of Physical Anthropology, two quantitative (Forensic Data Anthropology Bank, FDB, 1986 e Oliveira, 1995) and one qualitative (Walker, 2008) and genetic analysis by amelogenin. The sample was composed by 66 skulls (34 men and 32 women) from the Center for Study and Research in Forensic Science, Guarulhos, SP. The methodologies were applied by two researchers who were unaware of the craniums sexes. For the statistical analysis, there were performed descriptive analysis, average, standard deviation, linear discriminant analysis and logistic and logistic regression. The quantitative methodology presented an accuracy of 89.52%. The FBD method had an accuracy of 92.31%, with the development of a mathematical model using the measures Bizygomatic breadth, Nasal heigh, which showed the biggest dimorphism between the sexes, and Basion-bregma height and Maximum Cranial Length. The Oliveiras et al. (1995) methodology required adjustment for the studied population (new formula with an accuracy of 76.47% in men and 78.13% in women). For the DNA, it was possible to determine the sex in 86.15% of the sample. The different methodologies behaved similarly and with high accuracy in sex determination. Physical anthropology has the advantages of being easy to use, reliability and low cost, but needs population adjustments. The DNA is more complex, requires specific reagents and structure and may have interference from environmental condition, however, does not need to be adjusted to the population.
Opperman, Johan Frank. "A study to determine the forensic quality of records and record keeping by dentists in the greater Cape Town area." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6405.
Full textSouth African dentists have a legal and ethical obligation to maintain complete and comprehensive dental records. In addition to the legal and ethical requirements, dental records are also important in the case of medico-legal issues, quality assurance processes and forensic purposes. Valuable forensic evidence contained in dental records are used in the identification of victims of mass disasters, personal victim identification e.g. in severely decomposed or skeletonized remains where DNA or other biometric data are not available. The victim identification process is highly dependent on complete, legible and accurate dental records. A review of the literature however shows that dental record keeping practices are sub-optimal worldwide. There is a paucity of studies in South Africa regards to dental record keeping practices. The aim of this study was to assess the record keeping practices of a sample of private practicing dentists in Cape Town and surrounding towns, for forensic dental purposes. Knowledge and awareness regards to forensic odontology as well as adherence to the guidelines prescribed by the Health Professional Council of South Africa were also assessed. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, employing a researcher-administered questionnaire and a dental checklist for forensic valuable items in the dental file. The results were entered in a MS Excel spreadsheet and statistically analysed using IMB SPSS Statistics. This study concluded that most of the dental records kept by Cape Town dentists are near to optimal and would be helpful during forensic odontology investigations. However, shortcomings in record keeping practices exists which may compromise the forensic accuracy of their dental records. The study also shows a significant difference in dental record keeping practices by dentists practicing in lower income areas in Cape Town, compared to those practicing in economic affluent areas. The dentists in this study adhered to most of the guidelines prescribed by the Health Professional Council of South Africa however, important medico-legal information was missing from most dental records. This study hopes to contribute to future comprehensive studies in the broader South Africa to determine the validity of dental records for forensic odontology purposes.
Araujo, Laís Gomes de. "Análise física e biológica das marcas de mordida em alimentos e atos de sucção de bebidas para fins de identificação humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-03022015-103133/.
Full textIn the study of bite marks, the biological materials related to dentistry, such as teeth and saliva, are analyzed by means of physical evidence (metric analysis and / or physical pairing) and biological evidence (DNA analysis). From both methods can establish the identity of an individual, thus allowing, in forensic investigations, point, or even identify a suspect in a crime scene. This study aimed to apply four methods of physical analysis in bite marks produced in cheeses and chocolates, as well as obtain recovery the DNA extracted from the saliva of bitten food and bottled water consumed. The sample was comprised of 20 volunteers, 10 males and 10 females. Each volunteer was instructed to bite five pieces of cheese, five pieces of chocolate and drink five bottles of water, producing 15 samples of each from the 20 participants. The produced samples were stored and analyzed in different temperature ranges - temperature (25°C) and refrigerator (4-8°C), and time (immediately, three days, seven days). The methods used were: metric analysis by using a digital caliper, digital metric analysis using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland); manual overlay of the plaster model of the dental arches versus plaster model of chewed food, and overlapping images using Adobe Photoshop software (Adobe Systems, Inc., Mountain View,California, USA). In biological testing, saliva collecting was done using the double swab technique, DNA extraction according to the extraction protocol of the QIAamp kit (Qiagen®, Hilden, Germany), quantification of recovered DNA using equipment Nanodrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific™, Wilmington, DE, USA); amplification of the markers was performed by human identification kit Identifiler PCR Amplification AmpFLSTR (Applied Biosystems®, Carlsbad, CA, EUA) and agarose gel electrophoresis. According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two methods of metric analysis. In the physical pairing analysis, the manual method had the highest number of identified subjects with 58% for both sexes while with the Adobe Photoshop method only 32% of the samples were identified for females and 44 % males. The index value for intraobserver agreement was rated substantial for manual methods in both sexes and for Adobe Photoshop method for males; and as moderate for Adobe Photoshop method for females.In biological evidence, samples of DNA from saliva deposited in cheese and bitten chocolate, beverage and water bottles had concentration values ranging from 28,52 ± 14,00 a 8,99 ± 2,20 ng/μl, and these were sufficient for amplification. Thus, it was concluded that samples of water, cheeses and chocolates under the conditions studied, simulating bitten foods and beverages found at crime scenes or stored in refrigerators waiting for the forensic analysis can be used for investigations in identifying bite marks using both physical methods evidence as to biological method evidence.
McCollough, Kendall. "Determination of the biological sex of juveniles based upon the odontometrics of the primary dentition." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/582.
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Bachelors
Sciences
Anthropology
Gohari, Homayon, and Kamran Haddad. "Oral hälsa hos vuxna diabetiker." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2263.
Full textBakgrund: Diabetes är en kronisk sjukdom och mer än 150 miljoner i världen har sjukdomen. Diabetessjukdomen försämrar både den allmänna och den orala hälsan. Diabetikernas kunskaper om sjukdomens negativa effekter på munhälsan är bristfällig. Syfte: var att beskriva hur vuxna individers orala hälsa påverkas av diabetes och vad tandhygienister ska beakta vid en tandvårdsbehandling. Frågeställningar: Vilka är de orala komplikationerna hos vuxna individer med diabetes? Kan parodontitbehandling hos diabetiker ha positiva effekter på diabetessjukdomen? Vad bör tandhygienister särskilt ta hänsyn till vid behandling av diabetiker? Metod: Studien har genomförts som en systematisk litteraturstudie. Resultat: Parodontala sjukdomar är den dominerande orala komplikationen hos diabetiker. Diabetiker som är rökare har svårare parodontala sjukdomar än de som inte röker. Liksom parodontit förekommer karies hos diabetiker men är inte lika omfattande studerad som de parodontala sjukdomarna. Diabetiker med bättre metabolismkontroll har bättre oral hälsa. Många diabetiker har dåliga kunskaper om att diabetessjukdomen kan ha negativ effekt på deras orala hälsa. Konklusion: Diabetiker har behov av både parodontala behandlingar och hälsofrämjande och förebyggande insatser. Ett samarbete mellan tandvård och sjukvård är nödvändig.
Neto, Eduardo Felippe Duailibi. "Utilização de imagens tridimensionais da cavidade sinusal frontal provenientes de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico para a identificação forense." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23139/tde-30092016-171631/.
Full textThe uniqueness of the frontal sinus cavity is an important factor for establishing human identity. The usage of imaging records of this cavity for human identity is a secondary methodology according to the INTERPOL protocols. Recent advances in imaging technologies have enabled the three-dimensional imaging records of this cavity. Our goal was to validate the methodology proposed by Beaini et al. (2015), by developing standardized criteria for the use of cone beam computed tomography three-dimensional images of the front sinus and evaluating the ability of these data for human identification. The aim of this study was to investigate a total of 200 imaging records from randomized patients that were analyzed by three observers. Images were exported in DICOM format and underwent two distinct segmentation processes and a three-dimensional overlap. The Beaini et al. (2015) technique was applied to establish identification of the randomized patients. My results showed a significant difference between both segmentation processes, with manual segmentation showing the best results. Beaini et al. (2015) technique was validated and a total of 166 patients were identified. The volume of the sinus cavity has a high identification probability with a rough probability of 85% to determine the sex of individuals.
Choi, Isabela Goulart Gil. "Utilização de imagens tridimensionais da cavidade sinusal frontal provenientes de TCFC para determinar dimorfismo sexual entre indivíduos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23139/tde-06032017-103328/.
Full textThere were few studies to assess the ability of the cavity of the frontal sinuses for sexual differentiation. However, the prediction of the sex of the individuals is the most important step in the development of a reliable biological profile during analysis of skeletal remains. The advent of cone beam computed tomography brought a number of advantages to the dental clinic, and the number of patients undergoing CT scans for diagnostic purposes has increased increasingly allowing that these data are useful for forensic identification purposes. The study aimed to propose a new methodology to assess the 3D images capacity of the frontal sinus cavity, from computed tomography cone beam, to attribute sexual dimorphism between individuals. The survey sample consisted of 130 exams (65 male and 65 female) who were reconstructed three-dimensionally. The 3D volume was exported in Tiff format in the frontal, side and basal views. In addition, the following variables were measured in a second program: area, perimeter, bounding rectangle, ellipse fit, circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, solidity and Feret\'s diameter. The study was able to demonstrate the existence of sexual dimorphism with an accuracy of the final logistic regression model equal to 80.0%. The basal view assured greater explanatory power in the final equation. The methodology has been validated and the results showed a high degree of reliability.
Maia, Maria Cristina Germano. "Determina??o da idade dental de crian?as brasileiras nordestinas: novos valores de convers?o de maturidade dental para popula??o espec?fica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13200.
Full textSince Demirjian's system of estimating dental maturity was first described, many researchers from different countries have tested its accuracy among diverse populations. Some of these studies have pointed out a need to determine population-specific standards. In Brazil, the Northeast region is the one that most suffers the negative impact of exodus, specially related to the increase of abandoned children in the cities. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of Demirjian's system for assessing the dental maturity of northeastern Brazilian children, so as to present a scale for maturity score conversion into dental age developed specifically for this population. This could be used for forensic, anthropological and legal matters, and also as a model for other countries attempting to formulate their own conversion scales. Panoramic radiographs of 1,491 children (821 females and 670 males), aged 7 to 13 years, from Cear? state, northeast Brazil, were assessed by a single observer to determine dental age (DA) according to Demirjian's system. The mean percentage of intra-observer agreement was 86.6%, with a mean Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.67 (substantial agreement). The DA was compared by paired t-test to subjects' chronological age (CA). The differences between CA and DA in all age groups were statistically significant (p<0.0001), demonstrating a great advancement in DA among Brazilians. Scatter plots were drawn for both genders, and the data were fitted to a growth curve, y = 100/ (1 + e-a(x b)). Graphs corresponding to the 50th percentile curves were produced. A table with new values for the conversion of maturity score into dental age for northeastern Brazilian children is presented. The great advancement in DA, as obtained by Demirjian's system in this population, justified the determination of specific scores for dental maturity assessment
A estimativa da maturidade dent?ria tem sido descrita na literatura basicamente atrav?s de dois m?todos, a observa??o direta do processo de erup??o do dente na cavidade oral ou por meio de radiografias. A radiografia panor?mica, obtida por t?cnica extra-oral de uso dos raios X, ? um elemento essencial para o diagn?stico por imagens em Radiologia odontol?gica. Este trabalho apresenta dois estudos quantitativos anal?tico-descritivos utilizando o m?todo de determina??o da idade dental atrav?s de radiografia panor?mica em crian?as brasileiras nordestinas. Um estudo piloto realizado com 325 crian?as (191 meninas e 134 meninos) de 7 a 16 anos, da cidade de Fortaleza, objetivando determinar as interrela??es entre as suas idades cronol?gica (data de nascimento), ?ssea (pelo m?todo de Grewlich & Pyle) e dental (segundo Demirjian et al.). Outro estudo, j? publicado, conduzido com 1.491 crian?as (821 meninas e 670 meninos) cearenses, de 7 a 13 anos, visando avaliar a aplicabilidade do m?todo de Demirjian na popula??o estudada. Em ambos os estudos, mostra-se que a estimativa de idade dental utilizando as tabelas de convers?o de maturidade dental propostas por Demirjian et al. n?o se ad?qua ? popula??o pesquisada. Assim, uma escala de valores de convers?o de maturidade dental em idade dental foi desenvolvida especificamente para crian?as nordestinas e ? agora apresentada, visando ? sua aplica??o n?o s? na cl?nica, mas em quest?es forenses, antropol?gicas, legais e/ou criminais. As pesquisas de car?ter interdisciplinar envolveram pesquisadores das ?reas de Odontologia (Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Radiologia); Medicina (Endocrinologia e Metabologia); e F?sica, preenchendo os requisitos de multidisciplinaridade do Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias da Sa?de
Silva, Rhonan Ferreira da. "Estudo comparativo entre os desempenhos de graduandos em Odontologia e pós-graduandos em Odontologia Legal utilizando fotografias de sorrisos para a identificação humana." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290755.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Objetivo: comparar o desempenho de graduandos em Odontologia e pósgraduandos em Odontologia Legal, no sentido de realizar a identificação humana por meio da análise de fotografias de sorriso. Material e Métodos: foram coletados dois tipos de fotografias (de sorriso e intrabucal) usando máquinas digitais, bem como dados sobre submissão ou não a tratamento ortodôntico e sobre a presença de tratamento odontológico nos dentes anteriores, por meio de um questionário, respondido por 101 acadêmicos de Odontologia da UNIP-GO, com o intuito de simular casos de identificação humana, comparando-se imagens produzidas em vida (fotografia de sorriso) e pós-morte (fotografia intrabucal). A amostra inicial foi dividida em dois grupos: I) estudantes submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico (testes A e B); e II) estudantes sem histórico de tratamento ortodôntico (testes C e D), tendo sido selecionados 20 pares de imagens de cada grupo. Em seguida, cada grupo foi novamente dividido em dois subgrupos, contendo 10 fotografias de sorriso e 10 fotografias intrabucais, que foram numeradas e montadas em quatro mostruários distintos. Para cada mostruário, foi sorteado um único número, sendo buscada a sua imagem correspondente, que foi inserida numa folha resposta. Assim, foram montados quatro testes (A, B, C e D), os quais foram aplicados a 12 graduandos em Odontologia e a 12 pós-graduandos em Odontologia Legal da FOP-UNICAMP, que analisaram a fotografia sorteada (de sorriso ou intrabucal) e a correlacionaram com uma das 10 imagens presentes no mostruário correspondente, apontando os critérios de inclusão que foram relevantes para se chegar à conclusão final. Resultados: todos os sujeitos da pesquisa, em ambos os grupos, acertaram o teste A (análise de uma fotografia de sorriso num grupo de 10 intrabucais). Os testes B (análise de uma fotografia intrabucal num grupo de 10 de sorriso) e D (análise de uma fotografia de sorriso num grupo de 10 intrabucais) tiveram 91,6% de acerto dentre os estudantes de pós-graduação; e o teste C (análise de uma fotografia intrabucal num grupo de 10 de sorriso) teve 83,3% de acerto entre os estudantes de graduação. Dentre os critérios de inclusão para se chegar ao resultado de identificação odontolegal pela análise de fotografias de sorriso, a morfologia das incisais dos dentes anteriores foi o critério mais citado tanto pelos estudantes de graduação (83,3%) como pelos estudantes de pós-graduação (72,9%), nos 48 testes realizados em cada grupo. O teste Exato de Fischer não mostrou haver associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis estudadas ou entre os testes aplicados. Conclusão: a grande maioria dos graduandos em Odontologia e dos pós-graduandos em Odontologia Legal mostrou-se apta a efetuar uma identificação humana por meio da análise de fotografias de sorriso, considerando a grande variedade de características odontológicas potencialmente evidenciáveis nos dentes anteriores
Abstract: Aim: to compare the performance of undergraduate students of Dentistry and postgraduate students of Forensic Odontology with the purpose of proceeding to human identification through the analysis of photographs of the smile. Material and Methods: using digital cameras, two types of photograph shots (one of the smile and the other of the oral cavity) were collected, as well as data about having or not undergone orthodontic treatment and about the presence of dental treatment in anterior teeth, through the application of a questionnaire answered by 101 students of Dentistry from UNIP-GO, in order to simulate human identification cases, by comparing the images produced in life (photograph of the smile) to the postmortem ones (intraoral photograph). The initial sample was divided into two groups: I) students who had undergone orthodontic treatment (tests A and B); and II) students with no history of orthodontic treatment (tests C and D), and 20 pairs of images from each group were selected. Then, each group was again divided into two subgroups, containing 10 photographs of the smile and 10 intraoral photographs which were numbered and mounted on four separate showcases. For each showcase, one single number was drawn, and the corresponding image was searched, which was inserted into an answer sheet. Thus, four tests were mounted (A, B, C and D) and they were applied to 12 undergraduate students of Dentistry and to 12 postgraduate students of Forensic Odontology from FOP-UNICAMP who analyzed the picture that was drawn (photograph of the smile or intraoral photograph) and correlated it with one of the 10 images present in the corresponding showcase, pointing out the inclusion criteria that were important for reaching a final conclusion. Results: all the subjects of the research, in both groups, correctly answered to test A (analysis of a photograph of the smile in a group of 10 intraoral photographs). The tests B (analysis of an intraoral photograph in a group of 10 photographs of the smile) and D (analysis of a photograph of the smile in a group of 10 intraoral photographs) had 91.6% success among postgraduate students; and test C (analysis of an intraoral photograph in a group of 10 photographs of the smile) had 83.3% success among undergraduate students. Among the inclusion criteria to achieve the result of Forensic Odontology identification through the analysis of photographs of the smile, the morphology of the incisor part of anterior teeth was the aspect most often quoted by undergraduate students (83.3%) and also by postgraduate students (72.9%), in the 48 tests applied to each group. The Fisher exact test did not show statistically significant association between the studied variables or between the tests applied. Conclusions: the vast majority of the undergraduate students of Dentistry and of the postgraduate students of Forensic Odontology have shown to be able to make a human identification through the analysis of photographs of the smile, considering the wide variety of dental characteristics potentially demonstrable in anterior teeth
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental
Marques, Jeidson Antônio Morais [UNESP]. "Prevalência de lesões causadas por mordidas humanas e desenvolvimento de técnica para análise de mordidas na pele em investigações criminais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104207.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP)
Um dos mais intrigantes, complexos e controversos desafios da Odontologia Legal é o reconhecimento, registro e análise de marcas de mordidas na pele. Este estudo teve como objetivos: abordar os aspectos relevantes sobre a importância do estudo das marcas de mordidas; produzir informações sobre a ocorrência de casos registrados no Instituto Médico Legal da cidade de Araçatuba-SP, nos últimos cinco anos, envolvendo lesões ocasionadas por mordidas humanas; avaliar comparativamente quatro materiais de moldagem para estudo de marcas de mordidas na pele e testar a aplicabilidade da técnica proposta, por meio de um caso simulado. Foram analisadas 7.550 ocorrências policiais do período de 2001 a 2005. Verificou-se: idade das vítimas, parentesco com o agressor e ocorrência de lesões produzidas por mordidas humanas, bem como, o local mais acometido por tal ferimento. Nas etapas laboratoriais foram utilizados cinco suínos abatidos, com idade média de oito semanas e pesando cerca de seis quilos. Eles foram divididos ao meio e, em seguida, entre dez voluntários foi feito um sorteio sendo que quatro sorteados morderam cada uma das partes, sem conhecimento do pesquisador. A análise das mordidas foi feita de acordo com as normas da ABFO. Foram utilizados os materiais de moldagem: Alginato, Poliéter, Silicone de Condensação e Silicone de Adição. Durante o estudo de caso, a partir dos modelos de gesso e das partes mordidas, foi feita a identificação dos agentes das mordidas, utilizando a técnica da Análise Métrica, e, como controle, a técnica de sobreposições de imagens com uso do Software Adobe Photoshop 7.0. Foram encontrados quarenta e dois casos envolvendo, dentre outros tipos de lesões, as marcas de mordidas. O total de lesões encontradas foi de cinqüenta e seis mordidas: trinta e três pessoas foram vítimas (31 do sexo feminino e 11 do sexo masculino) e oito foram os autores das agressões (todos homens).
One of the most intriguing, complex and controversial challenges of the Legal Odontology is the recognition, registers and analysis of bite mark. This study objectives was: observe the relevant aspects about bite marks analyses importance, using a literature review; demonstrate the prevalence of bite marks in domestic violence crimes involving physical aggression with were collected data in the Police Station of the Woman's Defense in Araçatuba (São Paulo/Brazil); evaluate comparatively four impressions materials for bite marks analysis on skin and test the proposed technique applicability, with a simulated case. 7.550 occurrences policemen of the period from 2001 to 2005 were analyzed. It was verified: the victims' age, relationship with the aggressor and occurrence of lesions produced for bitten human, as well as, the place more attacked by such wound. In the laboratorial phase, it was used five pigs, with eight weeks ages. They were cute, soon afterwards, among ten volunteers it was made a draw and four raffled they bit each one of the parts, without the researcher's knowledge. The analysis of the bites was made in agreement with the norms of ABFO. The molding materials were used: Alginate, Poliéter, Condensation Silicon and Addition Silicon. During the case study, starting from the models of plaster and of the bitten foods, it was made the agents' of the bites identification, using the technique of the Metric Analysis, and, as control, the technique to put upon of images with use of the Software Adobe Photoshop 7.0. They were found forty two cases involving, among other types of lesions, the marks of bitten. The total of found lesions was of fifty six bitten: thirty three people were victims (31 female and 11 male) and eight were the authors of the aggressions (all men).
Ramenzoni, Liza Lima. "Analise das bandas de Hunter-Schreger como novo metodo biometrico de identificação humana." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290030.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O esmalte dental é caracterizado por camadas de prismas em direções alternadas regularmente. Estas camadas sucessivas formam as Bandas de Hunter-Schreger (HSB) que aparecem como faixas claras e escuras quando vistas sob forte iluminação lateral. Neste presente trabalho avaliamos a singularidade das HSB em dentes humanos como um método biométrico para identificação pessoal, já que as diferenças no padrão das HSB em dentes ainda não foi estudada. A amostra foi composta de 274 incisivos inferiores. Os procedimentos seguintes foram executados: os dentes foram fotografados em uma lupa esteroscópica e fibra óptica acopladas. O contraste das imagens após digitalização, foi aumentado utilizando Corel Photo Paint 9® e então as mesmas imagens foram analisadas em software de identificação automatizado de base biométrica (Verifinger 4.2 SDK / Fingersec®). O software gerou uma lista de comparações de dados biométricos com uma medida de semelhança (comparações entre ¿minutias¿). As medidas de similaridade do banco de dados foram comparadas em uma matriz de semelhança. Analisamos também a variação das espessuras médias das Bandas desde que este parâmetro é muito variável e pode ser usado para confirmar a identificação. Os resultados demonstraram que o padrão de HSB é altamente variável e único para cada dente analisado. HSB não puderam ser observadas em 4,5% dos dentes examinados. Dentes sem HSB não foram incluídos no banco de dados. Dentes com 0 ou 1 minutias totalizaram 3,3% da amostra. Nestes casos, a distinção pode ser feita através de comparação visual simples. Assim, as medidas biométricas das HSB provaram ser um método com alta potencialidade para identificação pessoal, desde que o tecido do esmalte resiste condições ambientais extremas e as imagens são obtidas facilmente. Estas características fazem das HSB um modelo potencialmente útil para análise forense utilizando medidas físicas ou biológicas pessoais, dando uma descrição correta do indivíduo
Abstract: Dental enamel is characterized by layers of prisms with regularly alternating directions. These successive layers form Hunter-Schreger Bands (HSB) that appear as dark and light bands when viewed under strong illumination. In the present study, we evaluate the HSB singularity in human teeth as a biometric-based method for personal identification since differences in HSB patterns have never been studied. The sample was composed of 274 lower incisors. The following procedures were performed: the teeth were photographed at low magnification, the contrast of the captured images was increased using Corel Photo Paint 9® and then analyzed in automated biometrics-based identification software (Verifinger Demo 4.2 SDK / Fingersec®). The software generated a list of biometric data comparisons with a similarity measure (minutiae matching). The storage of database comparisons could be represented with a similarity matrix. We also analyzed the thickness of the bands since this parameter is very variable and could be used for the identification. The results demonstrated that the pattern of HSB is highly variable and unique for each tooth. HSB bands could not be observed in 4.5 % of the teeth examined. Teeth without HSB could not be included in the database. Teeth having 0 or 1 minutiae comprised 3.3% of our sample. In these cases, the inspection was simply done by visual comparison. Thus, the biometric measurements of HSB proved to be a valuable method for personal identification, since enamel can resist extreme environmental conditions and the images could be easily obtained. These characteristics make HSB a potentially useful model for personal physical or biological measurements to give a correct description of an individual
Mestrado
Histologia e Embriologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Machado, Marcelo Afonso 1978. "Estimativa de idade através de medidas em dentes e ossos do carpo : precisão de uma amostra do sudeste brasileiro." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290735.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Introdução: As radiografias carpais e panorâmicas de crianças e adolescentes são importantes em identificação humana por serem simples de obter e por conterem quantidade significativa de estruturas que trazem informações relevantes sobre o desenvolvimento corporal. Muitas vezes é necessário estimar a idade pelo envolvimento dessas crianças em procedimentos cíveis e criminais. Várias técnicas existentes usam as informações destas radiografias mas, nem todas foram testadas em brasileiros. Objetivo: Este trabalho procurou validar em uma população brasileira três métodos que estimam a idade de crianças e adolescentes a partir de medidas nos dentes permanentes em desenvolvimento e nos ossos da região do carpo e compará-las. Material e método: Esse estudo usou radiografias de 234 crianças e adolescentes (126 meninas e 108 meninos) para validar o método numa população brasileira. Os dados obtidos a partir das radiografias foram inseridos nas fórmulas propostas e comparados com a idade conhecida de cada sujeito da pesquisa. A precisão dos métodos em estimar a idade foi analisada através do teste de regressão linear estatística (ANOVA). Resultados: A partir da comparação entre as três técnicas estudadas, foi encontrado um erro médio para a técnica da região dos dentes (RD) de -0,21 anos, sendo -0,14 anos para meninas e -0,28 anos para os meninos havendo tendência, então, de subestimar a idade. Para a técnica da região do carpo (RC) o erro médio encontrado foi 1,61 anos, sendo 1,89 anos para meninas e 1,29 anos para os meninos, superestimando a idade. Quando foram utilizadas informações dos ossos do carpo e dos dentes (RCD) simultaneamente, o erro médio encontrado foi 0,39 anos, sendo 0,54 anos para meninas e 0,21 anos para meninos, havendo uma tendência a superestimar a idade cronológica das crianças. Conclusão: As técnicas RD e RCD possuem boa acurácia para estimativa da idade numa população do sudeste do Brasil. O método mais preciso foi o RD, seguido pelo RCD e pelo RC
Abstract: Introduction: Hand-wrist and panoramic radiographs of children and adolescents are important in human identification because they are easily obtained and contain a significant amount of structures that provide important information about the body¿s development. It is often necessary to estimate the age of children involved in civil and criminal proceedings. Many methods use the information in these radiographs, but not all of them have been tested in Brazilians. Objective: This study attempted to validate, in a Brazilian population sample, three methods that estimate the ages of children and adolescents using measurements of developing permanent teeth and wrist bones, and to compare the methods. Materials and methods: This study used the radiographs of 234 children and adolescents (126 girls and 108 boys) to validate the methods in a Brazilian population sample. Age was estimated using radiographic data and the pertinent formulas, and compared with the known chronological age of each study subject. The methods¿ accuracy for estimating age was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean error for the tooth region method (TR) was -0.21 years, -0.14 for girls and -0.28 for boys; therefore, this method underestimated chronological age. The mean error for the hand-wrist region method (HWR) was 1.61 years, 1.89 for girls and 1.29 for boys; hence, this method overestimated chronological age. When the two methods were used simultaneously (HWTR), the mean error was 0.39 years, 0.54 for girls and 0.21 for boys; thus, both methods combined overestimated chronological age. Conclusion: The TR and HWTR methods can estimate the chronological age of a population sample from Southeast Brazil with good accuracy. The most accurate method was TR, followed by HWTR and HWR
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Machado, Marcos Paulo Salles 1974. "Análise retrospectiva dos exames realizados no serviço de antropologia forense do Instituto Médico Legal Afrânio Peixoto, Rio de Janeiro-Brasil = Retrospective analysis of the skills performed in the forensic anthropology service of the Afrânio Peixoto Medical Legal Institute, Rio de Janeiro-Brasil." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290733.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise retrospectiva dos casos investigados nos dois primeiros anos de funcionamento do Serviço de Antropologia Forense (SAFO) do Rio de Janeiro. Foram recebidas 66 requisições de exames expedidas por autoridades policiais ou judiciárias e cada requisição deu origem a um laudo. Seis requisições continham ossos de origem não humana, três representavam materiais sem interesse forense, enquanto uma outra requisição solicitava exame complementar. As demais 56 requisições continham ossos de 74 diferentes indivíduos, pois nove requisições encaminhavam ossos de mais de uma pessoa. Cinco das 74 ossadas não deram entrada no laboratório do SAFO por terem sido identificados pelo Serviço de Odontologia Forense ou pelo Setor de Necropapiloscopia. Logo, 69 ossadas foram periciadas e o resultados desses exames compõe o presente estudo. Dentre as 56 requisições, 47 (83%) eram constituídas de remanescentes de um único indivíduo, enquanto 9 (17%) traziam ossos de mais de uma pessoa. Menos de 18,8% das 69 ossadas tiveram mais de 95% dos ossos do corpo recuperados, enquanto que apenas 10,14% das 47 ossadas encontradas completamente esqueletizadas tiveram mais de 50% dos seus ossos recuperados. O perfil biológico resultante dos exames das ossadas revelou que a amostra era predominantemente constituída por homens (80%), caucasoides (32%), adultos-jovens entre 21-50 anos (54%) constituindo o grupo de risco. O trauma mais frequentemente observado foi o contundente, correspondendo a 33,3% dos casos, seguido do perfurocontundente, observado em 31,4%. A região mais atingida foi a crânio-cervical, atingida em 42% dos traumas. A relação mais alta observada entre um tipo de trauma e uma região específica do corpo foi a ação perfurocontundente incidindo sobre a região crânio-cervical, correspondendo à 27,3%. 52,1% das ações perfurocontundentes foram observadas na região crânio-cervical. Por fim, a analise dos locais de encontro de ossadas evidenciou um grande número de encontro reduzido a poucas áreas da cidade, revelando que existe concentração da violência
Abstract: The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the cases investigated in the first two years of the Forensic Anthropology Service (SAFO) of Rio de Janeiro. Over these two years the laboratory received 66 examination requisitions requested by police or judicial authorities and each of these requests has resulted in a report. Six corresponded to non-human material, other 3 represented material without forensic implications and another one corresponded to a complementary examination requisition. The remaining 56 requisitions comprised a total of 74 different individuals, once there were 9 cases with bones of more than one person. Five out of 74 skeletal remains did not enter the SAFO laboratory because they had been positively identified by the Forensic Dentistry Office or through Necropapiloscopy. Therefore 69 skeletal remains were examined and the resulting data compose the present study. Out of 56 requisitions, 47 (83%) presented skeletal remains of single individuals; whereas the other 9 (17%) conteined bones of more than one individual. Less than 18.8% of 69 skeletal remains recovered comprised more than 95% of body bones, wile only 10.14% of the 47 fully skeletonized remains had more than half of the bones recovered. The biological profile established after skeletal remains were investigated showed that the sample was made up mainly of male subjects (80%), caucasian (32%), young-adults ranging from ages 21-50 (54%), considered as the risk group. Injuries most frequently observed were blunt trauma (33.3%), followed by gunshot (31.4%). The most susceptible body regions were the head and neck, affected in 42% of cases. The highest correlation between type of trauma to a specific body part was observed with gunshot injuries to the head-neck region, corresponding to 27.3% of the cases. Gunshot trauma represented 52.1% of injuries found on the head and neck. Analysis of the places where the remains were recovered reveled a great number of cases restricted to a few areas of the city, which shows the violence is concentrated in these localities
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Baraldi, Andréia Moribe. "Utilização da técnica de identificação genética: panorama da realidade dos serviços oficiais de identificação brasileiros e a importância da atuação do cirurgião-dentista na equipe forense." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-08042009-160610/.
Full textThe analysis of DNA can be considered major technical advances for criminal investigation since the discovery of fingerprints. Its emergence has brought new paradigms for the criteria used in the formulation of culpability in the field of criminal law, as well as the establishment of legal certainty in relations of affiliation, field of civil law. It was incorporated in routine forensic police from the countries of first world and beginning to be introduced in the context expert in some Brazilian states. However, the use of these techniques of genetic identification, gives quality requirements and excellence laboratories that perform them. Therefore, setting standards, setting principle and creating systems of accreditation and certification have become absolutely necessary. Taking into account the growing influence of the DNA in the forensic context, this study aimed to know the Brazilian reality on this technology and the importance of the role of surgeon-dentist in the forensic team. For this reason, attempts were made to contact the department\'s official identification center of the capital of each of the twenty-six Brazilian states than the Federal District. Participated in the survey 17 (seventeen) States (Minas Gerais, Goiás, Rio Grande do Sul, Para, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Paraná, São Paulo, Paraíba, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Amapá, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceara and Tocantins). Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire. From this could be established that the majority of services (88%) made use of the technique of genetic identification. Among these, only the Rio Grande do Norte do not adopt protocols for collection and storage of biological samples. The blood is the biological sample of choice, but in cases of carcass or when the corpse is carbonized and / or advanced state of decomposition, the teeth are used as a source of DNA. Usually the samples are collected from sexual crimes. Despite the bite marks are frequently found evidence in such crimes, the collection of saliva (swab) is performed only in 43% of the states. Among the various categories of professionals who make up the team of forensic DNA, pharmacists are stressed (43%). They certificate of accreditation of laboratories only 50% (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia, Roraima and Amapá). This work could understand the way in which these services are structuring and developing this technology. Through the results of this study was to check the growing influence exercised by the technique of DNA in cases of identification, the importance of the many occupational, since the contribution of each area and the methodology employed in the process will be influenced by the condition of biological material submitted for review and emphasize the importance of specific knowledge of forensic dentist, mainly because of dental elements, in cases of advanced decomposition and charring, and the saliva, bite marks on this, are potential sources of DNA.
Barros, Franciéllen de. "Mensuração da espessura de tecidos moles da face de indivíduos brasileiros adultos /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154031.
Full textResumo: A Reconstrução Facial Forense (RFF) é uma técnica das Ciências Forenses que possibilita o reconhecimento de um indivíduo, a partir da modelagem dos contornos dos tecidos faciais sobre um crânio encontrado sem identificação. Para isto é necessário ter o conhecimento da espessura dos tecidos moles faciais (ETMFs) que recobrem os pontos craniométricos no crânio subjacente, pois os mesmos são utilizados como base para a obtenção do contorno facial. Fatores como sexo, ancestralidade, idade, e índice de massa corporal (IMC) influenciam tais espessuras. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar ETMFs de sujeitos brasileiros adultos vivos, a partir de imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), considerando-se as variáveis sexo, cor de pele, idade e índice de massa corporal. Foram efetuadas mensurações de 21 pontos craniométricos de referência através do uso do software Osirix Lite. Um total de 92 imagens foram analisadas (62 de sujeitos do sexo feminino e 30 do sexo masculino). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os homens, na maioria das vezes, apresentaram espessuras de tecidos moles faciais maiores do que as mulheres. Em relação às outras variáveis, houve interação com o sexo a cor de pele nos pontos glabela, nasion, infradentale, eminência frontal, supraorbital e linha oclusal, mas nos pontos eminência mentoniana e suborbital a significância foi correspondente à cor da pele. O IMC não evidenciou interação com o sexo, porém, nos pontos filtro médio e supradentale, os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Forensic Facial Reconstruction (FFR) is a Forensic Science technique that enables the recognition of an individual, from modeling the contours of facial tissues on a skull found without identification. For this, it is necessary to know the thickness of the facial soft tissue that covers the craniometric points in the underlying skull, since they are used as the basis for obtaining the facial contour. Factors such as sex, ancestry, age, and body mass index (BMI) influence such thicknesses. The objective of this study was to measure the facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) of living adult Brazilian subjects using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, considering the variables sex, skin color, age and body mass index. Twenty-one reference craniometric points were measured using the Osirix Lite software. A total of 92 images were analyzed (62 females and 30 males). The results showed that men, for the most part, had greater facial soft tissue thicknesses than women. In relation to the other variables, there was interaction with the skin color at the glabella, nasion, infradentale, frontal eminence, supraorbital and occlusal lines, but at the eminence points of the chin and suborbital the significance was corresponding to the color of the skin. The BMI did not show interaction with the sex, however, in the medium and supradentale filter points, the men presented higher values of thickness, independently of the BMI. At the remaining points, only BMI influenced the thickness o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Strapasson, Raíssa Ananda Paim. "Aproximação facial forense: relação entre as estruturas ósseas e a porção inferior do nariz." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-24052016-115026/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the alar cartilage and the pyriform aperture using cone-beam computed tomography (CT) imaging, and the relationship between the morphology of the nose and the vertical skeletal pattern of the face. 96 images of subjects (49 male and 47 female), aged 18-65 years classified according to the vertical skeletal pattern of the face were used in this study. The OsiriX software was used to measure the structures of interest. The facial pattern was obtained according to three techniques: facial index, gonial angle, and facial proportions. From an axial section of the CT imaging, four measurements were performed: nasal width, distance between the alar insertions, extension of the base of the pyriform aperture and width of the pyriform aperture. All measurements were obtained by two calibrated examiners. There is correlation between the nasal width and the breadth of the pyriform aperture, and between the base of the nasal cavity and the distance between the alar insertions. The width of the pyriform aperture proportionally increases more than the nasal breadth. Furthermore, the long face type is associated with nasal width.
Spadacio, Celio. "Analise dos principais materiais dentarios restauradores submetidos a ação do fogo e sua importancia no processo de identificação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290744.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Os dentes e os arcos dentários podem fornecer, em certas circunstâncias, subsídios imprescindíveis para a solução de crimes e ou fundamentais para o estabelecimento da identidade de um indivíduo. Estes resistem devido à sua localização e dureza a diferentes tipos de agressões. Ocorre que por vezes estes são submetidos a inúmeros tipos de tratamentos restauradores (obturações, próteses unitárias, próteses removíveis, implantes odontológicos, entre outros). Tais restaurações juntamente com a localização, formato, tamanho, ausências, patologias, entre outros constituirão os caracteres sinaléticos utilizados no reconhecimento e identificação dos indivíduos. Em um desastre de grandes proporções (desastres naturais e ou desastres provocados pelo homem), em geral ocorrem incêndios e nestes o ser humano acaba por vezes a ser reduzido a um corpo disforme (carbonizado) mutilado ou não, em outras o mesmo ser humano praticamente desaparece (calcinação), nas duas situações os dentes permanecem viáveis para serem utilizados na identificação, o que diferenciará serão os maiores cuidados que o perito deverá observar durante a coleta dos cadáveres e partes destes. A literatura recomenda sempre que se deve no caso de grandes incêndios, inicialmente localizar os corpos registrando tal situação e discriminar a localização dos pertences pessoais destes, tais como jóias, indumentária, celulares, entre outros. Para os casos de calcinados, recomenda realizar tomadas radiográficas das porções cefálicas ainda no local do acidente visando evitar a destruição dos remanescentes dentários. Sabe-se quanto ao exame dentário que tanto os dentes (esmalte, dentina e cemento) como as restaurações e próteses odontológicas apresentam um determinado comportamento frente às diferenças de temperatura, geradas quando de um incêndio, porém é necessário estabelecer quais são estas alterações frente aos novos materiais odontológicos restauradores. Em vista a estes fatos o presente estudo buscou verificar macroscopicamente e estudar os aspectos dos materiais dentários não metálicos e o amálgama, quando submetidos á energia física calor; avaliar as alterações desses materiais submetidos a 12 níveis de temperaturas compreendidas de 100ºC até 1200ºC, em intervalos de tempo de 15 minutos, analisando e comparando os fenômenos ocorridos nos materiais restauradores odontológicos; discutir os aspectos éticos e legais frentes às perícias de identificação humana. Verificou-se que os materiais restauradores não metálicos , apresentam alterações de cor, de volume, contração (por desidratação) e alterações quanto à superfície externa (carbonizada e até calcinação). O amálgama apresenta alterações de cor, de brilho superficial (apresentando de início pequenos orifícios, entumescendo até a fase da separação dos componentes da liga, terminando somente com a prata no fundo da cavidade). Os dados obtidos são muito semelhantes aos encontrados em arcos dentários de indivíduos carbonizados e permitem ao perito, por comparação, a determinação do tipo de material restaurador utilizado. Tal informação associada com os dados do confronto da documentação produzidas em vida permitirá o estabelecimento da identidade do cadáver
Abstract: The tooth and the dental arc can furnish, and certain circunstance subsidy necessary to the solution of the crime and or fundamental to the establishment of the identification of a individual. This resist just to its localization and hardness the different type of the aggression. It occur that sometimes this is submit the innumerable type of recuperate treatment (filltion, unite, prosthesis remove, prosthesis, implant dental between others. However is restoration connect with the localization, form, size, absence, pathological, between others to consist in caracteres signalize utilized in the recognition and identification of the individual. In a disaster of the proportion big (nature disaster and or that to cause for the man) , in general occurred fire and in this the individual finished sometimes reduced the a withness form (burnt) mutilate or not, in others the same individual practise disappear (to reduce to lime) in the two situations the tooth continue viable to is utilization in the identification what differentiate are the big care that the expert made observe while the collection of the corpse and part of these. The literature recommed always in the case of the big fire, initiate to find the body registering is situation and itemize the localization and the belongings personal of this, well with delightful, attire, cellular phone, between others. From the cases of the to reduce to lime, recommed to realize take x- ray of the cephalic portion still in the place of the accident to aim at to avoid the destruction of the remainder dental. They are knowing that amount for the dental examination that as much the tooth (enamel, dental and cemento) as restauration and dental prosthesis follow a behaviour determination when in front of the differences of the temperature, to generate when of the fire. However is need establish which be theses alteration from of the new restoration material dental front of the facts the present study to search for to confirm macroscopic and to study the aspect of the dental materials not metallic and the amalgama, when subdue to heat physical energic, avaliable the change of this is material submet the 12 level of the temperature understand of the 100ºC, untill 1200ºC, in interval of the time of the 15 minutes, analysing and comparing the phenomenon occurred in restauration material dental, discuss the legal and ethical aspect and so on to human identification investigation. Checked that the material not metallic restoration, however not if to untre sthg of the cavity follow change of the color of the volume, contraction (for dehydratetion) and change how to its external surface (of the smooth to infeccious charred, to reduce to lime). Abready the amalgama follow change of the collor of the superficial brightness (follow the start little harden orifice untill the face of the separation of the content of the league, finished about with silver in the bottom of the cavity). The data obtained are very similar the find in the dental are of the charred individual and to permit the expert for the comparation the determination of the type of the restauration material utilized. This is information associate with the data of the comparison with the documentation trendy in life that allow the establishment of the identity corpse
Doutorado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
Santos, Leonardo Soriano de Mello 1976. "Viabilidade da utilização de amostras biologicas obtidas de dentes humanos para obtenção de perfis geneticos de DNA." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290762.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Alguns fatores relacionados ao estado e lugares que dentes humanos se encontram, nos que diz respeito a estes enquanto amostras com finalidade forense, ainda constituem desafio ao que tange o uso dos mesmos como material para obtenção de perfis genéticos de DNA. Este estudo visou comparar a extração de DNA feita a partir de dentes humanos com a extração por meios de amostras de sangue fixadas em papel FTA® utilizadas como grupo controle, de maneira a comparar os alelos mapeados e definir se os dentes constituem nestas circunstâncias, fonte viável de amostras para obtenção de perfis genéticos, comparando os protocolos. Dezoito participantes foram abordados e, aceitaram participar da pesquisa por meio de TCLE's, doaram voluntariamente amostras de sangue e os elementos dentários terceiros molares superiores direitos, estes indicados para exodontia por outros profissionais. Verificou-se que os dentes humanos constituíram fontes viáveis de acordo com a análise estatística realizada (Teste de Poisson), onde p<0,0001, entretanto quando comparado com o protocolo de extração de material genético através do sangue, deixa de ser viável devido ao número de passos necessários para a obtenção dos resultados. Ainda, 78,125% dos alelos possíveis de serem mapeados, o foram com sucesso
Abstract: Several factors related to how and where human teeth are found in forensic cases still a challenge to obtain genetic DNA profiles, as using theses elements as source for genetic material. This study aimed to compare the DNA extraction done through blood stains in FTA® paper cards, used as control group, and compare the mapped alleles from these to ones extracted from human teeth samples, as the simplicity of theses protocols when in comparison. Eighteen participants were convinced to join this study. Blood samples and superior right third molars (element 18) were donated. As result, teeth provided good sources of biologic sampling to obtain genetic profiles when analyzed by Poisson statistic analysis (p<0,0001), however, when compared to genetic material extraction protocol by blood, teeth analysis is no longer viable due to extensive laboratorial steps in order to gain the same results. Also 78,125% of the possible locci to be mapped and amplified were indeed
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Tinoco, Rachel Lima Ribeiro. "Antropologia dental = traços não-métricos de uma amostra brasileira." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290758.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Os traços não-métricos na morfologia dental, por sua excelente preservação, e variação inter-populacional livre de pressão seletiva, são reconhecidamente um dos principais focos de observação para os pesquisadores que analisam variação humana e sua relação com o histórico biológico das populações. Considerando sua utilização em contexto forense, o conhecimento das características morfológicas do arco dental da população local permite utilizar estes traços como critério adicional para identificação humana individual com fins periciais. Objetivo: O presente estudo propôs uma análise antropológica da morfologia dental de brasileiros, do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre 18 e 30 anos, observando a prevalência de alguns traços antropológicos não-métricos encontrados no arco dental de brasileiros, sua relação com os índices levantados por outros pesquisadores, em amostras de diferentes populações, e seu valor pericial como critério adicional na identificação humana. Metodologia: Foram analisados modelos em gesso de 130 indivíduos (59 homens e 71 mulheres), com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: naturalidade brasileira, com ascendentes brasileiros até segundo grau; presença de, no mínimo, dois elementos dentais hígidos, dentre os dentes-alvo; e ausência de relação de consanguinidade com outros participantes. Foi avaliada a presença de seis traços antropológicos, com frequências étnico-geográficas anteriormente publicadas por outros autores, sendo eles: incisivo em forma de pá, tubérculo de Carabelli, quinta cúspide (tubérculo distal acessório), ausência de cúspide disto-palatina, sexta cúspide (tuberculum sextum), e ausência de cúspide disto-vestibular (molar inferior tetra-cuspidado). Resultados: As frequências obtidas de todos os traços avaliados destoaram das frequências anteriormente apresentadas como referentes aos grupos ameríndio ou sulamericano. A amostra analisada possui pouca semelhança com o chamado complexo dental americano, e nítida influência dos complexos caucasóide e subsaariano, o que está de acordo com os acontecimentos históricos locais
Abstract: The non-metric traits in tooth morphology, for their excellent preservation, and inter-population variation, immune from selection pressure, are known to be one of the major sources of observation for researchers who analyze human variation and its relationship to the populations' biological history. In a forensic context, the knowledge of the local morphological characteristics allows its use as additional criterion for human identification purposes. Objective: This study has proposed an anthropological analysis of tooth morphology of Brazilian individuals from Rio de Janeiro, between 18 and 30 years, listing the prevalence of some anthropological non-metric traits, their relationship with frequencies found by other researchers, in different populations, and its value as additional criterion for in human identification. Methodology: The dental casts of 130 individuals (59 males and 71 females) were examined, with the following inclusion criteria: Brazilian naturality, with Brazilian ascendency until second degree, presence of at least two of the target-teeth healthy, and absence of blood relationship with other participants. We evaluated the presence of six non-metric dental traits with populational frequencies previously published by other authors, as follows: shoveling, Carabelli's cusp, cusp 5 (distal accessory tubercle), hypocone absence, cusp 6, and hypoconid absence. Results: The frequencies of all the traits evaluated differ from frequencies previously presented for Amerindian and South American. The sample has little resemblance to the so called american dental complex, and strong influence of the African Sub-Sahara and European patterns, which is in agreement with local historical events
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Beaini, Thiago Leite. "Padronização das tomadas radiográficas periapicais e panorâmicas com finalidade forense." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-18082010-144745/.
Full textThere are plenty of difficulties surrounding the radiographs for the comparative techniques on human identification. The lack of soft tissue, the skulls and films positioning are a few of the obstacles faced in anthropological studies. With the objectives to standardize, producing high quality images and reducing adaptations, different exposure times, barriers and other aspects involving radiographs were tested in order to establish a protocol involving periapical and panoramic radiographs of dry skulls. With the help of an acrylic stand, specially designed to position the cranium, panoramic radiographs were primarily taken using different preset configurations, then four materials were tested to compensate for lack of soft tissue: a ice pack, a block of dental wax, a metal plate and finally a film exposed to light and processed that was left between the blank film and the intensifying screen. For the periapical radiographs, Kodak E-speed films were exposed to times from 0.06 to 0.8 second at the upper and lower molars and anterior regions. Clinical film holders were used and kept in position by a metal wire device. The processing times were 45 seconds of development and 10 minutes of fixation. The radiographs were presented to a group of fifteen dentists, of several specialties, who selected the best results and concluding that the panoramic radiographs were best taken with the 63 Kv and 06 mA configurations and two films inside the cassette. For the periapical the exposure times of 0.64 sec for the upper arch and 0.8 sec for the lower achieved the best acceptance. The presented results, allied with the data found in the literature a protocol was also prepared and attached to this research.
Oliveira, Silvia Virginia Tedeschi. "Reconstrução facial forense: projeção nasal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-22052010-103133/.
Full textThe nose, occupying the middle third of the face, has a marked cognitive influence on facial image. It consists largely of cartilage tissue, muscles, skin and fat, and loses its shape during cadaveric decomposition. The technique of facial reconstruction to restore nasal appearance can influence the recognition of a skull that has no assignable identity and has been the subject of much criticism. The known methods of estimating nasal projection using elements of the skull are lacking in practicality and reproducibility. In this study, we attempted to relate the prosopometric points Rhinion (Rhi, bone), Pronasale (Pn, soft tissue) and Prosthion (Pr, bone) by studying the angle formed by straight lines that connect them, noting the possibility of its use in determining the length of the nose. Two independent and calibrated examiners measured this angle with the help of analysis and image processing software, Image J, version 1.43, directly from cephalometric radiographs, which had been selected from a collection of documentation from the digital archives of four Dental Radiology institutes, located in São Paulo Brazil. Linear measurements were taken by taking into consideration the difference of the value found for the proposed angle and the hypothetical value of 90.00 degrees. The sample consisted of 600 lateral radiographs of the head (of 300 males aged between 24 and 77 years and 300 females, aged 24 to 69 years). The data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 10.0. The results showed that the values for the measurements of both investigators were very close to a perfect linear relationship (r = 0.99).Both gender had the same age distribution. The proposed Rhinion-Pronasale-Prosthion angle varied from 80.00° to 100.00° in both genders and all ages. In males, the distribution of the angle was more symmetrical, centered at 90.88 degrees, while in females there was a higher frequency of values greater than or equal to 90.00 degrees, with a mean of 92.89°. For the linear measurements, the highest relative frequency of the female sample was 0.31 mm and for the male sample it was 0.32 mm that is, each degree of difference between the actual measured angle and suggested one of 90.00° corresponded to the linear measure of about 0.31 mm. Because the Rhinion and Prosthion prosopometric points are easy to find in the skull, the crossing of lines that pass through these points determine the Pronasale point as the apex of the angle. Considering the results obtained, it was possible to use the value of 90.00° for the angle Rhi-Pn-Pr in order to determine nasal projection in Brazilian adults.
Herrera, Lara Maria. "Reconstrução facial forense: comparação entre tabelas de espessuras de tecidos moles faciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-21052016-100124/.
Full textForensic Sciences employ Forensic Facial Reconstruction technique to increase possibilities in human recognition. After anthropological analysis, the face can be created on the skeletonized skull and published in the media. There are several methodologies for facial modeling and facial features as well as multiple soft tissue thicknesses data that aid in facial contour. In order to investigate whether a methodology allows more recognition and greater resemblance to a person, this study aimed to compare manual facial reconstructions made with two approaches of filling facial soft tissue (American and Manchester methods) and two approaches to predict the eyes, nose, mouth and ears. This study also intended to compare facial reconstructions carried out with four Brazilian soft tissue thicknesses data, that were developed by previous studies considering the possibily of merging these data for Forensic Reconstruction purpose. A fourth aim was to determine whether sex and anatomical or Forensic knowledge of assessor can influence in frequency of recognition. This study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, two reconstructions were performed for two targets (one male and one female) with American and Manchester methods and applying two guides for eyes, nose, mouth and ears. The reconstructions were evaluated by forty assessors (both sex, divided into four groups - undergraduated students in dentistry who did not study Forensic Dentistry, undergraduated students in dentistry who have gone through the subject of Forensic Dentistry, experts in Forensic Dentistry and individuals who did not have knowlegde of human anatomy) through the recognition and resemblance tests. For female target, frequencies of recognitions were 20% and 10% for American and Manchester methods, respectively; for male target, frequencies were 35% and 17.5%, with significant differences between the proportions of correct responses. Regarding resemblance rates, medians were less than 3 (on a scale from 1 to 5); however, it was found an exception for the sculpture made with the American method for male target, which had median 3. Thus, American method was used for the reconstructions of phase II. In this second phase, facial reconstructions for four targets (two male and two female) were obtained with the American method, considering the four Brazilian soft tissue thicknesses data. Sixteen facial reconstructions were evaluated by a hundred and twenty assessors, also through the recognition and resemblance tests. As in phase I, it was considered the sex and the group of assessors. For the first target, ratios were significantly higher for reconstructions made with data obtained from cadavers (44% and 38%) compared with those obtained from imaging. For the target 4, the proportion of correct responses with data from cadavers (Tedeschi-Oliveira et al.) and from Magnetic Resonance Imaging were significantly higher compared to reconstructions with data from Computer Tomographic scans data. Regarding resemblance, only target 1 showed significant differences in frequency of slight resemblance between reconstructions. In addition, nor sex, nor the knowledge of human anatomy from assessor has influenced the frequency of correct responses. It is also expected that the proposed table be employed for Brazilians.
Lima, Laíse Nascimento Correia. "Validação do índice de Carrea por meio de elementos dentais superiores para a estimativa da estatura humana." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290757.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O índice de Carrea constitui uma importante ferramenta na estimativa da estatura humana, necessitando para sua aplicação apenas que alguns elementos dentais anteriores inferiores estejam preservados. No entanto, nos casos em que a mandíbula é acometida por um trauma, uma patologia ou por situações diversas, o uso da técnica torna-se inviável. Com isso, ampliar a utilização do índice de Carrea, estendendo-o aos elementos superiores, aumentaria as chances de se realizar o método, principalmente nos casos em que apenas o crânio é encontrado. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como proposição testar um novo denominador no índice de Carrea, para que o mesmo possa ser utilizado no arco superior, visando um novo recurso para se estimar a estatura humana. Além disso, objetiva-se comparar os percentuais de acerto obtidos entre o arco inferior e superior. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo com 378 modelos em gesso, sendo 189 superiores e 189 inferiores de arcos dentais correspondentes, pertencentes a alunos do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, de ambos os sexos e com idades entre 18 e 30 anos. A estatura dos participantes foi estimada mensurando, com um paquímetro digital, os incisivos central e lateral e o canino, dos arcos superiores e inferiores, bem como dos hemiarcos direito e esquerdo. A partir dessas medidas, foram estimadas, por meio do índice de Carrea, as alturas máxima e mínima com base nos arcos inferiores. Para os arcos superiores foi utilizada uma modificação no denominador da fórmula original de Carrea, de valor 2 para o valor 2,55, de forma que a mesma se adequasse às medidas da maxila. Os valores obtidos foram comparados à estatura real dos participantes, previamente mesurada com um antropômetro. No arco superior, verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os posicionamentos dentais no sexo masculino e nos hemiarcos direitos, sendo os apinhados o maior percentual de acerto (65% e 65,2%, respectivamente). A avaliação interarcos proposta entre os sexos, para os três tipos de posicionamento dental, demonstrou percentual de acerto estatisticamente significante no sexo feminino entre os hemiarcos normais, com os inferiores apresentando percentual maior (70,0%) em relação aos superiores (42,3%). Já entre os hemiarcos, a diferença estatística pôde ser observada nos lados direito e esquerdo, apenas no posicionamento normal, com os inferiores demonstrando percentuais de acerto maiores (61,5% e 67,6%, respectivamente). Dessa forma, conclui-se que, embora o percentual de acertos no arco superior não tenha sido significante, o método poderá ser utilizado como subsídio para a estimativa da estatura
Abstract: Carrea's index is an important tool in human stature estimation, and requires for its use only some lower anterior teeth preserved. However, in cases of mandibular damage - by trauma, pathology or any other condition - the use of the method becomes impossible. Therefore, expand the use of Carrea's index, extending it to upper dental elements, increases the applicability of the method, especially in cases where only the skull is recovered. Thus, the present study aimed to test a new denominator for Carrea's index, so that it can be used in the upper jaw, which provides a new resource for human stature estimation. The study was conducted with 378 cast models - 189 higher and 189 lower arches - of dentistry students from the Federal University of Paraíba, of both sexes and aged between 18 and 30 years. The stature of the participants was estimated by measuring, with a digital caliper, the central and lateral incisors and canine from upper and lower arches, both sides. From these measurements, the maximum and minimum stature was estimated, according to Carrea's index. Moreover, it was aimed to compare the sucess rates between the upper and lower arches. For the upper arches a new denominator of Carrea's original formula, from 2 to 2.55, so it would fit the the maxilla's measures. The values obtained were compared to the real stature of the participants, previously measured with an anthropometer. In the maxillary arch, there was a statistically significant difference between the teeth alignment in males and in the right hemiarch, with the crowded hemiarches showing the greatest accuracy (65% and 65.2% respectively). The interarch evaluation proposed between the sexes, for the three types of dental alignment proved percentage of success statistically significant in females between the normal hemiarches, with the lower arch showing a higher percentage (70.0%) compared with the upper one (42.3%). Among the hemiarches, statistical difference was observed in right and left sides only in normal position, with the lower arch showing greater success rate (61.5% and 67.6% respectively). It can be stated that although the percentage of success in the upper arch was not significant, the method proposed can be used as additional criteria for the estimation of stature
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Fernandes, Clemente Maia da Silva. "Análise das reconstruções faciais forenses digitais caracterizadas utilizando padrões de medidas lineares de tecidos moles da face de brasileiros e estrangeiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-03072010-103917/.
Full textThe concern with the identification, that is the process by which the identity is determined, is quite old. Currently, the social relations or civil, criminal, administrative and commercial requirements need its evidence. The identification of deceased persons is essential not only to assuage the emotional needs of their friends and family, but also to allow legal actions related to death. Unfortunately, situations often occur when bodies arrive at the Medico-Legal Institutes in a state of putrefaction or skeletonization, and are not identified. In such situations, anthropometric analysis to estimate, for example, age, gender and height, are of great value. In these cases, forensic facial reconstruction is very important because it may serve to recognize and therefore increase the chances of identification. The three-dimensional forensic facial reconstruction can be manual or digital. The digital forensic facial reconstruction was made possible with the advent of Information Technology, medical imaging and new 3D image and reconstruction softwares. To perform facial reconstruction, data on the thickness of the soft tissues of the face are necessary. There is no literature records of facial reconstruction works carried out with digital data of soft tissues obtained from samples of Brazilian subjects. There are two tables of thickness of soft tissue published for the Brazilian population: one obtained from measurements performed in fresh cadavers (fresh cadavers pattern), and another from measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance pattern). The aim of this study was to perform three different characterized digital forensic facial reconstructions (with hair, eyelashes and eyebrows) of a Brazilian subject (based on an international pattern and two national patterns for soft facial tissue thickness), and evaluate the digital forensic facial reconstructions comparing them to photos of the individual and other nine subjects. We used DICOM images of a computed tomography (CT) donated by a volunteer that, once converted, were used for the realization of the digital facial reconstructions. Once we\'ve performed the three reconstructions, they were compared with photographs of the volunteer who had his face reconstructed and of nine other subjects. Thirty examiners participated in this recognition attempt. The target subject, who had his face reconstructed, was recognized by 26.67% of the examiners in the reconstruction performed with the national Magnetic Resonance Pattern, 23.33% in the reconstruction performed with the national Fresh Cadavers Pattern of and 20.00 % in the reconstruction performed with the International Pattern, and the target-subject was the most recognized subject in the first two patterns. The correct recognitions of the subject indicate that the digital forensic facial reconstruction, carried out with parameters used in this study, may be a useful tool, with one or more subjects recognized to achieve a positive identification.
Matoso, Rodrigo Ivo 1978. "Comparison of gunshot entrance morphologies caused by .40-caliber Smith & Wesson, .380-caliber, and 9-mm Luger bullets = a finite element analysis study = Comparação de morfologias de orifícios de entrada causados por projéteis de calibre .40 Smith & Wesson, calibre .380, e 9 mm Luger: estudo com análise de elementos finitos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288834.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Armas de fogo podem causar feridas fatais e serem identificadas pelos vestígios deixados no corpo ou em torno deste. Entretanto, há casos em que nem projétil e nem arma do delito estão dispostos no local de crime. Estudos balísticos envolvendo modelos de elementos finitos podem reproduzir condições biomecânicas computacionais, sem ferir princípios bioéticos, pois não ocorrem testes diretos em animais ou em seres humanos. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar as morfologias de orifícios de entrada causados por projéteis calibre .40 Smith & Wesson (S&W), calibre .380 e calibre 9x19 mm Luger. Um projétil .40 S&W encamisado total, um projétil .380 encamisado total e um projétil 9x19 mm Luger encamisado total foram computacionalmente disparados contra região de glabela do modelo de elementos finitos, à distância de 10 cm, com incidência perpendicular ao ponto do alvo. Os resultados apresentam diferentes morfologias nos orifícios de entrada produzidos pelos três projéteis, utilizando-se o mesmo modelo de crânio e na mesma distância de tiro. Os resultados e as características dos orifícios de entrada foram discutidos. Modelos de elementos finitos permitem pesquisas balísticas computacionais praticáveis, que podem ser úteis para peritos forenses quando da comparação e análise de dados relacionados a feridas por arma de fogo na região frontal do crânio
Abstract: Firearms can cause fatal wounds, which can be identified by traces on or around the body. However, there are cases where neither the bullet nor gun is found at the crime scene. Ballistic research involving finite element models can reproduce computational biomechanical conditions, without compromising bioethics, as they involve no direct tests on animals or humans. This study aims to compare the morphologies of gunshot entrance holes caused by .40-caliber Smith & Wesson (S&W), .380-caliber, and 9x19-mm Luger bullets. A fully metal-jacketed .40 S&W projectile, a fully metal-jacketed .380 projectile, and a fully metal-jacketed 9x19-mm Luger projectile were computationally fired at the glabellar region of the finite element model from a distance of 10 cm, at perpendicular incidence. The results show different morphologies in the entrance holes produced by the three bullets, using the same skull at the same shot distance. The results and traits of the entrance holes are discussed. Finite element models allow feasible computational ballistic research, which may be useful to forensic experts when comparing and analyzing data related to gunshot wounds in the forehead
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Dias, Paulo Eduardo Miamoto. "Morfologia labial de interesse para reconstrução facial forense." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-20022014-163427/.
Full textForensic Facial Reconstruction (FFR) is an area of Forensic Anthropology that seeks to approximate the appearance of an unknown individual by reconstructing soft tissues over ones skull after an anthropological analysis. The FFR published in the media aims at a recognition, which can trigger a process of human identification. Knowing the relationship between hard and soft tissues is crucial to increase the accuracy of FFRs. In this study, we sought to gather anthropometric information on the mouth and its proportions. Two samples were taken from a collection of CBCT scans. Sample 1 (n=327) consisted of men (n=127) and women (n=185) aged between 11 and 81 years old, divided into six age groups and verified the linear distances defined by anatomical landmarks in soft tissue: vermillion height, mouth width, the proportion between these and the possibility of estimating mouth width from the intercanine distance. Sample 2 (n=108) consisted of men (n=40) and women (n=68) aged between 20 and 81 years old, divided into three age groups, and verified the proportions between the vermilllions of the mouth, mouth width and linear distances marked in bony craniometrical landmarks. The measurements were made in OsiriX software and the results were analyzed by averages, standard deviations and differences between the averages. For sample 1, vermillion height corresponded to approximately 26% of mouth width, in both genders, with a tendency to decrease over time. Mouth width increased over time in men, and kept stable values in women. The intercanine distance corresponded to about 75% of mouth width in men, and 80% of the mouth width in women. For sample 2, the distance between the landmarks infradentale and supramentale and was on average 55% of the vermillion height in both genders, and the distance between the landmarks philtrum medium and supradentale was about 85% of the vermillion height in men and about 88% of the same measure, in women. The distance between the mental foramina was on average 97% of the mouth width in women, and 93% of this distance in men. Gathering anthropometric information on the mouth for the Brazilian population can contribute to increase the accuracy of FFRs and assist human identification.
Beaini, Thiago Leite. "Espessura de tecidos moles nos diferentes tipos faciais: estudo em tomografias computadorizadas cone-beam." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-28032014-160826/.
Full textForensic facial reconstruction (FFR) is a research field that intends to estimate the face of an individual through a skull. Mean soft tissue thickness values, of different cranial landmarks, often obtained through needle puncture, are used as references. Lately, some digital methods, such as Magnetic resonance and Fan-beam Computer Tomography have been offering new resources to forensic analysis. Cone-Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT), differs from others, by allowing the volumetric acquisition of a sitting patient. In the study of occlusion and orthodontic, is usual to associate volume and functional features to different facial types, therefore the objective is to establish a CBCT soft tissue measuring method, for points used for FFR, verifying the existence of significant differences of soft tissue pattern in distinct facial types. A guideline was created to allow observers to measure soft tissue of 32 landmarks (10 sagittal and 11 bilateral), usually found in FFR researches. Precision was accessed through landmarks placing tests in 5 exams, inter-observers and intraobservers intraclass correlation in 10 exams. The use of the software Osirix® was supported by the comparison with Nemotec® in 25 exams. Visual tests were performed through a computer tomography from a skull with resin spheres placed through the manual approach. The 100 subject sample were divided into gender and then into vertical facial types of long face (LF), short face (SF) and normal face (NF), and in horizontal types: CL I, II, III. Normality statistical tests were applied and the difference between groups was tested. The sample was divided in 50 men: 13 NF, 29 LF, and 10 SF, as 20 were Class I, 14 CL II and 16 CL III. The 50 women were divided into 16 NF, 24 LF and 10 SF, as 24 were Class I, 18 CL II and 8 CL III. The method was considered adequate, as after little calibration was needed to allow observers to place landmarks with similar precision. The mean intraclass correlation was considered strong between software (0.75) and observers (0.8), and very strong on intra-observer (0.9). Visual tests pointed out good level of coincidence between manual and digital methods with advantage to the digital due to the available computer tools. The average measures differed between male and female gender, as thicker depths were observed in men in all landmarks, with exception to the Lateral Orbits. The small amount of difference, observed among facial types was considered insufficient to sustain the use of new reference charts. Nevertheless, morphological features could be noticed, especially among male subjects. The depth of landmarks placed over the mandible presented statistical differences, demonstrating that class III, and or long face facial types have less tissue in those areas than class II and short-faced patients.
Francesquini, Monica Aparecida. "Avaliação da medida de comprimento de ossos longos de individuos adultos quanto ao dimorfismo sexual." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289139.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Em praticamente todos os casos onde somente se dispõe de remanescentes ósseos, faz-se necessário a realização de perícias de identificação antropológica. Tais perícias são realizadas, geralmente, no crânio e/ou nos ossos da pelve, pois estes fornecem elementos de presunção do gênero, da raça e da idade. Porém, há casos onde somente se encontram peças ósseas isoladas, impossibilitando a obtenção do crânio. Para estes casos, a maioria das pesquisas brasileiras, que tiveram como objeto de estudo o crânio, não possibilitariam a determinação do gênero em ossos longos tomando como base a amostra nacional. Na presente pesquisa foram avaliados os ossos longos do corpo, quanto ao dimorfismo e estabeleceu-se um modelo matemático que permita a determinação do gênero por meio de ossos longos. Após os estudos de 200 ossadas (100 de indivíduos femininos e 100 de indivíduos masculinos), todas, com gênero, idade, e origem, definidos. Destaca-se que em relação à cor da pele, muitas ossadas achavam-se sem a devida especificação no livro de obituários existentes no IML Paes de Barros de Cuiabá-MT. Concluiu-se que os ossos longos pesquisados (Rádio, tíbia, fíbula, fêmur e dedo anular da mão), são dimórficos. O modelo matemático elaborado foi (Logito = -0,2113 ¿ 0,0144 * tibia + 0.1469 * anular) para a determinação do gênero, com índice de concordância do modelo de 74% entre os gêneros estimados e observados. Pode-se afirmar que o uso do modelo matemático elaborado torna mais confiável o exame antropológico e permite uma maior praticidade, quando do seu uso. Porém, o uso desta deve ser feito com ponderação, tendo sempre como premissa o fator idade, cor da pele, biotipo e o grupo sócio-econômico a que pertenceu a ossada
Abstract: In practice all the cases where only of dispose of the remains skeletal make be needed the realization of the identification expertness anthropology. Where it's realize generally in the skull and / or in the bone of the pelvis, however these provide element for estimation of sex, race and age however there is cases where only if find isolated fragmentaryremains and not finding the skull. For these cases, the majority of the brazilians research not estimative the sex determination in long bone in national sample. The present study analised the long bones of the body and established a mathemathical model that permits the sex determination. After the studied of 200 skeleton of wich are (100 males and 100 females), all with sex, age and define origin. However it to outstanding that in relation a skin of the collor very bone to be without the specification due in the death in the book existing in the IML Paes de Barros of the Cuiabá-MT city. Conclued that the research long bone (radium, tibia, fibula, femur and ring-singer of the hand) are dimorphism. The mathematical model established was logistics (logistics= -0,2113-0,0144*tibia + 0,1469* ring finger) for the sex determination, with 74% agreement index of the model between the sex estimative and observed. Can be affirm that the defined mathematical model provides a results of anthropology examination, permiting a pratical method to estimate the sex factor. However, the use of this method should be used with ponderation, in cases that the a knownlegment of age, color of skin, biotype and social economic group where known
Doutorado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
Karkhanis, Shalmira. "Macroscopic and microscopic changes in incinerated deciduous teeth." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0170.
Full textSilva, Marcos André Duarte da. "Estimativa da estatura final utilizando os cálculos matemáticos desenvolvidos por Carrea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-14012013-153149/.
Full textSometimes the process of human identification faces situations that little of the human body remains to be investigated, in these cases all identificatory methods available must be employed. The aim of this study was to obtain data to facilitate the understanding of the Carrea`s study 9 about stature as well as check the possibility of estimating final stature using the mathematical calculations developed by Carrea using two different methodologies. Stature measurement was perfomed in 46 Brazilian from Curitiba - PR aged between 22 and 37 years and divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of 24 subjects without orthodontic treatment and with the six mandibular anterior teeth aligned, Group 2A consists of 22 subjects with crowding of the mandibular anterior teeth before orthodontic treatment and Group 2B comprised the same 22 subjects of the Group 2A, but after orthodontic treatment and with the mandibular anterior teeth aligned. The first methodology evaluated, which was called index of Carrea (1) used the mathematical formulas developed by this author in which the radius-chord and arch measurements were obtained directly from the digitalized orthodontic models. In the second method, index of Carrea (2), the arch was measured on the digitalized orthodontic models, but the radius-chord was obtained dividing the arch measurement by a numeric constant (1.0472) observed in the table of progressive proportion described by Carrea 9. Carrea index (2) was applied in all subjects of the sample without separating them in groups, since the radius-chord was calculated from the measured arch regardless of the disposition of the lowe anterior teeth. The descriptive analysis of the percentage of subjects with real stature within the range of statures estimated applying the index Carrea (1) performed as follows: Group 1 - 41.7%, Group 2A - 72.3% and Group 2B - 54.5%. The study of the size range of the statures estimated presented the following result: 18.9 cm for the Group 1, 30.6 cm for the Group 2A and 15.4 cm for the Group 2B. Using the index Carrea (2) it was found that 15.2% of the sample had their real 9 stature within the range of the statures estimated and the size of this range was 8 cm. It was concluded that the indexes of Carrea (1) and (2) have no applicability as a method to estimate the final stature. Its not confirmed at least explicitly in the studies of Carrea that was his aim to estimate the stature. It was observed that Carrea intended to calculate the final human stature proportional to the sum of mesio-distal dimensions of lower central incisor, lower lateral incisor and lower canine ipsilateral.
Benedicto, Eduardo de Novaes 1982. "Alterações ântero-posteriores e transversais das rugas palatinas após expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente em modelos digitalizados." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290750.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Souza, Andreia Cristina Breda de. "Analise histologica de dentes deciduos rosados apos a morte." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290804.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A pigmentação rosada é uma alteração cromática dos dentes, que pode estar relacionada a mortes súbitas e violentas, resultante do extravasamento sanguineo a partir da polpa dentária, com penetração da hemoglobina ou seus subprodutos no interior dos túbulos dentinários. Fatores como a umidade, temperatura e a posição em que são encontrados os corpos são considerados como coadjuvantes no desenvolvimento do fenômeno. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas duas amostras com o objetivo de analisar as fases de formação desta alteração cromática, sendo uma amostra constituída de dentes decíduos naturalmente rosados e a outra de dentes decíduos cuja pigmentação rosada foi reproduzida experimentalmente. Após a indução da pigmentação rosada, através da injeção sanguínea a partir do ápice radicular, quando da observação da modificação cromática os elementos dentários foram submetidos em diferentes dias a uma análise histológica e outra espectrofotométrica. Os resultados obtidos através das duas análises permitiram-nos concluir que a hemoglobina íntegra é a responsável pela alteração de cor, os seus subprodutos não têm papel fundamental no desenvolvimento do fenômeno e que a sua degradação não acontece de forma única e é mais lenta do que previamente se pensava
Abstract: Pink pigmentation is a chromatic change of teeth that may be related to sudden and violent deaths. It is caused by blood flow out trom dental pulp, with the penetration of hemoglobin and its sub products into dentinal tubules. Factors such as temperature and the position of the bodies are considered to help the development of such situation. This research used two samples to analyze the phases of that chromatic change. One of the samples was a group of naturally pink deciduous teeth. The other group was deciduous teeth that the pink pigmentation was reproduced experimentally. After reproduction of pink pigmentation, these teeth were histological and spectrophotometric analyzed in different days. Therefore it was concluded that the hemoglobin is responsible for color change and its degradation happens slower that was earlier thought
Mestrado
Mestre em Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Duz, Lana Maximiliano. "Evolução tecnologica dos exames de paternidade e sua validade juridica." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290723.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A ciência e a tecnologia vêm se sobrepujando constantemente e seus avanços repercutem nas deliberações do Poder Judiciário. Decisões sobre paternidade baseadas em técnicas, atualmente suplantadas pelo avanço da ciência, têm sido questionadas judicialmente, colocando em evidência a atividade do perito judicial. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar de que maneira tem sido interpretada a responsabilidade do perito que emitiu laudos com resultados de exames de paternidade realizados em época anterior à utilização dos exames de DNA, para esse mesmo fim. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho de pesquisa foram analisados 200 exames de investigação de paternidade, realizados entre os anos de 1994 a 2001, pela técnica dos antígenos eritrocitátios e leucocitátios e 30 exames de investigação de paternidade realizados no ano de 2006, empregando-se a técnica de DNA, todos realizados na FOP-UNICAMP - Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontologia social, Área de Odontologia Legal e Deodontologia. Foram analisados, também, os aspectos jurídicos dos exames de paternidade avaliando 20 julgados ocorridos no perído entre 1991 e 2006, pelos tribunais pátrios, para verificar como tem sido vista a responsabilidade do perito pelos nossos julgadores. Toda pesquisa foi realizada na Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba -UNICAMP. Atingido o seu termo, este trabalho de pesquisa científica permitiu concluir que a utilização dos exames pelos antígenos eritrocitários e até mesmo dos antígenos leucocitários, levava a um nível de credibilidade absoluta apenas quando excluíam a paternidade acusada; que os exames de DNA oferecem um índice de certeza de 99,99% em casos de investigação de paternidade, que os tribunais passaram a flexibiliar a coisa julgada material em ações nagatórias de paternidade com pedidos baseados em exames de DNA e que o perito, tendo se valido dos limites impostos pela técnica disponível em cada época, não podia ser responsabilizado pela reforma da sentença em ação negatória de paternidade, com base no exame de DNA
Abstract: The science and the technology come if constantly surpassing and its progresses rebound in the deliberations of the Judiciary Power. Decisions on paternity set in techniques, now supplanted by the progress of the science, they have been questioned judicially, placing in evidence the activity of the judicial expert. In that context, the present research work had for objective to investigate that way has been interpreted the responsibility of the expert that emitted legal issue with results of exams of paternity accomplished in time previous to the use of the exams of DNA, for that same end. For the development of this research work 200 exams of investigation of paternity were analyzed, accomplished among the years from 1994 to 2001, by the technique of the antigens eritrocitátios and leucocitátios and 30 exams of investigation of paternity accomplished in the year of 2006, being used the technique of DNA, everybody accomplished in FOP-UNICAMP - Ability of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Department of social Dentistry, Area of Legal Dentistry and Deodontology. They were analyzed, also, the juridical aspects of the exams of paternity evaluating 20 judged happened in the period between 1991 and 2006, for the tribunals of the homeland, to verify as the responsibility of the expert has been seen by our judges. Every research was accomplished in the Ability of Dentistry of Piracicaba - UNICAMP. Reached its term, this work of scientific research allowed to end that the use of the exams for the antigens eritrocitários and even of the antigens leucocitários, it just took at a level of absolute credibility when they excluded the paternity accused; that the exams of DNA offer an index of certainty of 99,99% in cases of investigation of paternity, that the tribunals passed the to move the thing judged material in actions that deny of paternity with requests based on exams of DNA and that the expert, having been worth of the limits taxes for the available technique in each time, it could not be made responsible by the reform of the sentence in action that deny of paternity, with base in the exam of DNA
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Bazzo, Glauco Jose. "Proposta de modificação da ficha odontolegal da Policia Militar do Estado de São Paulo pelo acrescimo de imagens radiograficas e fotograficas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290627.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontolofia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Na Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo (PMESP) o registro das condições bucais de seus elementos, para fins de identificação, é feito por meio do preenchimento de fichas odontolegais padronizadas. O preenchimento das referidas fichas é feito com um grande grau de subjetividade em virtude da falta de calibragem dos cirurgiões-dentistas associada às diferentes realidades enfrentadas por cada um deles nos diversos batalhões espalhados pelo estado, podendo, no futuro, causar eventuais erros ou gerar dificuldades quando necessário seu uso em casos práticos. A fim de melhorar a qualidade dos dados arquivados foi proposto o acréscimo de radiografias periapicais da região de pré-molares superiores, obtidas com o auxílio de posicionadores de radiografias, e fotografias frontais dos elementos da corporação, com posicionamento padronizado de cabeça, com sorriso forçado e com oclusão em máxima intercuspidação habitual. Para realizar este estudo, foram feitas simulações com 31 crânios secos, sem distinção de gênero e com idade entre 10 e 50 anos, que serviram de objeto de pesquisa para a obtenção de: fichas odontolegais no padrão da PMESP, preenchidas por estudantes dos 3º e 4º anos de graduação de Odontologia da FOP/UNICAMP; radiografias periapicais de pré-molares superiores; e fotografias frontais, as quais posteriormente foram encaminhadas para estudantes do curso de extensão em odontologia legal e deontologia da FOP/UNICAMP, para que fizessem a identificação dos crânios pelos documentos elaborados pelo 1° grupo. Feita a dentificação, os examinadores declararam quais as dificuldades encontradas e quais os métodos que permitiram uma identificação mais rápida ou mais fácil (a ficha odontolegal, as radiografias periapicais ou a fotografia frontal). Para complementar a avaliação subjetiva dos examinadores foi feita uma avaliação objetiva pelos pesquisadores pelo registro do tempo gasto pelos primeiros para a realização das identificações em cada método de identificação (ficha, radiografia e foto). Ao final, concluímos que o acréscimo dos registros radiográfico e fotográfico confere maior objetividade às fichas odontolegais da PMESP, tornando o processo de identificação mais prático e confiável
Abstract: At São Paulo State Military Police (PMESP), bucal conditions records of its elements, in order to identify them, it is done through fulfilling standard odontological cards. The process of fulfilling the cards is done with a great degree of subjectivity in view dentist's miscalibration, associated to different realities faced to each one of them in the various battalions dispersed through the state, being possible, in the future, to cause eventuals mistakes or create difficulties when its use in operative cases be needed. In order to improve the quality of the data recorded we propose the raise of periapicals x-rays photographs of the upper pre-molar region, taken with the assistance of radiography positioners and frontal view photographs of the elements of the corporation, with standardized head position, with forced induced smile and with maximum habital intercuspidation occlusion. In order to realize this study, 31 simulations were done with dry skulls, no gender distinction and aged from 10 to 50 years old, that was used research material to obtain: odontological records at PMESP standard, fulfilled by 6th. and 8th. Period under graduate students of odontology, from FOP/UNICAMP; upper periapicals pre-molar, x-rays photographs and front view photos, which will be later guided to students of the FOP/UNICAMP Forensic Odontology and Deontology extension, in order to perform the identification of the skulls through the elaborated records by the first group. Once perfomed the identification, the examiners declared the difficulties found and which methods allowed them to a faster or easier identification (the odontological record, the periapicals x-rays photographs or the front view photographs). In order to complement the subjective avaliation by the examiners, an objective avaliation was performed by the investigators through the record of the spent time by the first ones to perform the identifications by each method of identification (record, x-ray photograph and photograph). Finally we concluded that the addition of photographic and radiographic records, confer greater objectivity to PMESP odontolegal records, turning the identification process more practical and confident
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Fernandes, Ellen Eduarda. "Estudo da técnica de Hoshi na inclinação do processo mastoide como uma característica sexual /." São José dos Campos, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190819.
Full textBanca: Michelle Cardoso de Sousa
Banca: Luiz Eduardo Blumer Rosa
Resumo: Sabe-se que o processo mastoide (PM) tem sido utilizado como uma característica diferencial entre crânios de espécies diferentes e mesmo entre os sexos. Muitos são os métodos utilizados para se diferenciar os processos mastoides masculinos dos femininos. Tal diferenciação é muito importante na antropologia física e na forense. Neste trabalho foi utilizada a metodologia empregada por Hoshi (1962) na qual classifica os PM segundo a sua curvatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a aplicabilidade desta metodologia. Foram utilizados 305 crânios humanos identificados segundo o sexo, grupo étnico e idade, pertencentes ao Museu de Crânios da Disciplina de Anatomia Descriptiva e Topográfica da Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística (análise descritiva e teste quiquadrado) e constatou-se que as inclinações do tipo M (70,87%) são estatisticamente típicas do sexo masculino, enquanto as inclinações do tipo N (47,47%) e F (36,36%) são encontradas nos crânios femininos, sendo suas incidências estatisticamente significativas, demonstrando que as inclinações dos tipos N e F caracterizam, na amostra em questão, os crânios femininos. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram que o método desenvolvido por Hoshi é aplicável e de fácil execução
Abstract: It is known that the mastoid process (PM) has been used as a differential feature among skulls of different species and even between the sexes. Many are the methods used to differentiate the male mastoids from the female ones. Such a difference is very important in physical anthropology and forensics. In this work we use the methodology used by Hoshi (1962) in which it classifies PM according to its curvature. The objective of this work was to verify the applicability of this methodology. 305 skulls were used, identified by sex, ethnic group and age, belonging to the Museum of Skulls of the Discipline of Anatomy at the Paulista School of Medicine - UNIFESP. The results obtained were submitted to statistical analysis (descriptive analysis and chi-square test) and it was verified that the M-type inclinations (70.87%) are statistically typical of the male sex, while the N-type inclinations (47.47%) and F (36.36% ) are found in female skulls, and their incidence is statistically significant, demonstrating that the N and F inclinations characterize female skulls in the sample. The results showed that the method developed by Hoshi is applicable and easy to implement
Mestre
Capp, Thaís Torralbo Lopez. "Análise da variabilidade métrica dos parâmetros de Antropologia Forense para estimativa do sexo de duas populações: escocesa e brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-04072017-091621/.
Full textForensic anthropology is the application of the physical anthropology science and human osteology in criminal cases where the victim\'s remains are in an advanced stage of decomposition. Due to migration Brazilian population is very diverse, comprising many races and ethnic groups, therefore it is much more varied than the Scottish population, which tends to be more homogenous once there was significant immigration to Scotland from the rest of the United Kingdom. The present study aimed to compare the craniometric variations of two populations (Brazilian and Scottish), and analyze the reliability of sex determination in the two populations for forensic purpose. The total sample was comprised of 200 skulls and 136 mandibles, the Brazilian sample consisted of 100 complete skulls and the Scottish sample was composed of 100 skulls and 36 mandibles, both of which are documented samples. The measure\'s protocol comprised 72 measurements, being 51 cranial and 21 mandibular. The results showed that the Scottish sample had a larger mean compared to the Brazilian sample in 54 variables of the 72 measures. Among the cranial measurements analyzed, 33 variables showed a significant difference between the two samples and among the 21 mandibular measurements considered, 05 presented a variation greater than 20%, 09 between 10% and 20%, 07 lower than 10%. The most dimorphic measurements for both samples were the bizigomatic width (73% of accuracy for the Brazilian sample and 77% for the Scottish sample), the bigoniac width (79% and 83,30%), the Porion-Mastoidale length (76% and 75%), and the left side mandibular body height (67 and 80,60%). The multivariate discriminant analysis showed satisfactory results for the Brazilian sample with a percentage of accuracy varying between 76-90% and in the Scottish sample 81-86.6%. Through the analysis of the ROC curve, four reference tables were developed: 01 for Brazilian cranial measurements, 01 Brazilian mandibular measurements, 01 Scottish cranial measurements and 01 Scottish mandibular measurements The present study showed a difference between the two samples studied, but it is not possible to define an unique cause responsible for that because this comprise multifactorial aspects. The quantitative methodology analyzed showed sexual dimorphism in both samples.
Carvalho, Marcus Vinicius Ribeiro. "Identificação do agente infeccioso HIV nos cadaveres do Instituto Medico Legal da cidade de Volta Redonda." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290626.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O procedimento necroscópico realizado no Instituto Médico Legal (IML) é cercado de riscos biológicos dos quais precisam ser identificados e estudados para se produzir conhecimentos que justifique a utilização de medidas de biossegurança. O objetivo do trabalho é avaliar a existência do agente etiológico HIV em cadáveres, no intuito de determinar se a pesquisa necroscópica é fator de risco de transmissão para a equipe. O estudo ocorreu na área de Odontologia Legal e Deontologia da FOP-UNICAMP e no SML de Volta Redonda - RJ onde realizou-se a coleta de sangue da câmara atrial cardíaca de 50 cadáveres que deram entrada no período de 18 de maio a 26 de junho de 2009. O procedimento para análise imunológica foi feito pelo teste rápido de HIV e pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Das 50 amostras coletadas, nove foram inadequadas para o teste. E das 41 amostras testadas houve um único resultado positivo para HIV no teste ELISA e no teste rápido. Há riscos de contaminação pelo HIV para a equipe do IML nos procedimentos de necropsia, desde que não se respeitem às diretrizes de biossegurança para os atos operatórios. Tendo este trabalho detectado a presença do HIV em 2,4% das amostras efetivamente examinadas.
Abstract: The carried through autopsy procedure in the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IML) is surrounded biological risks which need to be identified and studied to produce knowledge that justifies the use of biosecurity measures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the existence of the agent HIV in cadavers in order to determine whether the research necroscopic is a risk factor for transmission to the team. The study took place in the area of forensic dentistry and ethics of FOP-UNICAMP and SML Volta Redonda - RJ which held the blood collection chamber atrial rate of 50 corpses received in the period from May 18 to June 26 2009. The procedure for the immunological analysis was done by the rapid test for HIV and by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Of the 50 samples, nine were inadequate for testing. And of the 41 samples tested there was a single positive result for HIV ELISA and rapid test. There are risks of HIV infection to the staff of IML in autopsy procedures, provided they do not comply with the biosafety guidelines for surgical procedures. Having this work detected the presence of HIV in 2.4% of the samples actually tested.
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Almeida, Natalie Haddad de. "Reconstrução facial: mensuração da espessura dos tecidos moles que recobrem a face." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-14012013-125744/.
Full textForensic facial reconstruction is a technique that has the aim of recognition and identification, in situations in which a known identity of the sketelon submetted to medico-legal procedures is not available. The objective of the study was to study the soft tissue thicknesses that cover the face of autopsied corpses that were sent to Guarulho´s Medical-Legal Institute from September 2010 to September 2011. Measurements of 49 anatomic references were performed in the face of corpses with less than 24 hours of death; data were analysed using t test with bicaudal p. The project was approved by the University of São Paulo´s School of Dentistry Ethics Committee (protocol number 144/2010). One hundred corpses were studied, being 64 male and 26 female. They were mainly 41 to 60 years old. Among all the 49 studied anatomic references, just five presented a p value lower than 0.05, that is, these references showed differences between sex: upper lip margin (p=0.006), superior labius sulcus (p=0.006), stomion (p=0,001), right lateral orbits (p=0.008) and left chelion (p=0.009). The studied anatomic references allowed to establish more precise parameters of the faces thicknesses that can be applied in corpses facial reconstructions in the Brazilian population, and some anatomic references presented a higher discriminant Power with regard to sex. Furthermore, the anatomic landmarks offered information to a reference table with the objective of forensic facial reconstruction.
Freire, Jose Jozefran Berto. "Estatura : dado fundamental em antropologia forense." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288791.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: É fato conhecido que não há padrões brasileiros para estimativa da estatura. Enquanto as pesquisas nacionais em Antropologia Forense sobre sexo, idade e peso avançaram, a pesquisa sobre estatura não evoluiu. Partindo-se da idéia que a estatura é dado fundamental em Antropologia Forense, sabe-se também que, nas perícias sobre ossadas humanas, no Brasil, são utilizadas tabelas e fórmulas de regressão elaboradas fora do país, com padrões raciais definidos, em estudos onde se enfatiza, além do sexo, a questão racial. Portanto, não atenderiam à miscigenação racial presente no Brasil. Nesta pesquisa, iniciouse uma série de estudos sobre estatura, na busca de um padrão nacional. Foi constituída uma amostra de 216 cadáveres, sendo 116 masculinos e 100 femininos. Escolhemos trabalhar com o cadáver, pela possibilidade de se estabelecer a estatura previamente e assim, fazer-se a correlação com as medidas de ossos longos e, portanto, com maior possibilidade de se estabelecer a relação medida de ossos longos e estatura. Foram medidos os ossos úmero, rádio, fêmur e tíbia - pois participam efetivamente da estatura, sob o ponto de vista anatômico. A amostra foi submetida a análise estatística através de cálculos de correlação linear, regressão linear e estabelecimento de intervalo de confiança, para estimativa de estatura. Obtiveram-se, assim, fórmulas de regressão com padrões nacionais que, devidamente aplicadas, auxiliarão o perito brasileiro na estimativa da estatura, quando necessária. Foi constatada, finalmente, a necessidade de novos estudos, onde se contemplem outras variáveis deste tema, como, por exemplo, os biótipos
Abstract: It is well-known that there are no Brazilian standards for stature estimates. While the national researches on Forensic Anthropology about sex, age and weight progressed, the research on stature did not. Based on the idea that the stature is an essential piece of information in Forensic Anthropology we also know that in Brazil, in the human bone investigation the tables and regression formulas used are elaborated abroad, with defined racial standards in which, besides the sex, the racial issue is emphasized. Therefore, they do not meet the racial mixture present in Brazil. In this present research, a series of studies about statures was started in search of a national standard. A sample of 216 corpses, 116 mal e and 100 female, was taken. We chose to work with corpses, due to fact that it was possible to establish the stature previously and thus, to make the correlation with the measurements of long bones and therefore, with a bigger possibility of establishing the relation long bones and stature. The bones measured were the humarus, the radius, femur and tibia because they play an effective part in the stature, from the anatomic point of view. The sample was submitted to statistical analysis through linear correlation calculation, linear regression and the establishment of confidence intervals, to estimate the statures. Thus, regression formulas were obtained, with national standards which property applied will help the Brazilian expert in the estimate whenever necessary. Finnaly, we observed that deeper studies on variables of this very theme such as biotypes prove to be necessary
Mestrado
Mestre em Odontologia Legal e Deontologia